.........................................................................................................i Acknowledgements............................................................................................ii List of Figures...................................................................................................vii List of Tables..................................................................................................ix CHAPTER ONE: Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Setting the Research Context .......................................................................................................... 1 Guiding Objectives and Research Questions .................................................................................. 2 Conceptual Premise of Research .................................................................................................... 4 The Broader Theoretical Contributions .......................................................................................... 5 Structure of the Dissertation ........................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: Literature Review ......................................................................................... 8 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Housing and Homelessness in Human Geography ......................................................................... 9 Reviewing Theories on the Life Course from the Social Sciences ............................................... 15 Housing Careers and the Life Course ........................................................................................... 19 Health and the Life Course ........................................................................................................... 22 Homelessness and Physical Health ............................................................................................... 26 Contemporary Debates About Mental Health and Homelessness ................................................ 30 Older People and Homelessness ................................................................................................... 32 Re-Housing Homeless People....................................................................................................... 36 Reviewing Existing Research on the Formerly Homeless Older Population in Canada .............. 37 Reviewing Human Geography Literature on Healthy Aging ....................................................... 41 Chapter Discussion: Outlining the Guiding Conceptual Framework ........................................... 46 CHAPTER THREE: Reviewing Contemporary Housing Affordability Problems and Homelessness in Toronto, Canada............................................................................................. 5


The authors report the development and implementation of a scalable control program to control flow type atomic layer deposition (ALD) reactor with multiple precursor delivery lines. The program logic is written and tested in LABVIEW environment to control ALD reactor with four precursor delivery lines to deposit up to four layers of different materials in cyclic manner. The programming logic is conceived such that to facilitate scale up for depositing more layers with multiple precursors and scale down for using single layer with any one precursor in the ALD reactor. The program takes precursor and oxidizer exposure and purging times as input and controls the sequential opening and closing of the valves to facilitate the complex ALD process in cyclic manner. The program could be used to deposit materials from any single line or in tandem with other lines in any combination and in any sequence.


Escherichia coli serogroups were used as a means of tracing, and total and fecal coliform counts were utilized to determine the degree, location, and variations of, microbial pollution of water. In one area a lake served as a reservoir for the constant influx of coliform bacteria from two streams. Total and fecal coliforms increased from May through July, declined in August and September, and appeared subject to human and animal activity and weather. E. coli serogroups were traced upstream from the lake either via Paradise Creek or the Fish Hatchery, and through the Hatchery holding ponds to their spring water source. In the second study treated sewage effluent entering one of two branches of Spring Creek did not appear to furnish most of the total and fecal coliform bacteria as microbial pollution from other sources occurred. The E. coli serogroups isolated at the different sampling points were traced to their probable upstream source. The results of this study indicate that tracing microbial pollution by serologically identifying the E. coli strains is feasible.


A recent EUFIC qualitative study in five countries finds that food plays a much bigger role in consumers' lives than just to nourish and feed them. Food can mean wellness, for example enjoying one's food is often linked to comfort, relaxation and a positive attitude. It also shows that what people see as good for their health depends on their own perceptions, i.e. what makes them feel good, comforts them and leads to wellbeing.


Liver fibrosis was seen in most of different chronic liver diseases,further development,it could be the formation of liver cirrhosis,seriously affecting the health and life of the patients.Although modern medicine in the study of pathogenesis of liver fibrosis has made gratifying achievements,but etilogical treatment can not replace the anti fibrosis therapy for hepatic fibrosis,at present the medical community still failed to develop drugs for the treatment of satisfactory.Chinese medicine treatment has a better comprehensive curative effect in the reversal of liver fibrosis and early liver cirrhosis.This article has a discussion on the characteristics of yunqi in Yiwei year (2015) and liver fibrosis,exploring the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis,Yiwei year clinical manifestation,treatment,selection of drugs and health care and so on,in order to provide reference for comprehensive prevention and treatment for liver fibrosis in 2015.


In the last decade, the number of children that have been given an ADHD diagnose have nearly increased fifteen times in size. Despite being the most frequently diagnosed mental disorder in the world, ADHD is still being stigmatized and misunderstood in large parts of the modern society. Many parents whose children receive an ADHD diagnose seem to blame themselves by not raising their own children in a proper way, though knowing that ADHD is a medical condition which can't be perceived as a result from a bad environment.
This study investigates how to properly incite parents with a child diagnosed with an ADHD disorder to explore a mobile application. This application will contain a range of services, including a forum, which main objective is to clarify and inform the parents about their child's diagnose by supplying the newest research. Furthermore, the forums will contain several sub forums, in which parents can ask the community, general or specified questions with regard to ADHD.
During this report, we will give an explanation of what ADHD is, and through an in depth analysis of why the numbers of cases continue to increase.


The arboreal species Araucaria angustifolia is a gymnosperm that presents dominant character in the forest formations where it is found. Although it has an important ecological role in its ecosystem and the establishment of new afforestation, it is in the Official List of Endangered Species. This condition shows the importance of conservation units to protect it. This research aimed to analyze the phytosociology of the arboreal species Araucaria angustifolia from a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragment of the Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (Arie) of Buriti, located in the city of Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil. The multiple plot method was used to determine the sample area, which was represented by sixteen square plots (50 x 50 m), where data were collected for frequency, dominance and density of A. angustifolia . The target species had a relative density of 6.54%; absolute density of 1.0 ind ha; absolute frequency of 81.25% and absolute dominance of 0.38 m² ha.


Superstar playwright and actress Trey Anthony opens up to Spy Dénommé Welch about representation and identity in Canadian theatre, and shares her insights into the spiritual impact of storytelling.


A method of comprehensive decision-making of alternative transmission network planning based on AHP-GRA is proposed.Firstly,according to the evaluating indicators which impact decision-making of alternative transmission network planning,this method establishes a clear hierarchical structure,and calculates the weight value of indicators. Secondly,GRA is used to complete decision-making.This proposed method solves the problem of subjectivity in the selection of the weight value of evaluating indicators,and reduces the inaccuracy brought by mathematical calculation in the process of decision-making.The case results indicate that this method is reasonable and scientific.


(73) Assignee: REEN DNA. LLC, Lake Worth, A self-learning computer-based system for managing an advertisement, including: a memory element for at least one specially-programmed general purpose computer for storing: (21) Appl. No.: 12/500,171 an artificial intelligence program (AIP) and a plurality of 1-1. advertisements for at least one good or service offered by a (22) Filed: Jul. 9, 2009 first business entity; and an interface element for the at least Related U.S. Application Data one specially programmed general-purpose computer and a .S. App processor for the at least one specially programmed general (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 12/151,043, purpose computer for identifying a customer. The processor filed on May 2, 2008, which is a continuation of appli cation No. 1 1/983,679, filed on Nov. 9, 2007, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 09/993,228, filed on Nov. 14, 2001. is for selecting an advertisement from the plurality of adver tisements, using the AIP and the customer identification, and the interface element is for transmitting the selected adver tisement.


Hemoglobin H disease usually occurs as a result of inheritance of the genes for alpha thalassemia; however, occasionally patients acquire hemoglobin H in association with hematologic malignancy. This report concerns a 63‐year‐old Filipino man with a myeloproliferative syndrome with marked thrombo‐cytosis and apparently acquired hemoglobin H disease. The patient had hemolytic anemia, dimorphic red blood cells (RBC) and abundant ringed sideroblasts in the marrow. The peripheral blood contained 27% hemoglobin H and about two‐thirds of his RBC had hemoglobin H inclusion bodies. There was no previous history of anemia or evidence of thalassemia in two siblings or nine adult children of the patient. In vitro studies of globin chain synthesis documented markedly decreased production of alpha globin with α/β biosynthetic ratios of 0.05 in peripheral blood reticulocytes and 0.10 in bone marrow cells. The relative concentration of mRNA for alpha globin was approximately 20‐fold less than that of beta globin, apparently accounting for the deficiency in alpha globin synthesis.


The attached draft report of the February 8, 2012 Advisory Council Meeting on Ultrafine Particles: Measurement and Monitoring will be discussed with Air District staff and finalize the recommendations at its February 8, 2012 meeting.


ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of maternal and children's resources on school readiness, literacy achievements, and reading motivation in children. The participants included children (N = 180) (124 girls; 56 boys) from 19 kindergartens, their mothers, and their kindergarten teachers. Mothers reported on their working hours, interaction quality, and learning stimulation range at home. Data on children's literacy achievements and school readiness were gathered from the teachers. Data on reading motivation and task persistence were obtained directly from the children. Structural equation modelling analysis indicated that maternal working hours affect interaction quality, and the quality of maternal interaction affects children's reading motivation. Children's task persistence affects literacy achievement. Both maternal interaction quality and children's task persistence affect their readiness for school. The analysis also revealed association between the pre-academic skills. Maternal availability and children's reading motivation and persistence are critical factors in children's development of academic skills.


When erythroblastosis develops after birth either in the form of icterus gravis neonatorum, or of anaemia haemolytic neonatorum, the child has occasionally been saved by repeated injections of the blood of one or both parents. Of the three manifestations of erythroblastosis, cedema fcetalis appears to be the most, and anaemia haemolytica the least, severe, and it is in the latter therefore that blood injection should give the best results. In cedema fcetalis the child is almost invariably born dead and therefore blood injection would only avail if it could be started either before the changes in the fcetal blood began or at their very incipience. It is suggested that in a future case like ours the course we adopted might prove successful, for had the onset of the signs of pregnancy toxaemia and acute uterine enlargement occurred only a fortnight later than they actually did, we should have delivered a fcetus outwardly, at least, normal. The last point that may be raised is as to what advice should be given to parents who have produced one or more children presenting the features of erythroblastosis. It has been stated that once a woman has given birth to such an infant she will always do so, and the literature shows that this is usually the case. There is, however, one recorded instance in which a healthy child was born after the woman had given birth to several children, all of whom apparently died of icterus gravis neonatorum. "Always " is a word which medical men should be very chary of using. How to prevent the disease recurringf with successive pregnancies is at present beyond our knowledge, but the future may alter this. In advising the parents much would depend on the degree to which they desired a child and on the age of the woman. When (as in our case) the desire was strong and the woman young we think that the advice we gave is fair, namely, to wait six years before trying again. We are indebted to Dr. Gilmour, not only for the report upon the fcetus in our case, but for a resume of his findings in a research upon 14 other examples of hydrops fcetalis.


A case of replaced right hepatic artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery is presented with its segmental distribution and the morphometric features. The case was encountered in a 66-year-old formalin-fixed male cadaver during dissection for undergraduate lab education. Length and diameter of the replaced right hepatic artery were measured 63.10 mm and 3.6 mm, respectively. The replaced right hepatic artery coursed posterior to the portal vein initially, and then lateral to it. One of its branches entered into liver segments V and VIII, and the other entered into segments VI and VII. Left hepatic artery arose from the common hepatic artery and gave the middle hepatic artery 11.9 mm distal to its origin. Length and diameter of the middle hepatic artery were measured 30.2 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively. After giving a small branch to caudate lobe, the middle hepatic artery reached the quadrate lobe. The diameter and segmental distribution of replaced right hepatic artery was similar to the normal right hepatic artery described in earlier studies. The middle hepatic artery arose from the left hepatic artery at a substantial distance from the liver tissue in the presence of a replaced right hepatic artery. This is of clinical significance in liver transplantations as the arterial supply of segment IV is from the middle segmental artery. Keywords: liver; liver transplantation; replaced right hepatic artery; segmental distribution


Sullivan has demonstrated that quasi-self-similarity provides a useful point of view for the study of expanding dynamical systems. In (4, p. 57) he posed the question: Is the Hausdorff measure of a quasi-self-similar set positive and finite in its Hausdorff dimension? This paper answers both parts of this question. In §1 the positivity is established for compact sets, and a lower bound is given for their Hausdorff measure. However, in §2 the finiteness is disproved. In fact, a quasi-self-similar set is constructed for which the Hausdorff measure is actually er-infinite. 0. Definitions. Let X be a metric space with metric d. A set S C X is called fc-quasi-self-similar if every small piece of S can be uniformly expanded to a standard size and then mapped fc-quasi-isometrically back into S. More precisely: DEFINITION. A nonvoid set S C X is called k-quasi-self-similar if there is an ro > 0 such that, given any ball B with radius r < ro, there exists a map Eb of BnS into S such that


This paper mainly focuses on the comparison of electromagnetic performance of the superconducting permanent magnet (SCPM) generators with two topologies. The simulations are carried out using FEM and Matlab. The simulation results confirm that SCPM iron-cored stator topology generates much lower power loss with the penalty of higher harmonics and torque ripples.


A disk oxygenator (Björk-AGA HLM) with a moderate hemodilution prime and two bubble oygenators (Harvey H 800 and Galen Optiflo 42-201) with a clear fluid prime are compared in regard to their effect upon postoperative intellectual function as measured by psychometric tests. There was no difference between the two bubble oxygenators. There was a marked, statistically significant difference between the bubble oxygenators and the disk oxygenator, the disk oxygenator yields considerably worse results. The reason for this is obscure but probably lies in the different microembolic output. The literature, however is not consistent on this question. At the present time, only bubble oxygenators are used in our unit.


Rates of hydrolysis of 1-ethoxy-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentene and 1-methoxy-2,3,3,5,5-pentamethylcyclopentene measured in mineral acid and formic and acetic acid buffer solutions show general acid catalysis and give large kinetic isotope effects in the normal direction (kH/kD > 1). This indicates that these reactions proceed by the conventional mechanism for vinyl ether hydrolysis in which proton transfer from the catalyzing acid to the substrate is rate-determining, and that the I-strain in these substrates is insufficiently great to shift the reaction mechanism to rapidly reversible substrate protonation followed by rate-determining hydration of the ensuing cationic intermediate.


Abstract Prior research on regional differences in income levels has focused almost exclusively on market mechanisms that affect wages. This article argues that federal policy has had significant effects on changes in regional income inequality, and that these effects have rarely been analyzed. Since 1969, an increase in transfer payments and financial deregulation have increased the share of national income going to transfers and financial income. To show how these changes played out spatially, this article offers a decomposition of the difference in income growth between ten of the fastest-growing metropolitan regions and the United States as a whole, for the period 1969–2019. In most of the regions with the fastest income growth, financial and transfer income account for most of the difference in income growth rates between region and nation. Literature on regional income inequality would benefit from paying more attention to unearned income, and from engaging more fully with literature on financialization.


of certain recurring images, such as the star, which she sees as symbolizing the modern poets' simultaneous alienation from and transcendence of the world, arguing that these are wholly new associations (how would Lu Xun's circa 1903 "classical-style" line ji yi han xing quan bu cha ("entrusting my intentions to a cold star, the Fragrant One considers them not") fit into this?), focuses on imagistic fragmentation and discontinuity, and ends with an examination of the "circular form" (a poem which begins and ends with the same image or motif), showing how these all differ from the classical tradition. To her credit, Yeh eschews stylistic labels like the "Symbolists" and the "Metaphysical Poets," and deals in terms of individual poets and schools ("the "Crescent Poets," the "Misty Poets"). She also tries-quite successfully to limit concern with political divisions and concentrate on aesthetic continuities between the poetry of May Fourth and its aftermath and that of Taiwan and post-1978 mainland China. Still, a number of questions remain, at least in the mind of this reviewer: Did Huang Zunxian et al. really advocate "the use of spoken language in lieu of stilted classical diction" (p. 10) or were they merely calling for the introduction of new elements (such as vocabulary consistent with the modern world) into poetry written primarily in old forms? Can Hu Shi properly be called "the father of modern Chinese poetry" (p. 11) when his own contributions were so scanty? Yeh seems to think that the only formidable opposition to the xinshi came primarily from "the conservative literati represented by Lin Shu" and "such neoclassicists as Mei Guangdi (1890-1945), Hu Xiansu (1894-1968), and Wu Mi (1894-1978)" (p. 11). This is simply not the case (see Lu Xun's letter of 1 November 1934 to Dou Yinfu)-some important writers showed their dislike for the new poetry by refusing to participate in its creation or by abandoning it to return to the old forms. One wonders also about the wide following practitioners of the old verse such as Chen Sanli (1852-1937) continued to enjoy well into the 1930s and probably later in Taiwan (see the Shanghai Tian Xia Monthly, Vol. VI, No. 2, February 1938, pp. 134-143)-could it be that "modernity" can be found within the classical styles as well? Why does it have to be dependent on a linguistic medium and an aesthetic spirit defined in principally western terms? Finally, how do poets such as Zheng Chouyu (Taiwan) who borrow heavily on the classical tradition fit into this analysis? These questions aside, this book is both a tribute to all that has ever been great about modern Chinese poetry and to the dedication of its most discerning readers.


A bifunctional fusion protein composed of avelumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) human monoclonal antibody, bound to the soluble extracellular domain of human transforming growth factor beta (T GFbeta) receptor type II (T GFbetaRII), with potential antineoplastic and immune checkpoint modulating activities. Upon administration, the T GFbetaRII moiety of M7824 binds to and neutralizes T GFbeta while the avelumab moiety simultaneously binds to PD-L1. T his prevents T GFbetaand PD-L1-mediated signaling, and increases natural killer (NK) cell and cytotoxic T -lymphocyte (CT L) activities. T his inhibits tumor cell proliferation in susceptible tumor cells. T GFbeta and PD-L1 are both upregulated in certain types of cancers; their overexpression is associated with increased evasion of immune surveillance and contributes to poor prognosis. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


so hasty that I would not venture to question his verdict, were it not for the notorious difficulty in assigning with certainty a line of majuscule to a minuscule hand. And how can we believe that there were two copies of Sabinus' text in the scriptorium, one transcribed and one used for correction ? The presence of two ' subscriptions,' one at the beginning, the other at the end of a text, is, of course, a quite natural feature. We find it, for example, in Martial (see my Ancient Editions of Martial, Appendix B). In fact, we get from Martial's Xenia an instructive parallel. For the preliminary ' subscription ' stands at the beginning, not <juite of the book, but rather of the actual text, after the prefatory matter (i.e. after ' Epigram iii.'). It reads :


The introduction of the Internet as a new communications medium has given rise to the appearance of a high number of digital genres. Some of them simply reproduce genres existing in other media, but others borrow features from existing genres while taking advantage of the capabilities afforded by the Internet. Corporate home pages are a dominant genre on the Internet, used by companies to construct a positive image and to advertise their products.

Genre awareness generates certain expectation as to what prototypical instances of the genre contain, thus guiding writers in the production of any instance of the genre and helping readers to better comprehend and interact with the text. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the elements that are characteristic of corporate home pages and their function. The analysis of these elements is useful to characterise the genre of corporate home pages in terms of purpose, functionality, content and form.

The different elements that may occur in corporate home pages were classified into four groups according to their function: a) creating a positive image of the company; b) introducing and offering products; c) strengthening the relation with the customer; d) asking and giving information about the page itself. The results show that the corporate home page is a multi-purpose genre which shares some features with promotional genres existing in other media, but incorporates many new elements which exploit the connectivity and interactive features of the Internet.


The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected not only the somatic health of people but also their mental health and the organization of mental health care. Self-isolation, quarantine, extensive media coverage of the situation, a large amount of inaccurate information, and conflicting recommendations – all this has led to an increase in admission of patients who have not previously had mental illness to psychiatrists. As a confirmation of the influence of the above factors on the population's mental health, we present a case report of a 25-year-old patient who first came to a psychiatric clinic due to the obsessive-compulsive disorder that developed due to the pandemic.


Smart cars, with the emergence of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), are expected to generate huge volumes of data at rates that typical data management systems will not be able to handle. Such data can be extremely useful to both analytics and machine learning applications. This paper discusses and demonstrates the process of architecting and building a scalable data management system for the IoV in a smart city environment, using Apache Spark, Apache Kafka and Apache Cassandra, which results in a scalable, resilient and fault-tolerant data management system that facilitates performing big data analytics and scalable machine learning on IoV data.


Shunt active power filter (APF), as parallel part of unified power quality modulation (UPQC), has been proved as a flexible solution for compensating the harmonic distortion caused by nonlinear loads in power distribution power systems. Digital repetitive control can achieve zero steady-state tracking error of any periodic signal under the sampling points within one repetitive cycle that must be a specific integer. However, the compensation performances of the APF would be degradation when the grid frequency varies. In this paper, an improved repetitive control scheme with frequency adaptive capability is presented to track any periodic signal with variable grid frequency, and then the variable delay items caused by time-varying grid frequency are approximated with Pade approximants. Additionally, the stability criterion of proposed repetitive control scheme is given. A three-phase shunt APF experimental platform with proposed repetitive control scheme is built in our laboratory. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed repetitive control scheme.


In this paper, we propose a new approach for accelerated computation of the computer-generated hologram (CGH) of a 3-D object by using the N×N-point principle fringe patterns (PFPs)-based novel look-up table (N-LUT) method. Using the two-dimensional (2-D) run-length encoding (RLE) algorithm, redundant data of a 3-D object are extracted in image blocks and re-grouped into an N×N-point redundancy map depending on the block size. Basing on this redundancy map, the N×N-point PFPs are calculated, from which the CGH pattern of a 3-D object can be generated. With the block-based extraction of the redundant data and the N×N-point PFPs-based computation of the CGH pattern, the object points to be calculated could be significantly reduced, which results in a great increase in the computational speed. Experimental results show that for 3×3-point PFPs, the computational speed of the proposed method has been improved by 61.16% compared to the conventional N-LUT method.


Executive Summary Youth development programs (YDPs) are important policy tools for local and federal governments. Typically, sports form the centerpiece of these youth programs in inner-city poor communities. The hope is that sports participation mitigates school truancy and dropouts, juvenile violence, delinquency, and gang participation. Most studies of YDPs examine characteristics such as levels of engagement and time commitment, and simply assume that participation in "positive" activities decreases or eliminates engagement in other "negative" activities. The benefits of Midnight Basketball leagues have recently come under scrutiny after early reports crowned them a success. Studies suggest that the success of sport-based social interventions depend on the strength of its nonsport components. These components include: the development and use of local resources to nurture cultural and social niches; the creation of synergies and status associated with the activity; and the engagement of residents from different generations. Thus, customized YDPs can indeed have noticeable impacts if they involve more than simply the primary activity. I have coached youth basketball in Philadelphia for nearly a decade, and have spent the last two years as a basketball coach for a Riverside, California public high school. This report presents a case study on Philadelphia. Philadelphia is a good example of social organization that considers, and takes advantage of, its particular infrastructure. Basketball programs are effective because basketball matters in Philadelphia. There are plenty of adults who want to get involved and who know something about basketball. The case of Philadelphia highlights more general points and best practices for city-level YDPs. Put simply, a city or region needs to "use what it has, to get what it wants." This means knowing itself, realizing what it is good at or can be good at, identifying resources, and finding ways to involve its residents at different levels, and in varied roles to build successful YDPs.


The reduction of pure barium sulphate and of barytes to barium sulphide and soluble barium compounds has been carried out in an indirectly heated tube furnace using carbon as the reducing agent. Increasing the reduction temperature increases the yield of barium compounds. The best yield is obtained with a reduction period of 1–2 h at 850–1100°C, while excluding air during the reduction and subsequent cooling process.

The influence of ferric oxide and silica impurities on the yield of soluble barium products has been studied at a reduction temperature of 1000°C. Both reduce the yield of soluble barium products, ferric oxide having a much greater effect. The effect of these two impurities is not additive, silica minimizing the effect of ferric oxide.


Neutron total and scattering cross sections of elemental bismuth are measured to energies of approximately 4.5 MeV. The experimental results are used to deduce an optical-statistical model that is quantitatively descriptive of the measured values and of higher-energy results reported in the literature. The measured and calculated values, together with the body of information available in the literature, are utilized to derive a comprehensive evaluated nuclear data file in the ENDF format. This evaluation extends from 10/sup -5/ eV to 20 MeV, addresses neutron-induced and photon-emission processes, and is oriented toward the needs of fusion-fission-hybrid and electro-nuclear breeding applications. 4 figures, 1 table.


Purpose
The originality of the crowd cyber system lies in the fact that it possesses the intelligence of multiple groups including intelligence of people, intelligence of objects and intelligence of machines. However, quantitative analysis of the level of intelligence is not sufficient, due to many limitations, such as the unclear definition of intelligence and the inconformity of human intelligence quotient (IQ) test and artificial intelligence assessment methods. This paper aims to propose a new crowd intelligence measurement framework from the harmony of adaption and practice to measure intelligence in crowd network.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors draw on the ideas of traditional Confucianism, which sees intelligence from the dimensions of IQ and effectiveness. First, they clarify the related concepts of intelligence and give a new definition of crowd intelligence in the form of a set. Second, they propose four stages of the evolution of intelligence from low to high, and sort out the dilemma of intelligence measurement at the present stage. Third, they propose a framework for measuring crowd intelligence based on two dimensions.

Findings
The generalized IQ operator model is optimized, and a new IQ algorithm is proposed. Individuals with different IQs can have different relationships, such as cooperative, competitive, antagonistic and so on. The authors point out four representative forms of intelligence as well as its evolution stages.

Research limitations/implications
The authors, will use more rigorous mathematical symbols to represent the logical relationships between different individuals, and consider applying the measurement framework to a real-life situation to enrich the research on crowd intelligence in the further study.

Originality/value
Intelligence measurement is one of foundations of crowd science. This research lays the foundation for studying the interaction among human, machine and things from the perspective of crowd intelligence, which owns significant scientific value.


Small yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactis) is one of the key demersal species with high economic values and wide distribution in the China Seas. In this study, a Winter Fishing ground Abundance Index (WFAI) was developed by using fisheries survey data in 1971–1982 and used as the response variable to investigate the impacts of environmental variables, including surface current velocity (SCV), sea surface salinity (SSS), sea surface temperature (SST), and depth (DE). A total of 45 combinatorial generalized additive models (GAMs), generalized linear models (GLMs), and random forest models (RFs) were used to select the optimal WFAI prediction. The final WFAI distribution results showed that the winter fishing ground hotspots of small yellow croaker were mainly distributed between 11°C and 16°C isotherms and between 50-m and 100-m isobaths, and the area of winter fishing ground hotspots (WFHA) significantly decreased and the hotspots tended to move northward over the past 50 years. The shape of hotspots was strongly affected by temperature fronts and salinity fronts. Analysis with the climate indices revealed that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) might have a large influence on the distribution of small yellow croaker by affecting SST and SSS in the China Seas more than the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO), and Arctic Oscillation Index (AOI). The future prediction based on two extreme scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) indicated that the hotspots would obviously move northward. These findings will serve effectively the fishery resources monitoring, management, and evaluation of small yellow croaker in the China Seas.


The stabilizer is added into diesel fuel to restrain its deterioration and improve its invariability of storage. Only using the method, there are many patents in foreign inventions, especially represented by Co. ETHYL, Co.DUPONT and Co.EXXON in America. In the end of 1980s, decades kinds of similar additive come out, which are compounded of antioxidant, dispersant and metal passivation agent, sueh as MPA-D?EDA-2?FOA-11?14?15?4235?4301 etc. These stabilizer are used to improve the storage invariability of diesel fuel and to enhance the performance property of that, which is their common property. It is optimum method to enhance the invariability of diesel fuel using the stabilizer, because it is not only economical, but also no pollution. The type and survey of diesel fuel stabilizer were summarized in this paper.


A renormalization analysis is presented for a generalized Harper equation For values of the parameter ω having periodic continued fraction expansion, we construct the periodic orbits of the renormalization strange sets in function space that govern the fluctuations of the solutions of the generalized Harper equation in the strong-coupling limit λ → ∞. In so doing, we give a detailed analysis of the structure of the sets and the renormalization dynamics, including an analysis of the symmetry structure of the renormalization strange sets in terms of D3, the dihedral group of order 6.


Summary Performance studies of buffer caches have generally been done with write references ignored. In this study, we show that once we consider write references in buffer caches that include nonvolatile memory, the traditional hit ratio performance measure is no longer an accurate representation, and that the disk access ratio should be used. We also show that in regards to this measure, the MIN replacement algorithm is either non-optimal or non-applicable.


Introduction. In recent years, the introduction of social question and answer services and other Internet tools have expanded the ways in which people have their questions answered. There has been speculation and debate over whether such services and other Internet tools are replacing library virtual reference services. Method. Most previous research on the comparison between social question and answer services and virtual reference has been conducted from the perspectives of libraries or library users, and research based on social question and answer services users' viewpoints has not yet been explored. This study surveyed Yahoo! Answers users on their awareness, use, and evaluation of the social question and answer services site and virtual reference. Analysis. The survey data from multiple-choice questions, fill-in, and open-ended questions were analysed using SPSS for a quantitative summary. Results. The findings of this study show that social question and answer services and virtual reference have their own strengths and weaknesses in serving various user needs and in meeting the expectations of an online or virtual service, based on important user-identified considerations. Conclusions. The notion that social question and answer services will take over virtual reference is not supported. As they stand, virtual reference and social question and answer services have great potential for collaboration in meeting user information needs. The practical implications of the findings to virtual reference are also discussed.


The sheet metal deforming induced by laser shock peening is a new technique realized by laser induced shock wave on the surface of sheet metal.In this paper,the deforming experiments of LYI2CZ aluminum alloy was carried out under one laser peening.Numerical simulation of sheet metal deforming process was done with the ABAQUS software.Some influenced factors to the results of deforming contour and magnitude were discussed.By the means of FEM technique,the laser process parameters can be optimized and the deformation contour of laser peening forming of sheet metal be predicted.


The morphological, cultural and physiological characteristics of an inositol decomposing mutant strain of yeast was compared with its parent strain and two other inositol decomposing species. The results revealed that in several respects clear-cut differences with respect to nitrate reduction, fermentation of sugars, carbon source utilization as well as requirements for vitamins are observable in those that decompose inositol and those that do not. The  robable pathway of degradation of inositol by the mutant strain was followed by manometric experiments.


The article deals with optimal compaction criteria of road embankment soils improving, which provide their long-term strength. Physical experiment methodology for patterns establishment of water migration in subgrade embankment depth, in the capacity factors of what it is accepted: clay soil type (its number plasticity); moisture, at what the soil was compacted; soil skeleton density; embankment height; «rest» time after subgrade erection and before it's operation are developed and realized. By laboratory and field tests water migration patterns in compacted subgrade soils depth are established. As a result of statistical processing of laboratory and field research results, the empirical dependence of compacted clay soil stabilized moisture for their multilayer consolidation in relation to soil skeleton density and plasticity number values is obtained.


The emerging (Ultra Wide Band) UWB system offers a great potential for a design of high speed short range wireless communications which fully support high data streaming capacity. This can be achieved by exploiting both spatial and multipath diversity via the use of MIMO OFDM system and proper coding techniques. In this paper, MIMO-OFDM channel modeling for UWB communication system is proposed by applying the concept of decomposition of frequency selective fading channel into parallel flat fading channel in the frequency domain. The concept of decoupling of frequency selective channel into spatial domain by presenting SVD based approach is developed to decouple flat fading MIMO channels to orthogonal spatial channels. The SVD is combined with FFT based frequency domain decoupling to obtain UWB MIMO OFDM parallel channel model. The theoretical analysis can be implemented in high speed short range UWB communication systems by applying a rate selection technique based on channel condition. The channel capacity and BER are evaluated for diffrent modulation technique environments. The results show that the system capacity and BER of MIMO-OFDM for UWB communication system can be achieved by using ECC compared to without ECC..


By linking convex cooperative game to classical solution,a special character of classical solution of convex cooperative game was obtained.If a convex cooperative game can decompose as a difference of convex games,then the core of the game has a similar decomposition.


Abstract : In this chapter the theoretical framework for the development of time averaged governing equations for the problem of waves and currents in the nearshore zone is outlined. The development of the numerical circulation models in either the 'linear' or 'nonlinear' form is then described in Chapter III based on the theoretical framework. In general, the development of each model has been described in previous technical reports; the linear model in Birkemeier and Dalrymple (1976), and the nonlinear model in Ebersole and Dalrymple (1979). For this reason, some of the derivations and intermediate steps needed to develop the governing equations are not described in detail in the present report. The reader can refer to the previous work for missing details. However, both models now include the option of calculating wave energy decay due to interaction with the bottom, which has not been included in previous reports. The theory and implementation of this option is described in detail. (Author)


IgE Everywhere See article p. 2069 Double Block Bolsters CD8+ T Memory See article p. 2089 IL-33 Helps Crack Rotten Eggs See article p. 2140 Phosphatase Phools with Monocyte Migration See article p. 2168 DCs' Gut Instinct for HIV Infection See article p. 2415


Five definitions of peri‐procedural myocardial infarction (PMI) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are used in clinical trials; their clinical relevance in coronary bifurcation stenting remains unclear.


In view of the shortcomings of existing process of removing shell charge in terms of disposing various explosives and treating "three wastes" (waste gas, waste water and waste residues), this paper proposes an automatic integrated plant that can removing various shell charges by means of profiling drilling and dry ice jetting. It explains the concept and the major structural components of the system, which can be automatically controlled by Siemens PLCS7-200. The plant will be flexible for disposing different types of projectiles by changing the machinery and tools. Analysis shows that the automatic plant can empty various types of projectiles filled with different kinds of explosives efficiently and environment-friendly, and the recycled explosives and shells (empty) are good in quality.


* Introduction: How and Why * A Week of Music * Early Music Memories * Swinging at Exeter * Stravinsky and Woody Herman: College and the War Years * Meet Beethoven * Solving a Mystery * First Attempts * Beginning the Cello * Intermezzo * Playing and Learning * Apple Hill * Epilogue: Clearing a Space


Text Document Clustering has been a focused theme in Data Mining research for over a decade. This task pioneered copious publications in data mining conferences and journals. In spite of abundant literature and tremendous progress made on document clustering, still there exist several challenges for increasing clustering quality. Traditional document clustering algorithms use bag-of-words approach and thus concentrate on the syntax in a document, producing unsatisfactory clustering results. Semantic-based text document clustering concentrates on the computational semantics of the grammar in the document, rather. With about 3-4 years of substantial and fruitful research in applying semantics to document clustering, the current paper provides an overview of this flourshing field with an eye towards future avenues i.e., what more to be done in order to turn this technology a cornerstone approach in data mining text document applications. Keywords: Document Clustering, Bag-of-words Approach, Semantic Document Clustering, Special Requirements, Semantic Similarity Measures.


Bachelor's thesis deals with the introduction of forced administration in a commercial bank. They explained it in various activities of the Bank, the significance of the bank in the financial sector and the reasons why sequestration occurs. Chapters describe how to administration runs from the findings of deficiencies in the activities of commercial banks National Bank of Slovakia, after the closure of banks. In the first chapter to get familiar with the legislation and the commercial bank granted a banking license. The second chapter focuses on the introduction of receivership in a commercial bank. The final third chapter is devoted to the problem of withdrawal of banking license to operate as a bank license. The aim of this work is to analyze the activities of commercial banks during the receivership and detailed account of selected cases and examples of tunneling commercial banks in Slovakia.


Most men and nearly all women have non-defective colour vision, as measured by standard colour tests such as those of Ishihara and Farns-worth. But people vary, according to gender, race and age in their performance in matching experiments. For example, when subjects are shown a screen, one half of which is lit by a mixture of red and green lights and the other by yellow or orange light, and they are asked to adjust the mixture of lights so as to make the two halves of the screen match in colour, they disagree about the location of the match. Where one male subject sees the two sides of the screen as being the same in colour, another female subject may see one side as a little redder or greener. And there are corresponding differences with age and race. These differences also come out when subjects are shown Munsell chips of minimally different colour. Where one subject, John, sees chip 527 as pure blue – blue not tinged with any other colour – another subject, Jane, sees it as slightly greenish blue. How can this be? How can the chip look pure blue, or true blue, as I shall call it, to John and slightly greenish blue to Jane? On the face of it, at least one of the subjects must have an inaccurate colour experience; for intuitively the Munsell chip cannot be both true blue and greenish blue. But that, it has been suggested (Block 1999), just isn't plausible: there is no privileged class of normal perceivers. To say that the men track true blue accurately and the women do not is sex-ist. To prefer the young to the old is ageist. To suppose whites get it right and blacks do not is racist. This problem is sometimes posed as a problem for colour objectivism of a physicalist sort (Hardin 1988; Cohen 2006a, 2006b) or for repre-sentationalism about the phenomenal character of colour experience (Block 1999). But the problem is more general than that. Those who respond to the problem by adopting a view of colours as powers to produce colour experiences so that the chip is both true blue for John (in that it is disposed in the given standard lighting conditions to produce in John a true blue experience) and blue tinged with green for Jane (in that it is disposed in the given lighting conditions to produce …


The authors demonstrate that the paradigm of frustrated absorption in x-ray pulses generated by x-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) can break down at extremely high intensity. The results are of relevance for the design and the interpretation of XFEL experiments, especially when terawatt-attosecond XFEL pulses are practical.


Ethnobotanical studies record plant resources of a given community as well as ways of use and manage these resources by the same communities. Despite their importance, there are few published ethnobotanical studies about Angolan rural communities and their plant resources, thus there is the need to undertake such studies. The aim of the present study was to undertake an ethnobotanical survey of the cassava cultivate in the rural communities of Ebo, Cuanza Sul province. A sample size of 50 smallholder farmers was selected to answered to a questionnaire about the cassava species they cultivate, their farming practices and the end-use of the edible plant parts in addition to socioeconomic aspects. Farmers were visited in their houses and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. The results indicated that cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most cultivated plant species, whereby up to 7 different local varieties are usually cultivated in less than 5 hectares per household, among which the bitter cassava was the most cited. These local varieties have been kept for decades because they are well adapted to the soils and produce satisfactory yields. Besides organic fertilizers, no mineral fertilizers nor pesticides are used for cultivation of cassava. Leaves and tuber (fruit) are the most consumed plant parts, and the highest income is obtained by transforming the fruit into flour. There is the potential for a certified organic production system with premium prices and development of a local supply chain with a wider consumer market because consumption of cassava in Angola is irrespective of gender and age.


The aim of the current study is to research and analyze Mathematical model for research and analyze of relations and functions between enterprises, members of cluster, and its approbation in given cluster. Subject of the study are theoretical mechanisms for the definition of mathematical models for research and analyze of relations and functions between enterprises, members of cluster. Object of the study are production enterprises, members of cluster.Results of this study show that described theoretical mathematical model is applicable for research and analyze of functions and relations between enterprises, members of cluster from different industrial sectors. This circumstance creates alternatives for election of cluster, where is experimented this model for interaction improvement between enterprises, members of cluster.


Introduction: Housing has always been a source of stress for people in Hong Kong (HK), especially to those living in sub-optimal settings. About 210,000 people are forced to live in subdivided flats in HK. Most of these flats cannot meet health standards set by the UN even for prisoners, in terms of the floor space, climatic conditions, lighting, air quality, and ventilation. Fire and public safety equipment are lacking. Most believed that the substandard environment has a negative impact on one's mental health. Aim: To investigate how the living condition in a subdivided flat affects a person's mental health. Methods: 104 households living in the subdivided flats in Kwai Tsing, one of the 18 Districts of HK, were surveyed by HKJCDPRI's Collaborating Partner, HKSKH Lady MacLehose Centre in February 2017; while a follow-up study with purposive sampling was conducted in October 2017 to interview 10 households on their mental health status. A mixed Methods was used combining the quantitative Results of the WHO Quality of Life-BREF scale and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21, and qualitative Results of face-to-face interviews. Results: 80% of 104 households surveyed suffered from mental distress. The follow-up study revealed that seven of them displayed signs of depression and/or anxiety, while two were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Distress is proven to associate with the environmental and health risks, including fire and disease outbreak, as well as chronic issues resulting from poor indoor air quality and extreme weather. Discussion: Low level of perception and preparedness among HK people is making these public health risks more apparent. The already desperate housing and land policy don't seem to offer any help in the near future. Public educations efforts need tremendous enhancement, to engage, mobilize and empower individuals and communities, to actively plan and prepare for future shocks.


To satisfy the requirements for finer resolution in automotive industry, in this paper, a realistic mini-SAR system is presented. Which is a vehicle-mounted SAR system utilizing a low cost short range Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar. The components of the whole system are introduced in detail firstly, including the radar RF board and the robot mobile platform. Furthermore, the imaging geometry of system has been analyzed. In which the specific problems that cannot be ignored in systematic designing and signal processing are discussed. After that, based on the analysis, the system parameters are designed and the field experiments is carried out. The high-resolution imaging result of experiments is demonstrated and validate the automotive SAR system we set up.


This paper presents the design of intelligent moving machine control system using a real time speech recognition. The proposed moving machine control system is composed of four separated module, which are main control module, speech recognition module, servo motor driving module and sensor module. In main control module with microprocessor(80C196KC), one part of the artificial intelligences, fuzzy logic, was applied to the proposed intelligent control system. In order to improve the non-linear characteristic which depend on an user`s weight and variable environment, encoder attached to the servo motors was used for feedback control. The proposed system is tested using 9 words lot control of the mobile robot, and the performance of a mobile robot using voice and joystick command is also evaluated.


Aqueous extract of pineapple (Bromelain) is used in medicine. Bromelain has anticancer effect on leukemia, lymphoma, sarcoma and melanoma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anticancer effect of bromelain on mouse breast cancer (4T1) cells under in-vitro conditions. Methods: Mouse breast cancer (4T1) cells were incubated with different concentrations of the bromelain for 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The growth-inhibitory was investigated via 3 (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide (MTT) assay. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the difference between the experimental and control groups. Findings: Bromelain significantly inhibited proliferation of 4T1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In all concentrations, cell viability decreased with respect to the control incubated cells in the absence of extract (P < 0.05). Bromelain exerted highest antiproliferative effects on 4T1 cells for concentrations of 100, 200, 300, 400 and 600 µg/ml (P < 0.05) for 24, 48 and 72 hours, while cell viability increased for times shorter than 2 hours. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 142.6 g/ml was obtained from treating 4T1 cells. Conclusion: Results showed that bromelain has cytotoxic effects on the growth and proliferation of 4T1 cells for 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation. This study is ongoing to assess the extract mechanism of action.


list of gluten-free over-the-counter pharmaceutical products. The Australian Council of Coeliac Societies is currently reviewing pharmaceutical products, and has appreciated the continuing cooperation of the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. A simple test-kit to measure the gluten content of raw and cooked foods, including foods that are purported to be "gluten-free", is under development by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization.s-' and is available for production and export by Australian industry. John H. Skerritt, PhD Research Scientist Cotin W. Wrigley, PhD Officer-in-Charge CSIRO Wheat Research Unit Delhi Road. North Ryde, NSW 2113 WarwickWilkinson, FPS President, Australian Council of Coeliac Societies PO Box 271, Wahroonga, NSW 2076 Justin T. La Brooy, FRACP Senior Lecturer in Medicine Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 I. Challen RG, O'Shannassy RM. Gluten content of Australian pharmaceutical products. Med J Aust 1987; 146: 91-93. 2. Skerritt JH. Detection and quantitation of cereal protein in foods using specific enzyme-linked monoclonal antibodies. Food Tech Aust 1985; 37: 570-572. 3. Skerritt JH. A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based test for gluten detection. Quantitative immunoassay. J Sci Food Agric 1985; 36: 987-994.


Objectives:  Cerebrovascular hypoxia results in severe impairment and electrical dysfunction of cortical and thalamic neuronal networks. Typically cellular electrical activity returns if reoxygenation is established within 5–8 min. Electrical stimulation has been shown to reduce cellular apoptosis following cerebral hypoxia in animal models and clinical case reports. In this study, we wanted to analyze the electrophysiological repercussions of electrical stimulation on recovery of spontaneous thalamocortical oscillations (TCOs) following hypoxia in a thalamocortical slice preparation.


The prompt: proliferation. I immediately thought of pack rats, pirates, archives, urbanism, interface. I thought I'd write something incisive about the confluence of Scandinavian crime drama and the emergence of the pirate party in the context of global networked culture; I imagined what the digital world of the Collyer brothers, the original hoarders, would look like if their one hundred and forty tons of ephemera was on portable hard drives; I thought maybe I'd be a provocateur and challenge you all to embrace the term "data" over the term "text." But it didn't take long for me to land on a concept I work with frequently—space and place—and to think about the ways that a term like proliferation always implies a certain wanton cluttering or filling up of space and something of a crisis of its limits. If ideas, text, data, capital itself keep proliferating, then the visceral feeling is that we'll all be surrounded, suffocated, drowned. I want to challenge us to think differently about space, to see space not just as something that is filled up but as something produced, layered, inhabited, experienced. Proliferation also incents us to rewrite space—to reclaim it through its narration and augmentation. As Foucault argued, attending to space foregrounds that we are in "an epoch of simultaneity The Space of Simultaneity


A 12 S globulin was isolated from each of the two species of rapeseed (B. napus L. and B. campestris L.) and they have been shown to be similar in terms of amino acid composition, amino terminal amino acids, number of subfractions, and carbohydrate content. One of the major proteins, a glycoprotein, present in each of the 12 S aggregates, was isolated and purified. Its amino acid composition, carbohydrate content, N-terminal amino acids, and sedimentation coefficient are reported herein.


The effect of horizontal refraction (HR) on DOA estimation with a single vector hydrophone is studied. It has been demonstrated in a previous study that HR may bring about a significant deviation between the true bearing of the source and the direction of time-averaged sound flux at the receiver point, i.e., DOA estimation error. [J. Tang et al., 2018, 43(2), ACTA ACUSTICA (in Chinese)]. In the present work, the DOA estimation error in a more realistic scenario is studied, more precisely, source signals are considered to be wide-band instead of time-harmonic, and meanwhile ambient noise is added to the received signal. The ocean waveguide used in simulations is a 3D version of the standard ASA wedge, which implies that the HR considered in this work is raised from multiple reflections between a horizontal sea surface and a sloping sea bottom. The results of this work shall offer some reference to DOA estimation in circumstances with strong HR effects.


The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are exposed to different kind of risks, which should be measured, identified, and controlled. Currently, different risk measures are used for finance, operation and management strategies. Therefore, a model able to identify and analyze different kind of risks is required for the enterprise. Then the evaluation and treatment of this risk should be done. One of the most popular and successful model used for studying enterprise risk is logit. In this paper, a model for risk identification in Mexican SMEs is presented. Qualitative and quantitative variables in a logit method are applied by performing a diagnosis using a Likert scale for evaluating enterprise's areas. Besides, financial ratios are also included and relevant variables were obtained using a hypothesis test. This model is designed for different kind of SMEs, and its application depends on the variables that are evaluated. A practical example shows the benefits of significant variables that predict risk.


Generating realistic and aesthetic pieces is one of the most exciting tasks in the field. We present in this demo paper a new neural music generation model we recently proposed, called MuseGAN. We exploit the potential of applying generative adversarial networks (GANs) to generate multi-track pop/rock music of four bars, using convolutions in both the generators and the discriminators. Moreover, we propose an efficient approach for pre-processing symbolic data and share the data with the community. Our model can generate music either from scratch, or by following (accompanying) a track given by user.


There are few Christian moralists writing today with whom it is ! more rewarding to engage than with John Finnis. He has brought to moral-theological discussion, not always noted for the rigour of its proceedings, a demanding level of rational argument and a fruitful cross-fertilisation with contemporary jurisprudence and philosophy. He has stood for a tough-minded conservative Catholic morality, but has usually subordinated the contentious special issues (abortion, contraception etc.) to the task of defining a moral theory, with the aid of which he has sustained a relentless polemic against the school of Catholic'proportionalists' which formed the new wave in the decade immediately following the Second Vatican Council. Working in close accord with his American friend Germain Grisez and other sympathetic collaborators, he has helped to propound a comprehensive theory of moral value and decision that has become the hallmark of a new


On the basis of discussing structure of database server,design of FTMEDB server work pattern was designed,according to FTMEDB systematic plan of design of structure.Under the work pattern designed,connection way to provide server and customer.And the application server system structure selected by FTMEDB system was concisely explained.


The Na/H exchangers (NHEs) are a group of ion transporter proteins with an essential role in regulation of cytoplasmic and organellar pH and cell volume. NHEs are well-known for their roles in human physiology and disease via regulation of systemic acid-base and volume homeostasis. This Research Topic provided a comprehensive update on NHE research subjects and view of directions the field is moving in the future. These goals were achieved by attracting expert contributors who have given a prospective on how recent data have supported early findings on the exchanger mechanisms of function and highlighted how the new research has enriched the understanding of the exchanger function in key physiological processes, development of disease states and as potential intervention target. NHEs are classified into the SLC9 gene family. Three subgroups are proposed as part of the gene family: SLC9A subfamily of nine members, SLC9B subfamily of two members, and SLC9C subfamily of twomembers as well. Out of 8 articles (2 original research reports and 6 review articles by 36 authors), seven focused on research about the SLC9A subfamily, while the article from Anderegg et al. provided a comprehensive summary on the SLC9B subfamily. The authors carefully reviewed structure, function, and regulation of members of this much less known subfamily and concluded their article with a view on the role of the SLC9B subfamily as regulators of intracellular vesicular transport of electrolytes. An interesting point of discussion raised by Anderegg et al. is about future directions in the research area and the need of an understanding of functional redundancy between members of the SLC9B subfamily and endosomal NHEs, which would benefit from the overcome of methodological constraints such as availability of specific inhibitors and antibodies. OPEN ACCESS


Structure from motion (SFM) and ground plane homography estimation are critical to autonomous driving and other robotics applications. Recently, much progress has been made in using deep neural networks for SFM and homography estimation respectively. However, directly applying existing methods for ground plane homography estimation may fail because the road is often a small part of the scene. Besides, the performances of deep SFM approaches are still inferior to traditional methods. In this paper, we propose a method that learns to solve both problems in an end-to-end manner, improving performance on both. The proposed networks consist of a Depth-CNN, a Pose-CNN and a Ground-CNN. The Depth-CNN and Pose-CNN estimate dense depth map and ego-motion respectively, solving SFM, while the Pose-CNN and Ground-CNN followed by a homography layer solve the ground plane estimation problem. By enforcing coherency between SFM and homography estimation results, the whole network can be trained end to end using photometric loss and homography loss without any groundtruth except the road segmentation provided by an off-the-shelf segmenter. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on KITTI benchmark to demonstrate promising results compared with various state-of-the-art approaches.


Overview: This seminar will focus on the discussion of web mapping technology, social media, big data, and their impacts and implications for our society and GIScience. The seminar class will provide a comprehensive literature review covering recent advancement of web mapping technology (ArcGIS Online, Google Map APIs, OpenStreetMap, etc.) and social media applications (Twitter, Facebook, Flickr, Youtube) along with related mobile and location-based services (LBS) (Foursquare, Facebook Place, Yelp, etc.). Through reading journal articles, book chapters, websites, and in-class discussions, students will be able to identify the key research questions and challenges related to web mapping, social media, and big data. Students can utilize the smart classroom (SH324) to demonstrate various web applications and social media tools. Each student will lead one topic discussion and two technical demonstrations during the semester. At the end of the semester, students will create a final research project proposal or write a technical white paper. Each student should make a final presentation for their white paper or research proposal at the final date.


Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disorder associated with various comorbid conditions. Here, we assessed the burden of comorbidity in patients with SLE in Egypt using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and determined its association with the disease characteristics. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, data of patients with SLE in Egypt were collected from the medical records. This included demographic data, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, and baseline SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) scores at the last visit. The CCI score was calculated for each patient. The data of deceased patients were also collected. Results: Overall, 152 patients were included in this study. The most common comorbidities excluded from the CCI were serious infections (27%) and hypertension (23%); the most common comorbidities included in the CCI, apart from the connective tissue disease, were moderate or severe renal disease (12.5%), peptic ulcer (9.9%), and diabetes mellitus (9.9%) without end-organ damage. The mean CCI score was 1.9 and was significantly correlated with the disease duration, SLEDAI, and SDI. The death rate was 7.9%; the most common cause of death was infection (50%). Death was significantly associated with a high score of SLEDAI, SDI, and CCI. The mortality rate was higher in patients with SLE along with hypertension, renal affection, hyperlipidemia, infection, and tumors (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with SLE in Egypt experienced comorbidities and high CCI scores that affected their survival.


This paper focuses on the Changes of Dang-nae and village
using land-book and land-register.
There are a couple of reasons for breaking hierarchy of village.
From the study, the conclusions are as follows : 1) The change
 of Dang-nae(당내) causes the loss of direct belonging with
Chong-Ka(종가), making each house independent. 2) Divisions of
 site, changes of land-category and changes of land-ownership,
 also cause the breakage.


The unofficial-style Confucian Classics is as to the official-style Confucian Classics.The official-style Confucian Classics is the main status in the studying Confucian classics of the Han Dynasty,has very high political treatment and get greater development.The unofficial-style Confucian Classics,which has been in the category learning privately all the time,with solid academic foundation and independent academic spirit,inherit the peace and prosperity ideal and morals sentiment of Confucianists of the pre-Qin period times.These are very valuable in the end of West Han Dynasty when the official-style Confucian Classics get gradual complex and decline.Some the unofficial-style Confucian Classicists would not in silent and bravely proposed the demand of academy and politics,and initiate the struggle between the official and unofficial Confucian classics in the Han dynasty.


In this paper, we propose a novel iterative algorithm based on convex approximation for a large class of possibly nonconvex optimization problems. The stationary points of the original problem are found by solving a sequence of successively refined approximate problems. To achieve convergence, the approximate problem only needs to be pseudo-convex while the stepsizes are determined by the exact or successive line search. The proposed method not only includes as special cases a variety of existing methods, for example, the gradient projection method and the Jacobi algorithm, but also leads to new algorithms which enjoy easier implementation and faster convergence speed, as illustrated (both theoretically and numerically) by the example application of the sum capacity computation problem of the MIMO broadcast channel.


The main reason for using alternative fuels in compression ignition engine is that the consumption and demand of petroleum products are increasing every year due to urbanization, increase in vehicular density and power requirement is going up and to reduce emission produced by today's diesel engine, which in turns require a clean burning fuel that perform well under the variety of operating conditions. A preliminary literature review suggests that smoke and NOx can be reduced by adding additives with diesel fuel. In this investigation Ethanol and Nitromethane was used as an additive to improve the performance and emission characteristic of a compression ignition engine. The performance and emission characteristics of an engine run on diesel at compression ratio 17.5:1 were evaluated and compared with engine operating on, E-NM2-Diesel(9.8%+.2%+90%). The graph plotted for performance (BTE and BSFC).


Diffusion is the ruling manner of the migration of ions through a nanochannel. Fick's law and its derivatives are used as the basis for diffusion mathematical modeling. In this study, a simple principle for the detection of the diffusivity of nanoparticles in a nanochannel based on the Fick's first law is proposed. The diffusivity in a nanochannel can be estimated by simply plotting the natural logarithmic value of the electrolyte conductance difference across the nanochannel versus time and calculating its slope. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed nanochannel diffusivity measuring scheme.


This session will concentrate on computing people and how they have been affected by the decade of the 1970's. The decade began on a sour note. In 1970 the Aerospace industry was coming down from a high, a recession was afoot in the land, and the Los Angeles Chapter of ACM conducted a seminar to help the displaced programmer. Since then our economy has followed a rocky course, with peaks and valleys in the Gross National Product. Indeed, economics dominated the news in the 1970's. But computer people fared better than others. A growing shortage of qualified staff exerted upward pressure on salaries. The Federal restrictions on merit increases made it difficult for experienced programmers to keep up with new hires. This is just one dilemma faced by systems managers in the decade of the 1970's.


- The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between charismatic leadership, employee personality, and employee performance in PT. Karya Abadi Luhur. The study population was 152 employees and the sample was 111 employees. Collecting data for each variable studied using a questionnaire with a rating scale. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistical analysis techniques and inferential statistical analysis techniques. The results showed: (a) There is a positive and significant relationship between charismatic leadership and employee performance with the correlation coefficient ry.1 = 0.528 with moderate relationship strength and the regression equation Ŷ = 83.547 + 0.443X1. Charismatic leadership contribution to employee performance is 27.9%, (b) There is a significant positive relationship between personality and employee performance with a correlation coefficient of ry.2 = 0.713 with a strong relationship strength and the regression equation Ŷ = 64.022 + 1.504X2. Personality contribution to employee performance is 50.8%, and (c) There is a significant positive relationship between charismatic leadership and personality together with employee performance with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.770 with a strong relationship strength and the regression equation Ŷ = 64.597 + 0.263X1 + 1.267X2. The contribution of charismatic leadership and personality together to employee performance is 59.3%.


The telomerization of butadiene with several alcohols in supercritical CO2 is achieved, however, the conversion is low and mixtures of products are obtained.


The publication of the report from the MLA Task Force on Evaluating Scholarship for Tenure and Promotion provoked a range of responses, but none so vehement as those to our recommendation that departments consider alternatives to the monograph as the gold standard in tenure cases. It was possible for some to read the recommendation of the task force as a devaluation of the monograph in favor of a lower standard for tenure. Although the task force was perceived rightly as challenging what has been called the tyranny of the monograph or its fetishization in con texts of review (the subject addressed by my colleague Donald Hall in this issue of Profession), it was by no means our intention to recommend that standards for tenure be lowered. The premise of that perhaps inevitable misunderstanding is that there can be no accomplishment higher than a published book and that the prevalence of the demand for a monograph in tenure reviews is in fact an indication of rising standards in scholarship. In truth, it is not immediately evident why the dominance of the monographic form is a bad thing. But in analyzing the monograph phe nomenon, we on the task force had to not only look at the inherent value of the monograph form but also attempt to identify and assess the full im plications of the monograph's domination for the entire system of evalu ation?from the admission of graduate students to tenure and posttenure merit reviews. Realizing in the end that we had strong reservations about


Research Summary: Mandatory and pro-arrest policies in domestic violence incidents have increased strains on prosecutorial and court resources. They have also brought to prosecutors many cases in which victims never wanted batterers charged and prosecuted. Prosecutors are faced with the dilemma of (a) screening out difficult cases up front and expending resources on fewer but more winnable case or (b) prosecuting a larger number of cases as adequately as resources will allow. We studied a natural experiment that resulted when the Milwaukee prosecutor liberalized his screening policy to double the number of domestic violence case filings. After the new screening policy was implemented, time to disposition doubled, convictions decreased, the prevalence of pretrial crime increased, and victim satisfaction declined.

Policy Implications: The results do not support the idea that domestic violence cases can be readily prosecuted without regard for victim desires. To commit to such a policy would require a substantial commitment of additional staff, resources to collect additional types of evidence, and a willingness to try a substantially larger number of cases.


Objective:To compare differences between Xiayuxue decoction and its ingredients recipe in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis.Method:Rat liver fibrosis model was duplicated with intraperitoneal injection of porcine serum.After 8 weeks of modeling,Xiayuxue decoction and its ingredients were administrated for 4 weeks,and at the end of 12 weeks,rats were sacrificed to obtain samples for determination of liver function and examination of liver histology.Result:Compared with model group,improvement in liver function and liver pathology were found in Xiayuxue diction group;Liver function and histology in Xiayuxue dection group was superior to that in its ingredients recipe group.Conclusion:The main action mechanism of Xiayuxue decoction and its ingredients recipe against liver fibrosis is in inhibiting immune response and protecting liver cells,and Xiayuxue decoction is superior to its ingredient recipe.


In This work recognition tasks and images identification of the person's palm are represented. The vector of attributes, which is invariant concerning turn of the image and its linear-parallel transfer for recognition of the palm image is determined. As recognition algorithm was used algorithm based on estimation calculation.


Green IT is a resource efficient and effective consumption to reduce organizations processes impacts to the environment using information technology. This article aims to explore GIT practices of higher education institutions in the Philippines, where a qualitative multiple-case study is used. The study found that higher education institutions Green IT adoption covers the use of paperless and digital archiving systems, resource efficient IT equipment, responsible electronic waste disposal, recycling and reuse, and initiated awareness programs to educate the employees about Green IT and sustainability. The study also found that these practices are in its early stage of adoption in higher education institutions in the Philippines. This article also presents practical and research implications to further the uptake of Green IT in higher education institutions.


SIGIM and BDIL of Isa 1:25 are interpreted as type of lead deposited at various levels of the smelting of the lead ore known as "galena" which was the chief way in the ancient East of extracting silver. KABOR on the basis of parallel passages refers to the "sifting," the repeated purification of the sigim. Other passages containing thes e terms e.g. Prov. 26:23, Jer. 6:29– 30 are similarly illumined. (Heb.)


Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global problem, particularly in developing countries. Cho Ray is one of the first hospitals in Vietnam to implement an antimicrobial stewardship program. We present the results of this program here, after two years of implementation. Objectives: To determine the compliance rate of hospital antibiotic guidelines, the cost savings of antibiotic usage and the incidence of hospital acquired infection. Materials and methods: A prospective, longitudinal study was done from January 2016 through December 2016. All inpatients prescribed antibiotics during their treatment were enrolled. Results: 2,472 medical records were audited, of which 1,664 comprised instances of antibiotic treatment, and 808 comprised instances of antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery. The compliance rate to the hospital antibiotic guideline was 77.5%, an increase of 14.5% compared with 2015 (p<0.05). The overall treatment response rate was 87.7%. The antibiotic cost was 17.2% of the total pharmaceutical budget, reduced by 1.3% compared with 2015 (p<0.05). The hospital infection incidence was 2.9%, and the hospital infection rate per 1,000 patient-days was 1.8%, while the surgical site infection rate was 4.0%. Conclusions: The Antibiotic Stewardship Program at Cho Ray hospital has shown initially promising results. The hospital antibiotic compliance rate increased by 14.5%, and the antibiotic cost was reduced by 1.3%, compared with 2015. The treatment response rate remained the same, and rates of hospital infection did not increase, compared with previous years. Correspondence to: Nguyen Truong Son, Director of Cho Ray hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, President of Antimicrobial Stewardship Program at Cho Ray hospital, Vietnam, Tel: +84989108268; E-mail: email@example.com


Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MHP) infection occurs globally and contributes to economic losses. Acute infections occur in immunologically naive populations affecting pigs of all ages and causing clinical signs including fever, coughing, acute respiratory distress, and death. An acute MHP infection was investigated in a naive 4200-sow breed-to-wean herd. An increase in sow mortality (4.16%, 8.33%, and 3.89%) and preweaning mortality (10.45%, 12.38%, and 12.06%) occurred when comparing the naive, acute infection, and post-infection periods, respectively. Further production differences included 166.3, 158.3, and 164.2 kg weaned/sow/year and 29.43, 28.35, and 28.28 pigs weaned/mated female/year in naive, acute infection, and post-infection periods, respectively.


This research aims to examine the effect of audit structure, role
ambiguity and role conflict on performance auditor. This study used a sample of
50 employees at the Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan In Palangkaraya. The main
variable in this study are the audit structure, role conflict and role ambiguity.
Testing of this hypothesis used multiple regression analysis. The unclear role and
audit structure has a significant influence on the performance of auditors at the
Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan In Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, while the
hypothesis testing results that role conflict has no significant influence on the
performance of auditors.


In the United States the free school system is administered directly and indirectly largely through Boards of Education, and there is little likelihood that schools will be otherwise administered in the near future. We recently suggested the following questions in which members of city Boards of Education are more or less interested and with the questions we here present the replies:. I. Do you think there is a tendency to leave the internal affairs of the schools more or less to the superintendent? 2. To give the superintendent more or less voice in the choice of teachers and in their removal? 3. To give the superintendent more or less voice in the selection of textbooks? 4. Is there more or less t tendency toward dictation of the school policy by persons or parties in the community who are not primarily educational in their interests? 5. Are the tendencies suggested in questions 1 to 4 helpful or harmful in their influence? 6. What would be a good size for a Board of Education in a city of less than 100,000 population? 7. In a city from 100,000 to 500,000? s, In a city above 5oo,ooo? 9. Is it better to have the Board of Education appointed or elected? 10. If appointed, by whom should it be appointed? 11. Should members of Boards of Education serve indefinitely unless recalled by popular vote? 12. If not, what is a good length of term? 13. Should a Board be of an even or an odd number of members? • 14. Should there be any members ex-officio? If so, who? 15. Do vou think a Board of Education should have the entire charge of the use of moneys for the schools? 16. Should the Board of Education determine how' much shall be raised? 17, In what respects should the superintendent be entirely independent of the B~ard of Education? 1~. In what respects should the superintendent have the initiative and the Board of Education the final word! 19. Should the superintendent be on tenure? If he is to be on tenure, how long should he serve on trial before he is on tenure? 20, If not on tenure, for how long a term should he be elected? 21. In what respects should principals and teachers not be allowed to go over the head of the superintendent to members of the Board of Education? 22. To what extent should principals have a voice in the choice and dismissal of teachers? 23. To what extent should principals be consulted in the selection or dismissal of the superintendent? 24, To what extent should teachers be consulted in the choice or dismissal of the principal of their school? 25. To what extent should teachers be consulted in the choice or dismissal of the superintendent? 26. To what extent should teachers and principals be consulted in the selection of textbooks? Editor.


Electrohydrodynamic ionization mass spectrometry is applied to the analysis to the analysis of one pyrimidine, two purines, one nucleoside and four nucleotides using glycerol as the solvent and hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte. Ions characteristic of the samples are observed. Hydrolyzed products are seen in the nucleoside and a nucleotide, but sample ion fragmentation is not observed. The role of the acid to aid sample dissolution and ionization will be discussed. The previously reported ion beam instability with an HCI electrolyte is found to be due to a low ion concentration in solution. The problem can be overcome by using a mixed LiI/HCI electrolyte. Lithium iodide has been used and the characteristic isotope pattern of the lithium ion aids spectral interpretation. Electrohydrodynamic ionization is shown to be a soft ionization technique and the use of an acidic electrolyte widens the scope of samples that can be analyzed by this technique.


If one was to imagine the gendered imagery and female leadership associated with Hindu "communalism," the images that would come to mind are of women as self-sacrificing, long-suffering, nonviolent...


The PCP theorem [Arora and Safra 1998; Arora et. al. 1998] says that every language in NP has a witness format that can be checked probabilistically by reading only a constant number of bits from the proof. The celebrated equivalence of this theorem and inapproximability of certain optimization problems, due to Feige et al. [1996], has placed the PCP theorem at the heart of the area of inapproximability. In this work, we present a new proof of the PCP theorem that draws on this equivalence. We give a combinatorial proof for the NP-hardness of approximating a certain constraint satisfaction problem, which can then be reinterpreted to yield the PCP theorem. Our approach is to consider the unsat value of a constraint system, which is the smallest fraction of unsatisfied constraints, ranging over all possible assignments for the underlying variables. We describe a new combinatorial amplification transformation that doubles the unsat-value of a constraint-system, with only a linear blowup in the size of the system. The amplification step causes an increase in alphabet-size that is corrected by a (standard) PCP composition step. Iterative application of these two steps yields a proof for the PCP theorem. The amplification lemma relies on a new notion of "graph powering" that can be applied to systems of binary constraints. This powering amplifies the unsat-value of a constraint system provided that the underlying graph structure is an expander. We also extend our amplification lemma towards construction of assignment testers (alternatively, PCPs of Proximity) which are slightly stronger objects than PCPs. We then construct PCPs and locally-testable codes whose length is linear up to a polylog factor, and whose correctness can be probabilistically verified by making a constant number of queries. Namely, we prove SAT ∈ PCP 1/2,1[log2(n⋅poly log n), O(1)].


This paper studied systematically on the simulation of ambient air capacity planning with the multiple regression forecasting model based on the basic knowledge of statistical theory,gave the results and the optimization process according the basic idea of stepwise regression algorithm,and illustrated it with examples.


Composition comprising an oil phase, an aqueous phase, at least one water type emulsifier in oil (W / O), at least one emulsifying agent of oil-in-water (O / W), comprising from 20% to 70% by weight, and preferably from 25% to 50% by weight of a crosslinked anionic polyelectrolyte, characterized in that said polyelectrolyte is a copolymer of 2-methyl-2 - [(1-oxo-2-propenyl) amino] -1-propanesulfonic acid partially or totally salife, polymerized with at least one monomer having a weak acid function and with optionally at least one neutral monomer, wherein the molar proportion of acid monomer 2-methyl-2 - [(1-oxo 2-propenyl) amino] -1-propanesulfonic acid partially or totally salified is less than 30% and is greater than or equal to 1% .Uses in cosmetics.


The ARSA developed at PNNL for the CTBT measures four radioxenon isotopes. This paper will describe the software program along with data formats, various software controllable parameters and calculations.


At present, the paper management mode is also applied in the management of customer files in power enterprises, which not only consumes a lot of manpower and financial resources, but also makes the efficiency of file scheduling and consulting extremely low, and is prone to file loss, which seriously affects the maintenance and management of power customers. In order to improve the effect of power customer file management, a method of power customer file management based on historical record data feedback is designed. Through the acquisition of power customer information, the construction of power customer information database, on this basis, according to business process optimization, document and contract file management, customer data collection and transfer three steps to achieve power customer file management. The results show that the information loss of power customer archives and the searching time of power customer information are the indicators to prove the effect of power customer file management. The results show that the information loss is significantly reduced and the user information query time is less, which proves that the management effect of the power customer archives management method designed in this paper is good.


The adsorption and temperature-programmed thermal desorption of carbon monoxide on rhodium catalysts has been investigated. Sequential adsorption/desorption cycles, with a maximum temperature of 573 K, result in the loss of ca. 71% of the catalysts original adsorptive capacity. At this stage a steady-state is reached and the desorption profile is identical to that obtained from a catalyst which had been used for carbon monoxide hydrogenation. Use of doubly labelled carbon monoxide revealed scrambled carbon monoxide was desorbed in the range 523–573 K. All carbon dioxide produced was formed by the water-gas shift reaction. An effect of both support and metal precursor was noted on the yield of carbon dioxide from this reaction.


A description is made of the specific status quo for rural financial exclusion in the central regions of China by using the six-dimension analytical method,and it's held that financial exclusion would exacerbate the urban-rural duality,limit financial development in rural areas,deepening social exclusion,forming a serious obstacle for building a new socialist countryside.This situation stems from commercialization requirements for financial institutions of their own,ill geographical distribution in the central rural areas,poor operating efficiency as well.Great efforts Should be made for enhancing government support in the future,making the credit system construction with "rural characteristics",innovating new-type rural financial institutions to alleviate the central situation of the rural financial exclusion.


The capital structure of food and beverage sector companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange is influenced by several variables, such as; Profitability, Liquidity and Activities of the company. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the Capital Structure of Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population of the Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2014 – 2018 period is 30 companies and 11 companies can be sampled. The analysis method uses the Classical Assumption Test, Correlation Test, Multiple Linear Regression, ANOVA Test and Partial t Test, using SPSS Software Version 22. The results showed that the Current Ratio and Asset Structure had a significant effect on the capital structure of the Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, while Return on Equity had no significant effect. Taken together, ROE, CR and SA have a significant effect on the Capital Structure of Food and Beverage Sector Companies on the IDX.


People get used to high‐calorie and refined dishes diet and lack of physical exercises with rapid modern lifestyles change. Those bad habits contribute to the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The peripheral chronic inflammatory responses are related to the adipose tissue accumulation and hyperlipidemia in the metabolic syndrome patients. Depression is an important comorbidity with metabolic syndrome. The inflammatory cytokines secreted by activated inflammatory cells in peripheral tissue would induce central neural inflammation. Chronic brain inflammation may be linked to depression. We hypothesize that depression occurrence in metabolic syndrome patients is due to the peripheral and central neural inflammation. We evaluated whether fenofibrate or Statin could improve depression‐like behavior in metabolic syndrome mice. The metabolic syndrome mice were induced by high‐fat‐diet. The depression‐like behaviors in metabolic syndrome mice were analyzed by tail suspension test, open field test and sucrose preference test. After 4‐week treatment of fenofibrtae and Statin, the depression‐like behavior in mice were analyzed and then sacrificed. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines in the brain of mice were detected by RT‐PCR. The activation of macrophage and microglia were analyzed using IHC stain. The results showed that body weight, TG, TC in serum and adipose tissue weight of mice were increased after high‐fat‐diet fed. That confirmed metabolic syndrome was induced successfully in the mice. In behavior analysis, fenofibrate decreased immobility times of tail suspension, increased number of line crossing of open field test, and increase sucrose intake of sucrose preference test indicating that PPARα activation may improve depression‐like behavior. The data showed that fenofibrate could improve depression level in metabolic syndrome mice.