Wind turbine (WT) power curves effectively reflect the generation performance of WTs and depict the relationship between the wind speed and the WT power output. This paper aims at developing an effective method for learning the intrinsic representations of WT power curves, which are robust to external environmental changes. Based on the obtained representations, WT generation performance is monitored. In the proposed approach, data of the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system is employed to derive the representations. Parametric models of WT power curves are developed using the two‐parameter and four‐parameter logic models. The parameters of these model are identified via Jaya algorithm. To detect the changes of WT power curve model parameters over different time, multivariate control charts are employed. The effectiveness of the proposed WT generation performance monitoring approach is validated based on SCADA data collected from real commercial WTs.


About 40 halogenoalkylcarboxylic acid esters were synthesized and their nematocidal activities were tested against the rice white tip nematode, Aphelencoides besseyi.Allyl esters of halogenoacetic acids were found to inhibit completely the growth of nematode at the 8 p.p.m. level, and the most effective one was allyl bromoacetate inhibiting at the 2 p.p.m. level, while sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate, a commercial nematocide inhibited at the 16 p.p.m. level.The relationship of variation of the acid and alcohol moieties of esters to the nematocidal activity was discussed.


An experimental assessment has been made of the drag reducing efficiency of the outer-layer vertical blades, which were first devised by Hutchins (2003). The drag reduction efficiency of the blades was reported to reach as much as 30%. The assessment of the drag reducing efficiency is mainly restricted to the downstream region of the blades. Indeed, sufficient care has not been taken to such adverse effects as the increase in the wetted surface area and the flow disturbances due to the presence of the blades. In the present study, a series of drag force measurements in towing tank and circulating water channel has been performed toward the assessments of the total drag reduction efficiency of the outer-layer vertical blades.


The current use of Personal Identification Number (PIN) for verification of the validity of a customer's identity on Automated Teller Machine (ATM) systems is susceptible to unauthorized access and illegal withdrawal of cash from the ATM, hence, the need for more reliable means of carrying out user authentication. We present a three-tier authentication model with three layers of authentication using password, fingerprint and One-Time-Password (OTP). The identity of an ATM user is validated using password, fingerprint and OTP. ObjectOriented Analysis and Design Methodology (OOADM) was employed in the investigation of the existing system and analysis of the proposed system. Microsoft Visual Basic.NET and Microsoft SQL Server were employed in the implementation of the system. The result is a threetier authentication model for ATM. Alphabetic keys and some special character keys were introduced to the existing numeric keypad for authentication. The ATM was interfaced with a fingerprint reader for improved security.


New laser-driven micro-channel plasma target successfully produces high-energy electron accelerations in new experimental and simulation paper.New laser-driven micro-channel plasma target successfully produces high-energy electron accelerations in new experimental and simulation paper.


InAs quantum wells have been grown using the rapid slider liquid phase epitaxial growth technique. Analysis of the layer thickness data as a function of supercooling and contact time revealed the presence of two different growth mechanisms. A mathematical model of the epitaxial growth based around simple assumptions relating to melt rolling has been shown to give a good explanation of the experimental findings and also provides an integrated mathematical description of the growth phenomena.


The reaction of endo-6-vinylbicyclo[3.1.0] hex-2-ene with bisethylenerhodium(I) acetylacetonate gives rise to a 1 : 1 complex by displacement of ethylene in which the intergrity of the divinylcyclopropane is maintained. Unlike the parent hydrocarbon, which rearranges at room temperature to bicyclo[3.2.1] octa-2,6-diene, the derived rhodium complex is stable to 80°, and then the major product of rearrangement is the corresponding complex of bicyclo[3.3.0] octa-2,6-diene, minor amounts of the bicyclo [3.2.1] octa-2,6-diene derivative also being formed. Related studies on the hexafluoroacetylacetonatorhodium (I) and acetylacetonatoiridium (I) derivatives of endo-6-vinylbicyclo [3.1.0] hex-2-ene are reported. Possible mechanisms for the thermal transformation are discussed.


With the fast development of HVDC Transmission,the manufacture ability of DC circuit breaker becomes an important factor that restricts its progress.This paper performs an analysis on the essential question——DC interruption,and summarizes most of the interrupting methods used by DC circuit breaker.Furthermore,three representative HVDC circuit breakers in the actual power system are introduced.


The American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism established definitions of remission for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on composite scores, including tender (TJC) and swollen joint counts (SJC), patient global visual analog scale (VAS) score, laboratory tests, and, in the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI), the physician global score. Time constraints on a physician's schedule demand an easy yet accurate tool to measure disease activity. We assessed the predictive ability of the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3) with and without a single swollen joint versus the SDAI and/or Boolean remission criteria for functional and radiographic outcomes.


In this, we propose a novel design of a silicon photonic modulator that has a high modulation efficiency and that is tolerant to temperature variations. A series of phase-shifted Bragg gratings are placed in each arm of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer in order to provide enhanced phase modulation. The slow light effect in these ultra-compact coupled resonators improves phase modulation efficiency compared to conventional silicon phase shifters. These Bragg grating cavities are designed such that the optical bandwidth is increased compared to other coupled resonators, such as micro-rings. This improved bandwidth reduces the temperature sensitivity of the devices. We present in detail how to optimize these modulators considering properties, such as modulation efficiency (<italic>Vπ × L</italic>), optical modulation amplitude, and optical bandwidth (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Delta \lambda _{BW}$</tex-math></inline-formula>); the latter property determines the operating temperature range (Δ<italic>T</italic>). As examples, we present two designs that meet different target specifications for short-reach or long-haul applications. We further provide a model, based on the coupled mode theory, to investigate the dynamic response of the proposed modulators. A large signal analysis is performed using finite-difference time domain in order to simulate on/off keying modulation and eye diagrams up to 110 Gb/s.


In order to survive and flourish in the information age today a society needs to be able to handle information adequately. Of particular importance is the ability of members of a society to transform information into knowledge that can be utilized in the process of decision making, to the benefit of the whole society. Since universities are the major creators and disseminators of knowledge in the form of scientific research and training in a society, they can play an important role in this regard. In the case of developing countries, this role becomes crucial, since developing countries are to a large extent dependent on knowledge imported from the major developed countries of the world. Similar to other developing countries, there is a need in South Africa for high-quality research to be undertaken so that a body of indigenous knowledge can be generated that addresses local needs. Given the prominent role that African languages have been afforded by the new language policies and the new education system,...


Objective: To discuss the effect of apical seal achieved by the irradiation of Er,Cr :YSGG laser in retrograde filling, and to provide the important experimental basis for the clinical application of Er,Cr :YSGG laser.Methods: 56 freshly single-rooted extracted human teeth were selected for the study, which were randomly divided into seven groups of eight each. The anatomical crowns were removed at the cementoenamel junction and the remaining roots were treated endodontically with conventional methods. Roots to receive retrofillings had their apies treated, either with bur preparation only, or with bur preparation plus the irradiation of Er,Cr :YSGG laser in different parameters and different patterns. Then they had amalgams placed. The effect of apical seal achieved by Er,Cr:YSGG laser was evaluated with microleakage measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations.Results: Er,Cr :YSGG laser can abolish smear layer on the resected root surfaces effectively. Compared with the conventional retrograde amalgam, the amount of dye penetration from an apical stop with the irradiation of laser decreased; but only in 1W Er,Cr :YSGG laser without water flow, the amount of apical dye penetration was significantly lower (p0.05).Conclusion: The utilization of Er,Cr :YSGG laser in retrograde filling can reduce the permeability of resected roots and promote the effect of apical seal. In some parameters, the effect of laser can be superior to the effect of the conventional method. Based on our results, it appears that the combinational application of Er,Cr :YSGG laser and conventional retrograde amalgam results in the improved healing of retrograde filling.


— It is shown, in the context of the Thermomechanics of simple materials with memory, that frame indifference and, equivalently, rotation invariance are necessary consequences of the laws of classical Mechanics and the definition of the stress matrix and heat flux vector.


In the work of the noted the topicality of the problem of safety for ice navigation on the inland waterways of Russia and in coastal areas. Analysis of the age and ice category composition of the fleet, called to ice transport operations. A review of ice navigation accidents fleet. According to the results of the review highlights the remaining negative trends in the organization of ice-going vessels.


In the literature on value stream mapping (VSM), the only basis for choosing the best future state map (FSM) among the proposed alternatives is the time factor. As a result, the FSM is selected as the best option because it has the least amount of total production lead time (TPLT). In this paper, the cost factor is considered in the FSM selection process, in addition to the time factor. Thus, for each of the proposed FSMs, the cost-time profile (CTP) is used. Two factors that are of particular importance for the customer and the manufacturer – the TPLT and the direct cost of the product – are reviewed and analysed by calculating the sub-area of the CTP curve, called the cost-time investment (CTI). In addition, variability in the generated data has been studied in each of the CTPs in order to choose the best FSM more precisely and accurately. Based on a proposed step-by-step stochastic analysis method, and also by using non-parametric Kernel estimation methods for estimating the probability density function of CTIs, the process of choosing the best FSM has been carried out, based not only on the minimum expected CTI, but also on the minimum expected variability amount in CTIs among proposed alternatives. By implementing this method during the process of choosing the best FSM, the manufacturing organisations will consider both the cost factor and the variability in the generated data, in addition to the time factor. Accordingly, the decision-making process proceeds more easily and logically than do traditional methods. Finally, to describe the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method in this paper, it is applied to a case study on an industrial parts manufacturing company in Iran.


Intrinsic parameter fluctuations have become a serious obstacle to the continued scaling of MOSFET devices, particularly in the sub-100 nm regime. The increase in intrinsic parameter fluctuations means that simulations on a statistical scale are necessary to capture device parameter distributions. In this work, large-scale simulations of samples of 100,000s of devices are carried out in order to accurately characterise statistical variability of the threshold voltage in a real 35 nm MOSFET. Simulations were performed for the two dominant sources of statistical variability – random discrete dopants (RDD) and line edge roughness (LER). In total ∼400,000 devices have been simulated, taking approximately 500,000 CPU hours (60 CPU years). The results reveal the true shape of the distribution of threshold voltage, which is shown to be positively skewed for random dopants and negatively skewed for line edge roughness. Through further statistical analysis and data mining, techniques for reconstructing the distributions of the threshold voltage are developed. By using these techniques, methods are demonstrated that allow statistical enhancement of random dopant and line edge roughness simulations, thereby reducing the computational expense necessary to accurately characterise their effects. The accuracy of these techniques is analysed and they are further verified against scaled and alternative device architectures. The combined effects of RDD and LER are also investigated and it is demonstrated that the statistical combination of the individual RDD and LER-induced distributions of threshold voltage closely matches that obtained from simulations. By applying the statistical enhancement techniques developed for RDD and LER, it is shown that the computational cost of characterising their effects can be reduced by 1–2 orders of magnitude.


Tongyu tunnel,4279m, is the longest highway tunnel in Chongqing. In the paper, based on engineering geological mapping, drilling, physical prospect and experiment of rock mechanics, the integrality and physical mechanics parameter of rock mass is considered to category the surrounding rock of the tunnel, in order to be adopted in design and construction of the project. The result of the categorization is consistent with Bieniawski's geo-mechanics classification method, i.e. RMR method, which will be reference to similar engineering categorization in future.


The scientific standards to which CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY has accustomed its readers hardly admit the personal likes, hates, or anger of any particular individual, whoever he may be, as suitable criteria of scientific inquiry or discourse. CA's international audience cannot, therefore, but expect that so world-renowned a scientific authority as Dalton, in his response (CA 11:70) to my comment on his paper, is also presenting his readers with the evidence that he has at his disposal and to which they are entitled. Is Dalton, then, asking the readers of CA to accept ad hominem arguments from his own ideology as sufficient circumstantial evidence that the empirical evidence I have presented cannot be refuted on scientific grounds ?


The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and efficient system for regenerating shoots from nodal explants of scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L. Her. ex Ait: syn. P. roseum willd). Single node stem explants were inoculated in MS media containing different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/l) in a 4x4 factorial experiment. Multiple shoots were induced in media supplemented with BAP and IAA, Maximum number of shoots (56 per explant) were observed in the medium containing BAP and IAA at 1 mg/l each, 30 days after inoculation. Micro shoots were subcultured once in every four weeks. Adventitious shoots were induced from in vitro grown leaves and petioles. Several regenerated shoots were rooted on MS half-strength medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and the plantlets were hardened in the growth chamber. This micropropagation system could be used for rapid and large-scale production of scented geranium.


The object of the phonetic training which the student receives is twofold: first, the acquisition of a good pronunciation; secondly, and by no means the least important, the learning of the written values of the various sounds with a view to establishing finally such an exact relation between the spoken and the written word that the sound will very nearly indicate the correct spelling. This second result of the phonetic training has been found to be a very definite aid in vocabulary building. For, by constantly developing the memory of the ear through continual oral drill, a degree of efficiency is attained whereby not only words but whole sentences are very easily retained. The result is a combination which produces great speed in the acquisition of vocabulary coupled with unusual accuracy in spelling. We begin by a careful consideration of the general characteristics of French pronunciation, namely, the lack of accent or stress in the pronunciation of the words, the purity of the vowel tones as contrasted with the diphthongized or rolled English vowels, the explosion of the consonants, the fact that the syllable always begins with a consonant, and the generally more energetic production of the sound. This is followed by an explanation of the vowel triangle, accompanied by a description of the mouth position for each vowel. As each sound is described, the phonetic sign of the Association Phonetique Internationale is given, so that a definite symbol is learned for each separate sound. It has been found very helpful as an aid to precision and speed in pronunciation work to have a sign for each sound. In this connection twelve oral and four nasal vowels are explained. After thus establishing in the pupil's mind a definite idea of each separate and distinct sound, and carefully drilling the pupils


Abstract We investigated how water flow, food availability, and individual fish size or condition affected the downstream movement of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch exposed to winter conditions in artificial channels. The experimental design involved four treatments (two flow treatments crossed with two feeding treatments). Our results indicated that a water flow increase with winter conditions caused coho salmon to emigrate from our experimental channels, and the magnitude of emigration was higher when the flow increase was higher. Fish emigration rate decreased as temperature fell, but it was not affected by the presence of food, even though the fish continued to feed at temperatures below 4°C.


Safety has become enormously important with the proliferation of internet of Things(IoT) technologies. Most of the IoT devices are linked with the DDoS attack, there are many risk nowadays for IoT because of DDoS attack.The new software-defined everything(SDx) model offers a way to handle IoT devices securely. The proposed S-IOT framework consists of a pool that includes S-IoT controllers, S-IoT switches and IoT devices. A new ENeFS algorithm is proposed to identify and reduce the DDoS attack. The proposed algorithm uses neuro fuzzy instruct rule to identify the DDoS attack and the number of data packets count also considered for the identification. The simulation results shows that the proposed algorithm performs better to improve the reliability of the IoT with different and unsafe gadgets.


This text discusses the control of rural land property and the dependent relationship between the ownership of the rural land and State Authority,from the point of regime,requisition right and social security right.This relationship leads property right limitation of rural land property.Thus,innovation of rural land system is urgent,and marketlization of rural land is the only way of optimization collocation of land resources.


The aims of this paper are to analyze the performance of a one-dimensional ALOHA ad hoc network and to investigate the impact of the access probability of the ALOHA protocol on the network performance. As a performance metric we consider the average number of nodes that successfully receive a packet from an arbitrary node. To mathematically model the random locations of nodes and the interference in the ad hoc network, we use stochastic geometry theory. With the help of stochastic geometry theory, we model the ad hoc network, derive an analytic form of the performance metric, and finally obtain the optimal access probability that maximizes the performance metric. Numerical examples are provided to validate our analysis and to investigate the performance behavior.


We show here that the commonly used surrogate generating techniques based on phase randomization produce a population of surrogates that are not consistent with the null hypothesis that they are designed to test. We present a new surrogate generating method, based on digital filtering techniques. This surrogate algorithm has significant advantages over the most commonly used techniques, in that it provides a more robust statistical test by producing an entire population of surrogates that are consistent with the null hypothesis. The new surrogate is tested against an autoregression process and the Rossler system.


Backend time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) degrades the reliability of circuits with copper interconnects. We use test data to develop a methodology to evaluate chip lifetimes, because of backend TDDB, from layout statistics. We identify features in a layout that are critical to backend reliability, present a model to incorporate those features in determining chip lifetimes, and study the effect of different layout optimizations on chip lifetime.


This paper examines common approaches to implementing adaptive musical scores in video games using pre-rendered music that make heavy use of the crossfade transition and are used in the production of both AAA and Indie titles (Phillips, 2014a; Sweet, 2014; Collins, 2008; Collins, Kapralos and Tessler, 2014). The aim of this paper is to critique shortcomings of the crossfade and to propose a way to address some of these shortcomings using existing technology. This is achieved through a new composing, recording, and implementation process, provisionally called "imbricate audio", the viability of which is tested through the creation of an original composition. Where crossfades create "conspicuous game soundtrack signifiers" (Houge, 2012 p. 1), imbricate audio aims to deliver modulations that sound close to those found in live performance or the linear scores of cinema, potentially increasing the ability of composers to immerse players in gameplay with adaptive music.


This article gives in-depth analysis on the status quo and existing problems in developing and revising offshore petroleum engineering construction professional standards for China offshore petroleum industry,discusses the need for developing and revising the standards.Based on the advanced experience and practice of developing and revising the standards for China onshore petroleum engineering construction enterprises,it puts forward some reasonable proposals and measures for developing and revising offshore petroleum engineering construction professional standards according to their characteristics.


An investigation was made of the effective addition of silver iodide (0 to 8 M%) on the sensitivity (S) of nuclear silver bromide photoemulsions containing CdBr/sub 2/ to improve the homogeneity of the microcrystals by dimension. The emulsions were exposed to light and particles ( alpha from Po/ sup 210/ and beta from C/sup 14/). Adding up to 3% AgI reduces 8 relative to the light and alpha particles. Further increase of the concentration of silver bromide first reduces S to light, but after 5.5M it again increases it. With respect to beta particles, the value of S is constant up to 3% silver bromide; it then drops and again remains constant after 5.5%. In individual traces of particles at a concentration of silver bromide above 4% there is noted an increase in grain size with the corresponding deterioration of the discrimination. A sensitization by 2-paradimethyl aminostyril benzothiazols (I) increases S (more to light than to particles). but does not influence the character of the dependence of S on the concentration of silver bromide. Also studied was the speed of regression at the same emulsions at temperatures 4 and 18 C. After sensitization with I, the regression increases for themore » action of light and decreases for the action of particles; this law is independent of the presence of silver bromide in the emulsion. To explain tbis law it is proposed that I acts only on the surface development centers, the number of sites of which are different for light and for particles. The rate of regression in AgBr + AgI emulsions is less than in pure silver bromide emulsions, and under the action of alpha particles it is substantially less than under the action of electrons. Hypersensitization with triethanol amine after sensitization with I increases S considerably to electrons: a low sensitive nuclear emulsion acquires ability of registering individual tracks of beta particles from C/sup 14/, and when estimated by a blackening density of 0.6 over fog, S increases by a factor of more than ten.« less


:As a typical land sea composite country, land and sea integration is a scientific and farsighted strategic choice made by China in dealing with the relationship between sea and land, and an important deployment to a-chieve the strategic goal of maritime power. On the basis of the historical experience of other land and sea composite countries in the world, this paper clarifies the strategic connotation of land and sea integration, demonstrates the strategic basis of land and sea integration, interprets the strategic principles of land sea integration, clarifies the strategic value of land sea integration, puts forward the ideological basis and important conditions for promoting the implementation of land and sea integration, in order to understand and interpret land and sea integration from a new perspective and multiple dimensions, and finally forms a more systematic understanding and improves the theoreti-cal system of land and sea integrated development strategy.


In order to improve the transparency of corporate governance information, this paper combines intelligent accounting information technology to analyze the information transparency in the process of corporate governance, analyzes the fast adaptive neighbor clustering algorithm, and realizes the joint spectral embedding of data by creating block diagonal anchor graphs. Moreover, this paper re-selects anchor points from the spectral embedding data and constructs a new block diagonal anchor graph. In addition, using the principle of adaptive nearest neighbor clustering, this paper performs structured graph learning on the block diagonal anchor graph matrix. After derivation, the Laplace eigenvalue decomposition problem of the whole graph in adaptive nearest neighbor clustering can be transformed into a block matrix singular value decomposition problem. The regression analysis shows that there is a linear correlation between the advanced degree of intelligent accounting information management technology and the transparency of corporate governance information.


Sound transmission experiments on single‐crystal and polycrystalline nickel and iron samples 10–20 μm thick demonstrate an amplitude dependence on conductivity indicative of an electron damping effect. The samples form part of the common wall between two microwave cavities. Transverse sound waves were generated via magnetostriction with a static magnetic field perpendicular to the sample surface and perpendicular to the incident microwave magnetic field. Longitudinal sound waves were generated by direct electromagnetic excitation with a static magnetic field parallel to the sample surface and parallel to the incident microwave magnetic field. An exponential dependence of transmitted sound amplitude versus sample conductivity was observed as the temperature was varied. This exponential amplitude dependence on conductivity is what is expected from theories for sound wave attenuation in metals. For our samples this attenuation coefficient is of the order of 0.5 dB/μm. At low temperatures, where the product o...


This paper analyzes the necessity of evaluating the service quality of libraries in universities,studies the formation and development of its theory,based upon which the research and practice of its evaluation methods is analyzed and some suggestions are proposed in order to improve the service quality of university libraries.


The internet has quickly become a medium of mass communication, a commercial marketplace, and a tremendous resource for information and data. But the rapid development and widespread acceptance of the internet may not have occurred without the techniques of "linking" and "framing,"' which provide users flexible and easy access to other websites. These techniques have enabled internet users to navigate the internet efficiently and sort through the dense and vast thicket of products, services and information available on the internet. Recently, linking and framing have come under intense legal scrutiny, as the law in this area struggles to keep pace with the rapidly evolving technology and practices of the internet. Although few cases have directly addressed the issues of linking and framing and there is very little settled law, analysis of the existing cases and commentary in this area suggests steps to take and practices to avoid to minimize a website operator's potential liability. This article explores the potential liability under current trademark and copyright law that website operators face when they link to and frame other websites. 2 It then proposes that state unfair competition laws pose the greatest possibil-


The implementation of an edge-based three-dimensional RANS equations solver for unstructured grids that runs on both central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) is presented. This CPU/GPU duality is kept without double-writing the code, reducing programming and maintenance costs. The GPU implementation is based on the standard OpenCL language. The code has been parallelized using MPI. Some turbomachinery benchmark cases are presented. For all cases, an order of magnitude reduction in computational time is achieved when the code is executed on GPUs instead of CPUs.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


: The existing safety helmet detection methods are mainly based on one-stage object detection algorithms with high detection speed to reach the real-time detection requirements, but they can't accurately detect small objects and objects with obstructions. Therefore, we propose a helmet detection algorithm based on the attention mechanism (AT-YOLO). First of all, a channel attention module is added to the YOLOv3 backbone network, which can adaptively calibrate the channel features of the direction to improve the feature utilization,and a spatial attention module is added to the neck of the YOLOv3 network to capture the correlation between any positions in the feature map so that to increase the receptive field of the network. Secondly, we use DIoU (Distance Intersection over Union) bounding box regression loss function, it not only improving the measurement of bounding box regression loss but also increases the normalized distance loss between the prediction boxes and the target boxes, which makes the network more accurate in detecting small objects and faster in convergence. Finally, we explore the training strategy of the network model, which improves network performance without increasing the inference cost. Experiments show that the mAP of the proposed method reaches 96.5%, and the detection speed can reach 27 fps. Compared with other existing methods, it has better performance in detection accuracy and speed.


Good segmentation of satellite images plays a significant role in monitoring of urban areas, as well as of natural terrain. The analysis of two segmented observations can provide new information relating to land use, shifting cultivation, deforestation, or environmental changes. This paper introduces a combination of textural features that can achieve very good results for terrain segmentation. We implement BPNN (Back Propagation neural network) and Adaboost algorithms for the classification of an urban area in terms of a combination of several textural features. Using high resolution IKONOS satellite images of the Boston area, we carry out experiments on terrain classification. Experimental results show that a combination of co-occurrence and Harrlike features can be used to obtain high accuracy of terrain classification of 89.8-94.5% with the Adaboost classifier; this new method outperforms other implementations. To verify the efficiency of the proposed classification method, change detection using temporal images is also tested via experiment. The resulting change map shows that a newly developed area can be successfully detected.


A novel quasi-Yagi antenna is presented based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). In the new design, the antenna consists of a transition from a coplanar waveguide to an SSPPs waveguide, an SSPPs balun, an SSPPs driving dipole, and two SSPPs directors. The lengths of the driving dipole and director are approximately reduced by 32% and 27% compared with that of the conventional antenna in the free space without substrate, as a result of high phase constant on the SSPPs. Numerical simulations demonstrate good performance of the proposed structure, which has a gain of 8.7 dBi operating at 3 GHz. The proposed SSPPs quasi-Yagi antenna has potential value in wireless communication systems due to its compact dimension and good performance.


Objective To explore the effective training method of student standardized patient(SSP) and evaluate the effects in the course of health assessment in high vocational nursing program.Methods A total of 216 nursing students were chosen as trainees.Before implementing the training,a SSP training guideline was developed,and the trainers were chosen.According to the training modules,"teacher-student role-exchange training model" was conducted step by step.Finally,the trainees attended an evaluation examination.Result In the 216 students from 2005 to 2008,136 students passed the test.The total pass rate was 62.96%.Conclusion The scientific SSP training can improve the comprehensive abilities of nursing students.


Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration under Grants No. NA46RG0470 and NA90AA-D-SG480, the
National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-9321244, and the Johnson
Endowment of the Marine Policy Center.


Sweet potato leaf (Ipomoea Batatas) is a potential agricultural waste is used as animal feed to Goat crossbreed of Ettawa. Sweet potato leaf (Ipomoea Batatas) has a high enough protein content (> 20%), so it can be used as a source of protein goat crossbreed of Ettawa. This research aims to determine the effect of feeding of sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea Batatas) as feed on goat body weight of goat crossbreed of Ettawa. This research has been conducted in February to March 2015, located in Wonua Raya village, Toari district, Kolaka Regency. This research uses 12 goats crossbreed of Ettawa which is divided into 12 plots of cages. In this research, four levels of feeding treatment were applied: regular feed/Gamal leaf (R0), 90% Gamal leaves + 10% sweet potato leaves (R1), 85% Gamal leaves + 15% sweet potato leaves (R2), 80 % Leaf Gamal + 20% sweet potato leaves (R3). The results showed that the use of sweet potato leaves on weighing 15 days did not significantly affect the rate of body weight and had a significant effect on considering at day 30 (p


ABSTRACT This study explored the use of vegetable oil-based polyolester of rapeseed oil as a potential biolubricant for reciprocating air compressor. Rapeseed oil-based pentaerythritol ester (PE) was formulated via ultrasound-assisted transesterification process. Response surface methodology (RSM) based D-optimal design of experiments was used to analyse the tribological parameters, such as disc rotational speed, load and compressor oils on various tribological behaviours, namely, coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (SWR) using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The least specific wear rate of 1.85 × 10−5 mm3/Nmand COF of 0.0393 was recorded at optimal conditions. The surface morphology analysis of the tested pin using SEM/EDX and tribo-film formation analysis of disc surface using XPS technique disclosed that blended compressor oil (PE75), i.e., 75% by volume of PE and 25% by volume of synthetic compressor oil (SAE30) has numerous capabilities as environmental friendly compressor oil.


Background: Crackland is a central deteriorated neighborhood in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, a market of crack cocaine where marginalized people live or circulate.
Objective: This study aims to characterize the social reproduction of subjects who visit or live in Crackland; b) analyze the life trajectory of these persons.
Methods: The study embraces the theoretical and methodological perspective of historical and dialectical materialism, considering drug consumption a complex social process. This is a qualitative case study, utilizing in-depth interviews with ten individuals, nine men and one woman, contacted by the snowball technique in Crackland. We collected the life histories of the individuals and a set of variables of social reproduction in order to compose the Social Reproduction Index (SRI) of the individuals' families, allocating them to different social groups.
Results: The results show that the individuals came from families with different SRI, and they came from various states of Brazil, having migrated for various reasons: threats to life, to escape imprisonment, political persecution and, especially, to seek better social conditions. With regard to drug use, seven reported using crack cocaine and other illicit drugs. People in Crackland are primarily exposed to impoverishment and marginalization processes; they also face lack of social protection. We conclude that the occupants of Crackland are part of the lumpen proletariat, being marginal to most institutional social protection. They develop self-defense strategies and survive by working in informal and sporadic jobs, being active in many ways and even providing for their families of origin.
Conclusion: Crack cocaine use is a small part of that process. Instead of the effects of the drugs on the brain or individual subjectivity, the study brings to light the social issue as the central category for understanding the "social subjects" who constitutes Crackland.


The operation of CESR as an electron-positron collider using trains of bunches requires, the use of beam stabilizing feedback systems at routine operating currents. These systems operate on the longitudinal and both transverse modes of dipole oscillation. The experience in routine operations and feedback system performance will be presented.


Soft robots are expected to resolve problems faced by highly rigid robots, grasping objects of varied shape, for example. In this paper, we propose a soft robotic hand that grasps objects of various shapes and realizes high-precision manipulation of the grasped objects. This soft robotic hand has four pneumatically-driven soft actuators in its grasp and these soft actuators are made on a multi-material 3D printer which can print in both soft and hard materials. For high-precision object manipulation, we also propose a robust visual feedback control. This control is realized by estimating a linear relationship between forces/torques generated on the grasped object and inputs of the soft actuators. By using this proposed method, vertical plane manipulation of the grasped object is realized. As a result, position and orientation errors, when using this method, are about 0.30 mm and about 0.03 rad.


Testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A) were measured in pools of plasma and testes from developing guinea pigs. T was measured at various times after castration in the same species. At approximately 30 days of age, the quantities of T in systemic plasma increased and remained elevated until postnatal day 250, the last period studied. Undetectable or very low levels of this hormone were found in measurements taken earlier than 30 days. A significant correlation was found between the quantity of T in systemic plasma and the age of the animal at sacrifice; Δ remained fairly constant throughout the developmental process. At approximately 30 days of age the ratio of Δ/T changed, with larger quantities of T present in the plasma. In the testes more T than Δ was always found, but the ratio of Δ/T changed at about 30 days. Within 10 min after castration, a significant decrease in the amount of T in plasma was found. In 6 hr it was no longer measurable by gas chromatography. These data are consistent with previo...


seem to indicate that the troops posted by Hannibal on Monte Gualandro had to hold back in order to let t\\ Roman army get thoroughly involved in the passage. To those who have examined the region of the earlier exploits of Hannibal in Italy it will, I think, seem a pity that Messrs. How and Leigh have departed so largely from the ancient authorities. With regard to the Trebbia both Livy's and Polybius' topography, and consequently much of their history, is rejected. With regard to Trasimene Polybius is practically ignored. This shows a fine independent spirit on the part of the modern historians, but it may seem to some that the method, historically speaking, is open to criticism. Were the question involved in these few pages of this long history merely one of detail with respect to certain incidents in the Hannibalic campaign, then certainly such criticism as I have attempted would be unduly prolonged, but the matter may be fairly claimed to assume a more serious aspect as disclosing the attitude which the modern authors, in one portion at least of their work, have thought it right to assume with regard to the ancient authorities. The description of the campaign in Italy subsequent to Trasimene is most interesting, and should be read by everybody who cares for that side of history, and the authors are certainly to be congratulated on their adoption of Mr. Strachan-Davidson's views with regard to Cannae.


The invention discloses a method by utilizing microorganisms and ryegrasses to collectively repair a garbage compost heavy-metal seepage system, which comprises the steps of filling 500g of air-dried garden soil into a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe with diameter of 7.5cm and length of 25cm, filling 60g of a horizontal partition layer into the PVC pipe, and then filling 280g of compost into the PVC pipe; seeding about 0.6g of seeds of ryegrasses inside the PVC pipe, applying microorganism agents with different concentrations onto the surface of the compost after 30 days of the seeding, cutting grasses after 10 days, and measuring variation of content of each one of heavy metals such as cadium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). An experimental result shows that when the horizontal partition layer is paved above the soil and below the compost, migration of harmful substances and heavy metals from the garbage compost into the soil can be reduced, so that the time for lawn plants to absorb the heavy metals in the compost and the concentration of the heavy metals inside the lawn plants can be increased under the induction of chemical chelon or the synergy of the microorganisms, and the migration of the heavy metals into deep soil can be reduced.


increase in green interactions (P , .001 for each). Exploratory outcomes that we deemed hypothesisgenerating included analyses of heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol levels, and their relationship to the ''color'' of the interaction. The GoProEmo technology is proprietary to our hospital and was approved for use in this study by the Institutional Review Board committee. Development of the GoProEmo receptor patch was outsourced to a biomedical technology company funded by the study grant. A total of 100 patches were made at a cost of $20 per patch and are reusable. Acceptability of the intervention was assessed at the patient and provider levels using focus groups. Patients found that the implementation of personal visual recording devices improved communication with providers and enhanced the perceived level of compassion. Privacy concerns were addressed during the consent process, and data were permanently erased after review. Learners were initially concerned about being recorded, but focus groups at the end of the study revealed that, overall, residents appreciated the improved feedback quality.


INTRODUCTION: Review of institutional data found an association between maternal obesity and increased cesarean delivery (CD) among nulliparous, term, single, vertex (NTSV) pregnancies. To identify modifiable risk factors for CD, we evaluated the relationship of gestational weight gain (GWG) to length of induction of labor. METHODS: From January 2020 to May 2021, NTSV inductions were identified via retrospective chart review (IRB#4954). Gestational weight gain according to prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) was categorized using ACOG standards as appropriate, insufficient, or excessive. Time of initial induction agent to delivery time equated to total induction time. Chi square, t test, and regression analyses were performed where appropriate. RESULTS: Of 1,031 inductions, 244 (24%) patients had appropriate, 160 (15%) had insufficient, and 627 (61%) had excessive GWG. 366 (36%) had prepregnancy BMI greater than 30. Average total induction times for appropriate, insufficient, and excessive GWG were 1,179, 1,072, and 1,286 minutes, respectively. Excessive GWG was a positive predictor of length of induction (P<.001). Additionally, those with excessive GWG labored significantly longer with ruptured membranes (84 minutes) than those with appropriate GWG (P=.006). CONCLUSION: Excessive GWG correlated with 107 additional minutes in the induction process and more time with ruptured membranes. These data emphasize the importance of appropriate GWG particularly in patients beginning pregnancy with obesity. Patients with obesity otherwise have worse pregnancy outcomes; therefore, nutrition and exercise counseling during prenatal care could be advantageous. These data also help inform counseling and preparation on labor units, particularly as inductions become more prevalent.


Purpose: Prior studies empirically examine how financial flexibility is related to required returns by using realized returns and considering cash holdings as net debts, but they fail to find consistent results. Conjecturing that inappropriate proxy of required returns and aggregation of cash and debts caused the inconsistent results, this study revisits this topic by using a refined proxy of required returns and separating cash holdings from debts. Research design, data and methodology: This study uses a multivariate regression model to investigate the relationship between required returns on cash holdings and financial leverage. The required returns are estimated using the return decomposition method by vector autoregression model. Empirical tests use US stock market data from1968 to 2011. Results: Empirical results reveal that both cash holdings and leverage are positively related to required returns. The positive relation is stronger in economic downturns than in economic upturns. Conclusions: Three major findings are drawn. First, risky firms prefer large cash balance. Second, information shocks in the realized returns caused failure of prior studies to find consistent positive relationship between leverage and realized returns. Third, cash and leverage are related to required returns in the same direction; therefore, cash cannot be considered as negative debts.


Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) are jointless bridges whereby the deck is continuous and monolithic with abutment walls. Their principal advantages are derived from the absence of expansion/contraction joints, making them the most cost-effective system in terms of construction, maintenance and longevity. It is one of the challenging tasks to achieve the soil structure interaction between the piles and the surrounding soil of the integrated bridge system. In this research paper numerical model is developed using appropriate finite element software for both the basic system with SSI and without SSI and dynamic analysis is carried out to understand the importance of the soil pile interaction in the considered bridge system. The parametric study including different soil types, different type of connections between pile and abutment, effect of water table, different earthquake loading and the results are compared for both the conditions including SSI and without SSI. The main objective of this study to observe the trends in bending moment, deflection in longitudinal girders and in piles subjected to the given dynamic loading. The study concluded that the temperature effects are more significant in case of integral abutment bridges; however the changes in soil properties behind the abutment and around the piles affect significantly the performance of super structure. INTRODUCTION Integral Abutment Bridges (IABs) are Joint less Bridges in which the deck slab is continuous and monolithic with abutment walls. This system of bridges is proved to be more cost-effective in terms of construction, maintenance and longevity due to the absence of expansion/contraction joints and joint bearing which is the prime factor increases the maintenance cost as prevent the corrosion of structure due to water seepage through joints (Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Details of the conventional IAB (Horvath, 2000) In structural point of view it gives single structural unit increases the degree of redundancy enabling higher resistance to extreme loading like earthquakes [13]. The continuity achieved by this construction results in thermally induced deformations which give more stability to the substructure [2]. In the history of the jointless bridges the Teens Run Bridge (Gallia County, USA) built in 1938 is recognized as the first integral bridge [7] including 13000 integral abutment bridges, of which about 9000 are full integral abutment bridges, around 4000 are semiintegral abutment bridges [8,12,14]. Other than this in Canada, several provinces including Alberta, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Ontario have integral abutment bridges [13]. In the United States overall the model of integral abutment bridges has confirmed to be successful economically in both initial construction and maintenance costs as well as satisfied technically in removing expansion joint problems. However, it does not yet possess a perfect liberty from annual maintenance caused by the bump at bridge approach slabs, decreasing a pavement ride quality for automobiles. Moreover, some maintenance operations for cracks or settlements are required by the excess movements during the winter and summer months. In order to increase Pruthvi Choudary, B.Pallavi Ravishankar, D. Neelima Satyam the confidence in the design and construction of Integral Abutment Bridges, it is important and crucial that a comprehensive and exhaustive performance study be implemented [4,5 and 9]. Geotechnical Issues with Integral Abutment Bridges: There are two commonly encountered problems inherent in the design of integral abutment bridges that are not structural in nature but rather, geotechnical (9, 2000). The cyclic loading of the bridge superstructure due to daily changes in temperature causes the abutments to rotate about the base and translate into the soil, thus developing considerable lateral earth pressure on the abutments. The magnitude of these soil pressures can approach or reach the passive state in the summer when bridge expansion is highest. Passive earth pressures are large in magnitude and may exceed the normally consolidated at-rest state for which an abutment should normally be designed by at least an order of magnitude. Failure to design the abutment for the larger pressures that develop during bridge thermal expansion can cause structural damage to the abutment. Adversely, the cost to properly design the abutment subjected to these higher forces will increase. The failure in the bridges is generally happened due to the ratcheting which build-up of lateral earth pressure as the soil becomes effectively wedged behind the abutment. Many researchers proposed a solution to this issue like use of compressible illusion and geofoam etc. Using this geofoam configuration would help with both the settlement behind the abutment and the tendency toward ratcheting behaviour[9]. A number of limitations and guidelines have been presented in order to avoid passive pressure, high pile stresses [7]. Challenges involved with IABs: There are a number of limitations in the design of Integral Abutment Bridges owing to two main problems. Although the IAB concept has confirmed to be economical and technically successful in terms of eliminating expansion joint problems, it is not free from problems. Bridges are susceptible due to a complex soil-structure interaction mechanism involving relative movement between the bridge abutments and the backfill, and the piles and adjacent soil. One of the two major problems observed with IABs is the development of lateral earth pressures against the abutments. The other is the void development under approach slabs [9]. Soil Structure Interaction for Bridge System: The interaction between the structures, foundation and soil medium is potential to alter the actual behavior of any structure considerably compared with the fixed base analysis. Since, behavior of the Integral Abutment Bridge is interdependent between its structural components and soil medium, it is vital to determine the relevant parameters of soil to represent its behavior. In general modeling of the structural element i.e. superstructure and foundation piles are rather simple and straightforward compared to soil medium. The complex behavior of soil due to its heterogeneous, anisotropic and nonlinear in force–displacement characteristics need to be accounted for in its modeling. So the properties of soil have to be modeled as spring constants which evaluate the stiffness and flexibility of soil behind substructure (Fig 2). Fig. 2 Soil Structure Interaction for IABs Soil Structure Interaction analysis for Integral Abutment Bridge System NUMERICAL MODELLING OF INTEGRAL ABUTMENT BRIDGE In this research paper 3-Dimensional model of a prestressed concrete bridge is developed using finite element software MIDAS CIVIL (V13) for both fixed and spring support with appropriate spring constant in accordance with the soil considered which incorporate the effect of soil structure interaction (Fig 2). The dimension of bridge components is taken as per the AASHTO guidelines (Fig 3, Table 1) and the grade of the concrete is taken as M35. Fig. 3 Finite element model for IAB system Fig. 4 (a.) AASHTO Type IV composite girder (b.) Finite element model of composite girder Table 1 Bridge dimensions considered in present study Bridge Components Size (m) Effective span 36 Width 10.36 Deck slab thickness 0.226 Pile length 15 (HP10 x 125) Abutment (d x t) 5 x 1.2 Girder AASHTO guidelines To capture the real time scenario of soil the heterogeneity soil is considered including the four horizontal stratified zones including medium dense (SAND 1), dense (SAND 2), medium stiff (CLAY 1) and stiff (CLAY 2). The details of the each soil layers each type of soil is described in


Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)is a common hemorrhagic autoimmune disease,but the pathogenesis remains unclear.ITP is mainly caused by the broken immune tolerance and the increase of platelet destruction and/or generate obstacles.Lymphocytes are the major cell groups in maintaining the immune function.The balance between apoptosis and proliferation of lymphocytes is broken in vivo,which causes the immune function disorders and autoimmune diseases.This article reviewed the research progress of ITP.


Abstract The new compounds BaBiSe3 and BaSbTe3 crystallize in the orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with BaBiSe3: a = 1724 ± 2 pm, b = 1600 ± 2 pm, c = 437.0 ± 0.5 pm; BaSbTe3: a = 1809 ± 2 pm, b = 1694 ± 2 pm, c = 463.5 ± 0.4 pm. BiSe6- or SbTe6- octahedra, resp., are connected by common edges to fourfold strings. These are bound by additional chalcogen atoms to sheets, between which the Ba ions are located.


The aim of the pre-treatment process is to prepare cotton fabrics for subsequent technological operations, which are, in the majority, carried out in aqueous solutions. The pre-treatment processes modify, to some extent, the properties of cotton, resulting in a significant change in their zeta potential, the amount of specific surface charge or free energy surface. This study makes an assessment of the effect of the alkali pre-treatment process on changes in the amount of negative specific charges on cotton knitted surfaces, known as cationic demand. A "back-titration" method with the use of a Muetek PCD device was adopted for these experiments. It was found that the conventional process of alkali treatment of raw cotton knitted fabrics using sodium hydroxide in the presence of non-ionic surfactant reduced by nearly 50% the amount of negative specific surface charge. Also, changes in weight loss and improvements in the whiteness index, as well as the wettability of alkali pre-treated cotton knitwear, were observed.


A multi-faceted experimental investigation has been carried out to study the cooling performance for stacked modules in arrays of heat generating rectangular modules deployed along PCB's in the enclosed cabinet. The main parameters which have an important effect on cooling characteristics are flow velocity, channel spacing, installation of fan unit, attachment of heat sink, and acoustic noise. The results of individual effect are very helpful for the electronic packaging designer. In order to improve the cooling performance, it is certain that the enlargement of channel space is obviously effective, while this id disadvantageous in high density electronic packaging. Each of the paameters is quantitatively examined as cooling performance and the correlation of Reynolds number to Nusselt number is compared with previous study.


We are heartened that our work with patients with pediatric cancer—who represent 1% of all oncology patients—has such direct relevance to the discussions of the ASCO value framework, an impactful model that was proposed to determine the value of available anticancer therapies. We agree with Jim and McLeod that the under-reporting of adverse events (AEs) in patients with pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is likely universally applicable to all cooperative oncology group clinical trials because of similarities in AE reporting across trials. As practicing oncologists and clinical epidemiologists, we also commend and support the effort of the ASCO value framework to provide a rigorous, standardized approach to clinical practice. We offer the following comments on the revisions to the ASCO value framework and the correspondence by Jim and McLeod in the hope of refining the trade-offs between efficacy, toxicity, and the cost of anticancer therapies in light of current AE reporting on clinical trials. First, we agree that a variety of steps must be taken to improve the accuracy of AE reporting. This improvement is critical not only for the validity of the ASCO value framework, but also for the determination of the safety of new therapies and for guiding conversations regarding potential treatment-related toxicities with patients and families. Although a daunting task, we support revising the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events definitions to permit more straightforward, less subjective identification and grading of AEs within the context of information that is typically available in the medical record. In addition, patient reporting of specific symptom–based AEs, such as pain and fatigue, will likely improve AE reporting for these AEs that are historically underassessed by clinicians and therefore under-reported on clinical trials. Whereas reporting of complex medical AEs, such as adult respiratory distress syndrome, may not be improved by patient input, a system that captures multiple perspectives on toxicity should be implemented. Furthermore, we agree that electronic medical record data should be leveraged to assist with AE reporting. Specifically, we believe that a fully automated system of laboratory AE reporting offers the best possibility of globally improving AE reporting. The accurate and efficient assessment of laboratory AEs would not only address laboratory AE reporting, but may also indirectly improve nonlaboratory AE reporting. The personnel timemade available by automating laboratory AE reporting could be reallocated by data managers to nonlaboratory AE reporting. This additional bandwidth for AE reporting may be augmented further by using automated laboratory AE reporting as a screening tool for non–laboratorybased medical AEs. For example, the presence of a positive blood culture for viridans group Streptococcus could focus the search for AEs that are derived from bacteremia, such as sepsis. Finally, we hope that these ongoing discussions about AEs in the ASCO value framework will lead to further research in AE reporting using rigorous clinical epidemiology and bioinformatics methodologies. Such research should work to establish estimates of the extent of under-reporting for specific AEs as these estimates are critical to sensitivity analyses within the ASCO value framework. In addition, such research could provide a more comprehensive understanding of AE reporting requirements in different clinical scenarios. For example, AE ascertainment for a 1-month-old patient who receives intensive, inpatient AML induction chemotherapy likely differs from the monitoring that is required for a 70-year-old patient with multiple comorbidities who receives outpatient azacytidine for low disease burden AML arising from myelodysplastic syndrome. Although we wish that the collection of all AEs was feasible, our experience and data strongly suggest that all AEs cannot be collected. Because of this resource constraint, the oncology community needs to reach a consensus not only on disease and patient group–specific, high-value AEs, but also on AE definitions and ascertainment methodologies. The ASCO value framework provides a much needed structure for oncologists and patients whomake difficult treatment decisions. Although toxicities in clinical trials may never be perfectly ascertained, we believe that it is well within our clinical research capabilities to substantially improve the accuracy of AE reporting. Such improvements will not only benefit the trade-off analyses in the ASCO value framework but will also strengthen our cooperative group clinical trials.


Sunflower is an important oilseed crop, however the genetic transformation of sunflower has been very challenging to date. In the present study, we describe a successful Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach via somatic embryogenesis from immature zygotic embryos of sunflower. By optimizing the culture medium, we have achieved high efficiency (45.5%) of somatic embryogenesis with MS medium containing 0.4 mg/l 2,4-D and 120 g/l sucrose when embryo size was less than 2mm. Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring pGBI121-LycB was transformed into 1500 immature sunflower embryos derived from 4 different genotypes. Four strains of transgenic plants were obtain through kanamycin screening and subsequent validation via PCR and Southern Blot confirmed 3 positive strains, in which the transgenes were integrated into the genome of sunflower.


The ultimate value of this study is to help us understand the economic impact of the entrepreneurial ventures of university graduates. We know that some universities play an important role in many economies through their core education, research and development, and other spillovers. But in order to support economic growth through entrepreneurship, universities must create a culture and programs that make entrepreneurship widely accessible to students. While MIT's leadership in developing successful entrepreneurs has been evident anecdotally, this study — one of the largest surveys of entrepreneur alumni ever conducted — quantifies the significant impact of MIT's entrepreneurial ecosystem that supports firm startups. And, while MIT is more unique and unusual in the programs it offers and in its historical culture of entrepreneurship, MIT provides a benchmark by which other institutions can gauge the economic impact of their alumni entrepreneurs. The report also provides numerous examples of programs and practices that might be adopted, intact or modified as needed, by other universities that seek enhanced entrepreneurial development. The Appendix identifies several universities that have carried out surveys of alumni entrepreneurs.


Due to their capability of mitigating interfering signals in
spatial domain, the adaptive antenna arrays with digital
beamforming are a promising solution for radio frequency
interference and multipath problems faced by the
receivers of Global Satellite Navigation Systems (GNSS).
A special care should be taken of the carrier phase
rotations and the group delays of the received GNSS
signals which are introduced by the adaptive array during
the beamforming process. In the paper a simple
mathematical model for the calculation of the carrier- and
code-biases on the corresponding pseudo-range
measurements is proposed. A precise calibration of the
antenna and RF front end hardware is prerequisite for the
usage of the model in practice. A novel practical
approach for such a calibration in the online mode is
proposed and shown to be work well in an experimental
GNSS array receiving system. Results of field tests for
beamforming and direction of arrival estimation are
presented. The antenna induced errors on pseudorange
and positioning domains are estimated by using the array
weights recorded during the tests and the proposed
mathematical model.


Disclosed herein for a variety of polymeric materials flow streams having a plurality of co-extruded into the mold cavity, to produce a multilayer polymeric articles each having a plurality of methods and systems consistent between the core coverage. In an exemplary method, prior to starting the second core member into the cavity co-injection, both individually controlling the flow into each cavity of the first skin material in the cavity, which can be resolved from the different cavities of the article between the core coverage inconsistencies.


A study of the extent to which people are likely to attribute traits to other people rather more than to themselves produced support for the Jones and Nisbett (1972) hypothesis. The level of trait attribution in the present study was, however, higher than that obtained in previous studies. Subjects low in conservatism assigned more traits than did those high in conservatism, but there was no interaction between conservatism and attribution of traits to self versus others. No support was found for the hypothesis that high conservatives make more extreme judgments than low conservatives.


Recently, there are many good examples of how multi-disciplinary learning can support students to learn collaboratively and not solely focus on a single professional sector. In past years, we have arranged students taking different subjects within the Department of Computing to work in groups for joint projects. One observation is the lack of application domain knowledge amongst many of the completed projects. There is a need to bring in business elements while not introducing much demand in resources. In Fall 2011, we have attempted to gather students studying different professional domains together. Three groups of students from the Department of Computing (COMP) and the School of Hotel and Tourism Management (SHTM) are involved. The first group of SHTM students is planning a conference event in 2012 with over 300 guests. These students act as the customers who require a banquet management system as well as a delegates managing application. The role of the second group of SHTM students is to manage the development projects with the support of IT consultants who are in fact the COMP students. During the semester, different communication channels have been set up to facilitate the intergroup and intra-group communications with the support offered by an e-learning system, Blackboard. In addition, there are classroom presentations given by the SHTM students and prototype demonstrations prepared by the COMP students. Pre-project and post-project questionnaires have been given to all participating students in order to assess their gain in professional and business knowledge in 2 different areas, namely database application development and conference management. In this paper, we would like to report our experience, problems and the difficulties encountered in this multi-disciplinary pilot project.


We demonstrate nonlinear optical effects and self-trapping of a laser beam through red blood cell suspensions under different osmotic conditions. Formed waveguides can provide effective guidance for weaker light through scattered bio-soft-matter.


The performance of the self-powered photodetectors based on the Cu2O/electrolyte heterojunctions is optimized by adjusting morphology and structure of the Cu2O film. The Cu2O film with a deposition time of 2000 s possesses a largest current density of 559.6 μA/cm2 under visible light illumination at zero bias, with a rising time of 5.2 ms and a recovering time of 9.0 ms. This optimized Cu2O film has a highest responsivity of about 25.8 mA/W for visible light, and a negligible responsivity for UV light. The high crystallinity and excellent charge transfer property are responsible for the improved photodetection performance.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To make no player get tired of a game if possible. SOLUTION: A game device 500 performs the game in which a first character and a second character are contained. In the game device 500, an input receiving section 501 receives instruction inputted from a player. A game progress section 502 operates the first character based on the received instruction input and progresses the game. A recording part 503 records the operation progress of the first character by the game progress section 502. A correction section 504 corrects the operation progress recorded by the recording part 503 in response to the progress to the present after the operation progress is recorded. Further, the game progress section 502 further operates the second character based on the operation progress corrected by the correction section 504. COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT


The summary comprises an introduction on current approaches to emergency planning, and seven headings: current and future use of L2 PSA for EP; full scope L3 PSA; PSA quality requirements; future nuclear power plants; risk communication; European risk map; and international topical working group.


ABSTRACT Seventy-six children, 38 left-handed and 38 right-handed, matched on Raven's (1956/1962) Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), were given a battery of seven verbal tasks. The results did not agree with Levy's (1969, 1976) theory predicting verbal superiority of left-handed subjects, nor did they agree with predictions extrapolated from Annett and Kilshaw's (1982) theory that sinistrality reduces left-hemisphere asymmetry for verbal processes, and, thereby, may lower verbal ability in the left-handed. The findings agree with other data suggesting that left-and right-handed children do not differ in verbal ability. Different language behavior patterns pertinent to familial and nonfamilial sinistrality are not supported by these data.


Crosses between Mediterranean strains of Aglaothamnion tenuissimum and Atlantic strains of both A. byssoides and A. pseudobyssoides support the conclusion that A. tenuissimum is conspecific with A. byssoides but that A. pseudobyssoides is a distinct species. Ceramium tenuissimum (the basionym of A. tenuissimum) antedates Callithamnion byssoides (the basionym of A. byssoides), so that the correct name of this species is A. tenuissimum. Because diagnostic features are lacking in the type specimen of C. tenuissimum, an epitype for that name is chosen. Moreover, A. tenuissimum var. mazoyerae, var. nov., is proposed for Mediterranean populations of this species that grow in habitats of low light intensity and differ morphologically from the nominal variety in the shape and size of the tetrasporangia, in the size and shape of axial cells in the basal region of the thallus, and in the absence of


Along with the establishment of our country's market economy system, forest resources started to be regarded as a kind of asset, and it has been generally accepted after 20 years' progress. Recent years, there have been some evaluation methods to evaluate the value of forest resource asset, but has not been a universal one yet, especially that there are few evaluation towards the value of regional forest resource asset. Based on AHP research method, the article evaluated the social value of forest resource asset of forest industry zone in Heilongjiang province, clarified the interval level, which the social value of this region's forest resource asset was in, and indicated the development direction in the future. Keywords-AHP research method; forest resource asset; evaluation model


The research of rubber compounding modification for upper layer of rubberized asphalt paving block as shock absorber using natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as synthetic rubber, fly ash as filler and also vegetable oil as plasticizer has been conducted. The research design was varying the filler Si-69, fly ash and palm oil. The five formulas A, B, C, D, and E designed by varying the amount of Si-69 (48.5; 50.75; 53.00; 55.25; and 57.50) phr; coal fly ash (4.75, 7.00, 9.25, 11.50 and 13.75) phr; and vegetable oil from palm oil (6.5, 7.0, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9) phr, while the NR:SBR was 82.50: 17.50 phr for each formula. Based on the testing results, the formula D has the best physic-mechanical properties among others. It has specific gravity 1.78 g/cm 3 ; hardness 81 ShoreA; abrasion resistance 52,85 mm 3 ; compression set, 25% defl, 70 o C, 22h: 21,40%; tensile strength 195,69 N/ m 3 ; ozone resistance showed no crack.


The invention relates to a method for preparing a nano sillicalite-1 type total-silicalite molecular sieve, belonging to the method for preparing the molecular sieve, and aiming to solve the technical problem that the nano-silicalite-1 type total-silicalite molecular sieve prepared by adopting the existing method has low yield. The method comprises the following steps: preparing the mixed solution of a templating agent and an alkali source, adding a silicon source into the mixed solution, stirring in a sealing form to obtain a mixture gel system, crystallizing the mixture gel system, washing the production of crystallization, centrifuging, drying, putting in a muffle furnace, and calcinating to obtain the nano sillicalite-1 type total-silicalite molecular sieve. The nano sillicalite-1 type total-silicalite molecular sieve prepared by adopting the method has the grain size of less than 20nm and the yield of 42-50%, can be used as the inert carrier of the shape selectivity catalyst and the gas separation membrane material and can be also in the field of gas separation and purification.


Transport layer of IoT ecosystem relies on optics that work as frame relays in diverse areas. Real-Time images being captured find advantages in terms of latency and decision outcome when the edge computing is preferred keeping in consideration restriction on mobility and increased privacy concerns. These objectives can be achieved by Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) at specialized speed and precisely the right amount of adaptability to handle various computer vision algorithms. It is challenging to design a control accelerator for a CNN that requires a lot of recurrent feature extraction process. Driver assistance systems' real-time, safety-critical face emotion detection classification task is accomplished using a deep learning approach. In this study, an effective overlay for LeNet-5-based face emotion detection and classification utilizing the ZYNQ architecture is proposed. Using the Facial Expression Recognition dataset (FERD) and a pre-trained LeNet-5 Model, a multimodal ZYNQ evaluation system assesses the Overlay's capacity towards inference. Combining Hardware and Software by co-design reduces bandwidth requirement by 30%. Efficiency of per image inference reduces from 2.9 seconds to 30 milli seconds, an uplift of almost 98%. Impact on throughput is extensively visible from 0.5 GOP/sec to 3.6 GOP/sec. Experimental results show similar output in terms of classification accuracy by reducing the amount of time taken to complete classification, thereby making resources available for more data loads. Classification accuracy in both the methods are approximately 98%, thereby making the hypothesis of using Convolution Neural Networks (CNN) with specialized speed a better solution for real-time traffic sign classification.


In order to observe the body functional change of native plateau cyclists during sub-altitude training,this article takes 8 native plateau cyclists as study objects,this article tests systematically each player's blood biochemical parameters including RBC,Hct,Hb,T,C and physiological indexes including HR and SpO2 before sub-altitude training,and at 2-day,at 4-day,at 8-day,at 18-day,at 25-day and at 32-day after sub-altitude training.The results show that the adaptation period of the native plateau cyclists' training to sub-altitude is at least a week,and the function of cyclists rose after a week;the functional status of native plateau cyclists is best at the 25th day during sub-altitude training.It suggests that the optional time for them to take part in a competition at sub-altitude is 3 weeks after leaving from the altitude.


In this work cotton in the form of Comber noil which is treated with citric acid in the presence of c atalyst like sodium hypophosphite and sodium alginate in the presence of catalyst like gluteraldehyde for making cotton super absorbent at different concentrations, temperatures and time. At the same time the samples are treated with various bleaching seq uences for comparison with above treated samples. The results shows that out of various bleaching sequences, scoured, mercerized and bleached sample shows good results as far as preparation of super absorbent materials are concerned, irrespective of trea tment with citric acid or sodium alginate. The final results gives samples which e medically compatible as cellulose reacts with iodinated zinc chloride to form a violet colored complex.


Electrochemistry detection offers considerable promise for capillary-electrophoresis (CE) microchips, with features that include remarkable sensitivity, portability, independence of optical path length or sample turbidity, low cost and power requirements, and high compatibility with modern micromachining technologies. This article highlights key strategies in controlled-potential electrochemical detectors for CE microchip systems, along with recent advances and directions. Subjects covered include the design of the electrochemical detection system, its requirements and operational principles, common electrode materials, isolation from the separation voltage, derivatization reactions, typical applications, and future prospects. It is expected that electrochemical detection will become a powerful tool for CE microchip systems and will lead to the creation of truly portable (and possibly disposable) devices.


Four types of network filaments T400,PTT,PTT/PET and PET were made by network composite processing method.The tensile property and the tensile and elastic recovery properties of their associated fabrics were tested.The result indicated that PTT/PET network filament prepared by network composite processing combined the advantages of both PTT and PET,while the tensile property and T400 network filament prepared by network composite processing were different.Under the condition of 10% fabric elongation,the fabric prepared by network compound processing with bi-component spinning T400 was superior to the fabric prepared by network compound processing with single-component PTT and PET.With 20% elongation,the latter was superior to the former.


This paper deals with signalling types achieving the phone connections on analogic and digital systems as well as advantages and disadvantages of each signaling type with a view to introducing of the new types of telecommunication networks that need ample signalling processes by adaptation to a structure orientated to processor control that is specific for modern and long term modern telecommunication networks.


With the rapid rise of the logistics industry,the market demand for logistics personnel are also constantly improving.Low level operation logistics personnel can not meet the need of the development of the industry anymore,which set a higher request to the logistics personnel training.This paper analyzes the transformation feasibility of logistics management major from higher vocational college to the application undergraduate college.This paper also proposed the transformation process of the key work.This research may promote the transformation work,and help to cultivate more qualified talents to meet the requirement of logistics industry.


The objective of this study is to identify the economic social impacts of reallocation and environmental of resources from being devoted for agricultural to crop production in Hessania district of Sharkia governorate due to establishment of El-Salam channel. Database was mainly from a sample survey conducted in 1997 for Fish farms and another one conclueted in 1997/1998 for crop production. In addition the study utilized all available punished secondary data. Major results showed that economic and social assessment measure were for the old option, i.e. using the resources for Fish farming rather than being as crop production system return to 1000 m 3 of water was higher than crops except one cropping return ( short cut berseem + cotton ) to weaver , the number of employment opportunitor were much higher in crop system than fish farming system . though, optimum land use did not determine by the type of enterprising it would be determined by the availability of infra-structure, services and other livelihood.


The performance of analog ICs strongly depends on layout characteristics. After identifying the various categories of placement and routing constraints, this paper describes a routing strategy dedicated to take into account those specific analog features. Working in close coordination with an analog placement tool, the new routing tool uses global and local routing techniques that can handle the various constraints. It uses intelligent path scheduling and multi-constrained path minimization with electrical extraction capabilities. The selection of some routing options can be controlled by an expert system. The aim of the router is to be as close as possible to a designer's routing style. Results of automated analog layouts are presented.


In antiquity Apollodorus wrote a work upon the Greek Catalogue, Demetrius of Scepsis one, in thirty books, on the Trojan; both were used by Strabo, who surpassed, fortunately, either in judgment. Titles of similar works are ascribed to the logographer Damastes and the rhetor Polus. Its literary merits are extolled by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Comp. Verb. 102, and though a considerable number of MSS. omit it, Tribonianus of Side in the Byzantine period was found to execute a special metaphrase of it. In modern times the latest work dealing with the Catalogue apart appears to be the short treatise of Benedikt Niese, Der homerische Schiffskatalog als historische Quelle betrachtet, Kiel, 1873. Written at the blackest moment of Homeric and historical science, before the first light from archaeology had begun to illumine the gloom of Higher Criticism, before even Wilamowitz had lit his corpse-candle, the book naturally cannot influence our opinion now, and would not have needed mention but for the singular uis inertiae owing to which it is still currently cited. Niese's principal conclusions were: the Catalogue involves late political circumstances, contains geographical inaccuracies, especially in regard to Thessaly, and is the result of the contamination of an old geographical document or periegesis dating from 770–740 with names of heroes and peoples taken from the Cypria: the Trojan Catalogue is made out of the Trojan Catalogue again in the Cypria with additions from the body of the Iliad; and the editor of both may be found in a Milesian of 630–600.


This paper presents a preliminary study of the technical and economic feasibilities of integrating gas turbine systems into geothermal technologies. Levelized cost analysis employing revenue requirement approach was used to measure the economic feasibility of the geothermal and gas turbine hybrids at different geothermal sites. Twelve geothermal resource areas were included in this study; Brawley, CA, Coso Hot Springs, CA, Dixie Valley, NV, East Mesa, CA, Glass Mountain, CA, Heber, CA, Mono-Long Valley, CA, Salton Sea, CA, Stillwater, NV, Surprise Valley, CA, Vale, OR, and Wabuska, NV. The geothermal power generation technologies included in this study were air-cooled subcritical binary, condensate-cooled dual flash, and gas turbine hybrids of these two technologies. Geothermal/gas turbine concepts can be cost-effective at many geothermal resource areas. This study indicated that integrating gas turbine systems using GE LM2500 with binary cycles is potentially more cost effective than stand alone binary power plants in low temperature resource areas such as East Mesa, CA, Heber, CA, Stillwater, NV, Vale, OR and Wabuska, NV. In addition, this study showed that dual flash/gas turbine hybrid power plants maybe considered for higher temperature resources with high O&M costs.


Aiming at the problems of fruit picking works including occupy excessive labor,inefficient,difficult to achieve mechanized harvesting,a simple and convenient handheld electric fruit picking machine was designed. The picking machine consists of cutting blade,blade driving motor,fruit boxes,stretching rod,handle,cutting button and controller. When start picking,press the cutting button,the driving motor drives the cutting blade rotation cut off the fruit stem,at the same time controller detects the electricity of motor and the start position of cutting blade for protecting motor and controller. This machine has a simple structure,low cost of doing business,reduce labor intensity,it can also achieve the vast majority of fruit picking,enhance the efficiency of fruit picking.


The FADN (farm accountancy data network) provides farm accountancy data to determine and analyse income of agricultural holdings. The underlying data base has to be prepared for properly assessing the impacts of EU policy changes and market developments on agricultural income. This article presents the FADN data mining tool that reads and converts the given data for analysing the data itself and processing the data for further analysis. This tool is extendable and usable without software development skills, is free and open source and handles large data sets in an efficient and user-friendly way. It applies GAMS for aggregation, comparison, calculation, as well as for estimation of desired indicators that feed economic models.


Rutin, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are representative flavonoids that are synthesized through the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum). These flavonoids have beneficial properties such as antioxidant activity. The basal buckwheat stem is usually red or pink owing to an accumulation of anthocyanins. We found novel spontaneous green stem (GS) mutants in a common buckwheat population. To characterize GS mutants physiologically and genetically, and to deduce where the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway was disrupted and whether other flavonoids were affected by this disruption of anthocyanin synthesis, we measured the anthocyanin, rutin and proanthocyanidin contents in seedlings and performed genetic analysis. HPLC analysis of GS mutants showed no anthocyanin production, but rutin and proanthocyanidins accumulated in the seedlings. GS plants showed no red pigmentation in stems, petioles, leaf veins and anthers. Genetic analysis indicated that GS mutation involves a single recessive gene (designated tentatively as gs1). The proanthocyanidin content of GS plants in the F2 segregating population was significantly higher than in the wild type. The GS phenotype might be caused by the lack of an enzyme or by a defect of transcriptional factor between leucocyanidin or cyanidin and anthocyanin in the biosynthetic pathway.


In order to make full use of the advantages of Chitosan in the process of wound repair and overcome the difficulty that Chitosan can not be electrospinned alone, Chitosan/Polybutylenes succinate nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning, and its properties were tested and analysed. The results show that the content of Chitosan will affect the properties of composite fiber membrane, such as liquid absorption and hemostatic properties. When the content of Chitosan is 90%, the comprehensive performance of Chitosan/Polybutylenes succinate fiber membrane is the best and is most suitable for wound hemostatic dressing.


Layla Majnun is a novel written by a Sufi and a poet from Persia named Nizami Ganjavi, he expresses his thoughts through prose, poetry, and poetry which is very thick with deep spiritual meaning. There are many versions of the story of Layla Majnun, but Nizami's work is the most famous and there have been many researchers who have researched the Layla Majnun novel, but no researcher has yet examined the da'wah message in the novel. This study aims to analyze the da'wah messages contained in the Layla Majnun novel. The method used in this research is library research. The data analysis technique uses the content analysis method. The findings of this study indicate that the novel Layla Majnun contains da'wah messages, namely the message of the creed, the message of preaching sharia, the message of preaching mua'malah, and the message of da'wah morals.


Techniques for supporting communication in a major interference scenario are described. In an aspect, communication in a major interference scenario is a cross-may be supported by the sub-frame control. Different base stations may be assigned different sub-frame for transmitting the control information. Each base station may send control messages in the subframe that is assigned to that base station. Different base stations may have different time line for transmitting the control message due to their different assigned subframes. Cross-and by using the sub-frame control, control information (e.g., acknowledgment, acknowledgment, and so on) may be sent in the first subframe, the may be applied to the data transmitted in the second subframe, and that the second sub-frame may accept a variable number of sub-frames from the first sub-frame. In yet another aspect, messages to mitigate the interference may be transmitted on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).


e12070 Background: In triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), anti-PD-L1 is associated with gains in overall survival, however only in tumors with > 1% PD-L1+ ICs. Locoregional cytokine therapy is being evaluated as a method of priming and redirecting ICs to tumors, which may increase I-O benefit particularly in PD-L1 negative tumors. We report a sensitive method of quantifying I-O-related changes in PD-L1 and ICs using mIHC and single-cell hierarchical regression, which controls for within-tumor and across-patient PD-L1/IC heterogeneity. Methods: Pre-treatment and resection tissues from a phase Ib trial of locoregional cytokines (IRX-2, n = 16 subjects) in ESBC were analyzed. IRX-2 contains immunostimulatory cytokines (GM-CSF, IL-2, IFN-α, INF-γ, and IL-12) and was injected in peri-areolar tissue, which communicates directly with tumor-draining lymphatics. Specimens were analyzed for 1) H&E stromal TILs score; 2) clinical PD-L1 IC expression (Ventana SP142, 2 blinded pathologists); and 3) mIHC (PerkinElmer Vectra). InForm software was used to obtain geospatial outputs of tumor cells (CK+) and ICs (CD3, CD8, CD163) across multiple regions of interest (mean:18; range: 9-32). Mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate for changes in PD-L1, ICs, and IC/tumor distance metrics. Results: PD-L1 and IC quantity by mIHC was highly concordant with clinical PD-L1 IC classification (JT test = 211, p < .001) and TIL score (r = 0.77). Cytokine therapy was associated with higher PD-L1 IC classification in 9/13 tumors, and increased PD-L1 ICs by mIHC in 14/15 (+337%, 95% CI: 120,769%). After adjusting for heterogeneity, cytokine therapy increased CD3+CD8+ ICs (+173%, CI: 93,287%) and CD3+CD8- ICs (+120%, CI: 21,301%). Therapy was also associated with increased effector-helper T-cell clustering (nearest-neighbor distance, -40%, CI: -29,-50%) and effector cell tumor localization (stromal-tumor interface CD8+ density +90%, Cl: 74, 305%). Conclusions: Our method is concordant with clinical PD-L1 and sTILs scores, and can additionally quantify IC and IC distances. This assay may allow for comparative I-O assessments with increased resolution, and will be used in a randomized phase II trial of pembrolizumab, chemo +/- IRX-2 in stage II/III TNBC.


Language transfer is the application of linguistic features from one language to another by a bilingual or multilingual speaker. This unavoidable phenomenon has a great impact on language acquisition. Based on cognitive psychology and linguistic theory, this paper explores the language transfer in acquisition of ecological language. First, the author briefly introduced the relevant theories of eco-linguistics, language transfer, cognitive psychology and language acquisition. Then, an empirical analysis was performed on the Chinese language transfer among learners of English as a second language in the acquisition of English. The data of the analysis were collected through questionnaire survey and interview. The results show that language transfer is helpful to the acquisition of the second language, if the learner is aware of the similarities and differences between the two languages and willing to transfer the knowledge and skills of the mother tongue to the second language learning; contrastive teaching promotes the positive transfer of language acquisition, and suppresses the negative transfer, enhancing the learning efficiency of the second language. The research results shed new light on promoting English teaching methods.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is believed to shut down the normal function of sinoatrial node (SAN) by long-term overdrive suppression of its activity. Although AF-induced remodelling may impair SAN function, ionic mechanisms underlying sinus node dysfunction (SND) remain unclear. Here, this study investigated mechanisms by which AF-induced electrical remodelling promotes and perpetuates SND through biophysically detailed computer modelling. The recent Fabbri et al. model of human SAN cell and our mathematical model for human atrial cell action potential were modified to incorporate various experimental data on AF-induced changes in ionic channel currents and intracellular calcium handling. In our simulations, AF-induced electrical remodelling abbreviated atrial action potential duration (APD) and lowered heart rates. APD abbreviation can be mainly attributed to reduced ICaL and increased potassium currents (IKs and IK1). Down-regulation of If prolonged cycle length and thereby influenced the function of voltage clock in human SAN cells. Altogether, our simulated results indicate that voltage clock malfunction might be one mechanism underlying AF-induced SND and our SND mathematical model can be a useful in the design of experiments and the development of drugs.


Based on analyzing of agricultural industrialization in Hunan Province,some problems,ideas and principles of agricultural industrialization in Hunan Province were Proposed.According to the actual facts of Hunan Province,corresponding measures had been put forward.


Measuring interoperability implies establishing measures of merit to evaluate the degree of interoperability between systems. This is the purpose of so-called maturity models, describing the stages through which systems should evolve to reach higher completeness in the realization of a given objective. This paper reviews the main maturity models for interoperability, comparing the different aspects of these models to ISO/IEC 15504 model (also known as SPICE), which defines a framework for processes assessment. We highlight the existing links, showing that ISO/IEC 15504 can be used as a generic model from which existing interoperability maturity models could be derived.


Elections become one of the important indicators in a country's democracy, elections are identical to the campaign, one of the media that can be used as a means of the campaign is social media such as Twitter. The information content contained on Twitter is also very diverse. Therefore, it is needed an automatic topic detection method such as the Mini Batch K-means clustering method that makes it easy for users to access information. In this study, the approach used is the Mini Batch method which only uses a small group of data in the clustering process. The results of this study found that the results of clustering for tweet data with keywords Jokowi - Maruf Amin and Prabowo - Sandiaga Uno obtained eight cluster groups, based on testing with Sum of Squared Error (SSE) with a range of SSE values of 1275-1200, to obtain a K value the most optimum is eight clusters.