Abstract Spaceflight experiments offer a unique environment for fundamental research in biology. Utilization of microgravity environments has provided insights into how plants and animals perceive and respond to gravity, or the lack thereof. However, performing spaceflight experiments on the International Space Station (ISS) requires years of planning and testing before execution. A few of the complex steps preceding the experiment include: development of the experimental timeline and programming of experimental equipment, testing hardware for biocompatibility, planning the logistics of sending samples to NASA or ESA centers for testing, and launching samples to the ISS. In this paper, using the Seedling Growth-2 spaceflight experiment as an example, we cover the entire timeline leading up to a flight experiment. These events include the Schedule Test, the Operations and Validations Test (OVT), and the Flight Build and Experiment, as well as the post-flight sample processing.


In general, large-scale integration studies in Europe and the United States find that high penetrations of renewable generation are technically feasible with operational changes and increased access to transmission. This paper describes other key findings such as the need for fast markets, large balancing areas, system flexibility, and the use of advanced forecasting.


Abstract We consider the problem of simulating tail loss probabilities and expected losses conditioned on exceeding a large threshold (expected shortfall) for credit portfolios. Instead of the commonly used normal copula framework for the dependence structure between obligors, we use the t-copula model. We increase the number of inner replications using the so-called geometric shortcut idea to increase the efficiency of the simulations. The paper contains all details for simulating the risk of the t-copula credit risk model by combining outer importance sampling (IS) with the geometric shortcut. Numerical results show that the applied method is efficient in assessing tail loss probabilities and expected shortfalls for credit risk portfolios. We also compare the tail loss probabilities and expected shortfalls under the normal and t-copula model.


Surveys of ground beetles were made in eastern Hol<kaide from May to September, 1981. Following the previous paper which report'ed the results obtained at a dairy village Bekkai (fligashi et al., 1983), we toolg up the faunal makeup and the distribution of ground beetles in an industrial fishery city Kushiro and its vicinity in the present paper.


In this paper, a novel method for designing filters generating the discrete-time analytic signal is proposed. The technique relies on the rotation of the pole-zero plot of a low-pass filter As a consequence, the classical design methods can be reused. This method is compared to a direct filter design approach


Inspired by decades of research in the compatibilization of fillers into elastomeric composites for high‐performance materials, a novel polyurethane‐based stretchable carbon ink is created by taking advantage of a Janus molecule, 2‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)propane‐1,3‐diol (serinol pyrrole, SP). SP is used to functionalize the carbon and comonomer in the polymer phase. The use of SPs in both the organic and inorganic phases results in an improved interaction between the two phases. When printed, the functionalized material has a factor 1.5 lower resistance‐strain dependence when compared to its unfunctionalized analogue. This behavior is superior to commercially available carbon inks. To demonstrate the suitability of ink in an industrial application, an all‐printed, elastomer‐based force sensor is fabricated. This "pyrrole methodology" is scalable and broadly applicable, laying the foundation for the realization of printed functionalities with improved electromechanical performance.


Magnetic nanospheres have numerous applications in biomedicine, biotechnology and wastewater treatment, due to their high surface area, tunable sphere size and superparamagnetic properties. Magnetic nanoparticles can be designed and endowed with optical, electronic and fluorescent properties, allowing a wide range of functionality. Multifunctional magnetic particles with heterodimer structures allow various kinds of target molecules to be attached onto their specific parts via affinity or coordinate bonding, etc. The abilities of these nanodevices, including the encapsulation of target molecules in magnetic hybrid nanostructures and easy magnetic separation in the presence of external magnetic fields, show much promise for magnetic imaging, magnetic separation and drug delivery. Consequently, magnetic particles offer excellent potential future uses in disease diagnosis, hyperthermia, immunoassays, electrochemical biosensors, contaminated water treatment and optical detection. In this article, we review the preparation and application of inorganic and organic magnetic composite spheres in the fields of magnetic separation, drug delivery, hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging, and others. The size, specific surface area, structure, magnetic properties and surface functional groups of nanospheres have a great influence on their effectiveness in these applications. The encapsulation of target molecules in magnetic hybrid nanostructures and their easy separation using an external magnetic field show promise for the fabrication of novel nanodevices for many applications. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry


In this work a discontinuous boundary‐value problem with retarded argument which contains spectral parameters in the boundary conditions and with transmission conditions at the point of discontinuity are investigated. We obtained asymptotic formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.


Effective management of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis for the critically ill neonate requires a general understanding of renal development and changes that occur during the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. The maturation of kidney function and differences in regulation of body fluid tonicity and volume as well as acid-base balance and homeostasis of individual elements between preterm and term infants can have a substantial impact on therapies administered to neonates and the effects of such therapies.


The Internet and information technologies dramatically changed business operations. Companies world-wide are shifting to e-commerce due to multiple benefits such as lower operational cost, around the clock availability, enabling deals and coupons, and easy access to global market. Therefore, the percentage of e-commerce in total retail and its importance for the country's economy is increasing year by year. Accordingly, e-commerce has, slowly but surely, became a topic on which companies or even countries should be ranked. Herein, we propose the creation of a composite indicator which will rank European countries based on the e-commerce activities of their companies. The proposed European E-commerce Index (EECI) consists of four pillars: Sale, Purchase, Presence on the Internet, and Software. Тhe suggested framework is based on equal weights within pillar indicators and the Benefit-of-Doubt (BoD) weights within pillars. We believe our approach can act as a foundation for further academic research on composite indicators, their weighting schemes, e-commerce, and rankings based on the companies' e-commerce activities.


The plan CT is described to generate dual energy (DRR) that stimulates the treatment time radiographs in order to prospectively evaluate the angles in which issues for the template matching algorithm are present, and thus the visibility of the tumor. The present invention uses template matching to quantify the "trackability" of the target from different angles or directions. The peak-to-side lobe ratio is used to measure trackability. The results of this process influence treatment planning. For example, based on the outcome, either less or no dose is planned for the angles in which the location of the templates cannot be verified and thus, the tumor.


In the present paper, strong form finite elements are employed for the free vibration study of laminated arbitrarily shaped plates. In particular, the stability and accuracy of three different Fourier expansion‐based differential quadrature techniques are shown. These techniques are used to solve the partial differential system of equations inside each computational element. The three approaches are called harmonic differential quadrature, Fourier differential quadrature and improved Fourier expansion‐based differential quadrature methods. The improved Fourier expansion‐based differential quadrature method implements auxiliary functions in order to approximate functional derivatives up to the fourth order, with respect to the Fourier differential quadrature method that has a basis made of sines and cosines. All the present applications are related to literature comparisons and the presentation of new results for further investigation within the same topic. A study of such kind has never been proposed in the literature, and it could be useful as a reference for future investigation in this matter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The radar net fighting efficiency evaluation is realized by using system theory and disperse mathematics method. The index system evaluates the radar net fighting efficiency according to practicable degree,reliability degree,detecting ability,monitoring ability,information processing ability,and survival ability. The evaluation process establishes the radar net index system based on synthetically considering the all-side,reasonable,independent index. The evaluation index is achieved after ensuring weight,quantizing index,analyzing scientifically.


The m-polar and multi-dimensional data sets given a platform to deal with multi--valued attributes. In this case, a problem addressed that sometimes the attributes may contain many types of opposites, non--opposites and neutrals values as for example Rainbow. One of the best examples is sports data sets where each time the value of an attribute changes several time towards the given team, the opposition of the given team as well as draw conditions. The precise representation of these types of data sets and their mathematical analysis are crucial tasks for the research communities. The current paper tried to develop new mathematical set theories for precise representation and analysis of sports data via plithogenic set and its mathematical algebra.


This paper presents three modes of energy cost analysis and explores their interrelationships through algebraic discussions and numerical examples taken from ten synthetic fuel energy technologies. The depreciable capital component of total cost is analyzed for the technologies using preliminary estimates of their costs and perfomances. The numerical examples show that the three modes of analysis, when used with properly adjusted discount rates, produce the same ranking of the technologies.


We use heat-kernel techniques in order to compute the one-loop effective action in the cubic Galileon theory for a background that realizes the Vainshtein mechanism. We find that the UV divergences are suppressed relative to the predictions of standard perturbation theory at length scales below the Vainshtein radius.


Underwater ambient noise spectra and amplitude distributions are described for data recorded during late spring conditions under the ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The ice was fast to the shore and provided 10/10 cover at the time. While the ambient noise was characterized by intense biological activity a diurnal, nonbiological component became apparent during the three‐day recording period. This component was found to be similar to that observed in Arctic measurements and attributed to surface cracking of the ice sheet under the influence of thermal stressing. In certain respects, however, this noise component was found to be different from its Arctic counterpart.


The design is the hardware of a dynamometer based on Atmega32 which was made in ATMEL.Ltd.In order to ensure exact signal output of the sensor,INA126 is used in the signal amplify circuit.In software design,over sample technology was used.Meanwhile,the dynamometer includes measure,display and alarm.The standard RS232 interface can communicate with the compute.To guarantee accuracy of measurement and adaptation to the environment,a thorough discussion on the software and hardware is conducted.


We establish multilinear L P bounds for a class of maximal multilinear averages of functions of one variable, reproving and generalizing the bilinear maximal function bounds of Lacey (2000). As an application we obtain almost everywhere convergence results for these averages, and in some cases we also obtain almost everywhere convergence for their ergodic counterparts on a dynamical system.


This short article traces some of the ways in which professional understandings of disciplinary literacies have changed and how Nea Stewart-Dore throughout her career contributed to the evolution of the concept of disciplinary literacy.


The Closterium peracerosum–strigosum–littorale (C. psl.) complex consists of unicellular algae and is known to be composed of several reproductively isolated mating groups of heterothallic strains. Group I‐E is completely isolated from mating groups II‐A and II‐B, groups II‐A and II‐B are partially isolated from each other, and only mating‐type plus (mt+) cells of group II‐A and mating‐type minus (mt−) cells of group II‐B form zygotes. Based on the alignment of 1506 group I introns, significant phylogenetic relationships were observed among mating groups II‐A and II‐B, while mating group I‐E was distant from groups II‐A and II‐B. Sexual cell division in both mating‐type cells of group II‐A was stimulated in conditioned media in which cells of group II‐B had been cultured. When mt− cells of group II‐B were stimulated in conditioned medium derived from group II‐A, mt+ cells of group II‐B did not respond to the conditioned medium. Conditioned media derived from group I‐E did not exhibit sexual cell division (SCD)–inducing activity against any strain except those within its own group. From the alignment of deduced amino acid sequences from orthologous protoplast‐release‐inducing protein (PR‐IP) Inducer genes, we detected a significant similarity among groups II‐A and II‐B, and mating group I‐E had low similarity to other mating groups. The existing degree of reproductive isolation can be partially explained by differences in molecular structures and physiological activities of sex pheromones of these heterothallic mating groups.


Permanent magnets are superior to electromagnets in generating strong multipole magnetic fields. Their fields are sometimes stronger than those that can be generated by superconducting magnets with the same bore radius, when the number of poles are higher. Three fabricated multipoles including a quadrupole magnet for the ILC (International Linear Collider) final focus doublet, a quadrupole magnets as a spin filter for cold neutrons, and a sextupole magnet for neutron beam focusing are described.


This study uses firm level data to investigate the investment behavior in the Kenyan manufacturing firms. Using Probit and Tobit regression models the results shows that factors determining the decision to invest are different from those determining the share invested. Overall the results shows low levels of investment by Kenyan manufacturing firms and the importance of firm level data in explaining the investment behavior. On the policy front the study observes the role of government in the provision of stable macroeconomic policies, affordable credit and basic infrastructure in order to attract investment in this sector.


Direct access to trifluoromethyl-substituted aziridines through the use of a protocol in which trifluoromethyl diazomethane is generated in situ and subsequently undergoes addition to activated imines is reported.


The influence of ultraviolet and x radiation and alpha particles from Po on leaves of Begonia Semperflorens were studied. Damage to the leaves was considered to be due to the decomposition of desoxyribonuuleic acid. (OTS)


Background: There has been an increasing interest in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive diagnostic modality for further characterizing suspicious breast lesions detected with mammography or ultrasound. This study was designed with the primary aim to study usefulness of MRI in patients presenting with breast related complaints. Methods and Materials: Our study group consisted of 30 lesions in 28 patients chosen for breast MRI, for lesions suspicious of malignancy and for pre-operative evaluation in diagnosed cases of carcinoma breast. The imaging was performed on 1.5 T Phillips ACHIEVA MRI machine with dedicated breast coil & Siemens MAMMOMAT mammography machine. Standard protocols for MRI breast were followed as per the institutional guidelines. Results and conclusion: In our study, we successfully used MRI–BIRADS lexicon for describing lesion morphology. MR imaging can be utilized as an important breast imaging modality as complimentary tool. Both malignant and benign lesions are identified more confidently with high-resolution MR imaging compared to conventional mammography.


Members of the Committee must agree not to seek office while serving on the committee. If a sitting member of the committee determines he/she would like to seek office, he/she must resign and will not be eligible for consideration as a candidate until the next election cycle, which begins after his/her resignation from the Committee. For example, if a member resigns in May, they would not be eligible to run for office until the next election cycle, beginning in February of the following year.


Self-supervised learning has attracted plenty of recent research interest. However, most works for self-supervision in speech are typically unimodal and there has been limited work that studies the interaction between audio and visual modalities for cross-modal self-supervision. This article (1) investigates visual self-supervision via face reconstruction to guide the learning of audio representations; (2) proposes an audio-only self-supervision approach for speech representation learning; (3) shows that a multi-task combination of the proposed visual and audio self-supervision is beneficial for learning richer features that are more robust in noisy conditions; (4) shows that self-supervised pretraining can outperform fully supervised training and is especially useful to prevent overfitting on smaller sized datasets. We evaluate our learned audio representations for discrete emotion recognition, continuous affect recognition and automatic speech recognition. We outperform existing self-supervised methods for all tested downstream tasks. Our results demonstrate the potential of visual self-supervision for audio feature learning and suggest that joint visual and audio self-supervision leads to more informative audio representations for speech and emotion recognition.


OF UNUSUALLY YOUNG Sm-Nd AGES. C. Floss, G. Crozaz, M. Liu and E. R. D. Scott. Laboratory for Space Sciences and Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7. Hawai'i Insititute of Geophysics and Planetology, SOEST, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.


Bird species richness and individual species densities were measured in wetland complexes in 1998. These values were then related to habitat variables within the complexes and to area of wetland habitat in the surrounding landscape. The percentage of wetland area within a complex that was covered with emergent vegetation and the total area of wetland habitat in the 3 km surrounding each complex were significant predictors of species richness. A perimeter-to-area ratio was the most frequently selected variable for inclusion in species-density models, being selected for 8 of 15 models. Five species' densities were related to the percentage of the wetland area that was covered by emergent vegetation, and 4 densities were related to the area covered by weak-stemmed wet-meadow vegetation. Densities of 5 species, as well as the overall species richness, were associated with a measure of the amount of wetland habitat within a 3-km buffer surrounding the wetland complexes. This indicates that the presence and abundance of some wetland bird species may be influenced by the amount of wetland habitat nearby. Thus, programs that encourage restoration of tracts of land that contain multiple wetland basins should be emphasized to maximize benefits to the wetland bird community.


We present a novel transform, called anisotropic chirplet transform, for the time-frequency analysis of overlapping signals. This transform is motivated by a desire to characterize micro-Doppler signals from the continuous wave radars, especially a challenging topic for instantaneous frequency (IF) estimation in high noise environments. By combining the instantaneous rotating angle with the anisotropic operator, an optimal time-frequency-varying window width is achieved to directionally compensate for the energy of each component. In addition, the chirplet ridge detection algorithm based on the anisotropic chirplet transform is further proposed to extract chirplet ridges in noisy signals. The proposed method is applied to analyze overlapping multicomponent signals with a high noise, which demonstrates its effectiveness in the simulated examples and application data sets.


Around the World, advents of e-learning and its applications have given tertiary establishments a better operating system to broaden their educational system via invents like the internet which offers learners with versatility and ubiquity to embrace e-learning education anywhere and at anytime. Unfortunately, in Nigeria, minimal studies have been conducted to explore the factors conducive to students' acclaimed versatility regarding e-learning. This study applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as foundation to investigate Nigerian students' perception to embrace e-learning. Variance Based Analysis-Amos was employed on the 869 responses from students in five Nigerian tertiary establishments. This study revealed power supply, technical resources, perceptive usefulness and ease as significantly important to embracing e-learning when regressed on intent to e-learning. Except ease of use and technical resources, all the factors paths regressed were significant to e-learning acceptability. Squared multiple of 74% accomplished, findings and recommendations were thereafter presented.


In recent years, the mechanistic-empirical design method has become popular for pavement design. In the mechanistic-empirical design of geogrid-stabilized roads, elastic solutions for the geogrid-s...


Significance: The authors report the highly enantioselective synthesis of various vinyl arenes via a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. The vinyl-arene compounds were easily transformed into binaphthyl skeletons or phosphine compounds. The authors also demonstrate an application of the product as a chiral phosphine–olefin ligand in an allylic substitution reaction. Comment: The reported coupling reaction involves oxidative addition of palladium(0) to bromoarenes, reaction with the diazo compound to generate a palladium–carbene species, migratory insertion and β-hydride elimination. A broad substrate scope was demonstrated and a range of chiral vinyl arenes were obtained. These products might be a new class of chiral phosphine–olefin ligands. Br


This chapter describes the situation of unaccompanied children who have sought asylum and are living in Australia. The chapter highlights changing immigration policy towards unaccompanied children, and the outcome of an increasingly restrictive regime. It critiques their treatment within a human rights and rights of the child framework and discuss the challenges and dilemmas faced by service providers charged with the care and supervision of these children. It concludes with some reflections on models of care that address young people's needs, promote their rights and challenge the broader political and policy context that impacts so determinately on these children and young adults current well-being and on their futures.


The performance of the spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM systems in the presence of phase noise and channel estimation error was analyzed to further understand effects of phase noise and channel estimation error on the spatially correlated multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM) systems.The complex envelope of the spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM signal was expressed in model.Symbol signal to noise model was derived and a performance degradation measure was defined and expressed for the spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM systems in the presence of phase noise and channel estimation error.The results of performance degradation of the spatially correlated MIMO-OFDM systems between the theoretical calculations and computer simulations match well in the presence of phase noise and channel estimation error.


We examine the first activation of the Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB) as macroprudential tool of Basel III. Our short-term analysis examines how banks adjust their rejections and pricing of mortgages. We then study how bank capitalization and balance sheet structures respond over the longer term. We combine unique records of responses from multiple banks per mortgage application with supervisory bank-level information covering all Swiss banks. We find that the CCyB causes more CCyB-sensitive banks to raise their mortgage rates relatively more. Over the longer-term, these differential price increases reflect in differential balance sheet adjustments that have likely strengthened the resilience of the Swiss banking system. Our results also suggest that risk-weighting schemes do not amplify the CCyB effect.


Recently there is a move to study entrepreneurship as expertise: a set of skills, models, and processes that can be acquired with time and deliberate practice. Effectual reasoning, or expert entrepreneurial reasoning, however, does not begin with a specific goal. Instead, it begins with a given set of means and allows goals to emerge contingently over time from the varied imagination and diverse aspirations of the founders and the people they interact with.

Keywords:

effectuation;
expertise;
cognition


This book challenges prevalent assumptions concerning the persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal in 1496-7. It pieces together the developments that led to the events of 1496-7 and presents a detailed reconstruction of the persecution itself.


A good inventory system can be seen from how an inventory is reported correctly and accurately on the company's balance sheet. In order for this to be achieved, it is necessary again to be precise and precise in terms of recording, appraising and determining the cost of goods. Apart from being very influential in the company's financial statements, this will also affect the supervision of the company's inventory which is indirectly related to the supervision of the company's employees itself.The purpose of this study was to clearly determine the application of the method of recording and assessing the Aqua Mineral Water supply at UD Kaltim Makmur in accordance with PSAK No. 14 concerning Inventory. The analytical method used in writing this thesis is quantitative descriptive analysis.The results of this study concluded that the application of the Aqua Mineral Water supply recording method at UD Kaltim Makmur was not in accordance with PSAK No. 14. The inventory recording method used by UD Kaltim Makmur is the periodic method. The use of the periodic recording method at UD Kaltim Makmur is not in accordance with PSAK No. 14, which should use a perpetual method or with the use of inventory cards. UD Kaltim Makmur calculates the inventory value without using the cost formula required in PSAK No. 14, so the method used by UD Kaltim Makmur is not in accordance with PSAK No. 14.


The background of this research is to analize what is the effect of consumers perception to their attitude and intention towards of their actual usage on internet insurance service. There is a rapid growth in number of internet usage and users in Indonesia until 2012 for 55 million people users, thus its giving a good business opportunity in industry. For the finance business industry, the internet insurance service adoption is at the introduction stage. There are several differences between internet insurance service and common service. Therefore the insurance company needs to have a good insight of their consumer perceptions towards of internet insurance usage for improving their services. The Structural Equation Modelling used to analising the data collected proceeds by LISREL 8.70. The results of this research are there are revelations of positif effect for trust, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use towards of attitudes and intentions to internet insurance services actual usage, howevere there are no revelations of positif effect for trust towards of intention to use.


The article describes the results of the research carried out on the evaluation of the influence of friction pairs (rubber belt – belt pulley in belt drive) on the ability to transmit power. In order to determine the characteristics of the belt drive operation, measurements were made on a real belt drive from the drive train of a light two-wheeled vehicle. The measurement was carried out in conditions of changes in the dynamic load. The measurements of the belt slip on the belt pulley within the whole range of the changes of gear ratios and angular speed of the engine were made. During the tests, belts made from various rubber mixtures were compared. The values of the friction coefficients between the surface of belts and the belt pulley were measured. Model analyses of the impact of belt slip on the wheel related to the temperature of belt drive elements were also made. Generally, one can ascertain that, in belt drive systems, power losses are a combination of speed losses and torque losses. The increase in the efficiency of belt drives is possible by decreasing power losses. It is possible to obtain the high performance of continuously variable transmission belt drives with a V- belt solely with the proper choice of the design parameters, which is possible only after the exact recognition of the operational characteristics unique to this class of belt drive systems.


A machine learning approach to shear sonic log prediction is demonstrated. The results of this approach were compared to that of an approach based on the Greenberg-Castagna empirical method. This approach is based on supervised machine learning and is implemented in MATLAB. While the Greenberg-Castagna method is an empirical method that attempts to predict shear velocity log from compressional velocity log for various pure and composite lithologies, this approach uses, in addition to compressional velocity log as the main predictor, several other logging measurements as predictors including gamma ray, bulk density, neutron, resistivity, porosity and water saturation logs. A dataset which includes wells with recorded shear velocity logs is used to train and validate the machine learning model. A feature selection process is performed to highlight which of the logs would be good predictors of shear velocity (VS). Various regression models are then trained, and the predicted values compared to the actual for the various models by their root-mean-square errors (RMSE), and the model with the smallest RMSE is chosen. Predictions are then carried out on another well within the dataset, which serves as the validation set. The results show improvement in the accuracy of the predictions over the linear regression model based on the Greenberg-Castagna method, as measured by the RMSE. The case study also demonstrates the potential of carrying out shear sonic log prediction in hydrocarbon-bearing intervals, which is a limitation of the Greenberg-Castagna method which only works in brine-saturated rocks. This approach would provide improved accuracy where shear sonic logs are absent and need to be predicted for geomechanics, rock physics and other applications. This is particularly important in older fields where shear sonic logs were never acquired in the older wells.


A series of numerical simulations were conducted using the process-based model XBeach to investigate dune response under normal and getting rid of infragravity wave conditions with different slopes. Erosion volume upside the dune toe and dune top recession are set as indicators for dune vulnerability as well as defence capacity for its front-beach. Results show that both dune erosion volume and dune top recession decrease with gentler dune slopes. Of all the simulation cases, dune with a face slope of 1/1 lost most sand and supplied most sand for lower-bed. The presence of infragravity waves is validated to be crucial to dune vulnerability. The dune erosion volume is shown to decrease by 44.5%∼61.5% and the dune top recession decreased by 0%∼45.5% correspondingly, in the case that infragravity motion is not taken into account during simulation for different dune slopes.


This paper concerns netal skeleton used in vegetables greenhouse.According to manufacturing specifications and building shape of metal skeleton in practice,the appropriate mechanics model was set up.Taking the load situations in Lanzhou into consideration,the corresponding load combinations were adopted to analyze the member mechanics property.As the result,several related design coefficients were derived and some modifying suggestions and conclusions were made.


The invention relates to an axial flow energy-saving fan blade shaped by compression method, which is formed by hollow wing main body and solid tail edge, wherein the blade handle is inserted into the arc base of main chamber of wing to be fixed with the wing main body; another end of blade handle is fixed on the hub of blade wheel; the inner radius of blade is mounted with sealing plate, while the outer radius is mounted with end cover plate; the end cover plate has several water outlets; according to the size of the arc length of blade, several strengthen bars are arranged inside the chamber of main body to improve the blade rigidity; based on large fan, the main body can use segmented structure, while the segments are coupled by wedge grooves, without integrated mould and large compressor, to reduce the cost.


[Abstract] This paper describes a process for defining an optimized aerodynamic configuration (as opposed to selecting the "better of multiple point design candidates"), that satisfies the performance requirements for worst case environments and worst case aerodynamic uncertainties. Also described is a process for improving the accuracy of wind tunnel test results by experimentally determining, and correcting for the effects of flow inclination and model/balance/sting misalignment.


Introduction: Sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for several diseases. Validation of questionnaires on sedentary activity is a great challenge. Objectives: To translate, culturally adapt and validate the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire (ASAQ) among school children Methods: Back translation method was used to translate ASAQ into Sinhala language (ASAQ-S). Cultural adaptation and judgmental validity were ensured using a panel of experts. Criterion validity was assessed by comparing ASAQ-S data with the reference standard, which was the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer worn on the waist. The study population consisted of 42 school children aged 14-15 years. Sedentary activity time was taken from the accelerometer recorded data as total hours per day. The ASAQ-S has 14 items and then total sedentary time was calculated by summing up the activities of all seven days. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: The average sedentary time was 11.7 (SD=3.4) hours per day recorded by an accelerometer and from the ASAQ-S 9.0 (SD=2.3) hours per day. An ICC for total sedentary activity time between the accelerometer and ASAQ-S was 0.52 (95% CI=0.08, 0.78) and Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.55 (p Conclusions: The validity of ASAQ-S was satisfactory and can be used as a tool to assess adolescent sedentary behaviour.


Depth maps are used in many applications, e.g. 3D television, stereo matching, segmentation, etc. Often, depth maps are available at a lower resolution compared to the corresponding image data. For these applications, depth maps must be upsampled to the image resolution. Recently, joint bilateral filters are proposed to upsample depth maps in a single step. In this solution, a high-resolution output depth is computed as a weighted average of surrounding low-resolution depth values, where the weight calculation depends on spatial distance function and intensity range function on the related image data. Compared to that, we present two novel ideas. Firstly, we apply anti-alias prefiltering on the high-resolution image to derive an image at the same low resolution as the input depth map. The upsample filter uses samples from both the high-resolution and the low-resolution images in the range term of the bilateral filter. Secondly, we propose to perform the upsampling in multiple stages, refining the resolution by a factor of 2×2 at each stage. We show experimental results on the consequences of the aliasing issue, and we apply our method to two use cases: a high quality ground-truth depth map and a real-time generated depth map of lower quality. For the first use case a relatively small filter footprint is applied; the second use case benefits from a substantially larger footprint. These experiments show that the dual image resolution range function alleviates the aliasing artifacts and therefore improves the temporal stability of the output depth map. On both use cases, we achieved comparable or better image quality with respect to upsampling with the joint bilateral filter in a single step. On the former use case, we feature a reduction of a factor of 5 in computational cost, whereas on the latter use case, the cost saving is a factor of 50.


The construction of housing developments of social interest has been carried out throughout Brazil without much reflection on how "the repetition of housing types" can meet the culture, the family arrangement or the needs of quite different lives. Thus, post-occupation evaluation (POE) has been widely discussed in Brazil as a means of promoting technical and theoretical argumentation, using methodological tools to qualify buildings, not only on technical aspects, but also on the user. In this sense, the hypothesis is that the decrease of free and built spaces negatively affects the quality of privacy and the quality of social interactions in housing developments of vertical multifamily social interest (HIS-mv). To do so, this research aims to identify and analyze, through the study of the Tocantins Residences 1 and 2, located in the city of Uberlândia-MG, the circumstances in which the design of the built environment affects the privacy of its residents. To present this study, the research is structured methodologically in five approaches: i) multidisciplinary discussion about the concept of privacy; (ii) characterization and contextualization of the object of study and its residents; (iii) the methodology used in the research; (iv) the application and results of POE instruments (technical analysis on graphic pieces, walkthroughs, questionnaires and interviews) used to evaluate the quality of intraand extra-residential privacy; (v) the final considerations and their refutations of findings on recommendations for new HIS-mv. The results of the research showed that the quality of the privacy in the home is more strongly related to the degree of intimacy among its residents, than to the design of the dwelling, while the quality of the privacy of the home is related to the lack of spaces for the collective recreation and the appropriation of residual elements of construction, which in turn, becomes a facilitator for the emergence of conflicts of coexistence. Finally, this research advances in the field of POE, on the methodological procedures to evaluate the quality of privacy in HIS and brings new design parameters to be considered in future housing developments of vertical social interest, in order to improve the quality of privacy as well as improving social relations with the new neighborhood.


Summary

The flexuous filamentous particles of wineberry latent virus (WLV) were found to measure 620. 12 nm and not 510. 12 nm as previously reported. Analysis of dsRNA from infected plants detected a major species of c. 5.7. 106 mol. wt and minor species of lower mol. wt. Purified virus particles formed a major and a minor buoyant density component in solutions of caesium salts with densities of 1.26 and 1.25 g cm-3 in Cs2SO4 and 1.30 and 1.29 g cm-3 in CsCl. The particles contained a single nucleic acid species, presumably single stranded RNA, and a single polypeptide of estimated mol. wt 2.78. 106 and 31 000 respectively. In indirect ELISA, purified particles of WLV and particles in plant sap failed to react specifically with antiserum to nine carlaviruses, 12 potexviruses, three capilloviruses or apple chlorotic leafspot closterovirus, nor was WLV found to react with several of these antisera in immunosorbent electron microscopy or immunoblots. In Marion and Olallie blackberry, WLV in mixture with raspberry bushy dwarf virus (RBDV), but not RBDV alone, induced veinal line-pattern symptoms resembling those of calico disease reported from the USA.


Hong Kong received more than 25 million visitors in 2006 with a forecasted 16 percent increase for 2007. Visitors from all over the world have brought more interactions between diverse visitors and local residents. Country parks (national parks) around the world increasingly serve as international visitor attractions and play an important role in the international tourism industry. Because of the demand for better responsiveness and high quality service from government agencies, the concern about how to serve a diverse international clientele has emerged as an important issue in parks and recreation management. Guided by previous research on cross-cultural differences, the purpose of this study was to examine the causal relationships between culture and marketing factors (i.e., service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions) or recreational factors (i.e., experience, crowding) within the context of country park recreation in Hong Kong. Surveys of visitors to the Pokfulam Country Park (PCP) near metropolitan Hong Kong were conducted in 2005-2006. Using a systematic random selection approach and purposive sampling at sites known to be heavily used by visitors with diverse cultural backgrounds, a sample of 253 Hong Kong residents, 153 Mainland Chinese Visitors, and 233 Westerners (including American, British, Australian, and European) was obtained. The data was formulated into a structural model using six constructs in the context of parks and recreation including culture, experience, crowding, service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. The results showed acceptable validity and reliability of measures in the constructs across four models (i.e., the overall, Hong Kong residents, Mainland Chinese Visitors, and Westerners models). The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed the effects of culture on the marketing factors were much stronger than the effects of culture on the recreational factors. Further analysis of the three subgroup models showed patterns similar to those in the overall model, but culture had no significant effects on the other five constructs (i.e., there is no significant direct paths stemmed from culture to experience, crowding, service quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions) in the Mainlander model. Discussion of the findings, management implications and future research are suggested.


This paper reports the results of Phase I of a study of heavy-duty diesel inspection and maintenance (I and M). Heavy-duty diesel vehicles have generally been exempted from IandM programs, due to the lack of a suitable inspection procedures and uncertainty as to the reduction in excess emissions which might result. This paper describes common types of tampering and malmaintenance which can lead to excess emissions from heavy-duty diesel trucks and buses, and presents the results of two surveys aimed at estimating the frequency of occurrence of these problems. Data showing the effects of some of these problems on engine emissions are also presented.


The Kyoto Protocol provides three mechanisms that would allow transfers or crediting of emission reductions achieved in other countries. Reductions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission are attained at the lowest possible cost, with equal benefit to the environment. Developing countries can benefit from the investment of funds available for project development, gain new emission_reduction technology, and earn a profit by selling their emission reductions credit. The core issue of carbon trade is whether there is enough carbon sequestration credit for trading after offsetting the CO_2 emission. This paper compared and synthesized most of the potential and existing manners of CO_2 emission reduction and carbon sequestration in current aspects of techniques, cost_effective, effect on the carbon sink of ecosystem and other aspects. Large_scale biogas cogeneration or co_firing in coal power stations with cost_effective and energy_saving measures can reach better emission_reduction benefit and carbon sequestration efficiency. The process of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystem, which can remove carbon from the atmosphere and sequester it in biomass and soil, is most safety and efficiency, with no expense of CO_2 separation and purification as well. Not only forest ecosystem possesses one of the most reliable carbon sequestration processes, but also the large_scale grassland soil and farmland soil do have. As a result, some projects related to CO_2 emission reduction and carbon sequestration, such as establishing natural forest and grassland reserves, planting high_yield woodland, setting up artificial pasture with high productivity and stable yield, adopting way of eco_agriculture, remaining more straw in the field, making the best use of marginal land to grow bio_energy,promoting the exploitation of bio_energy and other projects, which are cost_efficient and suitable for China, should be conducted to enforce and increase carbon sequestration of terrestrial ecosystem in accordance with their respective characters.


Formation of high-precision fine resist patterns has been achieved by an effective removal of dissolved resist polymers, that is, the reaction products of the development process. Also, it has been found that the reaction products give rise to the degradation of the resist contrast, resist sensitivity, and process margins. In order to remove the reaction products, two techniques have been employed, namely physical method of development with agitation (ultrasonic waves or with a stirrer) and chemical method of adding surfactant to the developer. By combining physical and chemical methods, the dissolved polymers have been effectively removed, thus allowing the resist to reveal its inherent patterning pertormance.


This paper analyses the effect of adding Bitcoin, to the portfolio (stocks, bonds, Baltic index, MXEF, gold, real estate and crude oil) of an international investor by using daily data available from 2nd of July, 2010 to 2nd of August, 2016. We conclude that adding Bitcoin to portfolio, over the course of the considered period, always yielded a higher Sharpe ratio. This means that Bitcoin's returns offset its high volatility. This paper, recognizing the fact that Bitcoin is a relatively new asset class, gives the readers a basic idea about the working of the virtual currency, the increasing number developments in the financial industry revolving around it, its unique features and the detailed look into its continuously growing acceptance across different fronts (Banks, Merchants and Countries) globally. We also construct optimal portfolios to reflect the highly lucrative and largely unexplored opportunities associated with investment in Bitcoin. Keywords—Portfolio management, Bitcoin, optimization, Sharpe ratio.


Thermal denaturation studies as a function of pH were carried out on wild‐type iso‐1‐cytochrome c and three variants of this protein at the solvent‐exposed position 73 of the sequence. By examining the enthalpy and Tm at various pH values, the heat capacity increment (ACP), which is dominated by the degree of change in nonpolar hydration upon protein unfolding, was found for the wild type where lysine 73 is normally present and for three variants. For the Trp 73 variant, the ACP value (1.15 ± 0.17 kcal/mol K) decreased slightly relative to wild‐type iso‐1‐cytochrome c (1.40 ± 0.06 kcal/mol K), while for the He 73 (1.65 ± 0.07 kcal/mol K) and the Val 73 (1.50 ± 0.06 kcal/mol K) variants, ACP increased slightly. In previous studies, the Trp 73, He 73, and Val 73 variants have been shown to have decreased m‐values in guanidine hydrochloride denaturations relative to the wild‐type protein (Herrmann L, Bowler BE, Dong A, Caughey WS. 1995. The effects of hydrophilic to hydrophobic surface mutations on the denatured state of iso‐1 ‐cytochrome c: Investigation of aliphatic residues. Biochemistry 34:3040‐3047). Both the m‐value and ACP are related to the change in solvent exposure upon unfolding and other investigators have shown a correlation exists between these two parameters. However, for this subset of variants of iso‐1‐cytochrome c, a lack of correlation exists which implies that there may be basic differences between the guanidine hydrochloride and thermal denaturations of this protein. Spectroscopic data are consistent with different denatured states for thermal and guanidine hydrochloride unfolding. The different response of m‐values and &CP for these variants will be discussed in this context.


Executive Overview The issue of social responsibility, manifested as an organization's caring efforts for its employees and the environment, has considerable importance in business practice and research. Although there is a groundswell of interest supporting organizations that dare to care, the bounds of what it means to care, especially the organizational implications of caring, have yet to be established. In this exchange, I argue that it is certainly within the responsibility of an organization's leaders to develop socially responsible practices, but the nature of industry and the institutional environments in which organizations exist jeopardize the competitiveness of organizations that implement such practices. Further, globalization amplifies the economic risks to the organizations that dare to care. Organizational leaders thus need to proactively change the nature of their competitive environment to one more supportive of social responsibility. Organizational leaders can do so through their influen...


For self-similar sets E (?) n with the Open Set Condition and of Hausdorff dimension s 0, we introduce the isodiametric inequality Hs|E(X) ≤|X|s and the corresponding extremal sets U (?) Rn with positive diameter such that Hs|E(U) = |U|s. Here Hs|E(·) is the s dimensional Hausdorff measure restricted to E, and |X| is the diameter of the set X in the standard Euclidean metric. If s = n, disks/balls are the unique extremal sets; if s ∈ (1,n), we have few ideas on properties of the extremal domains, but a few negative candidates. We can see that these isodiametric inequalities are related to the searching for exact value of Hs(E). Particularly, we take the Sierpinski gasket as an example, showing what the difficulty is or where it lies to find the the exact value of its In3/In2 dimensional Hausdorff measure. In some sense, this explains why, except for trivial examples, there are up to now no concrete self-similar sets with the Open Set Condition and of Hausdorff dimension larger than 1 such that the exact value of its Hausdorff measure has been calculated.


Digitization is the inevitable trend of social development, in order to meet the requirements of social development, the apparel industry also called for the speeding up of digitization to improve the technological content of the garment industry. With visualization, virtual reality and other emerging computer technologies emerge and promotion, fashion design in terms of design, style and methods are subject to convey a profound impact. This paper analyzes the virtual reality technology in the field of fashion design developments and sumarize its developing trend in coming dacades.


Paul E. Brauchle Illinois State University lies in the flat plains of central Illinois, about half way between St. Louis and Chicago, along Interstate 55. The oldest state-supported university in Illinois, it was chartered in 1857. Abraham Lincoln did some of the original legal work that created the campus. Originally a teacher's college, known at that time as a "Normal School," the university resides in a town called—with great economy of logic—Normal, Illinois. Graduate studies began there in 1943, and by 1996 the 19,000 student university had about 2,646 graduate students in 33 master's and 8 doctoral programs. One of these master's programs resides in the Industrial Technology Department within the College of Applied Science and Technology. The department supports about 450 undergraduate majors and 41 graduate students—a similar proportion of graduates to undergraduates as the university as a whole. The industrial technology graduate program leads to a master's degree in industrial technology with a focus on industrial technical training. That's the way it is now, but that's not the way it was. Ten years ago the program looked like many traditional industrial technology programs that had emerged from our common roots of manual arts, industrial arts, and industrial education. It was loosely focused on a technology/engineering model and was moderately successful. Then something happened that shook the program to its core and caused changes that no one had anticipated, changes that propelled us kicking and screaming into an area where we were not sure we wanted to go and had never been before, into terra incognita.


This study examines three rhetorical techniques that Franklin D. Roosevelt used in his "First Inaugural Address" to announce and implement his New Deal. The various speech drafts examined reveal that FDR himself purposefully used military metaphor, the scapegoat, and the carrot‐and‐stick approach to accomplish certain persuasive goals.


As the main determinant of carbon balance, soil respiration is one of the major pathways for carbon loss from the soil to atmosphere and is largely influenced by soil temperature and soil moisture. During the growing season, discrete rainfall events create an important disturbance to soil respiration and lead to large uncertainties in estimating carbon exchange, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In order to examine the effect of rainfall events on soil respiration, measurements were conducted in natural rainfall conditions at a field site in the Hulunber meadow steppe.Soil respiration was continuously monitored by an automated chamber system (LI⁃8150) during the growing seasons from 2009 to 2012.Five chambers (diameter 20 cm) were set in the field with at least 10 m separation between them.The results showed that the response of soil respiration to rainfall displayed different patterns, including the "birch effect" and "inhibiting effect" .Soil respiration doubled in the 1—2 hours during or after rainfall. Once rainfall reached 7—8 mm or the soil water content reached 29%—30%, which was almost equal to the value of field moisture capacity, soil respiration would be inhibited and noticeably decreased.It was suggested that moderate rainfall may stimulate the roots and microbial activities, thus enhancing soil respiration.However, heavy rainfall or an excess of moisture could reduce the soil air⁃filled pore space and increase anaerobism, suppressing soil CO2 flux. The increase in diurnal average soil respiration was often expressed on the day following rainfall when the "birch effect" occurred, but decreased on the day of rainfall when the " inhibiting effect" was


ABSTRACT The SSARR model is applied to simulate flood levels in the Mekong river delta. The Mekong and Bassac rivers which are two main rivers and the Vaico river are interlaced together with canals and floodplains with storage. The flow exchanges between these rivers, and the tidal influences in their estuarial reaches make it necessary to utilize the backwater mode of the SSARR model in the simulation. In addition to the backwater mode, the diversion algorithm of the SSARR model is also used to take into account the over bank flow conditions. Since the river storages during the flood periods are considerable, the rivers have been divided into several storage reaches or reservoirs. The flow between these storage reaches depends on the water level differences between each pair. Moreover, the various flood plain storages are also represented by a network of interconnected storage reaches or reservoirs. The upstream boundary condition is the discharge in the Mekong river at Phnom Penh, and the downstream bo...


Large woody debris has been well studied in coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest, but little is known of its role in Rocky Mountain streams. Large woody debris was measured in 11 undisturbed streams draining subalpine old-growth forests in north central Colorado to assess abundance, characteristics, and function. Although large woody debris in Colorado had smaller diameter, length, and volume than in the Pacific Northwest, its abundance and function were similar. The majority of pools (76%) were plunge and dammed pools formed by large woody debris, most of which spanned the channels perpendicular to stream flow. Smaller streams had a greater proportion of such perpendicular pool-forming pieces than larger streams. Four disturbed streams had significantly less and smaller large woody debris than undisturbed streams. Flows in larger undisturbed streams were capable of moving large woody debris, so pieces were more often located at the stream margins, oriented diagonally, or distributed in clumps than in...


The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C16H11FO2, contains two independent molecules. The isochromene ring systems are planar and are oriented with respect to the fluorobenzene rings at dihedral angles of 87.15 (3) and 87.85 (3)° in the two molecules.


In the third decade of this century there were only a few avocado trees in Palestine. Avocado culture grew very slowly during the fourth and fifth decade, but during the last 12 years plantings have increased at a more rapid rate. There are now over 2,000 acres of avocados in the State of Israel. Since 1964 the planting of avocados is subject to the approval of the Fruit Marketing Board and is limited to a total of about 200 acres a year.


Coating consisting of thoroughly mixed binder epoxy and amine based hardener materials was applied by brush on sand blasted mild steel panels and rebars. The coated specimens were then subjected to the following tests: (i) salt spray test to study of corrosion resistance of the coating (ii) impact test for the characterization of mechanical damage of paint film (iii) pull out test for the bond strength between concrete mould and re-bar, (iv) chemical resistant test to alkali, acid and calcium chloride,(v) cathodic disbondment test for bonding and adhesive properties of coating and (vi) scratch resistance test to identify penetration of paint film. On the basis of the above tests, amine based cured liquid epoxy is highly alkali resistance. The coating also shows good performance under accelerated weathering, salt spray conditions, pull-out test and scratch resistance test.


FIELD: machine building. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions refers to vehicle brakes. Drum brake comprises first and second brake pads having first end pivotally connected to brake spider. First and second cam followers are located at respective second ends of brake pads. Cam engages cam follower with movement of cam causing brake pads to move between engagement and disengagement positions with brake surface. Cam followers are biased in such a way that center of first cam follower is located at first distance from brake center axis, and center of second cam follower is located at second distance from central axis, while first distance is different from second distance in order to improve direction of cam force vector. EFFECT: improvement in direction of braking forces is achieved to reduce mechanical stress, increase in efficiency and increase in thickness of brake linings. 29 cl, 4 dwg


I'm going to talk today about Powering Down in the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) and the INDOT reorganization. I would like to begin by talking about Powering Down, but first I need to let you know where I'm coming from with Power Down. It's not something that just came to me when I started in this position. It is something that happened to me a long time ago. It is surprising that two military people spoke before me, and you didn't hear any war stories. Well, I'm going to tell you one. It is a real war story that happened in Vietnam when I was a young Captain. I was a Corps of Engineers officer in the combat engineers. (If you haven't heard me before, I consider our maintenance engineers to be combat engineers also.) Part of my job was to support the infantry and the army. That was my responsibility. I was the captain, and had about 260 people working for me. We were a mechanized unit, and we drove armored personnel carriers. One day we had a mission to link up with an infantry unit and then go on an operation. We were travelling down the road in preparation for the link up, when my lead vehicle hit a mine — a land mine. No one was injured, but the mine blew the track off the armored personnel carrier. I had been in the country now for about six months, and had gone through a lot of turmoil with the people in my organization. I had gotten them to trust me. I emphasized many things in training, and we did a lot of battle drills. So, when that vehicle hit that mine, the people in my organization deployed as they should have deployed. They went into a 360 degree deployment. We always did that because you never knew when you hit a mine whether there might be somebody shooting at you from the side; an ambush. So we deployed. My immediate action was to first find out exactly what had happened and then, as usual in a combat situation, call into my headquarters to let them know what happened. You do that immediately in case you need help later on. So I called in. It looked like nothing else was going to happen, when all of a sudden, we started taking small arms fire from my right hand side. Again, we had been through battle drills, and my people knew how to react to the situation. They would lay down a base of fire from the organization on the right hand side of that 360 degree arc (at about three o'clock). They would then get another element that would maneuver to come in and hit the enemy from the side. By the way, the army engineers' secondary mission is to fight as infantry, so this was nothing extremely dangerous for the people in the organization. They were trained as infantry also. So, as soon as I started getting the small arms fire, I reported in to headquarters again and told them of my situation. I gave the coordinates where the small arms fire was coming from, and advised them that I might need some artillery fire


This is a continuation of the paper (3). We consider the Dirichlet Laplacian in a family of unbounded domains {x ∈ R, 0 <y<� h(x)} .T he main assumption is that x = 0 is the only point of global maximum of the pos- itive, continuous function h(x). We show that the number of eigenvalues lying below the essential spectrum indefinitely grows as � → 0, and find the two-term asymptotics in � → 0 of each eigenvalue and the one-term asymptotics of the corresponding eigenfunction. The asymptotic formulae obtained involve the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of an auxiliary ODE on R that depends only on the behavior of h(x )a sx → 0. The proof is based on a detailed study of the resolvent of the operator ∆.


In my revision of Justicia sect. Ansellia (Ensermu Kelbessa 1990), I expressed doubt as to the affinities of a specimen (Gillett, Beckett & Watson 23230, K) collected in Somalia, which did not match any of the known taxa of the section. Because of insufficient material I decided merely to mention this collection under one of the twelve species of the section, and to leave it undescribed until more collections became available. In May 1990, when the revision of Justicia sect. Ansellia was in press, Dr. M. Thulin and others collected more material and took photographs which clearly show it to be a new species which is described below.


Dialogue system technology offers interesting prospects for services to seniors living independently. A spoken or text dialog system can support services such as monitoring medication adherence, fall prevention and reporting, exercise and wellbeing coaching, entertainment, companionship and the maintenance of social networks. Such systems would amalgamate several different types of conversation or speech-exchange systems, from welldefined tasks to engaging talk. Knowledge of how these types of talk function is essential to system design. The ADELE project aims to build an agent, ADELE, which can provide a range of services to seniors. Below, we outline plans for the system and describe challenges we anticipate in implementing the system.


Abstract The utility of the Synperonic PE range of block copolymeric nonionic surfactants in the decontamination of soil is systematically investigated. In the case of the solubilization of naphthalene in the absence of soil by the six Synperonic PE surfactants studied, the molar solubilization ratio (MSR), which is a measure of the solubilizing power of surfactants in their aggregated (i.e. micellar) form, broadly increases with an increase in the weight percentage content of the hydrophobic polypropylene oxide portion of the surfactant. Significantly, solubility enhancements are substantial even below the tensiometrically determined critical micelle concentration. The sorption of a number of these surfactants onto a soil of organic carbon content 0.6% is shown to be described by Freundlich isotherms, and is significant, adding considerably to the organic content of the soil. However, the surfactants substantially reduce the soil-water partition coefficient of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene, indicating that they may potentially find applications in soil decontamination.


Purpose
This study aims to offer novel insights on how industrial marketing might contribute to bringing innovations to market in the peculiar case of health care. This study aims at shedding first light on how the alignment between dissemination and exploitation activities might contribute to bringing to market innovations developed by public–private partnerships funded by the European Commission (EC).

Design/methodology/approach
The theoretical development comes from an inductive research design based on the 42-month pan-European H2020 research project NESTORE aimed at developing an integrated portfolio of innovations for the healthy aging of European citizens.

Findings
This study advances the theory and practice of industrial marketing in health care by conceptualizing an actionable method to align dissemination and exploitation activities within EC-funded projects, facilitating that innovations will go to market. The method is composed of five phases. First, an external analysis to define market opportunities and users'/stakeholders' needs. Second, an internal analysis to identify the most promising exploitable outputs. Third, scenarios crystallization to define the most suitable scenarios (business models) to bring the selected exploitable outputs to market. Fourth, exploitation and dissemination alignment through the identification and involvement of the most relevant stakeholders. Fifth, scenario refinement and business plan.

Originality/value
This study is relevant because many EC-funded projects still fail to move innovations from labs to market, thus limiting the benefits for the European citizens and the competitiveness of Europe with respect to the USA and China. Although this relevance, past studies overlooked the peculiar context of EC-funded innovation projects, privileging pharmaceutical and biomedical companies. This study advance theory and practice of industrial marketing in health care.


Valmet Calenders and V.I.B. established an R&D technology partnership. They have together developed the newest calendering and spraying technology to suit on-line processes. A clear benefit of moisture gradient calendering was found in the studies. The paper presents the results.


Models incorporating merging between dayside magnetosheath and magnetosphere field lines predict the location of the magnetotail boundary layer and bending of magnetotail field lines in the direction of the IMF. We review previous observations supporting these models and reexamine a case of dense magnetotail boundary layer plasma and strongly bent field lines observed by ISEE 3. We discuss observations of boundary layer plasma within a tangential discontinuity magnetopause. Our model to explain this phenomenon requires that interconnected magnetotail and magnetosheath field lines leave the magnetotail via a narrow "window." Field lines in the dense boundary layer plasma veer away from the aberrated x axis more than those in the void magnetotail lobes in order to pass through the windows. Magnetosheath plasma must enter the magnetotail lobes through the windows at all downstream distances in order to supply the observed tailward flux of lobe plasma.


A customized metabolomics NMR database, TOCCATA, is introduced, which uses 13C chemical shift information for the reliable identification of metabolites, their spin systems and isomeric states. TOCCATA, whose information was derived from information of the BMRB and HMDB databases and the literature, currently contains 463 compounds and 801 spin systems and it can be used through a publicly accessible web server at http://spinportal.magnet.fsu.edu/toccata/ webquery.html. TOCCATA allows the identification of metabolites in the sub-mM concentration range from 13C-13C TOCSY experiments of complex mixtures, which is demonstrated for an E.coli cell lysate, a carbohydrate mixture, and an amino acid mixture, all of which were uniformly 13C-labeled.


Introduction : When entering to higher education, both, parents and students have a basic idea of the costs to be covered in the coming years; however, most will have needs that were not contemplated, which can generate economic imbalance in the family budget. To know the spending habits of higher students, an investigation that included general aspects as: characteristic of students, monthly income and egress, expenditure items and service coverage. Method : The study was cross-sectional, with the application of a survey of a stratified and statistically reliable sample of students of the Centro Universitario del Sur, of the University of Guadalajara, Mexico. The survey was conducted via Facebook and e-mal, and 2,201 surveys were collected. For validation, we apply a pilot test for 84 students who answered a questionnaire to assess clarity, relevance, order of questions and drafting. To measure internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was calculated, obtaining a value of .904, so that the instrument is highly reliable. Results : The results indicate that there are a variety of expenses that students have to make in the course of his studies; there is a disparity between the income received and expenditure made monthly. The areas in which they spend most of the students were food, transportation and materials study, and spend the least were fixed, arts and culture activities and sports most of which are free. Discussion or Conclusion : Students noted that at the beginning of his career, unaware of the different areas in which they had to spend in the university. They consider that, in general, Ciudad Guzman has sufficient basic services to meet their needs. However, we note that there are development opportunities in the areas of entertainment and sport, because although students consider that the demand is met, it would be appropriate to increase them to have a wider range of options


The undersigned will function as the new Editors of Acta Sociological for the period 1977-78. It has not been customary in the past for the editors to outline editorial policy, because this has been implicit in the articles published, but it seems to us that a more explicit presentation is needed. The role Acta plays as the Journal of the Scandinavian Sociological Association has perhaps not been too clearly defined to Scandinavian sociologists. ,


The 1/f-noise power spectra of coplanar current fluctuations in n-type doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) are measured before and after light-induced metastable defects (the Staebler-Wronski effect) are created. The noise spectral density for the annealed state is strongly non-Gaussian, with large correlations of the noise power between differing octaves. Upon illumination the noise becomes Gaussian and the correlation coefficients of the noise power decrease, which is consistent with an increase in the disorder at the mobility edge in a-Si:H in the light-soaked state


One of the characteristics of mathematics education in China is attaching great importance to students' basic knowledge and basic skills.In the past 20 years,many of mathematics educators in China have concerned about how to improve students' mathematical literacy.Since 2001,a new round of mathematics curriculum reform has been in place in China.Statistics is now involved in both primary and secondary school curriculums.It is necessary and urgent to initiate a discussion on how to develop students' statistical literacy in statistics education.Based on the literature review,presented is a statistical literacy model by illustrating components of statistical literacy and factors affecting statistically literate behavior.Take "variance" teaching as an example,some suggestions are given for developing students' statistical literacy.


Mathematical models are often needed for design and justification of computer control systems prior to installation. They may also become an integral part of the control system itself, providing a means for rapid and periodic determination of the best operating conditions. Using fundamental physical and chemical principles, relationships are written to describe typical process operations. Both steady-state and dynamic models are considered. By means of "constants" which will be modified by the control computer, the models can accommodate slow and minor changes arising from variables whose effects are poorly understood. Some applications of the models are mentioned. This paper is to be published in the Proceedings of the First IFAC Moscow Congress by Butterworth Scientific Publications in 1960.


Objective To observe the curative effect of arterial occlusive symptoms of low limbs treated with femoral profundaplasty.Methods From September 2005 to July 2006,26 patients with of arterial occlusive symptoms of low limbs were collected and randomly divided into femoral profundplasty group(treatment group) and traditional vascular bypass surgery(control group).Each group had 13 cases,of which the ankle/brachial index,the situation of symptoms improving,length of stay and complications were compared.Results After 3 months follow-up,the curative effect of the treatment group was better than that of control group,ankle/brachial index in post-treatment compared with those in pretherapy,there is significant difference;Ankle/brachial index,improving and length of stay of the two groups in post-treatment were statistically significant,complications that occurred in treatment group is less than the control group,but no statistical difference.Conclusion When the superficial femoral artery extensive occlusion occurred,femoral profundaplasty for reconstruction of limb blood circulation channel should be an effective surgical methods.Surgical is suitable for elderly patients with trauma little and convenient operation.


2 Abstract: The possibility of material recycling of inorganic slag by wet ball milling with distilled water and an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dehydrate (EDTA·2Na·2H2O) reagent was investigated. The wet ball milling of the simulated waste slag powder was performed using a ball mill pot and balls in air for 10 - 100 h at room temperature with the rotational speed fixed at 200 rpm. The fractions of CaO and Fe2O3 in the specimens obtained by wet-ball-milling the simulated waste slag powder decreased, that of SiO2 increased, and those of Al2O3 and Na2O hardly changed. These specimens contained 0.1 - 0.8mass% ZrO2. Appropriate solution and time for wet ball milling were 300 ml distilled water and 20 h, respectively. When the wet ball milling of the simulated waste slag powder was performed twice, the fractions of CaO, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 in the specimen obtained after repeated wet ball milling decreased, those of SiO2 and ZrO2 increased and that of Na2O hardly changed in comparison with those in the specimen wet-ball-milled once. The insoluble end product obtained by soaking the specimen wet-ball-milled once in 6M HCl for 20 hours was composed of 98.5mass% SiO2 and 0.6mass% or less other oxides and is usable as glass material.


The paper describes the tests designed to develop and to evaluate a European analytical prediction model of behaviour of end plate joints for the mixed building technology. Tree sets of tests simulating the beam–to-column joints under cycling loading were carried out in the laboratory of Czech Technical University. Three components were observed experimentally: the bolt in tension and the end plate in bending; the anchor bolt in tension and the end plate in bending; the concrete in compression and the end plate in bending. The last set of tests, the part of joint in compression, is listed in details in presented paper.


Objectives: The objective of this research is to examine how the relationship between E-CRM and customer experience affects customer loyalty through customer satisfaction. Internet use grows year after year, especially in Indonesia. New terms emerge to describe the increase in internet use or utilization in our daily lives, such as IoT (internet of things), AI (artificial intelligence), startups, and Big Data, among others. As a result of technological advancements, most notably the use of the internet, the industrial world is also advancing at a fast pace.Methodology: The online questionnaire was randomly distributed to people who had used e-commerce at least once during the pandemic (march 2020 - now). The sample consisted of 85 people who were selected by purposive sampling technique and analyzed using the PLS 3 SEM application.Finding: Customer experience did not affect customer satisfaction, and also customer experience did not affect customer loyalty through customer satisfaction.  Meanwhile, customer satisfaction assisted effect E-CRM on customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction affects customer loyalty.Conclusion: The study's findings should assist in the advancement of science, particularly in the fields of digital marketing and consumer behaviour. It is also expected to provide feedback to e-commerce industry participants in order to assist them in improving their customer experience in order to maintain customer satisfaction and consumer loyalty.


philosophy as the spoken word. In the complete thesis Fr. Kagame may have taken this into account. His use of the linguistic method is indispensable, of course, for supporting any theory of the philosophy, but there might be disagreement about the general theory even when the particular linguistic references are accepted. It may be presumed from the title (the extracts do not tell us enough) that Ruanda philosophy, as presented by Fr. Kagame, is, like European philosophy, based upon the concept of ' being'. It will be interesting to see in the complete thesis how the author refutes the theory of Fr. Tempels, that Bantu philosophy is based upon the concept of' vital force ', that it is dynamic, not static. Meanwhile Kagame has provided material which cannot be overlooked if a theory of the philosophy is to be established. Fr. Kagame makes no claim that his method is applicable to any other language than his own, but since his language cannot be isolated from other Bantu languages, it is reasonable to suppose that his linguistic method should, if it is valid, have a wider application. He ascribes to grammatical categories a metaphysical content. If the existence of metaphysical categories is dependent principally upon the existence of a fixed series of genders used with the stem -ntu, then we may be justified in employing the same method for other Bantu languages and philosophies. This must lead to the break-down of the method. Fr. Kagame's work is really an extension of the notionalist idea of grammar, and not a few would consider that he has extended it much too far. On the other hand, the basis of his theory operates very conveniently for his own language, and enables him to give information which is of equal interest to linguist and philosopher alike. Its value in relation to the general theory of philosophy propounded can be known only from a study of the complete work, the publication of which is awaited with interest. LYNDON HARRIES


Bronchial inflammation contributes to a sustained elevation of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Conversely, omega‐3 fatty acid derivatives have been shown to resolve inflammation in various tissues. Thus, the effects of docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG‐DPA) were assessed on inflammatory markers and reactivity of human distal bronchi as well as in a cultured model of guinea pig tracheal rings. Human bronchi were dissected and cultured for 48 h with 10 ng/mL TNF‐α or IL‐13. Guinea pig tracheas were maintained in organ culture for 72 h which was previously shown to trigger spontaneous AHR. All tissues were treated with increasing concentrations of MAG‐DPA (0.1, 0.3, and 1 μmol/L). Pharmacomechanical reactivity, Ca2+ sensitivity, and western blot analysis for specific phosphoproteins and transcription factors were performed to assess the effects of both cytokines, alone or in combination with MAG‐DPA, on human and guinea pig airway preparations. Although 0.1 μmol/L MAG‐DPA did not significantly reduce inflammatory biomarkers, the higher concentrations of MAG‐DPA (0.3 and 1 μmol/L) blunted the activation of the TNF‐α/NFκB pathway and abolished COX‐2 expression in human and guinea pig tissues. Moreover, 0.3 and 1 μmol/L MAG‐DPA consistently decreased the Ca2+ sensitivity and pharmacological reactivity of cultured bronchial explants. Furthermore, in human bronchi, IL‐13‐stimulated phosphorylation of CPI‐17 was reversed by 1 μmol/L MAG‐DPA. This effect was further amplified in the presence of 100 μmol/L aspirin. MAG‐DPA mediates antiphlogistic effects by increasing the resolution of inflammation, while resetting Ca2+ sensitivity and contractile reactivity.


In this work, we proposed a new style-diverse dataset for the domain of motion style transfer. The motion dataset uses an industrial-standard human bone structure and thus is industry-ready to be plugged into 3D characters for many projects. We claim the challenges in motion style transfer and encourage future work in this domain by releasing the proposed motion dataset both to the public and the market. We conduct a comprehensive study on motion style transfer in the experiment using the state-of-the-art method, and the results show the proposed dataset's validity for the motion style transfer task.


This paper evaluates the need to implement specialized conversational clubs in English for ecotourism students to improve their communication skills. This study was conducted at the Escuela de Ecoturismo, Escuela Superior Politecnica de Chimborazo, Ecuador. Survey questionnaires were applied, to forty-one students from 4th to 8th level and eighteen lecturers, to collect their opinion regarding the implementation of specialized English conversation clubs. The results showed that both students and teachers agreed that there is a need for implementing English Conversation Clubs.


The invention relates to a water and pollutant separation device, which comprises a tank body, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are respectively communicated with the top of the separation tank body, and a discharge pipe which is arranged at the bottom of the tank body, wherein a separation structure is arranged in an inner cavity of the tank body, is in an inverted barrel shape, and is provided with an upper seal cover, the separation structure is slightly smaller than the tank body in shape, and a gap between the separation structure and the bottom of the tank body is reserved; the water inlet pipe penetrates through the upper seal cover of the separation structure in the tank body and then is provided with a flow disturber, and the lower end of the flow disturber is sealed; and a plurality of openings or slots used for generating subcritical flow to disturb water flow are arranged in the side wall of the flow disturber, and tilt towards the same direction. With the technical scheme, a preferred water and pollutant separation device is additionally arranged before a fish tank is filtered, and a plurality of slots arranged in the flow disturber are suitable for larger water flow to be distributed to pass, accordingly, most of the pollutants in the water can be easily separated from the water to be discharged, so that the accumulation of the pollutants on a filter material is greatly reduced, and the water quality and stability are improved.


SUMMARY

The texture of carbonate cement in clastic rocks reflects the conditions of: (1) free pore crystallization; or (2) recrystallization under elevated temperatures and pressures. Fibrous carbonate cement may be formed as a result of preferential adsorption of clay particles or colloids in the direction perpendicular to c. Cryptocrystalline carbonate cement is formed in sandstones if the ratio carbonate/ argillaceous matter in less than 5 (for montmorillonite) or less than 3–4 (for illite), especially if it is near 2–1.

The maximum amounts of isomorphic admixtures of Mg and Fe in calcite cement (see Fig.2) can be used for temperature reconstructions of the epigenetical environment.

In deep-buried rocks which are almost closed systems, migration rates are lower than diffusion rates and microenvironments of detrital grain corrosion may exist adjacent to those of precipitation of the same mineral.


Abstract The diets of the silver warehou (Seriolella punctata) and the white warehou (S. caerulea), were determined from examination of the stomach contents of 478 and 291 specimens, respectively, sampled by bottom trawl on Chatham Rise to the east of South Island, New Zealand. The diets of both species were dominated by pelagic tunicates, with the remainder comprising mostly small crustaceans. The importance of small crustaceans (amphipods, copepods, and euphausiids) to white warehou was much greater than for silver warehou. An unknown but small component of the crustacean prey was ingested unintentionally owing to a common commensal relationship between some crustaceans (primarily amphipods) and tunicates. The distributions of silver and white warehous on Chatham Rise overlapped geographically and by depth; the entire white warehou distribution overlapped that for silver warehou. While some between-species differences in dietary composition were apparent, these are unlikely to markedly reduce any competition between species for the tunicate resource. It is possible that the niches of silver and white warehou overlap considerably. There may be some behavioural or biological mechanisms not identified in this study that reduce the resource competition between these two species, but understanding the mechanisms that promote the coexistence of silver and white warehou requires further study.


Background: Chronic periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic disease that is immune-inflammatory in nature. The incidence and progression of this disease is related to a substantial increase in gram negative anaerobic rods. The use of antimicrobial mouthwashes as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control is well established in dental practice. Punica granatum and Camellia sinesis extract are naturally occurring antimicrobial agents. The active ingredient in Punica granatum and Camellia sinesis is polyphenolic flavonoid, which is an antioxidant in nature. It inhibits the production of arachidonic acid metabolites such as proinflammatory prostaglandins and leukotriens, resulting in a decreased inflammatory response. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of indigenously prepared Punica granatum and Camellia sinesis mouthwashes to the commercially available chlorhexidine mouthwash. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects diagnosed with chronic generalized marginal gingivitis were selected and randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 – Camellia sinesis mouthwash group, Group 2 – Punica granatum mouthwash group and Group 3 – Chlorhexidine mouthwash group. Subjects were instructed to use the prescribed mouthwash for 14 days. Plaque index, gingival index and calculus component of periodontal index were recorded at baseline and at 14 days. Results: The clinical study observed significant improvement in plaque and gingival status at all sites (p<0.05). Camellia sinesis and Punica granatum mouthwash showed significant improvement in plaque, gingival and calculus score. Conclusion: Camellia sinesis and Punica granatum mouthwash are beneficial in improving gingival status due to its profound styptic action, with sufficient reduction in plaque scores.