G proteins act as transducers between membrane receptors activated by extracellular signals and enzymatic effectors controlling the concentration of cytosolic signal molecules such as cAMP, cGMP, inositol phosphates and Ca2+. In some instances, the receptor/G protein‐induced changes in the concentration of cytosolic signal molecules correlate with activity changes of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels. Ca2+ channel modulation, in these cases, requires the participation of protein kinases whose activity is stimulated by cytosolic signal molecules. The respective protein kinases phosphorylate Ca2+ channel‐forming proteins or unknown regulatory components. More recent findings suggest another membrane‐confined mechanism that does not involve cytosolic signal molecules but rather a more direct control of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels by G proteins. Modulation of Ca2+ channel activity that follows this apparently membrane‐confined mechanism has been described to occur in neuronal, cardiac, and endocrine cells. The G protein involved in the hormonal stimulation of Ca2+ channels in endocrine cells may belong to the family of Gi‐type G proteins, which are functionally uncoupled from activating receptors by pertussis toxin. The G protein G3, which is activated by cholera toxin, may stimulate cardiac Ca2+ channels without the involvement of a cAMP‐dependent intermediate step. Hormonal inhibition of Ca2+ channels in neuronal and endocrine cells is mediated by a pertussis toxin‐sensitive G protein, possibly G∗∗∗o. Whether G proteins act by binding directly to Ca2+ channels or through interaction with as yet undetermined regulatory components of the plasma membrane remains to be clarified.— Rosenthal, W.; Hescheler, J.; Trautwein, W.; Schultz, G. Control of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels by G protein‐coupled receptors. FASEB J. 2: 2784‐2790; 1988.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to vacuum-plasma treatment of composites. An apparatus for hydrogen absorption of thin-film composites in hydrogen plasma comprises a microwave oven and a quartz reactor inside the oven. The reactor consists of a housing in the form of a hollow cylinder and, mounted at the ends thereof, dielectric flanges with tailpieces for connection with vacuum hoses, one of which is intended for feeding hydrogen and the other for evacuating the microwave oven and the reactor. One of the flanges can be removed. Each flange consists of an envelope, a cover, a seal and a shaped spacer made of quartz glass with a centre hole. The method includes placing composites inside the reactor, evacuating the reactor and the microwave oven, feeding hydrogen into the reactor and washing the reactor and the microwave oven with the hydrogen, igniting hydrogen plasma in the reactor through microwave discharge and treating the composites with hydrogen with additional evacuation of the microwave oven during the treatment process. EFFECT: improved conditions of exposing the composites to the plasma during continuous treatment. 2 cl, 2 dwg


Chen Hongshou's poems. articles, paintings and seals are refined and elegant, but not in first
class. Otherwise, the buccaro ware made by him and other potters opened the new fashion and laid a
much-told story.


Face mask image recognition can detect and monitor whether people wear the mask. Currently, the mask recognition model research mainly focuses on different mask detection systems. However, these methods have limited working datasets, do not give safety alerts, and do not work appropriately on masks. This paper aims to use the face mask recognition detection model in public places to monitor the people who do not wear the mask or the wrong mask to reduce the spread of Covid-19. The mask detection model supports transfer learning and image classification. Specifically, the collected data are first collected and then divided into two parts: with_mask and without_mask. Then authors build, implement the model, and obtain accurate mask recognition models. This paper uses and size of images datasets tested respectively. The experimental results show that the effect of the image size of was relatively better, and the training accuracy of different MobileNetV2 models is about 95%. Our analysis demonstrates that MobileNetV2 can correctly classify Covid-19.


Deep hole traps were investigated in vapour phase epitaxial p-type InP by transient capacitance spectroscopy. A total of five hole traps were observed with activation energies of 0.09, 0.22, 0.29, 0.41 and 0.50 eV in Al-InP Schottky barriers and p-n+ junctions. Trap concentrations ranged from 1013 to 1014 cm-3.


Investigations were carried out on the effect of Vaccinum cholericum, Polyvaccinum and Alavac S preparations on interferon synthesis in mouse. These preparations, injected i.v. or i.p. prior to viral inducer, were shown to inhibit IFN production. The inhibition was observed also when interferon was induced in vitro in peritoneal cells of mice pretreated with these preparations.


Senditized Dye Solar Cells (DSSC) consist of photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte and counter electrode which is one of the photochemical electric cells. In this article will discuss the influence of the thickness of the electrode on the electrical properties. Electrodes made by screen printing method. Screen by type T-49. TiO 2 deposited on the FTO variation of the number of layers to obtain a thickness of 1, 2, 3 and 4. DSSC tested thickness by Screen Electron Microscopy (SEM), absorbance test by UV Visible Lambda 25 and characterization of current and voltage test by Keithley Measurenment 2602A. The test results showed the thickness of the TiO 2 electrode thickness (1.5 ± 0.2) μm, (2.9 ± 0.5) μm, (3.5 ± 0.6) μm, and (4.5 ± 0.8 ) μm. Based on the test results absorbance maximum value contained in thickness (4.5 ± 0.8) μm having a dye adsorbed at most and have the highest efficiency  2.41%.


Skin protects the body from the environment and is an important component of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis are among the most frequent inflammatory skin diseases and are both determined by multigenic predisposition, environmental factors, and aberrant immune response. Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins (Pglyrps) are expressed in the skin and we report here that they modulate sensitivity to experimentally-induced atopic dermatitis and contact dermatitis. Pglyrp3 and Pglyrp4 mice (but not Pglyrp2 mice) develop more severe oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis than wild type (WT) mice. The common mechanism underlying this increased sensitivity of Pglyrp3 and Pglyrp4 mice to atopic dermatitis is reduced recruitment of Treg cells to the skin and enhanced production and activation Th17 cells in Pglyrp3 and Pglyrp4 mice, which results in more severe inflammation and keratinocyte proliferation. This mechanism is supported by decreased inflammation in Pglyrp3 mice following in vivo induction of Treg cells by vitamin D or after neutralization of IL-17. By contrast, Pglyrp1 mice develop less severe oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis and also oxazolone-induced contact dermatitis than WT mice. Thus, Pglyrp3 and Pglyrp4 limit over-activation of Th17 cells by promoting accumulation of Treg cells at the site of chronic inflammation, which protects the skin from exaggerated inflammatory response to cell activators and allergens, whereas Pglyrp1 has an opposite pro-inflammatory effect in the skin. Citation: Park SY, Gupta D, Kim CH, Dziarski R (2011) Differential Effects of Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins on Experimental Atopic and Contact Dermatitis Mediated by Treg and Th17 Cells. PLoS ONE 6(9): e24961. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024961 Editor: Samithamby Jeyaseelan, Louisiana State University, United States of America Received April 19, 2011; Accepted August 24, 2011; Published September 16, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Park et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This work was supported by United States Public Health Services Grants AI028797 and AI073290 from the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (DG); firstname.lastname@example.com (RD)


The Common Core State Standards for the English Language Arts, together with the new tests being developed to assess them, are placing a greater emphasis on writing in elementary schools than in the recent past. This article explores similarities and differences of the standards with past state standards, explaining the reason both for why things have been as they are and why Common Core is encouraging change. The biggest shift in writing instruction is claimed to be the new emphasis on writing about text, and ways of writing about text successfully in the elementary grades (summarization, analysis, synthesis, modeling) are described.


This was a study of 414 adolescents who resided with rural families on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 10 counties located in Arkansas. The purpose of the study was to determine what demographic and theoretical factors from control, strain, and social learning theories predicted sexual intercourse in the past year and lifetime sexual partners among young and older adolescents (aged 13 to 15 years, and 16 and 17 years, respectively). Together, the findings offer partial support for the conceptual framework of development undergirding the study that elements of control or bonding and use of excuses are important influences on sexual behavior of older adolescents, whereas young adolescents are more influenced by differential peer association, including use of excuses, and a deep-seated need for love or attachment. Furthermore, the finding that friend support actually increases the likelihood of sexual partners among young adolescents may be another manifestation of their need for closeness....


The Plight of Three Celtic Languages--Welsh, Irish and Gaelic. Keith Hamnett, The Edwin Mellen Press, Ceredigion, 2010. ISBN 9780773436398, 246 pp. This single-authored volume appears to be very timely as growth continues apace in the developing discourse about efforts to revitalise minority languages, in this case Welsh, Irish and Gaelic. Readers should be aware, though, that one thing lacking from the title of this book is a date, and given the recent very fast pace of change in the type of activity discussed in the book, this seems to be an error on the part of either the editor or the author. Each chapter on the individual languages pays heed to the origins and history of the separate languages, but concentrates on language matters relating to the late nineteenth and for the most part to the twentieth centuries; even though the book was not published until 2010, there is little except passing reference to the very start of the new millennium and the very significant initiatives taking place in each area. Not only is there no date, there is much confusion about the dates being offered or alluded to. At one point, for instance, the author mentions Peter Hain, referred to as the current Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Hain held this position from 2005-07: if this was an accurate reflection of when the book was written (as opposed to a retrospective addendum), it would mean that serious omissions had been made with regard to key events in each of the languages' status and management. The lack of discussion of the modern situation is not a crime (after all, every book needs a start and an end place) but it is a serious omission that the date is not given anywhere in the text, and that a reader coming to the book might therefore be of the opinion that the discussion therein relates to events contemporaneous to publication date. One other disappointment in relation to the production of the book is that there are no diacritics; it seems somewhat anachronistic that a modern publisher was unable to provide a typeface or publishing mechanism to allow grave and acute accents on the Gaelic and Irish text. Another failure in the book's production is that in the last chapter the tables cease to be numbered after table 4, and subsequent tables neither have headings nor clearly describe their content. The book has five chapters: an introductory one on its aims, objectives and methodology, a chapter each on Irish, Gaelic and Welsh and a final comparative chapter entitled 'What lessons can be learned?' The first chapter offers sound introductory discussion on theories of bilingualism and language planning; the axiomatic statement regarding language acquisition 'There is a factor sometimes overlooked when considering bilingualism: the acquisition of another language does not just happen, it requires hard work, concentration, opportunity and support' (p. 10) is perhaps indicative of the author's own experience as a language instructor. As introductions to the status of the three languages and initiatives to promote and preserve them, chapters two, three and four have merit. Each chapter has a number of sections discussing key organisations, events or individuals involved in language maintenance: some of these sections are the same from chapter to chapter, i.e. broadcasting, local government, education etc., whereas other sections relate solely to the locality. Each chapter attempts to give a lot of information, and one wonders whether the attempt to be inclusive was at the expense of accuracy or detail. …


This paper analyzes the proposal to create a hard core of European Union countries committed to deeper and faster integration by studying the economic structure of the proposed grouping. It is divided into two parts. The first examines the relative weight and structural characteristics of the five potential candidates for early membership of the hard core in comparison with the whole European Union, the United States, and Japan. The second uses principal component and cluster analyses in order to investigate whether these five countries represent a homogenous grouping vis-a-vis the other European Union members. Copyright 1996 by WWZ and Helbing & Lichtenhahn Verlag AG


The article reveals the essence of bullying and violence in the family,
highlights the forms used by general secondary education institutions in working
with parents to prevent and overcome violence and bullying in the family. An
analysis of the results of a questionnaire survey of students of a pedagogical
institution of higher education is presented.


Bacteria play an important role in biogeochemical cycles in marine environments and their functional attributes in ecosystems depend primarily on species composition. In this study, seasonal variation of bacterial diversity was investigated by pyrosequencing of 16S rDNA in surface sediment and overlying seawater collected in the south East Sea, planned for the site of sequestration by the carbon capture and storage (CCS) project. Gammaproteobacteria was dominant in the sediment in most seasons, whereas Alphaproteobacteria was a most dominant group in the overlying water. Thus, the bacterial diversity greatly differ between sediment and seawater samples. On the genus level, bacterial diversity between two habitats was also different. However, the number of genera found over 5% were less than 10 in both habitats and the bacterial community was composed of a number of diverse minor or rare genera. Elevation of concentration during a storage process, could result in change of bacterial diversity. Thus, this study will be very useful to access the effect of on bacterial diversity and to predict functional change of the ecosystem during the process of CCS project.


ABSTRACT We surveyed 267 school counselors regarding their leadership self-efficacy, implementation of the American School Counselor Association's (ASCA) National Model, and social justice advocacy. Participants' leadership self-efficacy significantly predicted their implementation of the ASCA National Model but not their social justice advocacy. Respondents with more prior leadership experience also had higher leadership self-efficacy. We provide implications for research and practice, including an emphasis on developing training and leadership opportunities for school counselors and trainees.


Abstract To date, most studies seeking to explore the impact of COVID-19 school closures on student outcomes have focused on cognitive/academic losses. This study explores changes in adaptive behaviors experienced by children and youth with autism spectrum disorders or other developmental disabilities when in-person, one-to-one behavior training was converted to telehealth delivery. Participants in this study were rated on the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, 3rd Edition (ABAS-3) at three data points: pre-COVID; six months after COVID closure; and 12 months after COVID closure. ABAS-3 standard scores were evaluated to determine any losses or gains in adaptive behavior that occurred during the COVID shutdown of in-person programming. Issues related to assessment of behavior and delivery of telehealth programming are discussed.


the article discusses two algorithms of space-time signal processing in GNSS receiver with an antenna array. Such signal processing algorithms can receive weak signals from GNSS satellites when exposed to interference. In a synthesis of such algorithms, the formulation of the problem and the presence of a priori information about characteristics of interference play an important role. A comparison and simulation of algorithms for observations in the complex form and for observations in the "quadrature" form. The results of research show that the algorithm when observing in the "quadrature" form is inferior to the algorithm with complex observations in amount of simultaneously suppressed interference, however, it requires significantly less hardware resources in practical implementation.


Based on the construction theory of metabolism grey model, visualization of gas emission prediction is realized by using mixed programming of VC++ and MATLAB so as to adequately reflect the modeling thought "innovation priorities", effectively use the latest gas emission information during the process of mining and provide a visual tool which can be fast used in the actual field for coal mine enterprises. It not only achieves dynamic prediction and true expression of the working face's gas emission, but also effectively eliminate the gas emission during the production in underground mine in advance.


We present a new application of compressive digital in-line holography for observing feeding currents of aquatic organisms (Vorticella). Our particle tracking system combines compressive holography and open-source tracking software, producing three-dimensional trajectories from holographic video.


The goal of the paper is to demonstrate the WGMs establishing over time in circular micro cavity excited by internal transient source. Green's function method and Laplace transform are applied to obtain an analytical solution. It is inverted with simple numerical technique and the time domain representation is obtained. Attention is focused upon the spectrum of cavity resonances excited and the transient radiation fields


Tumor segmentation in Computed Tomography (CT) images is a crucial step in image-guided surgery. However, low-contrast CT images impede the performance of subsequent segmentation tasks. Contrast enhancement is then used as a preprocessing step to highlight the relevant structures, thus facilitating not only medical diagnosis but also image segmentation with higher accuracy. The proposed method is based on two concepts, namely adaptive gamma correction using DWT-SVD and OPTimized Guided Contrast Enhancement (OPTGCE). In the proposed DWT-SVD scheme, the technique decomposes the input medical image into four frequency sub-bands by using DWT and then estimates the singular value matrix of the LL sub-band image. An enhanced LL component is generated using an adequate correction factor and inverse SVD. The proposed OPTimized Guided Contrast Enhancement (OPTGCE) scheme exploits both contextual information from the guidance image and structural information from the input image. Tumor segmentation algorithm is applied on the enhanced images to analyze the performance of the proposed method in facilitating tumor segmentation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis using metrics including entropy, MCCEE, and MIGLCM shows the superiority of the proposed method in comparison with the existing methods that do not include guidance mechanism Keywords—: 2D-DWT, Gamma Correction, SSIM, Gradient.


The impfernentation of the Strudural Adjustment Program have brought untold hardship to millions of urban residents in Ghana to the point of undermining their social safety nets. In response to growing economic hardship, an i nmasi ng number of residents in A m are resorting to urban arttivation as a means of meeting their household needs. Information obtained from a field survey meals that urban wwation in Accra contributes, significantly, to the household economy of the practitioners in the form of providing food, generating income, reduang household budget, recycling household W e s , and abating floods. The research also demonstrates that the extent to which ur&an cuttivation is beneficial to urban farmers differs on the basis of gender, household income, garden location and land security. The study identifies critical variables in Accra that have influenced the evolution of farming in the metropolis over the years. Such variables couM be desaibed as either prohibitive, discouraging or encouraging to urban agn'cutture. In addition, the research identifies various institutional constraints on uhan agriculture and how they have hindered the svift growth of urban cultivation in the A m Metropolitan Area (AMA). But the good news is that, urban agricutture in A m is a mobile adivity, and has evolved a series of adaptive responses to these threats. The research finds that variations in land value, d i n c e of urban gardens from the CBD and land tenure arrangement go a long way to influence a gardener decisions on what to produce, where to produce, who produces, when to produce and vuhy to produce. This research has also demonstrated that urban cultivation in Accra is not a temporary, stopgap measure to combat food scarcity, but a permanent initiative on the part of the urban poor to improve their standard of living; in other words, urban agriculture in Accra is a long-term phenomenon which refleds a transformation of the urban landscape to the realities of urban needs and priorities. To promote urban cultivation in Accra, the author suggests means of incorporating urban agriculture into the urban management of Accra through policy formulation, land-use zoning, institutional regulations and infrastrudural development.


OBJECTIVE
To access the performance of the EuroSCORE when applied to CABG patients at Siriraj hospital.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
One thousand five hundred forty nine patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent isolated CABG between January 2007 and December 2009 was prospectively studied.

RESULTS
The patients included 1,102 men and 447 women and had a mean age of 67 years old. The mean additive score in expired and survived groups were 9.65 +/- 5.14 and 3.87 +/- 3.06. In logistic, score were 25.43 +/- 26.31 and 4.88 +/- 7.88 respectively (p < 0.001). The best cut-off value of EuroSCORE for prediction of a death rate was 6 for additive score and 10 for logistic score. Area under the curve was 0.831 for the additive score and 0.823 for the logistic score. The observed overall mortality rate was 2.0% while the predict mortality was 5.27%. The difference between observed and predicted deaths was significant with additive score and logistic score (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that EuroSCORE is not valid for CABG in Thai patient due to over prediction.


Although computing education research quite often targets within-university courses, an important role of universities is educating the public through open online lifelong learning offerings. Compared to within-university courses, in lifelong learning, the student population is often more diverse. For example, participants often have more varied motivations and aspirations as well as more varied educational backgrounds. In this work, we explore what kinds of learners attend open online lifelong learning programming courses and what characteristics of learners lead to completing courses and proceeding to subsequent courses. We examine student-related factors collected through surveys in our online course environment. These factors include motivation, previous experience, and demographics. Our results show that motivations, previous experience, and demographics by themselves only explain a small amount of the variance in completing courses or continuing to a subsequent course. At the same time, we identify individual factors that are more likely to lead to learners dropping out (or continuing) in the courses. Our study provides further evidence that lifelong learning benefits most the already educated part of the population with prior knowledge and high motivation. This calls for further studies that seek to identify means to engage and support participants less likely to continue in such courses.


Provided is a technique for economically recovering iodine, regardless of its form, from iodine-containing materials that are a liquid, a suspension, or a solid which include iodine or iodine compounds by an iodine recovery method and an iodine recovery apparatus that implements this method, the method characterized by: atomizing an iodine-containing material in a combustion furnace, adjusting the amount of air, and burning the iodine-containing material to produce an iodine compound; and then dissolving and absorbing combustion gas into an aqueous solution that includes a reducing agent.


For the first time the low frequency relaxation process in two smectic phases (smectic A and smectic C) was studied at elevated pressures with the aid of DTA and dielectric spectroscopy. The substance studied, 2-(4-hexyloxyphenyl)-5-octyl-pyrimidine (6OPB8 in short) exhibits the nematic (N) - SA - SC phase sequence. The p-T phase diagram was established with DTA. However, the SA - SC transition was not observed in the DTA, but could be detected by dielectric relaxation measurements. The dielectric relaxation time measured as function of temperature and pressure, τ∥(p,T), enabled us to calculate the activation volume, Δ#V =RT(∂lnτ /∂p)T, and activation enthalpy, Δ#H = R(∂lnτ /∂T−1)p. It was found that Δ#V(SA) > Δ#V(SC) and Δ#H(N) ≫ Δ#H(SA) > Δ#H(SC), indicating that the molecular rotations around the short axes are more feasible in the tilted SC than in the orthogonal SA phase.


: Transportation burden has long existed in Seattle; yet few research has looked into the burden on different neighborhoods. This research therefore constructed a linear regression model for estimating transportation burden to explore the geographical disparities. In addition, the significant influence of racial distribution was also analyzed. Future policies may utilize the findings of this research.


Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) may be caused by the interaction between wind turbine series compensation transmission system and control of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), which is called sub-synchronous control interaction (SSCI). To analyze this phenomenon and provide corresponding suppression measures, the relation between SSR circuit and control of DFIG is explored deeply, and two strategies are proposed, including the detailed design methods. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the restrained effects on SSR by using additional damping control with different filters. Eventually, the discussed strategies have been verified through Matlab/Simulink, which provides a theoretical support to solve the SSR caused by SSCI in the wind farm.


The internet confers significant advantage on the user, be the latter business or individual – and, by implication, those who do not use the internet are increasingly being disadvantaged. What is to some a bridge to a global market may be to others a wedge which drives deeper the divide between the 'haves' and the 'have nots'. In this paper the authors suggest the existence of an intra-rural 'digital divide'; present a representational model of differential technology adoption; outline key theoretical dimensions that can be used to map differential technology adoption; evaluate their meaning and significance in the case of rural take up and non take-up of information and communication technology; and consider the implications for research and policy. 1. An intra-rural digital divide? The allure of the internet is compelling. It offers the opportunity for individuals to overcome geographical and social barriers to communication, open a treasure-house of information and entertainment, and engage in markets which have hitherto been unattainable. For businesses, the technology has, according to its proponents, the potential to allow reduced costs, cut paperwork, increase speed of reaction, closer contact with customers, and access to global markets for niche products. The more limited the alternative means of communication, the greater the relative benefit, since the internet is not bound by geographical space: a particular advantage for those who live and work in rural arenas. In addition to such 'pull' factors, new pressures are developing as governments and corporations dream of a world where the default medium for commercial and public transactions is electronic, rather than paper-based. The implication, then, is that internet confers significant advantages on the user, be the latter business or individual – or rather, increasingly, that those who do not use the internet will be significantly disadvantaged. 'In the era of digital convergence, nonuse and nonaccess to information technologies may lead to perceived nonexistence' (Hindman 2000):549. Hence the concern of governments and public agencies about the so-called 'digital divide'. In a recent study of adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) in England (Warren, Soffe et al. 2000; Warren 2000), responses indicated highly significant differences in management use of personal computers (PC) between farm types, with cattle and sheep farms lagging far behind arabledominated businesses, and smaller farms behind their larger counterparts. Differences in internet use were even more extreme (Figures 1 and 2). Older farmers, and those with no education beyond secondary school, were likewise more likely to be non-adopters. Given that the South West region of England has high concentrations of livestock farms, and its average farm size is lower than the country as a whole (MAFF 2000), this implies a geographical concentration of slow adopters. Still further concentration is possible within regions: within the South West of England there are substantial areas where the farming is almost entirely represented by cattle and sheep production and small farms. The same is true for regions of many other countries. In this survey at least, there was a highly significant association (p<0.01) between low educational attainment of principal and both small farm size and beef/sheep production. Such patterns are reflected in another, contemporary survey of agricultural adoption of ICT in England (Brown, Anaman et al. 2000). Studies of a technology-supported learning and telecentre programme in the South West of England suggest the existence of similar effects in the more general rural society (David 1999b; 1999a; 2001). This article aims to explore the possibility that this represents the emergence of 'digital divides' with rural economy and society; to develop some theoretical concepts which might help to explain their existence; and to consider whether their effects are likely to be of sufficient importance to justify public, rather than private action. 1 These two variables are related to each other, so it is difficult to be sure of their relative strength of causality. Figure 1: Use of email/WWW in the business by type of farm (1999) Source: Warren (2000): 21 N=177 Figure 2: Use of email/WWW in the business by size of farm (hectares, 1999/2000 Source: Warren (2000): 21 N=177


Background and Motivation. The foundations of evolution and population genetics respectively can be found in studies at the level of the organism. Such models will virtually always focus on intrinsically discrete features/characters such as nucleotides or the absence-presence of a character capturing a continuous feature. However, this precludes a large class of characters that are of major interest in biology and cannot be well reduced to discrete characters, namely shapes and patterns. This project will only focus on simple models of shape evolution and their application to leaf shapes. Shape analysis is a well established, but difficult, topic that is approached through a variety of models. Shape/form/patterns are considerably more complicated than other biological because it cannot be constructed by a cartesian product [vector] of real numbers, integers, set or group and thus the standard concepts describing relationship between entries in a vector, such as correlation or dependence are insufficient as shape can be a highly structured object. The specification of a shape might involve both discrete components [for instance a topological classification] and continuous parameters like sizes, lengths etc. The latter implies that there often is a transfinite number of shapes and it is rare to observe a transfinite number of variables. Often a shape is then estimated by observing/measuring landmarks on the shapes. This is sometimes seen as a necessity but can also be a source of error, since choosing these landmarks are not perfect. New methods attempt to avoid the specification of landmarks and, in principle, operate on functional data (Jones and Moriarty, 2011 Ramsay and Silverman 1998) . Shape analysis can address a variety of important questions: 1) Inference of shape from incomplete data [e.g. part of a skull can be missing]: 2) Inference of an evolutionary tree given (homologous) data from different nodes of that tree 3) Inference about ancestral shapes given both evolutionary tree and samples at its nodes.


The ultra sonogram plays an important role in diagnosing hepatopathy by clean gram and noninvasive diagnostic method. Especially, in hepatopathy diagnosis, it has been the examination of the first choice in benign tumor of liver, hepatitis space occupying lesion and so on. In the following, we have summed up the ultra sonogram slowing and identifying in common benign, solid hepatic space occupying lesion.


• Hygiene outcomes achievements were higher than anticipated by programme stakeholders. Knowledge about critical times of handwashing remained high (above 80%) one to two years after the implementation phase on average, while handwashing facilities were present in 50% of households on average. The absence of soap was often the limiting factor in achieving sustained handwashing with soap at critical times.


Dive deep down, through the warm waters to the bed of the Sargasso Sea, as a newborn eel starts to swim towards the rivers he will soon call home. Curious young minds will love learning about the waterbed antics of the eel in this picture book which combines story with information. Previously part of the acclaimed "Read and Wonder" series, "Think of an Eel" has been re-launched in the new "Nature Storybooks" series with a brand new look and accompanying CD with fun facts, songs, sound effects and a story reading by TV actor Stephen Tompkinson.


Introduction. Due to increase in the human activities, the share of the natural landscapes continues to decrease, while the share of the anthropogenic landscapes is increasing. Rural areas, while being a kind of an anthropogenic landscape, play a significant role in the preservation of regional biodiversity. Here begins the process of synanthropization of birds, especially of the dendrophilous species. One of these species is a Thrush. Purpose . The purpose of this article is to show the composition, the status, and seasonal dynamics of the number of Thrush in the villages of Podilske Pobuzhzhia, as well as to show the new ways in which the thrushes adapt their nesting habits in these villages. Results. There are 5 species of Genus Turdus, which are registered in the villages of Podilske Pobuzhzhia. Four of them are nesting (T. pilaris, T. merula, T. philomelos, T. iliacus (rare)). Only 1 species (T. viscivorus) is migratory and wintering. Phenology, seasonal dynamics of the number, locations of T. iliacus and T. viscivorus are analysed. In addition, we analyse the peculiarities of nesting for some other species. 127 nests of T. pilaris are analysed. They are located on 17 kinds of trees, bushes, and two of the nests are located on anthropogenic buildings. The number of species is 0,86 pairs per 1 km of the route we've taken. 23 nests of T. merula are analysed. The nests are located on 7 kinds of trees, bushes, 2 of the nests are on the stumps, and 1 is on the ground. The number of species is 0,93 pairs per 1 km. 63 nests of T. philomelos are analysed. The nests are located on 14 kinds of trees, bushes, and 6 are located on anthropogenic buildings, in piles of branches, etc. The number of species is 1,58 pairs per 1 km of the route. Originality. It's the first time the biology of Thrush is researched within the boundaries of the villages in the region. New adaptations of Thrush nesting and the seasonal dynamics of the number of Thrush are determined. Conclusion. Synanthropization of T. pilaris, T. merula and T. philomelos has occurred during the 20th century. Also, marks the beginning of synanthropization of T. iliacus. The number of thrush nesting in the villages of Pobuzhzhia is gradually increasing. T. philomelos is the most widely spread due to the flexibility of choice of nesting places. Thrushes choose 34 locations for building nests (23 of them are in the trees, 3 are in the bushes, and 8 are in other locations). The highest number of Thrush nests is in the villages of the second category.


Aiming at optimization design on the control area of a piloted high speed on-off valve,dynamic analysis was performed to a piloted high speed on-off valve with a slide main valve,and the objective function was put forward to optimizing parametes of the main valve.As an example,a specific piloted large flow on-off valve was optimized according to the objecting function.In order to evaluation the performance of the optimized valve,a precision simulation model was established by AMESIM.Empirical method was applied to optimize the parameters of main valve based on the simulation model.The results obtained by simulation are consistent with the theory analyzed results.The results indicate that there exists an optimum control area with which the shortest switching time of main spool could be achieved.


Environmental elements, such as air temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation, affect the physiological behavior of plants, which is reflected in their growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological changes of Brazilian Orchid Tree seedlings over a typical day and find the best time to carry out determinations of gas exchanges. For this end, we evaluated temperature of the leaf, photosynthetically active radiation, stomatal resistance and perspiration, using a porometer, from 8:00 a.m. to 05:00 p.m., in intervals of one hour between measurements. The species presents oscillations in its physiologic mechanism in function of the time of evaluation and climatic conditions, being the most suitable interval to determine gas exchanges from 10:00 a.m. to 01:00 p.m.


Objective To observe the change of myocardial enzymes in newborn with intrauterine hypoxia,neonatal asphyxia,newborn with intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia,and normal newborns for exploring the clinical significance of serum myocardial zymogram for detecting myocardial injury in newborn with intrauterine hypoxia.Methods The parameters of serum myocardial zymogram were measured in 34 newborn with intrauterine hypoxia,34 neonatal asphyxia,32 neonatal asphyxia and newborn with intrauterine hypoxia,and 30 normal newborns.Results In newborn with intrauterine hypoxia group,myocardial enzyme was the expression of LDH(742±146)u/L,HBDH(539±143)u/L,CK(1 310±489)u/L,CK-MB(174±51)u/L;in newborn asphyxia group,LDH(752±146)u/L,HBDH(552±146)u/L,CK(1 383±531)u/L,CK-MB(183±63)u/L;in newborn with intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia group,LDH(784±132)u/L,HBDH(581±130)u/L,CK(1551±542)u/L,CK-MB(198±58)u/L.There was no statistical difference in the three groups(P0.05).Serum myocardial zymographic parameters in these three groups were significantly higher than those in normal newborns group:LDH(688±129)u/L,HBDH(469±130)u/L,CK(986±468)u/L,CK-MB(43±17)u/L(P0.05).Conclusion Myocardial damage may be indicated by serum myocardial zymogram in the newborn with intrauterine hypoxia.Early detection of serum myocardial zymogram parameters is important.


The predatory abilities of Stethorus punctillum Weise and Scolothrips takahashii Priesener adults on Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) adults were studied under laboratory conditions.The results showed that the functional responses of S.punctillum and S.takahashii to T.cinnabarinus both followed the Holling type Ⅱmodel;the respective fitted Holling disc equations were Na=0.7181N0/(1+0.0175N0) and Na=0.5168N0/(1+0.0136N0).The maximum daily number of T.cinnabarinus consumed by individual S.punctillum and S.takahashii were 41.11 and 38.14,respectively and the respective prey-handling times for each species were 0.0243 and 0.0262 d.The models of intraspecific interference for S.punctillum and S.takahashii were E=0.1916P-0.1805 and E=0.1535P-0.4684,respectively.S.punctillum adults were more effective predators of T.cinnabarinus adults than S.takahashii adults.


THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS STUDY WERE TO DESCRIBE, ANALYZE, AND, IF NECESSARY, RECOMMEND MODIFICATIONS AND REDESIGN OF NORTH CAROLINA'S TRAFFIC RECORDS SYSTEM. IN PHASE 1 THE COMPONENTS OF THE TRAFFIC RECORDS SYSTEM WERE IDENTIFIED AND DESCRIBED. IN PHASE 2 THE SYSTEM WAS ANALYZED IN TERMS OF ITS ABILITY TO MEET BOTH PRESENT AND FUTURE OBJECTIVES AND REQUIREMENTS. IN THIS REPORT THE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SYSTEM MODIFICATION PROPOSED IN THE PHASE 2 FINAL REPORT ARE DEVELOPED IN DETAIL. TYPES OF RECORDS INCLUDED ARE: TRAFFIC, ACCIDENT, LIABILITY INSURANCE, VEHICLE REGISTRATION, VEHICLE INSPECTION, DRIVER LICENSING. /HSL/


The early to mid-Eighteenth Dynasty can be considered a transformational moment in Egypt's social history. The first true northern empire was forged gradually over the course of a century — first through the vengeful conquests of Ahmose, then through the ambitious and exploratory expeditions of Thutmose I, and finally via Thutmose III's relentless annual campaigning. The last stage, perhaps already anticipated during the joint reign with Hatshepsut,1 took place over the better part of two decades in the middle of the fifteenth century B.C. and occasioned such an influx of prisoners of war that the citizens of the imperial center at Thebes found themselves surrounded by foreign slaves.


This paper presents a systematic procedure for optimizing the geometry of high-speed data links based on Signal Integrity constraints. The structures under consideration are flexible printed circuits typically found in mobile devices having moving parts. Since the geometry of such interconnects is approximately translation-invariant, we adopt multiconductor transmission line models, characterized by broadband frequency- dependent per-unit-length parameters that implicitly account for losses and dispersion. Each interconnect is characterized by several geometrical and material parameters, which con- stitute the free variables for optimization of the link. Signal integrity constraints such as return loss, impedance, attenuation, or ultimately eye diagram opening are used as goals in a closed-loop optimization process. We employ an efficient model parameterization scheme based on the Generalized Method of Characteristics to reduce the number of RLGC computations and to convert the parameterized model into a SPICE-ready deck for transient simulation and eye diagram generation under realistic loading conditions. Several numerical results illustrate the feasibility of the approach. I. INTRODUCTION


who had grown up under the influence of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. After the experience of the 1848 revolutions, the Risorgimento idea cultivated by the post-Napoleonic exiles could not survive without deep changes. In any case, it no longer corresponded to the basic feelings and political attitudes of the social elites, who had been rendered more conservative by the revolution, and who later, between 1859 and 1861, would construct the nation-state, subsequently organizing political power on a very narrow social basis.


Genetics has reached certain conclusions as to the nature of the germ-material that have an important bearing on the interpretation of the localization of the hereditary elements that influence development. Most of the genetic information has come from a study of the inheritance of the characters of adult animals and plants, but it is not without significance to find that the same conclusions can be derived from a study of the characters shown by embryos and larval forms. It would be out of place here to give the evidence for Mendel's theory of heredity, but its conclusions can be drawn upon and its principles illustrated by the inheritance of larval and embryonic characters. The most complete evidence comes from the caterpillars of the silkworm moth (Bombyx mori), especially from the work of two Japanese investigators, Toyama and Tanaka. Many races of silkworms are cultivated. The caterpillars show racial differences, especially in their color markings and in the color and shape of the cocoons. The heredity of more than a dozen different types of caterpillars and of several kinds of cocoons has been worked out. In addition, the color of the eggs and young embryos enclosed in the egg have furnished important evidence of "maternal inheritance," as has also the number of broods produced each year.


Objective To study the inhibitory effect of human angiostatin K(1 3) against C 6 glioma.Methods The eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 SA(K1 3) containing human angiostatin(K1 3)cDNA was established,then transfected into C 6 cells with lipofectamine.Transfected C 6 cells and normal C 6 cells were transplanted into the brains of Wistar rats respectively to observe the life cycle of the rats and the growth of the tumors.HE and Ⅷ factor staining of the brain specimens were also carried out.Results No gross tumor loci were observed in the brains of the rats transfected with C 6 cells and the life cycle of these rats was much longer than controls(P0.01).HE and Ⅷ factor staining of these brain specimens only showed microscopic nidus without vessels.Conclusion Human AK(1 3) against vascular endothelial cells in side secretion form could distinctly inhibit the neovascularation,leading to the inhibition of the tumor growth.


The title compound, C14H22O4S, crystallizes with two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. In both molecules, the six-membered ring exhibits a sofa conformation while the seven-membered ring is in a boat-like conformation with the tert-butyl group in a pseudo-equatorial position.


Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics,treatment,and related prognostic factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical features,treatment,and prognosis of 121 patients with GIST who were hospitalized in the Union Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University Jul 1999 to Jun 2007.Results:The ratio of male patients to female patients with GIST was 1.57:1.The age of these 121 patients ranged from 26 to 83 years old,and the median age was 61 years old.Among the 121 cases,most of GIST were located in stomach and intestine.Immunohistochemical staining showed that 114 cases had positive expression of CD117 and 94 cases had positive expression of CD34.All the patients were treated with surgery,and 84 patients received complete resection and 31 patients underwent lymph node dissection or biopsy.From the 274 examined lymph nodes only two had metastasis.Totally 68 patients received Imatinib Mesylate therapy for 3 to 38 months.Out of the 121 patients 106 patients were followed up for 7 to 85 months.The 1-,3-,and 5-year cumulative progression-free survival rates were 88.8%,55.6%,and 35.9%,respectively.The overall survival rates were 97.8%,71.8%,and 57.0%,respectively.Univariate analysis showed that the survival rate of GIST patients correlated with tumor location,tumor size,mitotic count,Flechers' classification,surgical procedure,with or without Imatinib Mesylate therapy.Stratified analyses indicated that Flechers' classification after complete surgical resection and Imatinib Mesylate therapy were independent factors affecting postoperative recurrence-free survival time.Multivariate analyses showed that tumor size,mitotic count,Flechers' classification,complete resection,Imatinib Mesylate therapy were independent prognostic factors for patients with GIST.Conclusion:Tumor size and mitotic count are two important prognostic factors for patients with GIST.Complete surgical resection is related with the prognosis of GIST,but this study does not advocate conventional dissection of systemic lymph node.Imatinib Mesylate can increase the 3-year survival rate of GIST patients.Adjuvant targeted therapy with Imatinib Mesylate after complete surgical resection would delay the recurrence and metastasis of GIST.


Reforms aimed at power sector should primarily address the issues of maximisation of production and efficiency in utilisation, transmission and distribution. While discussing agenda for reforms, the article gives an overview of power sector in India, its organisational set-up and a critical evaluation of proposed strategies for future. ft outlines the desired approach for res·tructuring and policy making in different segments particularly in view of attempted privatisation of some of the operations.


In this paper, we estimate the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) yield of eclipsing binary stars, which will survey ∼20,000 deg2 of the southern sky during a period of 10 years in six photometric passbands to r ∼ 24.5. We generate a set of 10,000 eclipsing binary light curves sampled to the LSST time cadence across the whole sky, with added noise as a function of apparent magnitude. This set is passed to the analysis-of-variance period finder to assess the recoverability rate for the periods, and the successfully phased light curves are passed to the artificial-intelligence-based pipeline ebai to assess the recoverability rate in terms of the eclipsing binaries' physical and geometric parameters. We find that, out of ∼24 million eclipsing binaries observed by LSST with a signal-to-noise ratio >10 in mission lifetime, ∼28% or 6.7 million can be fully characterized by the pipeline. Of those, ∼25% or 1.7 million will be double-lined binaries, a true treasure trove for stellar astrophysics.


The present work numerically simulates the flow of a single isolated liquid plug (of glycerine and water, respectively) flowing in a round capillary tube (ID = 2.0 mm), to understand its local thermal transport behavior. When an isolated liquid plug moves in a capillary tube there is a difference in the advancing and receding dynamic contact angles of the two menisci, respectively. This has been considered in the simulations. The linearized simplification of Hoffman-Tanner's law is used to model the variation in the two respective apparent contact angles, with the velocity of the liquid plug (i.e. Ca = μU/σ). Simulations are carried out for a range of Capillary number and length of liquid plugs. It has been found that variation in dynamic contact angle leads to enhanced local and average heat transfer coefficient in the moving liquid plug; the local fluid circulation being affected by meniscus deformations. In addition, as the length of the liquid plug is increased, heat transfer coefficient decreases and finally shows the asymptotic transport behavior of Poiseuille flow. Other than Capillary number, the fluid Prandtl number strongly affects the local thermo-hydrodynamics.


Asserting the responsiveness of integrated design processes to the human condition relies upon these processes being informed by an artistic tradition founded in cognitive activities that are motivated by the conceiving of unique environmental form. This paper examines the changing, yet essential role of creative activities in contemporary project delivery systems within the context of an ideal business construct, the Virtual Organization. The implications of this transformation for project-based design studio synthetic experience-contingent learning are discussed with reference to an ideal pedagogical construct, the Virtual Design Studio. Because the latter represents learning experiences that are predicated on its empirical counterpart, the Virtual Organization, pedagogical dimensions appropriate to learning strategies in collaborative technology-mediated environments are explicated.


The purpose of our research is to make clear the mechanism that a reader (physician or radiological technologist) effectively identify abnormal findings in CT images of lung cancer screening by using with CAD system. A method guessing the 2X2 decision matrix between reader / CAD and reader / reader with CAD was investigated. We suppose the next scene to be it. At first, a reader judges whether abnormal findings per one patient per one CT image are present (1) or absent (0) without CAD results. The second, a reader judges whether abnormal findings are present (1) or absent (0) with CAD results. We expresses the correlation between diagnoses by a reader and CAD system for abnormal cases and for normal cases by following formula using phi correlation coefficient:φ=(cd-ab)/√(a+c)(b+d)(b+c)(a+d). a,b,c,d: 2X2 decision matrix parameters. If TPR1=(a+c)/n, TPR2=(b+c)/n and TPR3=(a+b+c)/n for abnormal cases, TPR3=TPR1+TPR2 - TPR1×TRR2 - φ√TPR1(1-TPR1)TPR2(1-TPR2). Therefore, a=n (TPR3 - TPR1), b=n (TPR3 - TPR2), c=n (TPR1 + TPR2 -TPR3), d=n (1.0 - TPR3). This theory was applied for the experimental data. The 41 students interpreted the same CT images [no training]. A second interpretation was performed after they had been instructed on how to interpret CT images [training], and third was assisted by a virtual CAD [training + CAD]. The mechanism that makes up for a good point of a reader and a CAD with CAD in interpreting CT images was theoretically and experimentally investigated. We concluded that a method guessing the decision matrix (2X2) between a reader and a CAD decided the "presence" or "absence" of abnormal findings explain the improvement mechanism of diagnostic performance with CAD system.


We review the properties of nonlinear waves on the electrical transmission lines periodically loaded with tunneling diodes (TDs) termed—TD lines.In general, the transmission equation of a linear dispersive line allows both sinusoidal and exponential solutions. However, exponential solutions are usually discarded because they diverge at infinity, and therefore, do not satisfy any physically meaningful boundary conditions. In a TD line, once the input pulse crosses the peak voltage of the loaded TDs, the exponential wave develops atsmaller voltagesthan the peak, and the ordinary sinusoidal wave is coupled to it atgreater voltages. The sinusoidal part can continuously unite with the leading exponential wave, so that the exponential wave can be formed along the dispersive line without violating physical boundary conditions. By developing exponential waves, a TD line exhibits technologically useful properties that result in the generation and management of short pulses.When an impulse is input to a TD line, the resulting exponential wave is much steeper than the input; therefore, the input pulse experiences significant shortening. Moreover, when a rising step pulse, whose bottom and top voltage levels lie in the voltage ranges below and above the peak voltage is input, the pulse edge oscillates on the line. This chapter discusses nonlinear wave propagation on TD lines in detail. We first define TD lines and describes their circuit configuration and principle of operation. We employ an idealized model of a TD line, which makes a comprehensive description of the operating principles possible. It also gives us design criteria for a short-pulse generator or oscillator using TD lines. We then examine the validity of the analytically obtained design criteria through numerical integration of the transmission equations of a TD line. We alsocharacterize the line using full-wave calculations for monolithically integrated lines. Next, severalexperimental results are described, which are obtained by the time-domain measurements using TD lines breadboarded with Esaki diodes. Finally, we describe the potential of TD lines for the management of short pulses.


The invention relates to a multilateral well experimental model, a multilateral well experimental system and a sand filling method. Experimental sand is filled into the upper part of the multilateral well experimental model, and the lower part of the experimental model is used for simulating bottom water. A bottom water diffusion plate is arranged between the upper and lower parts. A layer of gauze element is arranged between the bottom water diffusion plate and the upper part of the experimental model. According to the multilateral well experimental model, the influence of edge water and the bottom water of an oil reservoir on the productivity of a multilateral well and the distribution of a near-well pressure field is effectively simulated under boundary conditions closer to various boundaries such as the bottom water, the edge water and enclosure in a real oil reservoir environment, so that the influence of different boundary conditions on the productivity of an oil well can be obtained.


Rice production is highly seasonal, and the timing for conducting harvest operations has a relatively significant impact on yields, especially the appropriate timing of the harvesting operations. Using scientific methods to monitor the appropriate harvest period can effectively reduce harvesting losses. Most of the existing studies in this field focus on yield changes that occur during the harvest period of rice and also use multispectral remote sensing for inversion of the crop canopy. However, there has been no research on combining the yields and spectral characteristics of the harvest period. In this article, a monitoring method for the appropriate harvest period of rice based on multispectral remote sensing was established. Remote sensing data of the rice canopy were acquired using UAV equipped with multispectral (550 nm, 660 nm, 735 nm, and 790 nm) cameras, and physiological characteristic data of rice moisture content, thousand-grain weight, and tassel ratios were determined simultaneously. Single-band and combined-band spectral reflectance were introduced as model input variables to compare the BP neural network, SVM, and decision tree; a quantitative inversion model of the physiological characteristics of rice was established. The accuracy of the inversion model with different input variables and model methods was evaluated, and the optimal inversion model for rice moisture content and thousand-grain weight was selected, which could be used to determine whether the crop was harvested during the appropriate period. The continuous monitoring of two rice varieties (South Japonica 46 and South Japonica 5055) indicated that the moisture content of South Japonica 46 decreased linearly during the 20-day trial period, while its thousand-grain weight showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The moisture content of South Japonica 5055 showed a fluctuating downward trend, and its thousand-grain weight also showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The spectral reflectance at 735 nm increased gradually, and that of both rice varieties increased from about 35% at the beginning of the trial to about 75% in the later stage. The spectral reflectance at the other three bands did not show significant change with the harvest date. The inverse model of spectral reflectance with rice thousand-grain weight and moisture content was established using the BP neural network, SVM, and decision tree. In single-band inversion models, the regression effect at 735 nm was relatively good in the BP neural network model, with the highest determination coefficients of spectral reflectance and thousand-grain weight of both rich varieties and the smallest RMSE of prediction results. In combined-band inversion models, the regression effects at 550 + 660+735 nm and 660 + 735+790 nm were the best in the SVM and thousand-grain weight inversion models.


Instrumentation to automatically record amplitude distribution curves is described. Basically the method employed is that proposed by Landon in which one measures the relative lengths of time that a signal is equal to, or less than, a given amplitude. A digital approach, similar to that of Davenport, is made. However, instead of modulating a pulse train with the studied signal, as done by Davenport, the described analyzer mixes the amplitude of a high frequency sinusoid with the studied signal, producing greater stability and requiring less bandwidth. The amplitude is scanned by reducing the amplitude of the carrier sinusoid, while keeping the rms value of the studied signal constant. The distribution curves of a random noise sample and of two sinusoids, the latter of which are used in calibration of the amplitude axis, are presented.


Articles from the National Science Teacher Association (NSTA) publications were analyzed to investigate resources available for teachers who want to implement interdisciplinary approaches into the science classroom. All articles in each journal from 2004 through 2008 were read an analyzed; approximately 13% of Science & Children (elementary), 21% of Science Scope (middle), and 17% of The Science Teacher (high school) articles met the interdisciplinary approach criteria. Results show that overall, reading, writing, art, and technology are the subjects most commonly integrated into science. Surprisingly, math is rarely discussed across all school levels. Comparing the articles across different school levels, Science Scope articles have the highest number of integrated articles, whereas The Science Teacher had the fewest number of integrated articles.


The title of this final report is Providing written information about KampungKapitan 7 Ulu Palembang using Tourism Brochure. The problem are How does the caretaker provide written information about KampungKapitan 7 Ulu Palembang, How do the tourists get the information about KampungKapitan 7 Ulu Palembang, Does the tourist brochure provided in the site meet the needs for information about KampungKapitan. The purpose of this final report are To investigate how the caretaker provide written information about KampungKapitan 7 Ulu Palembang, To investigate how the touristsget the information about KampungKapitan 7 Ulu Palembang, To investigate whether the tourism brochures provided in the site meets the needs for information about KampungKapitan. The method of this report was qualitative descriptive method. The writer collected data through observation, interview and questionneire. The object of research was National Collegian Leadership Management Training that holds on 13rd until 17th April 2015 in State Polytechnic of Sriwijaya. The subject of this study were the visitors, caretakers, and experts. From the result, the writer can conclude that the brochure was very helpful in providing information about tourism object.


One of the major objectives of the EAST-EEA project, an ITEA-project with 23 partners from 4 European countries, is to develop a middleware based on today's standard software modules. This middleware shall offer services for transparent communication inside the classical vehicle domains as well as for cross-domain communication. After the motivation of the project, the requirements for such a middleware are presented. Subsequently, some selected domain oriented approaches for the Body and Powertrain domains and the concept for the realisation of cross-domain services are described. Beside the middleware and its services, a methodology for governing the system complexity in the design of distributed embedded control software Is absolutely necessary. A central component of this methodology is the EAST-EEA-ADL (Architecture Description Language). This paper is completed with a discussion of the results and a lookout on already planned follow-up activities and a possible subsequent standardisation.


Popularity of pneumatics is on the rise and they had received more attention since they offer many advantages over other type of force actuators such as costly effective, cleanliness and high power to weight ratio. Some of their engineering applications are included robotics, suspension system, haptic interface and etcetera. Servo pneumatic actuator system consists of a servo valve and a cylinder where its piston position needs to be controlled through servo valve as a commander in tracking desired trajectory along the stroke. The negative point of pneumatics which makes them difficult to control is their highly nonlinear behaviour. The objective of this study was to obtain mathematical model and control an industrial servo pneumatic system. Obtaining nonlinear mathematical model accurately to be used in controller design needs to determine all physical parameters of the real system which is very expensive and time consuming, to simplifying this procedure, model of system was analysed and obtained using system identification toolbox in Matlab. The system was excited with particular sine wave signal. Parametric approach using ARMAX structure was used to approximate the model. The best model was accepted based on the best fit criterion through SI toolbox. N-PID controller was designed for the model through the simulation. The results showed that N-PID controller provides better output than conventional PID controller. N-PID controller exhibits faster response to the system with desired transient error. But when the N-PID controller was applied on the real pneumatic system it showed very poor result because of existence of friction force. To improve the overall system output a friction compensator and a stabilizer attached to the N-PID controller. The system result illustrates that friction compensator and stabilized are very useful since they sufficiently enhance the controller performance. Self-tuning or robust controller beside of online system parameter estimation could be developed in future to increase the reliability of the controller.


By adding carbon black, ferrite and metal powders, polyacrylonitrile(PAN) based carbon fiber felts and epoxy resin were used to make a new kind of structural material for the application of radar microwave absorption. The material with area density of 5.2 kg/m 2 achieved maximum absorbing value of -13.37 dB, and minimum value of -10 dB over the whole frequency range (8~18 GHz). The absorbing mechanisms were discussed using theory of electromagnetic scattering.


Substance abuse is a maladaptive use of a drug, resulting in impairment of functioning or distress, as manifested by a failure to perform adequately at home, school or work. In Nigeria, a large number of the population mostly the youth buy drugs without any physician's prescription. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of the youth on measure in reducing or controlling substances abuse in Sokoto, Sokoto state, Nigeria. An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was used. Twelve youth between the ages 18 to 30 years who abuse different substances but were not in psychotic state were recruited using snowball and purposive sampling methods. Semi-structured interview guide was used to interview the respondents after obtaining an informed consent from the respondents. The interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim, the data was analyzed using content analysis. The findings of this study revealed that Job provision, enlightenment and education were perceived measures in prevention, reduction or controlling substance abuse in Sokoto. Recommendations were made based on the findings of the study such as the government and non-governmental organizations should provide job opportunities for the youth. Keywords: Substances, Substance Abuse, Youth, Sokoto, Measures


1937, over 2,000 water treatment systems have been installed for producing the equivalent of distilled water by a process which is mechanically like filtration. The process is called demineralizing, deionizing, or desalting, depending on the point of view taken. To learn the magnitude of these operations, a canvass was made of six manufacturers who produce the bulk of industrial and utility water treatment equipment. The information reported by these manufacturers is given in Table 1 and covers plants with capacities from 10 gpm to more than 2,000 gpm, but does not include several thousand units fur-


Hasiec M., Szlis M., Chmielewska N., Górski K., Romanowicz K., Misztal T. (2017): Effect of salsolinol on ACTH and cortisol response to handling stress in early anestrous sheep. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 130–139. Inhibition of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activity by salsolinol was demonstrated in lactating sheep. We assessed whether salsolinol regulates, besides lactation, also adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol release, and if its action is prolactin-dependent. We examined two groups of early anestrous sheep, which received for three days salsolinol or vehicle-only intracerebroventricular injections, and a group of lactating sheep injected with the vehicle only. On day 3, blood samples were collected for over six hours and the anterior pituitary was dissected. Plasma ACTH, cortisol, and prolactin concentrations, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and prolactin (PRL) mRNA expression within the anterior pituitary were assayed. In all groups, ACTH and cortisol concentrations were higher (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) during the first half of sampling than in the second half; there were no differences in prolactin concentration. Lactating sheep had lower (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations and higher (P < 0.001) plasma prolactin concentration than both groups of anestrous sheep during the first half of sampling. In the second half, there were no differences in ACTH and cortisol concentrations between all groups, but prolactin concentration was still higher (P < 0.001) in lactating animals. Salsolinol treatment decreased ACTH and cortisol concentrations during the first half of sampling (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001) compared to the anestrous controls, but had no effect on prolactin concentration. POMC mRNA expression was lower (P < 0.05) and PRL mRNA expression was higher (P < 0.05) in lactating sheep than in anestrous sheep. Salsolinol did not affect POMC and PRL mRNA expression. In conclusion, increased ACTH and cortisol concentrations during the first half of sampling occurred in response to handling stress. Salsolinol inhibited the HPA axis response to stress in early anestrous sheep, and it was unrelated to prolactin secretion.


Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment regimens of local advanced colorectal cancer with bladder involvement.Methods The data of patients treated from January 1999 to August 2008 was collected and analyzed using SPSS 13.0 statistics software.Results Patients(n=72)with colorectal tumors adherent to the bladder found at operation and without distal metastasis were followed.Operative complication morbidity rate was 22.2%.Pathological analysis demonstrated bladder adherence in 45.8% and invasion in 54.2%.Overall 5-year survival rate was 58.2%.The 5-year survival rate of patients with lymph node negative and with lymph node positive were 68.0% and 29.0%,respectively.Conclusions En bloc bladder resection for adherent or invading tumors of the colorectum can achieve good local control and long-term effect.Patients with negative margin and negative lymph node metastatis have good prognosis.


Even though the key drive for eating is hunger, what one chooses to eat is not determined solely by physiological or nutritional needs. Consumers make their purchasing decisions based on a number of factors, hence the need for greater understanding of these determinants to facilitate outcome of successful interventions. The study was to investigate the determinants of food choice behaviour among Ghanaians in the Greater Accra Region. A cross-sectional survey, mainly by questionnaire, was used to source information on socio-demographic, medical history and food choice behaviours of consumers between the ages of 18-75 years who patronize some super markets and shopping malls within the Greater Accra Region. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine and assess associations between determinants of food choice behaviour and socio-demographic predictors. All analyses were two-tailed and a 'p' value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Money (cost), time (convenience), adverts and label information were some key determinants that influenced food choice behaviour of most respondents. Females were mostly influenced by nutrition/diet books and food label information as compared to male respondents. Our findings also suggested that respondents with education up to middle school or no formal education were more likely to be influenced by advertisement on mass media compared to those with formal education from the senior high school up to the university levels. Perceived body weight did not influence food choice behaviour much since most participants thought they had normal weight. Socio-economic status, level of education and gender are key determinants of food choice behaviours. These are key factors to be considered to plan interventions to help Ghanaians make better food choices.


The extension of marketing to the service arena has led researchers to test the influence of certain magnitudes traditionally studied on goods. This is aim of the present work which attempts to compare consumer's involvement before the purchase of some proposed goods and services.


In this paper, we describe our participation in the Query Understanding subtask of the NTCIR-12 IMINE Task. We propose a method that extracts subtopics by leveraging the query suggestions from search engines. The importance of the subtopics with the query is estimated by exploiting multiple query-dependent and query-independent features with supervised feature selection. To diversify the subtopics, we employ maximummarginal relevance (MMR) framework based diversification technique by balancing the relevance and novelty. The best performance of our method achieves an I-rec of 0.7557, a D-nDCG of 0.6644, a D#-nDCG of 0.7100, and a QU-score of 0.5057 at the cutoff rank 10 for query understanding task.


Based on surveys of community plots in Jinhua suburban during spring and autumn,background data of the alien weeds in the area were obtained.Based upon the investigation,together with previous researches,73 exotic weed species,belonging to 54 genera and 24 families,were recorded from the suburban of Jinhua.Among these alien weeds,Oenothera laciniata was an alien weed new to the centre of Zhejing Province,and Lactuca serriola new to eastern China.Compositae(species/genera=21/17),Gramineae(7/5),Leguminosae(7/5),Amaranthaceae(7/2),Euphorbiaceae(4/2),Convolvulaceae(4/2) were the dominant families.The analyses also showed that: 1) Species were rare in general genera,as high as 75.90% genera only including 1 species and 22.22% genera containing 2~3 species;2) The main geographical elements of the exotic weed genera were Cosmopolitan,Pantropic,North Temperate,Tropical Asia Tropical America disjuncted,Old World Temperate,accounting for 39.47%,21.05%,18.42%,13.16% of the total respectively(excluding cosmopolitan).Compared with the flora geographic elements of Mount Bei in Jinhua,higher tropical proportion was found in alien weed,and special attention should be paid to species with Tropical Asia Tropical America disjuncted distribution pattern;3) Totally about 81% of the alien weeds originated from America(59%) and Europe(22%),so appropriate measures to control the introduction of these original plants would be essential.Further analyses on the alien weeds revealed the botanical traits in relation to their invading disturbed habitat successfully as follows: short minimum generation time for annuals and biennials;higher tolerance to being trampled;being toxic;with large abundance of small seeds;diverse patterns in seeds distribution.These traits could provide a basis for the predictive theory on plant invasiveness.


INFN, jointly with ENEA, is working at the design study for an accelerator driven waste transmutation subcritical system, TRASCO. In particular, our group is studying the high energy section, above 100 MeV, of the high power (> 30 MW) proton linac driver at 352 MHz, following the guidelines we presented at the Linac'96 Conference. The funded activities include the overall conceptual design of the three section SC linac and the development and tests of prototypes for the cavities and cryomodules. An overview of the status and perspectives of these activities will be given in this paper. 1 THE TRASCO PROJECT The TRASCO Project is a two year funded (10 M$) program in which INFN, jointly with ENEA and various Italian industries, will work on the design study of an accelerator driven waste transmutation subcritical system. TRASCO is an Italian acronym for Transmutation (TRAsmutazione) of Waste (SCOrie). This program is in line with the growing European consensus, promoted by Carlo Rubbia through the idea of the Energy Amplifier, on a long term reconsideration of the civil use of nuclear power, based on a final solution of the waste accumulation problem. While similar programs are underway in the US and in Japan, in Europe the various national efforts are coordinating through the signature of Memoranda of Understanding, like the one recently signed by INFN, CEA and IN2P3 for a common effort in the accelerator technology development. Another MOU signed with the CERN group led by E. Chiaveri will give us the opportunity to make use of the wide experience gained so far in the production and commissioning of the LEP2 cavities. In particular, the cavity prototypes planned for TRASCO will be treated and tested at the CERN premises. The aim of our specific effort in this preliminary, and short-termed, program is to set the feasibility of a high beam power proton linac based, whenever possible, on the "cheap" CERN technology developed for the LEP2 superconducting cavities. This is an extremely attractive option, since it allows the possibility to make use of large and expensive facilities, existing at CERN and at various European companies, for the studies on prototypes. The low energy section of the machine, up to 6 MeV, is under study by others INFN groups (at LNL and LNS), in the framework of the collaboration with CEA and IN2P3. While a working prototype of the source is in operation at Saclay, the design and development of the CW, 6 MeV, RFQ, similar to the one developed for APT at LANL, is considered one of the major technological tasks. The medium energy part, up to 100 MeV, is in study by INFN/LNL, and will take advantage of a contract signed with a qualified industry.


A title in the "Penguin Critical Studies" series, its subject being George Eliot's tragic novel, "The Mill on the Floss".


This review discusses the off-line and on-line coupling of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Off-line methods involve collecting fractions or depositing a sample on a prepared target prior to MALDI analysis. Because LC fraction collection is straightforward, off-line MALDI LC-MS is relatively easy to implement and widely used. Collecting CE fractions poses a greater challenge due to the small sample volume and the high voltage electrical connection that must be maintained during separation. Methods for off-line MALDI CE-MS employing a porous glass joint, liquid sheath flow, low-volume buffer, or direct deposition are discussed. On-line coupling of MALDI to liquid separations involves introducing the sample directly into the mass spectrometer, using either a continuous-flow (CF) probe or an aerosol spray. With CF MALDI, liquid samples are delivered to the probe through a silica capillary. Aerosol MALDI relies on a pneumatic nebulizer to deliver samples to the mass spectrometer, where ions are formed through irradiation of the particles. CF MALDI and aerosol MALDI have both been coupled to LC separations, although further refinements in both techniques are needed. Future prospects for liquid separations and both off-line and on-line MALDI are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Mass Spectrom Rev 16, 283–299, 1997


Water and sanitation facilities in sub-Saharan Africa and Africa in general are appalling and for the most part absent. Progress continues with respect to the development of plant materials as potent adsorbents, disinfectants, coagulants, flocculants, wetland species and lots more as substitutes for the dangerous chemical disinfectants.
This research presents the potential of phyto-active components of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Gongronema latifolium as effective biocides against water microbial contaminants. Dry powder of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides and Gongronema latifolium were extracted and prepared into different concentrations with ethyl acetate and chloroform, ranging from 25 to 500 mg/ml. These fractions were then examined for antimicrobial activities against inherent bacterial and fungal water contaminants using disc diffusion assay. Fractions were afterwards screened for phytochemical active compounds using standard methods. Crude extracts of the different plant examined selectively comprise saponins, tannins, reducing sugars, anthraquinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, phlobatanins and alkaloids. All plant extracts showed broad spectrum antibiosis against selected gram positive and gram negative bacteria including E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp, S. pneumoniae and B. cereus, as well as tested fungi, including A. niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma sp and Candida sp. While all extracts exhibited maximum antibiosis at 500 mg/ml, the chloroform extracts compared well than ethyl acetate extracts. The overall results revealed that antimicrobial activities of the plant extracts are dose dependent with comparative activity greater than that of commercial antibiotics at the concentration of extracts tested. E.coli was the most susceptible microbial isolate tested and represents the potential of the extract against a group of coliform which are important indicators of microbial pollution in water. Other microbial isolates also recorded sensitivity to extracts tested at varying degrees. The findings indicate that microbes tested were mostly susceptible to chloroform extract of Z. zanthoxyloides and G. latifolium except for the activity of ethyl acetate extract of Z. zanthoxyloide against E.coli. Results of phytochemical screening of the extract also showed the varied presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and anthraquinones The results indicated that plant materials investigated can be developed as effective biocides against water microbial contaminants


THEOREM 0. Let En -En X be a homogeneous line bundle over a C-space of complex dimension n. Suppose that the first Chern class ci(Eo) is given by a negative semi-definite quadratic form of index k < n. Then HI(X, E*) = 0 for q < k. (If k = n, we have again Kodaira's theorem.) To apply Theorem 0 to C-spaces, a fairly extensive study of the differential geometry of homogeneous vector bundles is useful; these results may be of independent interest. The reason is that the Atiyah construction of the Chern classes in terms of forms does not work in the non-Kahler case and so one must use a curvature tensor in order to construct the forms. Using Theorem 0 and the fact that H*(X, E*) may be written in terms of Lie algebra cohomology, Theorem 1 is completed using several spectral sequences in Lie algebra cohomology. The Leray spectral sequence used by Bott does not seem to give the complete information here. As mentioned above, the details of the proofs together with other results and applications will appear later.


Biogas obtained from the biodegradable organic wastes in an anaerobic digester consists of and inert gases such as and . Since the composition of biogas varies by anaerobic digester conditions and the origin of wastes, it is necessary to respond to these variations so as to make stable combustion and accomplish high efficiency when it is used as a fuel for power generating SI engines. In this study, efforts have been made to investigate the effect of changes in the calorific values of biogas on the engine performance and exhaust characteristics. The biogas was simulated by supplying of with dilution of various ratios, and ECM was developed to achieve accurate control of ignition and combustion. The results show that as the concentration of the biogas decreases, the optimal spark timing is advanced due to the elevated thermal capacity and lowered concentration of the in-cylinder charge. Furthermore, since combustion temperature was reduced by increased inert gas, emissions decreased, whereas THC emissions increased.


It is suggested that the "primary" psychological abnormality in some schizophrenic patients is inability to forget normally owing to unusually vivid memories. Phenomena of possible relevance to this hypothesis are discussed.


Abstract : One of the enduring controversies of World War II is the debate over the value of the Brittany campaign following the Normandy breakout. The Allies adhered to an Overlord requirement by sending Third Army west to seize port facilities in Brittany, while German forces were retreating to the east. A key objective in Brittany was the creation of a new port facility, Operation Chastity, at Quiberon Bay, on the Brittany peninsula. Quiberon Bay was not seized and Operation Chastity was eventually canceled. The Allied campaign waged between August 1944 and May 1945 was plagued by logistics shortfalls. While some argue Third Army forces were capable of seizing the existing Brittany ports during the early days of the breakout, most agree this is not the case. The ability to seize Quiberon Bay however has received little attention. If secured in the early days of the breakout, Operation Chastity would have provided a key logistics source for Allied operations against Germany. In the heady days following the breakout, may Allied leaders spoke of ending the war by year's end. Logistics constraints resulting from post D-Day decisions helped eliminate this possibility. Had Chastity been completed, that goal might have been achieved.


Purpose: This study evaluated the trends and factors associated with maxillofacial fractures treated from 1997 to 2007 in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital. Material and Methods: This study included 364 patients of which 82% were men and 45%, 20-29-years old. The etiology, anatomical distribution, treatment modality and complications of maxillofacial fractures were examined. Results: Overall, interpersonal violence, traffic accidents and falls were the most common mechanisms of injury. There was a decreasing trend in traffic accidents and increasing one in falls as a cause of fracture over the 11-years period of this study. Young male patients were preferentially victim of interpersonal violence and traffic accidents, while middle-aged ones were of falls and work-related accidents. Middle-aged female patients were preferentially victim of traffic accidents and interpersonal violence, while older ones were of falls. And the number of fractures per patient varied according to the mechanism of injury: low after work-related accidents and high after traffic accidents. About two-third of fractures involved the mandible. Most of these mandibular fractures were treated by osteosynthesis with or without intermaxillary fixation, with the proportion of the latter increasing over time. There were very few postoperative infections and only in mandible. Conclusions: Maxillofacial fractures predominantly occur in young men, due to interpersonal violence. There is nevertheless an increasing trend in falls as a cause of fracture, especially in female patients, consistent with the increasing trend in presentation of older people. Most maxillofacial fractures involve the mandible and there is an increasing trend in treating these fractures by osteosynthesis without intermaxillary fixation. Antibiotic prophylaxis associated with dental hygiene care can be indicated to prevent postoperative infections. Key words:Maxillofacial fractures, Epidemiology, Trends, Influencing factors, Fall, Age, Gender, Antibiotic prophylaxis.


Accurate delineation of the circuit materials polycrystalline silicon ("poly"), and silicon nitride are important requirements of most SFC process sequences. We have investigated the use of SF6as an active species in the parallel-plate plasma etching of these materials. For the etching of poly there is good selectivity (better the 50:1) with respect to the etch rates of SiO2and positive photoresist. This process has been used in the fabrication of MOS transistor with 3-µm poly-gate lengths and threshold voltages vary by less than 0.05 V both across a wafer and from wafer to wafer. Etching of nitride is less selective and less isotropic than that of poly.


Argyrosis of the conjunctiva is not an uncommon condition and usually follows prolonged local medication with silver nitrate or colloidal silver compounds, principally mild silver protein. Up to the present time there has been no successful method of removing the objectionable color which is present in argyrosis of the conjunctiva. In conjunctival argyrosis there is a precipitate of silver albuminate and of silver oxide in the subconjunctival tissue. Fuchs 1 shows that the epithelium is unaffected but that the elastic fibers appear to contain brown punctate granules and there are a few extrafibrillar granules. He states that the silver is present as an organic compound. Gettler, Rhoads and Weiss 2 describe the silver particles in the skin as being found in the elastic fibers and the collagen fibers, but none are intracellular. It would seem that as the conjunctiva is exposed to light, in the same manner as is a


A field experiment entitled "Performance of sweet corn hybrids (Zea mays saccharata) as influenced by soil and foliar application of zinc" was conducted during kharif 2018 at the Experimental Farm of the Division of Agronomy, Wadura, SKUAST-K. The experiment comprised of two factors with three sweet corn hybrids, viz., Sugar 75, FSCH 75 and CMVL SC and four zinc levels, viz., soil application of ZnSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1, soil application of ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 (0.5%) foliar spray at knee high stage, soil application of ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 (0.5%) foliar spray at tasseling stage and ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 + ZnSB @ 200 ml/kg of seed laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results of the experiment revealed that hybrids had a significant effect on the yield attributes and yield of sweet corn and among different hybrids, Sugar 75 recorded significantly higher yield attributes and yield of sweet corn. However, hybrids had no effect on number of cobs per plant. Hybrid FSCH 75 recorded significantly lowest values for yield attributes and yield. Among zinc levels, soil application of ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 (0.5%) foliar spray at knee high stage produced significantly higher yield attributes and yield whereas zinc level ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 + ZnSB @ 200 ml/kg of seed recorded significantly lowest values of all the yield attributes and yield. However, zinc levels had no effect on number of cobs per plant. The economic analysis showed that highest net profit and benefit cost ratio of ₹466230.5 and 4.37 respectively was recorded by hybrid sugar 75 applied with zinc level of ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 + ZnSO4 (0.5%) foliar spray at knee high stage whereas lowest net profit and benefit cost ratio of ₹294742.5 and 2.76 respectively by hybrid FSCH 75 applied with zinc level, ZnSO4 @ 15 kg ha-1 + ZnSB @ 200 ml/kg of seed.


The activity of atovaquone in patients with oligosymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum malaria was assessed in an open, non-comparative clinical study. The patients showed a good clinical response, but there was a high rate of recrudescence. The activity of atovaquone in combination with another antimalarial agent should be investigated.


We are living in an economy of kaleidoscopic change where the only element, which is constant, is change. The industry environment is being influenced by unexpected, multiple changes reducing the period for which organizations can hold on to a competitive advantage. Every sector of industry in every corner of the globe has been affected by this change. One of the catalyst of this change has been the market which has also changed from a seller's market to a buyer's market. The buyers are more informed, thanks to the growth of Internet and consequently, information dissemination.