The traditional time synchronization algorithm for RBS,TPSN,FTSP,DMTS to establish topology structure to achieve time synchronization,once the root node or important routing node in the algorthm is failure,other nodes will not be able to time synchronize.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a distributed time synchronization algorithm based on Markov chain,by mapping the time synchronization process to Markov chain state transition process,and ultimately achieve full network node time synchronization by Markov chain convergence.The results of application show that: with the passage of time,the whole network node time model can rapidly converge,thus solving the problem of anti-destroying ability of synchronization algorithm in centralized time.


This study seeks to reveal the effects of 1) the macro-economic and fiscal environment and 2) contracting on the share of expenditures for non-collective goods out of city total expenditures. Besides, the modifying effects of government form and charters are also investigated. To construct the dependent variable, city services are grouped into collective and non-collective goods. Drawing on the celebrated works of V. Ostrom and E. Ostrom, urban politics, and public finance, a positive relationship for the environment on the share of non-collective goods and a negative relationship for contracting are hypothesized. A comprehensive panel dataset for the population of California cities over the last 17 years is utilized. The analysis finds evidence for the effects of the environment and contracting, respectively. An institutional effect is also modestly supported.


The fluctuations of theoretically defined event mean transverse momentum can be expressed in terms of inclusive multi‐particle distributions and is experimentally measurable. It is equivalent to the dynamical fluctuations of the experimentally defined event average transverse momentum when multiplicity is fixed. They are generally different from each other when multiplicity varies.


Drawing on Mary Douglas's cultural theory, our research analyzes the cultural schemes or biases mobilized by compensation committee (CC) members, in the context of public companies, when making sense of their committee's work. Relying on semi-structured interviews mostly conducted with CC members in Canada, our analysis brings to the fore the production of moral and rational comfort within the boundaries of the individualistic and hierarchical culture. Under an individualistic bias, the compensation market is seen as natural, providing conditions of possibility that serve to establish fair compensation through the creation and enforcement of contracts. Under a hierarchic bias which emphasizes principles of objectivity and measurability, members of CCs tend to conceive the design of compensation policies as an act of expertise, relying extensively on consultants and measurement techniques to determine acceptable reward boundaries. Not only does our paper contribute to corporate governance literature by providing insight into a central aspect of CCs, that is to say CC members' ways of thinking and doing, but the juxtaposition of cultural theory with CC empirics provides us with the opportunity to reflect and theorize on the issue of cultural change.


Introduction Bone marrow transplant (BMT) is a medical procedure performed to replace the soft, fatty bone marrow that has been damaged or destroyed by disease, infection, or chemotherapy. Most bone marrow transplants are usually performed on patients with certain blood cancers (leukemias) and other blood disorders. Cases of fully matched offspring(s) with parents are very rare and would occur when both parents share at least one haplotype which is commonly seen in several generations of consanguineous marriages [1].


Free-floating right heart thrombi are uncommon and need emergency treatment in view of their tendency to dislodge and cause pulmonary embolism. We report a successful surgical management of a patient who had large mobile right atrial thrombus, bilateral pulmonary thrombi, coronary artery disease, and postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture (VSR). The patient underwent coronary angiography, inferior vena cava filter placement, removal of thrombi from the right atrium and pulmonary arteries, repair of VSR, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a hybrid operating room.


Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are members of a gcne superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that includes GABA, rcccptors, glycine receptors, and SHT-3 serotonin receptors,'.2 but does not appear to include glutamate receptors3 AChRs arc the predominant excitatory receptors in the mammalian peripheral ncrvous system, whereas glutamate receptors arc the predominant excitatory receptors in the central nervous systcm. In the peripheral nervous system AChRs are critical for controlling skeletal muscles and consequently are the target of toxins such as snakc vcnom toxins like a-bungarotoxin (aBgt), and muscle AChRs arc the target of an antibody-mediated autoimmune response in myasthenia g r a v i ~ . ~ Although outnumbered by glutamate receptors in the vertebrate central nervous systcm, ncuronal AChRs are widespread. Their functional roles are not yct well known. They have been implicated in learning and memory. and their numbcr is decreased in Parkinson's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease.s Onc measure of their significance is that through nicotine they mediate the addiction to tobacco, which is prcdicted to cause a quarter of a billion premature deaths by thc turn of thc ccntury." The three branches of the AChR gene family' are (1) muscle AChRs, (2) neuronal AChRs that, unlikc those of muscle, do not bind aBgt, and (3) neuronal AChRs that do bind orBgt. All are ACh-gated cation channels formed probably from five subunits of usually two to four homologous types8.' These subunits arc thought to be organized like barrel staves around a central cation channel. The synthesis, structure, and function of muscle-type AChRs are known in relatively great detail, whereas thc more diverse structures, functional properties, and functional roles of neuronal AChRs are much less well cl~aracterized.~-~ The functional propcrties of various combinations of neuronal AChR subunits expressed in Xenopzis oocytes havc been better characterized than have the functional propcrtics of diverse ncuronal AChR subtypes in vivu, and the actual functional rolcs in the nervous system of many of the real and potential subtypes of neuronal AChRs remain to bc determined. I t is bccoming apparent that many neuronal AChRs are likely to havc functional roles that differ from the straightforward postsynaptic type of critical link in ncurotransmission exemplified by muscle AChRs. Wc attcmpt to review briefly the diversity of neuronal AChRs primarily from the pcrspective of what has been done in our laboratory. Muscle AChRs, which serve as an archetype for the genc family, are considered only briefly as a model for comparison with neuronal AChRs. Most emphasis is given to neuronal AChRs that bind aBgt, because they havc bccn the most recent focus of research attention in this field. Data are presented that comparc and contrast some of the properties of representatives of cach of the three branches of the AChR gene family as rcvcaled by expressing their cRNAs in Xenopu.7 oocytes.


The paper presents a summary of theories on the impact of health on economy and makes an empirical analysis of the impact from three aspects,viz.health and economic development,health and personal income,and health and economic growth.In light of economic development in the past and studies in recent years of the relationship between health human capital,personal income and economic development in micro and macro economics,the paper argues that health human capital has contributed to the rise of personal income by improving individual labor market performance and has directly promoted economic growth by constituting a form of investment.


This letter introduces a method for recognizing geometric constraints from human demonstrations using both position and force measurements. Our key idea is that position information alone is insufficient to determine that a constraint is active and reaction forces must also be considered to correctly distinguish constraints from movements that just happen to follow a particular geometric shape. Our techniques can detect multiple plane, arc, and line constraints in a single demonstration. Our method uses the principle of virtual work to determine reaction forces from force and position data. It fits geometric constraints locally and clusters these over the whole motion for global constraint recognition. Experimental evaluations compare our force and position constraint inference technique with a similar position-only technique and conclude that force measurements are essential in eliminating false positive detections of constraints in free space.


For parallel implementation of a digital signal processing algorithm, the solution of scheduling problems that consist of task partitioning and task allocation are important. This paper considers an ATC-VQ (Adaptive Transform Coding using Vector Quantization) algorithm because it is a typically used complex algorithm, and describes the basic study of the scheduling techniques used for implementation of this algorithm on a multicomputer-type DSP system.

With the ATC-VQ algorithm the scheduling methods for the LPC residual signal coding has a large effect on the overall performance, because this coding occupies more than 85 percent of the processing time. The LPC residual signals are divided first into multiple vectors and then vector quantized. Three scheduling methods are shown whose partition units quantize the LPC residual signal vectors, and the performance of each method is evaluated. Appropriate scheduling methods suitable to the ATC-VQ algorithm are discussed.


The present invention relates to a segmented mold for molding and curing a tire having a given diameter, comprising engagement to withstand internal pressure and to maintain the closed position without the assistance of additional housing member (1, 1 ') and the sections ( 2), wherein each section (2) having at its side edges includes a projection (26) extending radially inwardly, the projecting edge portion, said edge extending axially into a mold, and with respect to mold axis (XX ') of the angled frusto-conical surface (20), such that each of the frusto-conical surface portion extending in the meridional plane line intersects the radially inner portion of the segment under consideration, and wherein said housing (1, 1 ') is provided and includes a radially outwardly extending projection (16) has edges, the edges of the mold with respect to the axis XX' single frusto-conical surface inclined angle ( 10). Wherein the segmented mold, the mold comprising force limiting means to limit the force by the engaging means (11) and the recess (21), with the adapter (11) and recesses (21) are each provided each portion extends in a radially projecting portion (16, 26), and each having a bearing surface (12, 22), wherein said mold when the internal pressure exceeds a given threshold, the bearing surface intended to engage with each other .


Objective To observe the usability of closed vacuum suction apparatus(CVS-A) made by ourselves in post-operative local wound nursing for cases with laryngeal carcinoma undergone radical neck dissection. Methods Sixty-four cases with laryngeal carcinoma undergo ne radical neck dissection were randomly divided into 2 groups, with CVSA used for cases in group 1 (TG) and classic silicon vacuum suction bulb used for cases in group 2(CG). Then, wound healing status and local sequelae were compared between the two groups. Results The healing rate at stage 1 was significantly improved and the local complications were markedly reduced among the cases of TG,when compared with that in CG. Conclusions CVSA can fulfill the needs for drainage with high negative pressure in cases with laryngeal carcinoma undergone radical neck dissection. When it is used in combination with ideal nursing, post-operative local complications should be largely reduced.


This design uses Proteus software to design and simulate for the DC motor PWM speed regulator and get the main control of the motor. This article is designed primarily to achieve DC motor PWM governor of forward, reverse, speed up, slow down, stop and other operations. And it also includes simulation of the circuit and program design. To realize the microcomputer control system, the core part of the entire control circuit in the design is the use of 80C51. In order to achieve realistic and accurate measurement of motor parameters, it is equipped with all kinds of display module, drive module. The overall system is composed of the command module, the photoelectric isolation module and the H module. In the design, the pulse width modulation technique (PWM) is used to change the speed of the motor by changing the duty ratio of PWM. In the design of the overall framework, the integrated circuit module can simplify the hardware circuit, and improve the stability and reliability of the overall system, thereby improving overall system performance through the use of a large degree.


Central venous access devices are commonly utilized in cancer patients. These devices include central venous catheters, peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC line), Hickman catheter and totally implantable central venous devices of the port-a-cath type (chemoport). These devices can be retained for a long time and may be used for administration of chemotherapy, blood products, total parenteral nutrition and frequent blood sampling. Complications associated with chemoport include vascular injury, hemothorax, pneumothorax, local site infection, sepsis, catheter thrombosis, drug extravasation and mechanical malfunction. Spontaneous fragmentation of chemoport catheter is a rare complication. We report a case of spontaneous fragmentation of chemoport catheter from its midway and its migration into the lower lobar branch of left pulmonary artery. It was retrieved using percutaneous endovascular approach under fluoroscopic guidance.


Africa has realized the need to strengthen its research capacity to meet the demands for development and economic prosperity. However, this effort must take place under a heavy pressure for financial, highly qualified human and other resources. Governments on the continent devote quite significant parts of their budget in higher education; but most of it goes to teaching. Under these circumstances, research is left with small allocations or to funding from international donors. SIDA (Swedish International Development Authority) is one of such donors which has been involved in funding Addis Ababa and Dar-EsSalaam Universities in Ethiopia and Tanzania respectively. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of SIDA support in both universities in terms of research capacity building. A meta-analytical case study approach which used qualitative instruments was applied to collect data. Findings indicate that SIDA support in both institutions contributed to institutional capacity building in research and research training. Both institutions reported that productivity in research and the likelihood of the number of students graduating with research degrees as well as the number of graduate programs which enroll graduate students are expanding with SIDA support. Moreover, it was reported that Swedish support has helped to strengthen research management and infrastructure. The study also revealed that outstanding implementation issues obstructed the achievement of some of the anticipated outcomes of the agreements between SIDA and the universities. From these findings, it was implied that development aid makes contributions to solving problems faced by developing countries, but it is not a sufficient condition to bring total change.


An enzyme-amplified, two-site immunoassay utilizing electrochemical detection has been developed for thyrotropin. The lower detection limit of the assay (mean plus 2 standard deviations of the zero standard) is 0.046 ml. U/L, and the precision is good, giving a working range of 0.2 to 18.5 ml. U/L (determined as a percentage dose CV < 10). The assay of a 25 μL serum sample in an eight-well microtitre strip takes approximately 1 hour. The electrochemical detection is carried out in situ using a custom-built electrode array comprising eight graphite indicator electrodes and eight stainless-steel cathodes. This arrangement, together with a fast multiplexer, allows the quasisimultaneous measurement of eight samples. A good correlation between this method and a radioimmunometric assay (IRMA) procedure was obtained for the determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in patient samples. The relevant properties of a novel graphite material developed for this work are described.


The rice bean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi), a member of the leguminosae (Fabaceae) family, is an annual and self pollinated crop. It is a multipurpose and underutilized fodder legume.. It has an important role in human, animal and soil health improvement. It is a good source of protein, essential amino acids, essential fatty acids and minerals. The dried seeds make an excellent addition to cereal based diet. It is useful for livestock feeding. The vegetative parts can be feed fresh or made into hay. It is grown for green manure, as a cover crop and used as a living fence or biological barrier (Ecoport, 2014). Being a nitrogen fixing legume, it also improves the nitrogen status of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 12 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


10 Shoemaker WC. Prospective trial of supranormal values of survivors as therapeutic goals in high-risk surgical patients. Chest 1988; 1176– 86 11 Nordströ m J, Hä llsjö-Sander C, Shore R, Bjö rne H. Stroke volume optimization in elective bowel surgery: a comparison between pulse power wave analysis (LiDCOrapid) and oesophageal Doppler (CardioQ). Editor—We thank Dr Minhas and colleagues for their comments and interest in our findings. 1 As they correctly pointed out, we could not confirm the influence of goal-directed haemodynamic treatment (GDHT) on the length of hospital stay in contrast with previous findings on patients with hip fracture. In our study, an individualized multidisciplinary programme of standard care was applied in both groups and it is possible that this shadowed the effect of GDHT. Probably, the control group (routine treatment) in our population received better care compared with the control groups of the two previous trials. Our 'negative' finding on the length of hospital stay should not be interpreted that the GDHT is not effective. We just could not capture it by measuring the hospital stay. We would like to reiterate that in our trial the length of hospital stay was not a measure of primary outcome as, in our opinion, the length of hospital stay is a suboptimal measure, which is influenced by a large number of factors that are not related to medical fitness. Even if the medical fitness is used as a surrogate for length of hospital stay in some studies, the definition of medical fitness is vague. We agree that the choice of monitoring technology is important , especially if a GDHT protocol is used that is targeted by a set value of oxygen delivery index. Our aim was to choose a bedside monitor that is applicable in the clinical routine anaesthesia care of awake and even confused patients and which is possible to calibrate. Based on the available evidence when the trial was designed in 2008, the LiDCOplus had comparable accuracy and precision with the pulmonary artery (PA) catheter. In our opinion, it was an appropriate choice. Recalibration after spinal anaesthesia is not necessary according to the manufacturer, as spinal anaesthesia does not influence the capacitance of the aorta that is defined by the calibration. Of course this problem could have been addressed in a pilot study separately before we started the trial, but given the available evidence in 2008, the LiDCOplus monitor was …


This study using literature data,survey,video observation,mathematical statistics research methods,such as the center of the world's handball power players in the game use one hand to catch a shot made detailed technical statistics,and has made the thorough analysis of relevant technical indicators,obtained the conclusion as follows:single center players scoring gradually increase the proportion of hand ball after formation.Center one hand catch finishing attack area is increasing.In place against the cases, the defenders before body position or lateral positioning,stable and be able to pick up the air ball and rebound the ball shot,has become the basic characteristics of single hand to catch a shot.Center one hand catch finishing technology than both hands to catch a shot is faster and more damage for defenders.


In this paper, the charge calculation and construction method for demolition of three large scale underground pipe shaped culverts by water pressure blasting are introduced. The range of coefficient K in the impulse criterion formula and the effect of K value on blasting result are discussed. It can be used as a reference for similar projects and further research of K value.


Global positioning systems like GPS or GALLILEO will soon provide a very good timing accuracy, making possible the synchronization of nodes in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). With this assumption, TDMA based MAC protocols can provide a very good utilization of the shared radio resources. This paper presents an analytical model for the performance evaluation of slotted MAC protocols with reservation for MANETs. A fully connected network is assumed and nodes generate a ON/OFF exponential traffic. The analysis is based on the study of a discrete time Markov chain. The methodology is applied to a recently proposed protocol, called CROMA, but can also be applied, with suitable modifications to any slotted protocol with reservation.


AIM: To study the effect of dingzhixiaowan on the antistress effect and immune function in mice. METHODS: The effects of dingzhixiaowan on the production of hemolysin antibody in normal mice and the models made with cyclophosphamide were measured after the sensitization of sheep red blood cell. The effects of dingzhixiaowan on the delayed hypersensitivity inhabited by prednisolone after the sensitization of 2,4,6 trinitrochlorobenzene.The antistress effect of dingzhixiaowan was observed through the death duration of hypoxic tolerance under normal pressure,swimming duration under hypothermia and the breathing duration with open mouth after the head were cut down in mice. RESULTS:The hemolysin antibody level of the model mice of cyclophosphamide increased significantly in all the dingzhixiaowan groups, that in the 100 mg/kg group(209.7±65.1)was significantly different from that in the cyclophosphamide group(121.2±67.4)(P 0.05).Dingzhixiaowan could improve the delayed hypersensitivity inhabited by prednisolone in mice, that in the 200mg/kg group[(21.4±15.2)mg]was significantly higher than that in the prednisolone group [(8.5±5.2)mg](P 0.05). Dingzhixiaowan could also prolong the death duration of hypoxic tolerance under normal pressure, swimming duration under hypothermia and the breathing duration with open mouth after the head were cut down in mice. CONCLUSION:Dingzhixiaowan can enhance the humoral and cellular immunity of the animals with weaker immunological function, and improve the antistress ability.


: In order to improve the prediction accuracy of vehicle fuel consumption, this paper proposes a support vector machine model based on whale optimization algorithm for prediction. First, SPSS software is used to analyze the relationship between the influencing factors of fuel consumption. On this basis, the correlation between various influencing factors and fuel consumption is analyzed. Then, the whale optimization algorithm is used to optimize the penalty parameter C and the kernel parameter g in the support vector machine kernel function, and it is brought into the model for simulation. Taking the determination coefficient and mean square error as the evaluation indexes, the prediction results show that the model has high accuracy.


The absorption coefficients of aqueous potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution at 638.8 nm for various concentrations are determined using a simple experimental set up. The setup consists of He‐Ne laser source (Red, 638.8 nm, 10 mW), a glass jar in which the KMnO4 sample is taken, a mirror strip inclined at 45° to direct the laser beam towards the bottom of the glass jar, a traveling microscope to adjust the position of light dependent resistor (LDR) and a digital multimeter to measure the resistance.The absorption coefficients of aqueous potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution at 638.8 nm for various concentrations are determined using a simple experimental set up. The setup consists of He‐Ne laser source (Red, 638.8 nm, 10 mW), a glass jar in which the KMnO4 sample is taken, a mirror strip inclined at 45° to direct the laser beam towards the bottom of the glass jar, a traveling microscope to adjust the position of light dependent resistor (LDR) and a digital multimeter to measure the resistance.


The effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil on performance and gut health of broiler chickens was examined. Two hundred one-day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 4 treatments with 5 replicates of 10 birds each in a completely randomized design. Diet 1: basal diet without feed additives. Diet 2: basal + coccidiostat (0.06%), Diet 3: basal + 2.5% fish oil and Diet 4: basal + 5% fish oil. Performance indices were measured. On day 56, distal ileum of two birds per replicate were severed for gut morphological measurements and digesta samples were collected for protozoan load counts. About 5cm of the jejunum, ileum and caeca were excised for histological examinations. The results showed that dietary fish oil supplementation did not have significant effect on the performance of broiler chickens at the starter phase. However, there was a negative effect of the fish oil in the final weight and feed conversion ratio of birds at the finisher phase. Final weights of birds that received the basal diet (1736g/b) were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than those placed on 5% fish oil supplemented diet (1556.3g/b). Crypt depth and villus height of birds fed with 5% fish oil supplemented diet were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those on the other diets. Birds on the control diet had numerous coccidia while fewer coccidia were observed in birds fed coccidiostat, 2.5% and 5% fish oil diets. Photomicrographs of the jejunum, ileum and caeca of birds fed the basal diet showed numerous developing stages of coccidia in the degenerated enterocytes, loss of villi and cryptal degeneration. Those on coccidiostat diet showed fusion, atrophy of villi and necrosis of mucous cells. However, in birds fed 2.5% and 5% fish oil supplemented diets; mild expansion of lamina propria and normal mucosa with no observable lesions were recorded. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 2.5 or 5.0% fish oil resulted in adverse effect on broilers performance (body weight and FCR) accompanied with slight improvement of gut health.


Pearl Millet is highly valuable in semi arid regions because of higher productivity under heat and drought conditions. Pearl millet are nutritionally comparable and even superior to major cereals with respect to protein, energy, vitamins, and minerals. Dieticians and many health professionals recommended Pearl millet because of its various health benefits and good effect on the body.


For nearly 1000 years, lecture has been the most frequently used teaching strategy in higher education. Over the past 20 years, there has been increasing pressure to stop lecturing and instead use more active and engaged teaching strategies. An unfortunate result of the attack on the lecture is that faculty members have resisted being told to completely abandon lecturing. This has critically slowed the adoption of more contemporary evidence-based teaching strategies that would likely have advanced student learning beyond where it is today. This article includes four key challenges regarding the "active learning versus lecture" debate. Issues presented address a better understanding of what is meant by "the lecture," a better understanding of the empirical studies comparing active learning to lecturing, a challenge to the claim that students do not learn well from the lecture, and that the comparison of active learning to lecturing is not an appropriate comparison. The primary position of this paper is that the adoption of contemporary evidence-based strategies designed to advance student learning is much more likely to be accepted and adopted by faculty members if the "active learning versus lecture" position is reframed in favor of an integrated position of combining lecture strategies with more active and engaged learning strategies. This approach would also be more consistent with existing evidence on teaching for deep learning.


undergone by this charge transfer complex. Based on accurate X-ray structures at 105 and 15 K, topological analysis of both DFT and the experimental multipolar electron densities allowed detailed characterization of intra- and interstack intermolecular interaction s. Direct quantification of the intermolecular charge transfer and the dipole m oment are discussed. 15 20 grounds; it needs thorough investigations of interm olecular interactions (hydrogen bonds, van der Waals contacts, hydrophobicity, char ge transfer…) which is a very big challenge for both experimental and theoretical methods. This paper will concentrate on the characterization of intermolecul ar contacs and on the estimation of the molecular and atomic charges. Intermolecular interactions are usually 25 experimentally characterized by crystallographic or Raman-IR methods: conventional crystallography gives interatomic dist ances which should be compared to the sum of the so called "ionic" or "van der Waa ls" radii which are defined from statistical analysis of experimental interatomic di stances. IR or Raman methods correlate intermolecular interactions to the variat ion of typical phonon or molecular 30 group modes but the assumption are also empirical a nd only qualitative. Therefore one has to go a step further by modelling accuratel y the charge density in the intermolecular regions: this will give a direct est imation of the molecular charges. This can be achieved either by theoretical methods (Ab initio, DFT) or/and accurate high resolution crystallography.


Theory of natural physical cavities and its application references. Verification of the theory by application of in situ experiment. Experimental research of convective air flow through natural physical cavity of corridor type with year-round open circuit and with alternating air inlet and outlet modules. Specifics of convective air flow in natural cavity – new research results. Confrontation of the theory and experiment. Scientific polemic to the new research results.


The article deals with the activities of the local authority on metrology, located and functioning in Komi ASSR. The emphasis is made on studying of the activities directed at the state metrological supervision.


This paper studies the effect of organization structure on competition for human capital and competition in the product market, and develops a theory of firm organization structure where firms either choose to operate standalone under product market competition, or merge and reduce competition in the product market. The stand-alone structure implies both competition in the product market and competition for employee human capital. While product market competition is always detrimental for employee incentives and firm profits, competition for human capital may prove beneficial for firms since it improves employee incentives to innovate. The merger reduces both product market competition, and competition for employee human capital. Although the post-merger firm always benefits from lower competition in the product market, a lower level of competition for employee human capital may hurt firm profits, by weakening employee incentives to innovate. We show that, under certain conditions, mergers may be detrimental to innovation incentives, and hence, firms may prefer to operate stand-alone under product market competition. The positive effect of the stand-alone structure is more valuable in riskier industries which are at an earlier stage of development while its negative effect is more pronounced in mature industries at a late stage of development. Finally, we investigate the role of no-compete agreements on employee incentives to innovate, and identify the conditions under which no-compete agreements emerge endogenously within the context of an industry equilibrium.


Consider the following experiment: A fair coin is tossed 10, 000 times, where each toss is independent of all the tosses the precede it. Let X = X1X2 . . . X10,000 be the sequence of the sides that show in one run of this experiment, such that Xi ∈ {H,T} for 1 ≤ i ≤ 10, 000. One question of interest in this case is: what is p(X)? Notice that this experiment can be viewed as 10,000 independent Bernoulli trials with success probability 0.5. Making use of the independence assumption, we have


A section of Yesanguan tunnel on Shanghai~Chengdu highway passes through a super-huge karst collapse accumulation body.The construction technologies for the mentioned section of Yesanguan tunnel,including advance reinforcement,tunnel excavation and floor consolidation,are presented in the paper.Such countermeasures as long forepoling reinforcement assisted with pregrouting,top heading/bench excavation method,I-shaped steel ribs and floor grouting consolidation are taken during tunnel construction and good results have been achieved.


In the first part of this thesis, we introduce the concept of prospective strict no-arbitrage for discrete-time financial market models with proportional transaction. The prospective strict no-arbitrage condition, which is a variant of strict no-arbitrage, is slightly weaker than the robust no-arbitrage condition. It still implies that the set of portfolios attainable from zero initial endowment is closed in probability. Consequently, prospective strict no-arbitrage implies the existence of consistent prices, which may lie on the boundary of the bid-ask spread. A weak version of prospective strict no-arbitrage turns out to be equivalent to the existence of a consistent price system. In continuous-time financial market models with proportional transaction costs, efficient friction, i.e., nonvanishing transaction costs, is a standing assumption. Together with robust no free lunch with vanishing risk, it rules out strategies of infinite variation which usually appear in frictionless financial markets. In the second part of this thesis, we show how models with and without transaction costs can be unified. The bid and the ask price of a risky asset are given by cadlag processes which are locally bounded from below and may coincide at some points. In a first step, we show that if the bid-ask model satisfies no unbounded profit with bounded risk for simple long-only strategies, then there exists a semimartingale lying between the bid and the ask price process. In a second step, under the additional assumption that the zeros of the bid-ask spread are either starting points of an excursion away from zero or inner points from the right, we show that for every bounded predictable strategy specifying the amount of risky assets, the semimartingale can be used to construct the corresponding self-financing risk-free position in a consistent way. Finally, the set of most general strategies is introduced, which also provides a new view on the frictionless case.


The direct conversion of syngas into aromatics over bifunctional Fe/MnO-ZnZSM-5 ( n(SiO 2)/ n(Al 2O 3)=50) catalyst was investigated. Compared with Fe/MnO, Fe/MnO-ZnZSM-5 showed excellent catalytic performance in this reaction, CO conversion approached 98.1% and aromatics selectivity was as high as 53.1% under the conditions of V(CO)∶V(H 2)∶V(Ar)=3∶6∶1, SV= 1?600 h -1, p=1.1 MPa and T=543 K. The reaction temperature 543 K was suggested optimum. The aromatization activity increased with increasing Zn loading from 1.5% to 7.0%. After 60 h time-on-stream, the CO conversion decreased only by 0.5% under the original value, which demonstrated a good prospect for industrial application of this bifunctional catalyst.


Recently, a concept of time reversed lasing or coherent perfect absorber (CPA) has been proposed by A. D. Stone and co-workers, and was shortly experimentally demonstrated by them. The CPA system is illuminated coherently and monochromatically by the time reverse of the output of a lasing mode and the incident radiation is perfectly absorbed. Shortly afterwards, Stefano Longhi extended the idea to realize a CPA for colored incident light, and have theoretically shown that the time reversal of optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in a nonlinear medium could also realize a colored CPA for incident signal and idler fields which can be seemed as a kind of nonlinear CPA. Here we present the realization of such time-reversed processes in nonlinear optics regime, including time-reversed second harmonic generation (SHG) for coherent absorption at harmonic frequency of the pump and time-reversed optical parametric amplification (OPA) for coherent attenuation of colored travelling optical fields. Time reversed SHG is carried out at both phase matching and mismatching conditions, which shows parametric near perfect absorption at the harmonic frequency of the pump. The time reversal of OPA is demonstrated experimentally in a nonlinear medium to form a coherent absorber for perpendicularly polarized signal and idler travelling waves, realizing in the condition of OPA by a type II phase matching scheme. The absorption of signal/idler pair occurs at some specific phase difference. This is the first experimental demonstration of coherent absorption processes in nonlinear optics regime.


The demand for spectrum is growing rapidly as data intensive mobile communications and high-definition television are getting more popular. The spectrum regulators are preparing for flexible spectrum use and the implementation of new technologies. To make the appropriate decisions, the regulators need to identify and evaluate the different alternatives. In this paper, we examine a systematic classification of the spectrum access models that can be used together with suitable auctions in order to evaluate and decide between the different models. The basic idea of the taxonomy is to distinguish the different forms of spectrum sharing. For example, multiple systems may coexist in the same frequency band so that the low priority systems may transmit only if the high priority systems are not occupying the band. The hierarchy of the systems can be implemented by using a variety of technologies like centralized databases or distributed sensing devices. The taxonomy clarifies the regulatory alternatives and highlights the differences in ownership and usage rights. We also discuss how to incorporate the new spectrum access models in the auction design and how to support spectrum management using economic modeling and mechanism design framework.


Recent years witness remarkable progresses of scene classification task, mainly with deep convolutional neural network trained on large scale datasets like Place [7]. This short paper summarize our recent works toward improving the performance of large scale scene classification with deep networks [4, 5, 1]. These works include: 1) encoding locally-supervised convolutional features for scene representation, 2) weakly training patch-level CNNs to extract local discriminative descriptors, and 3) exploiting knowledge from extra networks to release label ambiguity problem of scene categories. We will describe the key insights, approaches and results of our works with analysis on the connection and difference among them. Our methods achieves the second place at the Places2 challenge in ILSVRC 2015, and the first place at the LSUN challenge in CVPR 2016. One question we try to answer with this paper is how scene classification is related to and different from object classification. We hope these investigation and analysis will inspire novel ideas toward the challenging problem of complex scene understanding.


In SARS COV-2 pandemic, the healthcare facilities are the most actively functioning setups which are the critical (microbiologically) areas. Due to these facilities patients were benefitted but during this time many health care providers suffered from nosocomial infection and many were complaining about the spread of nosocomial infection. Hospitals and healthcare facilities are easy place for contacting with infection, but the spread of infection should be stopped by taking proper disinfection measures.


The current research tackles a new philosophy of planning and control of resources and parts in the production process according to customization and small load size. Manufacturing systems designers by Quick Response Manufacturing (QRM) have devised a card that contains the characteristics of both the pulling and pushing system to find a solution to the flow of materials in a mechanism that achieves work in process reduction in addition to a high percentage reduction in lead time. The research also contains a follow up of the concept and mechanism of Polca with a reference to the ways of similarities and differences between them and the Kanban system, for the system also contains a case study of producing a new product according to Customization and small lot size within the framework of the Polca system procession logic. The research suggests an algorithm for issuing dispatching orders inside the cell to achieve an efficient flow between the two cells in the Polca loop. The results of research conforming that the polca card mechanisms achieve a powerful balance of materials follow through the product routing, in addition to the avoidance of accumulating the working process in front of cells. For that it has a good roll of reducing lead time. Quick Response Manufacturing QRM Agile Factory Mass Customization . QRM No-Value added . QRM POLCA HL/ MRP ) Suri, 1998, 8 ( . Pull System . QRM POLCA .


Hypertension is the most common comorbid in patients infected by COVID-19. Drugs often given for the treatment of hypertension, namely ramipril, and candesartan, are thought to increase the development of COVID-19 because the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) increase the expression of ACE-2, which is the binding site of SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to analyze the effect of using ramipril and candesartan on healing in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with hypertension at RSUD dr. Moewardi in 2020. This study was conducted retrospectively. The results were presented descriptively and used medical record data of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension at RSUD dr. Moewardi in 2020. Using ramipril and candesartan affects patient recovery in terms of length of stay (LOS), symptom relief, and RT-PCR test results. Analysis of the research data using SPSS with Spearman correlation test. The Spearman correlation test showed that there was a fairly strong relationship between the use of ramipril and candesartan in patients with COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension on LOS, symptom relief, and RT-PCR test results. The study results show that using ramipril and candesartan can improve the recovery of patients with COVID-19 with comorbid hypertension. ACEI and ARB drugs have not been proven to worsen the patient's condition so their use can be continued.


In modern clinical practice, thyroid incidentaloma is an unpalpated node in the thyroid gland, which is detected accidentally by technical means of imaging when examining a patient for other, non-thyroid diseases. Its dimensions are limited to 10 mm, the limit above which it can already be palpated by a qualified professional. In the author's view, such a definition narrows the concept of incidentaloma, primarily from a nosological point of view. Under the definition of the node can be micro- or macrofollicular nodular goiter, tumor, benign (adenoma) or malignant (carcinoma), the focus of thyroiditis, cyst, inflammatory focus (infiltrate, abscess), calcifications. When enumerating the methods of detection by incidental, the palpation method is excluded and the nodes in the thyroid gland detected with its help are not only up to 10 mm in size but also larger, which should also be called incidental. The same can be said about the nodes that are accidentally found on the neck during operations for diseases of the trachea, cervical esophagus, salivary glands. Speaking of incidentalomas, which are detected at autopsy, it should be noted that some of them are larger than 10 mm. All these positions do not fit into the definition of thyroid incidentaloma only as an unpalpated node in the thyroid gland up to 10 mm, which is determined by instrumental imaging methods. Therefore, the concept of thyroid incidentaloma is broader and more capacious than formulated by its modern definition. Incidental thyroid disease should be considered any additional formation in it, regardless of its size, detected by any non-target method of research. Unpalpated and, as a rule, clinically "dumb" nodes up to 10 mm, determined by instrumental methods, can be considered as one of the subspecies of the incidentaloma. The frequency of their detection has increased sharply in recent years, some are malignant neoplasms with an unpredictable course, tactical approaches to them have not been finalized.


A real-time adaptive signal control system, named COSMOS, generated signal control parameters automatically using collected information from loop detectors. Therefore, the reliability of loop detector information can affect the operational effectiveness of the signal control system. In this paper, a set of practical loop detector installation guidelines was developed through extensive field experiments. Results indicated that a laying depth of 12 cm provided good performance regardless of detector types tested. In addition, a laying depth less than 9 cm should not be selected in practice. The limit lengths of feeder cable were determined as 1,000 m for octagon loop detector and 900 m for circle loop detector, respectively. It was also recommended that the number of soldering should be less than 6 times when the feeder cable length was below 600 m, and 4 times when the length was in a range between 600 m and 1,000 m.


Mass spectra of LaxC2n (x = 1,2), well known endohedral metallofullerenes, and Lu2C2n (2n = 76-112), new members of extractable metallofullerenes, were studied. Positive-ion laser desorption/ionization (LDI) and electron impact (EI) mass spectra indicated that lutetium is a special lanthanide that prefers to form dilutetium fullerenes by the are-burning method. However, the signals for Lu2C2n become very weak in negative-ion LDI-MS, this is different from La-2@C-80, which has close relative abundances in positive- and negative-ion MS. The distinction between Lu2C2n and La-2@C-80 in the negative-ion LDI mass spectra may be due to the different structures of La- and Lu-containing fullerenes. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An enzyme N- acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase, at its N-terminal side comprising a short peptide consisting of acidic amino acids 4 to 15 attached thereto, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the fusion proteins and this things, and Morquio disease type a treatment method using the fusion protein is disclosed. The fusion protein is different from the native enzyme proteins, in addition to showing a high transferability to the bone tissue, exhibit high improved stability in blood.


Static and dynamic light scattering is a powerful technique for the sizing of nanoparticles and characterization of their properties in the liquid phase. Static light scattering provides the concentration or molar mass of particles from the time-averaged scattered light intensity, whereas dynamic light scattering gives their diffusion constant from the auto-correlation function of the scattering field. Static light scattering also provides the radius of gyration of the particles, and the dynamic light scattering gives their hydrodynamic radius from the Stokes-Einstein relationship of Brownian motion. The radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius are different measurands from each other, and they show particular mean sizes from different averaging calculations according to the particle size distributions. However, the precision of these technique remains unclear, and therefore, in the current work, the precision of the scattering techniques for sizing polystyrene latex suspensions and the uncertainty of the data are estimated. The apparent diffusion coefficients obtained at various angles and concentrations showed properties characteristic of polystyrene latex particles with electrostatic interactions. A simulation was used to calculate a dynamic structure factor representing the long-range interactions between particles. Here, an additional application of static and dynamic light scattering for fine bubbles in water is described. The preparation of nanoscale fine bubbles in water is an innovative technology, but no precise method for simultaneously measuring the size and concentration of such bubbles had previously been developed. We have developed a method for simultaneously determining the size and concentration of fine bubbles in water by a light-scattering technique.


Acanthospermum hispidum is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of acute tuberculosis, typhoid, jaundice, diarrhoea, cough, dysentery and pneumonia, uncomplicated malaria and other parasitic infections. A. hispidum has been used widely in traditional medicine for years by Nigerians but with fewer records of the antioxidant activities of its aerial part. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of three solvent extracts of the aerial part of the plant. In this study the aerial part of A. hispidum was extracted with three different solvents (petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol) and were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activities. Four methods were used for the evaluation: the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA), Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) and reducing power methods and also the direct measurement of DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among the three extracts, the acetone extract had the utmost antioxidant activity as revealed by reducing power assay, greater free radical scavenging activity as shown by the DPPH, and also higher antioxidant activity as indicated by the TBA method.The current study clearly reveals the prospective antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging properties of A. hispidum extracts. This may be as a result of the numerous functional compounds present in the aerial part as shown which may be an important source of natural antioxidant, and might be supportive in checking the progress of several oxidative stresses.
Acanthospermum hispidum is used ethnomedicinally for the treatment of acute tuberculosis, typhoid, jaundice, diarrhoea, cough, dysentery and pneumonia, uncomplicated malaria and other parasitic infections. A. hispidum has been used widely in traditional medicine for years by Nigerians but with fewer records of the antioxidant activities of its aerial part. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of three solvent extracts of the aerial part of the plant. In this study the aerial part of A. hispidum was extracted with three different solvents (petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol) and were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activities. Four methods were used for the evaluation: the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA), Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) and reducing power methods and also the direct measurement of DPPH radical scavenging activity. Among the three extracts, the acetone extract had the utmost antioxidant activity as revealed by reducing power assay, greater free radical scavenging activity as shown by the DPPH, and also higher antioxidant activity as indicated by the TBA method.The current study clearly reveals the prospective antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging properties of A. hispidum extracts. This may be as a result of the numerous functional compounds present in the aerial part as shown which may be an important source of natural antioxidant, and might be supportive in checking the progress of several oxidative stresses.


Halogen exchange of alkyl bromide (R–Br) with sodium iodide (NaI) was used for the transformation of R–Br to alkyl iodide (R–I) in situ in organocatalyzed living radical polymerization (LRP). R–Br was employed as a starting compound (precursor), and the R–I formed in situ was employed as an initiating dormant species for the polymerization. The efficiency of the transformation significantly depends on the R group of R–Br. By the rational selection of the R group and reaction temperature along with the use of tetrabutylammonium iodide (Bu4NI) as a catalyst, low-polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.1–1.4) polymers were obtained with high conversions (e.g., 70–90%) in reasonably short periods of time (typically 3–10 h) in the polymerizations of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, styrene, acrylonitrile, and functional methacrylates. Well-defined diblock and triblock copolymers and a chain-end functional polymer were also obtained. R–Br is generally much more stable than R–I upon storage. Various R–Br are commercially ...


In Union Eagle Ltd v Golden Achievement Ltd the Hong Kong Court of Appeal and the Privy Council held that a purchaser of land late with payment by a few minutes did not qualify for the court's equitable jurisdiction to intervene on his behalf to save the transaction. In doing so the courts rejected the purchaser's argument in support of a broader equitable jurisdiction to intervene on the basis of unconscionability. The author considers the Union Eagle decision in light of the more recent decision of the Hong Kong Court of First Instance in Speedy Rich (Asia) Limited v Leung Pui Shu and Ho Yuen Yeuk, in which the court exercised its equitable jurisdiction to grant relief to a late-paying purchaser. The author argues for the introduction in Hong Kong of legislation similar to section 49 (2) of the English Law of Property Act 1925, which grants a broad power to the court in circumstances where it refuses to grant specific performance, to order a return of the deposit.


The paper is based on a course given in 2007 at an ICTP school in Alexandria, Egypt. It aims at introducing young scientists to methods to calculate asymptotic developments of singular integrals.


Earlier scholars observed international R&D networks at intra-firm level around 2000s. Afterwards, there is rather limited research on this topic while practitioners with global integrated R&D network began expanding global R&D activities again. Such practices fail to be predicted by previous theories, which necessitate a revisit to international R&D network theory. In this paper, we systematically revisit three European companies that have been studied previously for case study. Our revisit revealed two different but new dimensions to differentiate roles of R&D units. With both dimensions, we further typologised three generic global integrated R&D network to forward theoretical understanding on international R&D networks. From structural contingency perspective, our finding suggests a more general contingency, international interdependency of R&D that is critical to shape the global R&D structure. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.


Determining the gas constant R by measuring the properties of hydrogen gas collected in a gas buret is well suited for comparing two approaches to uncertainty analysis using a single data set. The brevity of the experiment permits multiple determinations, allowing for statistical evaluation of the standard uncertainty uR within a laboratory period, while calculating R from the several measured quantities (pressure, volume, etc.) invokes a number of different methods of estimating the individual uncertainties involved in the calculation of the combined standard uncertainty uc(R). The two uncertainties, as obtained by several classes of upper-level college students, are typically within a factor of two or three. In the course of the data analysis, students interpret a q-q plot, identify outliers using Dixon's test, and apply the F test to the ratio of the two variances. Thus, the experiment gives students experience with a variety of methods for evaluating data they have gathered themselves. The Supporting ...


Over the past several months, many conversations about the sixties have once again appeared in our press. For a certain segment of the authorsmostly those from the generation of the so-called forty-year-olds-this unfamiliar time is like a thorn in the flesh, like some sort of continual irritant. It either angers them or shames them. It evidently nourishes in them a certain inferiority complex; otherwise it is difficult to explain where their unappeasable, morbid need to uncrown "the fathers" comes from. There is something infantile in it, a kind of protracted immaturity. It makes you want to say: Calm down, dear children, attend to yourselves, to the day at hand, and to your personal responsibility for the future. After all, shilling the responsibility to the older generation will not make things any easier for you or for your children.


The response time for solution scheduling problem is a import criteria of consider in real manufacturing systems where large-scale scenarios must be evaluated since as unexpected events arise. This work describes a proposed modeling and analyses for the production reactive scheduling problem in a job shop system. The scheduling problem, generally, consists in allocate the production operations with the aim of minimizing the makespan. For that, it was employed an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm applied in a matrix of the feasible solution space problem representation. In the case of a reactive system, the approach should provide good solutions in a short execution time, allowing the analysis of large scenarios in habile times. The results of this paper were compared with the results of other approaches in small and large scenarios.


With the continuous changes of market environment and the increasingly fierce competition in the freight transportation,the development of railway freight industry to modern logistics service enterprise has become an inevitable trend.Based on the SWOT analysis method,SWOT model about railway freight logistics has be built,analysing strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of the railway freight logistics;and through the example analysis,the conclusion is drawn that the railway freight logistics development in our country should adopt the exploiting strategy,as it is under the condition of opportunity.This can provide the reference for the relevant department to reform the railway freight transportation system.


Hence, we theoretically demonstrate the XPD profiles of simple molecules during photochemical reactions, which are controlled by the excitation processes with the optical laser pulses. Under the assumption that a valence electron in the ground state is excited to an excited state, we numerically integrate the timedependent Schrödinger equation of such excitation process within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation [2]. Then, we calculate the static XPD amplitude at a certain molecular geometry on the basis of a multiple-scattering XPD theory [3]. Under the assumption that the nuclei are frozen during the probe pulse, the time-resolved XPD profiles with the ultrafast XFEL pulses are obtained as the convolution of the static XPD profiles weighted by the nuclear wave packet over the molecular geometry. The XPD simulations based on such nuclear wave packet calculations are observed to exhibit characteristic features, which are compared with the XPD profiles due to classical trajectories of nuclear motions.


Several enhancements were recently made to the Haleakala polarimeter. Linear array detectors provide simultaneous resolution over a 3-A wavelength range, with spectral resolution of 40 mA. Optical fibers are now used to carry the intensity-modulated light from the rotating quarter-wave plate polarimeter to the echelle spectrometer, permitting its removal from the spar to a more stable environment. These changes, together with improved quarter-wave plates, reduced systematic errors to a few parts in 10,000 for routine observations. Examples of Stokes profiles and derived magnetic field maps are presented.


PURPOSE: An ICI(Inter-Cell Interference) relaxation method and an ICI relaxation reception apparatus using the same in a MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output antenna)-OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system without a complex decomposition method are provided to reduce the error of SCM estimation by a spectral leakage. CONSTITUTION: A channel estimation unit(1113) performs channel estimation by using an RS(Reference Symbol) signal. The channel estimation unit outputs a channel estimation result. An SCM estimation unit(1120) estimates the SCM by using a channel estimation result outputted from the channel estimation unit. A data symbol demodulating unit(1130) demodulates a data symbol by using the SCM estimated from the SCM estimation unit.


The biogeochemical processes were identified which improved the leachate composition in the flow direction of a landfill leachate plume (Banisveld, the Netherlands). Groundwater observation wells were placed at specific locations after delineating the leachate plume using geophysical tests to map subsurface conductivity. Redox processes were determined using the distribution of solid and soluble redox species, hydrogen concentrations, concentrations of dissolved gases (N2, Ar, CH4), and stable isotopes (δ15N-NO−3 , δ S-SO 4 , δ C-CH4, δHCH4 and δC of dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, DIC)). The combined application of these techniques improved the redox interpretation considerably. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) decreased downstream in association with increasing δC-DOC values confirming occurrence of degradation. Degradation of DOC was coupled to iron reduction inside the plume, while denitrification could be an important redox process at the top fringe of the plume. Stable carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of methane indicated that methane was formed inside the landfill and not in the plume. Total gas pressure exceeded hydrostatic pressure in the plume, and methane seems subject to degassing. Quantitative proof for DOC degradation under iron-reducing conditions could only be obtained if the geochemical processes cation-exchange and precipitation of carbonate minerals (siderite and calcite) were considered and incorporated in an inverse geochemical model of the plume. Simulation of δC-DIC confirmed that precipitation of carbonate minerals happened. Published as: Van Breukelen, B.M., Röling, W.F.M., Groen, J., Griffioen, J., Van Verseveld, H.W. Biogeochemistry and isotope geochemistry of a landfill leachate plume. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology (in press).


Background: High-energy fractures of posterior tibial plateau always need surgical treatment. Generally, posterior fragments of these fractures could not be exposed and reduced well in conventional anterior approaches. Although a posterolateral/posteromedial approach to manage posterior tibial plateau fractures can achieve satisfactory results, there are few presentations concerning the treatment of these high-energy injuries based on posterior approaches combined with anterior approach if necessary. Materials and Methods: Ten cases of posterior tibial plateau fractures from high-energy injuries were retrospectively reviewed and followed up for mean 26.5 months (range 14–45 months). A posterolateral/posteromedial approach was adopted primarily to fx main fragment in posterior tibial plateau, and intraoperative assessment of the stability of knee was done. An anterior approach was added if required. Results: Posterolateral approach was employed in seven cases, posteromedial in three, and additional anteromedial in three, and anterolateral in two cases. The average time to union of all 10 fractures was 3.7 months (range 3–5.5 months). Nine patients had satisfactory articular reduction. The range of motion of the knee averaged 2° of extension to 110.5° of fexion. No patient complained of knee instability. The average postoperative HSS score at the final followup was 92.70. Conclusions: High-energy fractures of posterior tibial plateau could be well treated based on posterior approaches combined with necessary anterior approach if required.


A rhenium–pyrene catalyst that dramatically promotes sunlight-induced CO2RR efficiency was developed by enhancing intermolecular electron transfer efficiency and visible light-harvesting ability.


A reasonably accurate estimate of the relative physiological value of natural and of synthetic ar-tocopherols is needed by the clinician, the pharmaceutical industry, and the experimental nutritionist to facilitate their use of vitamin E in a more quantitative manner. At present there is preliminary information available for two species of animals. It was tentatively established (1) in 1944 that for rats natural d, cr-tocopherol possessed 50 per cent more potency than synthetic dl ,a-tocopherol, with resorption during gestation as a criterion. In 1947 Hove and Harris reported (2) that for rabbits natural a-tocopherol was 22 per cent more active than the synthetic racemic form, based on effectiveness in curing muscle dystrophy. It is now possible to reevaluate the relative potency of dand of dl, crtocopherol in the rat, based on the results of numerous bioassays in this laboratory since 1944, by means of an improved assay procedure (3). From these data a new value of 1.36, for the ratio of the potency of natural tocopherol to the potency of synthetic tocopherol, has been obtained.


In this study, the effect of the number of neurons on the predictive performance of artificial neural networks (ANN) has been investigated using experimental data. For this purpose, 6 different ANN have been developed by using a total of 60 experimental data of ZrO2/water nanofluid obtained from the literature. In ANN developed with the number of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 neurons, all other parameters have been kept constant, and the effect of only the number of neurons on the prediction performance has been investigated. The performance of each ANN has been calculated separately and then their performance has been analyzed by comparing them with each other. As a consequence of the study, it has been seen that the model with the most ideal predictive performance has been developed with 5 neurons with an average error rate of 0.001%, and the highest margin of error the model has been developed with 15 neurons and had an error rate of 0.026%. In the light of the obtained data, it has been concluded that ANN are generally high performance predictive tools, and it is not possible to reach a standard correlation to regulate the number of neurons to be used in the optimization of ANN.


Dating from 1702, this dramatic choral setting (SATB with instrumental accompaniment) of the story of Solomon's Judgment is one of the composer's mature works.


In recent years, the use of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) is gaining ground especially on its use as disinfectant or antiseptic. The application of SNPs in the manufacture of medical devices and products is attributed to its high antibacterial efficacy. But while most of the studies on SNPs focus on its direct effect on bacteria, investigations have not been done on the effect of SNPs on mammalian innate immune molecules that possess bacterial killing capacity. Thus, in this report, we determined whether SNPs could affect naturally occurring antimicrobial molecules. We used here a silver nanoparticle, termed S (Atomyball S®), which has a size of 5 nanometers (nm), and treated it to lung epithelial cell lines A549 and Calu-3. A low concentration of nanoparticle S (5 μg/ml) did not induce cell toxicity as determined by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Interestingly, we observed that S increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of the antimicrobial peptide lysozyme, which is considered as one of the most important host immune defense molecules in human epithelial tissues. Quantification of the secreted lysozyme in the apical surface fluid obtained from air-liquid interface cultures of Calu-3 cells also revealed a significant increase of lysozyme in cells treated with nanoparticle S. Although the mechanism of its action on lysozyme is yet to be elucidated, these findings firstly suggest that the silver nanoparticle S (Atomyball S®) positively regulated the expression of antimicrobial peptide lysozyme in mammalian cells.


Gender inequality is often cited as a barrier to improving women's sexual and reproductive health outcomes, including contraceptive use. Indonesia is ranked at 85th place out of the 153 countries in Global Gender Gap Report 2020, which indicates gender inequality. Although positive increases in women's participation in the economy, health and education have been shown since 2014. Keeping in view this fact, we investigated the impact of women's decision-making autonomy on contraceptive use among married women age 15–49 years in Indonesia. Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2014 data has been used for analysis by ordered logistic regression. Women's participation in making four household decisions: food purchases, household purchases; freedom to visit family and relatives and contraceptive use have been used as women's decision-making autonomy. The results indicated that women's decision-making autonomy has been positively associated with contraceptive use. Women's age, job status, education level, number of children, domicile status, internet access, and household wealth status also been found statistically significantly associated with contraceptive use. The current study suggests integrating the interventions for women's decision-making autonomy into family planning programs.


: Background: Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid is a screening method for cervical cancer in Indonesia that is completed with photographs, or DoVIA. This photograph (DoVIA) can be discussed with the expert team in the media called TeleDoVIA. Objective: To assess the eligibility of TeleDoVIA as a medium for longdistance communication and medical consultation among medical practitioners who conduct VIA and oncology consultants. Methods: The sample was medical practitioners who sent cervical photographs to TeleDoVIA from between January 2019 and August 2019. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 96 medical practitioners with 191 cervical photographs were obtained. Results: The medical practitioners were distributed from the westernmost and easternmost parts of Indonesia (Banda Aceh and Fakfak). 70.8% of the medical practitioners were midwives, 92.7% work in Primary Health Care and were trained after 2016. Nearly all those involved (98.9%) were satisfied with the explanation given by the expert team on TeleDoVIA. Approximately 89% of documentations received were sharp pictures. The interpretation of VIA among medical practitioners compared to the expert team were similar, with an accuracy rate of up to 88.5%. Conclusion: TeleDoVIA can be considered as an effective communication and consultation medium to discuss the results of VIA.


Using cluster analysis, patterns of diurnal cycles were calculated based on hourly values of temperature, cloud cover, sunshine frequency, vapour pressure and relative humidity at Potsdam Station for the period June to August 1893–2000. It was shown that the large-scale climate variations of the last century are reflected in the temporal behaviour in some of these patterns. These temporal changes occur in a highly differentiated manner over the day. Additionally, relationships between the investigated parameters and precipitation and also the appearance of extremes were considered.


In this paper,a fuzzy neural identification method based on C-means is proposed for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC),and then a generalized predictive controller is designed to achieve the PEMFC load response.Simulation results show that the proposed method is characterized by better performance in disturbance rejection and set-point tracking when compared with an integrated time and absolute error(ITAE)-based proportional-integral-derivative(PID) and linear-quadratic-Gaussian(LQG) controller.


Removal of metals from mine drainage involves a host of chemical and biological processes including oxidation and hydrolysis rea ctions. The rate o f reactions is dependent on mine water pH, prese nce of bac terial cat alysts, and the availability of oxygen. Oxygen availability becomes particularly important in treatment systems using aerobic processes such as settl ing ponds and wetlands. Although oxygen is readily available in the atmosphere, encouraging the transfer of oxygen to mine water can be a challenge. Applicability of the various methods to increase oxygen levels in mine water is dependent on mine water chemistry and the availability of treatment area, hy draulic h ead, and power. I nnovative aer ation techniques have been developed which use wind, water, and electricity as power. The suitability of techniques must be evaluated on a site-by-site basis. Wind energy has been harnessed using windmill aeration techniques at t he Sagamore site in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. Water energy has been utilized through manipula- tion of available hydraulic head to improve aeration as demonstrated at the Kolb site in Indiana County, Pennsylvania. In cases where adequate aer ation cannot be accomplished by passive methods, such as the Kem pton site in G arrett Co unty, Maryland, active mechanical aeration using electric power may be a cost-effective alternative.


A set-theoretic framework is proposed for granular computing. Each element of a universe is associated with a nonempty family of neighborhoods. A neighborhood of an element consists of those elements that are drawn towards that element by indistinguishability, similarity, proximity, or functionality. It is a granule containing the element. A neighborhood system is a family of granules, which is the available information or knowledge for granular computing. Operations on neighborhood systems, such as complement, intersection, and union, are defined by extending set-theoretic operations. They provide a basis of the proposed framework of granular computing. Using this framework, we examine the notions of rough sets and qualitative fuzzy sets.


The harmonic force constants, vibrational frequencies and integrated intensity ratios of CH2, H2O, CH2O, C2H2, CO2, HCN, CH3, CH4, and C2H4 have been calculated using the MINDO—FORCES program and the Pulay method for the calculation of the molecular force constants. The results obtained are in general quite satisfactory when compared with available literature values. The results are, however, not as satisfactory in case of molecules containing heteroatoms, due to the neglect of some dipolar repulsion integrals for the heteroatoms by the MINDO/3 method. Calculated integrated intensities for CH3 and C2H4 agree well with experimental results. The calculated integrated intensities for other molecules are obtained for the first time and no comparison with published data is therefore possible.


Abstract A simple instability condition based on the Ziegler's continuum principles as applied to large plastic flow, is extended for delineating the regions of unstable metal flow during hot deformation of Nimonic AP-1 superalloy. The optimum hot working conditions for this material are suggested.


The semiconductor laboratory of the Max-Planck-Institutes for physics and for extraterrestrial physics develops and fabricates silicon sensors for scientific experiments in astronomy and highenergy physics, as well as for industrial applications. Among them are state-of-the-art detectors for X-ray imaging and spectroscopy. Their common features are the integration of the readout electronics on the detector chip and a fully depleted bulk with a non-structured thin entrance window, guaranteeing excellent energy resolution and high quantum efficiency over a wide energy range. Fully depleted and backside illuminated Charge Coupled Devices (pn-CCDs) have been developed and are operated successfully as focal plane detector of the XMM-Newton satellite. They have a sensitive area of 6 x 6 cm≤ with a pixel size of 150 x 150 µm≤, an equivalent noise charge of 4 el. rms. operating at 150 K, and an ultra-fast full frame readout time of 4.5 msec. The integrated detector-preamplifier structure DEPFET (DEpleted P-channel Field Effect Transistor) is the basic element of an Active Pixel Sensor (APS) with random accessible pixels, flexible readout modes, and the potential for repetitive non-destructive readout with subelectron resolution. Spectroscopy measurements of single DEPFET structures demonstrate an unequalled electronic noise of 2.2 el. rms at room temperature.


Introduction: Smith's oikeiosis Part I. The Circle of the Self: 1. Conflicted self 2. Sympathetic self Part II. The Circle of Society: 3. Discipline and the socialized conscience 4. Perfectionism and social order Part III. The Circle of Humanity: 5. Sympathy in space: Section 1. Physical Immediacy Section 2. Affective 'Connexion' Section 3. Historical Familiarity 6. The commercial cosmopolis 7. Negative justice Conclusion: Cultural pluralism, moral goods, and the 'laws of nations'.


This research aims to examine whether there is a simultaneous effect of macroeconomic factors and how they influence the movement of inflation and exchange rates. exchange rate affects inflation through the theory of Exchange Rate Pass-Through Effect. The variables studied and suspected of influencing inflation are interest rates, money supply, exports, imports, government spending, unemployment, and exchange rates. While the variables studied and suspected of influencing the exchange rate are the difference in interest rates between domestic and foreign interest rates, trade balance, public debt, inflation and exchange rates MYR/USD, THB/USD, PHP/USD, SGD/USD. The research period is from 2004-2017. The research method used is the Two-Staged Least Square model. The results found that there was no simultaneity between inflation and the exchange rate after adding the control variable. Significant factors that partially affect inflation are exports, imports, government spending, unemployment, and the rupiah exchange rate. Meanwhile, interest rates and money supply partially have no significant effect. In terms of the IDR exchange rate, significant factors that partially affect IDR are the difference in interest rates between Indonesia and the US, government debt, trade balance, MYR, THB, and SGD. Meanwhile, PHP and inflation have no significant effect on the IDR.


The invention provides an oil-in-water type emulsion composition having excellent storage stability which is free from the occurrence of sickening or solidification during storage without the restriction by the compounding thereof. An oil-in-water type emulsion composition and a method for producing the composition are provided, wherein the oil-in-water type emulsion composition comprises an oil phase component containing a higher alcohol having 12 to 30 carbon atoms and hydrophilic inorganic fine particles sparingly soluble in water, wherein fine particles of the oil phase component are dispersed in a state in which they are covered by the above hydrophilic inorganic fine particles.


The invention relates to a technique for intensively treating and comprehensively utilizing artesian well castoff, thus solving the problems of treatment and utilization of a great deal of artesian well castoff when the number of artesian wells in the oil-gas fields is large and overcoming the shortcomings that expense of well governance is high, pollution is scattered, and the supporting facilities are not complete, besides, the invention has the advantages that the amount of treatment is large, scale production is feasible, governance cost of the system is lowered, the pollution problem of artesian well castoff can be solved quickly and entirely, and the actual demand of artesian well production and environmental protection can be satisfied; by separating oil and settling sand, natural even adjustment and storage, breaking stability and lowering stickiness, separating solid and liquid, adding medicine in filtrated liquid, flotation, coagulation, sedimentation, oxidation and filtration, water desalting after filtration, separating sand bits and washing and desalting, the artesian well castoff is classified, treated and utilized, the oil stain is recycled, the sand bits are washed for utilization, the sludge is pressed into cake-bricks for utilization, the purified water after being treated is reinjected into the stratum, or is discharged after reaching the mark, or is desalted for reaching the mark of agricultural irrigated water; and the technique is applied to constructing concentrated treatment stations of artesian well castoff.


Since the latter half of 1979 Guangzhou has adopted "special policies" and "flexible measures" in the drive to open the door to the outside world. There are dynamic economic activities going on with foreign countries. They include obtaining foreign investment, processing imported material, making products according to foreign patterns and specifications, and conducting compensation trade. There is also increasing exchange with foreign countries in the fields of culture, science, and technology. Foreign trade and tourism are brisk. The achievements are obvious to all and are affirmed by all quarters in society. Due to influence from outside, however, some changes have taken place in the field of ideology and culture1 and also in social life. In regard to this, opinions vary and no unanimous conclusion can be drawn. Realistically evaluating changes in the social life of Guangzhou after the open door policy and correctly understanding and dealing with the influence of foreign ideology and culture have a bear...


An attempt will be made to give an overview of the main areas of actual interest with respect to recent progress and to future prospects in the respective fields. In this connection the following areas are treated : The kind of material and the initial thermodynamical unstable state ; the basic processes during heating up of a sample : recovery, nucleation, grain boundary migration ; the end product, which is the result of an interaction of the basic processes. From these different areas attention is turned to the topic of kinetics, focussing particularly on what we can learn about recrystallization- and recovery-kinetics in metals as a result of modern calorimetric investigation.


New layered cathode materials, Li0.9Ni0.45Ti0.55O2, were synthesized by means of ion-exchange from Na0.9Ni0.45Ti0.55O2. The degree of cation disordering in the material depends critically on the synthesis conditions. Longer times and higher temperatures in the ion-exchange process induced more cation disordering. However, the partially disordered phase showed better capacity retention than the least disordered phase. First principles calculations indicated this could be attributed to the migration of Ti into the Li layer during the electrochemical testing, which seems to depend sensitively on the Ni-Ti configuration in the transition metal layer. The poor conductivity of this material could also be the reason for its low specific capacity according to the Density of States (DOS) obtained from first principles calculations indicating that only Ni participates in the electronic conductivity.


Slovenia is among the water-richest countries in Europe. Through our territory runns quite a few rivers on which we have successfully built a hydroelectric power plants to generate electricity. Already in the 80 - s, our experts were increasingly concerned by the increase in renewable electricity in that way. River Sava was preferred in the lower reaches, flowing through Brežice to Croatia. It was suggested to build hydro chain, which includes construction of hydroelectric power plants: Bostanj, Blanca, Brežice and Mokrice. The first two are already built and in operation, the last in the chain is expected at the end of 2015.
This graduation thesis focuses on laws that are essentials for the construction of hydroelectric power plant and are strongly associated with the surveying profession (the geodetic construction plan for the design, surveying network, control measurements and registration in official records). The content of regulations and laws, is logically related to the building hydroelectric power plant Blanca. Surveyors have been through the entire process of building an indispensable part, without which the construction was not possible.
Surveyor is the first presence on the ground and draw a surveying plan, which helps the designer on the project. Later, his duties have increased and include: regular transfers from the project into the nature, control measurements of compliance of construction with the project, calculations of transported volumes of material, monitoring and recording changes that occured during construction, and construction of surveying and mapping plan for the registration in official records.


Dentistry is a health-care profession, provides oral care as physician does. Currently, due to transient transformation in dental practice, dentistry reached its zenith level. In this segment, moral and legal aspect is one of the leading concerns in dental practice management. The duties of dentist are allied with many confront along with regulations of moral and legal compliance. The aim of this article is to endow with uncomplicated explanations of dissimilar attitude and knowledge of morality that might affect the dental profession as a whole. The literature on acuity of morality in dental practice management was identified by searching the biomedical databases as a primary research material. The databases were searched for publications from 2001 to 2016, with key articles obtained primarily from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. The literature for the present review was obtained from the following sources such as published articles, unpublished literature, internet news clippings, and online manuals and books.


A model for the kinematics of a turbulent flow close to a solid boundary is explored. The field is assumed to be homogeneous in the direction of mean flow. The equations of motion are solved numerically for a flow which is periodic in time and in a direction transverse to the direction of mean flow. The period is taken to be the time interval between 'bursts' and the wavelength, the spacing of the streaky structure close to the wall observed by a number of investigators. Good agreement is obtained between the calculated flow field and experimental results, especially for y+ < 15. This agreement suggests that the flow oriented eddies in the viscous wall region can be represented by a model which views the flow in this region to be coherent and to be associated with spanwise flow deviations in a well-mixed outer region. The model allows for the periodic movement of low momentum fluid from the wall, which, because of the assumption of a well mixed outer region, gives rise to a shear layer. This seems to correspond to the observed 'bursting' phenomenon. The calculations confirm the suggestion by Fortuna and Hanratty (Fortuna 1970; Hanratty, Chorn & Hatziavramidis 1977) that the secondary flow in the viscous wall region generated by these spanwise flow deviations gives rise to the development of large velocity fluctuations in the direction of mean flow and accounts for the experimentally observed maximum in the velocity fluctuations close to the wall. Also, the comparison of calculations with measurements of the average velocity and with an experimental quadrant analysis of the Reynolds stress suggests that the secondary flow is making a major contribution to the Reynolds stress.


Considering the vicissitudinal character of the current U.S. Administration, the plethora of academic analyses it has elicited is hardly surprising. Irrespective of the numerous issues already and potentially affected by Trump; that his appointment exemplifies the erosion of the liberal world order has become a discernible leitmotif. What is less obvious however, is why? 'Make America great again' was a simple and effective rallying call that mobilised Trump's populist constituency – yet its inferred articulation of dissatisfaction exposes incongruities within Organski's Power Transition Theory (hereafter PTT).[1] If one accepts the precepts of PTT, the dominant state atop the international power hierarchy – i.e. the United States of America – should, by definition, be satisfied. U.S. dissatisfaction per se is not a new phenomenon – but it has previously pertained to ancillary elements or particular incidents occurring within the parameters of the extant order, rather than with the actual order itself. An aggregate of indicators suggests that contemporary U.S. dissatisfaction, as evinced by Trump's election and his administration's rhetoric and action, is unprecedented in its magnitude. The significance of this is twofold; theoretically, it exposes lacunae within the PTT literature that assumes hegemonic satisfaction as innate; and practically, it poses novel questions regarding the potential malleability of the extant liberal global order, absent a staunch incumbent defender.


The invention provides an air conditioning compressor frequency control method. The method comprises that an air conditioning detects the indoor temperature T [indoor], wherein Pn= T [set]-T [indoor]; Pn is compared with a preset temperature difference, the air conditioning runs at the highest frequency when the temperature difference is large, and the work frequency of the compressor is corrected through an increment PID algorithm when the temperature difference is small, accordingly, rapid refrigeration and heating can be achieved. By the aid of the method, the frequency is controlled to be reduced stably through the PID algorithm, the temperature is kept at a 0.5-degree static difference and is kept at the set temperature finally, the problems of stopping caused by temperature over-regulation can be solved, the air conditioning runs stably, and the user experience is good; when the set temperature and the air speed are changed, the compressor running frequency can respond to changes of the temperature timely, and the frequency is improved and reduced effectively; moreover, the frequency can be adjusted according to the environment temperature, so that the air conditioning stable running can be guaranteed, and the temperature can be adjusted rapidly.


Based on an experimental study conducted on a single-point injection CNG engine,various approaches for analyzing cycle-by-cycle variation in spark ignition engine were investigated through the measured cylinder pressure and heat release rate curve.The applicability and the relation of different approaches were also stated.The test results show that there is a good relationship between peak pressure(pmax) and the crank angle occuring peak pressure(φpmax) under normal combustion conditions.The cyclic variations of pmax and φpmax are smaller at thick mixture than that at thin mixture.However,the relationship between indicated mean effective pressure(IMEP) and pmax is not obvious,so it is concluded that pmax is not appropriate for the analysis of engine cyclic variations especially when the engine power performance is mainly studied.In order to consider comprehensively the pressure variation characteristics of the entire cycle,a method which includes analysis of pressure variation at every crank angle was proposed,also,the concept of variation of the centroid of heat release rate curve was also presented to examine the characteristics of the degree of constant volume.The centroid approaching top dead center was beneficial to improving IMEP.


The present invention relates to the use of one or more constraints computing device system settings, and provides methods for using one or more constraints calculation, method and computer program product for a system setting device. In use, identifying a plurality of parameters associated with a device. In addition, using a plurality of parameters, determining one or more constraints. Further, using one or more constraints and the plurality of parameters, for one or more computing devices is provided.


Background Many scientific fields now use machine-learning tools to assist with complex classification tasks. In neuroscience, automatic classifiers may be useful to diagnose medical images, monitor electrophysiological signals, or decode perceptual and cognitive states from neural signals. However, such tools often remain black-boxes: they lack interpretability. A lack of interpretability has obvious ethical implications for clinical applications, but it also limits the usefulness of these tools to formulate new theoretical hypotheses. New method We propose a simple and versatile method to help characterize the information used by a classifier to perform its task. Specifically, noisy versions of training samples or, when the training set is unavailable, custom-generated noisy samples, are fed to the classifier. Multiplicative noise, so-called "bubbles", or additive noise are applied to the input representation. Reverse correlation techniques are then adapted to extract either the discriminative information, defined as the parts of the input dataset that have the most weight in the classification decision, and represented information, which correspond to the input features most representative of each category. Results The method is illustrated for the classification of written numbers by a convolutional deep neural network; for the classification of speech versus music by a support vector machine; and for the classification of sleep stages from neurophysiological recordings by a random forest classifier. In all cases, the features extracted are readily interpretable. Comparison with Existing Methods Quantitative comparisons show that the present method can match state-of-the art interpretation methods for convolutional neural networks. Moreover, our method uses an intuitive and well-established framework in neuroscience, reverse correlation. It is also generic: it can be applied to any kind of classifier and any kind of input data. Conclusions We suggest that the method could provide an intuitive and versatile interface between neuroscientists and machine-learning tools. Highlights The heuristics of black-box classifiers can be probed with noisy inputs The relevant features can be visualised in the input representation space The method applies to any kind of data such as 2D images or 1D time series It applies to any classifier such as deep neural networks, support vector machines, random forests


This paper aims at conducting a critical reflection on the type of migration flows governance in Morocco. It will place a special focus on the position of a new type of migrants, namely economic refugees. Two main results emerge from this paper. First, there is an urgency to enlarge the definition of the Geneva Refugee Convention to include both economic persecution and deprivation. This is all the more understandable as many migrant sending countries are currently experiencing economic crises as much numerous as they are painful. Second, the legal and institutional arsenal set up by Morocco to regulate the rights of economic refugees and immigrants in general is quite rich. However, serious and repeated dysfunctions persist. Migration policies are characterized as a whole by the lack of visibility and coherence that should inspire clear and concrete actions. They remain selective, punctual, and politically opportunistic.


Social media constitute useful and effective platforms for miscarriage of justice campaigners to challenge state authorities and decisions taken by the criminal justice system. To characterize such endeavors, this study analyzes the activity in such a major group dedicated to the murder case of Tair Rada and the trial of Roman Zadorov, one of the most controversial legal cases in Israel's history. Using digital data extraction and linguistic analysis tools, we focus on five themes: (1) the central role of group administrators in directing the discourse and setting the group agenda; (2) correspondence of group activity with off-line events and mainstream media coverage; (3) skewed distribution of post publications per user and engagement measures per post; (4) prominent topics in group discussions, revolving around key figures, institutions and officials, making justice, considering alternative theories and examining investigative and forensic materials; and (5) the framing of key figures, institutions, and values in portraying a somewhat dichotomous image of a corrupted justice system, an innocent man wrongly convicted and a Facebook group in the search for the truth.


A handling baggage, constituted from a trolley or a suitcase, equipped of a couple of sliding shoes in elastic material, able to slide on stairs, facilitating the crossing.


We have demonstrated wavelength beam combining of a 1450-nm diode laser array with a novel smile compensation method. We have achieved 20-W cw from a 25-element single bar with an M(2) of 1.9 (fast axis) x 10 (wavelength-beam-combined dimension).