In the environmental economic dispatching model,for reducing fuel costs of the thermal power unit and emission load of polluted gas at the same time,multi-objective optimization was conducted.The model introduced valve point effect and considered transmission losses,meanwhile,on the premise of satisfying power balance and output limit,a kind of particle swarm multi-objective optimization based on JADE platform was used for solving.The algorithm absorbed evolution mechanism of particle swarm optimization(PSO),combined and applied Pareto dominant strategy and crowding distance in PSO,added dynamic inertia weight characteristic and small probability variation and improved global searching ability of the algorithm.On JADE platform,the algorithm model was set up,standard testing systems of IEEE-30 node six units and IEEE-118 node forty units were used for simulation.The results indicate that this algorithm could improve calculation speed of the system and concurrency of the algorithm which may be more suitable to solve large-scale and complicates system.


The nature and significance of writing for undergraduate dissertation are discussed in this paper.It is pointed out that the dissertation writing is the training to build up the scientific research ability of students with teachers′ instruction.And five problems in dissertation writing and four related solutions are summarized as well.The method of enhancing the quality of dissertation is also proposed.Such approach as"full guidance of teachers together with practice and improvement of students step by step"is proposed to improve the quality of students′ dissertation.


The 1994 devaluation of CFA francs in West Africa, the Mexican currency crisis in that same year, and the Asian crises that erupted in mid-1997 are reminders of the severe dislocations that can be caused by exchange rate misalignment. However a consensus on the importance of preventing exchange rate misalignment has not provided systematic guidance on definitions and measurement. Recent macroeconomic disruptions support the argument that growing financial integration has increased the urgency of providing accurate measures of long-run equilibrium exchange rates. For its analytical depth and its practical techniques for measurement, Exchange Rate Misalignment is an invaluable resource for policymakers and foreign exchange specialists in both the public and private sectors.


Recent electrocochleographic findings of Portmann and Aran point to a peripheral rather than a central lesion as the basis for hearing loss associated with Rh incompatibility. The observations are ...


Several basic processes in geomechanics depend on the microscopic level dissolution of mineral at stressed intergranular contact. They include: structuration, soil aging in laboratory tests and pressure solution in oil bearing sediments. The mechanisms of the removal include: dissolution of mineral at the interface between grains, plastic deformation and freeface pressure solution. While time scale and contribution of different mechanisms constituting the process may be different in each of the phenomena mentioned, one common feature of these phenomena is removal of mass from the contact area. The specific mechanisms of this removal are subject of a more or less intense debate in the respective communities and subject of both theoretical and experimental research. The removal is often linked to subsequent processes such as formation of gel in pores, precipitation of the mass on exposed free surfaces with possible changes in mechanical properties of


The impact of applying the testing approach to a calculus of processes with dynamic communication topology is investigated. A proof system is introduced that consists of two groups of laws: those for strong observational equivalence and those needed to deal with invisible actions. Soundness and completeness of this proof system w.r.t. a testing preorder are shown. A fully abstract denotational model for the language is presented that takes advantage of reductions of processes to normal forms.


This book investigates how observed differences in institutions affect political and economic outcomes in various social, economic, and political systems. It also examines how the institutions themselves change and develop in response to individual and collective beliefs, preferences, and strategies. This volume tackles both monetary and real topics in an integrated way, and represents the first coherent empirical investigation of positive models of political economy. The various contributions discuss issues of great topicality not just for Europe, but for all developed economies: why do central banks matter? What determines their independence? How do central bank independence and exchange rate regimes affect monetary integration and activism? The volume also discusses the costs of a monetary union, unemployment benefits, and redistributive taxation.


Focusing on the basic issues of top-layer design for the military electronic information system,this article discussed the fundamental concept,necessity,status and function,implementing policies,methods and procedures,based on the experiences in construction of the military information system.


Only one gas well in Saskatchewan produces nonassociated natural gas from strata of the Paleozoic Era. The well is in the Antelope pool, straddling the Saskatchewan-Alberta border, and produces at a rate of 3 million cu ft a day. In addition, approximately 17 million cu ft a day of dissolved gas is gathered in the production of oil from the Mississippian in southeast Saskatchewan.


The text presents the problem of the impact of forest on the well-being and health of tourists visiting the RNP. It is known that the most important bioclimatic role of forests is to improve air quality. The forest absorbs pollution, reduces noise and enhances the air of aromatic substances. Atmosphere of the interior of the forest depends on many variables, so the impact of the various communities on the human body (tourist) is different. This paper summarizes a number of important features for the bioclimate RNP found in 13 forest communities (tab. 2.), giving them the values +1 (positive), 0 (neutral) and -1 (negative) (by Krzymowska-Kostrowicka 1997). The average value of bioclimatic conditions of communities was calculated (range: -0.43 Rb.ng-Al, Sh.sr-Al, and Zb.zast.kl-Al-Gl – 0.52 Lb-Pi, Lb-Pi.ab and Zb.zast.kl-Vc-Pc). The distribution of tourist routes was examined (> 40 km) paying attention to the communities. It was found that the trails run through the communities of the most and least favorable bioclimatic conditions. Słowa kluczowe: bioklimat, zbiorowiska leśne, turystyka, Roztoczański Park Narodowy


In order to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis, tuberculosis and dermatophilosis, a study was carried out in main dairy areas of Benin from April to September 2015. For brucellosis, 780 sera and 78 milk samples were analyzed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). For tuberculosis, 780 cattle underwent a comparative intradermal tuberculin test and 78 milk samples were used for Ziehl-Neelsen's staining. About dermatophilosis, 78 samples of scabs were collected for Giemsa's staining. For brucellosis, the overall individual animal seroprevalence was 8.85%. The regions of Borgou with 19.33% and Atlantique with 0% prevalence showed significant differences (p <0.05) with the other regions. For tuberculosis, the overall individual animal prevalence was 2.18%. The regions of Borgou and Alibori, with 0% prevalence each, showed significant differences (p <0.05) with most other regions. Taking into account the individual animal prevalence, Zou (brucellosis 18.33%, tuberculosis 6.67%) and Plateau (brucellosis 10%, tuberculosis 6.67%) were the areas at risk for these two diseases. For dermatophilosis the overall herd prevalence was 23.08%. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between Alibori and Mono but also between Alibori and Zou. It is urgent, therefore, to put in place an adapted control strategy taking into account these geographical realities.

 Key words: Brucellosis, tuberculosis, dermatophilosis, prevalence, cattle, Benin


There exists inherent skewed language model in Chinese-English parallel corpus due to the influence of translationese. Obviously, natural language processing systems trained with these corpora, including machine translation and cross-language information retrieval, will inherit the skewed language model, thus seriously degrading the performance of applications. To fix the inherent defaults in parallel corpus, this paper proposes a technical research on building and profiling Chinese-English 3-tuple comparable corpora. The study adopts comparable corpora and automatic language profiling technologies and applies a combined method of statistics and rules for statistical analysis on native English and Chinglish in 3-tuple comparable corpora that consists of native English, Chinglish and standard Chinese. Based on this, automatic extraction technologies, such as n-grams and key clusters, are used in the mining of native-language-based bilingual resources to improve and develop natural language processing applications such as machine translation.


In the present paper a diffuse interface approach [1] is used to address the collapse of a sub-micron vapor bubble near solid boundaries. This formulation enables an unprecedented description of interfacial flows that naturally takes into account topology modification and phase changes (both vapor/liquid and vapor/supercritical fluid transformations). Results from numerical simulations are exploited to discuss the complex sequence of events associated with the bubble collapse near a wall, encompassing shock-wave emissions in the liquid and reflections from the wall, their successive interaction with the expanding bubble, the ensuing asymmetry of the bubble and the eventual jetting phase.


Thin YAG:Ce3+ films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition. For the first time, the dependences of the thickness, phase composition, and photoluminescence of films on the substrate temperature during synthesis were studied. It is shown that, regardless of the synthesis temperature in the range of 100-400 °C, the resulting films had a polycrystalline structure. With an increase in the substrate temperature, an increase in the film growth rate was observed. Despite the polycrystalline structure of the films, after annealing at 900 °C, YAG:Ce3+ thin films exhibited pronounced photoluminescence, which opens up the possibility of their application as modifying coatings for photoconverters, as well as for X-ray detectors.


High-power CARM and FEL research on a long-pulse (1 microsecond(s) ) high-voltage (700 kV) modulator at the MIT Plasma Fusion Center is described. The experimental results on a Ka-band, long-pulse CARM oscillator experiment are presented. In this experiment, a SLAC 5045 klystron gun produced an electron beam at 250-320 kV and 10-20 A; a beam (alpha) equalsV (rho) (perpendicular)/(rho) (parallel), variable from 0 to 1, was produced on this electron beam with a wiggler magnetic field near guide field resonance. CARM operation was observed for many parameter settings, and for frequencies ranging from 29 to 32 GHz. Output powers as high as 110 kW were achieved with an efficiency of up to 1.8%. Higher frequency radiation at 74.5 GHz was also obtained and is attributed to second harmonic CARM operation. Recent operation of an FEL experiment using a 580 kV, 0.27 (mu) (Rho) electron gun, built by Thomson Tubes Electroniques, and a permanent magnet helical wiggler with (lambda) (omega ) equals 3 cm and B(omega ) equals 500 G is described. Results include measurement of small signal gain, gain-bandwidth, and oscillation at 30 GHz, with power levels of approximately 1 MW.


This chapter explores and assesses some of the possibilities and challenges in fostering police organisational change through police/academic partnerships that aspire to a model of 'co-production'. It advances the case for knowledge generation that is socially distributed, application-oriented, trans-disciplinary and subject to multiple accountabilities, as the basis for a transformation in the way academics engage with policing practitioners and the value and application of knowledge, data and evidence within policing. Experiences of implementing the N8 Policing Research Partnership are deployed to provide insights into the critical challenges that such endeavours present both to dominant versions of evidence-based policing and to prevailing assumptions about co-production as methodology and philosophy. They foreground the problematic and often ignored issues of differential power relations, structural conflicts, differing professional interests and the need to manage these in ways that manifest open dialogue about differential roles, limitations and responsibilities, as well as safeguards to integrity.


Patent numbers: AT524836 (T)EP1273049 Note: French patent N°0004683 Reference EPFL-PATENT-153206Search for this record at the European Patent Office Record created on 2010-10-14, modified on 2017-05-12


In order for a product to be put in the hands of the customer, requires a mechanism which is called distribution channel and which enables the connection between the consumer and producer. One of the many strategies applied by Kosovar companies for the involvement of the members of the channel is also the promotion through distribution channels. Therefore, the strategies which involve the members of the channel have a higher probability to be positively accepted by the members of the channel, when they are part of a general program of supporting the needs of the producers. The process of realizing a marketing strategy of a company does not concise only of achieving specific goals of production during the realization of the promotion phase, but it also requires identifying the target market and achieving it. The purpose of this paper is to review the promotion strategy of distribution channels, which emphasize the support by the members of the channel, initiated by the producers through cooperative advertisements, promotional salaries, slotting taxes, incentives, promotions in markets and also special promotional agreements. The theoretical and practical side of the study are very important, especially regarding to new theoretical and practical views in the study context. Besides the theoretical contribution that will be offered by this paper, there will also M S c. H id ajet K A R A X H A , M S c. S jd T O L A J, D .S c. lia K R IS T O Promotion through Marketing Channels: The Case of Kosovo


Continuous seismic monitoring of volcanoes is challenging due to harsh environments and associated hazards. However, the investigation of volcanic phenomena is essential for eruption forecasting. In seismo-volcanic applications, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) offers new possibilities for long-duration surveys. We analyse DAS strain rate signals generated by volcanic explosions and tremor at Stromboli volcano (Italy) recorded along 1 km of dedicated fibre-optic cable. We validate DAS recordings with co-located nodal seismometers. Converting node measurements to strain rate, we observe a perfect match in phase between DAS and node waveforms. However, DAS amplitudes appear to be around 2.7 times smaller than those of node records, which we explain as due to the inefficient ground-to-fibre strain transfer in the loose cable. We invert time delays between strain rate waveforms and confirm that the DAS enables us to retrieve a dominant and persistent seismic source in the proximity of active craters. This stable source location is confirmed by node array analyses. Despite an observed high noise level of strain rate signals outside a range of 2–15 Hz, our results demonstrate the potential of this new technology in monitoring volcanic areas.


In order to alleviate traffic jam, an intelligent traffic signal control system base on ARM Cortex-M3 is implemented. In the system, STM32F207 is processor. Embedded RTOS CoOS is transplanted to achieve multi-task control of traffic signal in software design. A new multi-population genetic algorithm is developed to optimize green ratio. The result analysis shows that the system has stable performance and it makes the optimization of green ratio convenient and swift.


TO THE EDITOR: Cefonicid is a second-generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria that can be administered once daily due to its ability to achieve high plasma concentration and relatively long half-life.1,2 This constitutes a significant advantage in terms of cost-effectiveness compared with that of other cephalosporins. Furthermore, cefonicid has a favorable safety and tolerability profile. In a review of clinical studies with cefonicid, Jacob and Layne3 reported adverse reactions in 267 (13%) of 2094 treated patients; however, only eight were classified as severe, and <1.5% of pa-


The present investigations were undertaken to study the mechanism by which iprindole enhances the psychomotor stimulation (locomotor and stereotyped activity) of amphetamine and to elucidate the role of the hydroxylated metabolites of amphetamine in its mode of action. The enhanced psychomotor stimulation and the increased levels of amphetamine in tissue after iprindole pretreatment resulted from an inhibition of the p -hydroxylation of amphetamine. Iprindole markedly reduced the accumulation of p - hydroxyamphetamine in urine and p -hydroxynorephedrine in tissue after the administration of amphetamine. Since pretreatment with iprindole enhanced the central action of amphetamine and did not prevent the initial depletion of norepinephrine in brain or heart, the formation of the hydroxylated metabolites of amphetamine does not seem to be required for these pharmacological or biochemical effects. The maintenance of depletion of norepinephrine caused by amphetamine, however, was associated with the accumulation of p -hydroxynorephedrine in tissue. Unlike desipramine, iprindole altered neither the initial accumulation nor the metabolism of tritiated norepinephrine in brain or heart. The results show that iprindole is a "cleaner" tool to study the mechanism of action of amphetamine and suggest that a blockade of the neuronal membrane pump is not a requirement for the therapeutic efficacy of tricyclic antidepressants.


As a consequence of economic globalisation, the Western Balkans has been experiencing massive boom in the building of houses. In rural and mountain parts of the former Yugoslavia, in some of the least expected locations, often in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, many imposing houses have been constructed. These are often bigger and more extravagant than their models in western European suburbs and have been built largely on the basis of remittances from migrants in the EU or USA. It is not just "remittance houses" but whole new "remittance landscapes" that have come into being. This article explores the elemental spontaneity of this building boom. Many of the houses concerned have been built without project plans, architects or building permission and the new suburbs are developing without urban planning or infrastructure. I try to show some of the predictable but, above all, unexpected connections and results of the absence of rationalist planning and budgeting.


PURPOSE
To determine if the investigation of previous clinical features through an inquiry could be useful to predict HCV infection in blood donors as assessed by recombinant immunoblot assay.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
From january 1990 to august 1991, 79 HCV seropositive blood donors by recombinant immunoblot assays (58 RIBA 1 and 21 RIBA II) were selected to be inquired and to perform a clinical examination. The inquiry included the following parameters: age, sex, social environment, history of liver disease, presence or absence for parenteral risk factors (surgery, blood transfusion, odontological procedures, acupuncture, tattoos, etc...).

RESULTS
1) General data: mean age, 43 years (range 20-65); male/female 54/25 (ratio 2.16); urban/rural environment 50/29 (ratio 1.72); new/regular blood donors 17/62 (ratio 0.27). 2) Inquiry results: In seven cases (8.9%) previous symptoms were detected. Hepatic stigmata were present in 12 donors (15.2%). A 67.0 showed previous surgical procedures; 48.1% had odontological history; 24.0% were recipients for blood transfusion; parenteral treatment using nondisposable material were detected in 19 cases (24.0%); acupuncture in 4 donors (5.0%); tattoos in only one case. Social habits were: alcoholic consumption in 44.3% and regular medicine ingestion in 19.0%; a 81.0% had a unique partner and a 8.9% preferred multiple heterosexual contacts. A 29.1% inhabit in unfamiliar house and the remaining 70.9% lived in apartments buildings; the mean of family members was 3.7 persons (range 2-8).

REMARKS
a) It is pointed out the scarce and physical expression of the HCV infection. So in many aspects the inquiry is useless and time consuming. b) Nevertheless, we have detected some parenteral risk factors in seropositive cases. Regarding this particular aspect the inquiry is useful. Taken into account the previous we suggest to add an item with the parenteral risk factors to the ordinary self-answering inquire, addressed to all blood donors in each donation.


This article deals with supercritical extraction of two kinds of Czech coal (hard coal and lignite respectively), using water or toluene under near-critical conditions (temperature ranging from 250 to 400 °C, pressure at 300 bar). Mass balances of the obtained products (extracted coal residues, extracts, and gaseous products) are given with respect to the extraction temperature and extracting agent. The composition of these products are also shown in dependence of extraction conditions. Finally, the adsorption properties of solid extraction residues are determined and compared with those of commercially available activated carbon.


Resilience Resilience refers to competence despite adversity (Luthar et al., in press) and provides an important foundation for the treatment of children with depression. Treatment of children at risk for depression must focus on identifying children's strengths and resources and on encouraging the development of factors that may protect children from the onset of illness. Our work with at-risk pre-adolescents has indicated that resilient children remained active in school and social activities outside of the home, maintained a view of themselves as separate from their parents' illness, and developed relationships with adults outside of the family (Beardslee and Podorefsky, 1988). Treatment with mildly depressed or at-risk children must focus on enhancing these characteristics.


The pollutants load investigation in Yunlong reservoir basin shows that the non-point pollution source is the main pollution source.The TN is 91.8%,TP is 98.4% in total water inflow volume.Some countermeasures are put forward to control water pollution.


We describe coupled electron-phonon systems semiclassically—Ehrenfest dynamics for the phonons and quantum mechanics for the electrons—using a classical Monte Carlo approach that determines the nonequilibrium response to a large pump field. The semiclassical approach is quite accurate, because the phonons are excited to average energies much higher than the phonon frequency, eliminating the need for a quantum description. The numerical efficiency of this method allows us to perform a self-consistent time evolution out to very long times (tens of picoseconds) en-abling us to model pump-probe experiments of a charge density wave (CDW) material. Our system is a half-filled, one-dimensional (1D) Holstein chain that exhibits CDW ordering due to a Peierls transition. The chain is subjected to a time-dependent electromagnetic pump field that excites it out of equilibrium, and then a second probe pulse is applied after a time delay. By evolving the system to long times, we capture the complete process of lattice excitation and subsequent relaxation to a new equilibrium, due to an exchange of energy between the electrons and the lattice, leading to lattice relaxation at finite temperatures. We employ an indirect (impulsive) driving mechanism of the lattice by the pump pulse due to the driving of the electrons by the pump field. We identify two driving regimes, where the pump can either cause small perturbations or completely invert the initial CDW order. Our work successfully describes the ringing of the amplitude mode in CDW systems that has long been seen in experiment, but never successfully explained by microscopic theory.


A simple wavelength-agile Tm-doped fibre laser source employing an acousto-optic tunable-filter to achieve narrow-band operation (~0.16 nm) with wide and rapid wavelength tunability in the two-micron spectral region at watt-level output power is described. The prospects for extended wavelength coverage using spectral beam-combination and scaling to much higher output powers are considered.


Assembly lines are one of the cornerstones of modern production systems, significantly affecting the global society, economy, and other ancillary sectors. This is why the evaluation of assembly lines is particularly significant. Hence, the research on modeling approaches is presented in this paper, yielding an efficient mathematical tool that enables the evaluation of the steady-state performance of assembly lines at low CPU cost. First, the analytical model and the transition matrix were developed for the general case, and second, dimensionality issues and demanding computational requirements were tackled by applying the finite state method. Both approaches were employed in different theoretical cases in order to validate the finite state method against the analytical solution. Additionally, the developed evaluation framework was applied in the case of a realistic assembly system, and the obtained results were successfully validated against the factory floor measurements. The comparison of the obtained results proves the finite state method as a reliable and CPU-efficient method, suitable for the evaluation of its key performance indicators as well as implementation within more sophisticated design procedures. This kind of predictive analytics is intended to support production management and enhance the reliability of long- and short-term decision-making in the context of the digital twinning of production systems.


Foreign object damage (FOD) is one of the most serious problems when we apply CFRP laminates to aircraft structures, and the FOD properties of CFRP laminates usually depend on the stacking sequence. We can thus improve the FOD properties by changing the stacking sequence. Numerical simulation is more useful than experiments for observing the effect of stacking sequence on the FOD properties because there are numerous possible stacking sequences. This study seeks to establish a numerical simulation method for predicting FOD properties and to observe the effect of the stacking sequence on the FOD properties. In this study, three damage models were applied for FEM analysis: the smeared crack model, continuum damage mechanics (CDM), and cohesive element. Finally, we observed the effect of the stacking sequence on the FOD properties of CFRP laminates using the proposed numerical simulation method.


The critical role of an effective service delivery process in ensuring sustainable access to basic services by the citizenry cannot be overemphasised. Its critical relationship to social stability and democracy can also not be ignored. In this regard, attempts should thus be made to explore a variety of approaches that promote effective service delivery. Community development is one such approach. The concept of community development places people at the centre of the development process, with the emphasis being on enabling people to realise their potential and participate in activities that are responsive to problem issues within their communities. This article reflects on the role community development workers can and do play in promoting effective service delivery in South Africa and explores the tensions between the policy and implementation environment within which they function. In addition, and against the backdrop of community development theory, the article highlights the challenges faced by community development workers in service delivery and social development.


The Asian currency cooperation starts only after the Asian financial crisis, and the Chiang Mai Initiative is the most important agreement which has been reached. The main obstacles of Asian currency cooperation are:the significant differences in economic structures and development levels; the conflict in politics, cultures, and histories; the Asian Tradition, and the lack of responsibility of major countries. However, Asian currency cooperation will have a bright future. Single currency will be the destination of currency cooperation. Before that, RMB and Japanese Yen will function as the anchor currencies in Asia.


Dopamine P-hydroxylase (EC 126.96.36.199, dopamine-P-monooxygenase; DPH) is an enzyme specific for the catecholamine-storing organelles of chromaflin cells and adrenergic neurons [25, 3 1, 36-39, 59, 96; see also Ref. 1021. The enzyme is a constituent not only of the membranes of these organelles but also of their releasable cores [ 1-5, 8, 9, 30, 50, 55-57, 58, 60, 61,63,64,69,7 1, 74, 75, 88, 971. More recent studies have shown that the two forms of DPH differ in hydrophobicity [l, 18, 60, 611 and in kinetics [l, 771, although they appear identical in overall size and in immunological properties [30, 56,63, 66, 75, 971. DPH is a notoriously unstable enzyme and is readily inactivated in vitro by a wide range of inhibitors [5, 26,40,79], which impedes quantification of the enzyme by activity measurements. However, the inactive forms do not differ from the active enzyme to such an extent that they can (d) Concluding comments The molecular properties of the bovine DBH (a) Differences between the soluble IV.


This paper analyzes the mechanisms of the Euro Zone Financial Governance through the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP), with a focus on centralization vs. decentralization and incentive structures in the European Union (EU), by using a Game/Contract Theory framework. We first construct a Stackelberg game model played by n Ministries of Finance (MOF) in the n Euro zone member countries as the first movers, and the European Central Bank (ECB) as the second mover. We then show the following basic intuition. That is, the Government in each country can lead the growth (economy) in its own country, which means an increase in GDP (100% self benefit), by increasing government spending in its own country, but this will increase inflation and the value of the Euro will fall. Since these effects are equally shared by Euro countries (the cost is equally shared), an incentive to cut corners on reducing issuance of public debt (a free ride on other countries) exists. We see that an increase in the number n of the Ministries of Finance (MOF) or the number n of nations will lead to a more severe free-rider problem. Following this, we analyze a solution to the free rider problem through the penalty scheme in the SGP, and derive the second best solution when a commitment not to renegotiate penalties ex-post is impossible. Lastly, we derive the parameter conditions for optimizing the current EU (European Union) authority allocation, or "divided authority structure," which consists of Monetary Centralization (ECB) and Fiscal Decentralization (the Ministry of Finance in each country). From the global equilibrium payoff comparison, we find that what is effective is governance based on "relative sovereignty," where the centralization and decentralization structure in which several governance bodies (the ECB and the Ministry of Finance) coexist, or where division of authority is the basic organizational structure and the main body governs with leading sovereignty in accordance with the contingency.


We consider the H infinity control problem for continuous time systems with sampled observation studied by Sun, Nagpal and Khargonekar. We establish two Redheffer's lemmas for systems with hybrid signals. We then give the characterization of all suboptimal controllers which was not provided by Sun et al. We also introduce a chain of three systems with jumps generated through the output estimation problem, and solve the H infinity problems in this chain.


Anecdotal evidence suggests an increasing number of people are turning to VPN services for the properties of privacy, anonymity and free communication over the internet. Despite this, there is little research into what these services are actually being used for. We use DNS cache snooping to determine what domains people are accessing through VPNs. This technique is used to discover whether certain queries have been made against a particular DNS server. Some VPNs operate their own DNS servers, ensuring that any cached queries were made by users of the VPN. We explore 3 methods of DNS cache snooping and briefly discuss their strengths and limitations. Using the most reliable of the methods, we perform a DNS cache snooping scan against the DNS servers of several major VPN providers. With this we discover which domains are actually accessed through VPNs. We run this technique against popular domains, as well as those known to be censored in certain countries; China, Indonesia, Iran, and Turkey. Our work gives a glimpse into what users use VPNs for, and provides a technique for discovering the frequency with which domain records are accessed on a DNS server.


Esthetically unfavorable results may occur in 15%-20% after breast-conserving therapy for breast carcinoma. With increasing experience, plastic reconstructive techniques have evolved for reconstructing even large parenchymal defects after segmentectomy or in adverse tumor sites with esthetically reliable results. This had led to an expansion in the indication for breast-conserving therapy.


Quaade F. Fedme og psykopatologi. Psykologiske og sociale arsager og folger.Only high degrees of obesity - above 3540% overweight - lead to impaired physical health and shortened life span. By contrast, detrimental psychological and social consequences of obesity make themselves felt already at the lowest grades of obesity. The somatic aspects of etiology and pathogenesis in obesity and its physical sequelae have received more attention and are better understood than the psychopathology pertaining to the obese state. No predominating, let alone specific, psychopathological profile characterizes obese persons. This is not surprising in view of their great number and of the many factors that may lead to a positive energy balance. On the other hand, psychological factors are more important in obesity than in most other disorders. In the present review of the psychological and social aspects of obesity it is attempted to separate causes from consequences. Mention is made of the psychological events, causative...


To increase the efficiency of medium and long term runoff prediction, a prediction model based on support vector machine was recommended in this paper. The results show that the model has a good effect on forecasting the runoff in Xijiang basin. It is proven that the precision of SVM model is higher than that of neural network.


In search for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) selective ligands, a series of 6-substituted 2-naphthoic acid retinoids were synthesized and evaluated in vitro in a transactivation assay and a competition binding assay for all RARs. These derivatives, in general, showed RAR β,γ selectivity. Among these naphthoic acids, oxime derivative 12 was identified as a potent RAR γ-selective retinoid, while olefinic derivative 11 was found to be comparable to retinoic acid and slightly RAR β,γ selective. For the bioassays, a general correlation was observed between the binding affinity of the ligand to the receptors and the potency of the compounds in the transactivation assay. The structure−activity relationship of these naphthoic acids will be discussed.


After reviewing the concepts of the basicity of slags and capacities of slags, the paper describes how the two can be correlated quantitatively using the optical basicity approach. The capacities discussed are those that are relevant under the highly reducing conditions typical of foundry processes, namely the sulfide, phosphate, water, nitride, cyanide and carbide capacities, and where sufficient data exists the effect of temperature on these capacities is included. The application of these correlations to the assessment of the refining capabilities of slags, and hence to the calculation of the equilibrium slag-metal distributions of sulfur, phosphorous, hydrogen and nitrogen is indicated.


William Faulkner explores the variation process of Emily's psychology through flashback narration with onlooking and collateral evidence. He discloses the mental factor behind a murder by the lover. Analyzed from the point of view of Fromm's neo-psychoanalysis, Emily suffers necrophilia with its typical characteristics, which should be the mental cause of the murder.


We analyze the effects of quantum correlations on the parameter precision in an interferometric configuration. As probe states, we consider a class of two-qubit states for which the analytical expression of the quantum interferometric power, quantifying the quantum correlations, is explicitly derived. Also, we give and analyze the local quantum Fisher information, which evaluates the sensitivity of the probe state to the phase shift, for some relevant local Hamiltonians. The discord-like quantum correlations based on the notion of quantum interferometric power are compared with the original quantum discord based on von Neumann entropy. We also examine the significance of quantum correlations in enhancing the precision of the phase estimation. Our study corroborates the recent series of investigations focusing on the role of quantum correlations other than entanglement on the efficiency of quantum metrology protocols.


The objective of Arlindo-Productivity is to understand the factors responsible for regional differences in the response of phytoplankton and zooplankton to the SE and NW Monsoons in Indonesia. The hypothesis is that an interplay between circulation and shoaling of the nutricline, as a response to the monsoons, regulates productivity in the Indonesian Seas. My o@jective for the cruise in 1996 was to continue our collaboration with Indonesian scientists by conducting a set of hydrographic, primary production and spectral irradiance observations in the Indonesian Seas. This grant paid for shipping, travel and incidental costs associated with participation in the cruise in December, 1996. Ship costs were borne by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences as part of the collaborative effort. A plan for Arlindo in 1996 was agreed upon in March, 1996, by Indonesian scientists together with Arnold Gordon. The plan called for a 20-day physical oceanography and mooring cruise in November, 1996, followed by a 5-day bio-optical cruise. The bio-optical cruise departed from, and returned to, Ambon, and sampled in the Banda Sea. We completed a series of chlorophyll analyses, both a sampling of surface variability and depth profiles in the Banda Sea. We also completed three MER profiles for depth profiles of spectral irradiance. These data have a useful by-product in that they can be used for vicarious calibration of the OCTS sensor aboard the ADEOS satellite. As such, the data has been transmitted to NASDA in Japan for their use.


There are many references concerning torpor in the Chimney Swift (Chaetura pelagica). Storer (in Marshall 1960) stated that they can compensate for the great output of energy (required by their almost constant flight) by becoming torpid at night. McAtee (1947) gave many accounts of inactive swifts and stated that "torpidity from brief to extended periods is possible," and that "under favorable circumstances, hibernation seems a possibility." Berger (1961) stated that hibernation is known in Chimney Swifts. Lack (1956) referred to the discovery in December 1879 of a group of seven Chimney Swifts "stowed away" in an unused stove pipe in New York state. Hypothermia and hibernation have been found in other species of swifts and in related birds. Koskimies (1948) found that European Swifts (Apus apus) became temporarily poikilothermic, or torpid, when deprived of food. White-throated Swifts (Aeronautes saxatalis) have been shown to become torpid when exposed to both cold and starvation (Bartholomew et al. 1957). Members of various genera of hummingbirds (Pearson 1950, 1953; Howell and Dawson 1954; Lasiewski 1963) and Poorwills, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii (Bartholomew et al. 1957; Howell and Bartholomew 1959, and references cited therein), exhibit true hibernation with hypothermia. Lesser Nighthawks, Chordeiles acutipennis (Marshall 1955), and colies, Colius (Huxley et al. 1939), apparently become torpid. With this background of reports of torpor in the Chimney Swift and of the demonstration of hypothermia among its relatives, the present study was undertaken to determine whether the body temperature of the Chimney Swift changes during periods of lowered environmental temperatures.


The morphological characteristics of a young yellow birch stand (Betulaalleghaniensis Britton) were studied according to class height and class development, according to the classification criteria set by IUFRO. The results show that the crown projection ratio, b/dhp, and the ratio h/dhp are strongly correlated to the social position and the vitality of the trees. During clearing, these two morphological ratios should be considered in distinguishing among primary, useful accessory, and harmful accessory trees. The differentiation of trees in social classes is emphasized by competition for growing space and will result in the modification of the dynamics of tree morphology and stem growth volume.


The aim of this article is to investigate the origins, range and limitations of functionalism. At first the historical roots of mind philosophy with special regard to relevant aspects of Descartes' writing will be studied. Based on the subjectivist concept of mind as advocated by Descartes the structure of the theories dealing scientifically with the mind will be analyzed giving special emphasis to the behaviorist ideas and to their influence on the delimitations of the field of mental studies, including the causes of their failure. And as a consequence it will be verified how functionalism, which intends to be an alternative answer to the question of the mind's nature, overcomes or relapses into the same problems that invalidated behaviorism. This criticism of functionalism is based on qualia notion that constitutes an impediment to the reductionist claims of current mind theories.


We have previously demonstrated that in vitro production of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) in response to herpes simplex virus (HSV) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells PBMCs from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) decreases dramatically with disease progression, with extremely low levels of IFN-alpha preceding and predictive of opportunistic infections. Natural killer (NK) lysis, however, was found to decay later in disease and often was within normal limits even when IFN-alpha production was severely compromised. The NK lysis of HSV-infected fibroblasts (HSV-FS) is dependent on an HLA-DR+ accessory cell (AC) population that shares the phenotype of the predominant IFN-alpha-producing cell (IPC) population. To determine whether there is a correlation between AC activity and IFN-alpha production in these patients, we tested the ability of PBMCs from AIDS patients to provide AC help to NK cells from heterologous donors. While NK cells were highly sensitive to gamma irradiation, AC activity was relatively radioresistant. Therefore, NK cells from healthy donors were depleted of HLA-DR+ ACs and added to irradiated PBMCs from either healthy or AIDS donors to test for the function of ACs in the irradiated populations. Irradiated cells from AIDS patients were found to provide normal AC activity despite decreased IFN-alpha production in the majority of the patients. We failed to observe NK augmenting activity in supernatants of irradiated PBMCs from IFN-deficient patients that had been stimulated with HSV-FS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


The mechanical model of a single tendon three phalanxes finger is presented. By means of the model both kinematic and dynamical behavior of the finger itself can be studied. This finger is a part of a more complex mechanical system that consists in a four finger grasping device for robots or in a five finger human hand prosthesis. A first prototype has been realized in our department in order to verify the real behavior of the model. Some results of both kinematic and dynamical behavior are presented.


This paper is a literature review of domestic research work on Specialized Farmers Cooperatives recent years in China,especially since the year of 2007.As the conclusion of our research on articles on the Specialized Farmers Cooperatives,we put forward that the research focus have shifted from general theoretical research such as the nature and function of SFC to empirical research such as governance structure,cooperation performance and farmers' cooperative intention of the SFC,more related to the practical significance.Also research methods have turned gradually from qualitative re methods to quantitative research methods such as questionnaire investigation,factor analysis,regression analysis and structural equation modeling,reflecting the improved academic research level.At the end of this paper,a simple assessment was given to the research status of farmer specialized cooperatives in China,and we recognized that the farmer specialized cooperative financial issues,farmer cooperatives and government relations,and farmers' Professional Cooperative Association issues are need to be further studied intensively,so as to solve the practical problem of farmers specialized cooperatives development in China.


Using an original framework for evaluating bankruptcy rules, this Article casts doubt on the efficiency of legal arrangements that give some creditors an absolute advantage over others in the division of a debtor's assets. Such arrangements - which I classify as asymmetrical - are widely used in the modern economy, and include the secured loan, American general partnership and guaranty contract. In contrast, symmetrical arrangements - which include the corporation and common-law partnership - confer no absolute advantage, because they give each creditor group a prior claim to a distinct asset pool. I demonstrate that symmetrical arrangements produce lower debt appraisal costs, more efficient creditor monitoring, and speedier bankruptcy proceedings; they also are less conducive to exploitation of creditors such as tort victims who do not adjust to subordination of their claims. These results reveal that lawmakers could create social wealth by reforming asymmetrical arrangements to be symmetrical. I conclude by showing how symmetry is superior to previous proposals for reforming the secured loan.


Lipolytic activities of intracellular lipase obtained from Streptococcus lactis 527 cells grown at 30°C were determined using bacterial neutral lipids extracted from cells grown at 10 and 30°C. The amounts of free fatty acids liberated from lipids by lipase were in the order: 30°C neutral lipid > 10°C neutral lipid > triolein > intracellular membrane fraction. Glycerides hydrolyzed partially by lipase were detected on thin-layer plates and were composed of 1,3- and 1,2-diglycerides, fatty acids and unhydrolyzed triglycerides. Fatty acids liberated from neutral lipids by lipase were determined by gas chromatography. It was found that the major acid was cy-C10 and the minor among the acids liberated from 10°C neutral lipid, whereas the major acid was and the minors and cy-C10 from 30°C lipid.


Simple Summary Parasitoids are one of the most important biological control agents, and there are increasing requirements for long-term breeding. It is critical to figure out the parasitoid biological properties and disclose the effects of cold storage on them to extend their longevity. In this study, we investigated the field parasitism rate and clarified the biological parameters of Microplitis manilae, a dominant larval parasitoid of Spodoptera frugiperda. Further analysis revealed that the pupal cold storage, including different storage temperatures, storage period and storage time, significantly affected the emergence rate, parasitism rate and longevity of wasp adults, and the optimal storage condition was middle-aged pupae stored at 10 °C for 5–10 d. These results provide a novel insight into the mass-rearing of M. manilae and contribute to the biological control using M. manilae against S. frugiperda. Abstract As a major invasive pest in China, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) has caused great damage to crops. Hymenopteran parasitoids, especially the braconid wasps, play crucial roles in depressing pest populations. However, there was little information about the ideal storage of parasitoids to achieve their mass-rearing. Here, we identified a dominant parasitoid of S. frugiperda, Microplitis manilae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in the Hainan province of China with a field parasitism rate of 5.66–19.10%. The investigation of biological parameters revealed that the parasitism rate of M. manilae significantly decreased with an increase in both wasp adult longevity and host age, and the wasp of 1–3 d post eclosion performed best on the first instar of host larvae, showing the highest parasitism rate. We also discovered that the decreased temperature from 30 to 20 °C greatly extended the longevity of wasp adults, and a similar result was observed after feeding on 10% sucrose water compared with sterile water. Then, the effects of different pupal cold storage temperatures (4 and 10 °C), storage period (prepupa, middle-aged pupa, late-aged pupa) and storage time (5, 10 or 20 d) on the emergence rate, parasitism rate, female proportion and longevity of M. manilae were investigated. The results demonstrated that the middle-aged wasp pupae stored at 10 °C for 5–10 d possessed a stronger parasitic ability and longer longevity. These findings may promote the flexibility and efficacy of large-scale production of M. manilae, thus contributing to its biological field control against S. frugiperda.


The management of sports venues has undergone a series of reforms since the People's Republic of China's establishment in 1949. The reform of management right is especially significant. It reflects the government–enterprise relationship and logic of government action. Utilizing the perspective of the government–enterprise relationship, this study systematically reviews the reform model for sports venues to incorporate Chinese characteristics. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between the People's Republic of China's government and the market through the reforms implemented for the operation and management of sports venues. According to the study, the development and reform of sports venues in China has experienced government centralization, devolution, decentralization, and cooperation. The reform of sports venues' operation and management follows a "market-oriented government-led" model which reflects the government's logic. It is concluded that a "market-oriented government-led" model is essential for the promotion of comprehensive reforms for sports venues with Chinese characteristics.


PURPOSE: To realize highly accurate painting without damaging the appearance by pressing a base film against the outer surface of an external component thereby transferring a painting layer printed on the base film to the outer surface of the external component. CONSTITUTION: A base film F is pressed against the outer surface of a fairing 11 and a painting layer 16 is pasted thereto through an adhesive layer 15. The fairing 11 is then taken out from a vacuum container and the base film F is peeled off. Under such state, a painting formed by an ink layer 14 is transferred onto the outer surface of the fairing 11 and the painting is pasted only onto the outer surface of the fairing 11. The painting at an opening, e.g. an air duct 12, made in the fairing 11 and at a part deviated from the circumferential part of the fairing 11 is removed while adhering to the base film F when it is peeled off. Subsequently, a peeling layer 13 exposed onto the fairing 11 is irradiated with UV-rays and hardened. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


Criticism has been directed towards mental health services during the past decade for failures in managing risk effectively, but this has not resulted in significant improvements in training, which many hospital trusts still do not seem to provide ([Davies et al , 2001][1], this issue). Morris et al


ABSTRACT The present study examined the dyadic nature of fathers' and mothers' reported frequency of storybook reading by testing (1) the longitudinal association in parents' frequency of storybook reading when their children were 10.47 months old and 52.95 months old, (2) the interdependence between both parents' reported frequency of storybook reading, (3) whether children's word use would be a potential mediator, and (4) potential moderators (e.g., education levels, language skills). The analytical sample consisted of 8,400 two-parent households from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). The actor-partner interdependence mediation model was conducted. Findings showed a significant effect for the continuity in mothers' storybook reading, but not fathers. Mothers' reported storybook reading when their children were 10.47 months old significantly predicted fathers' reported storybook reading when their children were 52.95 months old. Children's word use was not a significant mediator. Implications and future research are discussed.


This work presents a Silicon based MEMS vibrating mesh atomizer for use in Spin-spray deposition of spin on glass. The device design, fabrication process and application of MEMS atomizer for spin-spray method to create SiO2 layer is discussed. The experimental study compares the new spin-spray method with the conventional spin coating method. The newly developed method demonstrated enhanced uniformity, less liquid waste, and comparable etch rates. In addition, the new spin-spray method demonstrated increased conformal coating of 3D microstructures of >40 μm thick structures compared to standard spin coating.


The scientific article is devoted to the psychological analysis of features of differentiation of concepts of untruth and lies in scientific researches of domestic and foreign experts-psychologists. Theoretical consideration of this problem led to appeal to the basic tenets of theories of lies available in modern psychological knowledge. The primary sources of analysis were the classics in this subject area of work K. Bond, V. Znakov, P. Ekman, V. Kazmirenko, K. Khalmetski, D. Sliwka, E. Feess, F. Kerzenmacher, W. Friesen, A. Mehrabian, O. Fry, T. Levin and others. The review allowed to identify the following psychological factors and sources that determine lies: biological, personal, situational. Lies and untruths are objective in nature – this suggests that they can reasonably be the subject of scientific (polygraphic) research and evaluation. The purpose of the article is to try to distinguish between the psychological interpretation of the essence of the concepts of «untruth» and «lie» within the interpretation of the results of polygraphic research. Methodology. During the preparation of the article, some general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition were used, in particular: historical, phenomenological, comparative, systemic, functional, generalization. Scientific novelty. The most distinctive features of a lie that need to be emphasized by a polygraph examiner are: the fact of distortion of the truth (a lie is an objective product of the subject's speech activity on the falsification of information); the desire to mislead (the intent of a lie determines a certain goal and creates motivation to achieve it); awareness of the act of lying (the ability to correctly navigate the situation, determining their own behavior and continuously monitor current experiences); instrumental nature (lying acts as a means to an end, ie lying becomes for the subject one of the elements of the communicative arsenal, which is focused on the predicted result of actions); expediency (the purpose of using lies may be the desire to obtain material and psychological benefits (own, socio-reputational, etc.). Selected features should be summarized in three characteristic features of lies: the fact of distortion of truth; expediency. Conclusions. In reality, it is incredibly difficult for a polygraph specialist to feel the fine line between lies and untruths and to determine not only the objective peaks of polygrams, but also to determine their true motives, aspirations and intentions. At the same time, the solution of this difficult problem may be an appropriate response to the allegations of objectivity of instrumental methods of determining the guilt or innocence of a person in committing an offense.


A poly(phenylacetylene) bearing a polycarbohydrate ionophore as a graft chain (copolymer 4) was synthesized by the copolymerization of end-functionalized (1→6)-2,5-anhydro-3,4-di-O-ethyl-D-glucitol with a 4-ethynylbenzoyl group (macromonomer 2) with phenylacetylene. Copolymer 4 showed a split-type circular dichroism (CD) in the long absorption region of the conjugated polymer backbone (280–500 nm), and the CD pattern varied in response to external stimuli, such as the solvents and temperature. This suggested that 4 had a predominantly one-handed helical conformation in the polyacetylene backbone. The CD pattern of 4 was completely inverted by the formation of a complex between the macromolecular ionophore units and the selected metal cations, that is, Ba2+, Pb2+, Sr2+, Na+, and Li+. This suggested that copolymer 4 underwent a helix–helix transition through the host–guest complexation with achiral inorganic metal cations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5855–5863, 2005


This paper was based on the assumption that the economic crisis that occurred in kibbutzim in the early 1980s led to the dismantling of the ideology that was the basis for building of the kibbutz movement. Kibbutz leaders from eight kibbutzim in Israel were individually interviewed. Each participant asserted that the changes that have occurred on kibbutzim over the past 25 years have affected not only the ideological principles of the kibbutz movement, but have also impacted child rearing, family and social relations and work ethic. It was concluded that today's kibbutzim have more in common with villages, townships and cities than a resemblance to traditional kibbutzim. The future of kibbutzim must be questioned as a unique community.


The crystal structure of L-serine phosphate (C3O3NH7 · H3PO4) is determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The unit cell parameters are as follows: a = 9.134(5) Å, b = 9.489(5) Å, c = 4.615(5) Å, γ = 99.54(5)°, space group P21, and Z = 2. The amino group of serine is protonated by a hydrogen atom of the phosphoric acid. The H2 ions are linked by hydrogen bonds into infinite ribbons aligned along the twofold screw axes. The ribbons form layers alternating with layers of serine molecules, which are directly linked by hydrogen bonds. © 2005 Pleiades Publishing, Inc. PO4 1– INTRODUCTION Owing to their specific structural features, inorganic derivatives of protein amino acids are of great interest for both the search for new pyroelectric and piezoelectric materials and the understanding of the role played by the electrical characteristics of protein amino acids in the processes occurring in living organisms. The structures of β-alanine, DL-alanine, sarcosine, and L-alanine phosphates were studied earlier in [1, 2]. The aim of this work is to determine the crystal structure of L-serine phosphate, which, according to the data available in the structural database [3], has not been investigated yet. L-serine phosphate exhibits piezoelectric properties [4]. EXPERIMENTAL The crystals studied were prepared through slow evaporation of a saturated aqueous solution containing serine and H3PO4 at pH < 2 in an LKB-Bromma thermostat operating in the temperature range from –10 to +40°C with an error of 0.5°. The temperature of the solution decreased from 25 to 8°C at a rate of 1°C daily. The unit cell parameters of the crystal are as follows: a = 9.134(5) Å, b = 9.489(5) Å, c = 4.615(5) Å, γ = 99.54(5)°, space group P21, and Z = 2. The intensities of X-ray reflections were measured in layers on an automated single-crystal diffractometer operating according to the perpendicular beam scheme using åÓKα radiation monochromated with pyrolytic graphite. A total of 1572 unique nonzero reflections with I ≥ 3σ(I) were measured in the index range h(0.15) k(–15.15), and l(0.4) up to 2θmax = 72°. The integrated intensities and the correction for the background were determined using an algorithm of the profile analysis [5]. 1063-7745/05/5001$26.00 © 0058 The stability of the crystal was checked by periodic measurements of the intensities of the control reflection. The coordinates of the non-hydrogen atoms were determined by direct methods with the AREN program package [6]. All the hydrogen atoms were located from a series of difference syntheses that alternated with the least-squares refinement of the positional and thermal atomic parameters on F2(hkl) with the SHELXL97 program [7]. The thermal parameters of the non-hydrogen and hydrogen atoms were refined in the anisotropic and isotropic approximations, respectively. The final R1 and wR2 factors calculated for all the reflections measured are 0.038 and 0.10, respectively. The total number of the parameters refined was 149; S = 1.03. The results of the refinement are given in Table 1. The projection of the structure of L-serine phosphate along the c axis is shown in the figure, which was drawn using the ORTEP III program [8]. The crystal data have been deposited with the Cambridge Structural Database (no. CCDC 201070). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION As is seen from the figure, the amino group of serine is protonated by a hydrogen atom of phosphoric acid. Tetrahedral H2 ions are linked by strong hydrogen bonds to form infinite ribbons along the twofold screw axes. The adjacent ribbons form slightly puckered layers of H2 tetrahedra along the b axis. These negatively charged layers alternate with layers formed by protonated serine molecules. The bond lengths and angles in the serine molecule and H2 ion are listed in Table 2. It follows from Table 2 that the H2 ion PO4 1–


Finite element analyses show that maximum thermal stresses in a typically cooled turbine blade are approximately 40 percent larger than they are if calculated assuming constant, average temperature material properties—even though the local-to-average properties vary only 2 to 3 percent. An error of this size in stress leads to an order of magnitude over prediction of cyclic life. This surprisingly large effect is explained by means of the solution for thermal stress in a flat plate with a thermal gradient through its thickness. In general, finite element computer codes allow for temperature dependency of properties, but some do not permit this dependency within an element. It is shown that this can be a serious limitation with higher-order elements.


The air blow-out method of extracting bromine from seawater or brine is widely used at home and abroad. The key parameter in this unit operation is the vapor-liquid equilibrium data (T, x, y) for brominebrine system, which were obtained with the Bubble Equilibrium equipment at 10 and 20℃ in this paper. The experimental equilibrium data were carried out by using Margules Equation for liquid phase and ideal equation for gas phase, and the nonlinear least square method was used to regress the parameters of Margules model for the system. It showed good consistency for the calculated data from Margules model and the experimental data.


Known constituents of tobacco (cellulose, pectin, lignin, protein, chlorogenic acid, and rutin) were subjected to fractional pyrolysis over the temperature range of 240−510 °C in a specially constructed, high-temperature flow reactor system. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to analyze for free radicals in the initially produced total particulate matter (TPM) and in TPM that was allowed to age with exposure to air and light. The TPM formed during pyrolysis of cellulose, pectin, and rutin did not contain any radicals, whereas radicals in the TPM of protein, lignin, and chlorogenic acid increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The nature of the EPR spectra of the initially formed radicals (primary radicals) depended on the chemical structure of the constituent and temperature of pyrolysis. New types of free radicals were observed after exposure of the TPM to light and air (secondary radicals), but the nature of the EPR spectra was remarkably similar for all constituents. On...


In the process of high-power disk laser welding,the keyhole feature has an important relationship with welding quality. Researching on keyhole feature has vital significance on real-time analysis of welding quality. A new approach to extract the keyhole feature was investigated during high-power disk laser bead-on-plate welding of Type 304 austenitic stainless steel plates at a continuous wave laser power of 10 kW. An infrared and visible sensitive high-speed video camera was used to capture the dynamic images of the laser welding keyhole. The keyhole was segmented by using the image processing. The chain code of a keyhole outline was statistically analyzed. Also,the area,perimeter,centroid,coordinates of front and shape factor of a keyhole regional characteristics were defined and calculated as the characteristic parameters of a keyhole. Experimental results showed that the keyhole shape could be effectively described by using the proposed method.


The container lid (2) for, a sterilization material processing apparatus using (1), a rotating unit (6), can accommodate a plurality of longitudinal rails lid (2) which are arranged by gravity (7) a is, rail (7) is securely connected to the rotating unit (6), and a rail which is arranged so as to follow the circumferential extension of the rotating unit (6), and distribution means of sterilization material (16), the rail located below the (7), a support profile which is height change (15) comprises a support profile further having a circumferential extension portion for supporting the column of the lid (2) (8), the processing apparatus.


A remarkable phenomenon abound in nature is that of spontaneous synchronization, in which a large population of coupled oscillating units of diverse frequencies operate in unison. Such cooperative effects occur in physical and biological systems pervading length and time scales of several orders of magnitude, e.g., flashing of fireflies, rhythmic applause in a concert hall, animal flocking behaviour, etc. Spontaneous synchronization has been traditionally studied from the perspective of nonlinear dynamical systems theory, while more recently, we have demonstrated the usefulness of a complementary approach using tools of statistical physics that allows to obtain insightful results in a number of representative dynamical settings [1]. This talk will focus on analysis of interacting many-body complex systems exhibiting spontaneous synchronization from the perspective of nonequilibrium statistical physics. In the context of a paradigmatic model of spontaneous collective synchronization, the Kuramoto model, we will discuss how a statistical physics treatment yields exact and useful results on (i) static properties, e.g., a very rich phase diagram for the model in presence of thermal noise and additional non-local interactions on a one-dimensional periodic lattice [2], as well as (ii) dynamic properties, e.g., the autocorrelation of the order parameter in the nonequilibrium stationary state of the model [3]. References: [1] Shamik Gupta, Alessandro Campa and Stefano Ruffo, Statistical Physics of Synchronization(Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2018). [2] Shamik Gupta, Spontaneous collective synchronization in the Kuramoto model with additionalnon-local interactions, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50, 424001 (2017). [3] Debraj Das and Shamik Gupta, Exact correlations in the nonequilibrium stationary state of thenoisy Kuramoto model, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 51, 445003 (2018).


A unique desintering phenomenon has been observed in gas-pressure sintering of silicon nitrides with additives of yttria and alumina. The desintering phenomenon occurred, simultaneous with weight increase, only when a boron nitride crucible was used in combination with the application of high nitrogen pressure (5 MPa). When the nitrogen pressure was low (0.5 MPa), or when the boron nitride crucible was replaced by a graphite crucible, this desintering phenomenon was not observed. These results could be rationalized by the chemical dissolution of nitrogen into the oxynitride melts and the resultant evolution of carbon monoxide. This indicates that the high nitrogen overpressure employed in gas-pressure sintering of silicon nitride ceramics is not always beneficial.


The article discusses methods for ensuring guaranteed water intake and the process of sedimentation in the head sedimentation tank. Based on the results of a full-scale study of the supply channel, a recommendation was developed to improve its operation. The results of surveys of the hydraulic and alluvial regimes of sediments in the channel of supply channels are analyzed and summarized as well as the organization of cleaning work and recommendations for the appropriate placement of dredgers along the channel length. The arrangement of dredgers is carried out depending on the distribution of sediment volumes along the length of the channel, taking into account the type and performance of each dredger.


Postmodernism involves the view that knowing is subjective or interpretive. Narrative therapy, which draws on this approach, places emphasis on the interpretation of the client's subjective experience—the intrapsychic perspective. This perspective, which represents a return to an earlier development, is however not a logical or necessary consequence of postmodernism. In refiguring family therapy/psychology, and thus going beyond narrative therapy, what remains to be determined is how postmodernism as well as the phase of development from the intrapsychic to interpsychic perspective—as incorporated by general system theory (i.e., the interactional approach)—can be applied in a meaningful and integrative way.


Our purpose was to investigate the effects of leptin deficient type II diabetes on arteriolar network architecture, shear rate (SR) gradients and plasma cytokine levels. Terminal arteriolar networks were observed in the cremaster muscle of age matched C57BL/6 mice (n=34), OB/OB mice (n=6) or DB/DB mice (n=5). Network architecture for sequential branches (B) along the central feed showed robust networks for C57 (472±38um length; 3.5±0.2 B/network; diameter feed 10±0.5um), and rarefaction that was succinctly different for OB/OB vs DB/DB. For OB/OB, density was attenuated with a variable feed (F) length (761±248um) but unchanged #B (3.6 ± 0.3 B/network) and diameter (F 10±1um); for DB/DB, shorter networks (206±31um*) had reduced #B (2±0.7 B/network*) and smaller feed diameter (F 8±1um*). Axial gradients in SR for C57 showed consistency along the feed, with predictable ~1.5‐fold spikes within bifurcations. SR for OB/OB was dysregulated (4‐fold spikes) and overall increase downstream. SR for DB/DB was depressed overall, with an overall decrease downstream. Plasma cytokine levels showed decreased IL3, IL9 and GM‐CSF in each diabetic model vs. C57, while IL6 and VEGF levels were significantly lower in DB/DB, and higher in OB/OB vs. C57. Thus, the changes in architecture and SR profiles are associated with specific changes in proliferative/angiogenic cytokines. *p<0.05 vs. C57. Thanks to NIH DK68401 AHA 0655908T.


The Testament of Abraham depicts the last days of the life of the biblical patriarch Abraham. In telling Abraham's experience resisting Death, the text preserves a certain understanding of the rewards and punishments associated with righteousness and sin, respectively, and a particular view of the appropriate and inappropriate ways of processing the souls of the deceased. The modes of divine and human justice in the Testament of Abraham are not uniform, and represent a complex understanding of both righteous humans and the divine. The description of judgment and punishment follows a visit from the Archangel Michael to notify Abraham, as a matter of courtesy, that his life is about to end. After giving the messenger of the Most High the slip several times, Abraham agrees to be taken up to heaven, where God instructs Michael to show him "all things" and that Michael should follow Abraham's instructions concerning the meting out of punishments for mortal beings. Abraham's decisions do not turn out to be models of divine best practice. Abraham unleashes retribution upon a number of people before God notifies him that his services are no longer required: Abraham "has no mercy on sinners," God


Discrete event systems (DESs) are systems in which state changes take place in response to events that occur discretely, asynchronously and often nondeterministically. This paper considers a class of DESs modeled as hierarchical state machines (HSMs), a special case of the statecharts formalism. The authors provide an efficient algorithm for solving reachability problems in the HSM framework that utilizes the hierarchical structure of HSMs. This efficient solution is used extensively in control applications, where controllers achieving a desired behaviour are synthesized on-line.<<ETX>>


In various parts of the world, notably along the Baltic coasts of the Danish islands, the eastern coasts of America, and near the shores of many of the Western Islands of Scotland, are found mounds of varied size composed for the most part of shells of the edible species of molluscs, such as limpets, periwinkles, cockles, and oysters. Interspersed with these are found the bones of many mammals and birds; also weapons and tools of flint, dolerite, horn, bone, and wood, including celts, scrapers, chisels, arrow-heads, slingstones, anchor stones, and other articles which had been made and used by a prehistoric race of men. In Denmark these mounds, which are called kjökken mödding, reach the dimensions of from 100 to 1000 feet in length and from 3 to 10 feet high. They have yielded many implements made of similar materials to those above mentioned; but no articles manufactured from any kind of metal have ever been found in them. From this circumstance these shell-mounds have been referred by archæologists to the neolithic division of the Stone age. The shell-mounds of the American coasts have a great resemblance to the Danish ones, also containing implements, bones, &c, and are supposed to have been formed by the aboriginal inhabitants previous to the occupation of America by the "white man." The Scottish shell-mounds are, generally speaking, smaller than any of the others, but, like them, contain the bones of animals, and stone, horn and bone weapons and implements. In the Western Islands of This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract


Abstract The bioleaching is a biochemical process that is based on the capacity that certain microorganisms have to transform insoluble elements present in certain sulphide minerals in soluble elements and easy to be extracted from the lecheate in conventional downstream processes. The leaching microorganisms are characterized by a unique capacity to grow in environments virtually uninhabitable for the majority of microorganisms, as they live in places with extremely low pH and in temperature that can vary between 25 to 80°. In a process of leaching sulphide minerals it is used to obtain a flotation concentrate so as to recover a large part of the metal of interest bearing sulphide minerals. In the case of copper, for instance, its main sulphides are the chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, enargite, tenantite and covelite, being chalcopyrite the most abundant copper sulphide and the most important economically. This research work aims at controlling in an orderly manner the biological processes that occur in a heap of copper sulphide minerals-bearing flotation concentrate. In a bioleaching heap without external control, it is observed that mesophile microorganisms are acting in the most external areas of the heap, i.e. , in areas where there is more heat exchange, and the moderate and extreme thermophilic ones act in the inner parts of the heap, in their acting corresponding temperatures. The oxidative processes that occur have exothermic character and there is a trend of intense rising of temperature inside the heap, and, the result of this heat intensification, the death of part of these microorganisms may occur. However, with the temperature control, in combination with an up-flow of air can prevent the death of microorganisms and reach a significant extraction of those metals of interest, without mentioning the redox potential monitoring, which gives a quite reliable indication of the sulphide minerals oxidation process efficiency.


For the first time we describe a positive application of electromigration, as an electrically programmable fuse device (eFUSE). Upon programming, eFUSE's show a large increase in resistance that enable easy sensing. The transient device characteristics show that the eFUSE stays in a low resistance state during programming due to the local heating of the fuse link. The programming is enhanced by a device design that uses a large cathode which increases the temperature gradient and minimizes the effect of microstructural variations.


there is provided an actuating means (100) for the selection of gear stages for a change speed transmission, in particular for an automatic shift-by-wire actuator, wherein a shift lever (102) of the actuating device (100) in a main street (108) and a tip gate (110 ) and (between the main aisle (108) and the tip gate 110) is movable in a change lane, wherein the actuating means (100) comprises an (to the select lever 102) catch device acting (104), characterized by a locking device (106) comprising a locking detent (112), an actuator (114) and a by the actuator (114) led lock pins (116), said locking detent (112) has at least one locking recess (122), wherein at one position of the selector lever (102) within the main lane ( 108) of the locking pin (116) by the actuator (114) is movable and is formed the locking pin (116) engage the locking recess (122), said barrier means (106) comprises a comprises spring (124), wherein a by the spring (124) caused holding force is greater than one of a position of the selector lever (102) in the tip gate (110) in a position in the main aisle (108) acting restoring force of the catch device (104 ) of the actuating device (100) and wherein the spring (124) is adapted to (for a movement of the selector lever 102) from the tip gate (110) to act in the main aisle (108) when the lever (102) (in the tip gate 110) is positioned.


The invention belongs to the anti-forgery field and in particular to an anti-forgery tipping paper and fabrication thereof. The anti-forgery opening tag comprises sequentially from the top to the bottom a light oil layer, a QR code layer, a printing layer, a coating layer, a base material layer and a verification code layer. The anti-forgery tipping paper replaces the hot stamping, coding and other processes used on the cigarette pack, reduces the production costs of cigarette pack and at the meantime increases the anti-forgery effects of the tipping paper and poses more challenges to counterfeiting.


The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS) has been recently developed and validated, providing improved accuracy and sensitivity for changes in SLE disease activity in comparison to SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K)[1]. New recommendations to standardize the Physician Global Assessment (PGA) scoring may improve its reliability[2].To assess the intra- and interrater reliability of SLE-DAS, SLEDAI-2K and PGA for measuring SLE disease activity.A set of 24 clinical vignettes were abstracted, each from a real clinical visit of patients followed at an academic lupus clinic. These vignettes were selected to include a wide spectrum of SLE manifestations, organ-system involvements, and global severity of disease activity. Abstracted data were presented in a standardized format, including demographic, past medical history, current clinical picture and treatment, laboratory, and other workup assessments. A group of 19 raters were recruited as a random multicenter sample of Rheumatologists. All raters completed a preliminary training session on scoring rules for SLE-DAS, SLEDAI-2K and PGA. Each rater scored each clinical vignette with SLE-DAS, SLEDAI-2K, and PGA through an online survey. The scoring was repeated in a second round 7-14 days after the first one. The clinical vignettes were randomly ordered for each round. Inter and intra-rater reliability of each instrument was estimated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), based on single-measurement, absolute agreement, with a two-way random effect or two-way mixed-effects model, respectively.The 19 raters included 8 rheumatologists and 11 rheumatology trainees from 11 hospitals, with a mean of 12.1±7.1 and 3.6±0.5 years of rheumatology practice, respectively, and 78.9% of the participants assess ≤5 SLE patients per week in their regular clinical practice. The 24 clinical vignettes included 83.3% female patients, with a mean of 36.5±17.9 years of age. Active SLE organ involvement included: skin rashes (20.8%); arthritis (12.5%); nephritis (12.5%); thrombocytopenia (12.5%); cardiac/pulmonary involvement (12.5%); mucocutaneous vasculitis (8.3%); serositis (8.3%); neuropsychiatric lupus (8.3%). Systemic vasculitis, myositis, alopecia, hemolytic anemia, and leukopenia were each present in 4.2% of the vignettes. Hypocomplementemia and/or high anti-dsDNA were present in 75.0%. Twenty-one percent of the cases were in remission.All raters completed the survey, totaling 912 case assessments. Scores attributed by the raters ranged from 0.37 to 49.53 in SLE-DAS, 0 to 24 in SLEDAI-2K, and 0.0 to 3.0 in PGA. The interrater reliability was good for SLE-DAS and SLEDAI-2K, and moderate for PGA. The intra-rater reliability was excellent for SLE-DAS, and good for SLEDAI-2K and PGA (Table 1).Table 1:Interrater and intra-rater reliability of SLE-DAS, SLEDAI-2K and PGA.ICC (95%CI)Interrater reliabilityIntra-rater reliabilitySLE-DAS0.877 (0.807-0.934)0.908 (0.891-0.923)SLEDAI-2K0.812 (0.717-0.896)0.892 (0.871-0.909)PGA0.704 (0.578-0.828)0.900 (0.881-0.916)CI: confidence interval; ICC: intraclass correlation coefficient.SLE-DAS presents high intra- and interrater reliability for measuring SLE disease activity. The high reliability of SLE-DAS is an important quality both in clinical practice and research, allowing consistent scoring among different clinicians including those who are not SLE experts.[1] Jesus D, Matos A, Henriques C, et al. Derivation and validation of the SLE Disease Activity Score (SLE-DAS): a new SLE continuous measure with high sensitivity for changes in disease activity.Ann Rheum Dis2019;78:365-71.[2] Piga M, Chessa E, Morand EF, et al. Physician Global Assessment International Standardisation Consensus in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: the PISCOS study. Lancet Rheumatol 2022;4:e441-e449.Beatriz Mendes and Carolina Mazeda contributed equally and share first authorship.None Declared.


Our daily life aspects are full of signs including icon, index, and symbol.
The aims of this research are to describe the meanings and the reasons of the
warning icons used on foods and b everages cartons. The theories used are the
Saussure's theories and The Barthes' theories. Saussure emphasized his theory in
analyzing the sign using the signifier and signified criteria. Then, Barthes
emphasized his theory on the myth that derived from th e denotative and
connotative levels.
The type of this research is qualitative interpretative type. In collecting the
data, the writer applied the documentation and observation methods. The several
steps are done to analyze the data. In analyzing the meaning, the steps are:
analyzing the signifier, analyzing the signified, and analyzing the text. In
analyzing the reasons, the steps are: analyzing the denotation level, analyzing the
connotation level, and analyzing the myth.
This research shows the variety of the meanings and the reasons of the
warning icons used on the foods and beverages icons. The meanings are:
1) referring to the cartons, such as: the warning to avoid the cartons from the wet
or moisture and the heat, the warning to avoid the cartons from the strong smell,
the warning that the cartons should be bought carefully, the warning that the
carton are not allowed to tread and give the load amount, the warning not to put
the carton facing backwards, the warning of the maximum amount piles, the
warning to avoid the cartons from the direct contact to the floor, and the warning
that the cartons should be put in the right order; 2) referring to the users: the
warning of the maximum amount piles; 3) referring to both cartons and users: the
warning of the maximum amount piles. The reasons are: the popularity reasons,
the acceptability reasons, the characteristic similarity reasons, and the clarity
reasons.


BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The relationship between serum cholesterol level and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains confusing. We investigated the effects of serum cholesterol level on development of liver tumors in mice.

METHODS
We performed studies with C57BL/6J mice, mice with disruption of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene (Ldlr-/-mice)-and mice with conditional deletion of nature killer (NK) cells (NKdele mice). Some C57BL/6J and NKdele, mice were given injections of diethylinitrosamine (DEN) to induce liver tumor formation. Mice were placed on a normal diet (ND) or high-cholesterol diet (HCD) to induce high serum levels of cholesterol. We also studied mice with homozygous disruption of ApoE (ApoE-/- mice), which spontaneously develop high serum cholesterol. C57BL/6J and NKdele mice on the ND or HCD were implanted with Hep1-6 (mouse hepatoma) cells and growth of xenograft tumors and lung metastases were monitored. Blood samples were collected from mice and analyzed by biochemistry and flow cytometry; liver and tumor tissues were collected and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and RNA-seq analysis. NK cells were isolated from mice and analyzed for cholesterol content, lipid raft formation, immune signaling and changes in functions. We obtained matched tumor tissues and blood samples from 30 patients with HCC and blood samples from 40 healthy volunteers; levels of cholesterol and cytotoxicity of NK cells were measured.

RESULTS
C57BL/6J mice on HCD and ApoE-/- mice with high serum levels of cholesterol developed fewer and smaller liver tumors and lung metastases after DEN injection or Hep1-6 cells implantation than mice on ND. Liver tumors from HCD-fed mice and ApoE-/- mice had increased numbers of NK cells, compared to tumors from ND-fed mice. NKdele mice or mice with antibody-based depletion for NK cells showed similar tumor number and size in ND and HCD group following DEN injection or Hep1-6 cells implantation. NK cells isolated from C57BL/6J mice fed with HCD had increased expression of NK cell-activating receptors (NCR1 and NKG2D), markers of effector function (granzyme B and perforin), and cytokines and chemokines, compared with NK cells from mice on ND; these NK cells also had enhanced cytotoxic activity against mouse hepatoma cells, accumulated cholesterol, increased lipid raft formation and immune signaling activation. NK cells isolated from HCD-fed Ldlr-/- mice did not have increased cholesterol content or cytotoxic activity against mouse hepatoma cells compared with ND-fed Ldlr-/- mice. Serum levels of cholesterol correlated with number and activity of NK cells isolated from human HCCs.

CONCLUSION
Mice with increased serum levels of cholesterol, due to an HCD or genetic disruption of ApoE, develop fewer and smaller tumors after injection of hepatoma cells or a chemical carcinogen. We found cholesterol to accumulate in NK cells and activate their effector functions against hepatoma cells. Strategies to increase cholesterol uptake by NK cells might be developed for treatment of HCC.


1 As historians of Vatican I are aware, there were many hopes that this council would also give careful consideration to the office of bishop in its constitution on the Church, but these were not realized due to the interruption of the council in 1870. The result was a truncated ecclesiology, centered primarily on the pope. 2 All citations from the documents of the Second Vatican Council are taken from: Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. Volume II. ed. Norman P. Tanner (Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press / London : Sheed and Ward, 1990). 3 Hervé Legrand, "Les évêques, les églises locales, et l'Église entière," in Le ministère des évêques au concile Vatican II et depuis, Hommage à Mgr. Guy Herbulot (Paris : Cerf / La Croix, 2001) 201–260 at 209. Legrand's assessment is confirmed by recent magisterial interpretations of Vatican II, which reflect a universalist notion of collegiality: "In fact, the power of the College of Bishops over the whole Church is not the result of the sum of the powers of the individual Bishops over their particular Churches; it is a pre-existing reality in which individual Bishops participate." John Paul II, "apostolic letter motu proprio, Apostolos suos: On the Theological and Juridical Nature of Episcopal Conferences," (May 21, 1998) 13: AAS 90 (1998) 650–651; also in Origins 28 (July 3


We demonstrate the ambipolar acoustic transport of optically generated electrons and holes by surface acoustic waves in InGaAsP waveguide structures grown on InP substrates. Transport is detected by monitoring the photoluminescence in the 1400{1500-nm wavelength range emitted by the recombination of the acoustically transported carriers several hundreds of micrometers away from the photoexcitation spot.


Abstract Let R be a commutative ring with identity. An ideal I of a ring R is called an annihilating-ideal if there exists a nonzero ideal J of R such that IJ = (0) and we use the notation 𝔸(R) for the set of all annihilating-ideals of R. In this paper, we introduce the extended annihilating-ideal graph of R, denoted by 𝔼𝔸𝔾(R). It is the simple graph with vertices 𝔸(R)* = 𝔸(R)\ {(0)}, and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent whenever there exist two positive integers n and m such that InJm = (0) with In ≠ (0) and Jm ≠ (0). Here we discuss in detail the diameter and girth of 𝔼𝔸𝔾(R) and investigate the coincidence of 𝔼𝔸𝔾(R) with the annihilating-ideal graph 𝔸𝔾 (R). Moreover we propose open questions in this paper.


Abstract Focusing on legal and policy externalisation, this article demonstrates the necessity of an integrated perspective for understanding the EU's unique identity in the governance of international sport. It shows that externalisation is characterised by a sequential stage process in which Normative Power Europe (NPE) and Market Power Europe (MPE) dynamics alternate and intertwine, bringing to life a Normative Market Europe. The EU's NPE identity forms the basis for a unique operating mode, aimed at strengthening the ethical character of international sports governance. The EU's potential to influence sport governing bodies like FIFA, however, emanates from its MPE identity, notably its large, regulated market. Yet interest contestation and lack of internal cohesiveness have often impeded the EU from becoming a force for good.


We have developed a new analytical peak separation analysis for superposed γ ‑ray peaks on 67 Cu and 67 Ga to measure the 68 Zn( p ,2 p ) 67 Cu and 68 Zn( p ,2 n ) 67 Ga reactions, unlike in most previous works that were employing a radiochemical separation to measure them. Based on the nuclear data such as the γ ‑ray intensity and the half‑life for each nuclide, we may develop a new analytical method that enables us to estimate the respective counts arising from each nuclide, thereby obtaining the nuclear reactions. The newly developed analytical method can universally be applied to separate the superposed γ ‑ray spectra of any two nuclides, especially superior in separating the nuclides with different half‑lives. In comparison with the data in the literature, the two reactions in the present work are in good agreement with those of some previous works. In addition, we compared the present 68 Zn( p ,2 n ) 67 Ga reaction without the peak separation to the data in the literature without the chemical separation, and find that a good agreement is evident, enhancing the reliability of the 68 Zn( p , x ) 65 Zn and 68 Zn( p ,3 n ) 66 Ga reactions, which are further measured in the present work Copper-67 has a half-life t 1 / 2 = 61.83 h and emits β − radiation with a mean energy of 141 keV giving a higher linear energy transfer than that of γ -rays with energies of 93.3 keV and 184.6 keV when it decays to 67 Zn