Objective To evaluate the visual acuity and related factors in 70-year-old People in Shanghai Tianlin community.Methods Using the methods of Census.The visual acuity of daily life was checked in elderly people aged 70 in the community and then a thorough ocular examination were performed.The vision was corrected and other necessary examinations were performed if the corrected vision was less than 0.3.The value of visual acuity before and after correction was analyzed.The risk factors which caused the visual acuity decline,low vision and blindness were analyzed.Results Prevalence of low vision was 4.65%(43/925) and blindness was 1.19%(11/925) in 925 persons who were examined.The prevalence of low vision and blindness of female were higher than male,and there were significant difference(6.07% vs.3.13%,1.88% vs.0.45%,P0.05).The prevalence rate was no significant difference in different cultural levels of older people with low vision and blindness(5.59% vs.3.35%,1.49% vs.0.77%,P0.05).The main diseases which caused the visual acuity decline were cataract,retinal disease and macular degeneration.Conclusion It was related with gender in prevalence of low vision and blindness of older people who were 70 years old in Shanghai Tianlin community.In accordance with the main causes of the blindness and low vision,cataract operations should be the main work and give consideration on prevention and treatment of other pathogenic of blindness.


From the conception of the health,it discussed the content of the health,the relation of the body health and the psychological health and its content.It advanced the principle of the movement related to the psychological health.


Specific hydrodynamic characteristic of pump-turbine during the start and load rejection process of generating mode causes anomalous increase of water pressure, along with large machine vibration, called "S" characteristic. The aim of this study is to understand and explain the hydrodynamic performance of pump-turbine at "S" characteristic region by using a model of pump-turbine system. The operation in the condition of runway and low discharge in a typical "S" characteristic curve may become unstable and complex flow appears at the passage of guide vane and impeller. Therefore, velocity and pressure distribution are investigated to give an all-sided explanation of the formation and phenomenon of this characteristic, with the assistance of velocity triangle analysis at the impeller inlet. From this study, the internal flow and pressure fluctuation at the normal, runway and low discharge points are explored, giving a deep description of hydrodynamic characteristic when the pump-turbine system operates with "S" characteristic.


A polynomial equation for the H/sub infinity / optimal control problem is reduced to a nonlinear algebraic equation. Two methods are proposed for solving the algebraic equation. One method uses the singularity of a linear algebraic equation as the optimality index. The other gives an approximate solution by solving an eigenvalue problem. A numerical example is presented. >


We have manufactured an optical filter possessing stepwise spectral transmittance by magnetron sputtering method. There is good agreement between designed and measured transmittance. We expect the actual thickness is close to the design thickness.


Abstract By means of numerical simulations the authors study the scattering of a beam of p-polarized light from a small RMS slope one-dimensional random surface on a semi-infinite metal or n-type semiconductor to which a constant magnetic field is applied. The surface is defined by the equation x 3=ξ(x 1), where the surface profile function ξ(x 1) is a stationary stochastic Gaussian process. The plane of incidence is the x 1 x 3 plane, and the magnetic field is directed along the x 2-axis. In the presence of the magnetic field the dispersion curve for the surface polaritons supported by the surface in the absence of the random roughness becomes non-reciprocal, i.e. the wavenumber k +(ω) for a surface polariton of frequency ω propagating in the +x 1-direction is unequal to the (magnitude of the) wavenumber k −(ω) for a surface polariton of the same frequency propagating in the −x 1-direction. As a consequence of this they find that the peak in the angular distribution of the intensity of the incoherent com...


We present the results of current epidemiological research on the association between ELF magnetic fields and neoplasm. ELF magnetic fields were considered as 'possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B)' by IARC. The evidence was limited to childhood acute leukemia and to chronic leukemia (associated to occupational exposure) in adults.


Spontaneous leak of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the middle ear occurs rarely and can easily be missed, especially in adults. Although the presenting symptoms can be subtle, early suspicion and confirmatory imaging can establish the diagnosis. Most previously reported cases of spontaneous CSF leak into the middle ear occurred on the right side. We report a case of left-sided single-defect spontaneous leak.


The visibility of a scene is degraded by weather phenomena such as rain drizzle, fog and haze. The degradation of image scene is due the substantial presence of particles in the atmosphere that scatter and absorb light. As the light spreads from object to the observer, the color and intensity is changed by the atmospheric particles. In this research, we suggest new methods to precisely detect airlight and correctly estimate the atmospheric veil from image that captured in bad weather. The result of suggested methods will be used in scattering atmospheric model to remove atmospheric particles namely, rain drizzle, fog and haze from a single image. Therefore a higher visibility image will be produced. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i8.2872


The short-term corrosion behavior of Q235 and X70 steel samples buried for one year in the test trench in a typical mountain sierozem area in Calgary,Canada was investigated by corrosion rate measurement,corrosion characteristic observation and analysis through scanning electrochemistry microscopy and X-ray diffraction,and soil physical and chemical properties analysis.It is found that Q235 steel has a close average corrosion rate and maximum pitting corrosion depth to X70 pipeline steel,but the former has an obviously higher pitting density than the latter.The corrosion products of these two metals are similar and mainly composed of FeOOH,Fe2O3 and Fe3O4,and the corrosion product layer is loose with cracks and not able to prevent these metals from corrosion.There are multiplex bacteria,such as sulphate reduction bacteria(SRB),sulphate oxidation bacteria(SOB) and heterotrophic bacteria in the soil attaching to the two steel samples,which are in cooperation to accelerate the occurrence of localized corrosion under the corrosion product layer due to the effects of their metabolic actions on corrosion processes.


Aquaculture has been recognized
as a sunrise industry, registering an
average annual growth of about 9.2 %
since 1970 in comparison to capture
fisheries (1.4 %) and terrestrial farmed
meat production ( 2.8%) (FAO, 2004).
Globally, the annual value of farmed
fish has crossed US $ 50 billion,
Surprisingly, the bulk of the
aquaculture production comes from
the developing low income food deficit
countries


EThis contribution describes the results of the second edition of the shared task on automatic identification of verbal
multiword expressions, organized as part of the LAW-MWE-CxG 2018 workshop, co-located with COLING 2018, concerning both the PARSEME-IT corpus and the systems that took part in the task for the Italian language. The paper will focus on the main advances in comparison to the first edition of the task.


An important activity in requirements engineering is validation, which is the process of checking whether a model correctly represents a piece of reality and the users' requirements. One technique for supporting validation is explanation generation, which combines paraphrasing of a specification with question– answer facilities that interactively support a user in exploring a model. In this paper, we propose an architecture and design principles for constructing explanation generation systems for conceptual models. The architecture is partly based on Toulmin's argumentation model, which provides a framework for structuring arguments and Rhetorical Structure Theory. We argue that Toulmin's argumentation model needs support from a discourse theory like RST to create customized explanations to the user. To each type of explanation there exists a set of appropriate RST relations to be used.


The American culture, particularly the educational and business subcultures, places an inordinate value upon the ability to spell correctly. Students at all levels of our schools are severely penalized for misspelled words in themes and essays which otherwise may be excellent in content. Good spelling is at least as valued an asset in a secretary as shorthand or typing speed. This in spite of the fact that a moderate number of misspelled words in any written communication almost never interferes with understanding. Furthermore, when one wishes to attack the American public schools-and tires of berating them for not teaching Johnny to read-one can always point to the fact that so many of our products cant spell. Upon these two points there seems to be fairly universal agreement: spelling is terribly important, and the schools are not teaching spelling very well. The teaching of spelling in the elementary schools is currently undergoing a change comparable in many respects to the curriculum revolutions in mathematics, science, and the social studies. Many of the new spelling textbooks are now being designed to teach children the relationships between the sounds (phonemes) of American English and the letters (graphemes) which represent these sounds in written form. This trend does not, to be sure, go unchallenged. We have, then, a controversy over the most economical way to teach spelling to children. This controversy has been well described by Albert Yee in his article, "The Generalization Controversy in Spelling" in Elementary English, February, 1966. Briefly recapitulated the two positions may be stated as follows: 1) American English spelling is so arbitrary in its relationship to the pronunciation of words that "rules" or "generalizations" about spelling from sounds to letters are not productive enough to be taught. 2) While it is true that we do not utilize a perfect phonemic alphabet there is enough regularity between sounds and spelling to make teaching spelling generalizations more economical than simply teaching the spelling of each word as the child needs to use it in his writing. Ideally, the answers to such controversial issues should be based upon research, not theory or opinion. One of the basic questions which research can answer is: What is the relationship between sounds and letters in American English? One attempt to answer this particular question was U.S.O.E. Project 1991 conducted at Stanford University under the direction of Paul R. Hanna. The results of


Using a gated intensified change‐coupled device camera sectioned into 10 spatial and 33 spectral subchannels data collection up to 6 Hz repetition rate from the scattered signals of a Nd3+:YAG laser could be handled. This single detection system eases alignment and calibration via Rayleigh scattering. By accumulating up to 1000 Thomson pulse signals first spatial profiles of the electron temperature and electron density were received from a plasma jet. Results are in good agreement with spectroscopic data previously published.


The prevalence of astrovirus infection among children (0–5years) in Niger State was investigated and determined to be 7.6%. Male children had high prevalence (4.6%) compared to their female counterparts (3%). Similarly, children within the age group 0 – 1 year recorded the high (4.04%) prevalence compared to other age groups. It was observed that children from rural areas of the state had prevalence of 5.1% while those from urban areas recorded 2.5%. At the rainy season, the prevalence of infection was 5.6% and in the dry season the prevalence was low (2.0%). Chi square test revealed that there was no link between sex, age, location of residence, seasonal variation and astrovirus infection among children in Niger State. Hospital and community base studies should be encouraged in order to ascertain the true picture of the prevalence. Keywords: Epidemiology, Astrovirus, Children, Gastroenteritis, Prevalence, Infection.


Readers of the Elementary School Journal last month had the opportunity to consider two recent efforts by school groups to improve methods of reporting to parents. Louis Romano told how the Shorewood (Wisconsin) schools sought to find out what parents in their community wanted to know about their children's progress in school. Gaither McConnell, of Tulane University, reported a second study, similar in nature. A current publication from the University of Texas, written by Henry J. Otto, Malvin G. Bowden, M. Vere DeVault, Joseph J. Kotrlik, and James A. Turman, summarizes a study of Four Methods of Reporting to Parents (Bureau of Laboratory Schools, Publication No. 7. Austin, Texas: University of Texas, 1957. $2.00). As the investigators indicate, little research has been conducted in this


A thesis submitted to the Board of Postgraduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah
University of Science and Technology, Kumasi in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in
Development Policy Planning, 2002


AbstractEstimating reliable projections of precipitation considering climate change scenarios is important for hydrological studies. General circulation models provide future climate simulations at...


A well documented case of complete superior vena caval obstruction by malignant mediastinal tumor is described.Three of the possible venous collateral pathways are demonstrated by bilateral arm venography. Of added interest is the incidental partial demonstration of the collateral flow during infusion pyelography.We were unable to find as detailed an anatomic demonstration of the collateral circulation in the literature in a single patient.


The land tenure in the Sahel region of Africa features an imbrication of norms and authorities mixing informal local practices (admitted by populations) and legal regulations reinforcing the State power on most of the land. This pluralism regarding land regulation persists because it continues to make sense for the actors. According to their specific and diversified perceptions, and to what they mobilize and interpret, actors (users and regulating authorities) give sense to a plurality of land regulations. This paper first proposes an analytical framework providing a conceptualisation of the actors' perceptions diversity and a plurality of land regulations for the access to natural resources. Then it presents the results of a test of this analytical framework with fieldwork in Senegal.


Seth Baum suggests that my claim that it is better never to come into existence "can readily be rejected not just out of reflexive distaste for the claim but also out of sound ethical reasoning". In my reply, I argue that Mr Baum fails to state accurately what my arguments are, and then attempts to refute them by association with other views that he dismisses perfunctorily. Where he does actually engage in my views, his response is effectively merely to assert the opposite.


The presented research aims to determine the key problems of developing Krasnodar urban agglomeration and the political and administrative resources necessary to resolve them. The main blocks of problems include: defining the subjects of development and the structure of their interests, delimitation of the agglomeration; choosing a model for managing agglomeration; coordination of development goals. The structure of regulating contradictions and tools for this activity have been developed. The contradictions and risks influencing the development of agglomeration is revealed. Possible directions conclude that it is necessary to use a public nature's political and administrative resources to overcome the problems that arise at the present stage of the Krasnodar urban agglomeration development. This would make it possible to move from a spontaneous development to an orderly one and minimize the risks of destructive conflicts. Methodologically, the research is based on the neo-institutional approach's postulates and the theory of conflict in its political and administrative aspects. The study's empirical part was based on primary data from open sources and developed by authors, an expert survey toolkit in semi-formalized interviews. interviews based on the development problems identified during the analysis. The interview's topic guide includes several blocks of questions (the main subjects of the development of the agglomeration; the boundaries of the agglomeration; the model of managing the agglomeration; development problems and resources, development conflicts, development scenarios).


s of recently accepted papers Chemical Evolution in Pre-Protostellar and Protostellar Cores Edwin A. Bergin and William D. Langer 1 Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics MS-66, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1596, USA 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA Preprints available on the WWW at http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/∼ebergin/ or by request: email@example.com The chemistry of developing and collapsing low mass protostellar cores is followed using a chemical code with a time varying density. Two evolutionary scenarios are represented, gravitational collapse in the presence of magnetic fields and the slow core growth by accretion near equilibrium. The chemical code includes gas phase reactions and depletion onto grains with both CO and H2O ice mantles. We find that various species will selectively deplete from the gas phase at times which correspond to the middle−late stages of dynamical evolution when the densities are highest. These depletions do not depend in detail on the dynamical solution and should exist for any centrally condensed density profile. Sulfur-bearing molecules are particularly sensitive to the density increase: CS, SO, and C2S show significant depletions both on a strongly bound water mantle and on the weakly bound CO covered grain surface. In contrast, CO and HCO show large depletions only for a H2O grain mantle, and remain in the gas phase for models with CO grain mantles. Two species, NH3 and N2H, do not deplete from the gas phase for the densities considered in our models. We also find that for very high densities, nH2 > 10 6 cm−3, depletion becomes important for all molecules. The effects of coupling chemistry and dynamics on the resulting physical evolution are discussed. We compare our results to current high resolution observations of pre-protostellar cores and to more evolved objects, and suggest that ratios of the abundances of few species can be used in concert with our models as sensitive discriminators between different stages of core and star formation. Accepted by Ap.J. (Sept. 1, 1997 issue) Properties of the Monoceros R2 Stellar Cluster John M. Carpenter, Michael R. Meyer, Catherine Dougados, Stephen E. Strom, and Lynne A. Hillenbrand 1 Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 2 Max–Planck–Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, Heidelberg, Germany D–69117 3 Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Université Joseph Fourier, B.P. 53X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France 4 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA 5 Dept. of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA E-mail contact: email@example.com We present an extensive study of the stellar population of an embedded cluster in the MonR2 molecular cloud based upon a wide field (∼ 15′ x 15′) J, H, and K band mosaic, deep near–infrared imaging at J, H, K, and nbL′ bands of the central cluster region, and spectroscopic observations of 34 stars. By comparing the properties of the MonR2 cluster with other star forming regions, we ultimately hope to learn how the properties and formation of stars of various masses are related to the local physical conditions. The K band star counts indicate that the MonR2 cluster extends over a ∼ 1.1 pc x 2.1 pc area with a FWHM cluster size of ∼ 0.38 pc. Within this region the cluster contains ∼ 309


All students and scholars with an interest in Conrad and in American literature will welcome this bibliographical study, which grew out of "two sessions to investigate the relationship between Conrad and American writers" held during the Joseph Conrad Society of America's Ninth Annual meeting in December 1983. I turned to the work with keen interest because I once began a dissertation on Conrad and Faulkner, have taught American literature for over twenty years and, at various times, have taught Conrad alongside such figures as Dostoevsky, James, Faulkner and the Edwardians. Moreover, my recent work on the "sources" of Under Western Eyes has led me to read Polish and Russian literature and social, political and intellectual history (in translation); and through my interest in Under Western Eyes as a "political novel" to reconsider its (possible) "relations" through genre, themes, ideology and use of a divided central character with, say, The Blithedale Romance, The Princess Casamassima, A Tale of Two Cities, Sentimental Education , The Devils , and Smoke and Virgin Soil. That my interests coincide with the bibliographers explains in part why I dwell at length upon their study. That my review falls into two unequal sections reflects my admiration for Secor and Moddelmog's careful organization and sheer industry and, more importantly, both ray quarrel with their motivating thesis and, relatedly, my disappointment that they fail to confront or clarify the methodological difficulties we all encounter when working on a writer's "affinities, influences and relations".


It is an object of the present invention to provide an absorbent article with the side with the heat-sealable fibrous layer which is located on the opposite surface side is difficult to have a compressed state in the thickness direction at the time of a hot-air spray surface material and it is a hot air spray. Is a hot air spray surface member having a surface of the surface comprises a heat-sealable fibers fusing a fibrous web and a hot-air spray and the other way around, is located on the spray side, the hot air is sprayed from the side to reduce the impact on the opposite surface side and the first layer has a hot-air buffer action, and a second layer positioned on the opposite surface side. The thermoplastic resin, the thermally adhesive fiber


Given its catastrophic consequences, the extinction of apex predators has long been of interest to modern ecology. Despite major declines, no present‐day species of marine apex predator has yet become extinct. Because of their vulnerability, understanding the mechanisms leading to their extinction in the past could provide insight into the natural factors that interact with human threats to drive their loss. We studied the geographical distribution patterns of the extinct macro‐predatory shark Carcharocles megalodon in order to elucidate its pathway to extinction.


The research objective of this chapter is to offer research
pesumption on the way students with autism spectrum disorders
learn English language. There are many differences in
individual learners. Some of them are excellent in English and
some are not able to learn the language. Some strategies and
specific approaches for mainstream and special classes'
teachers as well as parents are presented.


Suppressed trees growing under the canopy of mature forests exceed the number of tall, dominant individuals by far. This paper focuses on the wood structure of suppressed trees modified by light shortage. Secondly, the growth dynamics of suppressed deciduous trees within two sites was reconstructed by internal (tree rings) and external (bud scale scars) age determination. The social status of each specimen within the natural regeneration changes with time. Suppressed plants could once have held higher-ranking positions and individuals suffering from periods of suppression are able to recover after light conditions improve. This is an important process for the long-term survival strategy of shade tolerant tree species. Wood anatomy modified by suppression provides additional information on tree growth through the following properties: low percentage of pores in earlywood, changed distribution of pores, indistinct or absent growth ring boundaries, discontinuous growth rings. The low percentage of pores in earlywood may be a means of identifying light shortage in deciduous trees.


Objective: To reveal the different responsive ability to epidermal growth factor(EGF) between normal liver cells and hepatoma cells, and the effects of EGF on ras gene expression in these cell lines. Methods: Western Western blot analysis was used to analyze the expression of p21~(ras) in normal liver cell line L-02 and hepatoma cell line Hep-G2. Results: The expression of p21~(ras) has been detected in both cell lines and image analysis showed that the p21~(ras) level in Hep-G2 cell was higher than that in L-02 cell before EGF stimulation. After 2 weeks of EGF stimulation, p21~(ras). expression in Hell-G2 cell continually increased and the expression curve was steep, while the increase of p21~(ras) was slower in L-02 cell and the expression level reach plateau after 4 weeks of stimulation. Conclusion: Both in normal liver cells and hepatoma cells the expression of ras gene can be effected by EGF. But the responsive ability to EGF is different between the two cell lines. The higher expression level of ras gene in hepatoma cells is perhaps relevant to lack of all efficacious feedback in the cells. The continuous increase of ras gene expression might be an important reason leading to the loss of control of cell proliferation.


Introduction:
 Heart Failure (HF) affects 6 million people in the US and costs $30.7B/year. Prior studies have shown declines in hospitalization rates, length of stay (LOS), and mortality for HF patients, but it is unclear if these trends hold true for both systolic HF (SHF) and diastolic HF (DHF). To better assess the epidemiological and economic burden of HF, we assessed the trends in LOS, mortality, and cost for both SHF and DHF.

 Methods:
 We identified hospitalizations for SHF (primary diagnosis ICD-9 codes 428.1, 428.2x, 428.4x or 428.9) and DHF (code 428.3x) from 2004 to 2014 in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). National estimates were calculated using the NIS sampling weights. LOS, in-patient mortality, charges, demographics, and co-morbidities were abstracted.

 Results:
 We found an overall decreasing trend in LOS for HF, with LOS declining more sharply for DHF than for SHF hospitalizations (Cuzick test; Table 1 and Fig. 1). In 2014, LOS for DHF was on average 4.1 hours shorter than for SHF (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5 - 4.6h). Inpatient mortality decreased despite an increase in number of co-morbidities for both groups, but in 2014 the odds of a patient dying with SHF were higher than for DHF (odds ratio 1.16, CI (1.14, 1.17). Total charges increased for SHF but remained relatively unchanged for DHF. In 2014, a hospitalization for SHF cost on average $10,349 more than for DHF (p<0.001).

 Conclusion:
 While DHF costs have remained relatively unchanged, SHF costs have risen between 2004 and 2014 despite an overall decrease in LOS and concurrent decline in inpatient mortality. This cost increase may have resulted, in part, from increased use of advanced support devices in these patients. Further studies will be needed to identify the reasons for increased cost of care such as use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices.


In the process of enterprises' reform,the work of union labor protection should participate in management,center round human-orientation,strengthen employees' sense of safety,care about the safety and health of workers from other parts of the country,enhance supervision,demonstrate the function of maintaining rights and give full play to maintain employees' safety and healthy rights.


The basionyms for Kalmia buxifolia and K. procumbens are cited in order to make the previously published new combinations valid.


On the premise of image binary,image contour is obtained by means of an improved algorithm based on region growing,image correction can be completed.It can overcome the shortage that massive black pixels appear in the fisheye image circular outline area and make the statistical algorithm fail.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has advantage of high precision and high efficiency,satisfactory results are obtained.


The present invention discloses a method for preparing the coating and the sealing strip, wherein the coating comprises a film-forming substance and a solvent, the film-forming material comprising a polyurethane resin, the present invention provides a coating for enhanced coating the sealing strip flexibility of the layer, aging resistance, further, an acrylic resin added to enhance the coating hardness, solvent resistance, resistance to yellowing, add silicone resin to enhance the coatings weatherability, heat resistance, flexibility, anti- dirt holding capacity is added to the epoxy resin coating to enhance adhesion and weather-resistant coating layer of the sealing strip surface, instead of organic solvent to aqueous solvent, with environmental protection.


The primary focus of this study was to understand the workplace stress by exploring the effects of organisational culture and stress on employee commitment. The attempt was to bridge the gap among organisational culture, workplace stress and employee commitment. Although the concepts of organizational culture and stress have been well researched upon in the past, a few studies provide detailed insights into the interplay among the concepts of organisational culture, workplace stress and commitment. This investigation therefore understood this interplay within pharmaceutical industries located in two districts: Solan and Sirmour in the state of Himachal Pradesh. The questionnaire was used to gather data from the staff through survey by using a questionnaire. The analysis of statistical results interestingly reveals that the pharmaceutical industry exhibits a hierarchical culture that is supportive. The staffs have too much work to do with less time for the accomplishment. The assessment of employee commitment further revealed that the employees were pleased with the reward system of the industry. The relationship among organisational culture, stress and commitment was significant. The study suggests that there is a need to change the work load policy, reduce the stress levels of the employees and improve the organisational commitment of the employees.


The invention relates to a Chinese herbal medicinal formula-containing health tofu skin and a production technology thereof. The health tofu skin contains Chinese herbal medicines, perfumes and auxiliary materials. The Chinese herbal medicines and the perfumes are to a tofu solidification liquid which is used for preparing the tofu skin and plays an important role in curdling, the Chinese herbal medicines and the perfumes are added to an aqueous solution for immersing beans in the immersion step, and the auxiliary materials are added to a bean milk which is obtained through a grinding process and is used for preparing the tofu skin. The Chinese herbal medicines, the perfumes and the vegetables are added in the processing process of the tofu skin, so components of various vitamins and the like contained in the health tofu skin are increased; and components of pigments, various additives, chemical minor mineral matters and the like are not added in the production technology of the health tofu skin, so the health tofu skin is a healthy and green food which has a delicious taste and a bright color, and can treat and prevent diseases.


Many coal seams contain coalbed methane (CBM) yet most of the world's production comes from the San Juan Basin in the United States. In fact CBM production from this basin of about 0.9 tcf/yr accounts for about 80% of the CBM production in the US (1.2 tcf/yr) and about 60% of world production. Success in the San Juan Basin is not because of increased gas content in the coals compared to coals in other basins, rather it is because of permeability. Permeability of CBM through coal seams is generally the most important coal seam property affecting the viability of a CBM field and it is controlled mainly by the degree of cleat development. Cleats are orthogonal closely spaced tension fractures characteristic of coal seams and their importance in controlling permeability in coal seams is documented and discussed in numerous papers.


Depending on the details of the composite microstructure, different theories may be needed to obtain good agreement with measured elastic properties. This observation is especially pertinent whenever porosity is present in the composite, as is normally true for rocks. Predictions of two effective medium theories are compared to data for porous glass samples. The differential effective medium (DEM) theory does a good job of predicting elastic behavior of a porous foam composed of glass. The self-consistent (SC) effective medium theory does equally well at predicting the behavior of a sintered glass-bead sample. We find that the realizable microstructure of each theoretical model is a good analog of the microstructure for one or the other of these two very different porous glasses. Hashin`s composite spheres assemblage model is also found to be a good model of the porous glass foam.


This bachelor thesis deals with economic performance analysis of ZD Klenovice na Hane in the years 2000- 2010. It comprises of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical one aims to characterise methods which were used in this research. Further, particular analyses which form the overall strategic analysis are described in this part. The practical part pro-vides the reader with a brief introduction of ZD Klenovice na Hane which is followed by strategic analysis itself. Finally, the current strategy is described and suggestion of future possible strategies is provided. The primary aim of this paper is to propose measures based on analyses of economic indicators leading to increased efficiency of ZD Klenovice na Hane.


Alcohol abuse has been a matter of concern among university students in many countries including Germany (Martin et al., 2009; Health, 2006; Collins & Lapsley 2008; Lewis & Thombs 2005). It has several negative consequences which include violent assaults, accidents, vomiting, unprotected sex, unwanted sex, fatalities, drunk driving, injuries, and suicide (Ray, Turrisi, Abar, & Peters, 2009; Wilson, Pritchard, & Schaffer, 2004). The belief that people hold about the effects of drinking alcohol is called alcohol expectancies (Shell, Newman, & Xiaoyi, 2010; George et al., 1995). Positive alcohol expectancies include beliefs that drinking will result in increased level of assertiveness, increased sociability, enjoyable, and tension reduction; and negative expectancies include increased risk and aggression, and negative self-perception (Zamboanga & Ham, 2008; Bot, Engels, & Knibbe, 2005; Barnow et al., 2004). Expectancies of adolescents are associated with drinking and alcohol consumption levels when adolescents start drinking (Bot et al., 2005). The level of self-esteem, on the other hand, can go up and down based on the individual's perceptions of success or failure (Heatherton & Polivy, 1991). A person with high self-esteem has 'self-respect, considers himself a person of worth' and the person with low self-esteem 'means that the individual lacks respect for himself and considers himself unworthy' (Rosenberg, 1979, p. 54). Those individuals who have a low self-esteem and are experiencing some kind of stress or anxiety tend to use alcohol to relax and cope with anxiety (Glindemann, Geller, & Fortney, 1999). However, the studies based on self-reported drinking, alcohol expectancies, levels of self-esteem and consequences are 'limited or contradictory or otherwise inconclusive' (Glindermann et al., 1999, p. 61). Therefore, this study investigates the following research questions: RQ1: What are the key dimensions of university students' alcohol expectancies? RQ2: Is there a relationship between university students' alcohol expectancies and their self-esteem? And, RQ3: Is there a relationship between university students' alcohol expectancies and consequences?


The pressure responding theoretical models are got for two intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric fiber pressure sensors fabricated by single mode and multimode fibers with different diameters. The pressure response curves are simulated by Matlab programs. The analysis showed that the sensitivity changing situation is different for two structures. The big size structure has a critical point of sensitivity. Higher sensitivity can be got by two structures, but the small size structure is more attractive than the big size structure.


The Vietnamese nation consists of fifty-four ethnicities where the folk culture and arts have played an important and dominating role in the life of its people. This paper discusses some of the main issues as follows: First, the folk culture and arts are closely linked with the activities of everyday life. When the society changes, its folk culture, the arts entities have to redefine its values. Elements either disappear or participate in the restructuring of contemporary culture. Then secondly, for the cultural heritages we have to preserve and promote them in their original form if they are quintessential and change those that are changeable. Vietnam inherits both of the above two categories and they provide the basis upon which to compose new ones. The necessary actions should include: restoring the heritages forms and transmitting them to younger people, conducting an inventory, establish a databank, and periodically organize festivals and competitions.


This Matlab script illustrates the concepts and methods presented in J. Nowotarski, R. Weron (2016) "On the importance of the long-term seasonal component in day-ahead electricity price forecasting", Energy Economics 57, 228-235 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2016.05.009) and together with the accompanying codes and data files can be used to replicate the Figures and Tables in the text. To obtain all entries in Table 1, change arxFlag, seasFlag and smoothing parameters. The function scar.m can be used to calibrate both the newly introduced Seasonal Component AutoRegressive class of models (SCAR, SCARX), as well as the classical AR and ARX models. The zip file includes one script (main.m), one m-file (scar.m) and three data files.


ONE TASK OF any philosopher who holds that the human soul survives .separation from its body is to resolve the dilemma of death: to assign consistent meanings, in terms of both intelligibility and value, to both of our lives, the here and the hereafter. If primacy is given to this life, death easily becomes an inexplicable disaster. If separation is our truly meaningful state, then this life is easily reduced to the trivial or even to evil. Both views have serious moral conse·quences. The first, as Heidegger has shown, raises the threat of final meaninglessness so that even bodily life can become humanly unlivable. The second is the root of that contemptus mundi which overlooks social injustice and other forms of human suffering. The novelty of Thomas Aquinas's view of the unity of man, which defines the intellectual soul as the one and only substantial form of the body, has long been well recognized.1 One question that has drawn little explicit attention from his interpreters, however, is whether his view of death is consistent with his view that the natural, humanly good way for a soul to exist is as the form of matter.2 This paper attempts an introductory


An innovative method of taking attendance in a class has been proposed in this paper. This method has been implemented with encouraging output in an international college in China. The innovative method is much faster in comparison with the conventional way of attendance taking. Nonetheless, the method is prone to some constraints. Pros and cons of the method are discussed to enable the right application at the right environment.


This article analyses the way newspapers and journalists sometimes fail to acknowledge and resolve some of the contentious ethical dilemmas associated with reporting news. Its focus is on not exploiting and vilifying the vulnerable, especially people with mental illness, through sensationalism and inaccurate and imprecise use of medical terminology such as "psycho ". "schizo" or "lunatic ". Because ethics is central to our understanding of professionalism, this article uses professions and professionalism as benchmarks aginst which to analyse and critique how journalists and newspapers define and report news.Sometimes journalists fail the test of good ethical practice in terms of negative. outdated and inaccurate expressions they use in the news stories they report. Likewise, regulators of news industry standards appear not to recognize and sanction such reporting. The apparent inability to resolve these ethical dilemmas creates a context conducive to tolerance for, not acceptance of. unethical news reporting.


Seepage was found at the downstream face and gallery after impounding at a roller compacted concrete dam.For safe operation,counter-measures were carried out.This paper introduced the examination,test,construction and effect of brush,for reference.


Highly crystalline and aromatic nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) which demonstrate unparalleled electrochemical sensing properties toward nitroaromatics were made from a single source, polyaniline (PANI), by a simple hydrothermal synthetic strategy. The higher sensitivity and the effective differentiation between different nitro compounds exhibited by the N-GQD is evidence of its potential as a sensor for nitro compounds, especially the nitroaromatics. The N-GQD modified glassy carbon electrode (N-GQD/GCE) exhibited record sensitivity for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 0.2 ppb (∼200 ng/l or 1 nM), which is the lowest of the reported values, the previous lowest is in micromolar (μM) levels and extended the remarkable sensing property in real water samples as well. The superior and selective sensing behavior of N-GQD toward TNP and other nitroaromatics is assigned to the richly N-doped aromatic structure of the N-GQD from the precursor PANI, which can possi...


The role of cortisol on the osmoregulation of pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis at different salinities was investigated in adult fish injected with 0.7mg hydrocortisone per 100g body weight of fish, and transferred to 0, 5 and 20ppt of NaCl. Blood cortisol was 566ng/ml at the beginning of the experiment (0h) but surged to 1250ng/ml within 3h in cortisol-injected fish. Cortisol levels were influenced not only by treatment but also by time, being higher at 3h compared to 24h. Salinity level, time of exposure and their interaction, but not cortisol treatment, significantly affected plasma osmolality and the concentration of ions Cl and Na. This study showed that exogenous cortisol does not seem to play a significant role on the regulation of plasma osmolality and concentration of individual ions in pejerrey.


Stresses in the single bayed three spar box beam are obtained from Eqs. (2.5), (2.6) and so on . By transforming them into Eqs . (2.25), (2.26), the higher approximation is given as expressed by Eqs. (2.32), (2.33) and reduced to Eqs . (2.35), (2.36). Hence the deviation stresses. from 0approximation are approximately proportional to γ. See Fig. 2 and Eq. (2.15). Torsion center is expressed rigorously by Eq. (3.4), and approximated by Eq. (3.8). Hence , torsion center is positioned not at γ=0 , but generally deviates backward by the effect of V, Higher approximation is given by Eq (3 .11). See Fig. 3 and Eqs. (2.16), (2.17) . The method described above indicates the good guide line for treating the stresses in the sweptback three spars box beam . 1. 緒 言 3本 桁箱型梁は隔壁構造 の基本形で,す で に解明 さ れてい るべ き基本問題だが,そ の複雑性 のため ,案 外 * 昭和52年8月25日 原稿受理 ** 東海大学工学部航空宇宙学科


As a departure from classic cylindrical or prismatic battery packaging approaches, Electro Energy, Inc. (EEI) has developed a flat wafer cell design for the nickel-metal hydride and Li-Ion chemistries. This design results in a battery that eliminates the need for conventional terminals, tabs, current collectors, and cell containers, thus reducing system weight and volume, or increasing energy, when compared to conventionally designed batteries of the respective chemistries. In addition, because in a stacked wafer cell design the battery current flows in a direction normal to the plane of the electrodes, the overall battery impedance is reduced, making this design particularly effective for high-voltage, high-power applications. Through continued programs with the Department of Energy and Sandia National Laboratories, EEI has developed and demonstrated high-power and high-energy bipolar wafer cell nickel metal hydride batteries to meet the broad requirements of energy storage for stationary utility applications. Through this work, unique manufacturing processes have been developed, and high-energy and high-power systems have been built and tested with favorable results. The technology has also been demonstrated in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) applications, which are bridging the gap between stationary and transportation applications. PHEVs not only provide fuel savings and environmental benefits, but could also serve as mobile UPS and peak shaving systems when connected to the grid. EEI is developing an aftermarket HEV-to-PHEV conversion package that would incorporate the NiMH or Li-Ion battery designs. Grid connected capabilities will also be investigated. In this paper, we will discuss developments made with both the NiMH and Li-Ion designs, as well as the application designs and testing of 600 V high-energy Inverter systems and PHEV systems. Introduction As the energy and power requirements of society become increasingly more demanding, and the concerns of energy costs and pollution become more prevalent, advanced rechargeable batteries provide the ability to address these issues. From a stationary application standpoint, these batteries can function as an energy reservoir, a back-up source of energy, or provide peaking energy when a demand for electrical power exceeds primary generating capabilities. In the transportation market, advanced rechargeable batteries have lead to the introduction of hybrid electric (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), which has resulted in significant increases in gas mileage, and enables a reduced dependency on foreign oil and environmentally harmful fossil fuels. In addition, PHEVs could also serve as mobile UPS and peak shaving systems when connected to the grid. This concept is bridging the gap between the stationary and transportation energy market. Available rechargeable batteries generally fall short of the required mix of characteristics necessary to make these systems competitive with alternative approaches with regard to performance and economics. However, through EEI's advanced product line and domestic high-volume manufacturing capabilities, EEI has positioned itself in the market to satisfy the increasing rechargeable battery needs for these energy storage markets. EEI's flat wafer cell design, shown in Figure 1, for the nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) and Li-Ion chemistries offers significant advantages over existing battery designs. It results in a battery that eliminates the need for conventional terminals, tabs, current collectors, and cell containers. When compared to conventionally designed batteries of the respective chemistries, this design reduces system weight and volume, while providing equivalent or increased energy. In addition, a stacked wafer cell design allows the battery current to flow in a direction normal to the plane of the electrodes. Therefore, the overall battery impedance is reduced, making this design particularly effective for high-voltage, high-power applications. This is illustrated in Figure 2. 1 Funded in part by the Energy Storage Systems Program of the U.S. Department Of Energy (DOE/ESS) through Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Figure 1: Schematic of EEI's Bipolar Wafer Cell Figure 2: Current Flow in the Bipolar Cell Stack Figure 3 shows a bipolar, wafer NiMH cell, while Figure 4 shows a wafer Li-Ion cell. Individual flat wafer cells are constructed with outer contact faces having one positive electrode, a separator, and one negative electrode. The contact faces serve to contain the cell and make electrical contact with the positive and negative electrodes. The contact faces are sealed around the perimeter to contain the electrolyte. To fabricate a multicell battery, identical cells are stacked one on top of each other such that the positive face of one cell contacts the negative face of the adjacent cell, thus making a series connected battery. The current is collected at the ends of the cell stack. Structural integrity of the cell stack is obtained by housing the stack in an outer container, which holds the cells in compression [1]. Figure 3: EEI Bipolar, Wafer NiMH Cell Figure 4: EEI Wafer Li-Ion Cell Wafer Cell Bipolar NiMH Battery Improvements Through continued programs with the Department of Energy (DOE) and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), EEI has developed and demonstrated the high-power and high-energy wafer cell bipolar nickel metal hydride batteries, and significant recent improvements have been realized. EEI has focused on improving cell and battery components to meet the high performance requirements of stationary and transportation applications. For the high power design, the baseline cell has a capacity of 7 Ah and an active electrode area of 72 in. It


Print shows a man at center, assumed to be Davy Crockett, standing on a busy commercial street, offering one man a drink and another man tobacco, while campaigning for political office. Two dogs have stopped to observe. Includes lengthy text of an interview between "B" and the "Col." wherein Crockett describes his electioneering method; citing as the source, the "Life of David Crockett."
Title from item.
Printed at top: Sporting Anecdotes. Plate 19.
(DLC/PP-2001:068).
Forms part of: Marian S. Carson collection at the Library of Congress.


In this paper, we mainly concern about nonlinear BSDE which is often used to describe the case of constraint on the wealth of an investor. Unlike the linear case, we can show that under a certain situation, both buyer and seller can create arbitrage opportunities in the derivative market. We utilize the relation between BSDE and PDE in order to obtain a boundary of solution. As a result, we succeeded in establishing a sufficient condition which guarantees the existence of arbitrage opportunities in the market as well as the limitation of an arbitrage.


Introduction: Division of research and development to produce performance played a central role in the form of technological innovation cultivation of sugar cane and innovation performance of the global industrial competition. Required organizational climate that support performance improvement and business development research staff. Mutual support and encouragement in every settlement between management and employees work will provide a comfortable atmosphere in the performance of employees. High motivation for staff to be able to grow a maximum potential and competence of employees wants to work hard to realize the company's strategic objectives.Methods: To examine these issues, a questionnaire distributed to 35 staff in research and development of PTPNXI (Persero). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS analysis techniques. Results: The results showed that the significant effect of organizational climate on employee performance. Thus a good organizational climate will cause the employee improve performance. Good organizational climate and always oriented employment relationship in shaping the behavior of employees can motivate employees that will result in optimal performance of employees at work.Conclusion and suggestion: Managerial advice to do is apply organizational climate in PTPN XI (Persero) staff research and development efforts should be made clear again that the work climate that is able to adapt to the situation and condition of the employee. The next suggestion, leaders continue to increase employee motivation by not ignoring the rights and interests of employees as provide promotional opportunities, improved employee supervision system, increase confidence in the leadership, and maintain harmonious relationships between colleagues.


The Essex County Juvenile Clinic serves children who are "problems"-thumbsuckers, bedwetters, the shy, truants, runaways, etc. These are referred to the Clinic by courts, schools, social agencies, and parents themselves. Of the last one hundred who came to us only forty-five were living with their own parents. At first sight it would appear that there must be some dreadfully important relationship between family breakdown and the appearance of conduct disorders in children.


Abstract Objectives Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder marked by massive cytokine release from macrophage and T-cell activation. Hallmarks include fever, splenomegaly, cytopenias, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogemia, and elevations in ferritin and soluble IL-2 receptor. Given the association of HLH with inflammation and glucocorticoid therapy, the development of hyperglycemia is not unexpected. Descriptions of the prevalence of secondary diabetes in youth diagnosed with HLH are lacking. Methods Retrospective review from 2010 through 2019 of hospitalized youth 0–21 years diagnosed with HLH. The primary outcome of interest was the development of secondary diabetes, defined as a serum glucose 200 mg/dL or higher necessitating insulin therapy. Results Of 28 patients with HLH, 36 % (n=10) developed secondary diabetes. The only risk factor associated with secondary diabetes was an infectious cause of HLH (60 % vs. 27.8 %, p 0.041). Intravenous regular insulin was used in 80 % of patients with a mean duration of 9.5 days (2–24 days). Most (70 %) needed insulin within 5 days of starting steroids. Stays in the ICU were longer (median 20 vs. 3 days, p 0.007) and intubation more likely (90 vs. 45 %, p 0.041) among those with secondary diabetes. Mortality was high (16–30 %) regardless of insulin use (p 0.634). Conclusions One-third of hospitalized pediatric patients with HLH developed secondary diabetes requiring insulin therapy. Insulin is typically started within 5 days of initiating steroids, limited to IV infusions, and often is not needed by discharge. Secondary diabetes was associated with longer ICU stays and heightened risk of intubation.


Lorenz von Stein made in 1850 the prediction concerning the future social and political development of France and of modern Europe: Democracy's transition to the new guise is already implicit in the watchword of social democracy. His prognosis is systematic, reasoned, the outcome of the theoretically apprehended historical movement of state and society, and that in terms of its structural core became a paradigm for modern Europe. No lengthy interpretation is needed to reveal just how accurately this forecast captures the reality of the modern welfare State: Justification of the state less on constitutional grounds than on the basis of active social provision by government, the way in which the substances of politics is determined by the social sphere, the promotion of welfare and a fair share in the social product as the means of securing real freedom, the progressive dissolution of traditional political structures in conjunction with the development of social structures, these are all crucial hallmarks of the welfare state as we see it around us today. Stein's theory for social development was a monarchy of social reform. Without entering into direct conflict with constitutionalism and the ruling class, it had spontaneously to utilize its superior position to work towards social reform, to rise up the lower class and lead it in the direction of social equality and the opportunity of education and ownership. The more monarchy did this, the more the dependent class would come to see it as its natural protector and helper, and the more it would become a social power. The ruling class, preserved from social revolution, would eventually recognize that its own true interest lay in the same quarter.


Monodispersed nanocrystalline CeO2 powders of size
ca. 2.0 nm displaying quantum size effects have been prepared by
microwave irradiation in an aqueous solution containing
(NH4)2Ce(NO3)6, PEG and
NaAc.


Let X1, . . . , Xn and Y1, . . . , Yn be two independent sequences of i.i.d Bernoulli variables with parameter > 0. Let X designate the string X := X1X2 . . . Xn and let Y := Y1Y2 . . . Yn. Let Ln designate the length of the longest common subsequence (LCS) of X and Y . We prove that for a constant c > 0, VAR[Ln] > cn if > 0 is taken small enough. Hence for small , the order of magnitude of VAR[Ln] is Θ(n). For small , this rejects the Chvatal-Sankoff conjecture that VAR[Ln] = o(n 2 3 ) in [7] and answers to Waterman's question, whether the linear bound on VAR[Ln] can be improved [14].


In the six decades since Otto Dempwolff published the third and final volume of his foundation-laying Vergleichende Lautlehre des austronesischen Wortschatzes (1934-38), objections have been raised against various features of his "Uraustronesisch," a reconstructed language equivalent to what is now called ProtoMalayo-Polynesian (PMP). Some of these objections appear in the early work of Isidore Dyen, who corrected fundamental problems in Dempwolff's reconstruction of the "laryngeals" and advocated a more practical orthography. During the I970s and I98os, John Wolff proposed that scholars jettison certain of Dempwolff's consonant distinctions, most notably Proto-Austronesian (PAN) *r, *d, *c, *z, *g, and *T (summarized in Wolff I988). Despite these proposed modifications of the consonant system, until now the vowels and diphthongs have remained essentially beyond reproach.' Clynes (1997:347), however, has recently argued against the reconstruction of diphthongs in the phoneme inventory of Proto-Austronesian: "They have an extremely restricted distribution, being posited to have occurred only in absolute morpheme-final position-in for example PMP *lakaw 'walk, go', *balay 'public building', PAN *baliw 'moiety', *babuy 'pig'.... The putative diphthongs are moreover unusual: they differ in structure both from the generally accepted notion of a diphthong, and also from other interpretations, such as that of the U.S. structuralist tradition.... Indeed if they do exist, they constitute a complex segment not to my knowledge reported elsewhere in the phonological literature."2


In this paper, based on the fluid flow method, a model for multiplexing several ON/OFF traffics has been developed by theoretical analysis to investigate the performance of multiplexed traffics with different priority classes. The QoS parameters such as queue length and packets loss probability has been discussed and the results with priority classes and those with no priority have been compared too.


Abstract : The ultra-broadband (UB) radiation source that is being developed at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has the potential to become a versatile source of radiation for active remote sensing of chemical hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) at extended distances. However, before the realization of this important application of the radiation source, some of the practical issues involved in the research and development of the technique of UB generation and HAP detection have to be looked at. These issues include the list of possible candidate HAPs for the present wavelength range of the UB radiation and the various background noise level and the related signal-to-noise ratios. This report will provide a semiquantitative analysis of these issues and provide discussions on some of the complexities that still need to be resolved.


With his concept of social capital, Robert Putnam revived the research on patterns of political culture in comparative political science in the early 1990s. Having conditioned good governance on the degree of citizens' engagement in societal life, Putnam inspired a new research field investigating social trust, norms of reciprocity and networks of civic engagement. The prominence of Putnam's work, however, emanates partly from his failure to specify the nature and form of "civicness" and to theorise the interaction between society and the government. This review summarizes different strands of literature on the direction of causality.
While trust and networks of voluntary associations crystallize as the primary constituents of social capital, their relationship to democratic quality remains underspecified. Nevertheless, the combination of society- and institutional-centred accounts appears to be the most promising research avenue in this context.


Non-c-axis-oriented ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) epitaxial thin films with (103) orientation have been grown by pulsed laser deposition on buffered Si(100) substrates. For the buffer layers, a heterostructure consisting of MgO(111)/YSZ(100)/Si(100) was applied to induce the growth of a (111)-oriented SrRuO3 (SRO) bottom electrode. X-ray diffraction θ–2θ and φ scans revealed well-defined orientation relationships, viz. SBT(103)∥SRO(111)∥MgO(111)∥YSZ(100)∥Si(100); SBT[010]∥SRO[011]∥MgO[011]∥YSZ〈001〉∥Si〈001〉. The ferroelectric measurements of the (103)-oriented SBT films showed a remanent polarization (Pr) of 5.2 μC/cm2 and a coercive field (Ec) of 76 kV/cm for a maximum applied electric field of 440 kV/cm.


There is reviewed the fundamental understanding of the national bibliography, as well as special features of the development of its resources at the present stage. There are stated characteristic features of the Russian model of National Bibliography. There are analyzed the species composition and the condition of the domestic resources of the national retrospective bibliographic information. The article outlines the main prospective directions of the resources development on the basis of cumulation and retro-conversion of the current national bibliographic information and the national bibliographic repertoire resources.


Abstract Molecular gas has now been detected in 15 z>2 QSOs. These detections are commonly obtained by observing high–J CO transitions due to their relatively high peak fluxes and observing frequencies in the millimeter atmospheric windows. However, only observations of the CO ground-state transition, CO(1–0), have the potential to trace the molecular gas at lower excitations, which may give a better estimate of the total molecular gas mass of high–z QSOs. Here we present first z>4 CO(1–0) observations obtained with the NRAO Green Bank Telescope and the MPIfR Effelsberg telescope (Riechers et al. 2006). With these two 100m telescopes, we detect the CO(1–0) transition in the high–redshift QSOs BR 1202-0725 (z = 4.7), PSS J2322+1944 (z = 4.1), and APM 08279+5255 (z = 3.9). We find that the CO/FIR luminosity ratios of these high-z sources follow the same trend as seen for low-z galaxies. Utilizing large velocity gradient (LVG) models based on previous results for higher–J CO transitions, we derive that all CO emission can be described by a single gas component and that all molecular gas appears to be concentrated in a compact nuclear region. We thus find no evidence for luminous, extended CO(1–0) components in the molecular gas reservoirs around our target quasars.


Twenty three single plant selections (twenty of G. arboreum race cernuum and three of G. arboreum) made from the collections done in North-East region of the country and Gujarat were evaluated for analysis of seed cotton yield, boll number per plant, boll weight, ginning outturn percentage and 2.5% span length. Seed cotton yield showed positive correlation with all the component traits. The analysis confirmed that plant type with high boll weight, high number of bolls per plant and long fibres have high seed cotton yield.


In this paper, we present a decision support system (DSS) to optimize activities involving earth excavation, filling, hauling, recycling, and dumping in construction logistics projects. The system was designed through collaboration between operations research experts and a team at Strabag AG, an Austrian construction company. The DSS aids managers in scheduling construction activities by determining the amounts of materials that must be moved, purchased, recycled, and dumped in a given period, and by selecting paths that minimize the costs of performing these activities. Applying our DSS to the highway construction project, Autostrada Pedemontana Lombarda, has significantly improved the speed of decision making at Strabag AG and reduced its logistics costs by 10 percent. Our system, which is based on the use of linear programming, has two phases. In Phase 1, an aggregate mathematical model determines the feasibility of the project. In Phase 2, we execute a detailed model to determine the paths over which ...


Protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells have received great attentions because they provide an effective way to reduce the operating temperatures of solid oxide fuel cells.A brief overview of current development in protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells with high temperature proton-conducting electrolytes is given,which points out that the poor chemical stability of traditional electrolyte materials for the protonic ceramic membrane fuel cell is the main obstacle for their applications.The present development of high temperature proton conductors with high chemical stability as electrolyte materials for protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells is reviewed,as well as the influence of novel element doping strategies on the chemical stability,ionic conductivity and sinterability for BaCeO3-based materials.It also indicates the problems of high temperature proton conductors for protonic ceramic membrane fuel cells as well as their prospects.


ZnS: Mn quantum dots (QDs) with the average grain size from 4.2 to 7.2 nm were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. All samples were cubic zinc blende structure (β-ZnS) measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD). And the main diffraction peaks of ZnS: Mn shifted slightly towards higher angle in comparison with the intrinsic ZnS because of the substitution of Mn2+ for Zn2+. Due to the small grain size (4-7 nm) effect, the poor dispersion and serious reunion phenomenon for the samples were observed from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ZnS: Mn QDs had four peaks centered at 466, 495, 522, and 554 nm, respectively, in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra, in which the band at 554 nm absent in the intrinsic ZnS: Mn is attributed to the doping of Mn2+ in the lattice sites. As the concentration of Mn2+ increasing from 0% to 0.6 at%, the intensity of the PL emission also increased. But the concentration reached 0.9 at%, quenching of PL emission occurred. The peak in ZnS: Mn QDs observed at 490 cm-1 was origina...


The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a in a shallow drinking water reservoir has been investigated. The chlorophyll-a content in deeper zones varied from vertical stratification to de-stratification during the study period. A higher frequency of occurrence for changes between high and low chlorophyll-a values was found in the middle area of the reservoir compared to the border area. The magnitude of high/low values also differed seasonally and geographically. The reason for the variation of chlorophyll-a in the reservoir was found as a complex result of the influence of water level, nutrients, water depth, temperature, and light as potential factors. The results indicate that the mixing effect triggered by inflow and other hydraulic conditions is one of the important factors influencing temporal and spatial variations of the chlorophyll-a content in the reservoir.


The dominant factors for resistance to diazinon, i.e. R3 on the III linkage group, and gene a for low ali‐esterase on V linkage group were isolated in the homozygous condition from the single mutant progenies of a cross between diazinon‐resistant SKA flies, and a susceptible strain marked with the recessive mutants, ocra (III linkage group) and ar (V linkage group). Each resistance factor segregated in opposition to the marker of the same linkage group; thus ar mutants carried only R3 and ocra mutants only gene a. Each of the two incompletely dominant factors when homozygous conferred a similar but small resistance to diazinon (R.F. 13–34) and very little resistance to diazoxon (R.F. 3–5), and differed in their response to diazinon in the presence of sesamex. Sesamex synergised diazinon very much against flies with R3 only, but increased resistance to diazinon by × 2 in flies with gene a only. n‐propyl paraoxon was almost equally effective as a synergist with diazinon against susceptible flies, and strains with R3 or gene a only (S.F. 1.4–3.6).


This is what has been left to us. I don't remember what I saw: the peeking out of legs from a hole we dug in the backyard, the wheels, the mountain. I live in the shadow of a mountain: colossal — a volcano dormant: something waiting to fill our heads with ash, to make us reconsider what heat is. We used to dig in the yard: at first with our hands and then with small spades and shovels. We would cut through the frozen ground, dirt under our fingernails, our pants damp from the melted snow. We would dig until we could see the other side of the earth. We would dig through the core of everything: we would feel the fire and the snow would melt — our beds would no longer be cold from the chilled glass, the windows surrounding my body as I slept. We would dig until we could touch the bottom of plants in another world: plum flowers and Chinese lilies. It would be a secret — flowers long dead from the snow pulled forth from some magic elsewhere, a hole in the ground marked by a piece of wood used to measure the height of the tomato vines, vines long since shriveled and iced over. In the hole we put reminders of ourselves: here is a newspaper. Here is a piece of chocolate. Here are instructions on how to build a table — we will need all of these things when we are older. We will dig them up when our parents have gone, when another family moves into our house — lies on our floors, spits in our sinks. They will have painted the shutters. They will have replaced the door. When you are gone, who will drive the car. Who will turn the wheel, who will know where to turn. Who will draw the maps — straight lines fading into sharp curves: all things to scale, all things considered. When I was a child I read all of the books. I read about countries that no longer exist, worlds that never did. I read about a boy like me gone missing. I read about how he would leave words scrawled in chalk for his mother to find; to let her know that he is still alive, hiding in the garden, hiding in the river. Here is everything I have. Here is the sound I will make, the song I will sing to let you know that I mean what I say. I am learning the patterns of words because I cannot imagine you gone; I cannot imagine what you have left. My car will not move: it will sit still for days because I do not know what to do. You have taught me, but I do not know what to do.


The basic theory of industrial engineering in the actual production in the plant application were introduced.Moulded case circuit breaker over-current check station queuing system modeling analysis process,and the queuing system were optimized and contrasted.The result showed that the modeling and simulation of production systems played an active role in improving plant efficiency,improving resource efficiency and optimization of process design.


Ethnic minorities in Southwest China have created abundant intangible cultural heritage. However, traditional protection methods only preserved the form of intangible cultural heritage, but not the content of it which embodies ethnic spirit and psychology. So, through those methods intangible cultural heritage can not be really inherited. To inherit intangible cultural heritage, reforms should be vigorously carried out in school education of ethnic regions, learning-oriented communities should be established through the radiating function of schools to facilitate the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities, "living inheritors" of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities should be cultivated and "reproductive mechanism" of intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities should be established.


A sample is taken from university D,which is known for engineering.It aims to research the status quo of Newly Upgraded University and to analyze the human resources characteristics of scientific-research-oriented teachers,based on the measurement analysis of papers on science and engineering collected by EI from 2007 to 2011 of university D.The findings suggests that the research strength of Newly Upgraded University has been enhanced and that the scientific-research-oriented teachers are highly educated,younger,have a balanced gender structure,and have medium and vice-senior professional titles.To enhance the research level of this kind of university,the study proposes the establishment of a system of teacher classification,and specific suggestions are given on the administration of scientific-research-oriented teacher.


Summary.

Anthonomus cinctus is widely distributed on the Continent and occasionally, in certain districts, does serious damage to pear buds, and now and then is found injuring apples. In this country it is not yet recorded on pears, but was found killing apple buds at Wisbech, in 1921, and near Cambridge, in 1922. Adults have also been found in Kent.

The eggs are laid in apple buds (usually fruit buds) in the autumn, one egg only in each bud. The larva hatches at the end of February and eats out the succulent portion of the bud. It pupates in May and changes to the weevil stage in June. The weevils puncture the leaf stalks, buds and succulent portion of the shoots.

A description of the various stages is given.

A comparison is made between this species and those closely allied.

Near Cambridge Pimpla pomorum killed most of the larvae and pupae left on the trees after collecting.


approved: Steven D. Tesch Ponderosa pine (Pin us ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) is the most widely planted species in the Patagonian Andes region of Argentina for economic development. However, information on site quality and yield is so limited that potential forest investors and managers do not have a reliable basis on which to make sound decisions. To ameliorate this problem I completed five silvicultural studies in Neuquen, the northernmost province where ponderosa pine is planted. Data were collected in 127 stands throughout Neuquen. 1) Four height(H)-diameter(D) equations were tested and H = 1.3 + £ was selected to predict individual tree H at the stand level. 2) Nineteen volume (V) equations were fifted with V = + 02H + 2 D + £ and V = + 0 + 02+ £ selected to predict total inside-bark tree V when H data are and are not available respectively. The effect of crown ratio was not significant when added to 0 and H. A comparison demonstrated that trees of the same D and H appeared to have more volume in Neuquen than in western United States. 3) The ability of 13-growth intercepts to predict stand top height and crop height was examined between ages 12 and 20 years. A growth intercept index (GIl) was developed to determine site quality based on the length of the five internodes starting at or above breast height. 4) The ability of needle length, measured around the bud on the terminal leader (TNL) and on the tip of first order lateral branches (LNL), to predict top height at age 20 was tested. A preliminary needle length index to determine site quality based on LNL was developed. 5) Yield equations based on stand age, Gil, trees/ha (or basal area), and longitude, were developed. These equations predict higher volumes for Neuquén stands than those attained by highly productive California ponderosa pine plantations of the same age, dominant height, and trees/ha. Neuquén stands support very high stocking and they exhibit negligible mortality despite their very high basal areas and relative densities by North American standards. Height-Diameter and Volume Equations, Growth Intercept and Needle Length Site Quality Indicators, and Yield Equations for Young Ponderosa Pine Plantations in Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina


In a world where distributed power generation and deregulation of energy markets are on everyone's agenda, the need for highly efficient power plants with short lead times is greater than ever. Although at present combined cycles provide a solution, development of ever more advanced machines to increase efficiency and lower the environmental impact has led to high maintenance costs and a decrease in availability. The Humid Air Turbine (HAT) represents a different approach, suitable for distributed power generation in the medium power range. The HAT cycle, and other wet gas turbine cycles, which have been extensively studied during the last ten years, show as high an efficiency as that of combined cycles, but at a lower specific cost and, with inherently low emissions of NOX. Despite all research done no full-scale plant has been built as yet. CO2 capture is another concept widely studied in recent years. In the present study three HAT cycle configurations are investigated, two of them connected to a post-combustion CO2-capture plant. Thermodynamic and thermoeconomic optimisation of the plants was performed using genetic algorithms (GA), a robust optimisation technique based on Darwinian evolution theories. The three configurations studied were 1) a standard inter-cooled HAT cycle, referred to as the reference cycle. 2) the reference cycle together with an integrated CO2-capture plant taking the energy needed for the CO2 separation from the exhaust heat of the turbine, and 3) the reference cycle together with a CO2 capture plant, in which the energy is supplied by a separate bio-fuelled boiler. This third configuration enables all fossil-based CO2 to be separated. All power cycles were modelled using IPSEpro, a heat-and mass-balance software, employing advanced component models developed by the authors. It has an interface for optimisation and the possibility of employing user-defined objective functions. The impact of CO2 taxation was studied to determine showing which configuration is the most economical at the current fuel-price and tax-level. (Less)


This paper presents the analysis of a microgrid , with a photovoltaic source and a Li-ion battery, in a standalone mode that powers a single phase load. In addition, the system consists of DC/DC converter which connect the source to the load using the MPPT algorithm and manage the power flow between components, as well. Afterwards, we present and simulate hybrid system with PI controllers using MATLAB/simulink. The results have good tracking response and short ripple.
In chapter 1 , there is an introduction of microgrids and distributed generation.
Chapter 2 analyzes PV systems , materials, pv models and MPPT as well.
In Chapter 3, we present types and use of storage units.
Chapter 4 concerns the electronic converters and the way of trigger them.
Chapter 5 presents the model of the PV source ,a lithium-ion battery and two DC/DC converter using equations Euler-Lagrange.
 Finally, in chapter 6 the simulation of the model is shown using Simulink and the results are shown, as well.


Stable processes can better model the impulsive random signals and noises in physical observation.In order to suppress the non-Gaussian noise,the bispectrum based on fractional lower order statistics is defined,and its estimation method was proposed.Simulation results shows that nonparametric bispectrum based on fractional lower order statistics is much effective for identifying signal compared with traditional bispectrum,and signal amplitude and phase are kept,but it still has big estimated variance.The new algorithm based on the parameter model of AR processes has maximal spectral flatness,and is much robust and effective for suppressing the fractional lower order noise.


Electrical Power System (EPS) are subjected to a variety of electrical phenomena and are structured by a huge number of both active and passive elements. For this reason, to plan, operate and monitor a power system, it is necessary to use computer programs that help simulating, as realistically as possible, the elements of a power system as well as the different electrical phenomena that take place. This paper presents a comparative analysis between two simulation and PSS/E. For this purpose, the IEEE 39 bus test system is used to simulate: power flows, short-circuits and transient stability. In addition, an instructive for the PSS/E program is presented to create a case study where the simulation modules mentioned above are tested. The execution time of each simulation shows that PSS / E program is faster than DIgSILENT PowerFactory software for steady-state and transient state studies.


Fifty-two patients with hepatic trauma during the past 10 years were reviewed. The average age of the patients was 31 years, and the male to female ratio was 2.7:1. Penetrating wounds were present in 12 patients (23%), majority of which was caused by stab wounds and was included in Makiya's type 1 as for the injury type. Hepatorrhaphy was applied except for one case of partial resection as an operative procedure, resulting in two deaths. On the other hand, there were 40 patients (77%) with blunt trauma, the main cause of which was traffic accident. Twelve cases were included in Makiya's type 1, 7 in type 2, 11 in type 3, and 10 in central rupture. All patients with central rupture as well as a few patients with Makiya's type 1 and 2 were treated conservatively and all these recovered uneventfully. Twenty-four cases were treated surgically, including 10 hepatorrhaphy, 7 hepatic resection, 5 drainage only, and 2 untreatable. Twelve patients died within 4 days after surgery, 9 of which from bleeding (6 from the injured liver and 3 from. other organs), 2 multiple organ failure, and 1 brain contusion. Mortality for the patients sustaining Makiya's type 3 injury was 73% (8/11). Two more patients with most extensive hepatic injury died from massive bleeding without any effective management in the emergency center. There was also a death case due to myocardial infarction, in which necropsy revealed hepatic injury of unknown cause.


This study has compared Islamic Religious Education (IRE) and Moral Education (ME) to identify these two subjects' innate differences. This qualitative research interviewed nine schoolteachers who were selected purposefully. Eleven themes were generated from the analysis of the interviews that manifested the findings of this research. The research findings reveal that IRE and ME have differences in their core philosophical standpoints and instruction methods. Based on the research findings, we have suggested necessary modification of Lickona's Model of Teaching Moral if it is to be implemented to the curriculum of IRE. This study is significant to the curriculum developer of IRE to ensure the readiness of IRE teachers in addressing issues and concern related to moral questions and judgments. Moreover, in the Malaysian multicultural context, where IRE and ME mostly taught by Muslim instructors without actually equipping them with necessary formal teachers' training on teaching Moral Education, the research findings also recommend the development of necessary teachers' training program and inform the future training programs, developers, about the exiting differences between these two subjects so that the instructors can be equipped with the necessary training to optimize the teaching and learning of both IRE and ME.


Microactuators are one of the most important components in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Therefore, designing effective out-of-plane actuators has been in progress for the last decade. This paper presents a novel design of the microactuator with a double stepped beam structure for large out-of-plane deflection output applied to microvalves. The design and analysis of the out-of-plane microactuator are implemented by the finite element method. Silicon is selected as the material of the actuator and the beam motion is generated by the Joule heating effect. Compared to a single stepped beam design reported in the literature, the simulation results show that the proposed double-stepped beam structure can deliver a much larger out-of-plane deflection. Under an applied current of 15 mA, the maximum deflection of the double stepped beam is nearly seven times higher than that of the single stepped beam structure. In addition, the stress analysis indicates that the largest stress (1.46 GPa) induced in the beam is much smaller than the yield strength (7 GPa) of the selected silicon material.


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY * CPAs played a key role in shaping the U.S. income tax framework. Recommendations from an AICPA predecessor organization persuaded lawmakers to make allowances for the accrual method and helped to form the basic structure of corporate and individual income taxes-one that exists to this day. * The income tax was intended to more fairly distribute the tax burden across geographical areas and classes. High tariffs had created higher prices for goods, hurting the agriculturally based lower classes, mainly in the South and Midwest. In 1913, only 2% of the workforce had to pay income taxes, and paying it became a status symbol for the wealthy. * The Revenue Act of 1942, designed to raise funds to pay for World War II, changed the nature of the income tax from e class tax to a mass tax. The percentage of workers filing tax returns jumped from 5% in 1939 to 90% in 1945. * With millions now paying income taxes, sales soared for CPA J.K. Lasser's guide for taxpayers to prepare their own returns. * The rapid growth of the tax services business caught the eye of the American Bar Association, which asserted that CPAs were practicing law without a license in giving tax advice to clients. Years of debate and dialogue involving the ABA and the AICPA led to a resolution that saw professionals from both sides allowed to represent clients before the IRS or the Treasury Department. * Technological advances have dramatically altered tax preparation over the past 30 years. From the advent of the personal computer to the ability of CPAs and taxpayers to directly prepare and file tax returns online, technology now holds a central role in tax services. * As predicted in a 1913 JofA editorial, the introduction of income tax services led to expanded relationships between clients and accountants. The ability of CPA tax practitioners to distinguish themselves as trusted client advisers will prove critical in the future as technology continues to transform the tax sector. ********** CPA tax preparers can count themselves as part of a specialty with a background that reflects many of the struggles and victories that have left indelible impressions on their profession and the country at large. With a history replete with class struggles, competitive challenges, technological advancement, and legislative triumphs and setbacks, tax practitioners have forged a path of achievement and innovation that has made their specialty among the most vibrant in the accounting profession. Rarely is genuine longevity achieved without its fair share of new directions and obstacles to success--both the expected and unexpected--and it has never been truer than for pioneering tax practitioners. When taking a look back at the specialty's early roots, a vivid picture emerges of the circumstances that have brought tax services to the prominent position they hold today TWO LEGISLATIVE MILESTONES AND THEIR IMPACT Most major U.S. tax-law changes occur during times of national crisis, and that was as true in the early days of our country, when the federal government relied on revenue-producing excise taxes and tariffs, as it is today For instance, one of the first federal income tax laws was signed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862. Its purpose was to help finance the Civil War and, similar to most income tax laws of the day, it was repealed several years later, after the war crisis had passed. The Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act of 1894 imposed a 2% income tax to fund reductions in tariff rates; however, the U.S. Supreme Court held that tax to be unconstitutional because it violated the prohibition against unapportioned direct taxes under Article 1, Section 9, of the U.S. Constitution. The modern individual income tax law was enacted in 1913 after ratification of the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution overcame the legal challenges to unapportioned direct taxes. …


We report the occurrence of morphology-induced variation in the phonon properties of a poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-capped ZnS semiconductor. ZnS micro- and nanostructures such as microparticles, nanoparticles, nanorods (NRs), and nanowires (NWs) were synthesized through a single-step hydrothermal method at low temperature. Structural, morphological, and compositional analyses were performed using powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectra (EDS), and high-resolution transmission electron micrographic techniques. Moreover, morphology of the prepared samples was confirmed from off-resonant Raman studies. A strong first and higher orders of longitudinal optical (LO) phonon and weak fundamental and higher orders of transverse optical features were seen from UV Raman scattering. The electron–phonon coupling as a function of morphological changes of the nanostructures was analyzed by studying the differences in LO phonon linewidths among the samples. The dominance...


At least one input waveguide according to the present invention, one or more output waveguides, a plurality of channel waveguides connecting the input waveguide and connected to the first slab waveguide, a second slab waveguide and the first and second slab waveguide connected to the output waveguide, waveguide heat grating with, the relative to the center line of the channel waveguide, the first and second slab waveguides are formed in the left-right asymmetric, the second slab waveguide of said channel waveguide in relation to a focal length f Heat waveguide grating, asymmetrical, channel waveguide, a slab waveguide


: Cutting head clogging is more frequently encountered as more tunnels are being excavated by slurry shield machines. So establishing criteria for cutting head clogging occurrence based on the machine driving parameters is of great engineering significance. Three construction cases of the Beijing south-to-north water diversion auxiliary project, the Jinan Huanghe River Crossing tunnel construction, and the Wuhan Metro Line 8 Yangtze River Crossing tunnel construction, are introduced. Development of the main driving parameters in the construction cases, including the total thrust, the cutting head torque, the advance rate, and the cutting head rotation speed of the tunneling machines before, during, and after the cutting head clogging, are presented and analyzed. The fact is that the total thrust and the cutting head torque of tunneling machines will increase, or will not, once the cutting head clogging occurs. It is recommended to take two combined parameters of total thrust/penetration depth and cutting head torque/penetration depth into account to judge whether the cutting head clogging will occur or not. The maximum increases of the composite parameters by 2–6 times are found in the construction cases. But for the minimum increase, a 30–50% increase of the composite parameter should be noted. The findings can be of great help for similar projects.


Nuove relazioni e immagine dell'anziano nel processo di assistenza informaleThis paper aims to investigate the image of old person in healthcare professionals for the elderly, with regard to implementing suitable relationship and welfare patterns. For this purpose, a sample of 21 foreign healthcare workers for the elderly, attending both formation and professional qualification courses, were administered with the Twenty Statements Test (TST) (Khun et al., 1954) to evaluate their Self image. Then they were administered again with the TST but they were asked to fill it as if they were just the old person they have to care. The data were collected through a specific code (adjusted from Belloni Sonzogni et al., 1994) for both such a self-representations. A significant link between the Self image of the healthcare workers for the elderly and that related to the old person was found. First, both self-image of healthcare workers for the elderly and old personrelated image were caracterized above all by self-descriptions concerning Private Self but not to Public Self. Second, self-descriptions of healthcare professionals for the elderly mostly regardered positive traits of personality; on the contrary, those related to old people were focused above all on negative physical and existential topics. Furthermore, healthcare workers for the elderly, trying to identify with old people, tended to assign them, on the whole, the own selfcentered image. The implications of these outcomes in order to promoting a perspective of empowerment of elderly image by the light of the complex relationship among old person, healthcare worker for the elderly and familiar caregiver were discussed.


• Most indicators of women's leadership and decision-making measure factors that we assume enable or result from women's empowerment, such as access to resources and legal rights. • Indicators that measure women's influence over decisions in practice are rare. They mainly measure women's representation in senior positions and women's selfreported decision-making power. • Indicators also tend to rely on national data. This can allow us to make comparisons internationally and analyse trends, however, subnational data is less common and can provide more insight into differences between groups of women. • To better measure women's leadership and decision-making, indicators need to be comparable; able to measure diverse facets of voice and leadership and disaggregated where possible. • A priority for development agencies is to expand the number of variables systematically collected, starting with women in senior national positions and in local government. • A priority for researchers and programme managers is to develop clusters of indicators to measure substantive voice and leadership, and make greater use of mixed-methods approaches.


This study investigated a conceptual model that connects game expertise, attitudinal perceptions, and cognitive achievements, and behavioral intention in digital game-based learning. In the study, attitudinal perceptions consisted of three constructs: perceived enjoyment, perceived usefulness, and satisfaction, and cognitive achievements consisted of two constructs: game scores and recall of content. A total of 298 college students played a serious game about transistor recycling, and structural equation modeling was used to analyze data. Our findings showed that two attitudinal constructs (i.e., perceived enjoyment and perceived usefulness) and one cognitive achievement (i.e., game scores) positively influenced satisfaction, and then their satisfaction positively influenced both their recall of content and behavioral intention while game expertise significantly affected on perceived usefulness. This complementary relationship between attitudinal perceptions and cognitive achievements found in this study suggests that when designing a serious game, game designers need to consider the interplay between entertaining factors and instructional strategies.


Abstract Seven different flavonoids from the aerial parts of Thymus webbianus were isolated. They were identified by UV spectra, TLC and HPLC-DAD as luteolin, apigenin, eryodictiol, naringenin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin-6,8-di-C-glucoside. Other phenolics characterized by HPLC-DAD analysis were: protocatechuic, chlorogenic, syringic, p-coumaric and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids.


This work presents the results from a three dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) of an elastic-plastic asperity contact model for two spherical bodies sliding across each other with various preset vertical interferences. Stresses, forces, contact areas, deformations, and net energy loss are presented for steel-on-steel and aluminum-on-copper contact.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


study was conducted on the influence of adding carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nano tubes (COOH-MWCNTs) as a filler to carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP) on tensile and flexural properties.


An energy management circuit is proposed for self-powered ubiquitous sensor modules using vibration-based energy. With the proposed circuit, the sensor modules work with low duty cycle operation. Moreover, a two-tank circuit as a part of the energy management circuit is utilized to solve the problem that the average power density of ambient energy always varies with time while the power consumption of the sensor modules is constant and larger than it. In addition, the long start-up time problem is also avoided with the timing control of the proposed energy management circuit. The CMOS implementation and silicon verification results of the proposed circuit are also presented. Its validity is further confirmed with a vibration-based energy generation. The sensor module is used to supervise the vibration of machines and transfer the vibration signal discontinuously. A piezoelectric element acts as the vibration-to-electricity converter to realize battery-free operation.