The studies on the syntheses of new superheavy elements(SHE) are current focus of nuclear physics.In this paper,at first,a review on the experimental researches on the superheavy elements are presented.Then,theoretical models and theoretical researches on SHE are reviewed.The models reviewed here are mainly various mean field models and macroscopic-microscopic models.The differences between the models are discussed.The properties are summarized and some unknown properties are predicated.At last,the optimal nuclei are proposed for future experiment.


Some major changes that occurred in the 20th century were the result of growth of the role and influence of media. Today, print media, TV and the Internet represent integral parts of the modern world and have a significant impact on people's lives. Consequently, studying the peculiarities of informative newspaper texts, due to their topicality and importance, is one of the difficult but interesting aspects. The purpose of this article is to identify the similarities and differences that characterize French and Georgian journalistic discourses. We will also try to show stylistic-grammatical and pragmatic features of Georgian and French political articles.


This study first presents convergences and controversies in current theories and empirical findings on the phases of development of self-study groups. Hypotheses about sequence of phases are derived and tested by contentanalyzing interaction in three groups that met over four-month periods. The findings show that the groups went through similar phases of development. The data are interpreted as indicating that the groups begin in a state of anomie. Through testing, conflict, and negotiation they develop a relatively cohesive workgroup with consensus on values, goals, and norms. The affirmation and articulation of the groups' emergent culture is followed by a period of stable work until interrupted by pressure of separation and disintegration of the group.


New technology for producing ammonium molybdates from low-grade Ni-Mo ores developed by Rare Metal Metallurgy Institution of Central South University is described.This process is suitable for different molybdenum bearing materials including Ni-Mo ores,wulfenite,ferromolybdenum,and molybdenum containing scrap.This process mainly includes decomposition of mineral,pretreatment of molybdenum solution,ion-exchange process,removing vanadium by crystallization,deep purification,and etc.Processing mineral raw materials(Mo 6%,Ni 3%) based on this process,the recovery rate of Mo,Ni are 90% and 98% respectively,and the quality of the ammonium molybdates product meets the requirement of Chinese Standard level 1.This process has been applied in 8 factories in domestic so far.


The phytotherapeutic product Somras (in Sanskrit meaning "Elixir of Health") is made of phytoherapeutic agents as garlic, ginger, lemon, apple cider vinegar and honey according the Ayurveda technology. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in a civilized world. The death rate for CVD is still high in the Czech Republic, accounting for 51% of the total annual mortality rate, and 35% in the European Union. The imperative of the time is to look for new ways in the prevention and treatment of risk factors of civilization diseases. In the literature and in the old pharmacopoeia, we find information about the beneficial effect of some phytopharmacs on the function of the cardiovascular system. The main objective of the presented study was to assess the therapeutic preventive effect of phytotherapeutic product Somras as a food supplement, and its influence on selected risk factors of civilization diseases in the pilot research project. Keywords: civilization diseases, phytopharmacies, cardiovascular system, food supplement "Somras", Ayurveda.


This article explores how the creative use of international economic and social rights law might assist actors operating inside and around the international trade law regime to address the impact of trade on social concerns. In a world context where trade and social concerns overlap in many ways, strategies based on international human rights law may disturb conceptions of the trade regime as narrowly directed towards trade facilitation, while also providing a basis to address difficult problems such as reconciling the concerns for high social standards in both the South and the North. The article describes and relates strategies based on international social rights at three potential venues for the development of the trade regime. First, a strategy of 'countering' could utilize international social rights law to guide interpretation and application of trade treaties, including to challenge the selective spread of such 'human' rights intellectual property rights and investment rights. Second, international social rights might be achieved by, and in turn guide, NCO 'branding' practices. Third, a strategy of 'dealing' informed by norms of international social rights could generate broader reforms to the trade regime that would address both concerns about fair trade and regulatory competition in developed countries and concerns about trade access and development in developing countries.


Batch culture of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 started on glucose progressed in three successive phases according to the substrates available, respectively: glucose, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate. These two latter compounds derived from the membrane oxidation of glucose. Growth was faster on glucose and it decreased significantly on gluconate then 2-ketogluconate without diauxic phases and showed fast transitions of the respiratory quotient values. FT-IR spectra of cells sampled from each phase were statistically well discriminated and showed a structural modifications. In particular, absorbance at characteristic bands of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate) increased during the course of the culture. The polymer was identified by GC-MS as medium-chain-length type (mcl-PHA) composed mainly of 3-hydroxydecanoate (~ 52 %). PHA cell contents were 0.8 to 1.3 % on glucose, 2.0 % on gluconate and 5.2 % on 2-ketogluconate. Without nutrient limitation, P. putida mt-2 was able to accumulate mcl-PHA. The decreases of the oxygen uptake and of the growth rate concomitant with the sequential utilization of the substrates seemed to enhance the polyester synthesis. Based on the kinetic data and on the involved pathways, the effect of energy production on the PHA synthesis was discussed.


10 The governing equations of motion for bridges with rocking piers of unequal height and unequal span lengths 11 are derived accounting for the effect of end joint gaps and the abutment-backfill system. The attenuation of the rocking 12 motion stems from the impacts at the rocking interfaces, described through the coefficient of restitution, and also from 13 the impacts (pounding) of the superstructure on the abutment backwalls. This is the first study that combines both 14 energy dissipation sources in the analytical derivation of the equations of motion. The results of response-history 15 analysis of bridges with different levels of asymmetry in their pier height show that the performance of both the 16 symmetric and asymmetric configurations is very similar with regard to longitudinal displacements. Although the 17 studied bridges safely resisted ground motions with an intensity about twice that of the design earthquake, regardless 18 of the degree of asymmetry, it was found that the higher the difference in the pier height, the larger is the rotation of 19 the superstructure due to the differential uplift of the piers, a point that has to be addressed in seismic design for 20 rocking response. 21


The mixtures of a-quartz and graphite powder with different mass ratios were, respectively.. high-energetically mechanically milled and then treated under high pressure and high temperature. The influences of carbon content on the synthesis conditions of coesite were investigated. The experimental products were characterized by XRD, TEM, and Raman spectrometry. The results show that the existence of carbon can obviously inhibit the formation of coesite, and the higher the carbon content of the initial material, the higher the pressure for forming coesite.


Based on diffraction analysis of amorphous Ge, pentagonal structure elements have been proposed. In a search for evidence other than diffraction from amorphous films for such structure elements, small (100 A) particles of Ge were evaporated onto cleaved NaCl under almost epitaxial conditions and examined by electron microscopy and diffraction. These particles contain numerous primary and secondary twins. Each (100) oriented nucleus can, in principle, give rise to four primary and 12 secondary twins; however, only four of the possible 12 secondary twin orientations are observed. With crystallographic structure models one can extrapolate the boundaries between the observed twin orientations to a common line of intersection where indeed regions with pentagonal stacking sequence occur. Based on this result, a model for an idealized structural unit in amorphous Ge is proposed.


This article reviews the literature on the relationship between parenting styles and adolescents' emotional intelligence. The review of the empirical research indicates that authoritative parenting style is associated with higher levels of adolescents' general emotional intelligence, trait emotional intelligence, and decision-making emotional intelligence. Conversely, authoritarian parents are associated with lower level of adolescents' emotional intelligence, and self-regulatory emotional intelligence. However, further research is still needed to examine the relationship among cross culture, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.


The revised orders for the ordination of deacons and presbyters and the consecration of bishops were approved by the C.S.I. Synod in January 1958. The author must confess to some delay in writing this account of them; but this tardiness has at least given opportunity to begin with some comment on the essays Apostolic Succession , by Bishop Noel Hall, and 'Episcopate' and 'Presbyterate' in the Anglican Ordinal , by Professor J. M. Barkley, which appeared in Vol. 11, No. 2 (June 1958) of SJT. It may be a fruitful line of approach to this liturgical product of C.S.I, to set it beside the Anglican and Presbyterian standpoints concerning ordination, as stated in these essays, and to try and estimate what contribution it makes to the debate.


The essential oil from leaves of Croton gossypiifolius Vahl. (Euphorbiaceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation, and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The constituents were identified by their mass spectra and Kovats' indices. Fifty-one compounds accounting for 92% of the oil were detected, and 47 of them were identified. The oil was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes with the major presence of α-cedrene oxide (18.6%), spathulenol (16.3%), valencene (5.8%), geranyl-pentanoate (5.3%), α-cadinol (4.0%), germacrene D (3.5%) and longifolene (3.3%).


The characteristics of Link16 signals are analyzed,also the encoding and hopping modes are introduced.The feasibility of jamming the Link16 system is discussed,they are "signal deceiving jamming" and "multi-frequency-point block jamming".The former means intercept and capture basic parameter of Link16 signals first,generate and send out high relativity jamming signals;the latter means jamming 5 of 8 frequency points on all of the hopping frequency points.Meanwhile,the simulation result of the jamming effect is analyzed.


Barna Watershed is a catchment of Barna River and its tributaries, lies in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh. The total area of Barna Watershed is approximately 1129 Sq. Km. The aim of the study was to analyze the observed ground water quality parameters and to create spatial map for drinking water purpose for Barna Watershed. For the above study ground water Samples were collected from the field and some GWQ data were collected from PHED, M.P and National Rural Development Water Programme (IMIS) website under Ministry of Drinking water & Sanitation. The GWQ layers were generated separately for each element for Both Pre-Monsoon and Post-Monsoon Season, from the well point layers with the help of Inverse Distance weighted Method (IDW) interpolation technique using ArcGIS 9.3 software. Each element wise layer has been categorized into three categories (1) potable water in Desirable limits (2) Potable water in permissible limits (3) Non-potable ground water, as per BIS standard 2012. Integrating layers of pre-monsoon; pre-monsoon Ground Water Quality map has been prepared and integrating layers of post-monsoon; post-monsoon Ground Water Quality map has been prepared. Integrating the pre & post monsoon Ground water quality map, final ground water quality class map has been prepared. The Final Ground Water Quality class map has been divided into 9 classes as the standard given by the NRSC, ISRO; Ground Water Quality, manual of RGNDWM-PH IV. The Final Ground Water Quality Class map of Barna Watershed shows, out of 75.04% Non-Potable area73.12% area is NonPotable due to excess of Iron and out 65.51% Habitations which is falling in Non-Potable class, 56.89% habitation are severely affected by excess of Iron.


Malodor and exudates of wounds in malignancy can cause problems of discomfort & social isolation for patients. Both of them can produce negative impact on their quality of life. The treatment of malignant wounds use the right topical agent is a major factor in reducing malodor and wounds exudates. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of honey and metronidazole on malodor & exudates malignant wounds. A Quasi experimental with non equivalent pretest-posstest controlled group design and non equivalent posttest only controlled group design were used in this study. Twelve sample was taken by a consecutive sampling, consis of six patients of control group and six patients of intervention group with a final stage of malignancy, 23-59 years old in male and female, size of wound is = 4 cm2. The wounds which we treated with honey demonstrated a reduction in malodor from patient perspectives using a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), from the mean score of malodor on onset was 6,0 and on the sixth days of the treatment, to 2,1. group, malodor also reduced from 5,6 before treatment and dropped to 4,6 after treatment. at test showed that there are a significant difference between honey and metronidazole in reducing malodor (p<0,05). On the other hand, the wounds treated with honey and metronidazole preduced more drainage. In the honey group, the increase in the amount of wound exudate was noticeable on the third days (66,6 gr) and the sixth days (80,8gr) after the treatment. While in the metronidazole group, the amount of wound exudate was increase on the third days (44,5 gr) and the sixth days (51,1gr) after the treatment. There are not statistically significant (p>0,05). The study concluded that the use of honey in the treatment of wounds in malignancy is more effective than metronidazole in reducing malodor patients perspectives. Base on findings, it is requested for decision makers in the healthcare institution to produce a policy that could accommodate usage of honey as a topical agent in the treatment of malignant wounds.


A fast intersecting beam technique has been used to obtain total cross sections sigma (He2+) for He2+ formation from the combined processes H++He+ to H++He2++e (ionization) and H++He+ to H+He2+ (charge transfer) in the centre-of-mass energy range 72-402 keV. At these energies, ionization is believed to provide the main contribution to the measured cross sections which are shown to be in good agreement with cross sections for ionization predicted theoretically by scaling data for H+-H collisions. Values of sigma (He2+) also show the expected tendency to converge to corresponding cross sections for ionization by electron impact at high equivalent velocities.


I BASIC ISSUES 1. The Concept of Distinctiveness in Memory Research: 2. Modelling Distinctiveness: Implications for General Memory Theory 3. Emotion, Significance, Distinctiveness and Memory 4. Encoding and Retrieval Processes in Distinctiveness Effects: Toward an Integrative Framework 5. Reducing Memory Errors: The Distinctiveness Heuristic 6. Assessing Distinctiveness: Measures of Item-Specific and Relational Processing II BIZARRENESS 7. Resolution of Discrepant Memory Strengths: An Explanation of the Effects of Bizarreness on Memory 8. Memory for Bizarre and Other Unusual Events: Evidence from Script Research III DISTINCTIVENESS AND IMPLICIT MEMORY TESTS 9. Conceptual Implicit Memory and the Item-Specific - Relational Distinction 10. The Distinctiveness Effect in Explicit and Implicit Memory IV DISTINCTIVENESS AND MEMORY ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN 11. Distinctiveness Effects in Children's Memory 12. Adult Age Differences in Episodic Memory: Item-Specific, Relational and Distinctive Processing V DISTINCTIVENESS IN THE SOCIAL CONTEXT 13. The Effects of Social Distinctiveness: The Phenomenology of Being in a Group 14. Distinctiveness and Memory: A Comparison of the Social and Cognitive Literatures VI THE NEUROSCIENCE OF DISTINCTIVENESS AND MEMORY 15. Multiple Electrophysiological Indices of Distinctiveness 16. Neural Correlates of Incongruity 17. Stimulus Novelty Effects on Recognition Memory: Behavioral Properties and Neuroanantomical Substrates VII DENOUEMENT 18. What Do Explanations of the Distinctiveness Effect Need to Explain? 19. Distinctiveness and Memory: Comments and a Point of View


Objective Aortic stiffness, a prognostically adverse marker of arteriosclerosis, is critically dependent on blood pressure (BP). Office BP may not always reflect BP behaviour away from the medical environment, and it is uncertain whether office or out-of-office BP values are stronger determinants of arterial stiffness. Methods Twenty-four-hour BP and carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) – a direct measure of aortic stiffness – were measured in 539 never-treated hypertensive patients and in 71 normotensive individuals. Results Sustained hypertensive patients had a higher age and heart-rate-adjusted aortic PWV than normotensive individuals (9.7 ± 2 vs. 8.5 ± 2 m/s, P < 0.001), even after further adjustment for office mean pressure as a measure of distending pressure (P = 0.018). The higher aortic PWV in white-coat hypertensive patients as compared with normotensive individuals (9.3 ± 2 vs. 8.5 ± 2 m/s, P = 0.026) did not hold after adjustment for office mean pressure (P = 0.16). To examine the independent effect of office BP on aortic PWV beyond the influence of 24-h BP, patients were classified according to the difference between observed and predicted office systolic BP (the latter determined by regressing 24-h BP on office BP). Despite having comparable 24-h BP values (131/82 vs. 131/84 mmHg), the patients with higher-than-predicted office BP had higher aortic PWV than those with lower-than-predicted office BP (10.1 ± 2 vs. 9.2 ± 2 m/s, P < 0.001). Similarly, after regressing office BP on 24-h BP, the group with higher-than-predicted 24-h BP also had higher aortic PWV (9.9 ± 2 vs. 9.5 ± 2 m/s, P < 0.05) despite having identical office BP (152/95 vs. 152/96 mmHg). In a multivariate regression model, both 24-h and office mean BP independently predicted aortic PWV. Conclusions Both office and out-of-office BP are independent predictors of aortic PWV in hypertension. Elevated BP values over the 24 h are associated with increased isobaric aortic stiffness.


A 12 meter deep section in the dune-sandy plain terrain of western part of Thar desert was investigated for aggradation history, paleoenvironment and diagenesis. Based on optical luminescence dating, this study extends the record of aeolian dynamism in the Thar Desert to ~160 ka with successive sand aggradations at 100-90, ~60, 27 and 17–13 ka. The aggradation episodes were separated by marked breaks, mostly of 30–40 ka duration. Only a part of this experienced stability, pedogenesis and calcrete development and suggested climate amelioration. From the form of calcrete and the likely time for its formation, the duration of climate amelioration phase could be of the order of 10 ka for chalky and 15–20 ka for the hard nodule calcretes. Truncated calcrete profiles provided evidence of denudation prior to subsequent aeolian aggradation. These, besides the dynamism related to physiographic position, add further complexity in interpretation and it is quite possible that occasional episode is missed out. Nodule form is characteristic feature of calcretes. Chalky nodules reflect an early stage in the formation of hard, dense nodules that also involve some dissolution and re-precipitation of calcite mass. The process was accompanied by degradation of host minerals and formation of palygorskite even in these rather young calcretes. The δ13C values of calcretes lie in a narrow range and are typical of a C4 vegetation ecosystem. The δ18O values of calcrete are typical of those from slightly to moderately evaporated monsoon-sourced water.


Micro-Raman spectroscopy and the laser-induced transformation technique were used for systematic study of five coloured glazes on Saint John the Baptist (29 inch tondo), a majolica terracotta relief attributed to Luca Della Robbia and on permanent exhibit in The John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art. We suggest that Sj ions in a lead silicate matrix, called 'lead ultramarine', could contribute to the famous Della Robbia blue colour, in addition to the effect of Co atoms as suggested previously by Pappalardo et al. (2004). The original yellow glaze contains lead(II) antimonate. The green is a mixture of the yellow and blue pigments, the brown contains hematite, and the white glaze contains tin dioxide as an opacifier. The use of lead oxide as a main fluxing agent is confirmed by laser-induced micro-crystallization.


The levels and health risks of mercury (Hg), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were evaluated in twenty-nine commercial fish species collected from markets in Monrovia, Liberia. A mixture of HNO3, HClO4 and H2SO4 was used for complete oxidation of organic tissue. Total mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption technique using an automatic Mercury Analyzer; while the concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Estimation of the dietary exposure of the consumers to these metals were determined based on data from the American Food Consumption Index and the associated health risks were evaluated by comparing intakes with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes (PTWIs). The hazard quotient and total hazard index for the tested metals in all the species were less than the USEPA guideline value of 1, suggesting that the consumption of the tested fish species has no adverse health effects considering exposure to the tested metals.


Blind source separation problem whose solution is vital in numerous applications in communications. We are proposing a multistage procedure to separate N original sources from N instantaneous mixtures. The goal is to extract the parameters of the unknown mixture in a deflation approach. In each stage of the procedure a novel cost function is applied. The cost function is derived from the properties of the cdf (cumulative density function) to perform an appropriate independent measure by means of order statistics (OS) (unbiased estimator of the cdf). The key-point of this contribution is the adaptive algorithm applied to optimize our cost function using gradient descent techniques.


In this article we study the stochastic block model also known as the multi-type random networks (MRNs). For the stochastic block model or the MRNs we define the empirical group measure, empirical cooperative measure and the empirical locality measure. We derive large deviation principles for the empirical measures in the weak topology. These results will form the basis of understanding asymptotics of the evolutionary and co-evolutionary processes on the stochastic block model.


Passenger Road Transportation plays a pivotal role in India in bringing about greater mobility both within and between rural and urban areas. Through increased mobility it also contributes immensely to social and economic development of different regions of the country. In India, as in many other parts of the world, investment in road transport is treated as a part of public provision of services whereby one of the key objectives of this provision has been to meet the social obligations of an affordable, safe and reliable bus service to the people. The road transport mode in India has come to occupy a pivotal position in the overall transport system in India. Over the past four decades, the share of road transport in overall traffic flows has been continually increasing with a substantial shift from rail to road being observed. This mode is currently estimated to have a share of about 80% in passenger transport and 60% in freight transport. Despite such an impressive growth, it is increasingly being recognized that there is a wide gap between the demand for, and the supply of, road transport services, both from a qualitative as well as quantitative perspective. While the problem has been mainly due to the inefficient public sector management of its transport assets (especially in passenger transport services where it dominates), which has also stemmed from restrictive policy and implementation measures over a period of time.  The objective of the present study is to compare the consumer perception on service quality of public and private transport services in Tirunelveli district. The main aim of the study is to identify the perception of passengers towards reliability, convenience, cost and comfort of public and private transport. It is found that the majority of the passengers of public and private transports are moderately satisfied with the overall service quality of the public and private transports.


Natural enemies suppress many aphid populations, and yet, population outbreaks sometimes occur. The reasons predation fails to suppress such outbreaks are not clearly understood. While manipulating predators to examine their role in soybean aphid population growth, a natural immigration of soybean aphids occurred that enabled us to compare the roles immigration and predation played in population growth. Using predator exclusion cages, we found that predation on the top of the plant accounted for 42.3 ± 11.4% (mean ± SE) reduction in aphid population growth rates. When 90–100% of the canopy was exposed, predation failed to reduce aphid population growth because winged immigrants colonized plants, with an observed 6‐fold increase in alates compared to plants completely covered or exposing only the top nodes (approximately 10% of the total canopy). We conclude that reproduction by immigrants contributed to population growth rates sufficiently to compensate for predation. These results demonstrate that immigration can counteract high levels of predation and lead to aphid population growth rates that could result in outbreak population densities.


On the basis of ultrastructural observations, Botryllus schlosserioogenesis is divided into five stages, of which stages 1–3 and 4–5 refer to previtellogenic and vitellogenic phases, respectively. Special attention was paid to the mechanisms of acquisition of nutrient, organelle differentiation, yolk formation and relationships between oocyte and its complex investment.

In the gonadal blastema of young buds, small oocytes are recognized early, partially covered by a few primary follicle cells, the presumptive source of all the cellular envelopes of the fully grown oocyte. Some oocytes are seen in the zygotene–pachytene phase, characterized by synaptonemal complexes, but most are found at the end of the diplotene, when oocytes commonly stop meiosis, grow and migrate through blood vessels into blastozooids of successive generations. In laboratory animals, only 1–3 oocytes per blastozooid can reach complete maturity.

Detailed observations on the time of appearance and development of organelles, microvilli and endocytotic activity in growing oocytes are also reported. Ultrastructural differentiation and the relationships between oocytes and their envelopes all indicate that both auto– and hetero–synthetic mechanisms for yolk formation occur in B. schlosseri.These mechanisms and the possible role of egg envelopes in the process are discussed, comparing the large yolky eggs of B. schlosseriwith those of solitary species.


Objective: The case highlights the importance of specific non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors in a patient with premature severe cardiovascular disease, despite an apparently adequate control of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Design and method: Clinical Case. Results: We present the case of a 38 year-old female with Turner syndrome, with cardiovascular risk factors (mild dislypidemia, type 2 diabetes, grade 1 ESC/ ESH hypertension) who presents to the emergency department for newly-onset constrictive chest pain. Her chronic treatment consisted of a low-dose ACEi and metformin. Clinical exam was unremarkable, except for specific clinical phenotype, with normal BP values in both arms and without any signs of congestion. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm of 65 beats/min, narrow QRS, negative T waves in inferior leads, as well a Q wave in lead III. Hs- troponin (1046pg/ml, ULN: 10pg/ml) and NT-proBNP levels (820,9pg/ml) were elevated. Echocardiography revealed a normal ejection fraction, with localized hypokinesia of the inferior wall and no significant valvular disease. The aortic valve was tricuspid and no signs of aortic coarctaction were observed from the suprasternal view. Coronarography was performed, showing significant CAD, with multiple lesions on ADA, LCXA and RCA. The two suboclusive lesions from the RCA were addressed using two drug eluting stents. The evolution was favourable under specific treatment. The baseline levels of LDLc (117 mg/dl) and glycosylated haemoglobin (5,7%) were not as high as we initially expected, given the severe CAD. Furthermore, the ambulatory 24 h BP monitoring after discharge confirmed that the previous treatment with low-dose ACEi was efficient in maintaining the target BP values. Conclusions: Turner syndrome is associated with a variety of cardiovascular manifestations, such as aortic coarctation, which leads to secondary hypertension, as well as an increased risk of cardiovascular events. In our patient, the hypertension was essential, without any arguments for secondary hypertension, as we would have expected. Furthermore, despite the fact the patient exhibited several traditional cardiovascular risk factors, they were controlled within the recommended targets (with the exception of LDLc, slightly higher than 100 mg/dl). The disease duration appears to be critical, as the patient was diagnosed with hypertension more than 15 years ago. We concluded that the advanced premature CAD is most likely the result of the hormonal imbalance and lack of hormone replacement therapy, for which the patient was no longer eligible. Drastic control of traditional cardiovascular risk factors in this case will probably prove to be insufficient.


The invention relates to a cleaning device (110) for screen printing masters with a cleaning container (1) which is hermetically sealed against the outside and has a solvent tank (5) connected to the spray device (2) in the cleaning container (1) via a filter (6) and a circulating pump (7). The solvent tank is integrated beneath the cleaning container and has an overflow-type filter (12).


The present invention relates to an automatic separation frass stool culture apparatus and rearing method for mass breeding of maggots manure frass and enables automatic separation of frass. The apparatus includes a farming pond, the bottom of the cell culture with a slope of sand cement structure, masonry structure surrounded by walls, the pool deck pond breeding pool, on both sides of the high, middle low; lower intermediate pond at the bottom buried as long as the length of the pond and a drain, the drain pipe above the sewage drainpipe spaced vertically connected to the discharge hole, the hole cover has a discharge of sewage may leak insect collection bag; intermediate laying a drain pipe above the pond discharging plate, and the plate lay length as the length of the pond, manure corrugated arranged in the breeding pool. The present invention reduces the equipment cost manure breeding insects, reducing labor costs and improve the efficiency of breeding insects, space utilization, easy to operate, can be mechanized mass production, with frass automatically separated, collected insects convenient, easy cleaning Etc.


The invention discloses a La2O3 micro-crystal glass doped with rare earth ions. The micro-crystal glass comprises (mol %) SiO2 30-45, Al2O3 16-32, Li2O or Li2CO3 8-15, YF3 6-15, LiF 6-15, ReF3 0.1-8, wherein ReF3 is at least one selected from YbF3, ErF3, TmF3, HoF3 and NdF3. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing SiO2-Al2O3-Li2O-YF3-LiF-ReF3 glass, and performing heat treatment to obtain micro-crystal glass. The inventive micro-crystal glass has the advantages of short production period, low production cost, good transparency, good physicochemical properties, good physical and laser characteristics, and similar spectral characteristics as those of LiYF4 crystal doped with rare earth ions; and can be used in the fields of laser, optical fiber amplifier and three-dimensional display.


Water inrush is in the second place among the mine disasters in coalmine. In order to informationize impact factors of water inrush and evaluate risk of water inrush, we put forward a evaluation system of water inrush in coalmine based on J2EE. The J2EE, data warehouse, Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) and data mining technologies are used to build a multi-tier water inrush system based on J2EE. A new architecture for the DSS is proposed to describe the new application model. A method is presented to collect data from traditional operational database and to store the data to data warehouse and data mart. And Bayesian network model, single source model, multi-source model are realized to provide water inrush officers with efficient decision support.


Rivers react relatively quickly to epirogenetic movements. This is also confirmed through laboratory experiments (Ouchi, S. 1985; Marple, R. T. – Talwani, P. 1993; Twidale, P. 1996, 2004). Many river-related surface-forming processes and forms are used for studying fault activity, for example: channel formation, channel braided, variation of channel width, change of channel depth and river terraces (etc.). However, these processes and forms can be caused by climate change, so the form alone does not prove the structural activity of the area (Schumm , S. A. 1986, 2005; Pinter, N. C. 1996; Petrovszki J. 2013). Such morphological change is the development of river sinuosity, which is often used to justify the activity of faults. Several Hungarian and foreign researchers have been investigating this phenomenon, but have mainly examinied larger rivers. The purpose of this work is to examine the sinuosity of the Bukkalja creeks. I tested and refined the procedure associated with scaling in order to explain the possible causes of changes in the sinuosity of the creeks.


the role of retail provision in the expansion of the suburban fringe. 1 Jefferys's pioneering work on general trends has now been supplemented by several detailed studies, but as yet little of substance has been added to our scant knowledge of the various specialist retailers who seem to have traded in some cities from an early date. The purpose of this paper in looking at milk retailing in London between 1790 and 1914 is to outline the development of one trade which completely changed its nature in the nineteenth century. It will not be argued that the milk trade was typical of food retailing in general, or even that London was representative of the national evolution of milk selling, but it is hoped to show that studies of individual trades in their urban setting can contribute to our understanding of how the Victorian city economy behaved in the important everyday function of supplying retail goods. After an initial exploration of the development of types of milk retailing and a discussion of problems in interpreting available source material, the expansion of the trade will be considered structurally in terms of the "retailing revolution". The stability of the retailing price will then be shown to have been an important element of associated service provision by dairymen, especially in the doorstep delivery of milk. I Our modern experience of the separation of the production and sale of agricultural produce is quite inappropriate for an understanding of the milk trade in London in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The demand for regular doorstep delivery of previously ordered quantities, a key structural feature of the trade after about 1850, was rare before this date outside the wealthiest households. Milk was less of a convenience food than it is today, and contributed little to the average diet. Its purchase was either casual, in quantities small enough to prevent wastage caused by souring, or occasional, as part of the cream teas enjoyed by the frequenters of the pleasure gardens and resorts of peripheral London. Throughout the period there was a certain amount of producer-retailing, but the most common means of distribution from early times until at least the 1840s resulted from the first major division of labour in London's liquid milk trade. In the eighteenth century, vendors had become responsible for the majority of retail sales, and the "milkmaids" in particular entered the folklore of London's streets with their prominent role in the May Day celebrations, and 1 A select list in order of publication: J. B.Jefferys, Retail Trading in Britain, 1850-1950 (Cambridge, 1954); D. Davis, A History of Shopping (1966); J. Blackman, 'The Development of the Retail Grocery Trade in the Nineteenth Century', Business History, IX (1967); D. G. Alexander, Retailing in England during the Industrial Revolution (1970); M. T. Wild and F. Shaw, 'Locational Behaviour of Urban Retailing during the Nineteenth Century: The Example of Kingston upon Hull', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, LXI (1974); R. Scola, 'Food Markets and Shops in Manchester, 1770-1870', Journal of Historical Geography, 1 (1975); D. Sibley, 'The Small Shop in the City', University of Hull Occasional Paper in Geography, xxii (1975); J. Blackman, 'The Corner Shop: The Development of the Grocery and General Provision Trade', in D.J. Oddy and D. S. Miller, eds. The Making of the Modern British Diet (1976).


Despite the importance of tourist retention and loyalty, extant tourism research has provided little explanation as to why an individual tends to return to the same place year after year. Practical experience in the tourism industry shows that time plays a significant role in tourist retention, but the temporal impact on tourist revisit behavior has not been theoretically explored in the tourism literature. To fill this research gap, this research attempts to present a new perspective for understanding destination revisit. This study proposes the Temporal Destination Revisit Behavior (TDRB) concept in comparison to previous tourist typologies across the novelty-familiarity continuum, and suggests meaningful theoretical foundation for destination marketing.


Switching loss was large when the hard-switching inverter was operated at high frequency.A high frequency parallel resonant DC link soft-switching inverter was proposed to overcome the problem.Auxiliary resonant circuit was relatively simple.When DC-bus voltage decreased to zero via the resonance of the auxiliary circuit,all main switching devices in the inverter was operated under zero-voltage condition.Auxiliary switching devices was also operated under soft-switching in the resonant process.Furthermore,the bulk capacitor was avoided in the circuit and there was no center tap potential variation problem.The operation principle was analyzed based on the equivalent circuits at different operation modes.The conditions of soft-switching and the control method of the inverter were also achieved.A 5 kW laboratory prototype was built.The experimental results demonstrated that soft-switching operation of all switching devices were realized.Therefore,the soft-switching inverter presented effectively reduces switching loss and improves efficiency.


AbstractPolymers have been incorporated into asphalt as a way to mitigate permanent deformation at high performance temperatures for many years. There are several types of polymers used in asphalt ...


A biologically-inspired approach to robot route following is presented. Snapshot images of a robot's environment are captured while learning a route. Later, when retracing the route, the robot uses visual homing to move between positions where snapshot images had been captured. This general approach was inspired by experiments on route following in wood ants. The impact of odometric error and another key parameter is studied in relation to the number of snapshots captured by the learning algorithm. Tests in a photo-realistic simulated environment reveal that route following can succeed even on relatively sparse paths. A major change in illumination reduces, but does eliminate, the robot's ability to retrace a route.


Inthispaper, packaging process foratypical stacked three-chip packaging structure hasbeenstudied indetail by finite element analysis (FEA)method. Thesimulation shows that thermal stress mayresult indiecrack anddelamination before package hasbeenfinished. During theeachcuring process, thestresses ofjoints ofdieinthebottom layer are largest andthesystem reliability isnotlowered overthree layers die. Thepackage wouldbedestroyed mosteasily in cureIIstep. Failure rate ofupperdieisalso highinthecure III, astheEpoxyMolding Compound(EMC)canbring residual stress ofphase changing, andcombining FEAresults, thepackage structure hasbeenoptimized.


This note explores on the structure quantifier + no un + mas/menos that, according to the Nueva Gramatica de la Lengua Espanola (New Grammar of the Spanish Language), is considered a case of differential modifier affectin g a comparative nucleus pattern. Based on a series of exercises in structure and order distribu tion admitting constituents, a different structure is proposed for those cases where the qua ntifier is evaluative.


Economists have contributed much to the intellectual tradition concerning resource adequacy that dates at least to the time of Malthus, almost two hundred years ago. Not surprisingly, economists, like other writers, have tended to become polarized into optimistic and pessimistic schools of thought-Cornucopians and Malthusians. The optimistic school includes such names as Schultz, Barnett and Morse, and Simon, whereas Georgescu-Roegen, Daly, and Smith and Krutilla are economists of a more pessimistic persuasion. Strikingly, the more vocal of the pessimists have not been economists, as is illustrated by the work of Paul Ehrlich and Barry Commoner, as well as such studies as The Limits to Growth and Global 2000. I believe more agricultural economists are to be found in the camp of the Cornucopians than with the followers of Malthus, and I advance three reasons as an explanation: (a) Agricultural economists work with an industry where rapid technical change, particularly in the past three decades, has been the rule rather than the exception. The great expansion of agricultural output in this country has resulted from using new technology that has substituted capital for labor and natural resources. As a consequence, policy work of American agricultural economists since the 1920s has been more concerned with managing an abundance of agricultural commodities than with natural resource adequacy. No doubt this rapid technical change is a major reason agricultural economists have been among the pioneers in studying the causes of technical change and its returns. This is to the credit of the profession. If per capita food consumption is to continue to increase in the world, additional technical change in agriculture will be needed. Agricultural economists should continue to try to understand the causes of technical change and the incentives needed for its development and adoption. (b) Another reason agricultural economists have not been overly concerned with resource adequacy stems from their heavy reliance on the microeconomics of Hicks and the writings of Knight on the factors of production and substantial neglect of Marshall and Pigou on these same subjects. Since World War II, work on the economics of the firm in agricultural economics generally has denied any uniqueness of natural resources as these resources enter the production function for agricultural output. Agriculture has been linked to the remainder of the economy through the commodity markets on the output side and the labor and capital markets on the input side. Land, water, energy, and environmental quality have received relatively less attention on an industry level, and such work often was considered outside the mainstream of agricultural economics. To a degree, the work of the agricultural resource economists is considered an exception, for they have used externality and nonmarket valuation concepts in their research for more than two decades. Yet, this research has not significantly emphasized the contribution of natural resources to agricultural output, the Fellows Lecture.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence and relationship among anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and quality of life, along with factors affecting quality of life, on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study, and 200 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis who visited a single university hospital as outpatients were recruited through convenience sampling. Using a structured questionnaire, a survey was conducted regarding the general characteristics, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and quality of life. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis. Results: Results showed that lower levels of anxiety or depression and higher levels of self-esteem were associated with improved quality of life. Depression was identified as the main factor affecting quality of life, followed by anxiety, glucocorticoid treatment, time elapsed after diagnosis, and occupational status. Conclusion: These findings confirmed that depression, anxiety, and glucocorticoid medication are factors influencing quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Duration since diagnosis, and occupation should be considered in order to improve the quality of life of these patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The occupation and treatment-related characteristics of the patients must be considered, with particular focus on depression and anxiety.


Although research attention has been given to the modelling process for simultaneous demand‐output management in manufacturing systems, little interest has been demonstrated in service organisations despite the fact that such organisations face unique conditions that further complicate the demand‐output management issue. In response to this lack of emphasis, we review the relevant research from both marketing and operations management and present a cost‐effectiveness model for balancing demand and service output.


In this paper, a high-speed preamplifier is designed to be applied in serial link transceiver. The proposed structure has high gain, low power, high bandwidth and low input-referred noise voltage. In addition, this structure is simple and totally on chip. Since this circuit is usually used in the first stage, the noise consideration is very important and must be investigated carefully. The circuits are designed in differential mode to eliminate the differential noise of transmission lines. In order to increase the bandwidth, a capacitor and an active inductor are added to the circuit. The proposed preamplifier is simulated in 180nm CMOS technology. The power consumption of proposed preamplifier is 3.6 mW with 1.8 V power supply. The unity gain frequency of proposed preamplifier is 19.3GHz with a phase margin of 85 degrees. The total equivalent input noise v2/Hz. Finally, the Figure of Merit (FoM) of this preamplifier is 10.12MHz/μA.


Web-based process planning is an internet application for distributed and knowledge-sharing process planning providing important support for virtual enterprises. Route sheet documents are widely adopted as user interfaces for information input, output, browsing, sharing and integration. In traditional applications, data and their presentation in specially formatted route sheet documents are implemented together. Separation of data and their presentation is emphasized in this paper because not only can it provide multi-level and multi-orientation views of the same data, but it can also improve context-sensitivity in process planning by better information sharing. An eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-based method for route sheet presentation and implementation is proposed to support context-sensitive and web-based process planning. The route sheet document includes a declarative user interface, a tree-style data structure, and processing rules embedded in documents to support context-sensitive information processing. An XML application named Manufacturing Process XML (MPXML) was developed as a meta-language for description of manufacturing process information.


Thyroid cancer is one of the major types of cancers worldwide. A large amount of effort has been put in order to find the genetic basis of this cancer. Many genes have been reported before out of which claudin family is one of the example. The claudin protein family consists of more than 20 members which are made up of key structural rudiments inside the tight junction. The association of claudin-1 with the thyroid cancer has already been predicted experimentally. In order to investigate the genetic reason of human thyroid cancer computationally, the systematic analysis of claudin gene family has been carried out. To fulfill this task the bioinformatics methodologies are combined for the assessment of claudin gene family expressions. Results obtained showed and verified the association of CLDN1 member with the thyroid cancer.


The rapid development of computer technology and communication networks, and derived the related concept of cloud computing, and as time goes by, widely used in all walks of life, which, is the most typical applications in telecommunications network relations, status and characteristics of the basic concepts of this paper mainly on cloud computing to the cloud computation of be concise and to the point elaborated, and according to the relevant data a simple analysis of the practical application of this technology in the recommendation of friends, the relationship between customer value evaluation and community characteristics in the analysis of the situation.


We present explicit solutions of the signum-Gordon scalar field equation which have finite energy and are periodic in time. Such oscillons have strictly finite size. They do not emit radiation.


Melt blending with poly(ether-b-amide) copolymer (PEBA) was found to significantly enhance the toughness of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The miscibility, morphology, thermal behavior, mechanical properties and rheological behavior of the blends were investigated. DMA and DSC analysis revealed that the PLA/PEBA blends were immiscible. A clear, phase-separated morphology was observed from SEM results. The addition of PEBA enhanced the cold crystallization of the PLA in the blends and accelerated the crystallization rate due to the interfacial function between PLA and PEBA phases. Significant enhancement of the toughness of PLA was achieved by the incorporation of PEBA copolymer. The optimum impact modification of the PLA was obtained by blending with 20 wt% PEBA, with an elongation at break of 300% as compared to 5% for pure PLA. The impact strength was ten times higher than that of the pure PLA. SEM results showed that the interfacial cavitation followed by a massive shear yielding of the matrix contributed to the increased toughening effect in the blends. The rheological measurement revealed an interaction between PLA and PEBA in the melt state.


The box train operation business in India was liberalised in early 2006 and there are now 15 private licensees to operate container trains in competition with the government-backed Container Corporation of India (Concor). Ravindra Galhena reviews the progress to date.


Recently, the progressive contamination of photomasks has become a major concern for long-term LCD-TFT manufacturing, as it is the cause of significant defects. We have deciphered the chemical structure and growth mechanism of progressive contamination, and have devised an accelerated test procedure which simulates 2 years of TFT processes in order to determine how best to inhibit its growth (UG Series). By using the photomask with a new type of pellicle (UG series), we were able to inhibit the growth of progressive contamination to the extent that no contamination was confirmed on the photomask for approximately two years.


The use of economic clout by poor and middle class African Americans to secure social work professionals and foster social change is the subject of a historical case study. By collecting pennies, nickels and dimes from "friends," African Americans paid the salaries and expenses of the first "colored" workers in public welfare agencies in segregated and predominately rural North Carolina. One African American social worker was identified in the state in 1925. Four years later, twenty six African American social workers were employed in county welfare offices. This study concludes with urging a "raised consciousness" about people of color who act in their own self-interest in small, but significant ways. Social work educators are urged to teach students about people of color as "philanthropists and economic producers."


Experiments were carried out to study the effect of green manure planting and application on soil properties and enzyme activities during free time in greenhouse.The results showed that clover can produce 863 kg/acre of fresh grass;soybeans can produce 1 500~1 800 kg/acre fresh during two months of free time in greenhouse.Before the following vegetables will be Cultivated,green manure was ploughed out.Result of analyzing the soil index indicated the green manure by plant or application can effectively reduce the content of soil salt,improve the soil fertility and increase the enzyme activity,was feasible measures of restoring soil obstacle in solar greenhouse.Among them,clover was the best green manure,soybeans and black beans was not the difference between.


Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is affected by multiple factors, including vessel wall cells, extracellular matrix, genetic disorders, etc.; however, the pathophysiology of AAA remains unclear. We recently found that thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) is a signaling protein, and an increase of TYMP inhibits the proliferation of VSMCs, the major cell population that affects AAA progression. TYMP enhances platelet activity, thrombosis, and inflammation. These data suggest that TYMP may play a role in AAA formation. By using human AAA samples, we found that TYMP expression was significantly increased in AAA vessel walls than in healthy aortas. We thus further examined the role of TYMP in AAA formation using a mouse model. WT C57BL/6J and

 Tymp
 -/-

 mice were fed a western diet (TD.88137), started at 4 weeks (wks) old for 8 wks, and then received implantation of Ang II mini pump, which delivers Ang II to mice at a dose of 1 μg/kg/min for 4 wks. By echography, we found that Ang II perfusion dramatically increased inner aorta diameter at the diastolic phase in WT, but not

 Tymp
 -/-

 mice. Mice were sacrificed 4 wks after Ang II perfusion. AAA was confirmed in 3 of the 12 WT mice, but no AAA was found in all 11

 Tymp
 -/-

 mice used. The AAA was mainly formed at the suprarenal artery level. Histological examination confirmed the presence of freshly formed or fibrotic hematoma. By using TYMP overexpressing rat VSMC cell line, C2, and its control cells, PC, we found that TYMP increased MMP2 production, secretion, and activation, which was diminished by tipiracil, a selective TYMP inhibitor. Ang II did not affect extracellular MMP2 activity in both PC and C2. TYMP facilitated TNF-α induced MMP2 activation. TYMP induced constitutive AKT phosphorylation, which was further enhanced by TNF-α. TYMP increased expression of active TGFβ1. Consequently, TYMP significantly enhanced thrombospondin-1 type 1 repeat domain (TSR) stimulated TGFβ1 signaling activation and expression of CTGF, which is correlated with severe fibrotic disorders and AAA. In summary, our study, for the first time, demonstrated that TYMP, a pyrimidine salvage pathway enzyme, plays an important role in regulating vascular biology, especially, VSMC function. TYMP-mediated microenvironment changes enhance the development of AAA.


30TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE 2004 Large and detailed asynchronous (event-based) simulation models are widely used in the planning and analysis of systems such as manufacturing, logistics, and warfare. They have been used relatively little in financial analysis, especially as compared with continuous-time models. We believe the situation will change, starting early in the 21st century. Here we describe asynchronous simulation generally, and illustrate its capabilities in terms of a particular asynchronous and discrete-event stock market simulator, the JLM Market Simulator (JLM Sim). The JLM Sim is not a model of a market per se. Rather, it is a tool investors can use to create a model of the market using their own inputs. JLM Sim users can vary the number of securities, statisticians, portfolio analysts, investors, and traders in the simulated market and the decision rules they use. Prices are set endogenously, as new orders encounter already placed limit orders. At present, all JLM Sim investors are mean-variance investors; more advanced versions of JLM Sim later may accommodate additional investor types. Dynamic models may be described as synchronous, asynchronous, or continuous. Asynchronous simulation has some advantages over synchronous or continuous-time financial models.We summarize the salient features of the current JLM Sim and some desirable features that may be added to more advanced versions.


Silencer expansion type refrigeration cycle circuit using said muffler, and manufacturing method thereof. It is intended to obtain a silencer expansion type which is economical and highly reliable, in which the pulse waveform of a fluid is attenuated so that the vibration or sound is reduced. An expansion type muffler including an inlet for allowing a fluid to flow therein; a muffler body to expand the fluid flowing through said inlet; and an outlet for decompressing the fluid from said body and allow it to flow out; wherein the muffler body includes silencer chambers integrally molded with a through hole decompression / communication for decompressing the fluid, which chambers have different lengths from each other.


political theory seem as if it is a discussion internal to liberalism. This can be problematic in the context of migration because non-Westerners account for much of the human movement in the world, and a good percentage of that movement is between non-liberal states. Moreover, those approaching migration theory from other areas of political theory—such as International Relations—may find the philosophical focus of the book a little abstract at times. The somewhat narrow interpretation of political theory does not detract from the overall value of the book though. Those new to migration debates in political philosophy are fortunate to have Brock as their guide. For theorists already working in the field, the book is indispensable as both a research reference and teaching resource. Beyond academia, I particularly recommend Migration and Political Theory to those working in immigration policy, or even to journalists, as the book's structure makes the content accessible to non-philosophers. As Brock notes in her introductory section, homo sapiens have always been a migrating species. It thus seems reasonable on that basis alone to suppose that migration will continue to be an important political concern as the twenty-first century unfolds. Whether one comes to the topic from a realpolitik perspective, with an ideological bent, or even with an advocacy agenda, Migration and Political Theory outlines the moral frameworks that underpin the rights, restrictions, and responsibilities intrinsic to migration theory.


PURPOSE: An organic EL(electro-luminescence) element is provided to improve a transmissive ratio by forming a polarization plate formed on an outer surface of a glass substrate in a circular shape, and to elongate a lifetime of the element by reducing an operation voltage. CONSTITUTION: An organic EL element includes an anode(33), an organic layer laminated structure(35,37,39,41), and a cathode layer(43) on a glass substrate(31). A polarization plate(45) is provided on a surface of the glass substrate. The polarization plate is formed such that a transmissive ratio on a region corresponding to one of red, green and blue colors of a light emitting layer constituting the organic layer laminated structure is different from that of a region corresponding to other colors. The transmissive ratio of a region corresponding to the blue color is set to be 150 % through 2000 % higher than the region corresponding to the red color.


The invention discloses a urea tank heating system which comprises an engine, a urea tank, a fuel tank and an SCR tank. The urea tank heating system is characterized by further comprising a solenoid valve, a fuel return opening of the engine is communicated with a fuel inlet of the solenoid valve, a first fuel outlet of the solenoid valve is communicated with a fuel inlet of the urea tank, a second fuel outlet of the solenoid valve is communicated with a fuel return opening of the fuel tank, and a fuel outlet of the urea tank is communicated with the fuel return opening of the fuel tank. According to the urea tank heating system, the urea tank is heated through engine return oil instead of engine cooling fluid, crystallized and solidified automotive urea is molten rapidly, and the discharge value can meet the requirement of the discharge standard rapidly. Meanwhile, as the engine return oil is used for heating, the heating effect of a fan heater can be improved. In addition, the pipeline of the urea tank heating system is redesigned, so that the pipeline structure is simplified, assembly efficiency is improved, and the heating effect of the urea tank is enhanced.


The article describes an approach to the implementation of a software package for determining the probability of a collision of a mobile robot with obstacles. This approach is based on a neural network model with attention. Key feature is the method of the training dataset generation: the labeling of obstacles and the values of the probability of collision with them is performed not in manual mode, but using a deterministic algorithm that uses the result of semantic segmentation using another pre-trained neural network. This method allows to use a poorly detailed description of the external environment for training convolutional neural networks with attention on the example of recognizing obstacles when a mobile robot moves in simulation mode. At the same time, low detail allows to reduce the time-consuming process of manual data labeling due to automatically generated sampling in the NVIDIA Isaac environment, and the attention mechanism allows to increase the interpretability of the analysis results.


This collection of 17 essays is the latest attempt within the mobilities paradigm at theorizing the complex terrain between temporary mobility and permanent migration. Thumbing through the diverse ...


"The contribution presents evidence of the role played by personal and organizational characteristics of employees in the experience of meaningful work. As referred to the individuals' experience of value and significance of their work, meaningful work is a critical working phenomenon both for individuals (e.g., individuals' well-being) and organizations (e.g., workers' productivity). Therefore, a large number of studies have tried to understand its antecedents, however, it is still not clear about how and to what extent personal and organizational characteristics are associated with meaningful work. For instance, it is unclear the roles of a higher level of education as well as financial returns or good working conditions (e.g., high level of salary and good health insurance) for the pursuit of meaningful work. The contribution considers such a need for knowledge and aims to understand the antecedent role of personal and organizational characteristics in the experience of meaningful work. 570 Italian employees participated in a cross-sectional study that comprised measures of meaningful work and related facets, as well as questions on personal and organizational characteristics. Data were analyzed via the MANOVAs and results showed significant associations with meaningful work dimensions and personal characteristics, such as education, social class and health as well as organizational characteristics, such as job contract, job sector and salary."


As a social romance,Sea of Hatred writes society as its main contents,but it attributes its main achievements to the description of love.The novel describes a kind of love which is noble and equal like modern love,and it also pays attention to traditional filial piety.It reveals that human nature,profound and complicated,is full of weaknesses and flaws,thus making contributions to the artistic achievements of modern popular fictions.However,the artistic weakness in this novel also reveals modern popular fictions.


The authors provide the technique of underdriving paired ventricular stimulation as a variant of treating drug-resistant tachycardias and a formula of calculating rhythm inhibition and the impulse delay. Basing on the stimulation pathophysiology and positive shifts in hemodynamics, the validity of this stimulation, its advantages and indications are inferred.


Phonetic transcriptions are often manually encoded in a pronunciation lexicon. This process is time consuming and requires linguistic expertise. Moreover, it is very difficult to maintain consistency. To handle these problems, we present a model that produces Korean pronunciation variants based on morphophonological analysis. By analyzing phonological variations frequently found in spoken Korean, we have derived about 800 phonemic contexts that would trigger the applications of the corresponding phonemic and allophonic rules. In generating pronunciation variants, morphological analysis is preceded to handle variations of phonological words. According to the morphological category, a set of finite state automata tables reflecting phonemic context is looked up to generate pronunciation variants. Our experiments show that the proposed model produces mostly correct pronunciation variants of phonological words consisting of several morphemes.


Abstract When sea surface temperatures are prescribed at its lower boundary, the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) produces a realistic simulation of planetary boundary layer (PBL) stratocumulus cloud incidence. Despite this success, net surface solar fluxes are generally overpredicted in comparison to Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) derived data in regions characterized by persistent stratocumulus cloud decks. It is suggested that this deficiency is due to the highly simplified formulation of the PBL cloud optical properties. A new formulation of PBL cloud optical properties is developed based on an estimate of the stratocumulus cloud liquid water path. The January and July mean net surface solar fluxes simulated by the revised AGCM are closer to ERBE-derived values in regions where stratocumulus clouds are frequently observed. The area-averaged estimated error reductions range from 24 (Peru region) to 53 W m−2 (South Pacific storm track re...


Sabine T. Kriebel's Revolutionary Beauty is the most thorough study to date of the Communist photomontage artist John Heartfield's work for the Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung ( AIZ ) in the late 1920s and 1930s. Kriebel analyses Heartfield's production through the frame of 'suture', a concept she derives from film theory. She argues that Heartfield's work at once stimulated collective solidarity at the same time as it cultivated habits of visual suspicion and active political thinking in ways that may not have always coincided with official Communist aesthetic doctrine. Although Kriebel's approach yields many valuable insights, there is nonetheless a danger that her theory of subject-formation may preclude a more critical understanding of representative politics as a form of mediation.


Abstract One of the major contributions of historical study of emotion, along with the analysis of changing emotional standards, involves exploring the consequences of change. This article sketches the principal features of the historical approach in emotions research. It focuses particularly on the emergence of a new, twentieth‐century emotional style in the United States, more informal but also more hostile to intensity than the characteristic nineteenth‐century style. This change itself resulted from a number of forces, including the rise of corporate management and the service sector, and the new culture helped translate these forces into novel behaviours. The culture helped shape alterations in public life, after the new standards were consolidated. In the United States, changes in law, including defence in jealousy‐motivated homicide and in divorce law, reflected the shifts in emotional norms. The same norms also helped to reshape the presentations of political candidates, including oratorical forms...


In order to improve comprehensive evaluation of power quality to be more objectively and scientifically, based on weighted Principal Component Analysis, a method of Power Quality comprehensive evaluation for power quality. The method improves the traditional principal component analysis, combining PCA with AHP organically. First, use the improved AHP to determine the weights of original indexes; then, instead of the original indicators of the comprehensive principal component index, use the variance contribution rate of the principal component as the principal component weight; finally, use the linear weighted value of the principal components as a comprehensive assessment. Examples shows that the weighted principal component analysis can evaluate power quality simple, rapidly and accurately.


Overtopping events may cause different failure modes depending on overtopped flow characteristics. Most of the studies about overtopping hazard analysis link the damages caused by the overtopping event to its mean overtopping discharge (q), which provides no information about overtopped flow characteristics or its spatial distribution. In this paper it is presented a non intrusive measurement system based on video imagery techniques and optical level sensors (OLS), which aim is to obtain overtopped highly aerated flows´ principal characteristics: velocity, volume, and density, in order to deep in the knowledge of this phenomenon, and minimizing the damages that it may cause to port´s infrastructures and exploitation


Blood and body fluid Exposure is a major occupational safety problems for health care workers. Therefore, we conducted a descriptive and retrospective study to identify the characteristics of blood exposure accidents in health care settings which lasted five years (2005-2009) at the two university hospitals of Sfax. We have 593 blood exposure accidents in health care settings 152 (25.6%) health personnel and 441 (74.4%) trainees' doctors, nurses and health technicians. The mechanism of blood and body fluid exposure was accidental needle-stick injury in 78.9% of health staff, and 81% of trainees, accidental cut in 14.7% of health workers and 10.2% of trainees. The increasing severity of blood exposure accidents is linked to the lack of safe behavior against this risk.


Background: Primary health problems among school children are rarely disaggregated between urban and rural areas. This report describes findings in children examined during school health visits in a rural region in South Lebanon. Methods: Medical visits were carried out in four public schools in the Qana region, district of Sour, between December 2007 and May 2008. Results: A total number of 887 students were examined. Age varied between 4 and 16 years old.  The majority (78%) had a normal weight for their age. Around 7.1 % of males and 3.5 % of females were considered obese for their age. The most frequent abnormality found was dental caries (59%). In addition, 14% of students had cerumen earplugs, and 3.6% had untreated defective visual acuity. Cases of pediculosis (n=62) were found in just one school, indicating a local outbreak of limited scope. Conclusions: There were only minor differences between health problems in this rural area and those measured in an urban area 10 years earlier. Dental problems continued to be predominant. In future campaigns, health education sessions should be conducted about personal hygiene and adequate nutrition with students, teachers and/or parents, in parallel to conducting the medical visits.


Simulation Interoperability allows systems that have been developed using different technologies on different operating systems to work together. The Joint Comma nd, Control and Communications Information Exchange Dat a Model, Coalition Battle Management Language and Mil itary Scenario Definition Language define formatted schem as that can be used to communicate information during a sce nario. The Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) is u sed to create models whose behavior is defined in response to events in the simulated environment. RISE provides a web-b ased interface for executing DEVS models. We present an application that uses formatted messaging to intera ct with a DEVS model running on the RISE server. The purpose of this is to demonstrate that a DEVS model can be executed as part of a larger, web-enabled synthetic environment.


Pollutants discharge modeling was caried out in the watershed of Mankyung and Dongjin rivers.The watershed and polutants source information extracted and analysed by the GIS tool was used as the modelinput parameters. This model was calibrated by comparison of the measured and computed monthly freshwaterdischarge and water quality(WQ) concentration. The compared WQ data are the ten-year-mean WQ concentra-tion and monthly WQ concentration in 1999. The results show that the watershed runof is underestimated insummer season, although the seasonal trends are relatively wel estimated. The WQ concentrations were alsorelatively well estimated except Iksancheon. The computed concentration was much lower than the observedconcentration in Iksancheon because of the effect of poluted sediment. Thus, the effects of poluted sediment onwater column need further study through measuring and analysing the degre of the sediment contamination.


The rural road in Fujian Province can't use the actual design specification for road indiscriminately,because of the imbalance of the region economy,the complicated condition,the dispersive inhabitant and the special conveyance.According as the special conveyance of rural road,the design vehicle was confirmed and the feasible alignment standard was established.The results can provide the guidance for rural road construction.


BACKGROUND
Intermittent shedding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) in semen occurs despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and suppressed blood HIV-1 RNA levels.

METHODS
We assessed the frequency, magnitude, and correlates of seminal HIV-1 RNA shedding in HIV-1-infected African men initiating ART.

RESULTS
Seminal HIV-1 RNA was detected in 24% (37 of 155), 10% (5 of 49), and 11% (8 of 70) of samples collected 0-3, 4-6, and >6 months after ART initiation. When blood HIV-1 levels were suppressed, seminal HIV-1 RNA was detected in 8% (16 of 195), and 82% (13 of 16) had an HIV-1 RNA load of < 1000 copies/mL.

CONCLUSIONS
Seminal HIV-1 RNA shedding was infrequent and present at low levels in HIV-1-infected African men with suppressed blood HIV-1 RNA.


Background: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between skin disease, noncommunicable diseases and its causing factors in mining area of Joda, Odisha. Methods: We conducted a community-based,Multivariate logistic Regression model to investigate the association by Using self-report questionnaire to assess skin diseases, non-communicable and vector borne diseases are used as a reference group to compare the skin diseases and vector borne diseases. The data of 106 people were available for analysis in this Study. Multiple regression models controlling for confounding factors to include various variables were performed to explore the relationship between skin diseases, noncommunicable diseases and its causing factors in mining area of Joda Results: It is found that skin diseases is less common in younger people in mining area. Farmers Have less skin diseases as compared to mining labour. People who took a bath in the river have more skin diseases as compare to other diseases. And All these variables are significant ( p value <0.05) . Multiple regression analysis indicated skin diseases is associated with age , sex ,occupation and source of water Independently and significantly. Conclusion: .Hence in our study we concluded that the majority of person affected by skin diseases 76% then 17% Non-communicable diseases and followed by 5.6 % vector borne diseases, Skin diseases were more prevalent in mining area. Iron ore play one of the key factors for skin diseases . Farmers have less skin disease, so agriculture should be promoted in mining area. It can minimize skin diseases. A person who used the river for bathing had more skin diseases as compared to other diseases.


There are three major parts of environmental ethics: anthropocentrism;un-anthropocentrism;sustainable development theory.The environmental ethics of sustainable development surpasses and holds with the two schools,the goal of which is harmonious development.


Seven species of fish (salmon, mackerel, catfish, two species of phytophagous fish, cod liver, bream) were studied for their oil fatty acids composition. Crude fish oils were obtained by standard Soxlet extraction method. Identification and quantitative measurement of fish oils fatty acids were carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and by H-NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen individual fatty acids were identified using GC-MS technique. GC-MS was applied on fatty acids methyl esters. Identification of fatty acids from oil samples was made using a standard mixture of 37 fatty acid methyl esters. H-NMR spectroscopy gives information about classes of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. By this method can also determine the ω-3 and docosahexaenoic fatty acid content. Using both analytical methods, polyunsaturated fatty acids important for human health (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids) were identified and quantified.


Adult peripheral neurons can regenerate after axonal damage. Large changes in gene expression occur in the cell bodies of these axotomized neurons, including decreases in expression of a number of proteins used for synaptic transmission and increases in expression of a number of proteins involved in regeneration. The signals that trigger these changes are just beginning to be elucidated. One characteristic of axotomized sympathetic, sensory, and motor neurons is that they increase expression of two neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide and galanin. These peptides may play important roles in the survival and regeneration of axotomized neurons deprived of their target-derived trophic factors. Recent studies have demonstrated two important signals in the induction of these peptides in sympathetic neurons: one is the release of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) by non-neuronal cells in the vicinity of the injured neurons and the other, the removal of target-derived nerve growth factor (NGF). Furthermore, there is a synergistic interaction between these two events whereby the removal of NGF alters the responsiveness of neurons to LIF. Future efforts will hopefully determine the extent to which LIF and NGF signal other aspects of the cell body response and the mechanisms that underlie these actions. NEUROSCIENTIST 3:176-185, 1997


The rearrangement of 5-cholestene to (20epsilon)-13(17)-diacholestenes, separation of C-20 epimers, and further reduction provided an unambiguous synthesis of the biomarkers (20R)- and (20S)-13..beta..,17..cap alpha..(H)-diacholestanes. Repetition of this sequence using (24R)-5-campestene or (24R)-5-stigmastene provided the analogous C/sub 28/ and C/sub 29/ diasteranes. 15 references, 1 figure.


Abstract. Paleoclimate archives, such as high-resolution ice core records, provide a means to investigate long-term (multi-centennial) climate variability. Until recently, the Law Dome (Dome Summit South) ice core record remained one of few long-term high-resolution records in East Antarctica. A new ice core drilled in 2017/2018 at Mount Brown South, approximately 1000 km west of Law Dome, provides an additional high-resolution record that will likely span the last millennium in the Indian Ocean sector of East Antarctica. Here, we compare snowfall accumulation rates and sea salt concentrations in the upper portion (~21 m) of the Mount Brown South record, and an updated Law Dome record over the period 1975–2016. Annual sea salt concentrations from the Mount Brown South record preserves a stronger signal for the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO; in austral winter and spring, r = 0.521, p


A novel method for the calibration of analytical instruments for the measurement of peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) was investigated. The commercially available calibration system employs the quantitative conversion of NO standard mixtures of known concentration in a photochemical flow reactor. The results obtained in this study showed that the NO to PAN conversion efficiency is 92±3% (1 σ) over a wide range of operational conditions. The sum of all identified products (PAN, CH 3 ONO 2 , NO 2 and NO) amounts to 98±5%. The precision of the PAN calibration unit is <±0.5%, after a burn in period of 1 h. Comparison of two different units using the same NO standard showed agreement within 1%. The comparison of 5 different units with different NO-calibration standards during the Berlin Ozone Experiment showed agreement within 10%. The new calibration unit provides an easy to use and accurate method for the calibration of PAN analyzers.


The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) protein family is highly evolutionarily conserved and they have been implicated in many biological processes. Also, TGF-β can exert pivotal functions in the immune system. It is widely accepted that regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play an important role in the maintenance of the immune homeostasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms through which they can gain and/or perform suppressive functions in an active way remains to be defined. Though the engagement of TGF-β in the Treg cells has been discounted for a period of time, an emerging body of data has established a close link between Treg cells and TGF-β, as TGF-β has been demonstrated to induce the expression of Foxp3, which acts as a master regulator for the development and function of Treg cells. We will, herein, focus on the crucial role of TGF-β signaling in Treg cell biology and summarize the current studies regarding TGF-β in the generation and function of CD4+CD25+Treg cells both in vivo and in vitro.


Abstract Age structure, total annual mortality, and mortality caps (maximum mortality thresholds established by managers) were investigated for walleye Sander vitreus (formerly Stizostedion vitreum) populations sampled from eight Kansas reservoirs during 1991–1999. We assessed age structure by examining the relative frequency of different ages in the population; total annual mortality of age-2 and older walleyes was estimated by use of a weighted catch curve. To evaluate the utility of mortality caps, we modeled threshold values of mortality by varying growth rates and management objectives. Estimated mortality thresholds were then compared with observed growth and mortality rates. The maximum age of walleyes varied from 5 to 11 years across reservoirs. Age structure was dominated (≥72%) by walleyes age 3 and younger in all reservoirs, corresponding to ages that were not yet vulnerable to harvest. Total annual mortality rates varied from 40.7% to 59.5% across reservoirs and averaged 51.1% overall (SE = 2....


'Metamorphoses; focuses on the Metamorphoses, widely considered Ovid's masterpiece. The Metamorphoses is a collection of transformation stories, but the principle of change characterizes every layer of the poem. The Metamorphoses is Ovid's only epic poem, thus in form a departure from the elegiac tradition he otherwise champions. But Ovid's epic is devoted to destabilizing the order and certainties that conventional epic, such as Virgil's Aeneid, was designed to uphold, and metamorphosis as a theme is well adapted to advance that end. The metamorphic character of the Metamorphoses is not restricted to explicit descriptions of shape-shifting, but affects its narrative form, even its generation of meaning. The Metamorphoses is thus Ovid's most ambitious exploration of the nature of poetry, an astonishingly sophisticated performance, but it is better known as a collection of brilliantly memorable tales, Midas' golden touch, Narcissus, Icarus, Pygmalion, a tour de force in storytelling. The poem has in fact served as the authoritative encyclopaedia of Graeco-Roman folklore. The freshness and vibrancy of Ovid's storytelling has a lot to do with the irreverent and self-conscious approach he adopts to writing an epic poem.


As sudden illumination change occurs in video sequences current,moving target detection algorithms provide low accuracy and higher false results,so an algorithm combined with illumination compensation is proposed in this paper.At first,stable background areas are extracted by applying chromatic invariants,and illumination change degree is determined by combining with the history of moving objects.Then,the image sequences are compensated by the diagonal model,and the model parameters are respectively calculated through interval estimation and codebook cluster for the global and local illumination changes.Moving objects detection is achieved by background subtraction finally.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is applicable to moving object detection in dynamic scenarios and provides higher detection accuracy and stability.


It still remains unclear whether muscular activity on the treadmill (T) differs compared to overground (0) running. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine possible differences in muscular activation between T and 0. 14 healthy runners were analyzed in a neutral running shoe at 12 km·h -1 on a treadmill and in a field test. Muscular activity (EMG) of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and soleus were measured. Time and amplitude quantities were assessed during the gait cycle. The EMG of the peroneus longus exhibited a later onset, a later maximum and shorter total time of activation (p < 0.05) in 0. The soleus showed a higher amplitudes in 0 during the push-off phase (p < 0.05). Altered peroneus longus activity may indicate its role as an ankle stabilizer and demonstrates a compensatory response due to changing mechanical conditions. Weaker amplitudes of the soleus in the push-off during T suggest adaptation to the movement of the treadmill belt, and/or changes in load receptor input. Differences in muscle activity between T and 0 running must thus be taken into consideration in studies of neuromuscular control of movement.


The invention provides a Wheatstone bridge device and a debugging method of the Wheatstone bridge device. The Wheatstone bridge device comprises a Wheatstone bridge and a current source set which is connected with the power supply end and the output ends of the Wheatstone bridge. The current source set comprises a plurality of current sources, one end of each current source is connected with the power supply end through a switch element, and the other end of each current source is connected with the positive output end and the negative output end through a positive switch and a negative switch. According to the Wheatstone bridge device and the debugging method of the Wheatstone bridge device, voltages output from the positive output end of the Wheatstone bridge and voltages output from the negative output end of the Wheatstone bridge are made equal or basically equal by adjusting currents output by the current source set, and therefore errors, namely, offset voltages, caused by mismatching of resistors in the Wheatstone bridge can be very conveniently eliminated or basically eliminated.


Chemical and mineralogical compositions of manganese ores from Central Asia deposits are investigated. The ores consist of the following minerals: pyrolusite, manganite, psilomelane, hausmannite, magnetite, hydrogoethite, calcite, quartz. Sample ore No.1 is regarded to be rich and quality ore since manganese content in it is approximately 54% and P/Mn ratio equals to 0.002. The given ore is the universal raw material for manganese ferroalloy production.


The power-driven waterweed harvesting ship of 9SCGC-1.5 model was devised by Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Chaoyang City based on long time investigation and research. This article deals with the structure,major technical points,technical parameters,and main features of the ship. The practice of the waterweed harvesting ship over the years has shown that the devised ship is capable of operating in artificial or natural lakes and it can meet the design requirements in various performance indexes.


Sensitive files in computer systems such as executable programs, configuration, and authorization information have a great importance of their own, in terms of both confidentiality and functionality. To protect sensitive files, an effective approach named as file integrity monitoring is proposed to detect aggressive behaviors by verifying all the actions on these sensitive files. However, due to semantic gap problems, current file integrity monitoring tools are incapable of monitoring files in memory, so that an illegal modification of a file may bypass the detection by deliberately hiding itself inside the cache without actually committing to the disk. In this paper, we propose a runtime sensitive file integrity monitoring system named Vanguard, to satisfy the requirement of cache-level file protection. It can monitor both IO operations and cache operations, thereby deterring the illegal file accesses. To achieve the cache-level monitoring, we explore the techniques to detect when sensitive files are loaded into and swapped out from the operating system page cache. Vanguard is isolated from the monitored system so it is hard to be subverted. We implement Vanguard on QEMU/KVM platform, and both Linux and Windows guest operating systems are supported. We conduct several experiments, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of Vanguard and imply that our method incurs acceptable overhead.


The effects of surface crust strength on emergence of pearl millet, cotton and guar (Cyamopsis psoraliodes) [C. Tetragonoloba] were studied on a Hissar sandy loam soil in which the crust contained a higher amount of silt and clay than the soil beneath it. Seedling emergence of all 3 crops decreased significantly with increasing surface crust strength. Seedling emergence was increased by sowing 2 seeds/hole rather than 1 seed/hole and by coarser seedbed preparation. On the basis of their critical crust strength values, cotton and pearl millet were more susceptible to soil crusting than guar. The adverse effects of soil crusting were reduced by surface application of strips of organic material


Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) and Laplace DLTS (LDLTS) techniques have been employed to study defects in n-type GaAs grown by MBE on (100) and (211)B GaAs planes. The DLTS spectra were different for the two GaAs substrate orientations. Five and four defect states are found in samples grown on (100) and (211)B GaAs planes, respectively with activation energies ranging from 0.054 eV to 0.570 eV. For all of the traps observed in our samples we obtained small activation energies as compared to the previous data published in literature on n-GaAs samples grown by MBE. This can be explained by the fact that the emission of the carriers depends on the applied electric field and temperature dependence of the carrier concentration. These two phenomena seem to explain the small trap energies seen in our samples. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Mycotoxins are byproducts of fungi (fusaria) metabolism in crops in the field during production and in storage. There are many species of fusaria that produce mycotoxins. However, deoxynivalenol (DON) produced by Fusarium graminearum is most ubiquitous and mainly responsible for the observed toxicological impacts of mycotoxins in swine and poultry productions probably due to F. graminearum ability to produce more than one mycotoxin. Presence of DON in rations consumed by livestock, particularly swine and poultry negatively impact animal growth and performance with its attendant economic losses. Poultry have the ability to tolerate DON more than swine. This trend has resulted in diverting mycotoxins-contaminated grains for poultry feeding. However, this is still dangerous since diets formulated with mycotoxins also impact poultry production negatively, especially layers. Special precautions therefore should be taken before graincontaining mycotoxins are incorporated into poultry feeds, particularly during the so-called "fusarium years."


The influence of local surface roughness of rotor blades on the performance of axial compressor stages were investigated through numerical simulation with local surface roughness added on the suction and pressure surfaces of rotor blades of realistic compressor stage NASA Stage35. First of all, the reliability of a commercial computational fluid dynamic code was validated and the computed performance maps showed a good agreement with experimental data from literatures. Numerical results indicated that the increase in surface roughness in most of the local positions may cause the deterioration of compressor stage performance. The amplitude of decrease in compressor performance due to the addition of surface roughness in outer and inner portions of the span and the area near the leading edge of the rotor blades would be much greater than that in the region near the trailing edge. The roughness added to the pressure surface near the leading edge had less impact on the stage characteristics, including the mass flow rate at the choked point. Thus the compressor characteristic got close to that under normal conditions and showed a wider stable operating range. The mass flow in the choked region and the adiabatic efficiency were less affected by the roughness added to the region near the trailing edge of pressure surface from rotor blades. However, this scheme mentioned before would increase the total pressure ratio to some extent, with the adverse effect of adding roughness on the corresponding suction surface.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Background. Hemodynamic changes and consequent low-density lipoprotein (LDL) filtration play an important role in the atherosclerotic plaque development of coronary arteries. In this pilot controlled case study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between parameters derived from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and risks (both current and long-term) of coronary atherosclerosis. Methods. We reconstructed geometric models from the baseline computed tomography (CT) angiography of two subjects, one patient and one healthy control, and performed CFD simulations. We estimated the current risk of ischemia by fractional flow reserve (FFR). We estimated the potential risk of plaque development by wall shear stress (WSS) and LDL filtration rate with follow-up clinical imaging validation. We investigated the effects of simulation methods (transient/static) and rheological models (Newtonian/Carreau–Yasuda) by comparing the corresponding results (FFR, WSS and LDL filtration rate) in the patient's left anterior descending coronary artery. Results. In baseline CFD simulation, FFR indicated mild current ischemic risk of the patient, in accordance with existing angina pectoris. Baseline WSS and LDL filtration rate results were related with in vivo plaque development. The plaque-growth locations in follow-up CT angiogram coincided with areas of low WSS and high LDL filtration rate in the baseline simulation. The LDL filtration rate delineated more specific risky areas than WSS. Between transient and static results, the difference of FFR was less than 5% in the whole model. As to WSS and LDL filtration rate the transient/static difference was within 20% in most areas, but rose up to 50% for WSS and even higher for LDL filtration rate, in areas with low WSS and high LDL filtration rate. As to rheological effects, Newtonian/Carreau–Yasuda difference was negligible for FFR throughout the model, within 30% for WSS and LDL filtration rate in major areas, and 50% or higher in certain segments where low WSS and high LDL filtration rate existed. Conclusion. CFD results appeared to be related with in vivo development of coronary atherosclerosis. Simulated FFR and its threshold value 0.8 demonstrated the ischemic risk. Both WSS and LDL filtration rate could indicate areas of plaque growth.