In recent years, we have seen the development of new TEX engines, X E TEX and LuaTEX, adopting OpenType font technology for providing Unicode typesetting support. While there are already plenty of OpenType text fonts available, both from the TEX community and from commercial font suppliers, there is little support for OpenType math fonts so far. Ironically, it was left to Microsoft to develop a de facto standard for OpenType math font information and to provide the first reference implementation of a full-featured OpenType math font. In order to develop the much-needed math support for Latin Modern and TEX Gyre fonts, it will be crucially important to develop a good understanding of the internals of OpenType math tables, much as it is necessary to develop a good understanding of Appendix G and TEX's \fontdimen parameters to develop math support for traditional TEX fonts. In this paper, we try to help improve the understanding of OpenType math internals, summarizing the parameters of OpenType math fonts as well as illustrating similarities and differences between traditional TEX math fonts and OpenType math fonts. 1 Background on OpenType math In recent years, the TEX community has been going through a phase of very significant developments. Among the most important achievements, we have seen the development of new TEX engines, X E TEX and LuaTEX, providing support for Unicode and OpenType font technology. At about the same time we have also seen the development of new font distributions, Latin Modern and TEX Gyre, provided simultaneously in Type 1 format as a set of 8-bit font encodings as well as in OpenType format. Together these developments have enabled TEX users to keep up with current trends in the publishing industry, providing users of the new TEX engines with a comprehensive set of free OpenType fonts and enabling them to take advantage of the many offerings by commercial font suppliers. As far as text typesetting is concerned, support for OpenType font technology in the new TEX en∗ First published in Biuletyn GUST 25 (2009), pp. 7–16, proceedings of the BachoTEX XVII conference. Reprinted with permission. gines is already very advanced, supporting not only traditional typographic features of Latin alphabets, but also addressing the very complex and challenging requirements of Arabic typography. However, when it comes to math typesetting, one of the traditional strongholds of TEX, support for Unicode and OpenType math is only just beginning to take shape. Ironically, it was left to Microsoft to develop the first system to offer support for Unicode math. When Microsoft introduced support for math typesetting in Office 2007 [1, 2], they extended the OpenType font format and commissioned the design of Cambria Math [3] as a reference implementation of a fullfeatured OpenType math font. Fortunately for us, Microsoft was smart enough to borrow from the best examples of math typesetting technology, thus many concepts of OpenType math are not only derived from the model of TEX, but also go beyond TEX and introduce extensions or generalizations of familiar concepts. While OpenType math is officially still considered experimental, it is quickly becoming a de facto standard, as it has already been widely deployed to millions of installations of Microsoft Office 2007 and it is also being been adopted by other projects such as the FontForge [4] font editor and independent font designs such as Asana Math [5]. Most importantly, support for OpenType math has already been implemented or is currently being implemented in the new TEX engines, thus adopting OpenType math for the development of the muchneeded Unicode math support for Latin Modern and TEX Gyre obviously seems to be a most promising choice of technology. 2 Design and quality of math fonts When it comes to developing math fonts, designing the glyph shapes is only part of the job. Another part, which is equally important, is to adjust the glyph metrics of individual glyphs and to set up the global parameters affecting various aspects of glyph positioning in math typesetting. As we have discussed at previous conferences, the quality of math typesetting crucially depends on the fine-tuning of these parameters. Developing a good understanding of these parameters will therefore become an important prerequisite to support the development of new math fonts. In the case of traditional TEX math fonts, we have to deal with the many \fontdimen parameters which have been analyzed in Bogusław Jackowski's paper Appendix G Illuminated and a follow-up paper by the present author [6, 7].


In this paper the sensor model evaluation and DEM generation for CARTOSAT-1 pan stereo data is described. The model is tested on CARTOSAT-1 data provided under the ISPRS-ISRO Cartosat-1 Scientific Assessment Programme (C-SAP). The data has been evaluated using the along track Kepler model which is developed in UCL, and the Rational Polynomials Coefficient model (RPCs) model which is included in Leica Photogrammetry Suite (LPS). DEM is generated in LPS. The UCL model is a rigorous model based on the modified collinearity equations where the satellite motion during the acquisition time is simulated. On the other hand the RPCs model is provided with the images. In a few words the RPCs model should be refined using a least four GCPs in order to reach to an accepted accuracy close to pixel. The accuracy is not improved if more GCPs are involved in the solution. The UCL model as it is described in this paper is capable to reach better accuracy than RPCs model (two-three times). In DEM generation the accuracy is within the specification of the map products.


The invention relates to a compound propolis composition to increase the lactation yield of livestock and a preparation method thereof. The composition is prepared via mixing of the following components according to the weight parts: 15-35 parts of propolis, 15-35 parts of angelica sinensis, 15-45 parts of scorch-fried fructus hordei germinatus, scorch-fried hawthorn fruit and scorch-fried medicated leaven, 15-45 parts of cowherb seeds, 15-45 parts of astragalus mongholicus, 15-35 parts of leonurus, 15-45 parts of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, 15-35 parts of radix paeoniae rubra, 15-45 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 15-35 parts of safflower, 15-35 parts of fructus trichosanthis and 15-35 parts of tetrapanax papyriferus. The compound propolis composition has the beneficial effects that the formula is reasonable, the preparation is simple, only traditional Chinese herbs are adopted, no pollution, toxic or side effects or drug residues can be caused, significant effects can be achieved and the clinical application shows that the compound propolis composition has special effects on increase of the lactation yield of the livestock.


to call "the arbitrary dicta of certain American botanists" animates the utterances of the editor of the Journial of Botany. If it does it is at least curious that two scientific men should come to such opposite conclusions upon the same facts as do Mr. James Britten and a strenuous but gentlemanly opponent whose name we withhold but whose voluntary words we are permitted to quote: "I have greatly regretted the ill-natured statements of J. Britten, especially those in which he implies that there has been any unfair suppression of opinion by the GAZETTE. I am confident that whatever has been rejected by the GAZETTE has been refused for the best reasons and for the sake of harmony and the best good of all concerned."


The peculiarities of the participation of civil society institutions in the implementation of the state youth policy are discussed in the present article


Purpose: The advantage of lightweight concrete is to reduce the weight, which is considered the dead load on the structure. This study aims to determine the effect of replacing sand with pumice sand as fine aggregate in lightweight concrete. The substitution affects the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and weight.
Design/methodology/approach: The research method is through testing in the laboratory, where the test specimens are cylindrical following SNI with a height of 30 cm and a diameter of 15 cm totaling 50 pieces. The composition ratio between regular and pumice sand is 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%, and 0%:100%, respectively. Control of the test object using 100% regular sand.
Findings: This research shows that adding pumice sand into the mixture decreases the volume weight. The weight of the volume of concrete produced is < 1,900 kg/m3, which is classified as a lightweight one.
Research limitations/implications: The resulting compressive strength of 56.63 kg/cm2 decreased against the control test object by 81.10%. At the same time, the split tensile strength is 1.13 kg/cm2, or a decline of 52.05% from the control test object.
Originality/value: This paper is an original work.
Paper type: Research paper


lecting and Art Markets, is an excellent example of economic and digital art historical research in which statistics and visualizations are used very effectively to contribute novel insights to historical debates. Van Ginhoven demonstrates that with the help of such instruments, the aim to be exhaustive and comprehensive does not have to come at the expense of being efficient and effective. As she skillfully shifts between aggregate and detail, and between commercial, cultural, and art historical inquiries, the book manages to fill lacunae across several historiographies. Does this mean Connecting Art Markets is all-embracing? The study derives much of its strength from its data-driven approach, but it could have made an even stronger impact with a more explicit conceptual framework. At the heart of Van Ginhoven's interpretation are, after all, current yet elusive terms such as cross-cultural, cultural agency, and mediation. At first sight her empirical findings affirm the importance of these concepts for understanding the evolution of art markets and more generally the interplay between economic and cultural developments, but the concepts themselves are neither clearly operationalized nor contextualized. As a consequence they remain fuzzy and this makes it difficult to precisely assess their analytical value. On the plus side, this means that future researchers interested in developing more formal and dynamic analyses of processes of cultural mediation and social-network configurations in relation to art markets will find a readymade bed in the strong empirical foundations, well-ordered datasets, and fascinating insights offered by this study.


Abstract This article considers why and how the Millennium Development Goals Indicator 3.2: women's share in wage employment in the nonagricultural sector, fails to provide a fuller picture on the links between women's employment, empowerment and well-being. The article explores (a) the underpinning normative assumptions of "gender equality" and "development" as notions used in the construct of the Indicator, and (b) globalized neoliberal economic structures as its operating environment. Grounded in liberalism, and with modernization theory and the capabilities approach as its offspring, the Indicator inherits the liberalist notion of "gender difference" in which the public/private and the modern/tradition are depicted as binary opposites. Under the competitive global economic frameworks that assume and integrate gender difference, the Indicator is likely to prescribe gender policies that mold women into male-centered citizenship, neglecting the social reproduction needs and care work that women assume. Drawing on the evidence of care chains in Ecuador, this article argues that the promotion of women's employment as a means to achieve gender equality as pursued by many development organizations must be treated with caution, given the flaws inherent in its underlying normative assumptions of gender equality and the current economic systems.


The present invention relates to compositions and methods of use comprising peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPI) polypeptides of group C and G Streptococci and polynucleotides encoding same. The invention also relates to immunogenic composi tions comprising the PPI polypeptides and polynucleotides, as well as antibodies and antibody fragments that bind the PPI polypeptides. In addition, the invention relates to methods of inducing an immune response in a subject against beta hemolytic Streptococci using the immunogenic composi tions, as well as conferring passive immunity by administer ing a therapeutic antibody or antibody fragment.


In pedagogic understanding, an educator must possess qualified credibility as an instructor if he/she has willing to teach. The art of teaching and also the knowledge of the style of learning is called pedagogic. Then, in the orientation of how the teaching is also various. For example, there is a conventional learning style to a modern style. However, the amusement of the newest way or so-called the modern way tends to become strange for some educators. Therefore, this research is in progress to figure out the cause and effect of what makes the teacher/educator doesn't willing or has no intention to learn and to apply the way of teaching with a new style of teaching method and with the new media of electronics called technology


Asymmetric catalytic hydrogenation and hydrogen transfer reactions of various functionalized olefins and ketones by use of BINAP-Ru (II) and BINAP-Rh (I) complexes have been reviewed. These asymmetric transformations have provided us new efficient routes to a variety of optically active organic compounds with important biological activity. Recent advances in the related field have been briefly summarized.


The method of common speed loop is generally applied to realize the control of torque balance in electromotor torque balance speed-regulation systems such as unwinding coiler of steel plate,the production line of rolled steel longeron of vehicles and large-sized spiral welded pipe.It is thoroughly discussed the shortcoming and limitations of the method of common speed loop in these systems and put forward the idea of torque balance control speed-regulation system,based on torque setpoint limit.Meanwhile,it is also illustrated the implementation scheme of the control system of torque balance of double electromotor and the system chart and communication method,with the successful using of all digital DC regulation devices to realize the control of speed-regulation system of torque balance in large-sized spiral welded pipelines as an example.The long-term practice indicates that this control method is safe,reliable and can well satisfy the requirements in production.


The concept of the "velocity synthetic aperture radar" (VSAR)—a multiaperture sensor capable of measuring radial velocities in the scene and utilizing this information to correct motion-induced imaging distortions inherent to SAR—was proposed two decades ago. Lately, with the emergence of truly multichannel systems featuring antenna arrays with dozens of elements, the approach has been enjoying a renewed interest. The viability and effectiveness of the algorithm were successfully demonstrated in a series of airborne field campaigns that involved imaging both man-made targets and natural maritime features. These experiments and the wealth of resulting data also underscored the need for comprehensive mathematical descriptions of expected target signatures in the collected "image stacks" and for further refinements of the VSAR imaging theory. This paper addresses both tasks by building upon the available mathematical results developed for the along-track interferometric SAR imagery of distributed evolving targets. The approach allows simultaneous accounting for all essential effects known to impact SAR imagery of a target or an extended feature: its azimuth velocity, radial velocity and acceleration, as well as finite coherence time. The emphasis is on obtaining closed-form expressions that could readily illustrate the structure and behavior of the VSAR stack spectrum of such a target and help gauge anticipated focusing improvement stemming from the VSAR image correction. In particular, it is rigorously shown that the VSAR algorithm is successful in situations when SAR defocusing arises predominantly from radial motion and short coherence times—the resulting resolution is generally no worse than that of the corresponding real-aperture radar. On the other hand, strong defocusing due to azimuth translation may be problematic to compensate within the VSAR approach framework.


Abstract This thesis has attempted to map out (1) the theoretical trajectory of Edward Said's appropriation of and disagreement with Michel Foucault's analysis about discourse, power and resistance, and (2) the further development of Said's ideas for "Saidian resistance." To contend that Foucault's ideas occupy a significant position in Said's writings during his first half of his career, it is not surprising to find out that there are at least six essays or book chapters that mainly discuss Foucault's thoughts; nonetheless, what is surprising is the span of time—approximately fifteen years —that Said kept conceptualizing and rethinking his theoretical/ethical position in comparison with and in contrast to Foucault. In this respect, in Chapter One, after I have presented an overview of this thesis's central problem and introduced the background and career of Said, I underline the genuine difficulty of systemizing Said's theoretical affiliations. The results show that either "a technique of trouble" or "dialectical thinking" may be helpful for us to understand the "untidiness" of Said's theoretical views. Although my main concern in this thesis is how Said turned away from Foucault's theoretical frame and developed his unique ideas about resistance, I have nevertheless proposed that we can have a greater picture of postcolonial resistance after we have reviewed key ideas developed by Cabral, Ashcroft, and Fanon concerning national liberation, cultural transformation, and literary resistance. Chapter Two investigates Said's methodological appropriation of Foucault's notions of history-writing, the scheme of discursive formation, and the genealogy and the transformation of knowledge, particularly in Orientalism (1978), in order to understand the close early theoretical relations between Foucault and Said. This chapter also traces other influences coming from Gramsci, Vico, and Humanism in order to acknowledge that Foucault is not the only determinant on Said's early theoretical framework. It is through Said's dialectical confrontation with these other factors and figures that Said's discussion of resistance becomes possible. Chapter Three addresses Said's explicit dissatisfaction with Foucauldian theory in the early 1980s—particularly in essays collected in The World, the Text, and the Critic (1983) and The Reflections on Exile (2000)—and Said's critical turn to reconsider discourse, power, resistance, as well as the project of poststructural criticism. This chapter also re-examines critiques of Orientalism from different sides, with particular attention paid to the issue of representation, discourse, the position of "postcolonial critics," and the "untidiness" of Said's thinking. These significant discussions are important markers as we track the development of and shifts in strategies for resistance. Chapter Four analyzes how Said subsequently proposed his own beliefs about resistance, particularly in Culture and Imperialism (1993), a book that not only discusses the dialectical relation between texts and imperialism but also shows "how innumerable authors and intellectuals of the colonized world make their suppressed histories and identities visible and viable again and strive for 'the invention of new souls'" (Sheehi 397). In this chapter, I outline Said's central contributions to the question of postcolonial resistance through critical concepts including "contrapuntal reading," "secular criticism," and the responsibility of "intellectuals," all of which I attempt to regard as strategies of and points of access to "Saidian resistance." At the end of Chapter Four, I provide a conclusion to attempt to connect shifts in Said's critical positions with the project of contemporary postcolonial studies. I hope my investigation of Said's "steering away" from Foucault would not merely be considered at a theoretical level; instead, my hope is that it can provide us with a perspective to re-conceptualize the ongoing development of contemporary postcolonial studies.


General comments: The paper presents long-term hygrosopicity measurements from a mountain site in Switzerland. The data is of importance as they are the first measurements of their kind to be conducted over a whole year at a site in the FT. The measurements and data analysis were additionally made in a more standardized way than previously possible. The article is well written and the results are presented in a concise manner. I recommend it for publication in ACP, however my main questions concern the interpretatition of the results as outlined in the specific comments below. These issues should be addressed before ACP. Thank you.


Many scholars of international relations have long argued that by plotting on a map of the world all the transnational contacts of private individuals the international system resembles a 'cobweb'. While the filaments of the cobweb remain uneven in their magnitude as there is a higher degree of contacts between major centres, the globalisation of financial markets, particularly since the 1970s, has enabled the cobweb to have a more global spread. As importantly, the speed and relative ease with which funds may be transferred across borders has intensified the degree of contact along its filaments. While the intent of this model of world society was to highlight 'legitimised' transnational contacts, it has become evident that this cobweb is conducive to spreading security threats emanating from nearly all parts of the globe, as well as being rather effective at hiding the spiders that lurk within it.


This paper discusses how to improve water quality of distillery effluent with UASB process, and describes that good precipitation of activated sludge plays an essential role in distillery effluent quality improvement.


Objective:To evaluate common problems of internal jugular vein catheters and to propose countermeasures.Methods:A total of 36 patients from June 2010 to May 2011 were observed with internal jugular vein catheterization when they received chemotherapy.Results:The success rate of catheter 100%,none of blocking,infection,2 cases of shedding,5 cases of puncture inflamed.Conclusion:The internal jugular vein catheters is effective in patients with recurrent chemotherapy access.Correct operation and good care is to ensure that the key to success.


Background: The cause of under-five children mortality is that 4% due to diarrhea. The incidence of diarrhea is spread across all age groups, with the highest prevalence
(16.7%) is of under-five children.Diarrhea is caused by the spread of germs through contamination of food, beverages mixed with feces, and by other risk factors.Therefore, the writer is interested in conducting health counseling for mothers by using leaflet about diarrhea of under-five children.
Objective: To know the knowledge of mothers of under-five children about diarrhea of their children after being given health counseling using leaflet.
Method: This study is an analytical descriptive with a case study approach.Data were collected through questionnaires, counseling plan, and leaflet. The participants are 5 mothers of under-five children suffering from diarrhea.
Result: After having health counseling, there was an increase in knowledge level of all participants, i.e. from score 70 to be 80 (participant 1), from score 65 to be 85 (participant 2), from score 65 to be 80 (participant 3), from score 70 to be 80 (participant 4 and 5). Their knowledge category also had changed from enough category to be good category.


Conventional constant current converters which have been employed in many transmission systems have good constant current characteristics but do not have high efficiency. A series resonant converter also has constant current characteristics and it's switching loss is small. However, the on-period loss in this converter is larger thah that for the conventional one. This paper describes a technique for decreasing on-period loss and improving the efficiency of the series resonant constant current converter. The maximum duty ratio is designed to reduce the rms current. The drive condition of the transistor is designed to minimize transistor loss, and the Litz wire is adopted as the winding method to decrease transformer and inductor losses. As a result, efficiency has been improved to 92%.


A two-step electrochemical anodizing approach was introduced to prepare porous anodic aluminum oxide(AAO) membrane in sulfuric acid solution.The SEM image shows that the pore diameter is 20 nm,interpore spacing 50 nm and pore density 4.5×1010 pores/cm2.Ordered Fe nanowire arrays embedded in AAO template have been fabricated by pulse voltage electrodeposition of Fe into the pores of AAO.The Rietveld results show that the preferred orientation of those nanowires with diameter of 20 nm is crystal plane of Fe(110) and preferred orientation factor is 0.30.The easy magnetization axis of this system is perpendicular to the membrane.When the outer magnetic field is perpendicular to the membrane,the squareness is as high as 0.914,and coercivity 1656 Oe.


Method of driving a stereoscopic image display device has a resolution of three-dimensional image is not reduced compared to the resolution of the 2D image is a driving method which can minimize the cross talk. Method of driving a stereoscopic image display device includes first and second arranged display will be contained in the cell and the first image and a viewing angle corresponding to the display panel and a display panel to display a different second image at the same time a barrier to block or transmit light a method of driving a stereoscopic image display device comprising a. First, to record the second data signal during a first period in which the image is not displayed, the recording of the first data signal corresponding to the first image on the first display cell, the response to the second image on the second display cell. For the next second period, and displays the first image and the second image by driving the barrier is a barrier to the transmission of light to the first aspect. Then during a third period of the picture is not displayed, the record and the second data signal on the first display cell, and recording the first data signal on the second display cell. During the fourth period, and the driving the barrier to the barrier to transmit light in the first mode is different from the second mode to display the first image and the second image. Three-dimensional image, binocular parallax, the barrier, LC shutter, time division


In this study, we examined whether culture moderates the correlates of psychological control as a function of the type of measure used. We administered two measures of parental psychological control to university undergraduates from India (n = 166) and the United States (n = 177), as well as a measure of participants' self-esteem. One measure assessed harsh psychologically controlling tactics; the other relationship-oriented guilt induction. We argued that while relationship-oriented guilt induction might be deemed inappropriate in the United States, Indian parents might more frequently use this technique to promote familial interdependence, a culturally specific value. Harsh psychological control, on the other hand, is unlikely to be used for benign purposes in either group. We had the following hypotheses: (a) across groups, harsh psychological control would be more strongly associated than relationship-oriented guilt induction with lower levels of reported self-esteem; (b) reports of relationship-oriented guilt induction and harsh psychological control would be more strongly associated in the United States than in India; (c) reports of relationship-oriented parental guilt induction would be more strongly associated with lower levels of self-esteem in the United States than in India; and (d) the negative associations between relationship-oriented guilt induction and self-esteem for students from the United States would become non-significant when controlling for harsh parental psychological control. Support was found for all hypotheses. Unexpectedly, in the Indian group, relationship-oriented guilt induction was positively associated with self-esteem. The implications for the measurement of psychological control are discussed.


White is for Witching is the vampire story Helen Oyeyemi conceived whilst reading Dracula and, despite its modern setting, it shares generic features and thematic concerns with this nineteenth-century gothic novel. Both can be described as narratives of reverse colonization, as described by Stephen D. Arata, which highlight fears that Englishness will be contaminated by the immigration of racial "others" into England. This article shows how Oyeyemi develops the genre through the introduction of Yoruba tropes, such as abiku, aje, and ancestors, not to create a new subgenre of "Yoruba gothic", but to draw attention to the cycles of immigration, co-existence, and integration that have always existed in English history. In this way, White is for Witching forms a counter-narrative to the notion of racial purity associated with English nationhood that was crystallized during the colonial period and persists in the present through immigration policies informed by an "imperial ideology".


The invention relates to a high-voltage lithium battery electrolyte. The high-voltage lithium battery electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, an additive and a negative electrode film forming agent, wherein the negative electrode film forming agent is arbitrary one of or a combination of several kind of vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone or fluoroethylene carbonate. The high-voltage lithium battery electrolyte has an effect of protecting an electrode, the compatibility of the electrolyte and a high-voltage battery material is improved, and the cycle performance of a battery is greatly improved; and meanwhile, the promotion and the application of a high-energy-density lithium ion battery are also convenient, and the high-voltage lithium battery electrolyte has important significance to development of a power battery with high safety, high energy density and long cycle lifetime.


Predicting cognitive workload using physiological sensors has taken on a diffuse set of methods in recent years. Many of these methods, however, train models on small datasets with hand selected features, limiting a model's ability to transfer across participants, tasks, or experimental sessions. Here, we explore new potential methods of integrating data from and modeling on a large, cross-, participant, task, and session, set of high density functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data by using an approach grounded in cognitive load theory and data warehousing techniques in combination with Long Short Term Memory Networks.


Fifty renal cysts in 14 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) were treated with percutaneous needle aspiration and intracystic injection of a mixture of n-butyl cyanoacrylate and iodized oil in a ratio of 1:2. At follow-up of 1-12 months, symptoms improved in 12 (86%) of 14 patients, and 25 (81%) of 31 cysts decreased more than 50% in diameter. This procedure appears to be feasible and may be an effective modality in ablation of renal cysts in patients with ADPKD.


Electrical conductivity of monsoon rain water was measured at Poona for nine complete rain periods. Conductivity and rate of rainfall vary in opposite phase during the course of a shower indicating that larger raindrops are more dilute than the smaller Ones. The average relation between the conductivity and the intensity of precipitation is found to be of the form, conductivity Ct; (Intensity)-n, where n is a. positive constant.


Schistosoma haematobium eggs and Schistosoma DNA levels were measured in urine samples from 708 girls recruited from 18 randomly sampled primary schools in South Africa. Microscopic analysis of two 10-mL urine subsamples collected on three consecutive days confirmed high day-to-day variation; 103 (14.5%) girls had positive results at all six examinations, and at least one positive sample was seen in 225 (31.8%) girls. Schistosoma-specific DNA, which was measured in a 200-μL urine subsample by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, was detected in 180 (25.4%) cases, and levels of DNA corresponded significantly with average urine egg excretion. In concordance with microscopic results, polymerase chain reaction results were significantly associated with history of gynecologic symptoms and confirmed highly focal distribution of urogenital schistosomiasis. Parasite-specific DNA detection has a sensitivity comparable to single urine microscopy and could be used as a standardized high-throughput procedure to assess distribution of urogenital schistosomiasis in relatively large study populations by using small sample volumes.


The present invention is an arrangement for monitoring of gas-filled containers comprising: at least one measuring device for measuring at least one parameter of the gas in the container, a communication device that is suitable for transmission of information about the gas to an evaluation device, a power supply means which is adapted to extract electrical energy from the surrounding electromagnetic radiation. Further objects of the present invention, a system with the inventive arrangement as well as a corresponding method.


Spectral control characteristics of one-dimensional microstructure is introduced for the investigation of absorption features of a(La_(1-x)Sr_x)MnO_3type thermochromatic material.The matching characteristic between the one-dimensional microstructure and the thermochromatic material is analyzed based on the energy distribution of solar radiation and operation temperature of the thermochromatic material,and the spectroscopic property as well as the bandwidth of the one-dimensional microstructure is determined.A genetic algorithm optimization design is carried out for the one-dimensional microstructure.The spectroscopic property of the optimal microstructure is calculated,based on which the absorption control performance and the feature of emissivity variation of the microstructure are calculated.


Abstract: This article represents the proceedings of a symposium at the 2004 ISBRA Meeting in Mannheim, Germany. The chair and co-chair were Toshikazu Saito and Boris Tabakoff. The aim of this symposium was to review recent research on the effects of ethanol on neural stem cells (NSCs) and the generation of neuronal and glial cells. NSCs are primordial and uncommitted cells which generate various types of cells in the central nervous system including neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Several of the latest studies have indicated that NSCs may play significant roles in the pathophysiology of alcohol-related disorders. Four speakers of this symposium described their findings from these points of view. The presentations were: (1) Alcohol and the neuroregenerative process, by P.L. Hoffman, L.D. Snell and B. Tabakoff; (2) Adult neurogenesis and Alcohol, by K. Nixon and F.T. Crews; (3) Alcohol and neuronal differentiation, by M. Tateno, W. Ukai and T. Saito; (4) Ethanol exposure during development affects neural stem cells and their neural progeny, by C. Guerri, G. Rubert and R. Minana.


: In recent years, with the rise of digital transformation wave, China's economy is changing from traditional factor driven to innovation driven, especially in the financial field. Today's rapid development of digital information technology has provided unprecedented impacts and severe challenges for our country's commercial investment banks. How to actively respond to these impacts and successfully implement their digital transformation has become a major issue that our country's commercial investment banks must face. The purpose of this article is to analyze the role of digital transformation on the dynamics of the network in the banking financial econoour and expound the great significance of the digital transformation of our country's financial econoour from various aspects. It shows the importance of the digital transformation of our country's financial econoour. The article mainly introduces the concept of digitalization, explains the necessity of digital transformation of banks, and expounds the relationship between the structure of the banking industry and economic development. At the same time, it combines the operation status of commercial banks in this city, the current status of commercial bank electronic financial services and the development status and trends of commercial bank electronic financial services. It analyzes the difficulties of commercial banks in the transformation of Internet financial service models. Among them, it was found that the highest utilization rate of inter-bank transfer business was 46%, followed by intra-bank transfer at 29.1%, and online banking and internet transfer accounted for less than 1%. Moreover, traditional electronic banking functions were lacking and could no longer meet the needs of customers. Therefore, commercial banks must carry out digital transformation and gradually enter Digital Bank 4.0 to improve services by using emerging digital advanced technologies.


Introduction: Endodontic emergencies are characterized by violent or disabling pain. The management of these emergencies requires a precise diagnosis and an emergency act with or without a prescription. This study primarily aimed to determine undergraduate students' knowledge on the management of endodontic emergencies at the dental school. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, students of the dental school have received questionnaires with two main parts: a first part dealing with students' identification and a second part dealing with students' knowledge and attitudes on endodontic emergency management. Participants were asked to choose the appropriate option (s) for the appropriate management of each type of endodontic emergency. Data were statistically analyzed. Results: Of the 176 students included in this study, 171 questionnaires (97.2%) were completed and returned to the authors. For each emergency, most of the respondents recommended options that are consistent with the standard protocol. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between correct responses according to the standard protocol and academic levels of students who attended a conference or training on endodontic emergencies and students who dealt with endodontic emergency during their training (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The study showed that the students' level of knowledge is high. However, they recommended inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions. This shows the need to improve student-training programs on endodontic emergencies.


We study the fast rotation limit for a Bose-Einstein condensate in a quadratic plus quartic confining potential within the framework of the two dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii energy functional. As the rotation speed tends to infinity, the condensate undergoes a phase transition to the socalled giant vortex state: an annulus with pure irrotational flow encircling a central low-density hole around which there is a macroscopic phase circulation.


Solar energy systems are increasing their capacity in the energy industry day by day by operating with higher efficiency in parallel with technological developments. The functional operation of photovoltaic (PV) module contributes greatly to the optimal performance of these systems. On the other hand, detection and classification of faults occurring in PV modules are of vital importance in the operation and maintenance of solar energy systems. In this study, the classification of hotspots, which is one of the most common faults in Photovoltaic (PV) modules, is carried out by deep learning methods. First, data augmentation is applied to the images in the training dataset to improve the classification performance. Then, pre-trained deep learning models namely AlexNet, GoogLeNet, ShuffleNet, SqueezeNet, ResNet-50, and MobileNet-v2 are compared on the same test dataset. According to the obtained experimental results, AlexNet has the best performance with an accuracy value of 98.65%, while ResNet-50 provides the worst result with 94.59%.


This work investigated the morphological changes occurred through the first reach of the Nile River as a highly effective parameter on the navigation requirements. A map of changes between 2011 and 2014 was derived using ArcGIS. In addition, a morphodynamic study was investigated using 1-D unsteady hydraulic model and 1-D sediment model using HEC-RAS. Toffaleti transport sediment equation and Toffaleti fall velocity method were the most consistent with the natural conditions of the study area. Thereafter, it was possible to predict the final riverbed elevation for the study area at 2030. Finally, depending on the morphological changes detected using the combination between GIS along with HEC-RAS modelling, it was possible to evaluate the existing Nile River Navigation path.


Abstract Mahr & Csibra (M&C) provide extensive evidence for the communicative function of episodic memory, suggesting that the malleability of human memory is in large part due to its communicative dimension. I argue that emphasizing the relational motivations involved in communication provides a more proximal explanation for why our memories are as malleable.


Donaldson explains how this exhibition of 33 artists from Moncton is linked to the city's 100th anniversary celebrations. Biographical notes.


A survey was made of the records of 119 patients aged 50 or over who had undergone arthrotomy for meniscal lesions during the period 1951–1965. The predominant complaint at the time of admission to the hospital was pain, and half the patients had had knee symptoms for at least six months. In about half the cases there was no history of injury or of injury severe enough to cause meniscal tear, yet at operation about 80 per cent of the cases showed a torn meniscus.


The result of the WYH610CF steel chemical composition and mechanics performance which was developed in Wuyang Steel and Iron Limited Liability Company is introduced.The welding performance was studied.The drawn up feasible welding process,the guaranteed welding quality can definitely satisfy the process and the operation requirements.


The purpose of this paper is to reveal the behavioral decision-making mechanism of the farmers regarding the participation in farmland consolidation project, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating relevant policy to encourage farmers' participation in farmland consolidation project. This paper takes advantage of cost-benefit theory perspective to build behavior decision model of farmers involved in land consolidation project, and employ the survey data for empirical test. The empirical results show that participation decision-making behaviors of farmers are decided on the size of prospective earnings and cost of participative behavior. The factors such as farmers' cognition on land consolidation project, farmers' judgment of participating that improves the quality of project engineering facilities, the opinion of villagers around, the identity of village cadres, the attitude of the government on farmers' participation, the publicity and transparency degree of project information, farmers' age and family contracted farmland area together have significant impacts on farmers' participation decisions. Among them, farmers' cognition on land consolidation project variable is the important factor that affects farmers' participation behavior; the variable of identity of village cadres is the key factor that affects farmers' participation behavior. The paper concludes that some measures may be taken in land consolidation project, such as to strengthen the land consolidation policy propaganda, support and guide farmers in project area to actively participate in the decision of project, establish the perfect public participation mechanism, and strengthen constructing the social culture in rural community, e.g., "harmony", and "democratic participation".


. Let T = U | T | and S = V | S | be the polar decompositions of adjointable operators T and S , respectively on a Hilbert C ∗ -module. We de-termine these pairs of operators for which their products TS accepts the polar decomposition as TS = UV | TS | . Specially, we provide sufficient conditions for a certain operator T such that its Aluthge transform ˜ T = | T | 1 / 2 U | T | 1 / 2 admits the polar decomposition.


Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) technology by electromagnetic propagation coupling has been under active research and development due to the emergence of wireless technology. This dissertation presents an analytical and experimental study to design rect


THE SUNKEN SECTION OF THE LEMAN MOTORWAY CROSSES AN OLD EXTENSIVE AND DEEP LANDSLIDE AREA EAST OF BELMONT. GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS HAVE REVEALED THE EXISTENCE OF NUMEROUS CRACKS THROUGH WHICH FLOWS SOME WATER UNDER PRESSURE. THE LEVEL OF THE WATER HAS A DIRECT INFLUENCE ON THE STABILITY OF THE SLOPE, ON WHICH HOUSES HAVE BEEN BUILT, AND WHICH OVERLOOKS THE MOTORWAY. AN EXTENSIVE NETWORK OF DRAINAGE BOREHOLES WAS INSTALLED TO IMPROVE THE TERRAIN STABILITY. DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE SITE INVESTIGATIONS, SELECTION OF THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM, RESULTS OF OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS TAKEN ON THE SLOPE AND ALONG THE DRAINAGE NETWORK (MOVEMENTS OF TOPOGRAPHIC BENCHMARKS, WATER LEVEL, FLOW, RAINFALL).


A method comprising: contacting a support with a chromium-containing compound and a tin-containing compound to produce a catalyst precursor, and activating the catalyst precursor in a temperature range from 400 ° C to 700 ° C to produce a catalyst of polymerization, wherein the tin-containing compound comprises a tin compound (IV).


The indefinite integral transformation of magnetic anomaly is a method which can enhance the ability in data processing and interpretation.The equal interval discrete magnetic anomaly eatd has been integrally transformed using the cubic B-spline function,and the method is proved feasible and correct.Two representative lines of Jiaozhou bay are selected as examples to verify the method.The indefinite integral transformed parameter figures are created by the method firstly,then by comprehensive comparison of the survey data's and model data's profile pictures,parameter pictures and indefinite integral transformed parameter pictures,the conclusion is deduced that the indefinite integral transformed parameter figures have obvious advantages in estimating the parameter of geological objects,the method comprehensively utilizing three kinds of pictures in interpretation can be more effective and can also reduce multi-interpretation.


This paper describes a new kind of logic-based approach to domain knowledge modelling in information systems engineering. The approach is centred around £1YD.Cvp, a formal but user-friendly language used for an integrated description of structural and behavioural concepts at the domain level. These concepts, called information meta-concepts, represent the external outlook of the essential components of real-world application domains under a minimalist viewpoint. £1YD.Cvp is an analyst-oriented, epistemological concept language which allows automatic reasoning about a domain knowledge base composed of information meta-concepts. The £1YD.Cvp language is founded on an extensible framework explicitly conceived for the development of a new generation of computer-based analysis tools endowed with automatic deductive capabilities. The syntax ofthe language as well as some of the automatic reasoning capabilities bound to £1YD.Cvp descriptions are shown by means of a real-world example. The main features of the £1YD.Cvp-centred approach are compared with the corresponding features of two popular structural and behavioural modelling approaches.


In this report we describe the status of women physicists in Croatia and offer some statistical data illustrating the present situation. According to the statistics of the Croatian Physical Society, women represent about 30% of its 700 members. Approximately half of this number are active school teachers and the remaining hundred are women physicists whose professional occupation is scientific research. Research in physics in Croatia is mainly concentrated in two institutes in Zagreb, the Rugjer Boskovic Institute and Institute of Physics, and in the university physics departments. There are five universities in Croatia, the one in Zagreb being the largest. However, following the tradition of Central Europe, each university consists of a number of faculties. If the faculty is in the field of science or technology, in most cases it has its own department of physics. There are more than 10 such departments, and the largest is the Department of Physics at the Faculty of Science of the University of Zagreb. Table 1 shows the numbers and percentages of men and women physicists in various Croatian institutions by professional status. In the two largest institutions the number of women in the highest positions is conspicuously low. Because the criteria for promotion in principle do not depend on the institution, this can be partially attributed to the atmosphere in large institutions, which is not friendly to women. Table 1 also hints at the fact that women working there tend to stay in lower professional positions. The truth is that in large university departments, women often do not receive appropriate encouragement from their advisors and do not get promoted. They retain positions with lower pressure for publishing, but with large teaching duties and lower salaries. Smaller institutions seem to be more pleasant places for women to work successfully. There they have more opportunities than in the large departments to make independent decisions vital to their careers.


The problem of question answering over structured data has become a growing research field, both within the relational database and the Semantic Web community, with significant efforts involved in question answering over knowledge graphs (KGQA). However, many of these approaches are specifically targeted at open-domain question answering, and often cannot be applied directly in complex closed-domain settings of scientific datasets. In this paper, we focus on the specific challenges of question answering over closed-domain knowledge graphs and derive design goals for KGQA systems in this context. Moreover, we introduce our prototype implementation, Bio-SODA, a question answering system that does not require training data in the form of question-answer pairs for generating SPARQL queries over closed-domain KGs. Bio-SODA uses a generic graph-based approach for translating questions to a ranked list of candidate queries. Furthermore, we use a novel ranking algorithm that includes node centrality as a measure of relevance for candidate matches in relation to a user question. Our experiments with real-world datasets across several domains, including the latest official closed-domain Question Answering over Linked Data (QALD) challenge – the QALD4 biomedical task – show that BioSODA outperforms generic KGQA systems available for testing in a closed-domain setting by increasing the F1-score by at least 20% across all datasets tested. We also provide a new bioinformatics benchmark with complex queries drafted in collaboration with domain experts. The experimental results show that for these types of real-world queries, the advantage of Bio-SODA is even more significant by outperforming state-of-the-art systems up to 46% improvement in the F1-score.


This investigation evaluates the potential of combining Copernicus Sentinel-1 (S1) and Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite data in producing a detailed Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) map with 19 crop type classes and 2 broader categories containing Woodland/Shrubland and Grassland over 28 Member States of Europe (EU-28). The Eurostat Land Use and Coverage Area Frame Survey (LUCAS) 2018 dataset is employed as ground truth for model training and validation. Monthly and yearly optical features from S2 spectral reflectance and spectral indices, alongside decadal (10-days) composites from an S1 microwave sensor, are extracted for the EU-28 territory for 2018 using Google Earth Engine (GEE). Five different feature sets using a mixture of indicators were created as input training data. A Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm was applied to classify these feature sets, and the generated classification models were compared using an identical validation dataset. Results show that S1 and S2 yearly features together are able to provide a full coverage map less dependent on cloud effects and having appropriate overall accuracy (OA). Based on this feature set, the 21 classes could be classified with an OA of 78.3% using the independent validation data set. The OA increases to 82.7% by grouping 21 classes into 8 broader categories. The comparison with similar studies using individual S1 and S2 data indicates that combining S1 and S2 time series can attain slightly better results while enhancing spatial coverage.


This study aimed at determining the predictive value of the entrance exam for the undergraduate program in business administration, complemented with a psychological interview during the semesters A-2006 and B-2006. There were 768 candidates, from which 117 were selected for this study according to the number of places. The methodology employed consisted of field research of the correlational type. Data were collected through record keeping and a questionnaire, and the analysis was both quantitative and qualitative. The Pearson correlation value between the grade obtained in the entrance exam and the average grade obtained in the major was 0.07. This result meant that there was a weak positive relationship between the variables, which can be interpreted as the test not predicting the students� success or failure during their studies, since it is affected by the differences in the data of the study.


This paper investigates the thermal fluid‐flow transport phenomena in an axially rotating passage in which twin concentric orifices of different radii are installed. Emphasis is placed on the effects of pipe rotation and orifice configuration on the flow and thermal fields, i.e. both the formation of vena contracta and the heat‐transfer performance behind each orifice. The governing equations are discretized by means of a finite‐difference technique and numerically solved for the distributions of velocity vector and fluid temperature subject to constant wall temperature and uniform inlet velocity and fluid temperature. It is found that: (i) for a laminar flow through twin concentric orifices in a pipe, axial pipe rotation causes the vena contracta in the orifice to stretch, resulting in an amplification of heat‐transfer performance in the downstream region behind the rear orifice, (ii) simultaneously the heat transfer rate in the area between twin orifice is intensified by pipe rotation, (iii) the amplification of heat transfer performance is affected by the front and rear orifice heights. Results may find applications in automotive and rotating hydraulic transmission lines and in aircraft gas turbine engines. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


24 2 The aim of this work was to quantify at half-udder level the changes of ewe milk yield and 25 composition because of unilateral subclinical mastitis within the current lactation. 26 Fluctuations due to production level, infection severity, time from the onset of infection and 27 lactation curves were also researched. Yield and composition of milk from half-udders of 28 unilateral infected ewes were compared between them and with a set of healthy halves using a 29 mixed model. The experiment was completed with a whole-udder approach on the same 30 animals. To test the effect of intramammary infection (IMI) in the following 7 weeks from the 31 onset of infection, 20 ewes that acquired unilateral subclinical mastitis during lactation and 40 32 healthy ones were used. Another group of 20 ewes unilaterally infected from the first lactation 33 week and other 40 healthy ones were studied to test the effect of IMI on the lactational milk 34 yield and composition. The individual milk loss in ewes infected along lactation was of 15% 35 for the following 7 weeks after the onset of infection, and a 6.6% more milk production by the 36 uninfected half to compensate milk lost by the infected one was quantified. The lactational 37 milk yield loss in ewes infected from post-partum week was of 17%. The changes on milk 38 yield were noticed from the very week of infection diagnosis. The production level of animals 39 influenced the milk yield changes caused by IMI in such a way that the more productive ewes 40 lost more milk, although these losses were proportional to their production level. On the other 41 hand, infection severity affected milk loss between glands, being more pronounced as SCC 42 increased. A clear decrease of lactose content and of casein/protein ratio because of 43 subclinical IMI was obtained and this reduction was not modified along the trial. 44


Abstract : The calculation of mass, center of gravity, and the mass moments of inertia for axisymmetric bodies is transcribed from FORTRAN to BASIC for direct application to the Hewlett-Packard 9845 system. The original program is appended to include a flat plate approximation for finned projectiles.


A Not So Technocratic Executive? Everyday Interaction between the European Parliament and the Commission, West European Politics, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402382.2013.832952 by MORTEN EGEBERG, ÅSE GORNITZKA and JARLE TRONDAL When the above article was first published online, there were errors made to the alignment of rows in Tables 2 and 5 which altered the presentation of their data. This has now been corrected in both the print and online versions. Taylor & Francis apologises for these errors.


This paper examines the 2000 Chinese Census data for educational enrollment and graduation of Western Chinese youth aged 10–18. Analysis is done on a regional, provincial, and individual level and comparisons are offered between Western and Eastern China. Comparisons are also made with the 1990 Census in order to explore changes over the decade of the 1990s. We find a substantial improvement in educational attainment rates for all groups and at all levels over the decade. School initiations are very high in every province. The aggregate gender gap has also narrowed significantly over this period. Individual level analysis shows that boys are still more likely to start school, graduate from primary school and start middle school. There is no significant gender gap when it comes to finishing middle school or starting high school.


Simple Summary With the advancement of existing technology, artificial intelligence is widely applied in various fields of research, including cardiovascular studies. In this study, we explored the feasibility of conducting a markerless cardiac physiology assessment in zebrafish embryos by using DeepLabCut (DLC), a deep learning tool for motion analysis. Several cardiac parameters, such as heart rate, diastolic–systolic volumes (EDV/ESV), stroke volume, cardiac output, shortening fraction, and ejection fraction were obtained by the DLC-trained model and then compared to the previous published methods, Time Series Analysis and Kymograph. This new method has several advantages, having full automation, precise detection, and real-time labelling. This network was also trained to analyze zebrafish with cardiovascular defects (pericardial edema) induced by chemical treatments with ethanol and ponatinib. It was revealed that the heart rate, EDV/ESV, stroke volume, and cardiac output from both the ethanol and ponatinib groups displayed significant reductions compared with the control. Hopefully, this trained DLC network can contribute to a better understanding and investigation of the existing cardiovascular system and abnormalities. Abstract DeepLabCut (DLC) is a deep learning-based tool initially invented for markerless pose estimation in mammals. In this study, we explored the possibility of adopting this tool for conducting markerless cardiac physiology assessment in an important aquatic toxicology model of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Initially, high-definition videography was applied to capture heartbeat information at a frame rate of 30 frames per second (fps). Next, 20 videos from different individuals were used to perform convolutional neural network training by labeling the heart chamber (ventricle) with eight landmarks. Using Residual Network (ResNet) 152, a neural network with 152 convolutional neural network layers with 500,000 iterations, we successfully obtained a trained model that can track the heart chamber in a real-time manner. Later, we validated DLC performance with the previously published ImageJ Time Series Analysis (TSA) and Kymograph (KYM) methods. We also evaluated DLC performance by challenging experimental animals with ethanol and ponatinib to induce cardiac abnormality and heartbeat irregularity. The results showed that DLC is more accurate than the TSA method in several parameters tested. The DLC-trained model also detected the ventricle of zebrafish embryos even in the occurrence of heart abnormalities, such as pericardial edema. We believe that this tool is beneficial for research studies, especially for cardiac physiology assessment in zebrafish embryos.


The Geneva group assembled at the invitation of the Sierra Club Legal Defense Fund-in cooperation with the Association mondiale pour l'cole instrument de paix and the Socit suisse pour la protection de l'environnement-on behalf of Madame Fatma Zohra Ksentini, Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment for the United Nations Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities.


We formalize the problem of dissipative quantum encoding, and explore the advantages of using Markovian evolution to prepare a quantum code in the desired logical space, with emphasis on discrete-time dynamics and the possibility of exact finite-time convergence. In particular, we investigate robustness of the encoding dynamics and their ability to tolerate initialization errors, thanks to the existence of non-trivial basins of attraction. As a key application, we show that for stabilizer quantum codes on qubits, a finite-time dissipative encoder may always be constructed, by using at most a number of quantum maps determined by the number of stabilizer generators. We find that even in situations where the target code lacks gauge degrees of freedom in its subsystem form, dissipative encoders afford nontrivial robustness against initialization errors, thus overcoming a limitation of purely unitary encoding procedures. Our general results are illustrated in a number of relevant examples, including Kitaev's toric code.


The variants of alternate design, features, manufacturing technique, trying out and operation of cowcatchers, manufactured by JSC "ISS", are reviewed. The subject of this work is a problem of shipment of the automatic spacecraft without reducing the required reliability. One of the solutions is to reduce the negative impact of the mechanical stress on the automatic spacecraft using the amortization platform for their fixing in the transport container. Results of researches in the field of vibration isolation system design based on the flexible vibration-isolating elements are presented. The production technology and testing of the rope shock absorbers with the required vibration isolation characteristics are described. Results of practical application of the received results are reviewed. The results can be applied in the space-rocket field and other fields, where vibration protection means are used.


We first introduce the concept of (k,k',k'')-domination numbers in graphs, which is a generalization of many domination parameters. Then we find lower and upper bounds for this parameter, which improve many well-known results in literatures.


Polygonatum sibiricum Red.Is the most commonly used blindly anti-aging,regimen and Facial make-up of traditional Chinese medicine,on Polygonatum sibiricum Red.'s Related to the annotation of the mechanism.That,Polygonatum sibiricum Red.By acting on the upper energizer to nourish Yin,acting on the middle energizer to spleen qi,and acting on the lower energizer to Bushenyijing the comprehensive effect,to anti-aging,regimen and Facial make-up purposes.Depth study of Polygonatum sibiricum Red.'s Anti-aging mechanisms and their role in regimen and Facial make-up regimen and Facial make-up in the current concern today,is of great significance.


Objective To study the distribution of the Oncomelania hupensis and to supply theoretical information for snail ecology and population dynamics. Methods A bottomland close to Junshan Park in Yueyang City,Hunan Province was selected as the study field.The whole study period was from October,2007 to May,2008.Random sampling was designed to determine the sites of investigation where all the snails were collected and the number of live snails was counted by the method of dissection in the laboratory.Statistical indexes of snails such as median,quartile range and aggregation index were first calculated to conduct a preliminary analysis.Then,negative binomial distribution,log-normal distribution,exponential distribution etc were fitted to the snail data by the method of maximum likelihood estimation to explore the snail distribution in different time. Results The snail distribution in the whole study period was all positively skewed distribution.The median of the snail density was 7,9,1,0,3,4 and 1per 0.01m2,respectively; the quartile range was 13,8,3,2,4,6 and 4,respectively.The variance was larger than the mean in each month,and the aggregation index changed with the snail density in the same direction.No distribution was successfully fitted to the snail data from the October; the snail data in the November was approximately log-normal distribution; both the exponential distribution and negative binomial distribution were fitted well to the snail data from April,2008,while the snail data from other months were all approximately negative binomial distribution. Conclusions The snail distribution is not a unique negative binomial distribution,but is possibly a dynamic distribution related with snail density.A new generalized distribution model is needed to reflect the dynamics of the distribution.


The 2nd generation VLT instrument SPHERE will include an integral field spectrograph to enhance the capabilities of detection of planetary companions close to bright stars. SPHERE-IFS is foreseen to work in near IR (0.95-1.65 micron) at low spectral resolution. This paper describes the observing strategies, the adopted hardware solutions for calibrating the instrument, and the data reduction procedures that are mandatory for the achievement of the extreme contrast performances for which the instrument is designed.


The construction of office buildings in particular, as well as multi-family dwellings, are largely based on regular planning grids, and the widths of such grids appear to be repetitive across Europe.
In the EU project, PLUG-N-HARVEST, a multi-modular facade system for refurbishment, based on these planning grids, is developed. To achieve a comprehensive improvement of the building´s energy efficiency, different solutions for active and passive energy demand reduction, as well as harvesting of heat and power were combined, while also taking into account the existing building structure, climatic region, and usage profile.
The PLUG-N-HARVEST facade is designed to enclose the existing facade like a second skin. Thus, the remaining protection provided by the existing outer shell allows continuous usage. The modular approach enables economic efforts by serial production with a high degree of prefabrication and thus shortened assembly time. At the same time, the toolkit design follows the principles of the circular economy. In visual terms, various facade surfaces will be available to allow both an orientation to the existing building and an aesthetic reorientation.
In 2019, pilot buildings in Greece, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Germany aim to show the adaptability of the modular toolkit to different facade geometries and to assess its ecological and economic benefits.


The analytical method of utilizing the physical characters of oil to identify oil spilled at the sources of sea has been established. In this article, the variations of the kinematic viscosity and the index of refraction in weathering process of oil spilled were discussed. The conclusions obtained are following: in weathering process, there are obvious differences among the oil samples studied in kinematic viscosity. The kinematic viscosity of petroleum becomes larger with the weathering time. For light fuel oil and lubricating oil, the kinematic viscosity was increased slowly, but this phenomenton is not very obvious for heavy fuel oil. The refraction indexes of lubricating oil and fuel oil don't show obvious changes. Utilizing kinematic viscosity to idtentify oil spilled, the accuracy is about 100%.


In college English teaching,teachers should not only pass on knowledge to students,the key is to arouse their learning motive,to imbue them with learning strategies and to foster their abilities to autonomous learning.Through the study on the viewpoint of foreign language autonomous learning,the necessity and feasibility of college English autonomous learning are analyzed,and the strategies are explored to foster autonomous learning abilities.


This analysis is devoted to the Kapanadze coil, which is a close relative of his lesser-known electromechanical device. The main ingredients for achieving the Tariel Kapanadze (Michel Meyer, Steven Mark, Floyd Sweet, "SR193"...) effect are Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ("NMR") which generates the initial fast-moving particles (e.g. electrons), avalanche particle multiplication (induced transmutation) and a magnetic field of appropriate strength to confine and guide these particles within a conductive material.


The following three papers document in convincing detail the fact that occupational segregation has an ancient, if not necessarily always an honorable, history, both predating and postdating traditional capitalism. A thread running through them is emphasis on the dysfunctional consequences for women of such occupational segregation as evidenced by the disproportionate amount of the work load they carry in societies and by the relatively low rewards they receive for their work. Four introductory comments seem to me to warrant some attention: (1) that there have been times and places when occupational segregation was highly valued rather than resented by women, (2) that occupational segregation may have more than a simply economic foundation, (3) that occupational desegregation may have productivity-enhancing consequences, and (4) that occupational desegregation need not result in across-the-board sex equality in occupational distribution. 1. The present point of view has not always obtained among women. Nor does it even today, either in this country or in some others. In America, for example, there was a time when "the sphere of women" was highly exalted. Occupational segregation was, in fact, a desideratum devoutly longed for. The concept of women's sphere, the cult of true womanhood, arose when the labor of middleand upper-class women began to decline. Catharine Beecher, one of the greatest proponents of the cult of domesticity, apotheosized it. Her ideas on class and sex were derived in large part from


In this paper, we propose a framework for multiple moving obstacles avoidance strategy using stereo vision for humanoid robot in indoor environment. We assume that this model of humanoid robot is used as a service robot to deliver a cup to customer from starting point to destination point. We have successfully developed and introduced three main modules to recognize faces, to identify multiple moving obstacles and to initiate a maneuver. A group of people who are walking will be tracked as multiple moving obstacles. Predefined maneuver to avoid obstacles is applied to robot because the limitation of view angle from stereo camera to detect multiple obstacles. The contribution of this research is a new method for multiple moving obstacles avoidance strategy with Bayesian approach using stereo vision based on the direction and speed of obstacles. Depth estimation is used to obtain distance calculation between obstacles and the robot. We present the results of the experiment of the humanoid robot called Gatotkoco II which is used our proposed method and evaluate its performance. The proposed moving obstacles avoidance strategy was tested empirically and proved effective for humanoid robot.


EVOLHIST member Peter Convey has been actively involved in Antarctic management policy discussions in 2012, co-authoring a high impact Science paper on future conservation of the Antarctic, and reporting on the current status and management of invasive species in the marine and terrestrial Antarctic. In another review he considers how well the Antarctic Treaty is able to protect Antarctic biodiversity in the future, recommending the advance development of a strategic response to the anticipated changes in climate and human impacts in the region. His work was recently presented to a well-attended joint meeting of the All Party Parliamentary Groups on Biodiversity and the Overseas Territories.


Black TiO2 with doped nitrogen and modified carbon (b-N-TiO2/C) were successfully prepared by sol-gel method in the presence of urea as a source of nitrogen and carbon. The photocatalysts were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The doped nitrogen, introduced defects, and modified carbon played a synergistic role in enhancing photocatalytic activity of b-N-TiO2/C for the degradation of chlorophyll-a in algae cells. The sample, with a proper amount of phase composition and oxygen vacancies, showed the highest efficiency to degrade chlorophyll-a, and the addition of H2O2 promoted this photocatalysis degradation. Based on the trapping experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) signals, a photocatalytic mechanism of b-N-TiO2/C was proposed. In the photocatalytic degradation of chlorophyll-a, the major reactive species were identified as OH and O2−. This research may provide new insights into the photocatalytic inactivation of algae cells by composite photocatalysts.


In tissues like the heart, a complex and heterogeneous organ, it is often difficult to purify and characterize different cell types. Many of the intracellular biomarkers for different populations a...


Objective: To assess prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in children with acute diarrhea and nondiarrhea controls in Nepal and Bhutan. Methods: A case-control study of acute diarrhea etiology was conducted from 2006-2009 in Nepal and from 2011-2015 in Bhutan. Children aged from 3 months to 5 years with acute diarrhea and asymptomatic controls were enrolled. Commercial ELISA kits were used for detecting Cryptosporidium. Results: In Bhutan, Cryptosporidium was detected in 45/1716 (2.6%) of diarrhea cases and 27/1644 (1.6%) of non-diarrhea controls (OR=1.6, 95% CI 1.0-2.6). The overall prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in Bhutan was 2.1% and the prevalence was significantly higher in peri-urban (2.6%) than in rural areas (1.0%) (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.3). The highest prevalence detected was observed in children aged 24-47 months old and Cryptosporidium was associated with diarrhea in children 24-35 months old (OR=6.2, 95% CI 1.4-27.9). In Nepal, Cryptosporidium was significantly detected in 26/1200 (2.2 %) of cases compared to 10/1200 (0.8%) in controls (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.5); no significant difference of prevalence between peri-urban and rural areas (1.8% and 1.2%, respectively) was observed. Divided by age groups, the highest prevalence were from children of aged 24-35 and 36-47 months old. Increasing of cases of cryptosporidiosis was observed during the hot and monsoon seasons in both sites. Conclusion: The results of case-control studies in Nepal and Bhutan suggest that Cryptosporidium is prevalent and a significant pathogen. As the prevalence and burden of Cryptosporidium may be underestimated, additional surveillance and morbidity studies of cryptosporidiosis in Nepal and Bhutan are warranted.


Introduction. The auditory hallucinations associated with schizophrenia are phenomenologically diverse. "External" hallucinations classically have been considered to reflect more severe psychopathology than "internal" hallucinations, but empirical support has been equivocal. Methods. We examined associations of "internal" versus "external" hallucinations with (1) other characteristics of the hallucinations, (2) severity of other symptoms and (3) course of illness variables, in a sample of 97 stable outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who experienced auditory hallucinations. Results. Patients with internal hallucinations did not differ from those with external hallucinations on severity of other symptoms. However, they reported their hallucinations to be more emotionally negative, distressing and long-lasting, less controllable and less likely to remit over time. They also were more likely to experience voices commenting, conversing or commanding. However, they also were more likely to have insight into the self-generated nature of their voices. Patients with internal hallucinations were not older, but had a later age of illness onset. Conclusions. Differences in characteristics of auditory hallucinations are associated with differences in other characteristics of the disorder, and hence may be relevant to identifying subgroups of patients that are more homogeneous with respect to their underlying disease processes.


Studies in fission yeast have expanded the known repertoire of proteins that assemble at chromosomal ends to control telomere function.


Error checking of original variables The Index plot can be used to show outliers and aberrant values. This imaging tool plots a graph of each sample according to its row position in the data-frame against the variable. The Indian deltas data-frame is used in the following examples [see Hart, eNote02]. This data-frame had each delta added in sequence, thus if we look at the variation in a single variable over the whole sample sequence [e.g. plagioclase] the index plot [see figure below] shows the colors representing each delta in sequence. This provides an initial view of the distribution of the variable by delta. The important axis is the vertical axis which shows the distribution of the plagioclase: in the example there is one abnormalities in the Cauvery Delta data-frame. The R function identify() determined this was sample 24. This sample must be checked prior to further analysis to determine if an error was made. If an error is suspected either the sample should be completely excluded from the data-frame or, at least, the value of the variable for that sample should be excluded by marking it as NA.


Acoustic properties, shoaling behavior and diel vertical migration of Atlantic redfish (Sebastes spp.) were studied with the objective of enhancing the basis for acoustic assessment techniques. The acoustic target strength (TS) of redfish was measured using both ex situ and in situ methods. To conduct ex situ experiments, a technique was developed to maintain captive individuals alive for study in an experimental set-up using a split-beam echosounder. Techniques of in situ TS estimation were also studied in detail and approaches to minimize biases are proposed. Systematic bias in TS occurred above a certain density threshold. The measurement scale used to estimate density influenced the threshold level. Deep-tow dual beam and hull-mounted split beam systems were used to measure the TS of redfish at sea (in situ) under various environmental and biological conditions. After controlling for effects of thresholding, fish density, reverberation volume, range, and avoidance behavior, in situ and ex situ data did not differ and were pooled to obtain a TS-length model of TS = 20Log[length(cm)]-68.7. -- Redfish exhibited strong patterns of diel vertical migration and many diverse types of shoaling behavior at several spatial scales, both of which can affect acoustic and trawl survey results. During vertical migration. TS did not change significantly and it appears that redfish have an endogenous cycle for the control of swimbladder gas. Catch data indicated increased mean fish length with depth, while length standard deviation was highest in shallow areas. Pelagic schools of various size and density were most evident in spring and summer. The extent of vertical migration appeared to be limited by differential hydrostatic pressure and related to light condition and feeding. -- Acoustic-trawl experiments indicated that bottom trawl catches consistently underestimated redfish density. Acoustic assessments were biased downward during the day, because an increased proportion of fish occupied the near-bottom acoustic dead zone (DZ) and there was increased heterogeneity in distribution. This work suggests that the most accurate and least variable estimate of redfish abundance can be achieved using acoustics during the night, when fish are dispersed in the water column and most available to acoustic measurement.


Background & objectives: Early identification of bacterial infection in patients with fever is important for prompt treatment. However, the available parameters such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte counts are not very specific. This study was aimed to assess the diagnostic value of procalcitonin (PCT), CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum amyloid A (SAA) for bacterial infection in febrile patients. Methods: Serum samples were collected from febrile patients between January and December 2012 and processed for blood cultures. PCT, IL-6, CRP and SAA levels were measured. The patients were divided into three groups according to the final diagnosis: bacteraemia group (group1), bacterial infection with negative blood culture (group 2) and non-bacterial infection group (group 3). Results: There were significant (P<0.05) difference in the levels of PCT, CRP, IL-6 and SAA among the three groups. The PCT levels of patients with Gram-positive bacterial infections were lower than Gram-negative bacterial infections (0.53 vs 2.13, P < 0.01). The best cut-off value to detect bacterial infections was 0.26 ng/ml for PCT. PCT, CRP, IL-6 and SAA had areas under the curve of 0.804, 0.693, 0.658 and 0.687, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results showed PCT as a valuable marker of bacterial infections in febrile patients. PCT was superior to CRP, IL-6 or SAA in the early identification of bacterial infection. More prospective and large scale studies are warranted to confirm these findings.


Results of low-temperature crystal structures for β-(trimethylgermyl)-substituted cyclohexyl esters and β-(trimethylsilyl)-substituted cyclohexyl esters are reported. These reveal that the trimethylgermyl substituent causes significant lengthening of ester C−O bond lengths at the β position when compared to the corresponding unsubstituted cyclohexyl esters. Comparison of trimethylgermyl and trimethylsilyl ester C−O bond lengths suggests that the ground state effects of these two substituents are similar.


The results in this paper relate to drug usage among males arrested in 1971 in six metropolitan areas of the country. Multivariate analysis of variance techniques are used to analyze the crime rate patterns within cohorts of drug users (i.e., those beginning drug use during the same time period) and also to analyze the differences in crime patterns across cohorts of drug users. The analysis compares drug users versus nonusers with regard to their overall arrest rates and also compares them with respect to "Serious Crimes Against The Person."


Hybrid integration of different components (sampling/filtering, separation and detection) prevails in miniaturized analytical instruments for more selectivity and sensitivity. In this purpose, we report on flexible micro-hotplates usable for gas preconcentration and gas sensing. Our micro-hotplate is made on foil by using inkjet printing. Our technology provides flexibility in the design and paves the way for a new generation of cost-effective analytical instruments. Compared to previous work on Polyethylene Naphthalate (PEN) with silver as electrical conductor, it allows operating at high temperatures (up to 400˚C) thanks to the combination of gold nanoparticles-based heater and polyimide foil substrate. The foil gas preconcentrator is obtained by depositing an adsorbent onto of the foil hotplate whereas the fully printed metal oxide (MOX) sensor is implemented by inkjet-printing gold interdigitated electrodes covered by a metal oxide sensing layer. The Gas preconcentrator and the MOX sensor were successfully tested under benzene and carbon monoxide, respectively.


Abstract A two-semester survey was conducted to obtain information about the underutilization of postcoital contraception (PCC) in terms of fear about using it or ignorance of its existence. Among 437 students attending the women's health clinic at California State University/Fresno, 41% had had a therapeutic abortion. One hundred fifty-two, or 84.9%, of those who had had terminations were not aware of PCC. Some were not aware that they had taken a chance of becoming pregnant. It is concluded that students who have had a therapeutic abortion either were unaware of the existence of PCC or were unaware they were risking pregnancy and therefore unable to utilize PCC to avoid the need for a surgical procedure. It would appear that ignorance about the existence of PCC is a major reason for its underutilization. "Treatment of First Episodes of Genital Herpes Simples Virus Infection with Oral Acyclovir," YVONNE J. BRYSON, MARYANNE DILLON, MICHAEL LOVETT, GUILLERMO ACUNA, STEPHEN TAYLOR, JAMES D. CHERRY, B. LAMAR...


There has been great interest in the overlap between ADHD and substance use disorder (SUD). ADHD is a common neurobehavioural disorder of childhood that places the individual at elevated risk for later SUD. Studies have shown that 25–40% of adults and adolescents with SUD have ADHD. Although the exact link between the two disorders is still unclear, it appears their connection is complex, and involves the interplay between various biological, behavioural, and genetic factors. Early pharmacotherapy of ADHD does not increase SUD, and, in fact, appears to reduce cigarette smoking and SUD. In individuals with ADHD and SUD, stabilization of SUD is recommended initially, with consideration of adjunct non-stimulant and extended release stimulant medications. More research on the mechanisms of overlap between the disorders, preventative effects of early ADHD treatment on SUD, and concurrent treatments for ADHD and SUD are necessary.


Adaptive systems under slow parameter adaption can be analyzed by the method of averaging. This provides a means to assess stability (and instability) properties of most adaptive systems, either continuous-time or (more importantly for practice) discrete-time, as well as providing an estimate of the region of attraction. Although the method of averaging is conceptually straightforward, even simple examples are well beyond hand calculations. Specific software tools are proposed which can provide the basis for user-friendly environment to perform the necessary computations involved in the averaging analysis.


We present a dataset that contains object annotations with unique object identities (IDs) for the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) v1 Common Test Conditions (CTC) sequences. Ground-truth annotations for 13 sequences were prepared and released as the dataset called SFU-HW-Tracks-v1. For each video frame, ground truth annotations include object class ID, object ID, and bounding box location and its dimensions. The dataset can be used to evaluate object tracking performance on uncompressed video sequences and study the relationship between video compression and object tracking.


In the last decades an increasing number of clubs, associations, and partnerships behind professional team sports have become business enterprises as well; as regards their income and number of employees, there are numerous companies managing sports clubs in the medium sized enterprise sector. By nature of being businesses that manage sports, successful performance is usually the number one strategic consideration. An efficient performance evaluation system is essential for controlling, monitoring and improving team sports. This paper explores the use of a management tool: balanced scorecard (BSC), which facilitates managers to meet multiple strategic goals, and fuzzy linguistic method for evaluating team sports performance. BSC is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government and nonprofit organizations. First, Twenty-five measures of sustainable performance were recognized through expert questionnaires and through the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM), then a model is developed for measuring the acceptable performance of team sports based on the interaction financial, customers, internal business process and learning and growth perspective. After that, BSC structure integrated with fuzzy linguistic is proposed for measuring and improving the quality. The aim of this study was to build a performance evaluation system for team sports and use a fuzzy linguistic to convert the subjective cognition of managers into an information entity and confirmation of improvement.


1. INTRODUCTION Madagascar's imperilled biota are now experiencing the effects of a new threat—climate change (Raxworthy et al. 2008). With more than 90% endemism among plants, mammals, reptiles and amphibians, the stakes are high. The pristine landscapes that allowed this exceptional biodiversity to survive past climate changes are largely gone. Deforestation has claimed approximately 90% of the island's natural forest (Ingram & Dawson 2005; Harper et al. 2007) and what remains is highly fragmented, providing a poor template for large-scale species range shifts. The impacts of current and future climate change may therefore be much different than past impacts, with profound implications for biodiversity. We review evidence of past response to climate change, models of future change and projected biological response, developing insights to formulate adaptation actions for reducing extinction in Madagascar's biota. We then explore the cost of implementing actions and examine new income opportunities developing through efforts to mitigate climate change.


The article is devoted to the choice of principles of study of Buryat composers' creativity as a part of Russia art. The choice of contextual-diological method of analysis gives a possibility to determine the elements of national, regional and all-Russia specific character in Buryat composers' creativity


The future of our field is obsolete. It has been accumulating for decades, and now we are stuck with it. Surveying the panorama of North America with a view framed by a Manhattan street ending at the Hudson, as in the old New Yorker cover, we might ask: Where is theatre research located? Can we find it on the map? It is not invisible, as some might complain. On the contrary, theatre research appears prominently as an array of widely planted scene houses, boxy protuberances rising above college and university performing-arts complexes, often located at the physical center of their campuses but rarely, if ever, close to their hearts. Set in concrete, they constitute what Harold Clurman, speaking at Murphy Hall for the Performing Arts at Kansas University in 1965, called "the Edifice Complex." Our future, like fate, lies before us, but it was settled at our birth, when the buildings went up and acquired legions of technical specialists to service them. That's where the money went, and that's where it must go. Greater in number than the theatre scholars, well-intentioned but mostly vapid practitioners, acting with more or less skill, with more or less tenure, fill "slots" in largely indistinguishable seasons, block-booking their houses like mall multiplexes, from coast to coast. The reason that they are so visible on the map is that they stand isolated from everything else, in and out of the academy.


The invention discloses a Kalina circulating system with a two-phase expansion machine, which includes a heating device, a separating device, expansion machines, a generation device, an absorption and cooling device, and a boosting device, wherein the heating device includes an evaporator and a regenerator; ammonia water mixing working medium is heated, boiled and vaporized in the regenerator and the evaporator, and enters the separating device through a connecting pipeline; the separating device includes a separator; gas state working medium with higher ammonia concentration and liquid working medium with lower ammonia concentration are separated from the ammonia water mixing working medium; the expansion machines and the generation device include a two-phase screw expansion machine, a turbo expansion machine and a generator; the gas state working medium and the liquid working medium enter the turbo expansion machine and the two-phase screw expansion machine respectively to drive the generator to generate electricity; the absorption and cooling device includes an absorber and a condenser; the boosting device includes a pump. The system utilizes waste heat, solar energy and other low-grade energy sources during industrial production, recycles the throttling expansion work, and is an effective method for improving the energy use efficiency.


IntroductionThis study approaches two main dimensions of advertising that, actually, frame the campaign success: message creativity and media adaptation, in terms of technology and customers' needs. Any advertising message should achieve marketing objectives, according to the client's brief, but also the communication purposes to entirely appeal to consumers. Hence, a message should be not only functional, but also attractive to get consumers' involvement and their deep connection to the brand values. In this equation, creativity should be related both to effectiveness and aesthetical appeal. Some scholars (Dahlen, Rosengren, and Torn 2008) assert that creativity demonstrates "brand ability", which prompts its standards rising in time, brand confidence in its values and even brand credibility in the consumers' eyes. Creativity triggers a real boost of feelings, emotions and meanings in consumers' minds due to cultural context and mentality. Therefore, professionals strive for understanding consumers' insights and for making the right connection with brand capital and product/service characteristics. At this point, creativity becomes an issue of collective culture, not of individual skills and so advertisers have a double role: to be active members of the community and thus shape an appropriate message that appeals to consumers. For that matter, defining creativity in advertising context employs a wide approach regarding clients' requests, cultural norms and consumers' behavior. Fill, Hughes and De Francesco conclude that:"Interpretations of what constitutes advertising creativity therefore vary depending on the viewer's context. This may be relative to their role (a client striving to meet market-share targets), culture (the societal values and norms of behavior) or perspective (media commentator or blogger)." (2013, p. 126)Besides, I would say that media channels raise other questions in terms of creativity, at least when comparing the offline with the online environment, which change the relationship between brand, consumers and professionals. One of the most important features of advertising in terms of effectiveness is consumers' answer to creative stimuli expressed either by achieving that product, or by getting involved into delivering the brand message. The answer is a matter of credibility when it comes firstly to client's offer and agency creative strategy, secondly. According to Logan, Bright and Gangadharbatla, credibility relies on the balance between customers' dreams or needs and clients' honesty towards their expectations: "Advertising credibility is an expression of the consumers' expectations regarding the fairness and factualness of advertising" (2012, p. 166).Returning to the present study, we intend to make a brief comparison of the creativity concept applied in offline and online through professionals' perspectives, considering that they should both meet clients' demands and consumers' expectations. It is quite interesting to investigate the extent to which creativity can be more or less compromised by the client's perspectives upon their own investment in a successful campaign. As Belch and Belch (2001) assert, the creativity price in advertising is strongly associated with the risk of any campaign. Similarly, El-Murad and West make the right connection between risk and clients' attitude, based on their business success:"Furthermore, creatives feel freer to take creative risks when dealing with less important clients and of course the corollary to this is that larger clients probably receive less creative advertising." (2003, p. 668)Creativity vs. Effectiveness in AdvertisingBeing creative plays an important role in every moment of our life, regardless the activity we are involved in, as long as we deal with various tasks, answers and questions, or we often experience risks and dilemmas. This complex term of creativity has been investigated over years in many fields such as psychology, neurology, marketing, business, advertising, liberal arts and a. …