The invention discloses a porous bone scaffold manufacturing device and method. The method comprises a three-dimensional movement framework structure, an extruding unit, an extruding mechanism, a working surface and a temperature control unit mounted on the working surface, wherein the extruding unit comprises a liquid storage device and a linear unit; the extruding mechanism comprises a fixing clamp for fixing the extruding unit, a push rod for pushing a bone material in the liquid storage device to be extruded, and a driving mechanism for driving the push rod to do reciprocating motion; the extruding unit does the reciprocating motion in X-axis and Y-axis directions in the three-dimensional movement framework structure; the working surface does the reciprocating motion in a Z-axis direction in the three-dimensional movement framework structure. The porous bone scaffold manufacturing device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, convenient to operate and low in manufacturing cost; a solution can be stably extruded; porous bone scaffold structures of different pore diameters, different pore structures, different sizes and different strip shapes can be manufactured through extruding high-viscosity biological ink.


Resistance to structurally and functionally unrelated multiple drugs, known as multidrug resistance (MDR), is a leading obstacle in the treatment of human cancers. MDR is mediated by the increased expression of energy-dependent drug efflux pumps, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), and canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT; MRP2) in cancer cells. Until now, only scattered information is available regarding the expression and function/activity of these efflux proteins in intestines, a rate-limiting barrier to oral drug absorption. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of various MDR modulators on the expression levels of intestinal efflux transporter proteins, such as


The present study is called "The import houses of Santos: commerce and material culture (1870-1900)". During the three last decades of the nineteenth century, in the bulge of internationalization process, gradually new practices are installed in the commerce of Santos, characterized, in this period, by the predominance of import firms, the incipient structure of the port, the activities performed in the urban center and the problems of basic sanitation. The analyses focuses on the import houses installed in the adjacencies of the Port of Santos and its agents, foreigners in most cases, on the variety of products that they make to arrive at the Province of São Paulo, its advertising and commercialization. The perspective is the material culture history, searching one better understanding of the social changes that take place with the consumption of foreign products, daily practices that involve them and values that are attributed to them.


He who can properly deene and divide is to be considered a god. | Plato, c. 400 BC Great wits are sure to madness near allied, And thin partitions do their bounds divide.


(R = Et) [97611-55-7] C19H19NO4 (MW 325.36)

InChI = 1S/C19H19NO4/c1-3-23-19(22)18(24-14(2)21)20-17(15-10-6-4-7-11-15)16-12-8-5-9-13-16/h4-13,18H,3H2,1-2H3

InChIKey = FOCYLNDNLMPUTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(R = Me) [130551-77-8] C18H17NO4 (MW 311.34)

InChI = 1S/C18H17NO4/c1-13(20)23-17(18(21)22-2)19-16(14-9-5-3-6-10-14)15-11-7-4-8-12-15/h3-12,17H,1-2H3

InChIKey = IYTPREIGUVQEPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(R = Bn) [130946-34-8] C24H21NO4 (MW 387.43)

InChI = 1S/C24H21NO4/c1-18(26)29-23(24(27)28-17-19-11-5-2-6-12-19)25-22(20-13-7-3-8-14-20)21-15-9-4-10-16-21/h2-16,23H,17H2,1H3

InChIKey = PBEWWPZWZXQTMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(glycine cation equivalent for amino acid synthesis)

Alternate Names: ethyl α-acetoxyglycinate benzophenone imine; O'Donnell's Schiff base.

Physical Data: R = Me, mp 102–103 °C; R = Et, mp 62–65 °C; R = Bn, mp 63–64 °C.

Preparative Methods: by bromination of ethyl N-(diphenylmethylene)glycinate in the presence of acetate (NBS, NaOAc, DMF).1 The crude product can be purified by recrystalization. (Et2O/hexane).

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: although stable at room temperature, the compound is normally stored under argon in the freezer. The hydrolysis product, benzophenone, can be detected either by TLC (EtOAc/hexane) or by NMR.


Surgical departments are changing rapidly to integrate the latest technology. If your facility is considering video integration, how do you determine which vendor, performance level, and future flexibility is best for your facility? How do you plan for a smooth implementation? Vendors' systems differ in their design approach, implementation, and support philosophy. Purchasing a video integration system is similar to shopping for a car. One model has a more powerful engine, but the handling is less smooth than another, or the ride might not be comfortable as a third option. An OR planning team needs to discern what features best match the facility's needs. Purchasing an integration product without objective evaluation can cause the hospital to drastically overpay for a product that may not match its true needs.


Neither particle access to the polar caps by motion along magnetospheric field lines connected to the interplanetary field (in the ''open'' model) nor particle access to the polar caps by combined diffusive and convective motion across magnetospheric field lines (in the ''closed'' model) adequately explains the available data. The fact that data exist that are difficult to interpret with one model does not automatically confirm the other model. (auth)


Building information modeling is the new technological era of the new construction plan, design and construct tools and platform. The utilization of this technology has been widely recognized in developing and developed country in construction industry practitioners, and stakeholders. The construction industry performance in Iraq is undergoing a pragmatic construction shift, where projects are more complexed, and involves many stakeholders, local and international. The complexity of the project involvement tends to weaken the project performance, due to the utilization of old methods like computer aided design (CAD) methods, and critical path method (CPM), by practitioners in the Iraqi construction industry. The inadequacy in project performance in Iraq is measured by project changes and variations in its duration and cost of the project. This study aims to determine the utilization of BIM for enhancement of the current Iraqi construction industry performance mainly project duration and cost. The study is carried through a quantitative approach, where a questionnaire form is distrusted into the practitioner of the Iraqi construction industry professionals. The questionnaire form was distributed through Google form, and the gather data was analyzed through the usage of Smart-PLS version 3 software. The questionnaire analysis included the construction industry current performance, in terms of time and cost. Whereas it further studies awareness, functions, and barriers of BIM, from the perspective of professional in Iraqi construction industry, and it further included the benefits of BIM in the construction industry to the perspective of practitioner in Iraqi construction industry. A total of 382 respondents' data was gathered and analyzed, which were practitioners in construction, engineering and architecture firms in Iraq. Based on the findings, the construction industry practitioners showed high awareness level on BIM application, where they identified the functions benefits, and along with barriers of BIM. The study showed that although the relation between BIM barriers and the construction industry had the potential of making the situation of current construction industry worse, but the benefits of BIM improved the relation between the barriers, and construction industry, by providing the influencing factors for the BIM utilization which would tend to improve the current project duration and cost in Iraqi construction industry.


We consider an example of a family of probability measures on an infinite dimensional space which are mutually singular. Although the Fisher information metric and its variants are not available, it is shown that the parameter manifold has a natural differential structure that is non-Riemannian with nonzero curvature. It is also shown that there is no Riemannian metric compatible with the natural affine connection for which the curvature is not zero.


Abstract. The purpose of this application under Article 75.6 of the Code is to conserve the specific names of the European 'Small Apollo' butterfly Parnassius phoebus (Fabricius, 1793) and the Altai 'Apollo' butterfly Parnassius ariadne (Lederer, 1853) in their current usage. Hanus & Theye (2010) discovered that the traditional concept of the name P. phoebus was a misidentification and published actions contrary to Art. 75.6. We herein request that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature use its plenary power to set aside all previous type fixations for the nominal species Papilio phoebus Fabricius, 1793, and to designate a neotype representative of the current usage of P. phoebus.


Summary
Male and female plants of the dioecious herb, Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Viking were grown in pots of five, 10 and 20 plants. Pots at each density were also exposed to grazing by the landsnail, Helix aspersa Muller (Helicidae; Gastropoda). Leaf longevity and rates of production for each of 13 leaf cohorts were determined for grazed and ungrazed female and male plants at each density. Dates of initiation of seed set and anthesis were recorded. At harvest, plant height, total dry weight and dry weights of leaves and stem, and of fruits and male reproductive organs were recorded. There were significant differences between females and males in time to anthesis, number of leaves per plant, leaf birth rate and reproductive effort. Females flowered and senesced later than males. Density had a significant effect on total number of leaves, leaf birth rate and leaf longevity. The only significant effect of snail grazing was a reduction in leaf longevity, particularly at the highest density. This corroborates recent suggestions that grazing has more effect on plants already exposed to relatively high levels of other pressures.


The anisotropy of the local dynamics of polyethylene in dilute biphenyl solution at 401 K has been studied by coupled spin relaxation methods. Three second-rank correlation times, including those for vectors parallel (τ zz ) and perpendicular (τ⊥) to the local chord axis, are determined. τ zz is proportionately larger than those measured in previous studies of polymers in solution, and ratios of correlation times involving τ zz are larger as well. Since only polyethylene of the polymers studied by this method prefers trans conformers at every torsion, it is suggested that the large anisotropy observed in the dynamics is associated with this conformational preference. The ratio of τ zz to τ⊥ is 7.5, which is within the range of values calculated in recent simulations of polyethylene melts.


The paper presents the water treatment technology for FPI line (Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection) which is used to conduct diagnostic tests in the field of structural cracks, erosion, corrosion, defects of the material, welds cohesion. The problem that occurred during operation of the FPI line was an increase of turbidity and milky colour of water (i.e. white water) in bathtub of the last rinse which caused the formation of deposits on washed parts and hampered diagnostic process. On the basis of the physicochemical and bacteriological analysis the assessment of changes in water quality during the cleaning process was carried out. The problem of the formation of the so-called "white water" was described and solved. An analysis of necessity of water treatment station modernization as well as the legitimacy of the use of the disinfection process were made. The following parameters of water were analysed: pH, turbidity, conductivity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon, permanganate index, SiO2 content, heavy metals contents, and the total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria. The results of the analyses indicate that the cause of the growth of technological water turbidity on the FPI, is formation of polysilicon acid. Polymerized forms of silicates exist in colloidal form, therefore, the observed phenomenon is the emergence of so-called "white water" and the formation of deposits.


A case of a retained gallstone in the common bile duct after cholecystectomy (in a 38-year old man) is reported in which infusions with saline and spasmolytics failed to flush out the retained stone into the duodenum. An infusion with sodium cholate over nine days through the T-tube was successful in dissolution of the radiolucent stone.


Accessible summary
This study asked 188 nurses and care staff what they thought about people with learning disabilities having relationships. Other studies found that care stuff often think that it is not okay for people with learning disabilities to have relationships. Studies have also found that staff do not think that it is okay for men to have relationships with other men. This study found that:

• Staff in the community were more likely than nursing home staff to think that it was okay for people with learning disabilities to have relationships.
• Staff with more training were likely to think that it was okay for people with learning disabilities to have relationships.
• Nursing home staff were less likely to think that it was okay for men with learning disabilities to have relationships with other men.

Summary
The role of care staff is invaluable in the day to day living of many people with learning disabilities. Consequently, care staff can often have substantial influence, although this may not always serve the best interests of the individual. Previous studies have shown significant levels of stigma towards people with learning disabilities, both from other members of the community and from carers. This is especially the case in relation to the sexuality of people with learning disabilities. Standardised measures of attitudes towards the sexuality of people with learning disabilities (Mitchell et al. 1978) were completed by qualified nurses and other care staff (n = 188). Place of employment was a main variable and it was found that nursing home staff held significantly more conservative attitudes when compared with community care staff. This was the case with attitudes towards homosexuality, and attitudes towards the sexuality of people with mild, moderate and severe/profound learning disabilities. Levels of training emerged as a significant factor. These findings suggest that training and education on issues relating to the sexuality of people with learning disabilities may benefit all care staff, and especially those who work in nursing homes. Training may help to change their attitudes and develop an awareness of the ways in which people with learning disabilities form loving and personal relationships.


The Parent Centered Planning model was inspired by the person-centered planning model, which has been ubiquitous in the field of disability advocacy and supports for nearly forty years. In our development of Parent Centered Planning, we found that most parents participating in Parent Centered Planning had positive short-term outcomes, such as strengthening their supportive relationships, clarifying their parenting goals, and making progress towards their self-identified goals. This brief intervention is appropriate for use with any parent with a disability, including new parents, parents with a new disability, any parent that wants to help plan for their family, or parents involved in the child welfare system. We hope that this promising practice for supporting parents with disabilities can be incorporated into a broader array of supports for parents with disabilities. This manual provides a step by step overview of the Parent Centered Planning model.


I RECALL BEGINNING a book review about fifteen years ago with a comment about how I had read the appendix on research methodology first, was greatly impressed, and approached the body of the report with eager anticipation, only to be disappointed at significant points both because of author biases and some questionable interpretations and analysis of significant portions of data. Happily, such is not the case with Ministry in America. Its methodology, as described in considerable detail both at the beginning and the end, is impressive in its sophistication and execution. The conclusions and interpretations are consistent with its methodological base-carefully considered and based in advanced techniques of analysis. Methods The book originated in the Readiness for Ministry Project, initiated by the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, generously funded by the Lilly Endowment, and inaugurated in May 1973 under the direction of the editors named above. Over twelve thousand people participated in some aspect of the project which consisted ~f a series of stages and activities: a) Identification of an inclusive list of criteria of readiness for ministry. b) Sampling of 79 of200 member schools of the A.T.S. c) Collection of more than 1200 sentence descriptions of possible criteria. d) Development of a preliminary questionnaire instrument of approximately 2,000 items submitted to a panel of experts and pared down to 834. e) Pretesting of this 834 item questionnaire by people selected in a five-stage sampiing process including faculty, students, and alumni of the 79 sampled seminaries, laypersons from congregations served by the seminary alumni identified above, and denominational executives responsible for placement of seminary graduates. f) Revision of the questionnaire, field -testing in four seminaries and six congregations' and further revision. g) Selection of the sample as in "e" above of over 11,000 people, of whom 5,169 responded in some fashion, with 4,895 usable questionnaires. h) Employment of several sophisticated techniques of data organization and analysis including cluster and factor analysis, multiple-regression, automatic interaction detection.' and analysis of variance. As in most questionnaire studies, response rate is a problem. However, to its distinct


Increased circulating pro-adrenomedullin was associated with worsening of asthma and COPD. This observation is peculiar as adrenomedullin (ADM), is supposed to have beneficial rather than negative health effects. ADM signals via receptor activity modifying protein (RAMP)-1, -2, -3, and calcitonin receptor like receptor (CRLR). We aimed to find the mechanism by which increased ADM worsens these diseases. Protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in tissue sections and by western blotting in primary bronchial epithelial cells of asthma (n=31), COPD patients (n=14) and controls (n=14). The effect of ADM (10 -6 M) on cytokine secretion was determined by ELISA and on matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) by zymography. ADM was equally expressed in healthy and diseased lung tissue, while CRLR expression was lower in epithelial cells compared to sub-epithelial cells. RAMP-1, -2 and -3 were expressed only by sub-epithelial cells. This cell type specific expression was confirmed in isolated cells. Recombinant ADM induced CXCL1 and CXCL5 secretion in epithelial cells of asthmatics, while IL-6 secretion was increased in asthma and control cells. In contrast, IL-8 secretion was up regulated in COPD epithelial cells. MMP-9 activity was higher in COPD, as compared to healthy and asthmtic cells. ADM showed a little effect on MMP-9 activity in COPD cells, however, ADM increased the activity of MMP-9 in asthmatics cells. Our results suggest a novel regulatory system of a cell-type and disease-specific response to ADM regulating inflammation, angiogenesis and remodeling in the human lung. Thus understanding the ADM system biology may lead to novel therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This abstract has been presented previously at the European Respiratory Society9s Lung Science Conference in March 2016.


Disclosed is a circuit for reducing ripple waves and suppressing noise for an adjustable precision direct current high-voltage source. The circuit is composed of a first class coupling network A, a broadband transformer B, a front power amplifier C, a broadband transformer D and a second class coupling network E. The first class coupling network A is connected with the broadband transformer B and the second class coupling network E. The broadband transformer B is connected with the front power amplifier C. The front power amplifier C is connected with the broadband transformer D. The broadband transformer D is connected with the second class coupling network E. According to the circuit for reducing the ripple waves and suppressing the noise for the adjustable precision direct current high-voltage source, an active power filter circuit with negative feedback is arranged, the ripple waves in direct current voltages and the noise in different frequency bands can be separated reliably, and various ripple waves and high-frequency noise can be offset and suppressed initiatively.


The article discusses various ways to implement a discrete conversion of a constant voltage into a step three-phase variable using a semiconductor autonomous inverter. The harmonic composition analysis of the alternating step voltage obtained by discrete transformation is carried out. It is noted that such converters can be used as part of mini-hydroelectric power plants for organizing power supply to household consumers, when the requirements for the content of higher harmonics in the phase voltage do not exceed standard ones. It is shown that under implementing a discrete DC-to-AC step converter, it is relatively easy to solve the problems of balancing the voltage at the inverter output. This eliminates the need to use complex computational procedures with multiple transformation of voltages and currents from their phase values to vector values in a rotating coordinate system, and the balancing procedure is reduced to voltage regulation at the zero point of the three-phase load of the inverter relative to one of the buses of the DC voltage source. Such regulation is carried out by acting on the power switches of the additional fourth inverter rack, which is contained in all voltage balancing circuits. However, the algorithm for managing these keys is greatly simplified.


This paper focuses on the development of load-dependent hysteresis model for Giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM). GMM are a class of smart materials and which are used mostly as actuators for active vibration control. Magnetostrictive actuators can deliver high ouput forces and relatively high displacements. Here, Terfenol-D, a magnetostrictive material is studied. Unlike the hysteresis seen in magnetic materials, The shape of Terfenol-D hysteresis curve changes significantly if the load is changed. To meet performance requirements for active vibration control, an accurate hysteresis model is needed. By modeling the Gibbs energy for each dipole and the equilibrium states, load-dependent hysteresis of GMM is modeled. Then a new PSO-LSM algorithm is brought forward by combing the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with the least square method (LSM).Throughout this algorithm the model parameters were identified. The model results and experimental data were compared at different loads. The simulation results show that the load-dependent hysteresis model optimized by PSO-LSM yields outstanding performance and perfect accuracy.


Spanning the last five decades, these thoughtfully selected pieces from the best golf writers of the modern era show that no sport has mirrored American culture and society as closely as golf. Publishers Weekly called it "astute", "hilarious", and "touching". Schuyler Bishop's unique personal introductions showcase the turning points in the game, revealing the inseparable relationship between golf and life. Here are timeless classics from Bobby Jones and Gene Sarazen, gripping pieces by the great champions Arnold Palmer and Tom Watson, plus John Updike on the Masters and Rick Reilly's look at Tiger Woods.


In this catalogue published in the form of postcards, Fenton defines the belief in unidentified flying objects (U.F.O.'s) as a "folk religion" and discusses this phenomenon in relation to Curran's photographs.


We give tables of Clebsch–Gordan coefficients for the products of SU(4) representations 15⊗15 and 20⊗15, decomposed with respect to SU(3).


The cross sections for inelastic break up have been studied for the 6 Li + 40 ca reaction at ELi = 156 MeV. For this, gamma ray spectra from the heavy residual nuclei were measured in coincidence with beam Velocity projectile fragments. The cross sections + 14 + 12 were found to be: 34 _ 9 mb for protons, 30 _ mb for deuterons, + 142 7 and 78 _ 41 mb for u-particles, respectively. These values are small when ceropared to total break up cross sections. A comparison of the cross section sum of all known reaction paths induced by 6Li + 40ca at 156 MeV with total reaction cross section indicates a missing cross section of the order of a few hundred millibarns. It is discussed whether this cross section may be attributed to pick up reactions. UNTERSUCHUNG DER REAKTIONEN 6Li + 40ca BEI 156 MeV IN EINEM KOINZIDENZEXPERIMENT


Arbitration clauses in consumer contracts are ubiquitous. Typically, it is the party selling the good or providing the service that will present a contract to the prospective buyer as part of a printed form which is pre-drafted by the seller and used by it in numerous transactions. The buyer or the ultimate consumer rarely has the ability to negotiate substantive terms present in these contracts and will either have to take it or leave it, as the terms exist. One of the several clauses in the form will be a provision for the resolution of dispute exclusively through arbitration and the waiver of the right to litigate by the consumer. This paper proposes that it is required to be recognized that mandatory arbitration provisions in consumer contracts are inherently unfair, and are distinct from agreements made by parties of equal bargaining power with a free will to pursue alternate dispute resolution. Pre-dispute arbitration clauses in consumer contracts, need to be placed under a separate legal category and should not be given the same deference as other agreements to arbitrate. The first section of the paper will look at the position in United States and the grounds that exist to challenge pre-dispute clauses. The subsequent section will discuss how the problem of mandatory arbitration is dealt with in the European Union.


The invention relates to a manipulator for conveying pipes and discloses a manipulator system for reverse feeding of the pipes different in length and section shape. The manipulator system is composed of a set of manipulators coaxially arranged. Each manipulator comprises an upper clamping jaw, a lower clamping jaw, a connecting rod set, an air cylinder, a connecting rod, a support shaft, an electric actuator, a guide rail and a roller. The whole manipulator is fixed on a square shaft of a base through a square hole formed in the manipulator and driven to rotate by rotating of the square shaft on the base. The manipulator for conveying the pipes has the advantages of easily guaranteed precision, stable motion, high feeding efficiency, wide application range and the like, and capabilities of being applicable to reverse feeding of the pipes different in length and section shape in different pipe machining equipment.


The article is devoted to the study of the subject and the methodological principles of the legal (etatic) positivism. We study the history of the development of this scientific law school as an example of legal concepts such famous scientists as Y. Bentam, J.S. Mill, J. Austin, G.Kelzen. The article draws attention to the pursuit of legal positivism simplify issues related to the nature of law and law-making, in order to achieve a minimum social justice, which leads to a number of serious contradictions in the legal concept.


1 Researcher at the Web Technologies Study Center (Ceweb.br), of the Brazilian Network Information Center (NIC.br), and professor at Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), with a PhD and master's degree in intelligence technologies and digital design, a PhD Fellowship from Université Paris 1 – Sorbonne, and an MBA in international economics from the University of São Paulo (USP). He did a postdoctoral internship at the Artificial Intelligence and Creative Technologies Laboratory at the University of Salamanca and is a visiting researcher in the cognitive sciences laboratory of Queen Mary University of London.


The purpose of this mixed-methods descriptive study with parents of children newly diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes was to explore their experiences with peer social support following the Social Support to Empower Parents (STEP) intervention and to examine the usefulness of the Family Management Measure (FaMM) in this population. The specific aims were to describe parents" experiences with the STEP social support intervention, describe parents" day-to-day diabetes management as measured by the FaMM, describe the relationship between parental management scores in the six FaMM dimensions and the social support intervention dose used, and explore FaMM scores in relationship to parent satisfaction with the STEP social support intervention. Identified themes of availability, practical tips, and common ground resonated throughout the interviews with parents and reflected Ireys" emotional, informational, and affirmational social support framework. Regardless of the intervention dose, number of parent mentor contacts, or scores on the FaMM scales, all parents interviewed when questioned, gave a 5/5 for satisfaction with the STEP RCT, qualitatively underscoring the positive effect of the


• In this paper we study, under a semi-parametric framework and for heavy right tails, a class of location invariant estimators of a shape second-order parameter, ruling the rate of convergence of the normalised sequence of maximum values to a non-degenerate limit. This class is based on the PORT methodology, with PORT standing for peaks over random thresholds. Asymptotic normality of such estimators is achieved under a third-order condition on the right-tail of the underlying model F and for suitable large intermediate ranks. An illustration of the finite sample behaviour of the estimators is provided through a small-scale Monte-Carlo simulation study. Key-Words: • asymptotic properties; location/scale invariant estimation; Monte-Carlo simulation; PORT methodology; sample of excesses; semi-parametric estimation; shape secondorder parameters; statistics of extremes; third-order framework. AMS Subject Classification: • 62G32, 62E20; 65C05. 300 L. Henriques-Rodrigues, M.I. Gomes, M.I. Fraga Alves and C. Neves PORT-Estimation of a Shape Second-Order Parameter 301


Transatlantic Alliance Burden-sharing: Defining and Justifying the Question A Neoclassical Realist Explanation of Transatlantic Alliance Burden-sharing Vietnam, Lebanon, Persian Gulf, and Somalia Kosovo Afghanistan Iraq Improving Transatlantic Alliance Burden-sharing


Abstract The role of evidence-based prevention registers and "best practice portals", aiming at health enhancing behaviour changes and reducing social inequalities, are even more important in the post COVID era. Evidence-based practices are interventions for which there is consistent scientific evidence asserting that they improve health outcomes for a specific population at time T in setting S. Adaptation and dissemination are the next challenges for decision-makers whereas there is no scientific consensus on a universal dissemination and adaptation model. Best practice portals should help to disseminate evidence-based interventions in health prevention. Therefore specific skills for adapting and implementing programs in local settings are needed. Models for dissemination remain complex for field practitioners and local stakeholders. Nevertheless, effective implementation can be achieved by supporting the local practitioners and stakeholders with scientific standards in prevention research including a delivery system, an organizational capacity, a support system and a strong training and technical assistance. In this workshop, we will briefly present: 1. The implementation of evidence-based interventions (Unplugged, ICAPS Intervention centred on adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior) or experimented for adaptation (Panjo: Nurse-family partnership, PSFP: Strengthening Families Program, Good Behavior Game, MBCP: Mindfulness-based childbirth and parenting). 2. The lessons learned from the implementation of these interventions. The required conditions for dissemination include readiness assessment, affordability of training and manuals, targeted audience, materials, supportive training and assistance. Fidelity monitoring tools must be provided for field practitioners who face the dilemma to adapt evidence-based program respecting its unchangeable core components (fidelity vs. flexibility in adapting an evidence-based intervention).


In this article the authors aim to study to find out specifics of the national electoral sociology and to analyze the negative experience of sociological support election campaigns in Ukraine. The authors are convinced that dominant functions of electoral sociology, among other functions of social science is forecasting and diagnostic. The study argues that the institutionalization of electoral sociology in Ukraine since independence has started, because in the Soviet Union, this branch of sociological knowledge and practice are unlikely to have development prospects. An important issue of electoral sociology in Ukraine, which on the surface is rather frequent failures reputable research agencies and famous sociologists associated with the prediction of voting behavior of the population. The main problems of domestic electoral sociology authors emphasize failure to implement adequate theoretical reflection of existing empirical rather rich. Moreover, serious methodological problem was a "limited" electoral sociology that empirical dimension focused mainly on pollsters-approach. To demonstrate some of the problems of modern domestic electoral sociology turn to sociological impacts elections to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 2012. Through the analysis of the 2012 election authors conclude manifestations effect «the last minute swing». In addition, the authors raise the issue of interpretation "inconformity" or answers wavering. The article states that as a result of the rise of authoritarian tendencies in society or voter or the sociologist or the customer (which is often a representative of the ruling elite) cannot to provide qualitative sociological information.


A potential function method with estimated parameter is proposed for blindness of scale parameter selecting of k-dimensional subspace method.Firstly,the reference value r1is estimated based on observed signals and the scale parameterσ1for potential function f is estimated based on r1.When cluster planes are estimated by f,the reference value r2is estimated based on them and the scale parameterσ2for potential function g is estimated based on r2.Thus,we obtain the estimation of mixing matrix.This method makes full use of the statistical properties of observed signals.The experiment shows that this method is reduced by 75%in matrix estimation error than the method before improved and is reduced by 1-2orders of magnitude compared with other methods when there is no noise;the estimated precision is 8.7%higher and the accuracy rate of the source' s number estimation is twice higher.


The quality of education in any country is linked to level of development and productivity because the global market is knowledge-driven. This paper focuses on improving the quality of basic education in Nigeria for national development and productivity. The paper gives an overview of universal basic education in Nigeria and examines some factors of quality education such as teacher quality, funding, academic progress and so on. The significance of education in national development is highlighted and hence the need for improving the quality of basic education for effective human capital development to attain national development and productivity. The paper recommends among other things the need to improve teacher quality at basic education level through recruitment processes and training opportunities for basic school teachers.


Inclusive education is first stated in the early 1990s. The concepts of inclusive education increasingly are developed by all countries. Many countries have carried out the policies of inclusive education and in different degree of inclusive education work. Although many areas in China have begun to implement inclusive education measures, the development of inclusive education in our country is still in the bud. In the university education still exist in the traditional teaching concept. Society's understanding of inclusive education view and opinions vary, even there exist objections. Inclusive education, as a kind of new trend of international education and inclusive education, is the trend of the development of the education in the 21st century. Therefore, one must conform to the trend of globalization of education and strengthen the research and spread of inclusive education thought. The inclusive education of Canada is focused on kinds of students with special educational needs and cooperation learning as the characteristics. Canada and China are both similar in multiple nationalities, multicultural country, especially in terms of education. Firstly, the writer concentrated on Canadian inclusive education development present situation as the research object, and then draws lessons from the development characteristic of inclusive education in Canada; thirdly, the author analyzes the situation in China and puts forward some enlightenment on college teaching in our country. Finally, the writer suggests the enlightenment of college education in China and its reference.


As a successive part, the paper introduces the second mode of abnormal hydrodynamic
thrust slider bearings with divergent surface separations registered in the patents, where the
boundary slippage is artificially designed both on the stationary surface in the inlet zone and on the
whole moving surface.

To introduce a second method for artificially designing the boundary slippage for the formation
of abnormal hydrodynamic thrust slider bearings.

The analytical results are presented for the introduced bearings. The performances of the
bearings are demonstrated.

In appropriate operating conditions, the introduced bearings can have considerable loadcarrying
capacities with low friction coefficients on the scales 10-3 or 10-4. With the weakening of the
boundary slippage on the moving surface, the load-carrying capacities of the bearings are all increased,
while the friction coefficients of the bearings are all reduced.

When the boundary slippage is present both on the stationary surface in the bearing inlet
zone and on the whole moving surface, abnormal hydrodynamic thrust slider bearings can be designed
with the surface separation in the bearing inlet zone lower than that in the bearing outlet zone. The performances
of these bearings are quite satisfactory.


In our study, in order to meet the energy demand of a plant in Konya city, a hybrid system consisting of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) solar energy system, battery and diesel generator was analysed and designed using the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software. While analysing, features such as the geographical location of Konya and physical and economic constraints of the plant were taken into consideration. After the analysis and design of the system, the effects of the conditions such as decrease in efficiency in the PV panels, increase in load and power outages that are likely to occur over the years were examined. In the study, parameters such as net present cost (NPC) and energy cost were taken into consideration as evaluation criteria. According to the simulation results, in order to meet the daily electricity consumption of the plant with an average of 1000 kWh, a 3500 kW solar panel, a 2400 kW diesel generator, a 55 kWh battery and a 2885 kW converter was proposed. The NPC value of this system is 7.81 M$ and the investment cost is 1.94 M$. Considering the annual yield loss of 0.81% in PV panels, NPC increased by 7.94%, energy cost increased by 11.16%, and the rate of renewable energy resources (RES) in the system decreased by 5.74%. When the increase rate of electricity demand was considered as 2% annually, NPC increased by 42.13%, energy cost increased by 24.29%. When the electricity outages in plant were evaluated, NPC increased by 2.56% and energy cost increased by 2.87%. As a result, with the proposed hybrid energy generation system, the electricity demand of the plant can be met reliably.


A regulation with respect to bioequivalence and invitro dissolution of solid oral dosage forms in USA and Japan is summarized and compared. Significant differences in vari- ous parameters like dissolution, biowaiver, inclusion- ex- clusion criteria of subjects in the clinical trials, statistical results were found between two systems. The regulatory experienced gained up to now is studied and compared.


Spatially resolved reflectance close to source has received a great deal of attention recently. This research is considered to develop a new noninvasive technique for measuring the optical properties of biological media. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we investigated the influence of third-order parameter 5 on diffuse reflectance and found that the reflectance decreased with an increase of delta at a short source-detector separation of approximately 0.7-2 transport mean free paths. We show that the effects of two parameters, y and second-order parameter delta, on the reflectance are contrary. As a result the influence of the second-order parameter y on the reflectance is irregular when the condition delta delta<<delta gamma is not satisfied.


The utility model discloses a household garbage dry and wet classifying and processing device which comprises a garbage feeding mechanism, a garbage dry and wet separating mechanism, a wet garbage bearing and conveying mechanism, a dry garbage bearing and conveying mechanism, and a dry garbage sorting and conveying mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding box and a boosting mechanism, a feeding hole is formed in the feeding box, the dry and wet separating mechanism comprises a latticed horizontal roller with openings in two ends, the roller is axially aslant and movably arranged in a roller installing frame, a garbage feeding hole is formed in the front end of the roller, a dry garbage discharging hole is formed in the rear end of the roller, a gear transmission and rotation supporting mechanism is arranged between the roller and the roller installing frame, a bracket is arranged below the installing frame, the wet garbage bearing and conveying mechanism comprises a wet garbage belt conveyor arranged in the bracket in a penetrating manner, the dry garbage bearing and conveying mechanism comprises a dry garbage belt conveyor, and the dry garbage sorting and conveying mechanism comprises impurity belt conveyors which are arranged at two axial sides of a dry garbage conveyor. After dry garbage and wet garbage are separated, garbage is classified, so that the labor cost is lowered, the work efficiency is improved, and the environment pollution is reduced.


We consider an abstract bifurcation equation $P(x)+\varepsilon Q(x,\varepsilon, \omega)=0$, where $P$ and $Q$ are operators, $\varepsilon$ is the bifurcation parameter, $\omega \in \Omega$, is the random variable and $(\Omega, \mathcal{F})$ is a measurable space. The aim of the paper is to provide conditions on $P$ and $Q$ to ensure the existence, for any $\omega \in \Omega$, of a branch of solutions originating from the zeros of the operator $P$. We show that the considered abstract bifurcation is the model of a random autonomous periodically perturbed differential equation having the property that the unperturbed equation corresponding to $\varepsilon = 0$ has a limit cycle. As a consequence we obtain the existence, for any $\omega \in \Omega$, of a branch of periodic solutions of the perturbed equation emanating from the limit cycle.


This paper introduces a virtual recording and analysis instrumentation system for recording and identifying electrocardiographic (ECG) signals. The system developed is aimed at constructing a PC-based virtual instrumentation which enables to record. investigate and measure the ECG signal of 12 leads simultaneously and perfectly in order to improve the measuring precision of ECG. Based on the proper feature in time domain of Mexican hat wavelet expressed by positioning and analysis precision for QRS complex, the instrumentation system uses continuous wavelet transform(CWT) and uses the Mexican hat as the wavelet base to measure precisely the characteristic information and generate the precise characteristic parameters of ECG. The analysis of measured ECG signals in hospital demonstrated that even in the condition with serious noise interference, the method presented is still easily to describe the characteristics of ECG on line precisely which makes the instrumentation system valuable in practical application.


(1) Floristic lists have been compiled for twenty-three islands in Lake Manapouri, New Zealand. (2) Wilson's modification of Gilpin & Diamond's test was used to examine deviation from a null model in which species are distributed independently of each other. There was very clear deviation from the null model of species co-occurrences for native species, especially for woody species and for records inland of the lake shore. The deviations were explicable as habitat differences. The exotic guild showed no departure from the null model. (3) Incidence functions were examined. There was very little evidence for the existence of 'supertramps', i.e. species tending to occur on small islands. However, the few species showing such a tendency were species that might be expected, from their general ecology, to be among any supertramps. (4) Determinacy is considered, and especially nesting, i.e. the extent to which the flora of a species-poor island is a subset of the flora of species-richer islands. An index of nesting is introduced. Significant nesting existed amongst the native flora, especially for the woody species and especially inland, though it was far from complete. Nesting amongst the exotic species was lower, but still significant. (5) The results are compatible with a community structure determined primarily by the response of individual species to habitat, similar to Gleason's model. The exotic guild is clearly differently structured from the native guild, and has probably not yet reached equilibrium. Inland occurrences show more structure than shore ones, probably because of the greater variety in shore habitats between islands. Woody species consistently showed more structure than herbaceous ones. This points to community structure with dominant woody 'climax' species occupying the sites ecologically suitable for them, with a second tier of species dependent on them, or in marginal or disturbed sites.


An advanced oxidation process (AOP) utilizing immobilized zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst was employed to decolorize and mineralize orange G (OG) azo dye in wastewater under solar and visible light irradiation. This AOP employed visible light and ZnO in a so-called Vis/ZnO process. Operating parameters, including ZnO dosage, initial OG concentration, pH, visible-light intensity, catalyst loaded area, and treatment volume were investigated to illustrate their influences on OG degradation and mineralization. From the results, neither visible light alone, nor the ZnO adsorption process could degrade or remove OG from wastewater. However, for the Vis/ZnO process, the higher ZnO dosage and visible light intensity are two major parameters to improve the OG degradation and total organic carbons (TOC) mineralization. The initial pH of 11 was the most effective pH condition on the OG degradation. The first-order rate constant is exponentially decreased from 0.025 to 0.0042 min−1 with the increase of the initial OG concentration and an empirical equation can be derived to estimate the first-order rate constant with a known initial OG concentration. In contrast, the first-order rate constant is linearly increased from 0.0027 to 0.0083 min−1 by increasing the visible light intensity. The results present that the Vis/ZnO process is an effective AOP for the degradation of OG in wastewater.


This is the data dictionary for the excel spreadsheet submitted in reference to the PLOS One article on the association of healthcare worker status with outcomes in COVID-19


Standard examples of inverse limits arise from sequences of groups, with maps between them: for instance, if we have the sequence Gn = Z/pZ for n ≥ 0, with the natural quotient maps πn+1 : Gn+1 → Gn, the inverse limit consists of tuples (g0, g1, . . . ) ∈ ∏ n≥0Gn such that πn+1(gn+1) = gn for all n ≥ 0. This is a description of the p-adic integers Zp. It is clear that more generally if the Gn are any groups and πn+1 : Gn+1 → Gn any homomorphisms, we can define a notion of the inverse limit group in the same way. However, we will make a more general definition.


This paper advances a method to identify any time slots,which is used for Fiber-eptic Communication based on SDH(Synchronous digital hierarchy), and puts forward two measures to realize the method on FPGA(Field Programmable Logic Array),and describe the second measure in detail,in the end,the second measure is proved by using the SignalTap,which is a signal sampling tool in exploiture software Quartus5.0 of Altera Company.


Energy-related activities are a major contributor of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A growing body of knowledge clearly depicts the links between human activities and climate change. Over the last century the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil and other human activities has released carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and other heat-trapping GHG emissions into the atmosphere and thus increased the concentration of atmospheric CO2 emissions. The main human activities that emit CO2 emissions are (1) the combustion of fossil fuels to generate electricity, accounting for about 37% of total U.S. CO2 emissions and 31% of total U.S. GHG emissions in 2013, (2) the combustion of fossil fuels such as gasoline and diesel to transport people and goods, accounting for about 31% of total U.S. CO2 emissions and 26% of total U.S. GHG emissions in 2013, and (3) industrial processes such as the production and consumption of minerals and chemicals, accounting for about 15% of total U.S. CO2 emissions and 12% of total ...


A proportion of graduate employees have characterised their workplace as having high or very high levels of innovation. These highly innovative workplaces may focus on one type of innovation or incorporate several types. The existence of highly innovative workplaces within the education sector can be compared with other sectors, such as manufacturing or other public services. Exploring differences in the proportion of such highly innovative workplaces at different levels of education provides insights into how these are spread across primary, secondary and higher education.


Abstract Upper-tropospheric waves are important in midlatitude synoptic-scale dynamics. Their life duration is typically longer than time scales for disruption by the ambient shaer and they often induce surface cyclogenesis. In this paper a dynamical model is proposed for the maintenance of these upper-level waves based on the upper-level Eady normal modes. An analytical model of waves is developed on Eady basic states that have uniform tropospheric and stratospheric potential vorlicity. While the standard Eady basic state represents the limiting case of infinite stratospheric static stability, it is found that the standard Eady normal-mode characteristics hold in the presence of realistic tropopause and stratosphere. In particular, the basic states studied support upper-level normal modes of synoptic scale, which are also nonlinear solutions of the quasigeostrophic equations. It was demonstrated earlier that the upper-level modal solutions do not exist in the presence of even infinitesimal tropospheric g...


Why have modern scholars cared about the Hypnerotomachia Poliphili? What do we know about its readers over time? This complex work — and prized artifact — has held different meanings, and attracted very different levels of attention, from one discipline to another in the world of Renaissance Studies. Poliphilo's wanderings through the groves of modern academe offer us a field guide to scholars and admirers of the era, and contribute to our understanding now of the humanist movement as an approach not just to books but to life and leisure.


Technologies continuously evolve to meet the challenging needs of wireless communication. The ever growing demand for wireless communication requires greater capacity and higher network efficiencies. Spectral efficiency is a key driver of the economics of voice and data services as we approach the rollout of 3G network. In this paper we discuss the technology trends and challenges associated with conversational voice services in the context of fixed mobile conversion. We discuss evolution in cellular modem technology, switching technology, and speech coding technology. The combination of voice over internet protocol and wireless communication promises to revolutionize the whole telecommunication market.


Problem statement: Injection of metallic mercury in the forms of subcutaneous or intravenous has been hitherto reported in less than a hundred cases. Approach: We reported a 19 year old male with history of major depression who subcutaneously injected metallic mercury into his right forearm with suicidal intention. Results: A week later, a mild elevation of creatinine level was noted. Subsequently, mercury deposits were totally removed with all affected tissues and fascia of the right forearm. Later, the creatinine level decreased to the normal range. Conclusion: The present case is an example of suicidal attempt that presented with subcutaneous injection of elemental mercury mimicking bacterial cellulitis. Physicians should consider heavy metal injections when evaluating a patient with history of psychiatric disorders presented with bacterial cellulitis.


The dipnoan heart is only in part structurally developed to support a separated circulation in pulmonary and systemic circuits. In the present investigation biplane angiocardiography has been used to describe the extent of such a double circulation and the factors which may modify it in the African lungfish, Protopterus aethiopicus.


Two novel benzothiadiazole-based small molecules with the electron-withdrawing fluorine atom and cyanogroup as ending-group,namely 2F-TT-BT and 2CN-TT-BT,were synthesized successfully by Suzuki coupling and Knoevengel condensation reaction,respectively.Their molecular structures were characterized by NMR and HRMS,and their properties were investigated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry experiments.The photophysical and electrochemical properties show that the synthesized compounds exhibit broad absorption range covering the whole UV-vis spectral region of the sunlight and keep appropriate HOMO and LUMO energy levels with PC61BM to satisfy the basic requirements of solution-processable preparation for OSCs.Therefore,the photovoltaic(PV)property of 2F-TT-BT as donor was investigated by fabricating the bulk-heterojunction(BHJ)solar cells with a typical structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/2F-TT-BT:PC61BM(mass ratio:1∶2)/Al.As a preliminary result, it reveals a performance with a PCE of 0.53%.The experimental results indicate that these small molecules are potential PV materials for OSCs.


The objective of this research is to know the types of error based on surface strategy taxonomy and proportions (frequency and percentage) that occur on students' writing. The research is done toward the students at the first grade. Research methodology used is descriptive qualitative method. The data of this research were gathered by copying the papers, then identifies and analyzes it. From the research, It is found that there are 205 items errors. It consists of 60 omission errors, 48 addition errors and 97 misformation errors. It is known that that the highest frequency of errors based on surface strategy taxonomy is misformation   errors are (47.31%), followed by omission errors are (29.26%) and addition errors errors are (23.41%).


Simple Summary Here is described a new genus and species of minute marsh-loving beetles (Limnichidae) from the Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new fossil can be accurately assigned to the subfamily Limnichinae and tribe Limnichini. The new genus is similar to extant members of the genus Platypelochares, currently distributed in the Indo-Malayan Region, and a member of the fossil genus Hernandochares gen. nov. from the Eocene Baltic amber. The Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil genera described here and some other modern limnichines (Polyphaga) have small body size and some structural similarities to myxophagan torridincollids (Myxophaga), probably because of their association with riparian and hygropetric habitats. Abstract Burmochares groehnigen. et sp. nov., the oldest known representative of the subfamily Limnichinae and tribe Limnichini, is described from the Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. The new genus Hernandochares gen. nov. is proposed for Platypelochares electricus Hernando, Szawaryn et Ribera, 2018 (type species of this new genus) from the Eocene Baltic amber. The structurally similar genera Platypelochares, Burmochares gen. nov., Hernandochares gen. nov., some other limnichines (Polyphaga) and some torridincollids (Myxophaga) are thought to be connected by their preference for similar habitats and lifestyle.


Monodisperse supraparticles has been an emerging hot research topic in the fields of chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology in the past several years. Great attention has been paid to construct monodisperse supraparticles with different sizes, morphologies, and compositions. Their distinctive hierarchical structures and collective properties from various building blocks offer huge benefits towards catalyzing reactions. In this review, we first outline the recent progress on the formation of supraparticles. Afterwards, their applications in photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and thermal catalysis are summarized. Last, the prospect in this research area is discussed.


The present invention relates to a fog seal material and method. Fog seal material is present and the road surface abrasion resistance and the disadvantage of poor adhesion during use, easily worn road use, away. The present invention and bituminous regeneration heat-melting agent, penetration aids mixing with the aqueous emulsifier solution and the molten asphalt mixture prepared mixing the components A fog seal material; the aqueous epoxy resin and an aqueous epoxy resin curing agent B components were mixed to prepare fog seal material; 10 to 50 parts by weight of component a, 10 to 40 parts by weight of B components were mixed uniformly to obtain fog seal material. The present invention relates to the original road surface with good adhesion, good abrasion resistance, long curing time, permeability, and with good reproducibility aged asphalt pavement function, can quickly penetrate into the layer of aged asphalt, bitumen component in the reconciliation, to restore aged asphalt performance.


Our stock company is facing a serious risk at present. For example, Wan Guo Stock has been annexed, Jun An and Guo Tai have been merged into one, ect. From this we can see that there are some loopholes in our stock management. Therefore some supervisory measures to the stock company should be strengthened, some supervisory rules of the stock should be set up and stock law should be perfected in order to take precautions against risks.


Abstract:China and India have had largely peaceful relations over thousands of years. However, despite having long ago agreed to coexist on the basis of peaceful coexistence, border disputes have marred their relationship. More recently, the two countries have declared a strategic partnership and strengthened their economic interaction; but they suspect each other on a range of issues besides their border, such as the Dalai Lama, nuclear proliferation, and the policies of Pakistan and the United States. This article suggests ways to moderate Sino-Indian tensions by offering some non-realist approaches. It proposes peaceful coexistence as a higher priority than national sovereignty. It suggests how Beijing and New Delhi may forge a constructive partnership, a process they have already started.


South Africa is a leading destination for ecotourism. The establishment of ecotourism projects in South Africa - as is the case with most of the world - has been associated with geographically remote rural spaces located in the peripheral regions of the tourism space economy. This paper directs attention to the progress of an urban ecotourism destination in South Africa, namely Dinokeng in the Tshwane metropolitan area which is centred around the city of Pretoria. Dinokeng is distinguished by the fact that it hosts a Big Five game reserve in a metropolitan area. The research is based on stakeholder interviews conducted with 27 accommodation providers. The present study is original for its subject focus on urban ecotourism and by offering stakeholder perspectives on the emergence, progress and challenges of this ecotourism destination as a vital dimension of tourism change occurring in the Global South.


Colonization of implanted substrates by Gammarus pulex (L.) was studied during a 32 d period in a South Swedish stream. Size class diversity and evenness indices increased throughout the period. Colonization rate decreased for small animals and increased for large ones during the colonization process while the rate for the size classes combined was linear. The number of animals colonizing an implanted substrate was found to be determined by the momentary carrying capacity of the substrate rather than by the number of animals in the drift, provided the number of drifters was above a certain value.


In the television receiver having a picture-in-picture (PIP), the controller analyzes the content of the video signal for forming a main image, a slight movement, structure, and / or represents recurring structure, the area of the main picture automatically adjust the size and position of the corresponding PIP picture. The controller also prevents text PIP image in the main video, a face, or other that are located on the key object.


We present a novel chemical sensor based on a microfabricated array of silicon cantilevers. Individual cantilevers are sensitized for the detection of analytes using metal coatings. Analyte molecules chemisorbing or physisorbing on the cantilever coating and chemical reactions produce a change in interfacial stress between analyte molecules and cantilever. This leads to a nanomechanical response of the cantilever, i.e. bending. The bending is read out using a time-multiplexed optical beam-deflection technique. From magnitude and temporal evolution of the bending, quantitative information on analyte species and concentration is derived. Here, we demonstrate the detection of ethene and water vapor with such a nanomechanical nose.


This paper reviews the relation between environmental performance,environmental information disclosure and economic performance.Then the deficiency of the existing research is pointed out,which is helpful for subsequent research.


OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of midazolam on local anesthetics-induced convulsion.METHODS One hundred-sixty mice were ramdomly divided into ropivacaine,bupivacaine,lidocaine and chloroprocaine experiments,each of which was then divided into midazdam 0(normal control),0.25,0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg-1 groups.Mice were ip given midazdam and 20 min later sc given ropivacaine 86 mg·kg-1,bupivacaine 48 mg·kg-1,lidocaine 80 mg·kg-1 and chloroprocaine 250 mg·kg-1,respectively.The convulsion latency and convulsion duration were observed.Another 180 mice were randomly divided into 4 experiments,which were again divided into midazolam 0(normal control),0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg-1 groups.The ED50 was analyzed by sequential method in mice.RESULTS Compared with normal control group,the convulsion latency of local anesthetics-induced convulsion was extended by midazolam 0.25,0.5 and 1 mg·kg-1〔for ropivacaine,from 162±21 to 186±50,352±229 and (420±255)s;for bupivacaine,from 136±19 to 227±40,485±355 and (234±223)s(P0.01);for lidocaine,from 164±34 to 247±101,216±54 and (421±168)s;for chloroprocaine,from 183±63 to 238±131,392±219 and (420±211)s〕.The convulsion duration was shortened 〔for ropivacaine,from 914±306 to 336±172,248±70 and (290±42)s(P0.01),for bupivacaine,from 537±175 to 442±129,131±147 and (30±62)s,for lidocaine,from 26±9 to 23±5,27±4 and (16±5)s,for chloroprocaine,from 304±93 to 269±184,123±145 and (114±140)s〕.The ED50 was improved by midazolam 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg-1〔for ropivacaine,from 51.2 to 68.1 and 89.3 mg·kg-1,for bupivacaine,from 38.6 to 50.3 and 57.2 mg·kg-1;for lidocaine,from 48.80 to 71.5 and 86.2 mg·kg-1 and for chloroprocaine,from 152.5 to 254.1 and 190.6 mg·kg-1(P0.01)〕.CONCLUSION Midazolam can antagonize local anesthetics-induced convulsion and prevent neurotoxicity of local anesthetics.


A path graph is the intersection graph of paths in a tree. A directed path graph is the intersection graph of paths in a directed tree. We present a new algorithm to recognize path graphs and directed path graphs. It has the same worst-case time complexity as the faster recognition algorithms known so far but it does not require complex data structures and it has an easy and intuitive implementation based on a new characterization of path graphs [N. Apollonio and L. Balzotti, A New Characterization of Path Graphs, CoRR, abs/1911.09069, (2019).]. keyword: path graphs, intersection graphs, recognition algorithms.


In response to a demand for alternatives to helium-3 detectors in the field of nuclear security, Silverside Detectors developed a novel thermal neutron detector with a goal of reducing the cost per neutron count. We use lithium-6 foil in a rectangular multi-wire proportional counter. The design is resistant to impact and vibrations, and can be used in a wide range of temperatures. The cost per neutron count of Li-6 panels is less than half that of He-3 tubes, with a comparable sensitivity. Silverside's detectors are currently deployed by the United States Departments of Defense and Homeland Security at airport and border locations.


Mesozoic deposits crop out in East Greenland mainly between lat. 70°25^prime and 76°20^primeN. The sediments were deposited in fault-bounded basins having a NNE trend. The faulting began during late Paleozoic, but block faulting persisted in the Mesozoic and Tertiary (tensional faulting). In the Mesozoic, tectonic activity occurred particularly during the Late Jurassic. During much of the Mesozoic, the area formed the margin of the northern Atlantic sea of that time. The composite thickness of the Mesozoic sequence is 6,000-7,000 m. The sequence is dominated by clastic material deposited in shallow water. The lowermost Triassic (lower Scythian) is marine and in certain areas separated from the Upper Permian by only a minor disconformity. Thick arkose and conglomerate beds of fluviatile origin overlie the marine Scythian. The Middle(?) Triassic and lower part of the Upper Triassic consist of evaporites, dolomite with stromatolites, and redbeds of littoral and sublittoral origin. During the Rhaetic-early Liassic, nonmarine sandstones and shales, containing a rich flora, were deposited. Except for the Scythian, the Triassic facies are very similar to the facies in northern Europe of that time. All Jurassic stages (Pliensbachian and younger) are known. The succession consists mainly of coarse clastic sandstone deposited in shallow to very shallow water, and is dominated by "Skolithos" ichnofacies and "Cruziana" ichnofacies. Siltstone and sandstone containing more prolific marine faunas are intercalated. From the Cretaceous, the Berriasian, Valanginian, Aptian, Albian, Cenomanian, Turonian, Santonian, and Campanian stages are known. As in the Jurassic, clastic sediments dominate; impure limestone is widely distributed only in rocks of Valanginian age. The Scythian and Middle and Late Jurassic ammonite faunas are especially abundant. These faunas are most significant to our knowledge of northern faunal provinces and boreal biostratigraphy. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2469------------


Attribute reduction and rule generation (attribute value reduction) are two of the main processes of knowledge acquisition. A self-optimizing approach based on a difference comparison table for knowledge acquisition for these processes is proposed. For the attribute reduction process, conventional logic computation was replaced by matrix computation with some added concepts from evolutionary computation and used to construct the self-adaptive optimizing algorithm. In addition, some sub-algorithms and proofs are presented in detail. For the rule generation process, a value orderly reduction algorithm, which simplifies the complexity of rule knowledge, is presented. The approach provides an effective and efficient method for knowledge acquisition, which is supported by the experimentation.


The paper discusses data on the high frequency of non-indicated use of proton pump inhibitors and on the manifestations of potential harms of their use.


For systems possessing only first-class constraints, we rigorously prove that the secondary constraints act as independent generators of gauge transformations (Dirac's conjecture). The proof essentially consists in demonstrating that the total and the extended Hamiltonian generate the same time evolution for the canonical realization, f (q,p), of the gauge-invariant quantities. We also dis.cuss the alternative realization of these quantities.


ABSTRACT : THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DEEP BREATHING RELAXATION TO ELDERLY REDUCED STRESS IN TRESNA WERDHA ELDERLY NURSING HOME IN NATAR OF SOUTH LAMPUNG DISTRICT IN 2019 Introduction : mental problems that often occur in elderly include stress, anxiety, and depression. The elderly suffered mental problems such as not precious feeling, loneliness, and lost. When these stressing conditions continue and are not mitigated immediately, then they would cause elderly's mental problems. The survey and observation 17 elderly suffered moderate stress with characteristics including easy to be fatigue, tensed back muscles, losing sleeping time, guilty feeling, fear and anxiety, hard beat chest, and trembling body. Objective : the objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of deep breathing relaxation to elderly reduced Method : this was a quantitative and quasi-experiment research by using one group pretest and posttest design. Population was 17 respondents and samples were of total population. Data were analyzed by using dependent t-test by using DASS questionnaires with 14 items as measurement instrument. Result : the average scores of stresses before and after breathing relaxation therapy 2019 were 21.53 and 16.29 respectively. The statistic test result derived p-value 0.000 < α 0.05. Conclusion : Ther is aeffectivenessof deep breathing relaxation therapy to elderly reduced. The researcher suggests that the deep breathing relaxation therapy can be used to reduce elderly stress in TresnaWerdha Elderly Nursing Home. This therapy can be used as alternative medication concerning stress to mitigate psychological problems of elderly especially stress. Keywords: Deep Breathing Relaxation, Stress Level ,Elderly INTISARI:KEEFEKTIFAN RELAKSASI NAFAS DALAM TERHADAP PENURUNAN STRES PADA LANSIA Pendahuluan : Masalah mental yang sering terjadi pada lansia adalah stres, kecemasan dan depresi. Lansia yang mengalami masalah mental mulai mengalami perasaan tidak berharga, kesepian dan kehilangan. Apabila kondisi stres ini terus menerus terjadi pada lansia dan tidak di atasi secepatnya maka akan berdampak kemasalah kejiwaan lansia. Hasil Survei dan Observasi didapatkan, 17 lansia dengan stres sedang, ciri-ciri fisik mudah lelah, otot punggung terasa tegang, kehilangan waktu tidur, perasaan bersalah, timbul perasaan ketakutan dan kecemasan, jantung berdebar-debar, serta badan sering gemetar. Tujuan : Diketahui Keefektifan Relaksasi Nafas Dalam Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Stres Pada Lansia. Metode : Jenis Penelitian Kuantitatif, Rancangan Penelitian Quasi Experimen Design Dengan Pendekatan One Grup Pretes- Posttes Design. Populasi dalam Penelirian ini Sebanyak 17 responden dan Sampel Penelitian ini Menggunakan Total Sampling , Uji statistik menggunakan uji t-tes dependen dan menggunakan alat ukur DASS 14 item. Hasil : Pada penelitian ini sebelum diberikan relaksasi nafas dalam didapat nilai mean 21,53 dan setelah diberikan terapi relaksasi nafas dalam didapat nilai mean 16,29, hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai p value 0,000 dimana p value <α (0,05). Simpulan : Ada Keefektifan Relaksasi Nafas Dalam Terhadap Penurunan Stres Pada Lansia. Saran dari peneliti Teknik relaksasi nafas dalam dapat dijadikan pengobatan alternatif dalam panti khususnya tentang stres serta mampu menanggulangi masalah psikologis lansia terutama masalah stres yang muncu Kata Kunci: Relaksasi Nafas Dalam, Stres, Lansia


: The Morphological and physiological responses of 6 olive cultivars seedlings namely; "Agezee", "Koroneiki", "Picual", "Nebal", "Manzanillo" and "Coratina" to three levels of calcium carbonate in soil (9.4%, 22% and 38.1% CaCO 3 ) and two irrigation levels which were 60% and 30% available water "A.W" were studied during two successive seasons, 2012 and 2013.The present study was achieved on one-year old seedlings grown in black plastic bags under saran green house conditions at the experimental farm of the Fac. of Agric. at Demo, Fayoum, Egypt. A negative relationship was found between CaCO 3 % in soil and/or deficit irrigation on growth Parameters of seedlings (plant height, leaf area, total shoot length/plant, dry weight/plant, root length density), total chlorophyll (mg/g fresh weight) and total carbohydrate %. There were great differences among cultivars in their response to CaCO 3 % in soil and drought. The cvs. that were most tolerant are "Nebal" followed by "Agezee" but "Coratina", "Koroneiki" and "Manzanillo" were most susceptible; while "Picual" was intermediate tolerant.


In this paper, the 3D seismic data and logging data of the gold belt are used to carry out the horizon calibration and wave group characteristics analysis. And then I carry on the whole region of the stratigraphic correlation tracking. In the process of 3D seismic data interpretation, the coherent body technique is used to determine the macroscopic features of the fault, and the Express Landmark velocity model of DepthTeam is used to integrate various geological and seismic data. In the control of seismic interpretation horizon, the time depth relationship of the 26 wells is interpolated, and the 3D velocity model is established. The depth value of each interface is obtained by using the depth of the conversion of variable speed. Through the fine interpretation of 3D seismic data, it has been carried out the Jiazhangsi fault(F1)in the eastern part of the Huangjindai oil field, the Erjiegou boundary fault (F2), and the broken groove main fault –Huangdong fault(F3).


This research was conducted to test how big purchasing decisions Towards Smartphones Xiaomi, as the influence of product quality, brand image and perception of the price. The population in this research is the community Neighborhood Pondok Cabe, Tangerang Selatan. Sampling techniques using a purposive sampling by taking samples as many as 75 people. Data collection questionnaire with likert scale using method PLS (Partial Least Square) with the software SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study suggest that (1) the quality of the product significantly to influential buying decision. (2) the brand image has noeffect against significant purchasing decisions. (3) the perception of price effect significantly to purchasing decisions.


Hopf's formalism is extended to chemically reactive turbulent systems, and weak mixing and convective mixing asymptotic forms are considered. The former recovers Corrsin's isotropic decay law for an isothermal first-order, irreversible reaction; the latter extends Hopf's result to equipartition of mechano-chemical energy.


This article is entitled The Analysis of Abstraction Personification in Skillet's Selected Song. The aim of this study is to find and analyse the abstraction personification and the meaning inside the selected song created by Skillet. This study uses the theory of personification from Zhu (1991) and the theory of meaning from Leech (1981) to find out and classify the data in the lyric taken from the selected song, such as: Terrify the Dark, Vapor, and Stars. This study uses library method and qualitative method in collecting and analysing the data. After collecting and analysing the data, it has been found that there are ten lyrics that contain abstraction personification in this study, this study shows that there is abstraction personification based on the theory of Zhu (1991) present in the song selected, but there are only four types of meaning from seven types of meaning by Leech (1981) found inside, there are conceptual, connotative, affective, and thematic meaning.


This paper uses continuum theory to investigate the onset of a particular roll-type thermal convection when a long pitch cholesteric liquid crystal confined between two infinite horizontal flat plates is subjected to a vertical temperature gradient. The initial alignment considered is the characteristic helical configuration with the axis of the helix perpendicular to the plane of the plates. Employing a numerical procedure to determine the temperature gradient at which convection occurs, the variation of this critical value with the pitch of the cholesteric and the initial twist imposed on the sample are investigated. Our predictions appear to provide a useful opportunity for comparison between theory and experiment Etude de l'apparition d'une convection thermique de type cellulaire dans un cristal liquide cholesterique a long pas soumis a un gradient de temperature vertical, applique entre deux plaques horizontales et infinies


An earthquake of magnitude 6.4 occurred in Albania on November 26, 2019 at 03:54:12 (local time). The epicenterof the earthquake was about20 km from the coastal city of Durres. The purpose of this study is toestimate the ground deformation associated with thisearthquakeby Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) technique. A differential interferogram was formed using the two Sentinel-1 Single Look Complex (SLC) images. The flattened and filtered differential interferogram was unwrapped and converted to ground displacement. The results indicatethat in the area close tothe epicentrethe ground is uplifted at a maximum of 8 cm along the radar line-of-sight (LOS). Progressively smaller ground uplift isdetected in an area of about 10-15 km around the major uplift zone. The earthquake could be related with under thrustingof Adria microplate or fault processes within the under thrustedAdria microplate itself. Further monitoring by satellite imagery is needed to investigate the post-seismic ground deformation in the area.


Cemented rockfill (CRF) has been implemented at the Ballarat Gold Project to allow pillarless recovery of the narrow vein gold deposit. The stoping extraction strategy requires both vertical and horizontal CRF exposures to remain stable and prevent excessive dilution.
This paper outlines a program of initial laboratory testing and numerical modelling to ensure safe and efficient CRF exposure design. A novel numerical modelling approach has been developed to accurately simulate the particulate nature of CRF material. The stability of CRF exposures have been determined by conducting a series of three-dimensional numerical models that incorporate extraction, filling and the exposure sequence of the CRF filled stopes.


A comparison is made between two different cooling schemes, including a complete system thermal analysis and weight accounting for each. A hydrogen-direct system operates at a higher pressure (34.5 Mpa) and greater temperature rise in the coolant. There is no temperature limit on the coolant itself and high injector temperatures may be achieved, but the pressure lines must be routed over great distances (10 m). The system is simple, and the coolant is almost weightless. In contrast, an indirect system operates at a lower pressure (3.8n MPa) and the liquid coolant has a much greater thermal capacity. The greater thermal capacity causes much less of a temperature rise in the coolant. The chosen coolant is Syltherm 800. This nontoxic fluid is compatible with any metal, including titanium. The loop requires a separate fuel/coolant heat exchanger and coolant pump. The indirect system offers some distinct safety advantages but is heavier than the direct hydrogen coolant system.


707 Background: CNS metastasis is diagnosed in approximately 15% of patients with breast cancer (BC). The prevalence of Her-2/neu over expression in BC is approximately thirty percent. Over one third of the women treated with trastuzamab for metastatic disease develop CNS metastasis. There is a suspicion that Her-2/neu positive cells may have a predilection for the CNS. We conducted a historic cohort analysis of patients who developed CNS relapse in order to determine if there is a relationship between Her-2/neu over expression and time to relapse.

METHODS
Between January 1997 and May 2003, 63 patients were identified with a diagnosis of BC who had received cranial radiation for CNS metastasis. Her-2/neu and six putative prognostic factors (Age, Race, Stage, Estrogen Receptor[ER], Progesterone Receptor [PR]), and Histologic grade) were assessed. Her-2/neu was considered positive if it was 3+ by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or gene amplification by florescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Time to CNS relapse was measured from the day of diagnosis to the first evidence of CNS disease by magnetic resonance imaging or computerized tomography. Univariate analysis using a general linear modeling approach was performed to determine the association between the time to failure and Her-2/Neu as well as other prognostic factors.

RESULTS
There was no association between Her-2/Neu and time to relapse (p=0.68). Age, race and tumor grade were not associated with early relapse. However both ER negativity and stage were highly associated with early CNS relapse (p=0.0048 and p=0.0005 respectively). The prevalence of Her-2/Neu positive BC was the same as previously reported in other series.

CONCLUSION
Her-2/Neu over expression does not appear to be associated with early CNS relapse. ER negativity and higher stage of disease are significantly related to time to CNS relapse and may justify increased surveillance for occult metastasis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


A method of the hybrid programming of MATLAB and LabVIEW with MATLAB Script node is proposed , and the neural network soft_ sensing forecasting of effluent quality of sewage treatment is implemented by using this method. Compared with other single-language programming methods, this one possesses bigger flexiblity and practical nature.It is possible that the complicated control arithmetic melts into virtual instrument and soft_sensing technique.


The as-quenched microstructure of the Fe–23 at.%Al–8.5 at.%Ti alloy was a mixture of (A2 + D03) phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations indicated that when the alloy was aged at 900 C, the size of the D03 domains increased with increasing aging time, and an A2! (A2 + D03)! (B2 + D03) transition occurred at a/2h100ianti-phase boundaries (APBs). This feature has never been reported by other workers in the Fe–Al–Ti alloy systems. 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The so called candidate training is commonly used to deal with the initialization problem in the cascade-correlation learning. There several candidate hidden units are first trained, and then the one yielding the best value for the covariance criterion is installed in the network. In the case where there are many candidate units to be trained, the total computational cost of the training can become very large. Here we consider an approach for weight initialization in the cascade-correlation learning. The proposed method is based on the concept of stepwise regression. Empirical simulations demonstrate that the proposed method can substantially speed-up the cascade-correlation learning compared to the case where the candidate training is used. Moreover the overall performance remained the same or was even better than with the candidate training.


The purpose of the paper is to present a method to validate tentative routes to establish calls with end-to-end timing-constraints in a multihop packet-switching network. Timing release counters are proposed as a mechanism to guarantee that intervals between consecutive releases of messages of the same call are not shorter than the call period. A comparative evaluation of the proposed timing release counters vs. the alternative method of stop-and-go queues is performed.


The reported work aims to objectively and accurately assess the post-stroke clinical condition of visuo-spatial neglect using a series of standardized geometric shape drawing tasks. We present a method implementing existing pencil-and-paper diagnostic methods and define a set of static and dynamic features that can be extracted from drawing responses captured online using a graphics tablet. We also present a method for automatically assessing the constructional sequence of the drawing using Hidden Markov Models. The method enables the automated extraction, position identification and drawing order of individual sides of a shape within a drawing. Discrimination between two populations (a neglect population and stroke subjects without neglect as determined by existing standard assessment methods) using a combination of performance features and constructional sequence is examined across three separate drawing tasks. Results from experimentation show how a combination of sequence and performance features is able to generalize across a wide variety of input samples and obtain a diagnostic classification which can be used alongside other forms of conventional assessment. Furthermore, the application of a multi-classifier combination strategy leads to a significant increase in recognition ability.


The circumvention-of-limits hypothesis holds that the more expert (i.e., knowledgeable) the task performer, the less it matters for task performance whether that person has limited general cognitive ability. We tested this hypothesis using a knowledge-activation approach to manipulate knowledge experimentally. The criterion task, which we designed to capture a fundamental requirement of a broad class of real-world tasks, was a placekeeping task in which participants had to perform a sequence of operations in a specified order, applying seven different two-alternative decision rules to a series of randomly-generated stimuli. The measures of interest in this task were response time and accuracy, as well as frequency of use of a help function to recall the correct sequence of steps. In the knowledge-activated condition, we gave participants a mnemonic in which the first letters of the decision rules spelled the English word unravel. In the knowledge-not activated condition, no mnemonic was given, and the use and discovery of mnemonics was frustrated by reversing the terms of some of the decision rules so that their first letters spelled the difficult to pronounce non-word unrbcel. The predictor tasks, which we used to predict performance in the placekeeping task, were standard tests of cognitive ability, which have been shown to predict performance differences in a wide range of complex tasks. Inconsistent with the circumvention-of-limits hypothesis, the positive effect of cognitive ability on placekeeping performance did not differ across conditions. This finding adds to previous evidence that it may not always be possible to overcome limitations on cognitive ability through extensive training. CIRCUMVENTION-OF-LIMITS HYPOTHESIS 3 A Knowledge-Activation Approach to Testing the Circumvention-of-Limits Hypothesis The question of what role, if any, general cognitive ability plays in skilled performance is the subject of vigorous debate in the literature on expertise (see, e.g, Hambrick, Oswald, Altmann, Meinz, Gobet, & Campitelli, 2014). The basic idea of the circumvention-of-limits hypothesis (Salthouse, 1991; Hambrick & Meinz, 2011) is that the effect of domain-general abilities and capacities on performance diminishes as skill in a task is acquired through training. In other words, higher cognitive ability translates into superior performance initially, but then is replaced by domain-specific knowledge as the most important predictor of performance. This idea, which follows from classical theories of skill acquisition (Fitts & Posner, 1967), was expressed by Ericsson and Charness (1994) as follows: "[p]erformers can acquire skills that circumvent basic limits on working memory capacity and sequential processing" (p. 725). More recently, Ericsson (2014) stated that "acquired mechanisms gradually circumvent the role of any basic general cognitive capacities and thus reduce and even eliminate significant relations between general cognitive ability and domain-specific performance at the expert level of performance" (p. 83). One of the challenges of testing the circumvention-of-limits hypothesis is that it is difficult to experimentally manipulate expertise in the laboratory. It would, for example, take years to train participants who have never played chess to become chess masters, with no guarantee that all participants would reach that level of skill (Gobet & Campitelli, 2007). Consequently, the typical approach in research on expertise is to compare intact groups of novices and experts (e.g., Chase & Simon, 1973). However, a problem with using intact groups is that this approach is quasi-experimental and thus vulnerable to confounds. For example, in CIRCUMVENTION-OF-LIMITS HYPOTHESIS 4 some domains, age and expertise are highly confounded, and finding older novices or young experts in sufficient numbers is difficult. This problem is illustrated by a recent meta-analysis by Burgoyne et al. (2016) examining the relationship between cognitive ability and chess skill. Consistent with the circumvention-of-limits hypothesis, there was a stronger positive correlation between fluid intelligence and chess skill for samples that included unranked chess players (avg. r = .32) than for samples that included ranked (and more skilled) chess players (avg. r = .14). However, the index of skill (unranked vs. ranked) was highly confounded with age, because almost all of the unranked samples were youth and almost all of the ranked samples were adult. An alternative approach to testing the circumvention-of-limits hypothesis is to manipulate the activation of task-relevant knowledge experimentally in a laboratory task. The goal with this knowledge-activation approach is to "add knowledge" to the mind of a participant in a tractably short amount of time before his or her performance is assessed. This addition is achieved through the use of instructions, administered before performance, that activate task-relevant knowledge that all participants can generally be expected to have, and that aids task performance in some way. The advantage of this approach is that random assignment of participants to knowledge groups overcomes the internal validity problems that come with quasi-experimental studies of expert-novice differences. The challenge with this approach is to design a task that can be informed by knowledge representations that are commonly found in the population, and then find a way to activate those representations in one group of participants but not the other. A limitation of this approach is that the gap in CIRCUMVENTION-OF-LIMITS HYPOTHESIS 5 knowledge (and performance differences) between the two groups will almost certainly be smaller than that created by extensive training, a point we return to in the Discussion. In the study that introduced the knowledge-activation approach (Hambrick & Oswald, 2005), participants performed a memory task in which they attempted to remember the movements of spaceships that "flew" from planet to planet in a solar system. Unbeknownst to participants, the spaceships flew in the same manner that baseball players run around a baseball diamond. Participants then performed an isomorphic task in which a baseball diamond replaced the solar system and baseball players replaced the spaceships. Finally, participants completed tests of working memory capacity and knowledge of baseball. The relationship between baseball knowledge and performance was greater in the baseball condition than in the spaceship condition, indicating activation of domain knowledge in the baseball condition. However, the relationship between working memory capacity and performance did not differ across conditions. That is, contrary to the circumvention-of-limits hypothesis, the relationship between working memory capacity and performance was as large in the baseball condition, where task-relevant knowledge was activated, as in the spaceship condition, where it was not. Here, we extend the knowledge-activation approach to placekeeping, a particular kind of "sequential processing" (Ericsson & Charness, 1994) required for performance in many task domains. Placekeeping involves carrying out a sequence of steps in a prescribed order, without skipping or repeating steps. Many everyday tasks include a placekeeping component, and placekeeping errors at many levels of seriousness are possible. In some cases, errors are merely irritating, as when one skips or repeats a step while following a recipe, spoiling the dish. In CIRCUMVENTION-OF-LIMITS HYPOTHESIS 6 other cases, errors can be catastrophic, as when a pilot skips a critical step during a takeoff or landing procedure. To study placekeeping in the laboratory, we developed a task in which there are seven decisions, or steps, that have to be performed in a fixed sequence (Altmann, Trafton, & Hambrick, 2014). Each step is performed on a randomly-generated, multi-dimensional stimulus that affords performance of any of the seven steps. At the end of the sequence, the participant simply returns to the beginning of the sequence, generating a long continuous sequence of performance. Placekeeping is a challenge in this task because the stimulus affords no information about which step is currently correct, meaning that the participant has to remember which step is currently correct. Also, the task environment interrupts the participant at random points between steps with a simple transcription-typing task, after which the participant must resume the sequence where he or she left off. Interruptions are common in many of the same real-world task environments in which placekeeping is required, and have the effect of increasing the error rate at the point of task resumption. Interruptions thus increase external validity of our task to some extent, and also mitigate any problems with restriction of range in the error rate. The task is designed to study memory processes, even though placekeeping is often supported by perceptual cues or "affordances;" for example, in the task of checking your mail, an open mailbox door cues the next step of reaching into the mailbox. However, even when perceptual placekeeping is possible, the memory system cannot simply be "turned off," which means that memory will influence performance regardless of the presence of perceptual cues. CIRCUMVENTION-OF-LIMITS HYPOTHESIS 7 Our question here is whether activating an element of task knowledge on the participant's behalf moderates the relationship between cognitive ability and placekeeping performance. The task knowledge we activated is an acronym (a word in the English language) that represents a mnemonic for the correct step sequence. In the knowledge-activated condition, we took pains to make the acronym salient and to relate it to the correct sequence as participants learned the task. In the knowledge-not-activated condition, we took pains to disguise the acronym and to frustrate the discovery of any mnemonic that would


Taking advantage of both vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and automated driving technology, connected and autonomous vehicles are rapidly becoming one of the transformative solutions to many traffic problems. However, during the car-following process how to solve the multi-objective optimization problem including safety, economy and comfort remains a challenging task. In this paper, a two-layer control strategy for intelligent hybrid electric vehicles with connectivity is proposed to solve this problem. In the upper layer, the vehicle speed is planned based on network information to improve vehicle comfort under the premise of ensuring safety. In the lower layer, based on the velocity trajectory obtained from the upper layer, the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is used to allocate the engine and motor torque to improve the fuel economy. Simulation results show that following safety can be guaranteed. And proposed energy management strategy (EMS) can obtain 6.96% fuel economy improvement compared with rule-based EMS under the China typical urban driving cycle.