Acute pancreatitis in opossums induced by ligation of the pancreatic duct was studied with and without exclusion of bile from gut and with and without exclusion of pancreatic enzymes from gut. Opossum


Boophone disticha is widely used in South African traditional medicine. Several of its biological properties can be corroborated via its alkaloid constituents. Previous research on this plant led to the isolation of several alkaloids, mainly of the crinane alkaloid group of the Amaryllidaceae. In the present study, one new compound 1-O-acetylbuphanamine (1) and four known crinane alkaloids were isolated chromatographically from the ethanol extract of the bulbs of B. disticha. Their structures were determined via spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, ESI-MS, HRMS and IR data.


This study aims at verifying nurses'perception of professional autonomy and the Systematization of Nursing Assistance (in Portuguese, SAE) in a hospital. It is a qualitative and descriptive research. Data was collected by a focus group in the second half of 2007 at a mid-sized private hospital in Curitiba-PR., and analyzed according to thematic analysis. Fifteen nurses working at inpatient units took part in the study. Three categories emerged: SAE as an instrument to reach autonomy; Queries on SAE as an instrument in order to reach autonomy; and Knowledge and decision making to attain autonomy. The participants considered the knowledge afforded by SAE as a motivation to achieve professional autonomy. The present study encourages reflections on the empowerment and more visibility of nursing actions.


In this chapter, we show that consumer researchers interested in studying gender, culture, and consumer behavior may benefit from going beyond gender to consider intersectionality. At base, intersectionality is the idea that each and every person is positioned in society at the intersection of multiple social axes, such as race, class, and, of course, gender. Consequently, every person is subject to advantages and disadvantages particular to his or her intersectional position. This chapter presents the key tenets of the intersectionality literature, highlights intersectionality-oriented work in consumer culture theory, and outlines promising avenues for future research on intersectionality and consumption.


This paper, by using technology of structural equation model (SEM) of the PLS model, discussed the relationship between FDI and promoting green innovation capability of MGIS. The research finds that it has a positive effect on FDI inflows to green innovation resources of MGIS inputs, but FDI information inflows have an inhibitory effect on the manufacturing green innovation human resources. At the same time, green innovation resources of MGIS inputs also have a positive effect on the green innovation capability, but the green innovation resources has an inhibitory effect on the green R&D capability. This paper also finds that based on the intermediary role of innovation resources, FDI inflows have a significant positive influence on green R&D capability and green manufacturing capability, but they have inhibitory effect on the market development capability for green products.


Machine and process for filling containers for pharmaceutical products # Process for filling containers for pharmaceutical products in a filling machine for containers, with phases. Filling the container with the corresponding drug substance with filling means at a station filling said filling machine, weighing the filled container in a weighing station full container to confirm that the amount of pharmaceutical substance which has filled the container is in the desired range, wherein, when the amount of pharmaceutical substance which has filled the container is below the desired range, proceed to move said filling means to the weighing station of filled containers and filling the container with an amount such that the total substance introduced the container in both phases is in the desired range.


We demonstrate a combinatorial approach integrating ion implantation followed by thermal annealing and simultaneous in situ ion beam analysis with thermal desorption spectroscopy in a single set-up. Atomic and molecular deuterium ions of 3 keV were implanted into bulk tungsten with doses exceeding 1 × 1022 ions m−2. Depth profiling of both, protium and deuterium was performed by elastic recoil detection analysis, while simultaneously the outgassing rates of molecular deuterium by thermal desorption spectroscopy were monitored during temperature ramps from room temperature to ≈1400 K. The combination of the two techniques in situ is shown capable to identify the distinct retention behavior of deuterium at different temperatures and in different reservoirs, e.g. located close to the surface and diffused deep into the material. Ex-situ scanning electron microscopy confirmed blister formation, and recovery of the initial surface morphology after high temperature annealing, in analogy to comprehensive ex-situ studies.


the production of fruits and vegetables. In the post-production period, imported products dominate the market. Regulatory policy should focus on both reducing the seasonal losses of producers and reducing dependency on imports in post-production period.


Verifying data integrity in a ubiquitous environment is challenging due to its features such as self-organised, data-centric, and dynamic topology control. In this paper, a method for protecting data integrity is present by inserting and extracting digital watermarking information into and from most significant bits (MSBs) of original data. The method has been implemented in a real ubiquitous environment, where 50 wireless ZigBee nodes were deployed and communicated using the MSB embedding method. Compared to other data integrity verification approaches, this method generates less traffic and more embedding capacity.


In charting the history of disability rights movements (DRM) one needs to examine the rise of other similar movements in postcolonial India, especially the women's movements, environmental movements and more recently dalit movements. The social and political context which provided the background and the necessary impetus to these movements displays an interesting trajectory, points of conjunction and disjunction across the world. The political and ideological influences which grew and crystallised in the post-second world war western world resulted in the emergence of the civil rights movement, anti-racist protests and women's movements. These not only reshaped the public sphere but also propelled shifts in theory construction and reformulating methodologies for comprehending the changing dynamics of social reality. In the 1960s and 1970s, issues of power hierarchies cutting across race and gender acquired an extremely important position reframing the trajectories of social movements across the world. Along with the focus on activated political spheres through sweeping anti-establishment protests across countries, the role of the United Nations, nation states and international funding organisations becomes crucial in contextualising the burgeoning growth of networks of people raising issues of race, gender and disability in cross-cultural contexts. Disaffection with development agenda and lowered conviction in science, failed projects of modernity, and widespread and growing inequalities appeared central to the way people articulated their grievances and expressed connections between theory and practice. In this paper I propose to chart the chequered history of the disability rights movements in India by referring to the social and political contexts, within which they emerged, the ideological influences, structures, issues, possibilities and challenges. 1


Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the use of heart rate variability on a stroke patient with autonomic dysfunction and the effectiveness of Bunshimgi-eum.Case report: The patient showed autonomic dysfunction, including chest discomfort, 煩燥 (sweating, anxiety, insomnia, nausea, lightheadedness), and abdomen discomfort (dyspepsia, heartburn) after ischemic stroke. She was treated with a herbal medicine (Bunshimgi-eum) through complex Korean medicine treatment. The effect was evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV), Mini-Mental State Examination-DS (MMSE-DS), mean pulse rate, and subjective percentage of symptoms. After treatment, the HRV score, MMSE-DS score, and subjective percentage of symptoms improved, and the pulse rate decreased from the upper boundary value.Discussion: The results suggest that HRV may be useful in evaluating stroke patients with autonomic dysfunction and that Bunshimgi-eum is suitable for treatment.


currently practiced has the positive aspect of clearly pointing the way to a wide broadening of its base of operations and future acceptance in the business community. The requirements for such an operation must include valid demonstration of what marketing research can do outside of the area of its present chief preoccupation; a soundly conceived and executed campaign to educate the business audience on the merits and problems of marketing research; an effort to bring the cost of marketing research within the reach of the average company by putting the same basic facts and findings to multiple uses; and finally, an integration of marketing research with the whole structure of management problems and decisions. None of these objectives can, of course, be accomplished overnight; none of them will be easy to achieve even over 205


We demonstrate the enhancement of emission of InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well nanorods by nearly a factor of 2 by coupling them to localized surface plasmons of Au nano-particles (NPs). The Au NPs are fabricated in situ on the nanorods using a Ni/SiO2/Au/SiNx compound functional layer. This layer serves as a combination dry-etch mask for fabricating the nanorods and the Au NPs, as well as providing isolation necessary to prevent fluorescence quenching. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements confirm that emission enhancement originates from the coupling.We demonstrate the enhancement of emission of InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well nanorods by nearly a factor of 2 by coupling them to localized surface plasmons of Au nano-particles (NPs). The Au NPs are fabricated in situ on the nanorods using a Ni/SiO2/Au/SiNx compound functional layer. This layer serves as a combination dry-etch mask for fabricating the nanorods and the Au NPs, as well as providing isolation necessary to prevent fluorescence quenching. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements confirm that emission enhancement originates from the coupling.


In recent years, semiconducting organic materials have attracted a considerable amount of interest to develop all-organic or hybrid organic-inorganic electronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), or photovoltaic cells. Rubrene (5,6,11,12-tetraphenyltetracene, RUB) is one of the most explored compound in this area as it has nearly 100% fluorescence quantum efficiency in solution. Additionally, the OFET fabricated by vacuum-deposited using orthorhombic rubrene single crystals show p-type characteristics with high mobility up to 20cm2/Vs (Podzorov et al., 2004). The large charge-carrier mobilities measured have been attributed to the packing motif (Fig a) which provides enough spatial overlap of the π-conjugated tetracene backbone. In the same time, RUB undergoes an oxidation in the presence of light to form rubrene endoperoxide (RUB-OX) (Fumagalli et al., 2011). RUB-OX molecules show electronic and structural properties strikingly different from those of RUB, mainly due to the disruption in the conjugate stacking of tetracene moieties. The significant semiconducting property of RUB is not clear yet. In this context, high resolution single crystal X-ray data of RUB (Fig b) and RUB-OX have been collected at 100K. Owing to the presence of weak aromatic stacking and quadrupolar interactions, the neutron single crystal data is also collected at 100K. The C-H bond distances and scaled anisotropic displacement parameters (ADP) of hydrogens from the neutron experiment are used in the multipolar refinements of electron density. The chemical bonding features (Fig c), the topology of electron density and strength of weak interaction are calculated by the Atoms in Molecules (AIM) theory (Bader, 1990). It is further supported by the source function description and mapping of non-covalent interactions based on the electron density. The detailed comparison of two organic semiconductors, RUB and RUB-OX will be discussed.


In this paper, we proposed an adaptive fuzzy rule-based color image segmentation algorithm. By using look-up table for designing a FIS (Fuzzy Inference System) to compute similarity percentage of the neighboring pixels and region feature histogram information, then we can use fast-merge for achieving a new color image segmentation algorithm. The experimental results show that our algorithm can produce good results compared to some existing algorithm.


Copyright © 2015 by ASME. In multiphase modeling of fluidized beds, pulverized coal combustors, spray combustors, etc., where different temperatures for gas and solid phases are considered, the governing equations result in separate energy equations for each phase. For high-temperature applications, where radiation is a significant mode of heat transfer, accurately predicting the radiative source terms across each individual phase is an essential task. A spectral photon Monte Carlo (PMC) method is presented here with detailed description of the implementation features, including the spectral treatment of solid particles, random number correlations, and a scheme to split emission and absorption across phases. Numerical results from the PMC method are verified against direct numerical integration of the radiative transfer equation (RTE), for example, problems including a cylindrically enclosed homogeneous gas-particulate medium and a simple fluidized bed example. The PMC method is then demonstrated on a snapshot of a pulverized-coal combustion simulation.


ABSTRACT To improve the photocatalytic activity and endow graphene oxide/TiO2 (GO/TiO2) hybrid with the optical storage ability, WO3 quantum dots (WO3 QDs) were used to modify GO/TiO2 hybrids by sol-gel method, and then the resultant WO3 QDs-GO/TiO2 hybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Experimental results show that WO3 QDs can significantly ameliorate the photocatalytic performance of GO/TiO2 hybrids under visible light, which the reaction rate of WO3 QDs-GO/TiO2 hybrids is about 17 times as much as that of GO/TiO2 hybrids. What's more, WO3 QDs-GO/TiO2 hybrids possess optical memory performance.


The main objective of this dissertation is to identify and control linear plants by employing a new non-conventional algorithm that constructs models topology, and adapts the constructed models parameters. A hybrid system (HS) was employed to construct either a plant model and/or a controller model. The new non-conventional learning algorithm is called an adaptive hybrid algorithm (AHA). This algorithm employs HS to construct the models, and then adapts the parameters of these models. Moreover, the inverse techniques of minimum or nonminimum phase single-input single-output (SISO) linear systems were employed also by AHA to construct the control of these systems.
Basically, this dissertation is concerned with the following tasks: (1) Identifying a given IIR plant with an IIR plant model. (2) Constructing the inverse controller of a given IIR plant with two different system models. (3) A ringing phenomenon that is inherent in inverse control schemes was lessened by combining a Pole Shifting Compensation Process (PSCP) with AHA. However, all of the preceding tasks were accomplished using adaptive hybrid algorithm AHA. (4) Infinite Impulse Response Least Mean Square (IIR-LMS) algorithm suffers from slow convergence rate and destabilization, but choosing the appropriate step size for each parameter of the IIR model in each iteration would improve the IIR-LMS algorithm. Therefore, IIR-LMS was modified with fuzzy learning rate where the modified IIR-LMS is called FIIR-LMS.
Furthermore, it would be shown that AHA is characterized with two stages. Stage one of AHA is a combination of Infinite Impulse Response and Genetic Algorithm (IIR-GA), and it is employed by AHA to predict the structure or topology of IIR plant model and/or IIR controller model of the given IIR plant. Stage two of AHA is a combination of Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Infinite Impulse Response Least Mean Square (GA-FIIRLMS) and it is utilized by AHA to adapt the constructed hybrid topology weights or parameters of the model.
In addition, simulation results for the aforementioned scheme are presented to confirm the efficacy of the proposed method.


Although there are all kinds of financial holding companies which survive and develop in the grayareas of the law in China, they break the law to some extent and will face many risks. This paper examines the status quo of financial holding companies and the structure of financial law system in China, and attempts to put forward countermeasures to perfect the basic legislative framework and looks forward to promoting the development of financial reforms and perfection of the financial law system.


Neiguan-Xiangquan Basin of Dingxi County in Gansu Province has a very good geological condition for the storage of ground water, that has been used as the water source for both the local industrial and agricultural developments and the municipal water supply for many years. However, more and more ground water is pumped from the basin in recent years along with the rapid increase of the various water demands therein, which has unbalanced the ground water recharge and utilization, and caused significant drawdown of the water level. For improving the serious water shortage situation in the area, the project of diverting water from Taohe River is to be started soon. Under the topographical, geographic and geological conditions therein,it is important to make a comprehensive research on the combined regulation and operation of both the local groundwater and the surface water diverted from the project. In accordance with the water diverting project plan, the preliminary results from the analysis on the combined water utilization are described herein.


Introduction: Our program became involved with bacterial diseases for two reasons. Prof. Jim Lorbeer requested our assistance early in 2007 in characterizing what seemed to be a new bacterial disease that was affecting New York onions following storage. The problem turned out to be center rot, caused by the bacterium Pantoea ananatis. Later, we found symptoms of center rot in fields of onions growing in several New York muck-land areas. Center rot had been described earlier in Colorado and Georgia. Secondly, onion growers and other industry officials in New York reported that bacterial problems had become more severe in recent years, and no effective means were available to consistently reduce losses. Thus, more definitive information was needed for development of effective control strategies. During 2011, we found several bacteria infecting onions that were not previously recognized in New York. Further, we found that mucksoil may be the key important source of overwintering inoculum for several of the bacterial diseases. Also, we made progress in developing techniques useful for evaluation of potential controls. In addition, the results of pilot studies indicated that further study and evaluation of some new control strategies might be justified. If further studies prove promising, these strategies may be worthy of adoption by New York onion growers.


Electrolysis of cyanoacetic ester in the presence of NaBr in acetone or acetonitrile in the undivided cell leads to trans-1,2,3-tricyanocyclopropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate.


Adjusted tidal barrier management (ATBM, setting tidal doors ajar during tidal rise) is currently applied in Belgium to improve glass eel passage through tidal gates. However, salt intrusion in the receiving waters due to upwelling and accumulation of saline groundwater as a result of intensive drought put severe pressure on the unrestrained use of this cost‐efficient mitigation measure. We evaluated the efficacy of a very restricted ATBM at a tidal barrier on a small canalized waterway, located 3.5 km from the sea: one out of seven gate doors was left 20 cm ajar for ca. 30 min when the water levels on both sides of the tidal barrier were approximately equal. During 20 inflow events differing in tidal flow (i.e., flood or ebb tide) and daytime (i.e., day or night) in March/April 2019, migrating glass eels were caught with a fyke net fixed on the temporally opened gate. In total, 12,853 glass eels were captured, almost all during flood tides at night (96%), with a maximum catch of 3,827 individuals per inflow event. These results show that even small windows of opportunity can help glass eels pass tidal barriers.


The fuzzy control of pressing and filtering time can gain better results than the conventional control method. Aim at the deficiency exit in the general two-dimension fuzzy controller and the problem of adjusting the parameters in the fuzzy controller design, the design and simulation of fuzzy controller of pressing and filtering time was introduced. The results of the design and simulation show that the design process of fuzzy controller can be easy and quick. And the variable universe fuzzy control of pressing and filtering time can be realized based on the compiled S-function, the result is better.


IN the treatment of a tubo-tympanic deafness which has continued, or relapsed after recovery, following removal of the tonsils and adenoid, nasopharyngeal irradiation, introduced by Crowe in 1928, has been widely used, but in spite of the long period in which it has been the subject of clinical trial, the consensus of opinion on its value has remained divided. Its originator (Crowe, 1938) has continued to give it his unswerving support, and is awaiting the results of a five years clinical trial (Crowe, personal communication) in which it was used in a large number of school children with auditory loss. On the other hand many otologists, after experience of its use, have abandoned it, as they felt it had little value and was possibly dangerous. These wide differences of opinion may have arisen in part from the frequency of spontaneous recovery in this condition, which has been said by some always to take place by the age of twelve years. The results published by Crowe also indicate that some 15 per cent, of the cases treated have failed to benefit, and those who advocate it have seldom stressed the possibility of an increase in the deafness occurring after treatment. While each of these may in some measure contribute to the adverse criticisms of the method, it is possible that the objections may have been over emphasized, for if the condition is one where there is a real danger of a continuing hearing loss, the use of irradiation would then become a fair clinical risk, if it gives a six to one chance of recovery in cases which otherwise would have a deafness persisting through life. In this country there was little experience in its use prior to 1948 when the M.S.D. Sub-Committee of the Medical Research Council decided that the method of treatment was one which was worthy of an extended investigation by a five years survey of its problems in several Otological Centres in Great Britain, in order to ascertain the frequency of the condition and the value of irradiation in treatment. The present report is a part of this enquiry, and based on experience in the Audiology Unit in the Children's Hospital, Birmingham. In order to avoid varying standards in assessment of cases as far as possible, each unit arranged for these to be made by a single observer, and in this centre all the clinical examinations have been made by me personally. It was


The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology is conferred each year on Indian scientists below the age of 45 years. It has become the most coveted national recognition for outstanding contribution to basic and applied research in Science and Technology. A recent volume' brought out by the Human Resources Development Group of the CSIR compiles the biographical details and professional profiles of the 259 so-called Bhatnagar Laureates who have received this recognition from 1958 to 1991. The volume13; contains a wealth of detail for the sociologist or historian of science - it is truly a record of the history of recent13; Indian science13;


Abstract In solid tumors and lymphomas, the neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio at diagnosis has been shown to be a prognostic factor. The aim of our study was to validate the originally reported N/L ratio cut-point of 3.5 in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) registered in an Italian real-life database. The prognostic role of the N/L ratio at diagnosis on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed in 505 patients with DLBCL. Patients with an N/L ratio <3.5 (n = 249) had a 4-year EFS probability of 76% and OS probability of 86%, significantly higher than the 4 year EFS rate of 48% and OS rate of 64% in patients with N/L ratio ≥3.5 (n = 256, both p<.0001). The N/L ratio was an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis including the IPI score, and could separate patients with a low/intermediate risk IPI (IPI <3).


Modern Content Delivery Network(CDN)[1,2] by caching and scheduling strategy to reduce user-perceived latency, because CDN can schedule user to the CDN cache node which closest to. At the same time, this strategy can reduce the data flow which has to be sent back to the source station, and decrease the calculation pressure of source station. For some content which is dynamic and cannot be cached, the current acceleration approach is to create a GRE tunnel between the CDN nodes, using the static route scheduling dynamic data flow, improve the speed of data flow which back to the source station. It has been a recent trend of CDN to separate the control flow and data flow through technical, in order to change traditional dynamic/static content acceleration model, to optimize the CDN traffic. The core idea of Software Defined Network(SDN)[3,4]is through the network control plane and data plane separation equipment, so as to realize the flexible control of network traffic. SDN technology is used to transform the CDN, Make the CDN have an intelligent traffic scheduling environment which can focus on monitoring network and scheduling flow path real-time According to the different business. Ultimate aim is to avoid local congestion, optimize the CDN traffic, and improve the quality of the CDN service effect.


This paper presents an investigation on the processes, trends, and applications of the BiCMOS technology in the fields of microelectronics and communication electronics. The investigation will focus on the design perspectives and different modifications that were developed to provide a very-high performance BiCMOS integrated circuit for both digital and mixed-signal applications.


Using direct three-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations we study the acceleration of electrons and ions in laser–plasma. The PIC simulations allow us to understand the results of actual experiments better, and to look beyond the presently available technology and model for laser parameters that will be obtained in the nearest future. The code VLPL (Virtual Laser-Plasma Laboratory) has been further developed and now it can model the x-ray emission by relativistic electrons in the synchrotron regime. It appears that the strongly non-linear plasma wave excited by a short laser pulse works as a compact high-brightness source of x-ray radiation. We have also checked the possibility of proton trapping in the non-linear plasma wave and find that this is already possible at intensities around 1022 W cm−2.


ABSTRACT Corn oil-based poly(urethane-ester)amide was synthesized from corn oil-based fatty amide diol, camphoric acid, and tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate. The structure of corn polyesteramide and corn poly(urethane-ester)amide (CPEA) was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. CPUEA coatings were made on mild steel strips and their physicomechanical analysis (scratch hardness, impact test, conical mandrel test, and pencil hardness tests) was performed by standard methods. The surface morphology of coatings was observed by scanning electron microscopy and thermal stability was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry. Anticorrosion properties of CPUEA were observed in acidic, saline, and tap water medium at room temperature using potentiodynamic polarization technique. The results of CPUEA coatings exhibit good physicomechanical and anticorrosive properties and can find application up to 175°C.


The Large-Scale Aquifer Pumping and Infiltration Test (LPIT) conducted at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory was modeled using TOUGH2 to simulate the highly transient water infiltration and perched-water conditions in the fractured basalt and sedimentary interbeds existing at the site. The fracture and matrix continua of the basalt were represented using a dual-permeability approach. Six perched-water hydrographs, measured during the infiltration test, were used for calibration with iTOUGH2 to estimate six parameters that controlled unsaturated flow in the fractured basalt and the dense clay sedimentary interbed underlying the basalt flow. These parameters included the interfacial area between the basalt fracture and matrix continua, the basalt fracture continuum permeability, the basalt matrix continuum permeability, the interbed matrix continuum permeability, and the interbed van Genuchten capillary pressure parameters. The intent of the calibration was to obtain large-scale properties of the lithological units affecting the field-scale LPIT test. Finally, we tested the applicability of the dual-permeability conceptual model for representing transient variably saturated flow in fractured basalt. Parameters obtained from the calibration were within the range of hydrogeological parameters measured from cores obtained in the field, substantiating the physical relevance of the calibration effort.


In the case without injection where r+=f, eMjv can be immediately estimated from Eq. (1) by using Re, Cf and wmax.In the case with injection/suction, however, it is impossible to estimate eM/v unless the local shear stress is known in advance. In this paper, a simple correlation equation for eMjv is proposed by introducing an apparent wall shear stress which specifies the flow behavior in the core region. The experimental results compared with predictions in this paper are the same as those in the previous paper1}, which were taken under the condition of 7.38 x W<Re <3.79x104 and -5.4x10~3<mw<5.33x 10"3. When the similarity holds for the velocity distribution, u(x, r)/i/(x)=w(f), the friction factor and the local shear stress are given by


The Ise sankei mandara appears to have been used as a guide to the Ise shrines. While a superficial analysis of its main features shows that the mandala is a fairly accurate visual representation of the sacred precincts, its meaning is much more extensive. The natural features of the Ise sanctuaries emerge as the physical representation of a non-physical world, for at certain points the spiritual can be intensely experienced in the environment. The mandala guides the prospective pilgrims through the physical world while reminding them that the pilgrimage is actually an image of the pilgrims' own life, and also offers a glimpse at their life's goal: the Pure Land. Furthermore, the mandala picture when taken by itself can be used as a means by those who cannot actually visit Ise to still enjoy the benefits of the pilgrimage.


The research, "Seismic vulnerability of school buildings in Nepal" is carried out for the A vulnerability assessment study of the school buildings and development of risk mitigation plan for seismic hazard. Tanahun district is selected as research area for the study of the schools. A total of 15 samples school to from different part of the district for the study. All samples school which includes 57 blocks vulnerability , for seismic hazard. Hazard compliance index of school blocks are found in the range 0.35 0.85 and most of them are in the range 0.400.60, where the safety cutoff level is 0.75. Only 6 blocks out of 57 blocks have a compliance index above 0.75. It shows that the majority of the school buildings are vulnerable to seismic hazard. The structural and nonstructural components are more responsible for making the school blocks vulnerable in the district. Four schools, namely, Shree Jal Devi Higher Secondary School, Shree Virkuti Secondary School, Shree Siddha Beni Lower Secondary School, and Shree Jamma Devi Primary School are selected for the development of seismic risk mitigation plan. In general, the assessed schools are vulnerable to seismic hazard. The school blocks with hazard safety compliance index less than 0.75 are recommended for further detail assessment and development of detail disaster risk management plan. Keywords— Seismic Vulnerability, Disaster, School Building, Disaster Risk Management.


The study aims to determine and analyze the influence factors of leadership, responsibility, discipline and cooperation affect the performance of employees at Gorontalo University. And To know and analyze the dominant factor that affects the performance of employees at Gorontalo University in Gorontalo . This research was carried out research was conducted at the University of Gorontalo, with consideration of location is one of the central services in the field of education so that employees are required to provide excellent service in a professional manner. Purposive sampling was conducted as many as 105 employees. Data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results showed that Simultaneously shows that the leadership (X1), responsibility (X2), discipline (X3) and cooperation (X4) effect on employee performance (Y). The value R square = 0.827. While the correlation coefficient R = 0.909 Partially indicates that the variable has a positive leadership and dominant to employee performance, Partially indicates that the variable has a positive leadership and dominant to employee performance indicates that the variable Partially responsibility has a positive and significant impact on employee performance partially indicates that the variable has a positive discipline and significant impact on employee performance Partially indicates that the variable has a positive cooperation and significant impact on employee performance, Gorontalo University in Gorontalo.


In this paper, I deal with recent deviations from the shared values of rule of law and democracy – the 'basic structure' of Europe – in Hungary. The starting point of deviation is Article 2 of the Treaty of the European Union, which demands "respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, rule of law and [...] human rights including the rights of minorities". The principles of Article 2 TEU are elaborated for candidate countries of the EU in the Copenhagen criteria, laid down in the decision by the European Council of 21 and 22 June 1993, to provide the prospect of accession for transitioning countries that still had to overcome authoritarian traditions. The Treaty on the European Union sets out the conditions (Article 49) and principles (Article 6(1)) to which any country wishing to become an EU member must conform. Regarding constitutional democracy, the political criteria are decisive: stability of institutions guaranteeing democracy; the rule of law; human rights; and respect for, and protection of minorities. This was the main instrument, which governed the largest enlargement in the Union's history: starting in 2004 with ten new Member States, mostly from the former communist countries, followed by the accession of Romania and Bulgaria in 2007, and concluded by the admission of Croatia in 2013. As Dimitry Kochenov argues, the assessment of democracy and the rule of law criteria during this enlargement was not really full, consistent and impartial, and the threshold to meet the criteria was very low. As a result, the Commission failed to establish a link between the actual stage of reform in the candidate countries and the acknowledgement that the Copenhagen political criteria


The economic relationships demonstrated in the classical IS-LM model are based on consumption,investment and money demand behavior in perfect market economies. Through an econometric analysis of real economic data,this paper advances our understanding of consumption and investment behavior in China and then examines its IS-LM model,providing a foundation for measuring its fiscal policy multiplier.


This research was performed to investigate the physical properties and color appearance of Hanji manufactured using bast fibers dyed sepeately by two reactive dyes with different colors. The breaking length of color Hanji was above 7 km. The fastness was five grade: the use of reactive dyes made the color of the Hanji not to be faded away. The Hanji manufactured by mixing uniformly two types of bast fibers separately dyed showed the mixed color of two different colors. However, the shives showed their original colors, resulted in irregular color patterns all over the sheets. The color of color Hanji with different colors in the front and back side of sheets showed color difference between front and back side of the sheets. Accordingly, the color of the sheet has a reflection from the backside, resulted in pink. The colors of the Hanji appeared in this study could not be found from the Hanji maufactured by traditional methods.


These years confirmed the main peculiarity of all, and not only economic, transformations in Russian society, namely, that they can be realised not by the will or design of some organised group but only under constraints, under the pressure of circumstances and in a complicated game of contradictorily influencing internal and external forces. An inevitable peculiarity and condition of such a type of societal changes is the weakness of State power. A classical model of revolutionary transformation cannot be applied to events of the previous decade in our history. There was no new elite that could assume the role of transformations' vanguard. There was also no mass mobilisation in support of the transformation. Finally, there were neither an active organised vanguard (a party) nor a real leader acting as not just a symbol of the movement but its initiator as well. The appearance in the political foreground, by the end of 1998, of such figure as Yevgeny Primakov was quite a natural result of the evolution of symbolical leader functions in the contemporary Russian society. The current changes can be characterised as a forced transition. It was made by strange hands, i.e., obsolete institutions and people whose position and political training do not correspond the essence of changes. The enforced nature of changes testifies to their inevitability; and the forces and figures that are far from sympathy with the direction of the changes have to recognise them. Such a type of societal processes means that they are uncontrollable and little effective. Mass discontent and mass protest are an obvious achievement of the past decade. A high level of the population's distrust with the holders and institutions of power does not mean denial of their authority or unwillingness to support them. The levels of real participation of the public in mass manifestations are considerably below the level of demonstratively declared intentions concerning such a participation There are no grounds for apprehensions that a planned demonstrative protest action can turn into a similarity of Russian rebellion. The Russian society as a civilisation has overgrown such a tool of settling social discontent as rebellion and has not grown to modern forms of organised social movements. The weakness of social protest presses the majority of the population to adapt to the social situation. The conditions and levels of adaptation appear to be different. Passive and decreasing forms prevail. Constant presence of a pessimistic background in social feelings facilitates a decrease in people's requirements to the social system. On the other hand, this background creates a certain obstacle on the path to dissemination of catastrophic moods. During the decade, there was an essential change in public selfassessments, expectations, apprehensions, and hopes as they are expressed in mass surveys. Orientations to a shadowy future have been changed for orientations to survival under real, although as well shadowy, conditions. Confidence in the initiators of changes gave place to search for symbolical authorities of stability and order. From the very beginning, the changes were compelled it is only the measure of this fundamental quality that has changed.


In this study,based on the'Ziyingui'DNA and 2 × EsTaq Master Mix,the SCoT-PCR amplification system of Osmanthus fragrans was established by optimizing reaction annealing temperature,the amount of template DNA,primer concentration and other factors. This system contained 30 ng template DNA,0.4 μmol · L~(-1) primers in 12μL mixture,and the most suitable annealing temperature of different primers was 48,49.9,54.3 and 56 respectively. Twelve ℃ Osmanthus fragrans cultivars were analyzed using this system,and the amplified bands were very clear. The 12 primers generated a total of 244 fragments from 12 Osmanthus fragrans cultivars,and 97.47% of fragments showed polymorphic. At the level of similarity coefficient 0.57,'Jiulonggui'was to one group and other cultivars were to another group. In the second group,'Jingui','Zaoyingui'and'Ziyingui'were in one subgroup,and the other eight cultivars were in another subgroup. Our results indicated that genetic relationship between color and variety was not perfectly correlated,which is consistent with the results of other molecular markers.


This note examines the relatively new crime of cyberlaundering, and explains how terrorist organizations are using the Internet and cyberlaundering to fund their activities. In addition, this paper...


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises, at least, two subnets 2a, 2b of conducting elements. Every said subnet comprises, at least, one line of elements 3. Subnets are arranged so that finger joint between first subnet conducting element 3 and second subnet conducting elements 3 make network of capacitance pickups. Said conducting elements double as heating elements designed to eliminate icing. Conducting elements are buried in insulation material 4. Every subnet of conducting elements is integrated in flexible backing 5, 5a, 5b. The complex proper makes flexible coating. Aircraft comprises above described device connected to crew cab instrumentation panel via switch to display operating parameters and to control said device. EFFECT: simplified design, optimised electric power consumption. 12 cl, 3 dwg


The experience of light source users has been transformed in recent years by large increases in flux and brightness, revolutionary new optics and detectors, and automation and advanced sample environments. Beamlines are producing data at rates and volumes that challenge the capabilities of even the most experienced user groups. Meanwhile, the community of synchrotron users continues to grow in size and diversity: researchers come from physics, material science, energy and battery research, geology, biology, chemistry, art history, and more. Almost every natural science domain is being advanced through the techniques employed at these facilities, but a significant fraction of these researchers are first-time or infrequent users of a particular beamline. The combination of an expanding base of new users and increased beamline capabilities is leading to an increase in the amount of "dark data" that is not analyzed fully (or, in some cases, at all).


The contribution of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) to penal reform is probably best known through the person of Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845), whose pioneering work was recently commemorated on new £5 notes. The origins of Quakers in a resurgence of the non-conformist spirit in late seventeenth century England is less well known, as is the fact that in their early years they themselves were persecuted and imprisoned, and that this was the bedrock upon which their subsequent concern with prisons was founded. George Fox, the 'founder' of Quakers used his own prison experiences to appeal to magistrates for reductions in the severity of the punishments they routinely meted out to the mostly poor people he encountered there. Quakers established themselves in the New World, and William Penn's 'holy experiment' in the 1670s was remarkable in its day for the greatly reduced use of capital punishment, included a suggestion that the Roman Catholic church, the Salvation Army and the Quakers be allowed to run prisons on behalf of the Home Office, on the grounds that they would show more perseverance with offenders than secular minded people. Quakers never did run prisons, although they did manage a number of approved schools for juveniles, the last one, New Barns, closing in the 1980s. By then all approved schools had been renamed community homes with education, the change being intended to signify a shift of emphasis from training to therapy. W. David Wills (1903-1980) was an important influence on this development. A trained social worker, influenced by both psychoanalysis and Quakerism, he grew disillusioned with the authoritarian regimes he first encountered in approved school and borstals. From the 1930s to the 1970s Wills pioneered a range of more progressive approaches to delinquent and (as they were once


Objective To describe preliminary voice, speech, and swallowing outcomes in patients treated by endoscopic laser excision of laryngeal cancer with or without adjuvant radiation therapy.


CHAPTER 1 Introduction. CHAPTER 2 Skimming. CHAPTER 3 Cash Larceny. CHAPTER 4 Billing Schemes. CHAPTER 5 Check Tampering. CHAPTER 6 Payroll Schemes. CHAPTER 7 Expense Reimbursement Schemes. CHAPTER 8 Register Disbursement Schemes. CHAPTER 9 Noncash Assets. CHAPTER 10 Corruption. CHAPTER 11 Accounting Principles and Fraud. CHAPTER 12 Fraudulent Financial Statement Schemes. CHAPTER 13 Fraud Risk Assessment. CHAPTER 14 Conducting Investigations and Writing Reports. CHAPTER 15 Interviewing Witnesses. CHAPTER 16 Occupational Fraud and Abuse: The Big Picture. APPENDIX A Online Sources of Information. APPENDIX B Sample Code of Business Ethics and Conduct. APPENDIX C Fraud Risk Assessment Tool. BIBLIOGRAPHY. INDEX.


Obviously, the following observations on Afro-West Indian language and wider culture-and society-make no claim to being a comprehensive analysis of the relationships between them. No attention is paid in this piece to written or musical expression. And the discussion is largely restricted to the development of language use in its political or public-performance context. It will be evident that I confine my attention to the English-speakers of the Commonwealth Caribbean. There are


Purpose – To compare marketing education methods in Europe and North America, and analyse the opinions about effectiveness underpinning educators' choices among available options.Design/methodology/approach – E‐mail questionnaires distributed to a sampling frame extracted from the worldwide directory of the Academy of Marketing Science were completed by 93 marketing academics in North America and 42 in Europe: a 26 per cent overall return rate. Data were analysed by χ2, ANOVA and correspondence analysis.Findings – Three teaching‐and‐learning methods are most common in both environments: practical exercises, case studies and lectures. Europeans tend to rely on lectures and other traditional methods, while Americans make more use of technology‐based alternatives. The approach to the subject in Europe favours practical exercises, for their connection to the real world. Practice in North America reflects a cultural predisposition to personalised teaching, by emphasising face‐to‐face small‐group tutorials and ...


In the field of electric vehicles, extensive research is being done. The research being done is examined from several angles. The investigations on various electric car components are addressed in this essay. Environmental factors, motor and converter design and control, and energy storage system technologies and strategies have all been looked into. The literature is utilized to present the switching topologies of the converters employed in the EVS.


How timing information is transferred from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to other regions of the brain to mediate activity, either physiological or pathological, is largely unclear. A patient with medically refractory epilepsy and a well‐documented, long‐term seizure diary provided a unique means to demonstrate how susceptibility to chronobiological modulation varies with brain region. Evaluation for epilepsy surgery disclosed two independent epileptic foci, one limbic and the other nonlimbic. Seizures from both foci occurred periodically with a dominant period of 24 hours but were out of phase with each other. Temporal lobe seizures occurred maximally in the light portion of the daily light‐dark cycle, and parietal lobe seizures occurred nocturnally and out of phase with limbic seizures. These data suggest that neuronal excitation and inhibition, depending on the anatomical system involved in epilepsy, may be differently affected by circadian modulation. Ann Neurol 2000;48:117–120


Rindfleisch, Bristowe, Duhring, and others. Again, in the St. Bazr/holomgew's Hospital Reports for 1872 (vol. 8), Dr. Dyce Duckworth contributed one of the most able papers that have been written within the last few years. upon the nature and treatment of alopecia areata. MIuch evidence has been adduced on both sides as to its parasitic or nonparasitic origin; but, notwithstanding, the majority of those who have studied the microscopical characters of the altered hairs obtainable in this affection do certainly speak most emphatically, and I believe with truth, in favour of its being independent of any fungus-element. That this disease may occur associated with other parasitic affections-tinea tonsurans, for example-there can be no possible doubt; but the fact of a fungus being but seldom found with true alopecia proves that that alone cannot be the real cause. The bulk of evidence tends to show that it is an abnormal condition dependent upon nutritional changes in the scalp, producing a disturbing influence upon the hair's growth, loosening it in its follicle, allowing its closely arranged fibrille to become separated (thus accounting for the swelling in the shaft in the early stage), and rendering the hair so brittle that it either fractures with the slightest touch, or falls away with many others, leavingthe characteristic patch. For my own part, I have examined microscopically many -specimens of hairs, and have totally failed to find anything suggestive ,of a parasite. Mly attention has lately been drawn to two cases of alopecia successfully treated with local stimulants, and published in the JOURNAL of 'November I4th, I874, by Mr. C. R. Roose. I wish, therefore, more particularly to speak concerning that form of treatment, and to give my experience in its use. During the period when I was clinical assistant in the dermatological department of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, I had an opportunity of seeing very many instances of alopecia, and in my note-book I have notes of several cases preciselv similar to those referred to by Mr. Roose. Without local stimulants, I believe it ilmpossible to produce a cure. Good nourishing diet, and tonic medicines to improve the general health, as cod-liver oil, steel, mineral acids, and nux vomica, are indispensable; but even these, without a stimulating topical application, are insufficient. At one time, it was my practice to compare the results of certain local remedies, and note the efficacy of each. Among those used were the blistering fluid of the P/zar-acopoia, tincture of capsicum, spirit of turpentine, and the strong solution of ammonia, alone and combined. It is interesting to note how the scalp, when its nutrition is impaired, the vitality being lowered, will tolerate the use of such powerful applications for a long period, with less irritating effect than in health. The first remedy-the blistering fluidwas used in several cases with a fair result. However, -when the disease is extensive, much inconvenience is experienced by the patient from a large vesicated surface; and, moreover, it was found that the result was not better than that of other applications. Tincture of capsicum in the form of a lotion, with glycerine and rose-water, proved useful, but yet inferior to either spirit of turpentine or solution of ammonia. The relative merits of the two remaining fluids were then noticed. Cases were chosen in which several patches of the disease existed simultaneously upon the scalp of the same patient, that the influence of each remedy could be the more easily compared. A large number of cases were thus treated. The strong solution of ammonia was applied with a small piece of flannel, and carefully rubbed in night and morning until the surface became reddened. At first, the scalp appeared insensible to it, very little smarting occurring. This was repeated daily until the surface became sensitive, and the strength was reduced, or the application used less often. When the scalp became irritable, it was discontinued for a few days. In a fewv weeks, fine white downy hairs appeared, and gradually the hair normal in character returned. The scalp was ordered to be shaved periodically, to stimulate the hair's growth, and allowv the more thorough application of the fluid. The spirit of turpentine was used in the same way. A careful prognosis as regards time must always be given; for improvement is but slow in many instances, requiring even months before the patient can be convinced that good is being done. If patience and perseverance, however, be exercised, benefit is sure to follow, although it may seldom happen that some of the hair-follicles are so changed and atrophied that their function cannot be restored to normal.


The Middle Permian black shales from the eastern Junggar Basin of northern Xinjiang, north‐west China are one of the richest and thickest lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in China. The palaeoenvironmental settings and controlling factors of organic matter accumulation along the margins of the Middle Permian lacustrine basin remain unclear, although the same works have been undertaken in the centre of the Middle Permian lacustrine basins. Here, we performed a combination of mineralogical and geochemical analyses on the black shales of the Middle Permian Pingdiquan Formation from the eastern margin areas of the Junggar Basin. The results show that the Pingdiquan Formation black shales in the study areas are organic‐rich, with total organic carbon (TOC) contents of 0.74–17.61 wt% (avg. 5.81 wt%). Salinity proxies including Sr/Ba and Rb/K ratios, combined with traces of gypsum and halite in a few samples, suggest brackish to saline water conditions. Palaeoclimate proxies indicate a warm‐humid environment during the deposition of the Pingdiquan Formation black shales. The redox proxies V/(V + Ni), V/Cr and U/Th ratios, and Eu and Ce anomalies together indicate dysoxic‐anoxic conditions of lake water. Strong positive correlations between palaeoproductivity proxies (P/Al, Ni/Al, Cu/Al, and Zn/Al) and TOC contents imply that palaeoproductivity may have played an essential role in organic matter accumulation during the deposition of the black shales. In contrast, negative correlations between terrestrial detrital input proxies (Al and Ti) and TOC contents indicate that terrestrial detrital input may have acted as a diluent to organic matter accumulation. Additionally, although the correlation between redox proxies [V/(V + Ni) and U/Th] and TOC contents is not straightforward, dysoxic‐anoxic conditions of lake water are an essential prerequisite for organic matter accumulation in the Pingdiquan Formation black shales.


The paper deals with a reflection seismic acquisition survey carried out on the Great Ancona Landslide, a huge landslide body on the Italian Adriatic coast involving part of the city of Ancona. To investigatethe area we carried out a joint land-marine seismic acquisition that gave us a continuous image of the subsurface in the land-sea transition zone where the landslide foot is supposed to be located. A specifically designed interface unit connected the analog ocean-bottom cable (OBC) lying along the sea-floor to the telemetry system used on land. The effectiveness of different source types for both marine and land shooting was tested in the field, by computing and analysing the frequency-time (FT) response ofthe recorded seismograms. The various sub-datasets obtained (land-land, land-marine, marine-land and marine-marine) were kept separate because of the different signal properties and the kinds of noise present; a short description of such noise is given. Finally, the acquisition statistics are discussed, and a preliminary image of the subsurface in time has been achieved from the marine-marine data.


This paper was presented at the Joint Meeting of the International & National Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME27/PMENA25) 27th Annual Conference in Oahu, Hawaii.


Some works in ancient times described about the people in that ages holding memorial ceremony to pray for good harvesting at the temple of She. And meanwhile they prayed for having more decendants , which put into effect by the means of the youngsters got acquainted and fell in love with each other. So gradually the memorial ceremony of She became a feast day for people's gathering and the temple of She evolved from a holy religion place to a paradise for young persons to make love.


In her 1983 preface to Citizen 13660, Mine Okubo writes that she presented a copy of her book to the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment during one of the hearings that would later lead to the decision to grant reparations: "I stressed the need for young people from grade school through college to be educated about the evacuation." Since her own time in the camps, as Yamauchi's statement makes clear, Okubo has taken on the role of educating Americans about the internment experience. This essay explores ways of using Okubo's multimedia Citizen 13660 in a variety of classrooms with a focus on the freshman composition and upper division Ethnic Studies or literature course classrooms.


It discloses a possible uniform and control method for roughening the surface of aluminum-containing semiconductor used in the process equipment electrochemically. Typically, the aluminum-containing surface is aluminum or an aluminum alloy. This is the aluminum-containing surface, at a temperature of from about 45 ℃ to about 80 ℃ range from about 1 volume% to the immersion in an HCl solution having a concentration of about 5% by volume in the range, and then, about 80 amps / ft By the addition of a chelating agent, it is also possible to enhance the roughening process. Generally, the electrochemical roughening method can be used for aluminum alloys, including 6061 and LP, not limited to this. The electrochemical roughening provides a smooth surface that does not they taking the particles and gently rolling, provides increased surface area for the semiconductor process by-product is attached. Roughened surface provides an excellent surface for the subsequent anodization.


With Mike Rose's death, British economic sociology has lost one of its most knowledgeable and loveable characters. Mike had a mastery of the history and literature of the discipline that few could rival not only of Anglo-Saxon research but also of the French tradition of 'sociologie du travail'. He made an important personal contribution to the research literature through his writings over the decades on work values and attitudes. He had a wonderful sense of fun, a mordant wit and an amused and benevolent perspective on the rival intel lectual currents of the day. Trained in Cambridge as an economist and social anthropologist, his engagement with sociology started when he was recruited in 1962 by John Goldthorpe and David Lockwood as one of the main interviewers on the Affluent Worker project in the early 1960s the leading project in British indus trial sociology and social stratification of its day. Mike's skill at getting people to speak about their lives frequently led to the interviews stretching out for three hours or more, causing him to miss the last train back. (The project bud get had not anticipated the resulting toll in taxi fares!) He moved on to become the research officer of the project taking an active part in the discussions about the analysis and interpretation of the data. The experience of this research programme, with its advocacy of an 'action approach' in sociology and its emphasis upon the central importance of work orientations in understanding employees' reactions to their work experiences, forged a research agenda that was to lie at the heart of his work for the rest of his academic life. After leav ing Cambridge, he taught at the University of Salford (1965-8), before moving to his long-term home at the University of Bath, where he was to climb steadily up the ranks and continue as a very active researcher for years after his official retirement.


We analyzed the travel patterns of senior citizens in Seoul using Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) data. We focused specifically on mode choices and transfer patterns. Results showed that 99% of trips made by senior citizens (individuals over 65 years old), who were given free subway transit passes, consisted of single-mode trips. Average travel time was 31 minutes, and subway travel times were longer than bus travel times. Individuals made fewer transfers, took longer metro trips, and paid smaller fares when using their free subway transit cards. They were more negatively sensitive to bus travel time than metro travel time. Encouraging older adult travelers to use transfers that increase costs to a modest extent might help improve travel quality among a group of individuals who find it difficult to enter the metro system or who are uncomfortable making inter-metro transfers. Additionally, as older adults have more time, yet are economically disadvantaged and take more leisure trips, travel improvements could include adopting a time-flexible fare discount. We discuss these improvements in terms of the individual and social benefits afforded to transit passengers in South Korea.


Colour mutations are a common in vertebrates, especially in fish. Additionally, albino, blue, brown, red and skin transparency mutations are reported in many fish species. In rainbow trout the following colour variants are known: albino, golden, yellow, palomino, blue and green, with golden and yellow probably representing the some colour phenotype. Kohlmann and Fredrich [1] reported highly significant lower survival in albino fry. Also the growth of albino fish was lower than in wild coloured fish from fry till sexual maturity. Clark [2] found yellow coloration to be controlled by a recessive allele and observed that the yellow fish were less active, slower growing and more sensitive to the light than the wild coloured ones. Yellow and wildcoloured rainbow trout were used in crossbreeding experiments to determine the pattern of yellow colour inheritance. The observed colour phenotypes and their relative frequency in different progeny groups can be explained by a system of two gene loci with two alleles each. Yellow colour (allele a) is caused by absence of the dominant allele A controlling colour. Among the yellow fish (aa) the second gene locus allele B controls palomino and black eye colour. Albino and red eye colour (allele b) is caused by the absence of the dominant allele B controlling colour development. Many authors have shown that albinism in rainbow trout is due to an autosomal recessive allele [3]. The inheritance of golden and normally pigmented phenotypes is a single-locus trait with two alleles that act with additive effects – the homozygous genotypes GG and G'G' being normally pigmented and golden, respectively, while GG' shows the intermediate palomino phenotype. The innate immune defence in fish consists of a large number of humoral and cellular factors, which play an important role as the first line of defence against a wide range of infective agents such as bacteria, viruses and parasites [4-7]. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible pleiotropic effects of the genotypes controlling the palomino and albino coloration on the innate immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate possible pleiotropic effects of the genotypes controlling the albino and palomino coloration on innate immunity in rainbow trout. The innate immune defence in fish consists of a large number of humoral and cellular factors. In our study we examined the metabolic activity of blood phagocytes by their respiratory burst activity (RBA), lysozyme and ceruloplasmine activity in serum and total Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in serum. The results showed that the wild coloured rainbow trout has a higher metabolic activity of blood phagocytes, compared to the albino and palomino coloured trout. The lysozyme and ceruloplasmine activity in serum and total Ig levels in serum indicated a similar pattern. The results showed that lysozyme and ceruloplasmine activity and total Ig levels in serum were statistically significantly higher in wild coloured trout, compared to albino and palomino trout. The current study strongly demonstrated that genotypes controlling coloration determined the innate immunity in fish


MATTA, PHILIP A. Is Youth Baseball Safe? A Computational and Experimental Examination into Reducing Youth Baseball Injury Potential. (Under the direction of Gregory S. Sawicki, Joseph B. Myers, and Richard Goldberg). While there is concern that the number of overuse arm injuries in youth baseball is rising, the number of impact injuries remains higher for youth baseball than in high school or college. Reducing the weight or hardness of a standard baseball has been espoused by some as a method to reduce these injuries and was investigated. Reducing the weight of the standard ball to four ounces increase the batted ball exit velocity (BBEV) by approximately 10% and subsequently increases batted ball range. Despite the increase in BBEV, there is an overall decrease in impact momentum at a ball-player collision due to the decreased ball mass. Unfortunately, the increase in BBEV leaves position players and pitchers with less time to defend themselves. Reducing the weight of a standard baseball from five-ounces to four, leads to less than a 5% increase in impact probability for position players (typically first and third baseman). However, the impact probability for pitchers can increase by up to 36%. Pitchers may require almost two times the amount of time a position player requires to avoid a struck baseball. A four-ounce ball with reduced coefficient of restitution may be the optimal adjustment, as this ball can exhibit the same BBEV as a standard ball while further reducing the impact momentum and only the reducing the batted ball range, in standard impact conditions, by 5% or less. © Copyright 2012 by Philip A. Matta All Rights Reserved Is Youth Baseball Safe? A Computational and Experimental Examination into Reducing Youth Baseball Injury Potential


The activity coefficient of the sodium ion in sea water has been measured by means of a sodium ion glass electrode. The activity coefficient was 0.68 at 25 C and 35‰ salinity and increased with decreasing concentration and decreasing temperature.


PURPOSE: A waste heat recovery unit and a washing apparatus are provided to facilitate maintenance by easily cleaning a heat exchange pipe and to secure effective heat recovery efficiency of waste heat. CONSTITUTION: A waste heat recovery unit and a washing apparatus have a tank(100) of the waste heat recovery unit and S-shaped heat exchange pipes(500) interconnected and formed in multi-stages in the tank. The S-shaped heat exchange pipes are formed by binding plural water passage pipe in one. Circulation induction plates(200) are installed between the heat exchange pipes to form waste water passages. A moving nozzle part connected to a high-pressure water inlet pipe(300) is installed to the outside of the circulation induction plate. A nozzle drive part for driving the moving nozzle part along a guide rail formed to the circulation induction pipe is installed to the inside of the circulation induction pipe. The nozzle drive part is driven by a drive part installed to the outside of an assembling plate(180) of the tank. A position-sensing part sensing the position of the moving nozzle part is connected to the drive part. Inlets(110,140) and outlets(120,160) of water and waste water are formed to the upper and lower parts of the tank.


We present an improved upper bound on the harmonious chromatic number of an arbitrary graph. We also consider "fragmentable" classes of graphs (an example is the class of planar graphs) that are, roughly speaking, graphs that can be decomposed into bounded-sized components by removing a small proportion of the vertices. We show that for such graphs of bounded degree the harmonious chromatic number is close to the lower bound (2m)1/2, where m is the number of edges.


Library is a place where knowledge is not only stored in various manners but also disseminated to the users. Now-a-days digital / electronic libraries words are becoming very normal and in generic manner most of the libraries are now subscribing e-resources i.e. e-journals, databases, e-books, website etc. Managing these electronic resources is becoming normal practice in libraries but how to properly manage them is a big question. So, here researcher has explained the web based content management system to manage the e-resources in library.


The present study seeks to investigate the futures contracts expiration day effects on price reversal and volatility in Nifty as well as individual stocks by employing GARCH framework. The results confirm presence of upward pressure in volatility of Nifty at both mean and variance level, at time of futures contracts expiration day. However there is neither a positive nor negative price (and volatility) reversal following the expiration of derivative contracts. In case of individual stocks, volatility has been increased at time of expiration day of futures contracts in most of the cases. The results however could not find price reversal for most of the individual stocks.


First, non-steroidal oestrogens, and now non-steroidal androgens. Last year Dalton and colleagues from the University of Tennessee reported that they had identified a compound which, for the moment, we may call an ARM (androgen receptor modulator) which binds to the androgen receptor (AR) which, like the oestrogen receptor, resides in the nucleus of cells and is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. 1The ARM not only locked on to the AR with the same affinity as its natural ligand, dihydrotestosterone, but also proceeded to activate the transcription of androgen sensitive genes. This is a major advance and immediately recalls recent events which led to the identification, testing and now prescribing of the selective oestrogen receptor modulator raloxifene as an inhibitor of bone loss and, potentially, breast cancer. The future use of ARM therapy is likely to fall into two therapeutic areas: male infertility, and male and female hormone replacement. With reference to the latter, it has long been known that many women complain of tiredness and loss of libido after natural or surgical menopause. Androgen is also known to stimulate bone formation. At present androgen replacement, where available, is given six-monthly as a testosterone implant. This can cause androgenic side effects and the potential of a non-steroidal ARM delivered orally or transdermally by patch offers the possibility of a treatment which can be given for a short therapeutic trial or as a treatment regimen with day-to-day control and flexibility of dose.


Assessment of erythrocyte linoleic: dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (LA: DGLA) ratio as a biomarker of Zn status, and structure and function of cecal microbiota following the consumption of a Zn-biofortified wheat diet.

 The efficacy of the LA: DGLA ratio to predict the Zn status of subjects consuming a wheat-based diet, a representative diet of the target Zn-deficient populations, was evaluated in-vivo (Gallus gallus). Two groups (n = 15) were fed two different diets, a "high-Zn" diet (46.5 ppm Zn) and a "low-Zn" diet (32.8 ppm Zn), for 6 weeks. Dietary Zn-intake, body-weight, serum zinc, intestinal microbiome, expression of zinc related proteins, and the erythrocyte fatty acid profile were assessed (LA: DGLA ratio).

 Serum and tissues Zn concentrations were greater in the high-Zn group (P < 0.05). Duodenal expression of Zn transporters demonstrated a higher mean value in the tissues collected from the birds fed a low-Zn diet (n = 15, P < 0.05). Hepatic ∆6-desaturase expression showed a higher mean value in birds fed high-Zn diets (P < 0.05). LA: DGLA ratio was higher (P < 0.05) in the low-Zn group of birds at all-time points. Even though both groups of birds were fed Zn-deficient diets, with only 14 ppm differential in dietary Zn content, still the LA: DGLA ratio differentiated clearly between the groups, which demonstrates the sensitivity of the biomarker to change in accordance with dietary Zn intake.

 Recent evidence demonstrate the potential of the LA: DGLA ratio to be used as an additional biomarker of Zn status in humans. To date, research shows that the LA: DGLA ratio corresponds to dietary Zn manipulations, both in animal model and humans.

 N/A.


AbstractNSAIDs are estimated to be responsible for up to 25% of all reported adverse drug reactions, ranging from urticaria and angioedema to asthmatic attacks and anaphylactic shock. This condition is problematic for both the patient who is frightened to use NSAIDs and the physician prescribing these drugs. Five hundred and ninty-six patients admitted to our clinic between January 1991 and January 2002 and diagnosed with analgesic intolerance were prospectively enrolled in the survey. A standard questionnaire was filled-in for all the patients. The mean age was 40.3 ± 12.8 years and 71.8% of the group were females. The most commonly reported intolerance was to aspirin (57.7%), followed by metamizole (47.3%). The most common reason for ingesting an analgesic was headache (63.8%). The three most common accompanying conditions were bronchial asthma (46.1%), perennial rhinosinusitis (45.8%) and antibiotic allergy/intolerance (19%). Eight hundred and seventy-seven oral provocation tests were performed to 380 ...


This paper presents a study of electronic interactions in several newsgroups on the internet and on a corporate intranet, as well as by e-mail. We describe our methodological approach and the first results obtained from the analysis of our corpora with text-mining tools. These elements were completed by interviews, electronic questionnaires and conversation analysis of the discussion threads in the newsgroups. Finally, we state that in order to understand the electronic interactions, we have to study the global communication space, constructed by interconnected communication tools (homepages, newsgroups, e-mail) and we discuss somme specific issues related to the analysis of homepages. Resume Ce travail propose une etude des echanges electroniques sur le reseau. Nous presentons ici la demarche suivie pour l'etude conjointe d'un corpus d'echanges sur des forums publics et sur des forums d'entreprise et d'un corpus de courriers electroniques. Cette etude est completee par des enquetes menees aupres des acteurs de ces echanges. Nous esquissons egalement une demarche d'analyse globale de l'espace de communication sous-jacent qui prend en compte l'analyse de sites web. Mots cles : linguistique de corpus, analyse socio-linguistique, espace de communication electronique, courrier electronique, forum, page personnelle. 1. Problematique


The object of research is the technological route of machining of an aluminum alloy casting. The research carried out is based on the basic principles of functionally oriented design of technological processes in the manufacture of products. The main hypothesis of the study is the need for a systematic approach to study the effect of cutting modes of a certain method of machining on the provision of quality parameters in the technological system (machine – device – tool – workpiece). In traditional automated systems for technological preparation of production, an object-oriented principle of designing technological processes is implemented, which provides for the step-by-step implementation of interrelated stages based on a prototyping algorithm without a functional analysis of the operational characteristics of the product. The processing of functional, mating surfaces, ensuring that the product performs its service purpose, must be implemented according to the principle of function-oriented design (FODT). A characteristic feature of FOT is the technological provision of effective operational characteristics of the product in compliance with the parameters of accuracy and quality of the surface layer of the product intended by the designer. The paper deals with the influence of the structural and geometric parameters of end mills manufactured by Sandvick (Sandviken, Sweden) on the formation of microrelief parameters of an aluminum alloy casting profile during machining on a numerically controlled vertical milling center (CNC) HAAS MINIMILL (USA). An atypical option for the FOT principle of the technological route of machining the surfaces of workpieces of machine-building products has been applied. Its feature is ignoring the requirements of the manufacturer of metal-cutting tools, which is an important element of the technological system (machine – tool – device – workpiece), regarding its use for a particular machine tool at a certain technological transition of machining. The performance criteria were the height and step characteristics of the microrelief of the profile of the surface layer of the workpiece being processed. The operating conditions of machine-building products have been determined, which make it possible to establish, in case of deviation from the manufacturer's recommendations at the stage of technological preparation of production, the rational elements of a certain technological system: a metal-cutting machine – a device – a metal-cutting tool – a workpiece and processing modes to ensure the necessary operational characteristics.


Towed Array Sonar provides long range passive acoustic detection at low frequency due to the large aperture array. The design and exploitation of these sonars require an understanding of such diverse fields as hydrodynamics, material science, mechanical engineering, transducer technology besides oceanography and signal processing. This paper provides an overview of these areas, highlighting the important design considerations. A typical sonar is specified. Some notable literature for reference is also listed.


Background: This prospective study done at Addis Ababa University, Medical Faculty, Department of Radiology, Tikur Anbessa Hospital was aimed at determining the causes, magnitude, radiological and Clinical patterns of major limb fractures in adults in a half- year period from March to August 2007.In Addis Ababa University, fractures are managed both conservatively and operatively, but for lack of implants or expertise, patient which should have been treated surgically are managed conservatively and stay very long (average hospital stay of 11 days) in the Hospital. Such knowledge helps to plan on the management of the fractures and resource-recruitment. . Methods: This was a half-year cross-sectional higher institution based study of 422 adult patients with major fracture/s on the limbs. The study included all the major limb trauma patients who attended the 'surgical' and orthopedic Emergency department of T.A.U.H and had fracture at the same time. Data collection related to radiological variables was done by the research team to help reduce inter observer measurement variability. "Difficult" patterns were discussed further. Results: During the study period there were a total of 422 orthopedic adult patients who sustained a major fracture of their limbs. Mean age was 35 years with a male to female ratio was 3:1. Pathological fractures were encountered only in two (0.5%) patients. Nearly half (202, 48%) of the traumatic fractures were due to road traffic accidents. The highest frequency of fracture occurred on the femur (68, 15%), tibiofibular bones (63, 14%) and the humerus (61, 13.5%). A little less than half (44.1%) half of the femur fractures were in the proximal one-third and about half of the tibiofibular fractures were in the distal third. Transverse fracture pattern was seen in about half of the fractures. Compound fracture occurred in 90 (21.3%) of the cases. Thirty four (7.6) of the fractures involved the hand and only 13 (2.9%) involved the foot bones. Conclusion: The very high proportion of closed long bone shaft fractures in a center with limited number of beds compels short Hospital stay using efficient operative fixations, including SIGN interlocking nails, plates and other implants.. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were responsible for almost half of the fractures. Machine injuries and fall injuries were second and third respectively. As the proportions and patterns of the leading causes of adult traumatic fractures remained steadily high over the many years (other similar studies published by the author on this journal), due mutisectorial attention should be emphasized once again to dwindle their burden


Abstract THE protein requirement for egg production under current environmental conditions still remains a controversial question. Several factors, as reviewed by Waibel (1959), have been suggested as being predominant in effecting a possible change in the protein needed for egg production. Included among these suggested factors are: higher egg production, hen size, cage management, poor protein quality, age, dietary energy level, high environmental temperature and other environmental stresses as well as breed differences. To date, several of these factors have been investigated and the answer to others are currently being pursued. Hill and Anderson (1955) concluded that a smaller type Leghorn hen had a higher protein requirement than did a heavier type. In the same report these authors also reported that increasing the energy level with animal fat appeared not to increase the protein requirement and that the higher energy level may have slightly spared this nutrient. Heywang et al. (1955) …


Paper proposes 1-phase Symmetrical Power Line Conditioner (SPLC), the multiple capabilities of which include current conditioning and voltage restoring mode. Proposed arrangement except parallel voltage source and series reactance possess additional current source, connected in parallel between supply source and series reactance. The effectiveness of this arrangement is carefully outlined, while the system general performance during steady and dynamic states is intensively investigated. Results of simulation and experimental investigations are presented to validate proposed approach.


The challenges that organizations face today are b igger than ever, forcing them to adapt almost on a daily basis. In addition to the i nt rnal challenges, organizations also face challenges from external nature. However, even if t he first can be easily influenced by the organization, it will not be the case for the secon d ones. In fact, we are facing an everchanging international environment where the only c ertainty is the uncertainty behavior of the markets. In this competitiveness environment, with the cons equent profit margins' reduction, cost estimation assumes a key role, due to the fact th t estimating the cost of a particular product as soon as possible and with great accuracy will allow, on the one hand, to avoid investing resources in lower economically viable pr oducts or even unfeasible and, on the other hand, the possibility of seeking alternatives for design engineering that results in a product and production process with lower costs. The present study, intended to be explanatory and didactic, fits in the research and development of a cost estimation model for cabrios, inserted in Webasto Portugal Company. After studying several methods of cost estimation and using the historical data of five projects, a parametric model based on three variabl es was developed, which allows the cost estimation with a low error margin. It should be noted that the roofs under analysis f ollow a similar production standard which means that, facing another organizational rea ity, such as different technologies or labor rates, the model may have to be adapted.


In brief the Museum was established in the 1960's and grew tremendously until 2004 when circumstances, which included the need to move from several large storerooms to a much smaller space, forced us to examine the collection and actually see what it contained.


Introduction: Angiogenesis has a great role in physiological development of tissues and tumors. Considering the key role of STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1-tie-2 in angiogenesis, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of high intensity interval exercise (HIIT) on STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1 gene expression, and tie-2 protein in mice with breast cancer. Methods: After inducing cancer (subcutaneous injection of MC4-L2 on the right side of mice), twelve Balb/c mice (6-8 weeks, weight 19±1.05) were randomly assigned to HIIT (n=6) and nonactive groups (n=6). HIIT sessions were performed five days a week for 10 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last session of HIIT, the animals were sacrificed and the tumor tissue was isolated for measuring the expression of STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1 gene by qreal time PCR and measuring tie-2 protein by western blot method. Tumor volume changes were also assessed using a digital caliper every week. Results: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in expression of STAT-3 and angiopoietin-1, and changes in tumor volume and tie-2 in the training group compared to the control group (p =0.001). Conclusion: It appears that high intensity interval exercise can reduce the rate of tumor progression through decreasing the expression of some angiogenesis promoters, and is an effective non-medical method for reducing tumor growth.


Taking acetylguanidine(ACG)as a activator for cold pad-batch bleaching of cotton fabric,the influences of dosages of ACG,hydrogen peroxide,sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate and bleaching time on bleaching results are investigated,and the strength of bleached fabric is tested.The results show that the whiteness of bleached cotton with ACG is higher than that with conventional cold pad-batch peroxide bleaching.The optimum process are defined as follows:hydrogen peroxide 30 g/L,ACG 15~20 g/L,sodium hydroxide 5 g/L,sodium silicate 4~6 g/L,bleaching at 30 ℃ for more than 12 h.


Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists are approved worldwide for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clinical experience revealed that TNF-blocking therapy is effective for only approximately two thirds of patients, reflecting that there are 'responders' as well as 'nonresponders'. Given the destructive nature of RA, the risk of adverse effects, and considerable costs for therapy, there is a strong need to make predictions on success before the start of therapy. In the current issue of Arthritis Research & Therapy, Hueber and colleagues become the first to present a multiparameter serum protein biomarker set that has predictive value prior to the start of anti-TNF treatment. Ultimately, this finding may contribute to a personalized form of medicine, whereby a specific therapy will be applied that is best suited to an individual patient. The concept of a personalized form of medicine has attracted interest in the search for molecular and clinical criteria to dissect anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) responders from non-responders in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Essentially, two phases of unresponsiveness might be identified: a primary phase directly after the start of treatment and a secondary phase that develops in initial responders during the course of therapy. The latter is explained by the formation of anti-drug antibodies (anti-anti-TNF antibodies) in a subset of patients. Efforts to understand differential responsiveness have focused primarily on the mechanistic (that is, the primary) phase of unresponsiveness. However, due to the temporal aspects related to monitoring of the clinical response, research findings from studies on the primary phase of unresponsiveness might be intimately linked to processes that are (also) related to anti-drug development.


Spicy with the taste of a BLT. A perfect dip as you watch the sports events of your choice this month with friends and family.


Forest-based  industries  have  been  continuously  developing  advanced  processes,  materials  and  wood-based solutions, to meet evolving demands and increase competitiveness. Engineered wood pr ...


The purpose of this work was to study the effect of different moisture contents (12, 14, 16 and 18%) of conditioned hull barley and hull-less barley grains prior to milling on physical and sensory properties of bread baked from these barley flours. The results indicated that the specific volume of breads baked from barley flours and wheat-barley composite flours were enhanced with increasing conditioning moisture of barley grains prior to milling; therefore baking loss values decrease. On the other hand, increase the moisture content of barley grains prior to milling lead to improve all the tested parameters of sensory evaluation and retarded the staling rate of barley pan bread and wheat-barley breads.


Novice programmers often make haphazard mistakes due to their incomplete and inconsistent mental models. Previous studies have indicated that students have a non-viable mental model of fundamental programming concepts. From theories of mental model, Mayer [13] showed the effectiveness of explanative diagrams in shaping a novice's mental model. My dissertation aims to evaluate the role of Mayer's explanative diagram as a representation of a notional machine to shape novice programmers' mental models of the array.


This article describes the Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global Positioning System--better known as Navstar GPS. Navstar GPS was developed by the United States Department of Defense for the purpose of positioning military personnel. With Navstar GPS, though, many civil engineering applications are possible. This brief article provides a laundry list of GPS applications for civil engineers, such as building layout, intelligent transportation systems, and real-time kinematics in as-built surveying.


Varicella, Hepatitis-A and Dengue cause significant disease burden in our country. Estimation of age-wise seroprevalence of antibodies against these diseases not only help us in understanding age-specific incidence rates and susceptibility, but also help policy makers in deciding need and timing of vaccination. None of these vaccines are part of current national immunization program in India, yet.

 In this observational cross-sectional study, apparently healthy children (9-12 years), adolescents (15-18 years) and adults (25-30 years) attending OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Northern India over two-year period (July 17- June 19) were enrolled after taking informed written consent, and their 3-ml venous blood sample was collected. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institute Ethics committee, before enrolling subjects. Serum was tested for IgG antibodies using specific commercial ELISA kits. Those who received received Hepatitis-A or Varicella vaccination in past were excluded from enrollment.

 Out of total 240 subjects (M:F=117:123) enrolled, 75 were children, 75 adolescents and 90 adults in specified age groups. Mean age in these three groups were 11.04, 16.52 and 26.53 years respectively.
 In our study, antibodies (IgG) against Varicella were >12 U/ml (seroprotective) in 36% (27/75), 74.6% (56/75), 64.5% (58/90) in children, adolescent and adults in specified age groups, respectively. Similarly, the antibodies (IgG) against Hepatitis-A were >10 U/ml (seroprotective) in above three groups were 68% (51/75), 85.3% (64/75), 95.5% (86/90). For dengue IgG antibodies also, seropositivity rates in above three groups were 37.3% (28/75), 62.7% (47/75), 53.3% (48/90).

 Large proportion of children, adolescents and adults remain susceptible to Varicella and Hepatitis-A infection in India. Early childhood vaccination with Varicella and Hepatitis-A vaccines should be a part of National Immunization Programme in India, as a part of preventive strategy.
 Our study also showed a large proportion of children, adolescents and adults remain seronegative for Dengue antibodies in various age groups. Therefore, if currently available dengue vaccine (Dengvaxia) has to be used in our population, it can only be used after individual screening.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures.


The job-shop-like knowledgeable manufacturing cell scheduling is a NP-complete problem and there has not been a completely valid algorithm for it until now. An algorithm with self -learning ability is proposed through the addition of precedence constraint of operations on the basis of directed graph. A method based on support vector machine is constructed to choose accurately interchangeable operations by small samples earning to obtain the better scheduling. The classification accuracy can be improved by the continuous addition of new instances to the sample library. The results of simulation show that the algorithm performs well for the job-shop-like knowledgeable manufacturing cell.


This invention relates to the culture of dendritic cells from human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Human ES cells are first cultured into hematopoietic cells by co-culture with stromal cells. The cells now differentiated into the hematopoietic lineage are then cultured with GM-CSF to create a culture of myeloid precursor cells. Culture of the myeloid precursor cells with the cytokines GM-CSF and IL-4 causes functional dendritic cells to be generated. The dendritic cells have a unique phenotype, as indicated by their combination of cell surface markers.


In current study, we described the onset of a case of vasospastic angina against the background of thyrotoxicosis.In a 48-year-old patient with transplanted heart coronary artery disease and achieved revascularization after stenting, anterior ventricular failure is used and episodes of ST elevation are preserved in the nighttime indicators of Prinzmetal's angina in leads characterizing the potentials of the anterior septal (V1–V3), complete anterior (V4–V5), lateral (V6, I), lower diaphragmatic (III, avF) tissue of the left ventricle regardless of physical activity and despite optimal drug therapy with calcium channel blockers and nitrates. The patient did not have characteristic clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis, probably due to ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, in particular, glucocorticosteroids.Destructive thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed due to high T4\T3 ratio, absence of TSH receptor antibodies, and a diffuse decrease of 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake. After increasing the dose of glucocorticosteroids and achieving euthyroid state, the episodes of ST elevation resolved.This case emphasizes the importance of timely detection and proper differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. The clinical course of thyrotoxicosis in patients with severe cardiovascular pathology is often atypical and complicated. Restoration of normal thyroid function may lead to the regression of associated cardiac arrhythmias.


Summary.

A large number of serial experiments on dogs have shown that the inhibitory effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on gastric motility observed in conscious dogs is reversed to an augmentory one by different procedures which interfere with the normal vagal influence such as anaesthesia, vagotomy and treatment with atropine-like substances.

Acute experiments have shown that the augmentory responses obtained during anaesthesia are reversed to inhibitory ones when gastric motor activity is elicited by stimulation of the vagus in the neck. On the other hand, if gastric motor activity is induced by carbachol, the augmentory responses are not regularly reversed.

The investigation was supported by a grant from the Medical Faculty in Lund.

Technical assistance was given by Miss Asta Hector.