................................................................................................................................... ii PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................................... viii ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................................ x GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................................. xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND ORIENTATION TO THE STUDY .................................. 1 Context of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 2 Questions and Goal of the Study .................................................................................................... 7 Approach ......................................................................................................................................... 7 Situating Myself as the Researcher ................................................................................................. 8 Outline of the Dissertation .............................................................................................................. 9 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ....................................................................... 11 Complex Phenomena .................................................................................................................... 11 Conceptualizing Competence and Clinical Judgment .................................................................. 15 Phenomenological Views of Developing Expertise ..................................................................... 27 Current Paramedic Education Programs ....................................................................................... 35 Experiential Learning.................................................................................................................... 40 Conceptualizing Simulation-Based Learning ............................................................................... 51 Problematic Terms ........................................................................................................................ 65 Chapter Summary ......................................................................................................................... 67 CHAPTER 3: METHODS ............................................................................................................ 68 Design ........................................................................................................................................... 69 Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................................. 79 Sample........................................................................................................................................... 81 Data ............................................................................................................................................... 84 Analysis and Interpretation ........................................................................................................... 93 Bias of the Researcher ................................................................................................................ 106 Limitations and Delimitations ..................................................................................................... 107 Validation Strategies ................................................................................................................... 109 Chapter Summary ....................................................................................................................... 113


Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic autoimmune disease with varied and unpredictable levels of disease activity. The ability to self‐manage lupus is important in controlling disease activity. Our objective was to determine levels of patient activation toward self‐management in lupus.


Introduction The regulation of extracellular proteolytic activity via the plasminogen activation system is complex, involving numerous activators, inhibitors, and receptors. Previous studies on monocytic and colon cell lines suggest that plasmin pretreatment can increase plasminogen binding, allowing the active enzyme to generate binding sites for its precursor. Other studies have shown the importance of pre-formed receptors such as annexin II heterotetramer. However, few studies have used techniques that exclusively characterise cell-surface events and these mechanisms have not been investigated at the breast cancer cell surface. Methods We have studied plasminogen binding to MCF-7 in which urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) levels were upregulated by PMA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13acetate) stimulation, allowing flexible and transient modulation of cell-surface uPA. Similar experiments were also performed using MDA-MB-231 cells, which overexpress uPAR/uPA endogenously. Using techniques that preserve cell integrity, we characterise the role of uPA as both a plasminogen receptor and activator and quantify the relative contribution of pre-formed and cryptic plasminogen receptors to plasminogen binding. Results Cell-surface plasminogen binding was significantly enhanced in the presence of elevated levels of uPA in an activitydependent manner and was greatly attenuated in the presence of the plasmin inhibitor aprotinin. Pre-formed receptors were also found to contribute to increased plasminogen binding after PMA stimulation and to co-localise with uPA/uPAR and plasminogen. Nevertheless, a relatively modest increase in plasminogen-binding capacity coupled with an increase in uPA led to a dramatic increase in the proteolytic capacity of these cells. Conclusion We show that the majority of lysine-dependent plasminogen binding to breast cancer cells is ultimately regulated by plasmin activity and is dependent on the presence of significant levels of active uPA. The existence of a proteolytic positive feedback loop in plasminogen activation has profound implications for the ability of breast cancer cells expressing high amounts of uPA to accumulate a large proteolytic capacity at the cell surface, thereby conferring invasive potential. Introduction The components of the plasminogen activation system (PAS) are important determinants of metastatic capacity, participating in both proteolytic and non-proteolytic pathways during cancer progression [1,2]. Plasminogen (plg), the central zymogen in the PAS, is secreted as a single-chain glycosylated protein with an N-terminal glutamic acid (Glu) residue, five kringle regions containing lysine-binding sites that regulate plg binding and activation (kringles 1, 4, and 5), and a Cterminal protease domain [3]. Plg may be activated to the broad-spectrum protease plasmin (pln) by a number of proteases, including tissue-type plg activator (tPA), factor XIa, factor XIIa, and kallikrein, via cleavage of the Arg561-Val562 peptide bond [4]. However, the urokinase plg activator (uPA) is widely accepted as the most significant activator of plg during tissue degradation [5,6]. This serine protease is secreted Page 1 of 11 (page number not for citation purposes) AIIt = annexin II heterotetramer; Cy = cyanine; FCS = foetal calf serum; FITC = fluorescein isothiocyanate; Glu = glutamic acid; IgG = immunoglobulin G; Kd = dissociation constant; mAb = monoclonal antibody; MBB = modified (no phenol red) binding buffer; MFI = mean fluorescence intensity; pAb = polyclonal antibody; PAI-1 = plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1; PAI-2 = plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2; PAS = plasminogen activation system; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline; PI = propidium iodide; plg = plasminogen; pln = plasmin; PMA = 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate; PMSF = alpha-toluenesulfonyl fluoride; PMSFuPA = alpha-toluenesulfonyl fluorideinactivated urokinase plasminogen activator; TIU = trypsin inhibitor units; tPA = tissue-type plasminogen activator; uPA = urokinase plasminogen activator; uPAR = urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. Breast Cancer Research Vol 9 No 1 Stillfried et al. as the 53-kDa zymogen pro-uPA and is present at the cell surface bound to its GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)-anchored receptor, uPAR [5]. Receptor-bound pro-uPA is activated by pln and a number of other proteases in vitro through cleavage of the Lys158-Ile159 peptide bond to form the active two-chain protease uPA. The uPA A-chain contains a growth factor-like domain (amino acids 1 to 48) and a kringle domain (amino acids 50 to 131), whereas the B-chain contains the protease domain [7]. The reciprocal activation of pro-uPA by pln and of plg by uPA is an important mechanism in the regulation of pln activity [8]. Receptor-mediated cell-surface localisation of the various components of the PAS (for example, uPA, plg, and plg activator inhibitor type 1 [PAI-1] and type 2 [PAI-2]) is critical for the spatial and temporal regulation of proteolysis. Proteins, gangliosides, and free fatty acids are among the mediators that regulate cell-surface plg binding [9,10]. Several heterogeneous candidate receptors have been identified, including actin [11], amphoterin [12], annexin II heterotetramer (AIIt) [13], cytokeratin 8/18 [14], and α-enolase [15,16], with dissociation constant (Kd) values ranging from 0.1 to 2 μM. Receptor candidates can be grouped into three classes: (a) those that possess a pre-existing C-terminal lysine residue (pre-formed), (b) those that are cleaved to expose a lysine residue (cryptic), and (c) those that bind plg through a lysine-independent mechanism [1]. Initial binding of Glu-plg to exposed internal or C-terminal lysine residues results in a rapid conformational change, whereas binding at a second lysine residue stabilises the more open, activation-susceptible γ-conformation [17-19]. In addition, treatment of cells with basic caboxypeptidases significantly reduces plg binding [20]. The lysine-dependent binding of plg via cell-surface receptors therefore both anchors plg to the cell surface and facilitates its activation to pln. The high plg-binding capacity (104 to 107 binding sites per cell) and relatively low affinity (Kd 0.1 to 2 μM) of cell-surface plg binding suggest the presence of multiple plg receptors that are responsible for the total plg-binding capacity of a cell [1]. Furthermore, several studies have shown that limited proteolysis of the cell surface with trypsin or pln to reveal C-terminal lysyl residues results in enhanced plg binding in various cell types [21-23]. Together, these observations point to a general mechanism of cell-surface plg binding in which total binding is determined by the collective expression of a spectrum of heterogeneous receptors and proteolytic activity. Mounting evidence implicates uPA as a key regulator of breast cancer metastasis and demonstrates a role for uPA in a number of processes that facilitate tumour progression, including extracellular matrix degradation, cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion [24,25]. Furthermore, high levels of uPA and its inhibitor PAI-1 in primary breast tumours are correlated with shortened disease-free interval and poor overall survival, independent of other predictors such as tumour grade, tumour size, and hormone receptor status [2,26]. Significantly higher levels of uPA and uPAR are expressed at the cell surface of metastatic breast cancer cells in vitro and these cells are capable of binding larger amounts of Glu-plg at the cell surface than non-metastatic breast cancer cells [27]. Moreover, although plg displays widespread cell-surface binding to a range of putative receptors, it is the uPA-co-localised fraction of plg that is readily activated to pln [28]. This highlights uPA as an important regulator of cellular plg activation. A direct, non-active-site interaction between the uPA A-chain and plg has been shown to exist at the cell surface of the monocytic cell line, U937 [29]. In addition, the amino-terminal fragment of uPA (specifically the Lys135 residue) has been shown to mediate the activation of plg by uPA and the reciprocal activation of pro-uPA by pln [30]. Thus, the accrual of active uPA may be a key step in tumour invasion and metastasis by controlling not only the levels of plg activated at the cell surface but also the levels of plg bound. This mechanism has not been definitively shown in situ (that is, at the cell surface) on breast cancer cells. Using techniques that preserve cell integrity and exclude the contribution of intracellular plg-binding moieties [28], we characterise the relative contribution of uPA, pln, and several candidate plg receptors to cell-surface plg binding on breast cancer cells. Materials and methods Specific proteins and antibodies Active human urine-derived uPA (40% high molecular weight, 50% low molecular weight, 10% transitory forms; A-chain Cterminal residue: Phe158) and mouse anti-cytokeratin 8/18 monoclonal antibody (mAb) (CBL195) were purchased from Chemicon International (Temecula, CA, USA). Bovine aprotinin, rabbit anti-actin C-11 polyclonal antibody (pAb) (A2066), rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) (I5006), goat IgG (I9140), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled goat antimouse Fab-specific pAb (F4018), FITC-labelled rabbit antigoat pAb (F7367), FITC-labelled goat anti-rabbit pAb (F6005), and cyanine (Cy) 3-labelled goat anti-mouse pAb (C2181) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Pty. Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Spectrozyme PL, mouse anti-uPAR mAb (no. 3936), mouse anti-uPA A-chain mAb (no. 3921), and mouse anti-uPA B-chain mAb (no. 394) were purchased from American Diagnostica Inc. (Stamford, CT, USA). Goat antiS100A10 (p11) mAb (AF1698) was purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Human α2-antiplasmin was purchased from Molecular Innovations, Inc. (Southfield, MI, USA). Goat anti-annexin II (C-16) pAb (sc-1924) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechno


A novel nonlinear robust controller based on the wide-area measurement system (WAMS) is proposed using the inverse system algorithm and linear matrix inequality technique. The controller not only takes into account time delays introduced by remote signals' transmission in WAMS, but also eliminates the effect of wide-area information's incompleteness when not all generators are equipped with the phase measurement unit (PMU) in power system. Digital simulation studies with respect to a four-machine system are conducted for various time delays of remote incomplete measured information. The results demonstrate that the nonlinear robust integrated controller (NRIC) has a significant potential in improving the dynamic performance and transient stability of power system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510120, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Cancer for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510060, People's Republic of China Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of transarterial


The utility model relates to an electric wire, cable winding and distributing device, in particular to a non-shaft type electric wire, cable winding and distributing device. The electric wire, cable winding and distributing device belongs to the electric wire and cable manufacturing field. The device is composed of a wire winding frame, a wire distributing frame and a universal Shaft coupling, wherein, the wire winding frame comprises an upright post, a bracket, a lifting mechanism and an upright post switching mechanism; the wire distributing frame comprises a wire distributing mechanism, a fast and slow distributing driving mechanism and a wire winding gear box. The electric wire, cable winding and distributing device dispenses with a wire coil shaft; the wire coil is supported by a finial on the wire winding frame. The arranged fast and slow distributing driving mechanism can realize the quick movement of the wire distributing frame. The device can reduce the labor intensity of operators and enhance production efficiency.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of the bridge construction, and in particular to a combination-type movable cable saddle of a cable crane, which is characterized in that a bearing cable pulley shaft system (2), a hoisting cable pulley shaft system (4) and a towing cable pulley shaft system (3) are arranged on an integral sliding guide (1); the bearing cable pulley shaft system (2), the hoisting cable pulley shaft system (4) and the towing cable pulley shaft system (3) are connected with each other through a transverse connection framework (5) into a whole body, the integral rigidness satisfy the stress requirement of a bearing cable (10), a hoisting cable (11) and a towing cable, and when in idle load, the cable saddle and different cables on the cable saddle are integrally moved along a slide-way to a designated position through a towing transverse pulley shaft system; each cable pulley shaft system is provided with a limiting framework to prevent the slip; and all components are combined into an integrity. The combination-type movable cable saddle of the cable crane has definite stress, simple structure and easy installation and disassembling, and can satisfy the operation requirements of the cable crane at different positions.


We report two patients with vitiligo-like lesions caused by contact with compounds containing phenols and toluene. The clinical, histopathologic and ultrastructural findings are compared with vitiligo. Two mechanisms may be present: one from direct enzymatic or cytotoxic action on melanocytes and the other through immunologic reaction.


Objective: Analyze the prescriptions of anxiety disorders with association rules,to research the component and compatibility rules of these prescriptions.Methods: The data was from 44 papers and 14 patents of clinical research literature for anxiety disorders in several databases of CNKI,including TCM journal,thesis and patents from Jan 1996 to Jan 2011.There were 54 prescriptions altogether.Created the database,analyzed the prescriptions and extracted compatibility rules with frequency description,GRI association rules and Net model.Results: ①Select 16 herbs mostly used.②Built the association model of these herbs,extract compatibility of them.Conclusion: ①Spine date seed,Chinese thorowax root,poria cocos are the most frequent herbs;②Chinese thorowax-curcuma root,Spine date seed-dragon,s bone,Chinese thorowax root-white peony root-licorice root,Spine date seed-poria cocos-licorice root are the most frequent compatibility rules of the prescriptions in anxiety disorders.


The Quantum Satisfiability problem generalizes the Boolean satisfiability problem to the quantum setting by replacing classical clauses with local projectors. The Quantum Lovasz Local Lemma gives a sufficient condition for a Quantum Satisfiability problem to be satisfiable [1], by generalizing the classical Lovasz Local Lemma. The next natural question that arises is: can a satisfying quantum state be efficiently found, when these conditions hold? In this work we present such an algorithm, with the additional requirement that all the projectors commute. The proof follows the information theoretic proof given by Moser's breakthrough result in the classical setting [2]. Similar results were independently published in [3, 4].


In this letter, we propose a physics-based framework to exploit magnets in robotic manipulation. More specifically, we suggest equipping soft and underactuated hands with magnetic elements, which can generate a magnetic actuation able to synergistically interact with tendon-driven and pneumatic actuations, engendering a complementarity that enriches the capabilities of the actuation system. Magnetic elements can act as additional Degrees of Actuation (DoAs), robustifying the motion control of the device and augmenting the hand manipulation capabilities. We investigate the interaction of a soft hand with itself for enriching possible hand shaping, and the interaction of the hand with the environment for enriching possible grasping capabilities. Physics laws and notions reported in the manuscript can be used as a guidance for DoAs augmentation and can provide tools for the design of novel soft hands.


Spinobulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked form of motor neuron disease characterized by progressive atrophy of the muscles, dysphagia, dysarthria and mild androgen insensitivity. SBMA is caused by CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene. CAG repeat polymorphism was analysed in a Polish control group (n = 150) and patients suspected of SBMA (n = 60). Normal and abnormal ranges of CAG repeats were established in the control group and in 21 patients whose clinical diagnosis of SBMA was molecularly confirmed. The ranges are similar to those reported for other populations.


Based on collecting,reorganizing and analyzing of the historical documents about freezing disaster in upper reaches of Hanjiang river during historical period,using the methods of least squares,wavelet analysis,mathematical statistics,the rule of time occurrence(stage,seasonal changes and disasters cycle) and spatial variation and its social impact of freezing disaster were studied in this study.The results showed that the freezing disaster happened 118 times in upper reaches of Hanjiang river,with averagely once every 24.46 years.Freezing disaster grade could be divided into mild,moderate and severe disaster,and their occurrence probabilities were 16.1%,62.71% and 21.19%.Wavelet analysis showed that mild freezing disaster happened once 5-8 years moderate freezing disaster did once about 20-23 years,and severe freezing disaster did once 60-55 years.Freezing disaster in the upper reaches of Hanjiang river showed the volatility rising trend since historical period,phase characteristics,experienced a frequency less-increased volatility-a rapid increase in three stages;spring freezing disaster occured most frequently,and mainly the frost disaster.Freezing disaster had a major impact on the prevailing socio-economic development,agricultural production,social stability,population changes,etc.Therefore,primary conclusions can be made that there were two cold climatic events in upper reaches of Hanjiang river during historical period,which occurred during 1640-1700 and 1840-1870 respectively.


This paper presents a novel use of a chemical experiments' framework as a control layer and sound source in a concert situation. Signal fluctuations from electrolytic batteries made out of household chemicals, and acoustic samples obtained from an acid/base reaction are used for musical purposes beyond the standard data sonification role. The batteries are controlled in handy ways such as warming, stirring and pouring that are also visually engaging. Audio mappings include synthetic and sampled sounds completing a recipe that concocts a live performance of computer music.


Buck converter has a simple circuit and a good performance of regulating output voltage.In this paper,the circuit structure and step-down theory of Buck converter are introduced.Small-signal analysis of Buck converter is quantitatively analyzed under the CCM and three kinds of modelling simulation under the SIMULINK are also analyzed.Practice proves that the design of adjustable power converter will be effectively speeded up by using simulation model.


The article experimentally substantiates the prospects of obtaining powder from eggplant pulp, and its application in the technology of the national fried bakery product-baursaks. There are two ways to prepare eggplant for processing in order to remove bitterness. With preliminary freezing of raw materials, there is a slight bitterness in the aftertaste, and when soaked in a 3% salt solution, the taste of the powder is salty. The optimal parameters and modes of convective drying of eggplant fruits for the most complete preservation of biologically active substances in the product are established. The scientific novelty is confirmed by the patent of the Russian Federation № 2733117, a method for obtaining powder from the pulp of eggplant. The formulations of the experimental variants differed in the content of eggplant fruit powder by 15, 20, 25%. With an increase in the amount of eggplant pulp flour in the recipe to 20–25%, the color of the semi-finished product darkens, the dough becomes incoherent, breaks, because the content of raw gluten decreases in mixtures. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of the quality of finished products, the best sample with the addition of eggplant pulp flour up to 15% in the product formulation. The authors found that in 100 g of baursaks with the addition of eggplant powder, the content of dietary fiber is 37,5% higher, vitamin B6 is 3 times, silicon, manganese, copper is 1,5 times. A new recipe of the national bakery product - baursaks has been developed, which contributes to the expansion of the range of products of increased nutritional value


The 3 immature female stages and the second-stage male Aclerda tillandsiae Howell are described and illustrated. modification of McConnell's key (1953) is included to separate the first-stage nymph from other Aclerda species. Characters of the intermediate stages useful in species identification are also mentioned.


Purpose – This paper aims to review and analyze the concept of Ijarah and Ijarah MuntahiaBittamleek (IMB)in Sudanese Islamic banks. Design/methodology/approach-The researchers followed descriptive analytical methodology and Inductive method in conducting this study as well as the comparative method to compare FAS No.8 to IAS 17 concerning the accounting treatments. Also,the applied method was used for the practical side of the study based upon the financial reports in the Sudanese Islamic banks. Findings -The study found that the main difference between two standards is that FAS No.8 focuses on the legal aspect of the financial transactions while IAS 17 focuses on theaspect of economy.The study also found that the Sudanese Islamic Banks were committed to apply FAS No.8 in regard to accounting measurement, but were not committed to apply FAS No.8 in regard to recognition, presentation and disclosure in the financial reports. Practical implication – The paper contributes to the Sudanese Islamic Banks to apply the FAS No.8 with regard to recognition and accounting disclosure. Originality/value –This research is the pioneerin analyzing the concept of Ijarah and Ijarah MuntahiaBittamleek (IMB) in Sudanese Islamic banks.


In March 1972, I picked up the new copy of Art News and saw the review of Barbara Chase-Riboud's show at the celebrated Betty Parsons Gallery in New York. The reproduc- tion of Why Did We Leave Zanzibar (1971) immediately caught my eye. I had become tired of what was considered the mainstream in sculpture, all these depersonalized fabricated cubes taking space in gallery floors. Here was an authentic highly personal statement, sculpture of inherent mystery and beauty. The fact that Chase-Riboud had been living in Paris for a long time and was influenced by Germaine Richier and Giacometti—artists whose sculpture I had long admired and included in the New Images of Man exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art—may have predisposed my response to her work. By sheer coincidence Barbara walked into my office at the Berkeley Museum the next day, saying that her work would look great in the new building. I could only agree. Consulting with the Committee for the Acquisition of Afro-American Art (the only such group in the country), we commissioned her to make a large piece in metal fiber. The result was the


Nowadays the most active research in supervised learning includes an integration of several base classifiers into the combined classification system. Such systems are known under the names multiple classifiers, ensembles methods. This topic attracts an interest of machine learning researchers as multiple classifiers are often much more accurate than the component classifiers that make them up. In this paper, we proposed a Lazy Stacking approach to classification (LS), a stacking framework with lazy local learning for building a classifier ensemble learner. Stacking is an ensemble that uses different "type" of base classifiers for labeling new instance. So by using stacking along with lazy learners, we can provide the desire accuracy. To investigate LS's performance, we test LS against four rival algorithms on a large suite of 10 real-world benchmark numeric datasets. Empirical results confirm that LS can statistically significantly outperform alternative methods in terms of classification accuracy.


In the last decade creatine supplementation has become the most popular ergogenic aid among athletes, with particular performance enhancements found in high-power output, anaerobic exercises. Physiologically, creatine and phosphocreatine provide an energy reservoir in skeletal muscle. Recent studies have also shown that the ergogenic effects of creatine are caused by muscle protein metabolism (or reduced catabolism), satellite cell proliferation, protective oxidant scavenging, and membrane stabilization. In addition, creatine supplementation is considered to be a potential therapy for a wide variety of disease states including muscular dystrophy, heart failure, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. To date, a large number of studies have shown no serious side effects after short- (<10 days) and medium-term (<12 weeks) supplementation, and the first long-term (<5 years) study of supplementation found no effects on renal function. Still recent findings of cytotoxic creatine metabolites, along with two isolated reports of renal dysfunction, are some cause for concern, and more long-term research is required.


Introduction Recent MRI studies have exploited subtle magnetic susceptibility differences between brain tissues to improve anatomical contrast and resolution. These susceptibility differences lead to resonance frequency shifts which can be visualized by reconstructing the signal phase (phase imaging) in GRE [1]. In this work, a new bSSFP based method that significantly improves the CNR efficiency of phase images has been evaluated at 3 T and 7 T as well as by computer simulation. The results show substantially improved CNR efficiency (2.85 ± 0.21 times at 3 T and 1.71 ± 0.11 times at 7 T) compared to the GRE data in a limited spatial area. Methods In bSSFP, a large phase transition over a narrow frequency band occurs near the resonance frequency (the shaded area in Fig. 1). If a small frequency difference between different tissue types (e.g., gray and white matter) exists over this phase transition frequency band, it will create a substantial contrast in the phase image. Hence, bSSFP can provide significant phase amplification for acquisitions with a short TE. In addition, the high SNR of bSSFP makes it uniquely suitable for the detection of frequency differences between tissue types. Ten subjects (five for 3 T and five for 7 T) were scanned (IRB-approved). The scan parameters were optimized for GRE and SSFP separately. At 3 T, a 3D acquisition was used for both GRE and bSSFP whereas a single slice was acquired at 7 T. For GRE, the TE and the duration of the readout were approximately matched to the average T2 of brain tissues (45 ms for 3 T and 30 ms for 7 T). The TRs (66.8 ms at 3 T and 50 ms at 7 T) were well below T1 and chosen to reduce scan time and decrease the effects of drift and instabilities. Flip angles were set to the Ernst angles (18° for 3 T and 14° for 7 T). For bSSFP scans, the TR was set to 10 ms and the readout duration and acquisition BW were chosen to fully utilize available time to maximize SNR. The choice of SSFP TE (4.5 ms at 3 T and 4.8 ms at 7 T) was not critical as it does not change bSSFP profile significantly. The flip angle was set to 3° to optimize the signal near the on-resonance frequency. The scan time was 6.68 times longer with GRE (400.8 sec) compared to bSSFP (60 sec) at 3 T and 5 times longer with GRE (72 sec) at 7 T compared to bSSFP (14.4 sec). Other parameters such as FOV, resolution, and slice thickness were the same in both GRE and bSSFP. At 7 T, multiple flip angles were acquired both in GRE and bSSFP to avoid suboptimal SNR due to B1 inhomogeneity and inaccurate flip angle calibration. Due to unpredictable field drift, data at five different center frequencies each shifted by 3 Hz were acquired for bSSFP (7 T only). Only one center frequency was used for CNR comparison. This multi-CF acquisition is not necessary if drift is compensated in realtime [2]. First order shimming was targeted to visual cortex for 3 T and sensory motor area for 7 T. Real time shimming was used at 7 T to reduce respiration effects [3]. Computer simulation was performed to investigate the characteristics of the bSSFP phase imaging method. Several properties such as phase CNR change over frequency shifts, offresonance frequency, and flip angle have been simulated and compared to GRE. Results Sample bSSFP and GRE images at 3 T are shown in Fig. 2. The posterior side of brain where shim was targeted shows high signal intensity in the bSSFP magnitude image and the phase image shows strong phase contrast (0.443 ± 0.062 rad averaged over all subjects) between the GM and WM (TE = 4.5 ms). This is larger than that of the GRE at TE = 45 ms (0.386 ± 0.045). Hence it demonstrates the phase amplification effect at the transition band of bSSFP. The CNR efficiency (that took into account the different scan time) was 2.85 ± 0.21 higher in bSSFP compared to GRE. This is slightly below the 3.5-fold improvement predicted by the simulations. At 7 T, the CNR effciency advantage of the bSSFP method was reduced but still significant (1.71 ± 0.11) (Fig. 3). The gain is smaller than the 2.8-fold improvement expected by the simulations. The discrepancy may originate from deterioration of bSSFP performance due to residual B0 variability related to drift and respiration. CSF shows large negative phase only in bSSFP. This is attributed to a long T2 of CSF that makes the bSSFP phase transtion extremely steep, magnifying frequency contrast. This effect helps to distinguish the gray matter and CSF boundary better in the bSSFP images. The simulation shows approximately 4 Hz (8 Hz) BW for a 1.4 Hz (4 Hz) frequency shift at 3 T (7 T). At each technique's optimal flip angle, sensitivity of CNR to B1 variatins was similar. Assuming a 50 % variation from the optimum flip angle, the minimum CNR in bSSFP is 82% of the maximum whereas it is 79% in GRE. Discussion One drawback of the proposed method is the limited spatial coverage due to its restricted dynamic range. The phase amplification effect only occurs over a small frequency range, outside of which the contrast is strongly reduced. Off-resonance due to macroscopic susceptibility variations and/or imperfect shimming may severely limit the extent of the region with optimal contrast. A number of methods such as higher order shim, local shim, new shim algorithm, B1 shimming [4] may be applied to improve the spatial coverage. It is also possible to use multiple shifted center frequency scans to improve the spatial coverage, albeit at the expense of CNR efficiency. References [1] Duyn, PNAS, 2007, p11796 [2] Lee, MRM, 2006, p1197 [3] van Gelderen, MRM, 2007, p362 [4] Heilman, ISMRM, 2009, p251 a b


In this paper, we focus on the resource allocation (RA) in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access (OFDMA) Two-Way Relay-Assisted (TWR) Cognitive Radio Network (CRN). The spectrum availability in hybrid spectrum sharing was examined based on a sensing-based spectrum sharing. Aggregate Weighted Ergodic Throughput (AWET) of the secondary network was considered as the main objective of the RA. In addition to subcarrier assignment policy, the system design parameters are the transmission power of Secondary Users (SUs), Base Station (BS) and relay nodes, sensing parameters i.e. the sensing time and energy detection threshold. The main contributions of this paper is the proposed novel sensing based RA algorithm and its near optimal solution adopting dual technique coupled with block coordinate descent algorithm for OFDMA TWR-assisted CRNs. Simulation results corroborated the theoretical findings and confirmed the superiority of the hybrid spectrum sharing against overlay and underlay spectrum sharing.


Transistor aging under complex input waveform stress has been a key concern for device and circuit reliability. The overall Design Technology Co-Optimization (DTCO) is strongly guided by the reliability risk of a single transistor as well as by the reliability performance of the overall IP/product. Although the IP/Product reliability evaluation is most beneficial at the early stages of the technology development, it is often very expensive, and no certain aging model methodology exists to quantify the risks. In this work, for the first time we demonstrate a unified aging model framework, which not only can predict the traditional DC transistor aging, but also can accurately predict aging in various styles of circuits. Various Ring-Oscillators (RO) under arbitrary stress conditions are used to demonstrate model predictability after long-term stress approaching product use conditions. Such consistent framework helps to guide the process technology development, as well as provides for high-confidence product/IP reliability design assurance.


Background: Green tea being a rich source of fluoride, may provide anti-caries benefits when incorporated in toothpaste formulation.
Aim: To estimate the concentration of fluoride in dry green tea extract.
Methods: Prior to the estimation of fluoride in the sample, the dry green tea extract powder was tested for its physical characteristics, analytical characteristics, active ingredients and contaminants. Microbial assay was done for quantifying E. Coli, yeast and Salmonella. Fluoride estimation was done by IS 3025 P 60 method.
Results: Fluoride was not detected in the dry powder extract of green tea dry extract powder.
Conclusion: Green tea powder extract incorporated in herbal toothpastes cannot be read as a natural substitute of fluoride in toothpaste.


A process for treating high-zinc powdered dust containing Fe (30-75 wt.%), Zn (1-30), C (0-30), Pb (0-5) and S (0-3) includes adding C-containing material to the powdered dust to make carbon content 15-25 wt.%, granulating to 5-50 mm of granularity, loading in container, putting high-temp smelting slags over it, holding temp at 1100-1600 deg.C for 10-30 min to obtain low-Zn iron particles, slags and high-Zn smoke, separating iron particles from salgs, and collecting high-Zn smoke to obtain zinc product with zinc content higher than 40%. Its advantage is high recovery rate of iron and zinc (upto 90% or more).


The aim of the study is to detect experiences related to memory, identity and heritage in comments posted on the TripAdvisor website about Casa da Tapioca. It is a predominantly qualitative research, using the comments from 2013 to 2019, with data analysis performed using the Iramuteq software and the content analysis technique. Of the 117 comments obtained, 51% were potiguares. In the word cloud and similarity analysis,  stands out, indicating that it permeates people's imagination and evokes what is most rooted in local cuisine. Memories surfaced in the categories: old, traditional and country; identity in: rustic, simplicity, indigenous, original/handmade, Brazilian and Northeastern; heritage in: protection and maintenance. It is concluded that the cultural components present in Casa da Tapioca produce an atmosphere perceived by residents and tourists. There is a real appreciation of culture, while adding importance to the development of tourism with a strong gastronomic identity.


Physical punishment brings palpable negative impacts on one's psychological development over the life span. A wide pool of research has been conducted in the western cultures and not in the local contexts, thus this study is conducted to investigate whether or not the physical punishment causes the same pattern of negative impacts on young adults' psychological adjustment. This study illustrates the residue effects of physical punishment on psychological adjustment among young adults. The current study involved 467 young adults in a public higher learning institution in Malaysia. Data were collected by the mean of questionnaires. This study elucidates that the prevalence of physical punishment is at a high level among the young adults of the target area. The findings show that both the paternal and maternal physical punishment have consistent effects upon young adults' psychological adjustment. Hence, it provides evidence that parental rejection behaviours have profound effects on children's psychological development. Besides, the perceived paternal and maternal harshness were found to be the strongest predictor in predicating young adults' psychological adjustment. The study suggests that parents should practise positive reinforcements as behaviour management methods instead of relying on such violent behaviour.


Thermal environments can influence many fitness‐related traits including life span. Here, we assess whether longevity in Drosophila melanogaster can experimentally evolve as a correlated response to cold‐stress selection, and whether genotype‐by‐temperature and sex‐by‐temperature interactions are significant components of variation in life span. Three replicated S lines were cold‐stress selected and compared with their respective unselected controls (Clines) in the 16th generation of thermal selection. Cold‐stress resistance exhibited a substantial direct response to selection, and also showed a significant interaction between sex and type of line. Mean longevity exhibited a significant interaction between adult test temperature (14 and 25 °C) and line (with suggestive evidence for increased longevity of S lines when tested at 14 °C), but there was no evidence for increased longevity in S lines at normal temperatures (i.e. 25 °C). Another temperature‐dependent effect was sex‐specific, with males being the longer lived sex at 25 °C but the less long‐lived sex at 14 °C. Additionally, we tested in an exploratory way the relationship between longevity and cold‐stress resistance by also measuring resistance to a prefreezing temperature before and after one generation of longevity selection at 14 °C (selection intensity, i = 1.47 for S lines, and 1.42 for C lines). In this longevity selection, we found that cold‐stress resistance increased by about 6% in S lines and 18% in C lines. However, taken together, the results indicate no simple relationship between longevity and cold‐stress resistance, with genotype‐by‐sex interactions in both traits. Temperature dependent interaction in longevity is apparent between S and C lines, and sex‐specific variation in mean longevity also depends on temperature.


Cyanide paste covered in a flour-based lure is commonly used to control populations of the Australian brushtail possum, New Zealand's foremost vertebrate pest. When possums were given sublethal amounts of a standard paste bait, most ate it initially, but 75% refused it 7 days later, having become bait-shy. Most possums were able to discriminate between the toxic paste and the harmless flour-based lure. A less concentrated formof the paste was less effective in killing possums, in contrast toearlier data on the lethality of cyanide. A lower sublethal dose led to a weaker and less persistent bait shyness. Further refinement is therefore required to obtain the optimum concentration that balances reduced shyness and maximum kill. Surviving possums were offered cyanide paste again after 90 and 300 days and only 13 and 17% respectively succumbed, indicating a longlived shyness, as has previously been demonstrated after sublethal poisoning with 1080 baits. The shyness did not generalize towards 1080 paste or pellet baits, or cholecalciferol gel baits. Sustained control of possums is therefore unlikely to be achieved by repeated use of cyanide paste, but changing to other types of toxic bait should provide more effective long-term control.


Traffic accidents are one of the most important and serious problems, our country encounters. As the percentage of injured and casualties in traffic accidents are huge in numbers, it causes thousands of people injured or dead in a year. In the situation of coming by a traffic accident that we face commonly in daily life, generally people directly use their mobile phones and call the related units. However, as the required, right and adequate information is not given to these related units, the cases may sometimes end with casualties.  One of the most important reasons of casualties in car accidents is the wrong, senseless first aids performed to the victims of injuries by surrenders.  In this study, the aim is to determine the exact location of the accident with its latitude and longitude that is determined automatically via the application present in the responsive citizen who tries to help the victims of the accident.  With this system named as "Mobile Accident Notification" the users are aimed to send accident notification in online or via sending message when there is no internet access with the help of mobile applications that process in Android Operating System. These accident data kept in remote server are monitored on web pages or Android mobile phones. In this thesis, a web-based, open-source accident filtration system was developed and the accidents were provided to be monitored by the authorized people in related units.


Purpose – Review articles on B2B salespersons' performance in the recent past have been limited. This paper seeks to provide a review, focusing on the conceptualizations of the salespersons' performance construct, and its determinants, in a B2B context. A synthesis of the relevant predictors is presented, and new customer‐centric measures of performance in industrial selling are also proposed.Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides an exhaustive review and synthesis of the conceptual and empirical studies on salespersons' performance and effectiveness. It also posits a set of propositions from a customer‐centric perspective.Findings – Far too many individual‐level variables are used as predictors of a B2B salesperson's performance and effectiveness. Future research must focus on context‐specific selling situations to identify the contextual skills required to perform the critical customer‐centric activities, rather than by using generic models that fail to apply to all situations.Research limitat...


The numerical parametric synthesis procedure of orthogonal voltages multipulse rectifiers with two-multiple resultant pulse multiplicity, which are consist of the series-parallel connected by output elementary single-phase bridge cells, is offered. The design ratios of feeding EMFs amplitudes has reached by the choosing of the corresponding turns numbers of secondary windings and transformation ratios of two transformers. On an example of the circuit with the tenfold pulsation frequency of the output voltage the possibility of construction of such rectifiers from odd number of diode cells is confirmed. Use of two multiwound three-phase transformers and three ten-pulse switch cells allows constructing the rectifier with the 30-fold pulsation frequency of the output voltage.


A method for modeling an educational program as a flow chart is given. An example model is created for the Master of Science in Cybersecurity program at Utah Valley University.


Nowadays, time saving in piping stress analysis is a major concern among consultant engineering companies in power and process plants. In this paper, we are going to have a quantity review between some important parameters such as sustained, occasional and expanding stresses with total length and nozzle load of a real case according to ASME B31.3. Most of the times, piping stress designers try different and more flexible piping routes completely arbitrary. Longer piping route means greater mass, and it means a big trouble in earthquake time especially for allowable nozzle loading, on the other hand shorter piping route increases thermal nozzle loading and operating stresses. We will try to find a relationship among mentioned parameters to have an optimal piping route in order to save time and material. Finally, different routes will be analyzed using Caesar II to plot related parameters and find optimum criterion.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


This article describes a first step towards a strategy for using living labs as a means to foster innovation and develop new concepts of sustainable living from an architectural point of view. The overall aim is to enable truly sustainable living through radically reduced energy and resource use thus addressing both environmental and social aspects of sustainability. Earlier research has shown that contemporary housing developments, including those with a sustainable profile, do not profoundly question modern lifestyles and consumption, which is a necessity to overcome limitations of a technological focus on environmental efficiency in construction. Thus, we see an opportunity for the discipline of architecture to engage in current investments in living lab facilities in order to push innovation in the field of sustainable housing. We introduce the concept of a "Habitation Lab", which will provide an arena for radical and high-risk design experimentation between users, building-sector actors, and academia, and we describe a case study of a planned Habitation Lab within a living lab facility where traditional solutions for daily living and habitation are questioned and new architectural innovations are explored and evaluated. The idea of using experimental activities in the field of housing is not new, and we argue that new investments should build on earlier experiences to avoid perpetuating misconceptions and repeating past failures. Furthermore, to ensure the dissemination and uptake of results, the design of the Habitation Lab should consider the innovation and learning trajectories of the building sector. We propose a transdisciplinary setting to provide a neutral arena for value creation and to increase the distribution of experiences.


Summary:  Transgenic (Tg) mice carrying a T‐cell receptor (TCR) specific for a CD8+ T‐cell epitope expressed in pre‐erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium yoelii has proven to be a valuable tool to advance our understanding of this anti‐parasite T‐cell response, as it occurs in vivo. The visualization of CD8+ T cells in vivo and ex vivo greatly facilitated research aimed at characterizing basic features of this T‐cell response such as the kinetics of differentiation and proliferation and the in vivo antigen presentation. Importantly, this research unveiled the existence of early self‐regulatory mechanisms controlling the magnitude of the CD8+ T‐cell response and also identified CD4+ T cells as critical elements in the development of memory populations. This review discusses our recent research using Tg mice and highlights our progress in understanding the CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated immunity against malaria liver stages.


Korea has achieved rapid economic development for the past few decades, raising its economic stature from one of the most impoverished countries in the world to an advanced industrial nation. Korea will host the G20 summit meeting in November 2010. What is the reason for the rapid economic development of Korea? This paper discusses the policy measures taken by the Korean government to promote exports, analyse their contribution and problems, and provide developing countries with the implications for their economic development process under the WTO system drawn from the experience of export-led economic development of Korea.


The landscape forests of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv.pubescens in shaofeng were fertilized with nitrogenous,kalium,phosphor and compound fertilizer.The plant community biodiversity in the forests were investigated after treated for 20 months.The results show that the fertilizers obviously changed the forest's plant hiberarchy and cover percent,the plant species in the shrub and herb layers increased,and compared the two layers with the control, the differences reached a remakable level on the whole;the plant diversity in the whole community and in the herb layer increased notablely,and compared them to the control,the differences in the aspects of targets reached a significant level;compared the treated herb layer(with P,N and compound fertilizer)and whole community to the control,the differences in the aspect of similarity coefficients reached a remarkable level.


This article presents an analysis of the Bribri (Coroma's variation) clause as message, according to Halliday's systemic-functional grammar. The objective is to establish which elements can be placed in a thematic position – that is, can function as Theme – in the simple clause structure. The data, which has been analyzed in an exhaustive manner in order to fulfill the goal of this paper, was gathered using the elicitation technique with the help of a Bribri native speaker.


This study proposes a very compact coaxial-fed planar antenna for X band applications. The antenna design includes a tulip-shaped radiator on the FR4 dielectric substrate. The antenna parameters, such as return losses, bandwidth and operating frequency, have close relationships with patch geometry. In order to obtain desired antenna parameters for X band application, patch dimension is necessary to be optimized. In this article, four different hybrid artificial intelligence network models are suggested for optimization. These are particle swarm optimization, differential evolution, grey wolf optimizer and vortex search algorithm. Also, they are combined with artificial neural network for the purpose of estimating dimension of patch. Therefore, the comparison of different proposed algorithms is analyzed to obtain higher characteristics for antenna design. Their results are compared with each other in HFSS 13.0 software. The antenna with the most suitable return loss, bandwidth and operating frequency is selected to be used in antenna design.


Background: The ability of the periodontal ligament (PDL) to absorb and distribute forces is necessary for periodontal homeostasis. This adaptive response may be determined, in part, by a key molecule, periostin, which maintains the integrity of the PDL during occlusal function and inflammation. Periostin is primarily expressed in the PDL and is highly homologous to βig-H3 (transforming growth factor-beta [TGF-β] inducible gene). Cementum, alveolar bone, and the PDL of periostin-null mice dramatically deteriorate following tooth eruption. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of periostin in maintaining the functional integrity of the periodontium.Methods: The periodontia from periostin-null mice were characterized followed by unloading the incisors. The effect of substrate stretching on periostin expression was evaluated using a murine PDL cell line. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify mRNA levels of periostin and TGF-β. TGF-β1 neutralizing antibod...


The blood oxygen capacity of the rainbow trout has been investigated as a function of thermal acclimation in terms of erythrocyte abundance, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentrations, and mean erythrocytic volume and hemoglobin content. Fish at the lower acclimation temperatures employed (3, 7 C) were characterized by relatively low erythrocyte counts, hematocrits, and hemoglobin levels. Mean erythrocyte volumes tended to be relatively high, whereas mean erythrocytic hemoglobin content was somewhat below that typical of the higher temperature groups. In general, animals held at intermediate temperatures (11, 14, 17 C) showed significant increases in oxygen-carrying capacity by comparison with cold-acclimated fish. Finally trout at 21 C typically had larger numbers of somewhat smaller red cells, more hemoglobin, and higher levels of hemoglobin per erythrocyte than either the low- or intermediate-temperature fish. Significant differences were observed between summer and fall–winter series of trout, part...


The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the attitudes of primary school students towards physical education and game lesson and their attachment to school levels. The correlational survey method was used in this study. 3249 primary school students studying at primary schools in Mersin in the 2022-2023 educational year make up the sampling of this study. The sample group was chosen through simple random sampling. Personal Information Form, School Attachment Scale for Children and Teenagers (ASS-CT), and Attitude towards Physical Education and Sports Scale were used as data collection tools. Descriptive statistics, average, frequency, t-test, ANOVA; Tukey, and Spearman Correlation analysis to identify the relationship between two scales were used in data analysis. It was found out that primary school students have positive attitudes towards physical education and game lesson, that they like participating in physical activities and games and they would like more time to be allocated for them in programs, and that there is a high-level positive relationship between students' attitude towards physical education and game and attachment to school.  Article visualizations:


The present invention relates to a solar cell for electroplating a substrate carrier means, the carrier means comprising a substrate supporting portion of the receiving means and the panel portion connected to the substrate transfer. The present invention comprises: at least two clips mounting bar, said mounting clip two levers are disposed vertically across at least a portion of the panel and includes an insertion hole formed in an upper end portion of the rod at the upper end of the stationary unit, the clip the lower end portion of the rod is inserted into the mounting hole defined in the lower end of the rod in the stationary unit, and said upper portion is connected by a spring member fixed to the upper end of the lever means, and the clip mounting stem when subjected to an elastic force of the spring member rotating in the bore; a plurality of clips mounted rod is disposed at a predetermined distance in the clamp, by mounting the rotary lever clip, the clip of the plurality of clips to determine the point of contact with the substrate is formed and closed state release substrate in contact with the clip open state; and a substrate receiving area, the substrate receiving area between the clip mounting posts disposed on the planar surface of the panel portion, the panel substrates in the receiving region and repeatedly provided with a substrate support member disposed edge guide and the substrate surface for supporting the substrate on a flat surface portion.


Treatment of mice with colchicine or trimethylcolchicine acid methyl ether prior to irradiation caused an increase in bone marrow cellularity which was apparent 3 days after LD5 irradiation; no significant increase in granulocyte counts 3 to 4 days after irradiation; a relatively small but significant increase in lymphocyte counts 3 to 4 days after irradintion; an advance in the time of recovery of granulocyte counts consistent with the effect on survival, which was equivalent to a mean dose-reduction of 180 rads; and a similar advance in the time of recovery of lymphocyte counts.


Mechanical forces shape physiological structure and function within cell and tissue microenvironments, during which cells strive to restore their shape or develop an adaptive mechanism to maintain cell integrity depending on strength and type of the mechanical loading. While some cells are shown to experience permanent plastic deformation after a repetitive mechanical tensile loading and unloading, the impact of such repetitive compression on plastic deformation of cells is yet to be understood. As such, the ability to apply cyclic compression is crucial for any experimental setup aimed at the study of mechanical compression taking place in cell and tissue microenvironments. Here, we demonstrate such cyclic compression using a microfluidic compression platform on live cell actin in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells. Live imaging of the actin cytoskeleton dynamics of the compressed cells was performed for varying pressures applied sequentially in ascending order during cell compression. Additionally, recovery of the compressed cells was investigated by capturing actin cytoskeleton and nuclei profiles of the cells at zero time and 24 h-recovery after compression in end point assays. This was performed for a range of mild pressures within the physiological range. Results showed that the phenotypical response of compressed cells during recovery after compression with 20.8 kPa differed observably from that for 15.6 kPa. This demonstrated the ability of the platform to aid in the capture of minute differences in cell behaviour as a result of being compressed at various pressures in physiologically relevant manner. Differences observed between compressed cells fixed at zero time or after 24 h-recovery suggest that SKOV-3 cells exhibit deformations at the time of the compression, a proposed mechanism cells use to prevent mechanical damage. The extent of recovery of compressed cells, inferred by imaging cell membrane bulges and actin cytoskeleton and measuring the shape descriptors of cell nuclei, can give insights into the plasticity of cancer cells. Thus, biomechanical responses of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells to sequential cyclic compression and during recovery after compression could be revealed in a flexible microdevice. As demonstrated in this work, the microfluidic platform could control the strength and duration of cyclic compression, while enabling the observation of morphological, cytoskeletal and nuclear changes and recovery in compressed cells, thus providing a powerful new tool for the study of mechanobiological processes in cancer and cell biology.


This article describes a highly successful proprietary method of constructing large concrete boxes underneath existing railway or highway infrastructure to provide new underbridges. The method is described in detail using illustrated diagrams and explains the anti-drag system (ADS) and the shield configuration and design which must provide adequate support to the tunnel face at all times. The importance of good ground conditions and any necessary improvements are stressed, plus the problem of surface settlements which to a large degree can be controlled. Two example projects are given: (a) Underbridge beneath M1 Motorway, Northamptonshire, UK and (b) Underbridges beneath railway tracks, Boston, USA.


In this paper, we explore the increasingly significant role of human capital in regional development by presenting a number of hypotheses about the nature and extent of regional occupational specialization and exploring these with data analysis on national trends and on the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. Nationally, we find that a region's occupational mix cannot be mapped simply from its industrial mix – most occupations are quite diversified across industrial sectors and have shifted over the past decade from concentrations in manufacturing toward services, a pattern particularly strong for the high tech occupations. For our case study region, we find occupational specialization to be significant, changing over time, and not predictable on the basis of past specialization, confirming the potential for an economic development approach that creates and attracts human capital as well as firms/employers. We conclude that economic development specialists would do well to spend greater efforts on investigating the generation and locational determinants of worker locational choice and on enhancing the attractiveness of regions to select occupations. We also suggest a methodology, similar to industrial targeting in some ways but unique in others, for targeting occupations at the regional level.


Data collection can provide services and convenience for people, but disclosure of personal privacy during data collection can be harmful. So, it is needed to protect personal privacy while collecting data. Randomized response is a reliable privacy-preserving technique. For multi-dimensional data, the most direct mechanism is RR-Independent, which applies randomized response on each attribute independently. After applying the RR-independent mechanism, the joint distribution of perturbed data needs to be modified in order to be close to that of input data better. Two estimation methods of joint distribution, Naive estimation and Castell estimation, are studied in this paper. Then, we propose a sufficient and necessary condition for the two estimations to be equal. In addition, a mathematical study shows that Castell estimation is closer to the original distribution of data than that of Naive estimation if the condition is not satisfied. Finally, numerical experiments are carried out to show that Castell estimation is better than Naive estimation and the results obtained by the two protocols in the paper are consistent.


Congestive heart failure (CHF) remains a leading cause of mortality, with arrhythmic sudden death implicated in ≈50% of deaths. Action potential (AP) prolongation is a consistent finding in patients and animal models with CHF. Plasma norepinephrine concentration elevation predicts outcomes in CHF, and β-blockers reduce CHF mortality. Reduced slow delayed-rectifier potassium K-current (I Ks ) is a particularly common and important finding in CHFrelated remodeling. Reduced I Ks impairs repolarization and promotes arrhythmogenesis, as classically seen with mutations of the underlying subunits potassium voltagegated channel subfamily E member 1 (KCNE1) and potasMolecular Medicine


It is helpful to understand George Eliot as a 'woman of letters' whose literary work extends beyond the novel, even fiction. The considerable variety of formats and range of genres of which Marian Evans/George Eliot availed herself between 1840 and 1880 are directly related to the coincidence of her lifespan with the efflorescence of the press. This article examines the trajectory of her career through three networks of print production: that of the Brays in Coventry, including Charles Bray and his newspaper in which Marian Evans published early work, and his family, Cara Bray and Sara Hennell with whom she made close emotional and literary bonds; that of John Chapman and his publishing and periodical circles in London, where she was afforded a unique opportunity to edit in its office one of the famous quarterlies of the day, the Westminster Review,  and to read, meet and edit its contributors and their work; and lastly, the network of George Henry Lewes, her partner in life and work, whose range of journalism and publications — including fiction, drama, science, and  criticism of German literature offered her access to reliable advice, wide experience, and contacts with editors, publishers, and authors across the literary spectrum.


Denial of Service (DoS) attacks have proven to be a challenging issue for the Internet community. We present a novel approach, active ingress monitoring (AIM), to effectively isolate DoS attacks that use randomly forged source IP addresses. Unlike the existing approaches, AIM reduces the computational overloads by executing the monitoring and filtering operations on selected packet streams only when needed. In addition, our scheme does not require complicated requirements or mandatory participation from every individual network in the Internet. AIM is based on the active networks environment and operates in the network layer based on passive traffic monitoring.


Objective To survey dental visit behavior of preschool children and analyze the factors influencing occurrence of the behavior. Methods A self-designed questionnaire based on modified Venham's child behavior checklist were used to investigate dental visit behavior among 246 preschool children. Significant influence factors were selected by single fac-tor variance analysis, and using the logistic regression equation for further analysis. Results 186 cases among 246 preschool children have the problems of dental visit behavior(75.61%).The younger the age, the greater the possibility of the behavior occurred in the treatment process, and trauma, periapical periodontitis were the main risk factors of the behavior. Conclusion Preschool children generally do not cooperate with their dental treatment,more attention should be paid, especially for the children with trauma, periapical periodontitis.


A presymptomatic familial carrier of CreutzfeldtJakob disease (CJD) returned to our 250-bed acute care community hospital for repeat lumbar laminectomy. Originally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention approach was used to manage the instruments in a high-risk patient undergoing a potentially high-risk procedure. On repeat scheduling for laminectomy, we assumed the possibility of CJD infectivity and set aside the used instruments for future use on this patient only.


In that work the main object is GaP single nanowires. Waveguiding properties of these nanostructures are studied both numerically and experimentally. We calculated single GaP nanowire guided modes for different wavelengths (405, 532, 632, 802 nm) and various diameters of the structure with the step of 10 nm. To supplement the numerical study, we provided single nanowires optical analysis with illumination of one of the end facets with the help of lasers with wavelengths mentioned above. Comparing modelling and experimental data, waveguiding cut-off due to asymmetry and small cross section of the waveguides is evaluated.


We demonstrate a bright field microscopy technique by phase conjugation and double transmission of a coherent light source. We achieve all-optical contrast enhancement and aberration reduction. Preliminary experimental results are shown for microscopic biomaterial.


Aegista Albers, 1850 is a large genus of the land snail family Camaenidae Pilsbry, 1895 and distributed in south, southeast and east Asian countries (from India and Nepal to Korea and Japan). Fourteen species and subspecies of Aegista are known from South Korea. They were described, based only on shell morphology during 1887–1943 and our knowledge on diversity of Korean Aegista has seldom been updated since then. In this study, we provide the report on the first molecular investigation of diversity of Aegista in South Korea, which unmasked some of overlooked diversity of this group.


Classification of bi-anisotropic media based on the structure of magnetoelectric coupling dyadics is proposed. It appears that the most general bi-anisotropic media can be modeled as composites of only a few basic idealized elements: for reciprocal materials, these elements are uniaxial helices and "hats," and in the case of non-reciprocal media, the fundamental particles are Tellegen elements (coupled electric and magnetic dipoles). In particular, it is shown that some composites with omega-shaped conductive inclusions embedded in an isotropic dielectric matrix can be considered as media with equivalent phantom chiral particles. Also, the mechanism is analyzed of the bi-anisotropic material based on magnetostatic-wave resonators.


The Currency Board (CB) is a particular monetary regime combining legally set fixed exchange rate and full coverage of domestic currency by highly liquid holdings in a stable reserve currency with an explicit relinquishment of active monetary policy by national monetary authorities aiming at enhancing and making this commitment more credible. It exhibits the theoretical functioning of an automatic mechanism linking the performances of the domestic economy as represented by the balance of pay men ts dynamics providing reserve currency to the Currency Board and the money supply dynamics based on it. In the short-run such a political decision largely contributes to stabilisation policies and exhibits significantly positive results in fighting injlation, rejlating economic activity and setting hard budget constraints to all economic agents. Although it is often related as the hardest of all pegs, it is argued here that it is but a mere monetary substitution of external to domestic currency thus breaking the necessary or even vital link provided by the monetary procedure, as a relation between the monetary product and the economic behaviour of economic agents. Therefore the CB introduces a relative-price distortion through a continuous real exchange rate appreciation. It consists therefore in hiding and postponing economic troubles amplified by the necessity of an exit strategy towards discretionary managed monetary policy by the Central Bank or dollarization / euroization and total dependence on foreign discretionary monetary policy.


C atatonia is a motor dysregulation syndrome of acute onset that is marked by stupor, mutism, negativism, refusal of food, posturing, rigidity, and repetitive speech and movement. It follows a mild systemic illness, more often in the young. Some forms are malignant with high fever, delirium, tachycardia, hypertension, and sweating, occasionally leading to death. For all the 20th century, in each revision of the classification of psychiatric disorders, catatonia has only been designated as a type within the poorly conceived concept of ''schizophrenia''. Effective treatments for catatonia, sedative anticonvulsant agents and induced seizures (electroconvulsive therapy [ECT]), were developed in the 1930s. Although they were dramatically effective for catatonia, they offered little benefit for schizophrenia. The diagnostic limitation of catatonia only as a type of schizophrenia blocked catatonic patients from effective treatments. Indeed, prescribing neuroleptic drugs for catatonic patients not only offered inadequate treatments but also subjected them to the risks of precipitated malignant catatonia labeled ''neuroleptic malignant syndrome.'' The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), divorce of catatonia from schizophrenia benefits both patients and clinicians. Catatonia was delineated by the German psychiatrist Karl Kahlbaum from among the patients in his sanitarium in 1874. He described 26 case examples in a small book titled ''Die Katatonie oder das Spannungsirresein''V''Catatonia or the tension insanity''. Catatonia was described in patients with thought, mood, and speech disorders and those having the systemic diseases of tuberculosis, neurosyphilis, and epilepsy. Patients were unusually fearful and anxious. He did not connect the syndrome to psychosis or dementia. Psychiatrists in Europe and the United States, with Kahlbaum's descriptions in hand, quickly recognized similar cases. In1893, Emil Kraepelin, then devising a grand classification scheme for behavior and mood disorders, incorporated Kahlbaum's catatonia as a specific marker for ''dementia praecox.'' Although Kraepelin recognized catatonia in patients having manic-depressive insanity, he pigeonholed catatonia as a principal diagnostic sign of dementia praecox only. When Eugen Bleuler reshaped dementia praecox into ''schizophrenia'' in his 1911 textbook, catatonia remained its main sign. Although the subsequent literature reflected 2 points of view, catatonia as an independent clinical syndrome and as a singular sign of schizophrenia, the first official diagnostic classification by a committee of the American Psychiatric Association in 1952 cited catatonia only as a type of schizophrenia. Official revisions of the classification in 1968 and 1980 as well as the World Health Association's International Classifications of Diseases followed suit. For almost all the decades of the 20th century, catatonia has been regarded as a form of schizophrenia, and patients were prescribed interventions deemed effective for that illness. In the 1970s, clinicians increasingly reported catatonia in patients with depressive and manic mood disorders, the epilepsies, and in systemic medical disorders. Catatonia was only occasionally recognized as a unique syndrome, and by 1981, the question was raised, ''where had all the catatonics gone?'' The answer was complex, based in large part on the hiding of catatonia within schizophrenia and in part on the speed with which the signs of catatonia were resolved by available treatments. By 1930, injections of sodium amobarbital quickly relieved catatonia, and clinicians working in acute psychiatric centers aborted catatonia as soon as it was identified. In 1934, the acute benefit of induced seizures to relieve catatonia was demonstrated, and by the 1940s, electrically induced seizures (ECT) became the almost universal treatment of the severe psychiatric ill, especially those with catatonia. Soon after potent neuroleptic drugs were introduced to clinical use in the 1950s, a neurotoxic syndrome was recognized with dominant signs of catatonia accompanied by high fever, hypertension, and tachycardia, occasionally progressing to death. Labeled the ''neuroleptic malignant syndrome,'' the first reports hazarded treatments based on the belief that neuroleptic drugs inhibited the brain's GUEST EDITORIAL


Hydraulic resistance of floodplain flows depends on the drag exerted by the plants, which for natural vegetation, depends on biomechanical and structural properties as well as foliage. However, until today, most studies related to the estimation of flow resistance of emergent vegetation have been carried out under idealised conditions using cylindrical roughness elements, regular element spacing, etc. Only few studies focused on the influence of the leaf mass distribution on flow resistance and the flow field. In this study, preliminary results of a study are presented, in which direct and simultaneous measurements of drag forces exerted by artificial flexible elements with different leaf mass are used to investigate the influence of leaf mass on drag forces, flow resistance, and the flow field. The results are discussed with respect to flexibility, vertical leaf mass distribution and hydraulics.


Conspicuous political behavior is when one in charge makes a parade of the power in order to satisfy one's vanity.Such a behavior is often shown by virtue of political rituals and campaigns,or by constructing facilities in material forms.Motives for conspicuous political behaviors are revealed in this paper in three respects: 1) individual psychology such as the dissimilation of personality and self-esteem;2) mentality rooted in sociology and culture such as the typical Chinese concept of "face",worship of power;3) the effects of political system on officials such as the achievement assessment and promotion.


This article examines the role in Irish politics of parties other than the three "permanent" ones with a view to filling a recognised gap in political research. Minor parties are grouped into four loose categories on the basis of comparative studies of party systems: nationalist, agrarian, left-wing and right-wing parties. Following a profile over a 67-year period, the characteristics of minor parties are examined. The most important category in electoral terms, that of agrarian parties, consists mainly of parties that sought to mobilise the electorate on a new, alternative political issue. Nationalist and left-wing parties, by contrast, typically sought to challenge existing parties on traditional issues, alleging that the latter had deserted the causes they had originally claimed to serve. The right-wing category consists of parties which related in more diverse ways to the established party system: some sought to mobilise voters on alternative political issues, some sought to publicise a cause even if there was little prospect of electoral success (a type of motivation also to be found in the nationalist and left-wing categories) and some constituted essentially machinery of convenience for individuals. he sudden entrance onto the Irish political stage of the Progressive Demo- A cratic Party in 1987 and its more recent role in altering the pattern of Irish government formation draw attention to the series of minor political groups which have appeared at crucial periods in the state's history and many of which have, at least temporarily, held a pivotal position. As most published research into Irish political parties to date has focused on the fortunes of the country's three major or "permanent" parties, it is the object of this article to attempt to fill part of the gap that remains by documenting the appearance and decline of minor parties since 1922 and by attempting to interpret them within the more general framework of the comparative study of political parties. As the more important of these parties have already been described in some detail (Manning, 1972, pp. 85-109; Gallagher, 1985, pp. 93-120), *I am indebted to the Funding and Research Committee of the former National Institute for Higher Education, Limerick, for financial assistance towards the preparation of this article, and to Michael Gallagher, Brian Girvin, Brigid Laffan,Thomas Lyne and Cornelius O'Leary for comments on an earlier draft. I INTRODUCTION


Objective:To study the mechanism of the multidrug resistance(MDR) of human SACC/DDP cell line by detecting the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein(MRP).Methods:SACC cell line was exposed to 1μg/ml of DDP for 48 h every month and the cell line of SACC/DDP was established six months later.Immunohistochemical SP and Western blot were taken to examine the expression of MRP in SACC and SACC/DDP and RT PCR was taken to test the expression of MRP mRNA in SACC and SACC/DDP.Results:The expression of MRP and MRP mRNA in SACC/DDP was apparently higher than that in SACC(P0.01).Conclusion:The expression of MRP in SACC/DDP was higher than that in SACC,which maybe the mechanism of MDR in human SACC/DDP cell line.


The oxidation of substituted 4H-thiopyrans on a rotating platinum disk electrode with a ring in acetonitrile was accomplished for the first time. It was established that the dehydrogenation of both tri- and pentasubstituted thiopyrans proceeds via a scheme involving the successive transfer of an electron, a proton, and an electron (an EPE process); 4H-thiopyrans are oxidized more readily than the corresponding oxygen analogs.


The absorption of oxygen in water-silicone oil emulsions was studied in laboratory-scale bubble reactors at constant gas flow rate for the whole range of emulsion compositions (0-10% v/v). The volumetric mass transfer coefficients to the emulsions were experimentally measured using a dynamic absorption method. It was assumed that the gas phase contacts preferentially the water phase. It was found that addition of silicone oil hinders oxygen mass transfer compared to air-water system. Decreases of kLa up to 25% have been noted. Such decreases of the oxygen mass transfer coefficient which imply longer aeration times to transfer oxygen could represent a limiting step for biotechnological processes strongly depending on oxygen concentration. Nevertheless, as the large affinity of silicone oil for oxygen makes possible to increase the amounts of oxygen to be transferred from the gas phase, it appears that addition of more than 5% silicone oil should be beneficial to increase the oxygen transfer rate.


We describe a practical approach towards simulation in the course of IN-software development. Simulation is justified by the following facts. (i) A substantially reduced software development cycle is possible. Analysis and prediction of the development outcome during the design phase is an important issue to fulfil rapid software engineering requirements. (ii) The number and the performance of each component/node is steadily increasing. This implies increasing costs for providing a physical test environment. Preliminary testing performed via simulation can reduce the test time and therefore reduce the time to reserve these physical resources. (iii) Some configurations (e.g. 2000 SSF nodes) are beyond reasonable limits for providing a physical test environment at all (even if test drivers can be used).


The French are well known for their lack of interest in foreign affairs. International issues were hardly addressed during the presidential campaigns of 1965, 1969, and 1974, with the notable exception of the 1981 election where foreign policy played a specific part. Why?
 From 1979 onwards, the reawakening of cold war tensions gave international relations a dramatic turn. Politicians, journalists, political commentators and the public opinion expressed a growing concern through discourses, articles and opinion pools. It also impacted the candidates' popularity. President Valery Giscard d'Estaing, in line with the gaullist tradition of cooperation with the Communist countries, was loosing the support of the public opinion. Moreover, his detente policy directly contradicted with his parallel efforts to strengthen the Franco-German cooperation and the transatlantic relationship, and to resist the deployment of Soviet ballistic missiles in Eastern Europe.
 Foreign policy, a prerogative and a major asset of the President, became a political flaw, his competitor Francois Mitterrand took advantage of. The socialist candidate —whose credibility was not affected by being a long time opponent and an ally of the French Communist Party, benefited from the right-wing anti-Giscard and anti-communist campain as well as from the scathing communist attacks whose main effect was to reassure the average citizen. If opinion polls provide more information about the intentions than about the motivations of the voters, nonetheless discourses and the press comments make it possible to represent the opinion of the French population as the campaign went on. The ussr aggressive policy revived the bad days of the Cold War and led to increasing hostility against communism but also against the African policy of the incumbent President. This appeasement and consensual foreign policy caused Valery Giscard d'Estaing to lose much of his political support.


Substituted benzimidazoles have been shown to exhibit a diversified biological activities. Many compounds containing this heterocyclic nucleus are of either industrial or biological importance. Similarly, 2-mercapto-1H-benzimidazole and its derivates have also been reported to have potent biological activities. Such as antihelmintics and antibacterial and antiviral as well as anticancer activities. These structures mimics like purine bases in deoxy ribonucleic acids and ribonucleic acids. In our ongoing research programme, we are interested in synthesizing 2-(2methoxyethylsulfanyl)benzimidazole nucleosides as probable anticancer agents.


Abstract Objective: This review aimed to identify proper respiratory-related sample types for adult and pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), respectively, by comparing performance of Xpert MTB/RIF when using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), induced sputum (IS), expectorated sputum (ES), nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs), and gastric aspiration (GA) as sample. Methods: Articles were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, and Ovid from inception up to 29 June 2020. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated, each with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Quality assessment and heterogeneity evaluation across included studies were performed. Results: A total of 50 articles were included. The respective sensitivity and specificity were 87% (95% CI: 0.84–0.89), 91% (95% CI: 0.90–0.92) and 95% (95% CI: 0.93–0.97) in the adult BAL group; 90% (95% CI: 0.88–0.91), 98% (95% CI: 0.97–0.98) and 97% (95% CI: 0.95–0.99) in the adult ES group; 86% (95% CI: 0.84–0.89) and 97% (95% CI: 0.96–0.98) in the adult IS group. Xpert MTB/RIF showed the sensitivity and specificity of 14% (95% CI: 0.10–0.19) and 99% (95% CI: 0.97–1.00) in the pediatric ES group; 80% (95% CI: 0.72–0.87) and 94% (95% CI: 0.92–0.95) in the pediatric GA group; 67% (95% CI: 0.62–0.72) and 99% (95% CI: 0.98–0.99) in the pediatric IS group; and 54% (95% CI: 0.43–0.64) and 99% (95% CI: 0.97–0.99) in the pediatric NPA group. The heterogeneity across included studies was deemed acceptable. Conclusion: Considering diagnostic accuracy, cost and sampling process, ES was a better choice than other sample types for diagnosing adult PTB, especially HIV-associated PTB. GA might be more suitable than other sample types for diagnosing pediatric PTB. The actual choice of sample types should also consider the needs of specific situations.


A novel W/TiN/pn-poly-Si gate structure has been developed for merged memory and logic LSIs by using sub-quarter micron pn-poly-Si gate CMOS devices. Low-resistance and thermally stable tungsten (W) films were obtained by 5-nm titanium nitride (TiN) film between tungsten film and poly-Si film. This W/TiN/poly-Si gate electrode has a good heat resistance after RTA process at 1000/spl deg/C for 10 seconds. 0.22-/spl mu/m W/TiN/pn-poly-Si gate CMOS devices without interdiffusion through the gate electrode were fabricated by using a simultaneous gate and source/drain (SD) doping process.


The utility model relates to a non-ironing fabric which still has good crease-resisting effect on the premise that resin finishing agent is not used for tidying, so as to solve the problems that the traditional fabric is easy to wrinkle and deform and is hard to tidy after being washed by water. The non-ironing fabric is formed by weaving warp and weft yarns, and the non-ironing fabric is characterized in that: the warp yarn is glazed polyester filament yarn and the weft line is cotton yarn. The warp line of the non-ironing fabric is the glazed polyester filament yarn, so as to lead the fabric surface effect to be smooth; the weft yarn is made of elastic fiber cotton yarn, so as to have hand feeling effect of cotton textile and have self-rebounding ability; therefore, the non-ironing fabric has good shape memory function and has special non-ironing effect.


Epidemics and pandemics have been recurrent in history. One of the worst pandemics in the modern history was the 1918 H1N1 flu ("Spanish flu") that claimed the lives of an estimated 50 million people globally [1].


Work peculiarities of heat and power gas-turbine plant of new generation using active magnetic bearings and the thyristor frequency shifter are considered in the article. Also the question of application of light energy as a reserved energy source is touched upon.


AbstractThe identity of Pohlia flexuosa Harv. with P. muyldermansii Wilcz. & Dem. is established. Recent gatherings from several Asiatic countries demonstrate that material of P. flexuosa occurs with propagula identical with those of P. muyldermansii var. muyldermansii, of var. pseudomuyldermansii Arts, Nordhorn-Richter and Smith and with a mixture of both and intermediate types of propagulum; var. pseudomuyldermansii cannot therefore be upheld as distinct. It is postulated that P. flexuosa has been introduced into Europe in two distinctive clones.


In March 1995, 44 land‐based recorders were deployed throughout Tasmania, SE Australia, to record seismic energy from an encircling array of marine normal‐incidence reflection shot lines. We invert refraction and wide‐angle reflection traveltimes for crustal structure, with the principal outcome being a map of the Tasmanian Moho. Key tectonic inferences from this map include: (1) the Arthur Lineament metamorphic belt in NW Tasmania overlies a major change in crustal thickness (over 5 km) and probably represents the NW limit of deformation in Tasmania during the Mid‐Late Cambrian Tyennan Orogeny, (2) thickening of the crust beneath central northern Tasmania may be associated with the juxtaposition of the Eastern and Western Tasmania Terranes during the Mid‐Devonian Tabberabberan Orogeny, and (3) the difference in crustal thickness between the east and west coasts reflects the presence of differing strain regimes during the Cretaceous break‐up of Gondwana.


The Endocrine Society recently released new clinical practice guidelines recommending that all patients have their blood-glucose levels tested upon admission to the hospital, even if they haven't been diagnosed with diabetes.


Rhupus syndrome is a rare combination of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and is characterized by the presence of erosive arthritis together with symptoms and signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatoid arthritis has a worldwide prevalence of approximately in 0.5–1.0% of adult population and SLE prevalent in 20–150/100,000. It is discussed that the question of whether RA and SLE occur in the same patient, the so-called "rhupus," or whether any deforming and erosive disease might be integral to the arthritis of SLE


The aim of this bachelor thesis will be an analysis of the representation of Irish women in short stories. Both male and female Irish authors whose main protagonist is a woman are to be examined. Also included in the mix are Protestant and Catholic authors. The traditional role of women in Irish society as depicted in these stories (both in rural and metropolitan settings) will be scrutinized.


A growing concern over the issues of phytoremediation and its possible mechanisms towards increasingly serious heavy metal pollution makes this study to deal with some important questions focused on the mechanisms of Pb tolerance and hyperaccumulation in Pisum sativum L.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and TEM X-ray microanalysis were tandem used to analyze ultrastructural toxic effects and distribution pattern of Pb in organs and organelles of peas at concentrations of 50 mg/L and 200 mg/L Pb2+ as modest and serious stress,respectively.The results indicated that Pb might injure the membranous structures and all the organelles at different extents.The mechanisms of heavy metal resistance to some extent of Pisum sativum might involve the endurance of organelles,accumulation of roots,binding to cell walls,distribution in vacuoles and other possible behaviors at different levels.Fig 6,Ref 24


A breaker state monitoring system comprises a breaker, a breaker state monitoring module and a monitoring device. The breaker state monitoring module monitors switch on and break separating states or fault dropping out states of the breaker through movable components and parts of the breaker. The breaker state monitoring module transmits monitoring data to the monitoring device in a communication mode. The monitoring device monitors a plurality of breaker state monitoring module. According to the breaker state monitoring system, the quantity of arrangement of wires inside a feeder screen is reduced, the system is enabled to be concise in installation and convenient to maintain. And reliability of the system is improved. And at the same time, the breaker state monitoring system adapts to intelligentized and network development requirements of low-voltage apparatus.


The floatation reagent scheme for increase the concentrate grade and copper recovery of high arsenic content copper tin sulfide ore from Zhulin Mine is investigated by closed circuit test and using KM 109 as the collective frother The results show that the new reagent scheme is effective for reducing arsenic in copper concentrate, increasing concentrate grade and copper recovery The grade of copper concentrate and recovery of copper are increased by 1 12% and 3 63% respectively, and the content of arsenic in concentrate is decreased to 0 87% The kinds of reagents, feeding spots and reagents consumption by using new reagent scheme are less than that current one


An algorithm for arbitrarily minimizing the width of the interval which does not contain the solutions from the interval which contains the solutions of equations using nonlinear functions in which the dimension of the definition domain is greater than the dimension of the value range is proposed in this paper. In addition, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is shown using specific numerical examples. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(4): 39–44, 2002


SUMMARY We report a case of a 38.3 weeks first prengancy woman o 32 year old who comes to the emergency service because she referred a two day acute migraine headache of sudden appereance with spintherism and a loose of a part of the left visual field. She did not had convulsive seizures nor strength or sensitive looses. Blood pressure was incongruous with preeclampsia, and she did not have proteinuria. After reassuring about well fetal being she is studied by ophtalmologists and neurologist who diagnose an of upper-left quadrantapnosia due to a reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. NMR and angio-NMR show a cerebral infarction in the right back cerebral artery area. Because of the risk of an spontaneous start of birth labour and the need of salicilyc acid treatment we decided to finish the pregnancy practising an urgent caesarean section under general anesthesic with an excellent mother and fetal result.