Consider a scalar differential equation x˙=f(t,x),(t,x)∈I×R , where I is an open interval containing [0,T]. Assume that f(t, x) is continuous with a continuous derivative fx′(t,x) , and weakly concave (or weakly convex) in x for all t ∈ I, though strictly concave (or strictly convex) for some t ∈ [0, T]. It is well known that in this case there can be either no, one or two closed solutions; that is, solutions ϕ(t) for which ϕ(0) = ϕ(T) If there are two closed solutions, then the greater has a negative characteristic exponent and the smaller has a positive one. It is easily seen that this is equivalent to a statement on localization of closed solutions. It is shown how this statement can be generalized to systems of differential equations x˙_=f_(t,x_),(t,x_)∈I×Rn . The requirements are that the coordinate functions fj(t,x_) ) be continuous with continuous derivatives with respect to x1, x2, …,xn, that the fj are weakly concave (or weakly convex) in x_ , and that a certain condition pertaining to strict concavity (or strict convexity) is fulfilled. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 34C25, 34C12.


This study examined differences in peer and family role strain and use of coping strategies by gender and family structure using data from a sample of 203 eighth-grade early adolescents. Post hoc ANOVA results indicated significant differences among early adolescent males and females on level of role strain experienced as family members and in use of Social Support and Ventilation factors as coping strategies. Female adolescents experienced significantly greater family role strain than did males. Female early adolescents reported using Social Support significantly more often and Ventilation significantly less often than did their male counterparts. Data analysis also revealed that adolescents in single-parent families used Family Support to cope with stress significantly less often than did adolescents in two-parent families. The implications of these findings are identified and discussed and directions for future research are suggested.


This research aims to determine the effect of providing rough fish and pellets with optimal dosages on the Giant Trevally culture to produce the highest growth in Pangandaran floating net cages. This research was conducted in August 2019 to September 2019 with 60 days fish rearing. The method used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were A (0% rough fish and 100% pellets), B (25% rough fish and 75% pellets), C (50% rough fish and 50% pellets), D (75% rough fish and 25% pellets) and E (100% rough fish and 0% pellets). The effect of each treatment was tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA) F test at an interval of 5%; if there were significant differences then followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The parameters observed in this study included fish survival (SR), Daily Growth Rate (LPH), Feed Efficiency (EPP) and water quality at the study site. The results obtained from this study were the provision of rough fish in Giant Trevally was able to increase the Daily Growth Rate (LPH) and the Efficiency of Feeding (EPP) for Giant Trevally. The highest growth value in this study was in treatment E (with 100% rough fish and 0% pellets) with LPH of 3.01%, total weight of 109.47gr and EPP of 30.60%. Original Research Article Rostika et al.; AJFAR, 5(3): 1-7, 2019; Article no.AJFAR.54022 2


A plane graph G is entirely k-choosable if, for every list L of colors satisfying L(x) = k for x ∈ V(G) ∪ E(G) ∪ F(G), there exists a coloring which assigns to each vertex, each edge and each face a color from its list so that any adjacent or incident elements receive different colors. In this paper, we show that every plane graph G with maximum degree Δ ≤ 5 is entirely (Δ + 5)-choosable.


This thesis critically examines performance blocks among late arriving pianists. In particular, this thesis tests the potential of the Bio-aesthetic Approach to Musical Performance (BAMP) developed by Phil Cohen, in reducing established performance blocks through an exploratory methodology. BAMP is evaluated in terms of the performer's somatic and cognitive experiences in unblocking via the organization principle of sketch and test mode of verification. Specifically, this thesis considers the effectiveness of BAMP concepts in enhancing coherence in music performance---these include aesthetic order; cross-modal synchronization; expressive timing; homeokinesis; vocabulary; metaphoric imperative; paradoxical causality and delegated external I embodied conductor. Through a three-part research study---(1) case studies: one reflective, two participatory, and two observational; (2) a two-year case study with a late arriving pianist; and (3) interview studies with three career track concert pianists---a select number of tangible contributions to the formation of blocks have been examined. Effective unblocking processes have also been explored with late arriving pianists using concepts from BAMP. This study demonstrates that BAMP provides a useful perspective towards the study of musical performance blocks in late arriving pianists. The subtext of the research is to encourage researchers, performance analysts, and pedagogues to re-examine existing assumptions about appropriate methodology, pedagogical practices and approaches to musical performance


Spenser to Milton and the Romantic age -the eighteenth century by contrast has apparently seemed to students of the Platonic tradition quite barren ground. Only Professor Lovejoy's study of the great chain of being (in so far as he concerned himself with the Platonic elements in that concept) and Professor Bredvold's discussion of some Platonic tendencies in neoclassic aesthetic theory' record any considerable part of the history of Platonism from the demise of the Cambridge school to the close of the eighteenth century. Yet there was more. In particular, there was a continuous study of Plato, small at first but increasing toward the end of the century, which cannot be ignored by anyone who wishes to understand the re-emergence of Platonism as a literary influence in the Romantic age. For Romantic Platonism was not a sudden rebirth or an antiquarian return to the Platonizing literature of Spenser and the seventeenth century. It was rather the culmination of an interest in Plato which developed in the eighteenth century. Early in that century, of course, Plato's reputation was at a low ebb. Some indication of how greatly his fame had diminished may be seen in the fact that, although the Renaissance had produced about thirty editions and translations of his opera omnia, only one version of the whole works, an Italian translation, appeared between 1602 and the last years of the eighteenth century.2 For the implicit antagonism of the Baconian point of view and Locke's philosophy, together with explicit attacks delivered by Samuel Parker and Lord Bolingbroke,3 had driven Plato from his eminence as the divine philosopher to a position where he was ignored or even scorned by many eighteenthcentury minds. Yet even among the friends of the arch anti-Platonist Bolingbroke, who called Plato "the father of philosophical ying," there were two men who found congenial ideas in the dialogues. Pope, to be sure, knew little of Plato, and that at second hand.' But Jonathan Swift owned and annotated a copy of the three-volume Stephanus edition of


Previously open cell polyurethane foams have been made to be re-entrant, in that their cell ribs are inwardly bent, which results in the foam exhibiting a negative Poisson's ratio (1) . Untransformed control and transformed negative Poisson's ratio foams were cyclically loaded at various levels of pre-strain to determine their hysteresis behaviour, and from this, to elucidate their specific damping characteristics. Both untransformed and transformed foams exhibited non-linear hysteresis behaviour at high cyclic strains, regardless of their initial levels of pre-strain. The specific damping capacity of the transformed foam with extreme compressive pre-strain was higher than that of the untransformed foam. This effect was attributed to the rubbing of the inwardly buckled cell ribs of the transformed foam. The specific damping capacity varied with both the level of pre-strain and with the amplitude of cyclic strain about that level.


The molecular bonds formed in the two different atoms having different electro negativities, develop a dipole in the molecule. In mathematical point of view, each bond can be considered as a vector and the resultant vector is the molecular dipole. In the present studies, the miscibility of the substances is correlated with resultant vector value i.e. the dipole moment.


A smart card and a terminal capable of realizing machine card security authentication are disclosed; the card comprises a first interaction module which is used for being interacted with the terminal, a card-terminal interaction authentication module, a card locking module, an authentication key acquisition module, an algorithm package module and a data packet processing module; the authentication key acquisition module is used for instructing the card-terminal interaction authentication module to conduct machine card authorization when a received terminal mark after each startup is consistent with a formally stored terminal mark; when not consistent, the received terminal mark is temporarily stored, and the content of a key updating request message which is transmitted to a server is generated and then transmitted to the data packet processing module for package; when the decrypted key updating message content is received, an authentication key in the content is acquired and then used for updating the authentication key data which is stored in the card-terminal interaction authentication module, later the temporarily stored terminal mark is used for updating the terminal mark which is formally stored in the card, and finally the terminal is instructed to be restarted when the updating is successful. The invention can achieve security authentication.


Compared with the traditional Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) method,the Structural Similarity (SSIM) method can achieve better image assessment by measuring the SSIM between the reference image and the distortion image,but the structural information is not completely extracted.Based on SSIM method,the orientation information was further extracted and the Local Structural Orientation Similarity (LSOS) was proposed.Then,the LSOS method was incorporated with the existing SIExt algorithm and an image quality assessment method based on Structural Orientation Information (SOI) was presented.The experiments show that the SOI model can assess the distortion image more precisely than the SIExt and SSIM methods.


This paper presents two conceptual models of displacement transfer, reverse symmetry model and infinitely equal division model, based on the fault-bend folding theory. If the fault shape is held constant in the trend, then the distribution of slip magnitude, geometry of imbricate structures and its axial surface map all display reverse symmetry on the process of displacement transfer, as called reverse symmetry model in this paper. However, if the ramp height of thrust fault decreases gradually along its strike, the displacement is postulated to be equally and infinitely divided to every thrust that is formed subsequently, this kinematic process is described using infinitely equal division model. In both models, displacement transfer is characterized by the regular changes of imbricate thrusting in the trend. Geometric analysis indicates that the displacement transfer grads can be estimated using the tangent of deflective angle of hinterland structures. Displacement transfer is often responsible for the distortion and branching of the surface anticlines, especially in the region where the multi-level detachment structures is developed. We also present some examples from the frontal structures of the Southern Tianshan fold-and-thrust belt, Xinjiang, China. Displacement transfer between deep imbricate thrusts in the middle segment of Qiulitag anticline zone causes the Kuqatawu and Southern Qiulitag deep an-ticlines left-lateral echelon. The region, where these two deep anticlines overlap, is characterized by duplex structures, and extends about 18 km. The shallow anticline is migrated southward displaying obvious "S" form in this area.


T h e disciplines of history and political science have drifted apart. The epistemological differences that have always separated these two fields of study have become greater, but the contrasts are more marked in some areas than in others. Historians who study diplomatic history and political scientists who study international politics, despite some genuine differences, have always been engaged in a similar enterprise. Both have always been committed to a positivistic methodology in which claims have had to be supported by empirical data. In many other areas of study in history-areas that have grown in prominence-the relationship between argument and data has become increasingly attenuated. What is most notable about diplomatic history and international relations theory are not their differences, but their similarities with regard to subject matter and, in the end, commitment to objective evidence. The extent to which diplomatic history has been marginalized within the larger study of history is perhaps most remarkable. As the discipline of history has expanded its range of inquiry, an almost precisely complementary diminution of a sense of shared enterprise, or, in the customary jargon, a fragmentation of paradigms, has occurred. Traditional subjects-diplomatic history not the least-have been crowded out by the sheer volume of work in the broad new fields collectively known as "social history." In political science departments, international politics is still a major area of concern; in many history departments, the study of diplomatic history has virtually disappeared.


To describe the characteristics of callers accessing the first national smoking quitline in mainland China. The national quitline provides residents in mainland China with free telephone smoking cessation services. Of 8260 callers from December 1, 2009 to May 31, 2012, the study included 1049 callers


Introduction. The entire functions are so closely related with the theory of systems of partial differential equations with constant coefficients and of convolution equations (cf. [1], [27], [29]), that about 1950 a deep study of their properties seemed necessary to many mathematicians. Especially, the connection between the growth of entire functions and the growth of the sets of zeros appeared of great interest. For one variable, it is easy to deal with the Jensen formula and with the Weierstrass canonical products, in a very classical way. For several variables there is no trivial extension of the Weierstrass products but we are able to build entire functions with a given set of zeros and whose growth is connected with the growth of zeros. Working on these problems, the mathematicians were led to use more systematically tools of complex analysis as positive closed currents, plurisubharmonic functions, L estimates or integral methods for the d operator.


Treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has
undergone a significant evolution during the last two
decades. Currently, the progress is visible especially
in chemotherapy.


trade deficits in the USA and trade surpluses in Japan. Attempts were made to depreciate the dollar with coordinated interventions in foreign exchange markets in order to improve the trade imbalances. As a result, the dollar has depreciated and the yen has appreciated. However, any effects of the exchange rate changes on the trade imbalances has not yet appeared until recently. Recently, many economists2 have studied why the exchange rate changes cannot improve the trade imbalances. Some focus on a supply side of US economy: US domestic markets have structurally changed because foreign firms entered the markets with sunk costs during the period of overvalued dollar.3 A notable trend is the simplification by the US of the 'complicated' distribution systems in Japan to request Japan to open its markets and to improve the trade imbalances.4 This paper considers effects of exchange rate changes on domestic prices of imported commodities from the perspective of the distribution systems, especially importers' behavior. We can find that some imported manufactured commodities are imported both by a "sole import agent" and by the other importers. The former is called a regular import type and the latter is called a parallel import type. We focus on imported whisky which have both these type of import channels. In addition, it is the only imported manufactured commodity whose monthly data on both price indexes are available both at an import shipment stage and at a retail stage.


In the past few years we have seen many issues that have led to serious concerns on the river environment in Malaysia. Inadequate supplies of water in big cities and unexpected floods threatening human lives and property are some of these, and the image of Malaysia has been dampened because of this recurring problem. This paper discusses the results of efforts to clean-up Penchala river in Kuala Lumpur. The Penchala river is a tributary of the Klang river and passes through populous and important township of Damansara and Petaling Jaya City. Water quality with a special focus on the metals content measured by the Department of Environment of Malaysia will be the medium to assess the state of pollution conditions and thus the effectiveness of public participation, engineering and river works and regulation by government as proposed methods in the efforts to strive for a healthier Penchala river.


National education has not succeeded to the principles of "education for all" as outlined in the constitution. Already mentioned in the constitution, that Article 28 C Paragraph (1) which states, Everyone has the right to develop themselves through the fulfillment of basic needs, are entitled to education and to benefit from science and technology, arts and culture, for improving the quality of life and for the welfare of the people humans. Unfortunately this does not yet have a constitutional right to equal every citizen.


BACKGROUND
Medical education leaders have called for a curriculum that proactively teaches knowledge, skills, and attitudes required for professional practice and have identified professionalism as a competency domain for medical students. Exposure to palliative care (PC), an often deeply moving clinical experience, is an optimal trigger for rich student reflection, and students' reflective writings can be explored for professional attitudes.

OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to evaluate the merit of using student reflective writing about a PC clinical experience to teach and assess professionalism.

METHODS
After a PC patient visit, students wrote a brief reflective essay. We explored qualitatively if/how evidence of students' professionalism was reflected in their writing. Five essays were randomly chosen to develop a preliminary thematic structure, which then guided analysis of 30 additional, randomly chosen essays. Analysts coded transcripts independently, then collaboratively, developed thematic categories, and selected illustrative quotes for each theme and subtheme.

RESULTS
Essays revealed content reflecting more rich information about students' progress toward achieving two professionalism competencies (demonstrating awareness of one's own perspectives and biases; demonstrating caring, compassion, empathy, and respect) than two others (displaying self-awareness of performance; recognizing and taking actions to correct deficiencies in one's own behavior, knowledge, and skill).

CONCLUSIONS
Professional attitudes were evident in all essays. The essays had limited use for formal summative assessment of professionalism competencies. However, given the increasing presence of PC clinical experiences at medical schools nationwide, we believe this assessment strategy for professionalism has merit and deserves further investigation.


The presented work reports a study performed to introduce relativistic chemistry in basic (introductory) college chemistry classrooms. The study involved fifty students. It was verified that exploring the previous (high school) knowledge on special relativity, and introducing a simple equation, it is possible to explain the unexpected variations in covalent radius observed for groups 11, 12 and 18 heaviest elements. [African Journal of Chemical Education—AJCE 8(1), January 2018] AJCE, 2018, 8(1) ISSN 2227-5835


In this thesis, we present a new approach for parametric shape optimization in combination with material parameter optimization. The main novelty of the shape optimization method is the description of the admissible set. In contrast to 'classical' parametric shape optimization, where the boundary is (partially) represented by the graph of a function, we use a reference configuration, which we then deform. In the reference configuration, curves are used to describe the outer boundary and interfaces of a domain. To model the deformation, we again use curves, which are interpreted as an added displacement. We add a simple 'deformation constraint' that controls the amount of admissible deformation. This constraint also ensures topology preservation, i.e. all admissible deformed configurations have the same topology as the reference configuration, which is necessary to guarantee that the deformed boundary and interfaces still describe a domain and its partition. For cost functions depending on the solution of a linear elasticity problem, we extend the existence results from the classical shape optimization approach to our new method. We take a detailed look at the regularity of all admissible domains and present conditions to restrict the admissible set, which ensure the preservation of given regularity, e.g. uniform cone property or domains of class C, without losing the existence result. Using a finite element discretization for the state problem and a spline discretization of the curves in the admissible set together with a discretized version of the deformation constraint, we state a discretized optimization problem, which allows the convergence statement as known for the classical shape optimization approach. The method is extended by exchanging the static elasticity problem for the initial value problem of linear elastodynamics, and we transfer the existence and convergence statements to this transient setting. Furthermore, we present enhancements that allow this approach to be adopted for three dimensional problems. We present details of our numerical implementation, including a description of the admissible set using linear constraints for an efficient solution of the optimization problem and an extensive sensitivity analysis. The thesis concludes with several academic examples focusing on specific capabilities of the presented method and, finally, the application of the method to optimize a multi-layer silicone vocal fold model, which can be examined in a wind tunnel to better understand human phonation.


Sustainability is a concept much discussed today and has caused changes in the whole society,
more especially so in organizations, which must be aware that their actions can cause impacts
on society in general. It has sought new alternatives in order to ensure the survival of present
and future generations. Having a strategy for example environmental management being
included gradually in business with public policy, which has the responsibility to ensure
effective action, such as the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS), which deals with the proper
disposal of waste solids and their management, creating the need for organizations seek new
management tools such as reverse logistics, which enables the reuse of waste in the production
process by recycling as is the case of frying oil residue. And it can be used as raw material in
the manufacture of other products. Thus preventing their incorrect disposal and water pollution
and soil. Thus this research aimed to study the management strategies and the results for the
sustainability of a cooking oil collection program developed by an organization of Pernambuco,
therefore, as to the purposes, we used the descriptive typology qualitative and as the means to
literature, had the research strategy the single case study, documentary research, interviews and
direct observation as a data collection instrument. Thus concluding that from the chosen
strategies and the results found, the program meets the triple bottom line of sustainability.


Endocrine ophthalmoplegia is often associated with thyrotoxicosis. Only nine of the fifty patients reviewed by Brain (1959) had neither been nor were thyrotoxic. One may assume that the paresis results from thyrotoxic inyopathy. So far, electromyographic study of the external eye muscles has not afforded a consistent answer to this question. Some workers have interpreted the interference pattern of the electromyograni during maximum effort as a sign of myopathy (Schultz et al. 1960, 1-sslen k I'apst 1961, Huber 19(i5, Magora et al. 19(i8), others as a sign of mechanical obstacle to the motility of the eye ball (Breinin 1962). The occurrence of an interference pattern cannot, however, serve to distinguish between these possibilities. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether endocrine ophthalmoplegia is accompanied by other electroinyographic changes compatible with myopathy.


Understanding what contributes to the slowing down of COVID-19 in China is essential for other governments to better deal with the pandemic. Similar to their counterparts in the U.S. and the U.K., local public health authorities in China are responsible for monitoring infectious diseases and organizing the responses to public health emergencies. However they are not typically viewed as essential as China policymakers focus on economic growth. Only 38% of the heads of the public health departments of Chinese cities have a medical background. We find that cities with medical professionals as the head of public health departments had lower infection rates and death rates from COVID-19. The results were significant only at the start of the outbreak. Our results suggest to better combat a pandemic, local public health authorities should be led by competent people who have a medical background.


J after sunset on June 5, 1925, Dick Foinill jumped down from the bed of an oversized truck and touched his feet to the dusty Kansas soil for the first time. Foinill and twenty-four Navajos from near Tuba City, Arizona, had just completed a long journey crowded shoulder to shoulder into the bed of a pickup. For five days and four nights, they rode northeast from Tuba City through the mountains and high deserts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado. After arriving on the high plains of Kansas, Foinill and his companions worked there for two months. Ten hours a day, they stooped in the dreadful Kansas heat and humidity, topping and harvesting sugar beets. The labor would be performed under the auspices of the "outing program" of Sherman Institute, an Indian boarding school in Riverside, California.1 According to reformers, bureaucrats, and Indian schools administrators, such work would inculcate young Indians with the prerequisite qualities of racial "uplift": thrift, economy, and a willingness to work. All of this would be done for the wages of a migrant laborer. Torturously long days, shoddy living quarters, and inadequate food made employer-run living quarters hellish places on other farms that utilized migrant labor. This one would likely be much the same.2 Despite these looming challenges, Foinill awoke on his first morning in Kansas filled with excitement rather than dread. Before trudging out to the fields for the first time, he wrote a letter to his love interest back at Sherman


Brown, R. E. (1997). An introduction to the New Testament. Doubleday. Buford, T. O. (n.d.). Personalism. In J. Fieser & B. Dowden (Eds.), Internet encyclopedia of philosophy. https://iep.utm. edu/personal/ Burgos, J. M. (2018). An introduction to personalism. CUA Press. McNamara, P. (2020). Religion, neuroscience and the self: A new personalism. Routledge. Pinckaers, S. (2011). The pursuit of happiness – God's way: Living the beatitudes (M. T. Noble, Trans.). Wipf and Stock. (Original work published 1998) von Hildebrand, D. (2007). The heart. St. Augustine's Press. Wojtyla, K. (1993). Love and responsibility (H. T. Willets, Trans.). Ignatius Press. (Original work published 1981)


Fittings (41, 71) for catching tailfin of an aircraft in an area of the rear fuselage entirely made of a composite material comprising: a) a first part (43, 73) including lugs (45, 45 ?; 75, 75) catching tailfin and vertical walls (47, 47 ?; 77, 77) connecting the fitting (41, 71) to the frames (7)?; b) at least one pair of additional pieces (49, 49 ?; 79, 79?) including horizontal walls (51, 51 ?; 81, 81?) binding fitting (41, 71) to the coating (5). The fitting (71) for catching load inclined also comprises a second pair of parts (90, 90?) With an angular shape including vertical walls (93, 93?) Binding with tangs (75, 75?) . The invention also relates to methods of mounting said fittings (41, 71).


Summary A review of the uptake rate of diagnostic tests following a positive triple test was undertaken in the two maternity units of the Hull and East Yorkshire NHS Trust. In one unit, midwives were actively involved in counselling and in the other, counselling was performed by Consultant obstetricians. During the study period, there were 721 (7.1% positive rate) positive triple tests. Of these, 212 (29.4%) and 509 (70.6%) were counselled by midwives and Consultant obstetricians, respectively. There was no significant difference in uptake of amniocenteses or chorionic villous sampling with respect to the counsellor with an uptake of 60.4% in the midwife counselled group compared with 67.6% in the Consultant counselled group (p = NS). We believe the determinants of the uptake rate of a diagnostic test are patient centred if adequate counselling is provided. Midwives will continue to play a role in counselling and should be encouraged to do so to reduce the burden on obstetricians.


Inter-qubit coupling and qubit connectivity in a processor are crucial for achieving high fidelity multi-qubit gates and efficient implementation of quantum algorithms. Typical superconducting processors employ relatively weak transverse inter-qubit coupling which are activated via frequency tuning or microwave drives. Here, we propose a class of multi-mode superconducting circuits which realize multiple transmon qubits with all-to-all longitudinal coupling. These "artificial molecules" directly implement a multi-dimensional Hilbert space that can be easily manipulated due to the always-on longitudinal coupling. We describe the basic technique to analyze such circuits, compute the relevant properties and discuss how to optimize them to create efficient small-scale quantum processors with universal programmability.


Non-completion of equestrian competition by competitors may occur for a variety of reasons. However, limited work has been conducted to establish the likely factors causing non-completion. Non-completion by a competitor needs to be carefully considered within any overall analysis of competition data. Non-completing competitors within sporting competitions are potential complicating and confounding factors in the analysis of performance data (Whitaker and Hill, in press ). Within a population it is important to establish if there are systematic or nonrandom reasons for non completion; or whether non-completion is entirely a random event (Little and Rubin 1987). If systematic or nonrandom effects are occurring in competition they need to be considered carefully in the wider analysis of the whole population. This will include the application of appropriate statistical methods to the data sets. These may include such techniques as Regression Analysis, Approximate Bayesian Bootstrap, Hot Deck Method or Summary of Single Input Method ( ibid ).


Traditional design process modeling methods are analyzed and compared. A novel design process model based on synchronous mapping from weighted directed graph to design structure matrix (DSM) and polychromatic set is presented. In this model, the information related to design process analysis and reconfiguration is inherited from weighted directed graph to mixed DSM, and in the meantime the information concerned with task assignment and schedule is transferred from weighted directed graph to polychromatic set. The model integrates all information related, which makes it direct and convenient to operate in one model. It improves the efficiency and accuracy of concurrent design process planning and is suitable to be realized by computer. The algorithm based on the model is applied to design process planning for aircraft finish machining fixture. It proves that the algorithm is implemented rapidly and the result is rational.


UDDI is one of the key parts of grid performance and the platform that register and discovery service in heterogeneous distributed grid systems.Introducing the access control into the UDDI service,services will not be returned if user has no rights to access.The searching efficiency is enhanced,and the transmission of UDDI server is reduced.


Removal of noise from a single channel audio signal is becoming an increasingly important problem due to the proliferation of portable communication devices. Early methods of single channel noise suppression introduced artifacts that could be as annoying as the original noise. Substantial effort has been focused on more effective noise suppression with fewer artifacts, but many difficulties remain and the problems seem far from being solved. For example, nearly all noise suppression techniques actually reduce the intelligibility of the processed signal. This paper investigates the sources of some of the artifacts common with Wiener filtering and proposes a structure to mitigate or eliminate these artifacts and effectively reduce noise without adversely affecting intelligibility. Results of one implementation of such a structure demonstrate significant improvements both in speech recognition performance and perceived speech quality.


Detection of the set of centers of maximal disks is a key step toward generation of accurate skeletons on the basis of distance maps. Algorithms using approximate distance metrics are abundant and their theory has been well established. However, the resulting skeletons may be inaccurate and sensitive to rotation. In this paper, we study methods for detecting maximal disks from distance maps based on the exact Euclidean metric. We first show that no previous algorithm identifies the exact set of discrete maximal disks under Euclidean distance metric. We then propose new algorithms and show that they produce the exact set of maximal disks. The effectiveness of our algorithms is demonstrated with numerous examples.


Adopting Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) enables pervasive computing by integrating distributed healthcare infrastructures to enhance conventional medical services. Integrated healthcare systems store numerous encrypted electronic health records (EHR) on clouds that multiple users frequently access as per delegated access rights. Sharing any group of selected EHR within any group of users involving different encryption keys potentially heightens security and privacy concerns over inadvertent data leaks. This necessitates a searchable encryption mechanism in distributed IoT requiring secure multi‐user authorization and efficient searchable keys management with compact trapdoors. Contemporary state‐of‐the‐art protocols utilize large numbers of expensive encryption keys and keyword trapdoors while lacking secure multi‐user authorization and keyword untraceability on clouds. This motivates us to design a novel key‐aggregate searchable encryption protocol that jointly achieves multi‐user authorization and keyword untraceability for distributed IoT applications. Key‐aggregation reduces complexity in sharing (n)$$ (n) $$ documents by executing a stand‐alone trapdoor, while token‐based authorization allows keyword search only to legitimate data users. Additionally, secure dynamic indexing achieves keyword untraceability on clouds. Security analysis illustrates correctness and resilience against typical attacks. Performance and empirical analysis demonstrate a relative advantage in storage, communication, and computational costs while incorporating secure multi‐user authorization and keyword untraceability as additional security features.


Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) provide rapidly deployable and self-configuring network capacity required in many critical applications, e.g., battlefields, disaster relief and wide area sensing. In this paper we study the problem of efficient data delivery in sparse MANETs where network partitions can last for a significant period. Previous approaches rely on the use of either long range communication which leads to rapid draining of nodes' limited batteries, or existing node mobility which results in low data delivery rates and large delays. In this paper, we describe a Message Ferrying (MF) approach to address the problem. MF is a mobility-assisted approach which utilizes a set of special mobile nodes called message ferries (or ferries for short) to provide communication service for nodes in the deployment area. The main idea behind the MF approach is to introduce non-randomness in the movement of nodes and exploit such non-randomness to help deliver data. We study two variations of MF, depending on whether ferries or nodes initiate proactive movement. The MF design exploits mobility to improve data delivery performance and reduce energy consumption in nodes. We evaluate the performance of MF via extensive ns simulations which confirm the MF approach is efficient in both data delivery and energy consumption under a variety of network conditions.


Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with higher morbidity and poorer health behavior, despite higher rates of health service utilization (1). In a study of American children with diabetes, lower socioeconomic status was associated with poorer glycemic control and more hypoglycemic episodes (2). In an audit of 1,190 children with type 1 diabetes aged <15 years, we examined whether socioeconomic disadvantage or urban/rural location affect metabolic control in Australia, which has universal health insurance and subsidies for diabetes supplies.

Case attainment, based on the Diabetes Register, was 67% of all eligible children living in New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). There were 649 girls and …


Creating computer animation and art can be a very challenging process. Software programs used for these processes can be very large, complicated, and can have a steep learning curve. Not only that, but working with computers comes with a fair share of bugs and glitches. Both of these factors mean that creating art on computers requires research, practice, and a large amount of determination. This guide will hopefully alleviate some of that frustration for anyone reading it. My final year in the animation program at Ball State University consisted of building a portfolio of work for employers, all pieces of which came with their fair share of frustrations. This is a brief guide explaining how all of these projects were made. It will give a summary of all of the steps involved in the year's projects. I will share my experience working with these programs so that anyone reading this thesis can have the knowledge to get started in this field. Show full item record


In this paper, a doubly periodic array of inclusions in infinite plane matrix is studied for analyzing its effective elastic properties. A representative rectangular cell containing single inclusion is taken from the composites and then is investigated using the present hybrid finite element model to obtain numerical results of boundary tractions under the applied displacement boundary conditions. In the present numerical model, a general polygonal hybrid finite element with arbitrary number of sides is constructed by coupling the independent element interior and frame displacement fields. The element interior fields are approximated by the combination of fundamental solutions to prior satisfy the governing equation of the problem, so that the domain integral appeared in the weakform functional is converted into boundary integrals. Independently the element frame fields are approximated by the conventional shape functions to guarantee the continuity conditions across inter-element boundaries. Following this, the polygonal inclusion elements are designed to reduce mesh effort in the inclusion domain. Numerical tests are conducted for assessing the performance of the element model and it is found that the present method gives good accuracy as compared with the conventional finite element.


Early childhood teachers are often required to sing, which requires confidence. The purpose of the present study was to treat early childhood teachers who self-identified as uncertain singers using either a group singing (GS) approach, or a talking approach, based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The aim of the study was to increase measures of singing confidence. Forty teachers enrolled in the workshops and were assigned to either ACT or GS. Overall it was found that both ACT and GS resulted in significant improvements in singing confidence. Both interventions were similar on increased confidence measures and the GS outperformed ACT on an overall rating of improvement in self-perceived tone-deafness. We suggest that the interventions had benefits for participants through the group experience itself; that being prepared for music increased their confidence, and that gaining some knowledge of singing techniques led to a sense of empowerment. Implications and future research are discussed.


DIGITAL's VAX#8482; Adar is a validated, production-quality implementation of the full Ada language that is well-integrated into the VMS#8482; operating system environment on VAX systems. The programming support environment consists of an Ada compiler, an Ada program library manager, and a multi-language programming environment including a variety of tools which all work together. The Ada compiler has many features which allow full access to the underlying operating system and hardware and which permit the use of Ada in mixed language programs in the VAX/VMS Common Language Environment. The Ada program library manager provides Ada-specific features to reduce manual bookkeeping by programmers and to support programming projects. Some of the available multi-language tools include a source code tracking system, a language-sensitive editor, a symbolic debugger, a performance and test coverage analyzer, and a test system manager.


As plant roots and soil organisms absorb oxygen and evolve carbon dioxide, they alter the gaseous composition of their environment. Molecular diffusion of these two gases between soil and atmosphere opposes this change and for optimum plant growth it must provide for interchange at a sufficient rate to avoid deficits of oxygen and excesses of carbon dioxide limiting to plant growth. Diffusion of gases in soil depends on the amount and distribution of the air-filled pore space. Its sensitivity to moisture content depends on the pore-size distribution and hence the soil structure. Two phases may be recognized in soil aeration: (1) gases diffuse within the macro-pore spaces (usually air-filled at field capacity), and (2) they diffuse within the microstructure between crumb surface and root surface in both the gaseous and aqueous phases. This second phase is of importance in naturally cohesive soils where the size and internal geometry of natural peds and cultivated crumbs can determine the adequacy of aeration in the micro-environment of the root. Four soils from the continuous wheat plots of Broadbalk illustrate the importance of microstructure for which a possible index of quality is proposed.


This paper is the result of a qualitative research with theoretical-analytical support that aims to analyze the educational policies implemented by the Mexican Government, against the SARS-CoV-2 that causes the disease Covid-19, and which resulted in the period of social isolation. In particular, the documents and communications issued by the Secretariat of Public Education for basic education will be analyzed; as well as the effects of virtual platforms and digital resources available for the continuity of classes from home. It is concluded that there is a poor culture in Information and Communication Technologies on the part of the school population, that there are deficiencies in connectivity and availability of technology applicable to education, and that it is necessary to reconsider the current curriculum for basic education, as well as teaching practices, in order to focus on new educational models capable of facing not only a crisis like the current one, generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, but also as viable options for training for life, for citizenship and solidarity.


Data are distributed between different parties. Collecting data from multiple parties for analysis and mining will serve people better. However, it also brings unprecedented privacy threats to the participants. Therefore, safe and reliable data publishing among multiple data owners is an urgent problem to be solved. We mainly study the problem of privacy protection in data publishing. For a centralized scenario, we propose the LDA-DP algorithm. First, the within-class mean vectors and the pooled within-class scatter matrix are perturbed by the Gaussian noise. Second, the optimal projection direction vector with differential privacy is obtained by the Fisher criterion. Finally, the low-dimensional projection data of the original data are obtained. For distributed scenarios, we propose the Mul-LDA-DP algorithm based on a blockchain and differential privacy technology. First, the within-class mean vectors and within-class scatter matrices of local data are perturbed by the Gaussian noise and uploaded to the blockchain network. Second, the projection direction vector is calculated in the blockchain network and returned to the data owner. Finally, the data owner uses the projection direction vector to generate low-dimensional projection data of the original data and upload it to the blockchain network for publishing. Furthermore, in a distributed scenario, we propose a correlated noise generation scheme that uses the additivity of the Gaussian distribution to mitigate the effects of noise and can achieve the same noise level as the centralized scenario. We measure the utility of the published data by the SVM misclassification rate. We conduct comparative experiments with similar algorithms on different real data sets. The experimental results show that the data released by the two algorithms can maintain good utility in SVM classification.


Miscible displacement of one incompressible fluid by another in a porous medium is modeled by a coupled system of two partial differential equations in two dimensions. The pressure equation is elliptic, while the concentration equation is parabolic but normally covenction-dominated. They are approximated by a collocation method, and the existence and uniqueness of it' s solution are proved. Optimal order error estimate is demonstrated.


[1] Extreme sea levels due to storm surge and future sea level rise (SLR) in the year 2050 are estimated using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and extreme value analysis (EVA) based on long-term sea level records from Hiron Point (HP) on the coast of western Bangladesh. EEMD is an adaptive method that can detrend the nonlinear trend and separate the tidal motions from the original sea level records to reconstruct storm surge levels at HP. The reconstructed storm surge levels are then applied to EVA to obtain the extreme storm surges in the target return periods at a 95% confidence interval (CI). The 30, 50, and 100 year return levels at HP obtained by EVA are 1.59, 1.66, and 1.75 m. The SLR trend obtained from EEMD is 4.46 mm/yr over April 1990 to March 2009, which is larger than the recent altimetry-based global rate of 3.3 ± 0.4 mm/yr over the period from 1993 to 2007. The resulting SLR in 2050 is estimated as 0.34 m. Therefore, the extreme sea level in 2050 due to SLR and the storm surge at a 100 year return level would be 2.09 m (95% CI from 1.91 to 2.48 m). The SLR depends not only on changes in the mass and volume of sea water but also on other factors, such as local subsidence, river discharge, sediment and the effects of vegetation. The residual nonlinear trend of SLR obtained from EEMD can be regarded as an adaptive sea level after considering those factors and their nonlinearity.


(57) Abstract: Cosmetic composition comprising a hydroperoxide fluorocarbon compounds. R To the use of the cosmetic composition of a hydrofluorocarbon compound having the. The invention further sulfoxide and sulfone compounds, and to a cosmetic composition comprising a compound of the present invention.


The eighth in a new impact series summarizes the results of an evaluation that didn't go as planned. Nevertheless, the author believe there are lessons to be had from this experience for Bank and International Finance Corporation (IFC) finance and private sector work in other countries, and that it is important to not lose the information generated.


The present invention relates to field of cell culture, a kind of Chinese hamster ovary celI culture process that can reduce acidic variants content is disclosed.The present invention using different basal medium and enrichment medium in Chinese hamster ovary celI technique incubation by being added, acid peak level is reduced while expression of recombinant proteins amount can be improved, so as to improve quality, it is suitable to the large-scale production of antibody drug and business application, with preferable economic benefit.


Here, we have fabricated of LaPO4:Eu3+ doped and LaPO4/Eu2O3 core-shell nanocrystals using solution based methods. The morphologies, structure, formation mechanism, and photoluminescence properties of these nanocrystals are investigated in detail. The compressive and tensile lattice strains are obtained for hexagonal and monoclinic LaPO4 nanocrystals, respectively. Photoluminescence properties are found to be sensitive to the crystal phase, morphology, and core-shell structures. Judd–Ofelt parameters (Ω2) are calculated to understand the asymmetric nature of the dopant Eu3+ ion in LaPO4 nanocrystals host of various morphologies and crystal phases. It is seen that Ω2 value for nanorod (4.4×10−20 cm2) is higher than the nanoparticles (3.38×10−20 cm2). The quantum yield values increases from 28.27% to 52.4% by changing the crystal phase from hexagonal to monoclinic. The quantum yield of nanorods (58.50%) is higher than nanoparticles (28.68%).


We investigate almost minimal actions of abelian groups and their crossed products. As an application, given multiplicatively independent integers $p$ and $q$, we show that Furstenberg's $\times p,\times q$ conjecture holds if and only if the canonical trace is the only faithful extreme tracial state on the $C^*$-algebra of the group $\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{pq}]\rtimes\mathbb{Z}^2$. We also compute the primitive ideal space and K-theory of $C^*(\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{pq}]\rtimes\mathbb{Z}^2)$.


Literature sports theme provides the opportunity to learn about the history of the sport of every age or place with a great depth and richness. Another of its great virtues is to educate athletes or future teachers of physical education and sport. The link between literature and sport finds one of its greatest exponents in Cuba, so we consider of great interest the report as an important part of developing this research line.


Abstract. Factors that affect the transient effect on small duty-cycle pulse in a cascaded erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) system are studied in simulation and experiment. The considered factors consist of the numbers of cascaded EDFAs, the peak power and the extinction ratio of optical pulse, with results showing that the optical pulse will be severely distorted by the transient effect of EDFA. The distortion becomes more serious with the increase of the three parameters. To avoid or mitigate the transient effect, a method of adding another optical signal with a different wavelength to the objective pulse is employed in the experiment. The experimental results show that this method could effectively restrain the transient effect in a cascaded EDFA system.


The goal of this book is not only to discuss intelligence, creativity, and wisdom, but also to explore the interrelationships among them. These interrelationships can be assessed at two levels, at least based on the research we have done. The first level is that of implicit theories, the second, that of explicit theories. IMPLICIT THEORIES Sternberg (1985b), as mentioned earlier, assessed people's implicit theories of intelligence, creativity, and wisdom, as well as the implicit theories among these constructs. The study was done among experts and laypersons in the United States, and hence does not necessarily apply beyond this country. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to assess the dimensions for each construct. Table 8.1 shows the results of these scalings. Table 8.2 shows the intercorrelations of ratings of behaviors on a master list for different occupations of individuals. Note that there are differences in the correlations, and that, in business, creativity and wisdom show a negative correlation! The data show that people's conceptions of intelligence overlap with, but go beyond, the skills measured by conventional intelligence tests. Thus, the problem-solving (fluid ability) and verbal-comprehension (crystallized ability) skills measured by intelligence tests appear most prominently in the dimensions of the derived implicit theory of intelligence. Thus, the intelligent individual is perceived as solving problems well, reasoning clearly, thinking logically, displaying a good vocabulary, and drawing on a large store of information – just the kinds of things conventional intelligence tests measure.


The author of the article "Business undertakings of the Russian merchants and industrialists in Manchuria. The end of the XIXth the early XXth cc." is a leading scientific worker of the Institute of Russia of Academy of Social Sciences of Heilongjang Province. Ma Yujiun, basing on figures and historical facts, reveals this interesting theme: that is how at the end of the XIXth the early XXth cc. the Russian capital was contributing to the creation of modern capitalist mode of production while developing the economy of North East China


Abstract : Following DNA damage, p53 protein level is increased and its activity induced, leading to cell-cycle G1 arrest or apoptosis depending on cell type. Our research is focused on two aspects of p53 biology: (1) Elucidation of signaling pathways activating p53 following DNA damage; and (2) Understanding the importance of p53 transcriptional activity in the p53-dependent apoptosis and tumor suppression. During the past year, we have completed the analysis of p53 responses to DNA damage in p53Ser18Ala mutant ES cells, indicating that phosphorylation of mouse p53 at Ser 18 by is required for a full p53 responses to DNA damage. In addition, we have introduced this mutation into mouse germline for further in vivo analysis. We have also introduced Ser/Thr to Ala mutations at the JNK/MAP kinase phosphorylation sites and preliminary analysis of the mutant indicates that these phosphorylation events are not required for p53 responses to DNA damage but might be involved in cellular proliferation. We have also demonstrated that p53 transcriptional activity is required for p53-dependent apoptosis in both ES cells and thymocytes following DNA damage. We have introduced the p53G1n25Ser26 mutation into mouse germline to test the importance of p53 transcriptional activity in p53-dependent tumor suppression.


We report the low-temperature anomalous magnetic behavior of ferrimagnetic spinels cobalt orthotitanate (Co2TiO4), which exhibits magnetic compensation behavior across 31.74 K, and cobalt orthostannate (Co2SnO4) exhibiting two sequential magnetic transitions, namely (i) ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic transition with Neel temperature TN ∼ 41 K and reentrant spin-glass behavior with glass transition temperature TSG ∼ 39 K. The Arrott plot (H/M versus M2) criterion has been used to extricate the order of sequential magnetic transitions occurring below TN. Negative slopes of the Arrott plots below 32 K, metamagnetic-like character of the M-H isotherms, anomalies in the specific-heat (CP T−1 versus T) below 15 K, and a zero-crossover of isothermal magnetic-entropy-change (ΔS) signify the presence of pseudo first-order discontinuous magnetic phase transition in the low-temperature regime 5 K ≤ T ≤ 32 K. The dc- and ac-susceptibilities of both Co2TiO4 and Co2SnO4 are interpreted in terms of frozen-spin-clusters, ...


Organic acids, Siderophore, carbohydrate and protein are estimated in four different soil sam ples from leguminous soil to determine the activity of phosphate solubilizing microorganism s. Activity of phosphate solubilizing mocroorganis was high in soil sam ple of Dolichos lablab .


We have taken blends of a bitumen with three homopolymers that produce systems softer than the bitumen, and to each have added small quantities of different semicrystalline polyolefins. The intention is to discover whether these will form an extensive network system within a blend with a low Tg in which crystallites create the cross-links, as may happen with the isotactic polypropylene present in some atactic polypropylene systems. Such thermoplastic cross-links might provide a useful feature for certain uses, such as in built-up roofing membranes. These were found only within one blend based upon the polybutadiene, in two blends based upon chlorinated polyethylene, but in none based on the Lycra®, whose blends with LLDPEs and the HDPE flowed below the crystal melting temperature. The E′′ plots indicate the presence of many loss processes within the blends at low temperatures: the tan δ plots show other processes active up to 200°C within the soft matter. The behavior we discovered suggests that the properties of binary polymer blends are not associated solely with the components, but that, when the material is stiff or after heating, certain polymer—bitumen interactions may also be significant, and are sensitive to slight differences of structure between LLDPEs, even when present at the 3.4% level. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 21: 275–286, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.10032


Ibn Ruchd is one of the important readers and commnetators of Aristotelian philosophicalclassical books. This study, firstly, aims to explain that why Aristotle's De Anima is perceivedas one of main classical book regarding psychology by Muslim philosophers. De Animadetermines basic subjects and problems of psychology and builds explatanory concepts andtheories within logical consistency. Beside that De Anima tries to solve the main problems ofhuman beings such as the meaning of life, freedom, justice and happines. Further, for IbnRuchd, Aristotelian philosophical literature gives the opportunity to establish an harmoniousand consistent human understanding. As a part of this literature, De Anima plays an essentialrole in constructing the relations among God, the nature and human beings.Ibn Ruchd's three commentaries on De Anima are different attemps and examples ofunderstanding and commenting. Therefore, this study tries to determine the characteristicsof these commentaries from the perspective of writing gender and evaluation. Finally thisstudy tries to determine the techniques of Ibn Ruchd which he uses in his commentaries,and general principles which he considers very seriously. Considering these generalprinciples, some of the differences between Aristotle and Ibn Ruchd may be undersoodvery well.


PurposeThis study examines whether real earnings management (REM) choices are connected with the ownership structure of politically connected businesses (PCBs). The authors also discuss the moderating role of audit quality (AQ) and family control (FC) on the relationship between PCBs and REM.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' study sample comprises firms registered on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE). The sample examines the financial data of the firms that remained listed for the last eight years, i.e. from 2011 to 2018, excluding nonfinance companies and firms with incomplete data. The authors test the hypothesis using feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression methods.FindingsThe authors find that PCBs show a high level of involvement in income-decreasing REM compared to nonPCBs due to lower litigation risk in REM. However, the authors' results also show that two monitoring mechanisms, AQ and FC, curb the opportunistic behavior of PCBs and reduce the intensity of REM in PCBs.Practical implicationsThe findings of the study are beneficial in decision-making for both internal and external stakeholders, such as creditors, shareholders and competitors. In countries like Pakistan, which fall in the category of emerging economies, PCBs show involvement in income-decreasing REM to change the accurate picture of financial information to attain personal goals, and investors in such countries have a low level of knowledge about earnings management strategies; thus, this study offers detailed knowledge and information to investors and shareholders about political connections and REM. This plays a crucial role for regulators in stiffening the rules and regulations to further assist in more secure financial reporting.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the interplay between political connections, REM, FC and AQ in the business context. Second, family-controlled businesses often exhibit distinct characteristics and governance structures compared to nonfamily-controlled firms. Exploring the moderating role of FC in the following relationship could provide valuable insights into how family dynamics influence the financial reporting practices of PCBs. Third, AQ is a critical factor in ensuring financial reporting transparency. However, the interaction between AQ, political connections, and REM remains relatively unexplored. This study explains how audit oversight affects the earnings management behavior of PCBs.


Methods for the laboratory synthesis of diallyl phthalate prepolymers were evaluated. The chemical, physical, and molecular weight properties of several prepolymers synthesized were also evaluated and compared to those properties exhibited by Dapon 35 and Daiso 35, manufactured by FMC Corporation and Osaka-Soda, respectively. Glass-filled molding compounds from four of the prepolymers having molecular weight distributions ranging from 1.9 to 40.2 were prepared and tested at the Monsanto Research Corporation, Mound Facility. The processing characteristics and physical and electrical properties of two molding compounds were found to be comparable to similar compounds made from Dapon 35 and Daiso 35.


The research aimed to assess residue dynamics of mandipropamid in grapes and establish guideline for safety application.Field trail for mandipropamid residue in grapes were conducted in Tianjin and Nanjing.[Results] The results showed that the half-life of degradation for mandipropamid was 5.2-7.8 d in grapes,7.6-10.3 d in soil.The final residues quantity in grapes samples were undetected-0.066 mg/kg with interval 3,5,7,10 days after last sprayed.[Conclusions] The rational usage of mandipropamid is that it may be sprayed 3 times at 125-167 mg/L of mandipropamid,with the safe interval 3 days.The maximum residue limit is recommended 2 mg/kg.


Abstract The vertical movement of a sample point of the velum surface in sentences uttered by 2 speakers of English has been investigated. The temporal patterns of velum movement were approximated with a series of rules. Our findings suggest (1) that the feature [ ± nasal] alone fails to explain velum height movement patterns; (2) that there are no target values for the velum for vowels (at least in the material under investigation), (3) that prosodic or configurational factors such as intrasyllabic position and stress patterns strongly influence velum height, the speed of velum movement, and the timing of velum gestures, and (4) that the strategies used by the 2 speakers are different with respect to control of movement velocity. We propose a suprasegmental feature [ ± strong] to account for observed movement patterns, including timing relations between velum raising and lowering gestures and articulatory gestures of consonantal articulators such as the lips and the tongue tip.


Murine macrophages produce nitric oxide (NO) from L‐arginine on stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), alone or with interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ). The effect of incubation of macrophages with low concentrations of LPS on NO synthesis on subsequent stimulation was investigated, using a murine macrophage cell line, J774, and peritoneal macrophages from CBA mice. Cells which had been incubated with LPS produced significantly lower amounts of NO, and expressed lower levels of NO synthase activity, following stimulation with IFN‐γ and LPS, or with a high concentration of LPS. This effect was not reversed by tumor necrosis factor‐α. The ability of CBA macrophages to kill the intracellular parasite Leishmania major was markedly reduced by pre‐incubation with LPS. Reduced NO production by macrophages previously exposed to LPS is a manifestation of endotoxin tolerance, and may represent an important means of regulation of NO synthesis and thus a survival mechanism for intracellular parasites.


The late anthropologist, Gregory Bateson, related this story to show how important stories are to the development of human culture. All people think in terms of stories. Storytelling is one of the oldest forms of communication and education, a primary method by which the accumulated culture of one generation is passed down to the next.. And modern mass media, especially radio, film, TV and video, have universal appeal because they, too, are used to tell stories. Most of us have never had the opportunity to use these media to tell our own stories. Nearly 20 years ago, it was an often-quoted statistic that the average student would have watched well over 16,000 hours of television before he or she graduated from high school. This is more time than a typical studient spends in the classroom during his or her formal K-12 education. Given the widespread access students now have to videos, cable TV and MTV, hours of TV viewing has surely increased over these earlier estimates. Media Literacy The aware and creative citizen of the future must be a visually literate "media viewer" and a capable "media doer." [2] The idea of developing media literacy in education is cenrtainly now new; it has been a standard part of the broadcast communications and film school curricula in higher education for decades. Many excellent school programs in animated filmmaking using Super-8 have existed since the 1960s. [3] However, the availability of low-cost portable camcorders, new desktop and digital video technologies, and related applications in computer graphics, animation and typography now bring the tools of professional-quality media production within reach of K-12 teachers and students. The educational challenge now is to creatively use these media and tools to teach students both creative and critical-thinking skills. To accomplish this goal, students should create their own films, videos and multimedia projects--to become active producers of media. This is a story about just one such program--Rowland Animation. Rowland High School is located in a small, lower-income, suburban community about 20 miles east of Hollywood. From its humble beginnings over 14 years ago, the Rowland Animation program has been about empowering the students of this community to be active producers of media. The Rowland Animation program uses a hands-on approach to media literacy, and its interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to learning provide an excellent model of how "restructuring" can be successfully accomplished and sustained. Animation and video production are both technical crafts and multimedia art forms. As a curriculum, they require interdisciplinary treatment, collaboration, peer teaching and critical thinking. In the program, students design multimedia productions--combinations of hand drawing, computer graphics, clay, film, still and full-motion video, and natural and synthesized audio. Working in such media involves painting, drawing, design, sculpture and composition as well as all the skills, disciplines and conventions demanded by these various arts. [2] But animation also reaches into realms more diversified than any single art form. In animated filmmaking, a student delves into literature, writing, drama, architecture, music, dance, mime, photography and cinema. Similarly, film and video editing have traditionally been either very tedious or accessible only to those with highly sophisticated equipment and training. Today, however, new desktop and digital video editing system are removing many of these technical barriers to teaching students about video production. Teachers and students may now focus more on the the underlying art and psychology of how film and video clips can be sequenced in different ways to effectively communicate a message, create dramatic impact or manipulate a viewer's perception of time and space, instead of struggling with the mechanical details of how to splice film. …


The development of high resolution capillary columns and a large variety of different detectors led to a strong position of gas chromatography in instrumental analysis. Every effort has been made to solve sophisticated separation problems by column switching. Nowadays, several systems are commercially available for this purpose. The principle and the capabilities of multidimensional gas chromatography(MDGC) are illustrated by different applications in the field of modern flavor and essential oil research.


We present a simple extension of the use of finite basis sets constructed from B Splines to the non‐relativistic configuration interaction (CI) and perturbation calculations following the recent relativistic many‐body perturbation application by Johnson et al [Phys. Rev. A 37, 307 (1988)]. With the continuum contribution from the multi‐electron interactions explicitly included in the B‐Spline basis, the numerical accuracy of our non‐relativistic calculations is improved substantially. A combined application of perturbation and CI calculation to the fine structure level‐splittings of He 1s4f multiplets will be presented first. The effectiveness of the finite B‐Spline basis set is further demonstrated in its applications to the determination of the energy levels and the oscillator strengths of Be atom in a simple CI calculation.


Pulse wave imaging (PWI) is a noninvasive technique for tracking the propagation of the pulse wave along the arterial wall. The 3-D ultrasound imaging would aid in objectively estimating the pulse wave velocity (PWV) vector. This paper aims to introduce a novel PWV estimation method along the propagation direction, validate it in phantoms, and test its feasibility <italic>in vivo</italic>. A silicone vessel phantom consisting of a stiff and a soft segment along the longitudinal axis and a silicone vessel with a plaque were constructed. A 2-D array with a center frequency of 2.5 MHz was used. Propagation was successfully visualized in 3-D in each phantom and <italic>in vivo</italic> in six healthy subjects. In three of the healthy subjects, results were compared against conventional PWI using a linear array. PWVs were estimated in the stiff (3.42 ± 0.23 m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ~\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and soft (2.41 ± 0.07 m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ~\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) phantom segments. Good agreement was found with the corresponding static testing values (stiff: 3.41 m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ~\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and soft: 2.48 m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ~\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). PWI-derived vessel compliance values were validated with dynamic testing. Comprehensive views of pulse propagation in the plaque phantom were generated and compared against conventional PWI acquisitions. Good agreement was found <italic>in vivo</italic> between the results of 4-D PWI (4.80 ± 1.32 m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ~\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and conventional PWI (4.28±1.20 m <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot ~\text{s}^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n=3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). PWVs derived for all of the healthy subjects (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n = 6$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) were within the physiological range. Thus, the 4-D PWI was successfully validated in phantoms and used to image the pulse wave propagation in normal human subjects <italic>in vivo</italic>.


This study positions itself in the transatlantic, early modern period between American Congregationalist Jonathan Edwards (1703-1758) and English Baptist Andrew Fuller (1754-1815), and their attempts to express au fait understanding of reformed soteriologcial ideas in the age of reason.


Instaneous flow of normal external gear flowmeter was studied.Its instaneous flow mathematical model has been derived.At the same time,flow pulsation of different tooth number of meshing gears is given.The relationship between flow pulsation and gear tooth number at different meshing gears is analyzed.Flow characteristics simulation curve of the normal external gear meshing is simulated by using MTALB soft.The result shows that flow pulsation of external gear flowmeter can by reduced by added tooth number of gear.


Quantitative studies of the major microfauna from 19 gravity cores and 8 grab samples and semi-quantitative studies of 47 surficial sediments, collected between 191m and 2334 m water depths off Middle Andaman Island and around Barren Island shows a characteristic relation of the microfauna with the physiographic domains in the Andaman basin. Craggy domain of volcanic arc zone in Andaman Sea reveals a variation of pteropod preservation profile (PPP) in the seabed sediments. The PPP bears a direct relationship with the nature of sediment, quantity of pyroclastic materials and physiographic configuration of the region. The degree of preservation of the dissolution prone pteropods and its numerical abundance at various water depths in 27 surficial sediments are utilized to examine the PPP in the area. These parameter can be applied to examine and compare different pteropod preservation domains in other parts of Andaman Sea for oceanographic inferences.


Since the late 1990s the NHS has been committed to providing a quality health service and delivering consistency in the provision of health care throughout the UK.


Previously, our lab discovered the protein Nischarin and uncovered its role in regulating cell migration and invasion via its interactions with several proteins. We subsequently described a role for Nischarin in breast cancer, in which it is frequently underexpressed. To characterize Nischarin's role in breast tumorigenesis and mammary gland development more completely, we deleted a critical region of the Nisch gene (exons 7–10) from the mouse genome and observed the effects. Mammary glands in mutant animals showed delayed terminal end bud formation but did not develop breast tumors spontaneously. Therefore, we interbred the animals with transgenic mice expressing the mouse mammary tumor virus‐polyoma middle T‐antigen (MMTV‐PyMT) oncogene. The MMTV‐PyMT mammary glands lacking Nischarin showed increased hyperplasia compared to wild‐type animal tissues. Furthermore, we observed significantly increased tumor growth and metastasis in Nischarin mutant animals. Surprisingly, Nischarin deletion decreased activity of AMPK and subsequently its downstream effectors. Given this finding, we treated these animals with metformin, which enhances AMPK activity. Here, we show for the first time, metformin activates AMPK signaling and inhibits tumor growth of Nischarin lacking PyMT tumors suggesting a potential use for metformin as a cancer therapeutic, particularly in the case of Nischarin‐deficient breast cancers.


Highly dense and homogeneous yttria (Y2O3) thin-wall tubes have been successfully fabricated by applying tape-casting and radial magnetic pulsed compaction (RMPC) followed by thermal sintering. Since a homogeneous density distribution was obtained in the RMPCed compact, by using the Y2O3-based tape instead of a stuck of raw powder, cracking and bending were inhibited throughout the process up to the final sintered body. The relative density of the resultant tube reached 99.9%, and the structure was very fine with grain sizes of 25 mm. Moreover, when the granulated powder was used as the precursor of the tape, the thermal densification was promoted due to its enhanced sinterability as compared to the raw powder. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2010113]


The methods for trapping arsenic in cigarette mainstream smoke were established by 10% hydrochloric acid+5% nitric acids,10% hydrochloric acid and in the Cambridge filter leaf.10% hydrochloric acid +5% nitric acids and 10% hydrochloric acid were heated for 3h with the water bath ebullition after trapping,and 10% hydrochloric acid +5% nitric acids for the Cambridge filter leaf was extracted for 1h by supersonic soaks.Then arsenic in the processing samples were detected by atomic fluorescence spectrometry,and the average recoveries for three methods were 94.3%,99.8%,96.3%,respectively,while RSD of arsenic in cigarette mainstream smoke was in the range of 6.90%—9.86%,when the concentration of nitric acid was great than or equal to 8%,the determination of arsenic had negative effect,but 10% hydrochloric acid +5% nitric acids did not have negative effect on detection of arsenic.


Refusing to Kiss the SlipperSources and Debates in English HistoryThe European Reformations SourcebookMartin Luther and the Seven SacramentsVoices of the English ReformationThe RenaissanceA Reformation SourcebookA Sourcebook of Early Modern European HistoryReform and ConflictReformationVoices of the Reformation: Contemporary Accounts of Daily LifeThe New Westminster Dictionary of Church History: The early, medieval, and Reformation erasExploring history 1400–1900Voices of the English ReformationRenaissance LiteratureThe Reformation TheologiansGlobal Reformations SourcebookA Reformation ReaderAugsburg During the Reformation EraLiterary Research and the British Renaissance and Early Modern PeriodUnderstanding Early Modern Primary SourcesSatan's Counterfeit HealingHistorical Dictionary of the Reformation and Counter-ReformationEurope 1450 to 1789: Gabrieli to LyonThe European ReformationWestern Civilization: A Global and Comparative ApproachEncyclopedia of Martin Luther and the ReformationA Companion to the Reformation in GenevaIslamic Thought Through Protestant EyesAfterlifeReligion and Society in Early Modern EnglandThe Oxford Handbook of Martin Luther's TheologyHistorical Dictionary of the Reformed ChurchesCalvin and the Early ReformationThe Least of TheseThe European ReformationsDocuments of the ReformationEarly Modern England 1485-1714A History of ChristianityThe Oxford Handbook of Japanese Philosophy This extensively revised anthology makes available the most important poetry and prose from the period between the accession of Henry VIII in 1509 and the English Revolution of 1640. Responding to the broadening of the canon in recent years, it balances the work of familiar Renaissance figures with important texts by women writers, supported by helpful introductions and annotations. A new edition of this popular anthology, which includes many writings from women and from lesserknown writers, alongside established Renaissance figures Includes work by prominent writers of the period, such as such as Spenser, Shakespeare, and Donne, alongside important texts by women, including Queen Elizabeth I, Lady Mary Wroth, and Elizabeth Cary Brings together a variety of key works of the period, along with introductions and annotations to the texts, reflecting developments in critical and cultural theory and the latest Renaissance scholarship Extensively revised, corrected, and expanded to increase the level of annotation, and to make the volume more user-friendly Now includes a thematic table of contents and timeline, and a substantially expanded introduction to enable students to consider entries more easily in the social, cultural, and historical context of the periodOnline version of the 6-volume work, published: New York : Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004.The Reformation was the seismic event in European history over the past 1000 years, and one which tore the medieval world apart. Not just European religion, but thought, culture, society, state systems, personal relations everything was turned upside down. Just about everything which followed in European history can be traced back in some way to the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation which it provoked. The Reformation is where the modern world painfully and dramatically began, and MacCulloch's great history of it is recognised as the best modern account."The Christian church worldwide has been taken prisoner by Satan's counterfeit healing." This statement is based on the author's personal experience, modest exposure to the Toronto Blessing, observation of parachurch healing ministries, and extensive historical reconstructions. Satan's Counterfeit Healing presents and evaluates Satan's supernatural healing from the Paleolithic period (ca. 45000 BCE) to the contemporary church. The guiding thesis is that Satan and his demonic surrogates perform miracles which are evident as psi paranormal phenomena. These manifestations include physical and exorcistic supernatural healings. Paleolithic and Neolithic periods produced Great Mother goddess worship and healing, which have persisted ever since. These idolatries, combined with OT nature gods, were a backdrop to Jesus' true miracles. For two thousand years of church history there's been a tug-of-war between true and false healing. Mother goddess as Mariological shrine healing joined with natural and demonic magic, and esoteric energy psi. Alongside these the Holy Spirit has raised up genuine healers and their ministries. Modern healing is marked by energy counterfeits and faith healing, the latter especially accompanied by trance, false prophecy, and psi transformations. True divine healing can be recovered when Christians repudiate nature gods, reject false prophecy, and restore proper eschatology.The Encyclopedia of Martin Luther and the Reformation is a comprehensive study of the life and work of Martin Luther and the movements that followed him—in history and through today. Entries explore Luther's contributions to theology, sacraments, his influence on the church and contemporaries, his character, and more.An engaging and accurate introduction to the Protestant Reformation, told in the words of those who led it, opposed it, and lived it. • Offers readers an understanding of the origins and development of the Protestant Reformation, and the main beliefs and positions of both Catholics and Protestants and of the different branches of Protestantism, e.g., Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism • Includes more than 60 defining primary document selections • Features a detailed chronology and a useful general bibliography as well as bibliographies specific to individual documents for directed study • Presents a detailed general Introduction that puts the Reformation as a movement into historical context as well as introductions specific to each document selection that contextualize individual selections within the scope of the workHistorical Dictionary of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation provides a comprehensive account of two chains of events_the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation_that have left an enduring imprint on Europe, America, and the world at large. This is done through a chronology, a introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 300 cross-referenced dictionary entries on persons, places, countries, institutions, doctrines, ideas, and events.A fully revised and updated version of this authoritative account of the birth of the Protestant traditions in sixteenth-century Europe, providing a clear and comprehensive narrative of these complex and many-stranded events.Featuring the one author, one voice approach, this text is ideal for instructors who do not wish to neglect the importance of nonWestern perspectives on the study of the past. The book is a brief, affordable presentation providing a coherent examination of the past from ancient times to the present. Religion, everyday life, and transforming moments are the three themes employed to help make the past interesting, intelligible, and relevant to contemporary society.Understanding Early Modern Primary Sources is an introduction to the rich treasury of source material available to students of early modern history. During this period, political development, economic and social change, rising literacy levels, and the success of the printing press, ensured that the State, the Church and the people generated texts and objects on an unprecedented scale. This book introduces students to the sources that survived to become indispensable primary material studied by historians. After a wide-ranging introductory essay, part I of the book, 'Sources', takes the reader through seven key categories of primary material, including governmental, ecclesiastical and legal records, diaries and literary works, print, and visual and material sources. Each chapter addresses how different types of material were produced, whilst also pointing readers towards the most important and accessible physical and digital source collections. Part II, 'Histories', takes a thematic approach. Each chapter in this section explores the sources that are used to address major early modern themes, including political and popular cultures, the economy, science, religion, gender, warfare, and global exploration. This collection of essays by leading historians in their respective fields showcases how practitioners research the early modern period, and is an invaluable resource for any student embarking on their studies of the early modern period.A History of Christianity examines the development of Christianity from its biblical foundations to modern times. While seeking to be comprehensive, historian Joseph Early Jr. centers on key events, people, theological developments, and conflicts that have shaped Christianity over its two-thousand-year history. He also presents the development of Christianity within the social, political, and economic challenges of the times. In doing so, he paints a clear, detailed, and balanced picture of the opportunities and struggles faced by the church and the contributions made by significant people, institutions, and traditions. A History of Christianity is an ideal introductory survey for undergraduate students and any reader who desires to know more about the broad scope of Christianity.History has long viewed French Protestants as Calvinists. Refusing to Kiss the Slipper re-examines the Reformation in francophone Europe, presenting for the first time the perspective of John Calvin's evangelical enemies and revealing that the French Reformation was more complex and colorful than previously recognized. Michael Bruening brings together a cast of Calvin's opponents from various French-speaking territories to show that opposition to Calvinism was stronger and better organized than has been recognized. He examines individual opponents, such as Pierre Caroli, Jerome Bolsec, Sebastian Castellio, Charles Du Moulin, and Jean Morély, but more importantl


The problem of robust decentralized stabilization for a class of large scale interconnected uncertain dynamical systems is introduced and studied. The famous idea in this manuscript is the application of stability examination, witch is the quadratic function using Lyapunov technique, to identify a novel adequate condition for stabilizability of the system under study. Then, the present control strategy put into practice on a system composed by two interconnected generators. The simulation results demonstrate how effective and exceptional the suggested robust optimal controller.


Many countries around the world have benefitted from same language subtitling in films and television programmes. Subtitles help the learner use listening and spoken skills to enable word recognition and build vocabulary. Research by several scholars has established a positive relationship between reading same language subtitles and improvement in language skills. This contributes to the development of functional literacy which ultimately leads to an increase in literacy levels. India has experimented on a small scale with same language subtitling where respondents were exposed to music based programmes, thus promoting entertainment-based learning. India can learn from the benefits reaped by other countries by implementing subtitling in academics and improving teaching techniques to promote intensive learning. The technique can be applied to various genres of programmes on television so that learners can learn by watching a programme that interests them, therefore, not considering learning to be a tedious, obligatory task.


Abstract : This study deals with the prediction and maintenance of radiation fog. In conjunction with this study, two theoretical problems are discussed which form the basis for the prediction of radiation fog, its growth and eventually its dispersal by clouds or solar radiation. The first part of this investigation concerns itself with the prediction of temperature and wind profiles. The theory of radiative transfer for nonscattering particles and absorbing gases is included in the differential equations describing the physics of the boundary layer. The second problem discusses the mathematical theory of the distribution of short and long wave radiation in a multiple scattering and absorbing cloud or fog consisting of droplets and gases. A new solution of the equation of radiative transfer theory as formulated by Chandrasekhar (1960) is presented here. No attempt has been made at this time to include the complete transfer theory in the prediction equations. (Author)


Wireless Sensor networks play an important role in the safety and security of industrial zones, forests etc. These networks are being used on a large scale for monitoring various environment conditions and also for agriculture across the globe. In India, from a past few years these networks are being used for Landslide Detection and monitoring. Wireless sensor Networks face a challenge of overcoming their short lifetime due to the usage of batteries in the sensor nodes. The energy Consumption in the sensor nodes is maximum during routing of the data. The proposed algorithm aims at reducing this power consumption and improving routing of WSNs using the concept of fuzzy logic and A-star algorithm. Thus the proposed algorithm is combination of networking with artificial intelligence. The proposed algorithm uses mainly three factors minimum hop distance, remaining power of a node and minimum traffic load to make the routing decision. The performance of this algorithm is effective and could increase the overall life-time of an WSN by nearly 2025%.


In 1982, Steve Jobs, a founder and then chairman of Apple Computer, departed from Apple's tradition of avoiding political action to lobby successfully for the passage of California Assembly Bill 3194. This legislation, nicknamed the "Apple Bill," gave manufacturers special tax credits for donations of scientific equipment to California schools. Through its "Kids Can't Wait" program, Apple has donated computer systems to more than 9,000 elementary and secondary schools. Apple also encourages companies that make products for Apple systems to add these products to Apple's systems donations. Del Monte Corporation began making product donations of occasional excess production on a decentralized basis many years ago. Products were given to local communities, food banks, and even company employees. However, these recipients were frequently unable to absorb large quantities of often single-product contributions. Concerned with the waste and inefficiency of this decentralized distribution method, Del Monte searched for a better way to contribute excess products to needy recipients. In 1985, it arranged with a national food-bank clearinghouse to distribute excess products through a network of local food banks.


With the support and cooperation of the Member States, the EU institutions have been promoting animal welfare for more than forty years. The aim of the EU policy on animal welfare is to reconcile the interests of the various actors on the market with the interest of 'individual' animals to improve the quality of their lives and to avoid their pain and suffering. The first part of this article outlines, in general terms, the EU policy on animal welfare, focusing also on its 'constitutional aspects' and, in particular, on the newly introduced Article 13 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), expressly dealing with animal welfare and on its interpretation by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The second part of the article deals with the new initiatives of the Commission on animal welfare. Some conclusive remarks follow. CONTENT. 1. Preliminary remarks – 2. EU law on animal welfare and Article 13 TFEU – 3. The new strategy of the Commission and the enforcement of the existing legislation – 4. Conclusions 1. Preliminary remarks «A popular saying, unauthoritatively ascribed to Mahatma Gandhi, has it that the greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. If that is the case, then the matter under consideration warrants particular attention». This is the incipit of the Opinion delivered (on 21 January 2016) by Advocate General (AG) Nils Wahl in a case (Masterrind)1 on the interpretation of the EU rules * Professor of Administrative Law and State and Market in EU Law, at the Law Department of the University of Rome 'Roma Tre'.


Western Hemisphere and the similar purposes of their governments and peoples have been more potent factors in international relationships than the influences of race, language, and religion. The Monroe Doctrine when it was first pronounced expressed in principle equally well the sentiments of every other American Republic. Ever since its declaration nearly a hundred years ago every American Republic, whether in North America or South America, has been striving with greater or less degree of success to prove that a democratic form of government is the only one which could be its permanent government. Whether a statesman, a soldier, or a leader of public opinion has correctly interpreted American


Introduction: Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) can occur in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with pretransplant myeloablative conditioning. SOS is characterized by hepatomegaly, right upper quadrant pain, jaundice and ascites. Other findings include hyperammonemia. Treatment for the hyperammonemia can be a challenge. Description: A 43 year old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia underwent allogenic peripheral blood stem cell transplant with pretransplant myeloablative conditioning with cyclophosphamide, fludarabine and total body irradiation. On day 15, she became altered and then worsened on day 18 needing intubation for airway protection. Her labs were significant for hyperammonemia of 206 umol/L, total bilirubin of 2.8mg/ dL which was mostly conjugated and INR of 2.5. Examination was remarkable for weight gain of 10 kgs over 4 days. A computed tomography of the head followed by a brain magnetic resonance imaging were both negative for an acute process. Ultrasound of the abdomen with doppler was significant for new moderate ascites, absent intrahepatic ductal dilation and patent vasculature. She was not on any hepatotoxic medications. Oral and rectal lactulose and rifaximin was started but ammonia levels continued to be elevated. A diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome was made as per the modified Seattle criteria and Baltimore criteria; namely from the hyperbilirubinemia, sudden weight gain and ascites which occurred in the setting of recent HCT. Defibrotide was started with rapid improvement in her ammonia, hyperbilirubinemia, and mental status over 4 days. Discussion: SOS occurs mostly in patients undergoing HCT. Risk factors for SOS include preexisting liver disease, allogenic graft and conditioning with high doses of chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, capecitabine, 5-flurouracil). Associated with the disease entity is the presence of hyperammonemia due to the hepatic injury. This can be resistant to conventional therapies as seen in our patient. Defibrotide is an option for refractory hyperammonemia due to SOS. Defibrotide increases fibrinolytic activity and decreases thrombosis in the hepatic sinusoids and thus relieves the obstruction. This case highlights that hyperammonemia due to SOS must remain in the differential post HCT.