1 HE history, present position and perspectives of the Communist movement in China are probably more beclouded by distortions and ignorance than any other topic of major world importance of the present day. Offhand one might find no grounds for surprise in this, for those who mortally hate and fear Communism have usually found solace in the most consciously wilful and often most ludicrous misrepresentations of the methods and activities of the Communist movement and the character and objectives of Communist thought. What complicates matters as regards the Chinese Communist movement is the fact that the fog which enshrouds it derives not only from the counter-propaganda of the Kuomintang, but in large measure from conditions within the Communist movement itself; from the propaganda of the Communist International and its apologists. There is naturally no mystery concerning the Kuomintang's opinion of the Communists, which has been forcibly expressed during these past eight years through the State police and the Kuomintang armies. That the Kuomintang regime has conducted this campaign of repression out of a deep consideration for its own interests no one will deny. But if we are to understand the nature of the Chinese Communist movement, its past blunders and its future perspectives, we must consider the Communist premise that salvation for China, the solution of its acute social and economic contradictions, lies only in the overthrow of the Kuomintang regime and its replacement by a Chinese soviet state. The Chinese Communist Party was born amid the growth of productive forces and the consequent social ferment which gave rise to the Chinese revolutionary movement in the years following the Great War. Rapidly maturing conditions for a radical change


Focus Ireland works with people who are homeless or at risk of losing their homes across Ireland. We are driven by the fundamental belief that homelessness is wrong. Focus Ireland's strategy outlines that the real solutions to this crisis lie in preventing people from becoming homeless in the first place and ensuring that they have helped to stay in their home once they have found one.


Background: Ongoing systematic studies in the African flora necessitate periodic nomenclatural adjustments and corrections. Objectives: To effect requisite nomenclatural changes. Method: Relevant literature was surveyed and type material located and examined. Results: A nomenclatural correction is necessary in  Othonna L. and  Senecio L. (Asteraceae). Conclusions: Othonna sonchifolia L. is recognised as the earliest name for  Senecio cymbalarifolius (L.) Less. and the new combination  Senecio sonchifolius (L.) J.C. Manning & Magoswana is provided for the species.  Othonna cymbalarifolia is lectotypified and  Senecio hastifolius (L.) Less. is reinstated from synonymy as a species distinct from  S. sonchifolius .


A rst order structure M with universe M is atomic compact if every system of atomic formulas with parameters in M is satissable in M provided each of its nite subsystems is. The deenition of atomic compactness goes back to Weglorz Weg]. It extends to general rst order structures the notion of equational compactness, rst considered by I. Kaplansky and J. LLs for Abelian groups, and later by J. Mycielsky for general algebras (see Myc]). We present here miscellaneous results about atomic compactness of reeexive graphs.


Introduction Because of the existence of a wide variety of implied etiologic factors and obscurity concerning its pathogenesis, a definitive form of therapy for bronchial asthma has not been forthcoming. Surgical treatment"7"4 has been predicted on a presumed imbalance of autonomic nervous system function. K#{252}mmell,6'7 in 1923, advocated resection of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion, but Homer's syndrome and parotid pain were frequent distressing complications. In 1924, Kappis4'5 assumed a predominant parasympathetic role and sectioned the vagus nerve. Short term results with both procedures were encouraging, but a complete cure was rare beyond three years."" "4 G#{246}bell2 combined both of these procedures and in 1928 he performed bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy and severed the right vagus nerve. The results1'1' were no better than for either procedure alone and the combined operation was attended by a significantly increased mortality rate. Carotid body excision, first reported by the author in 1942,#{176} is a simple and often effective method of treatment. Residual symptoms and operative mortality are negligible.


Objective:To observe the clinical effects and toxicities of Rituximab combined CHOP and CHOP alone on newly diagnosed patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin′s Lymphoma(NHL).Methods: There were 23 patients of B-cell NHL in our study.11 patients accepted Rituximab combined CHOP chemotherapy.The others accepted CHOP chemotherapy.Results: The overall response rates were 81.8%in R-CHOP group and 41.7%in CHOP group.There were significant differences between them(P0.05).The major side effects were gastrointestinal reaction,leucocytopenia and fever.The incidence rate of gastrointestinal reaction was 18.2% in R-CHOP group and 16.7%in CHOP group.There was no significant difference between them(P0.05).The incidence rate of leucocytopenia was 36.4% in R-CHOP group and 41.7% in CHOP group.There were no significant differences between them(P0.05).The incidence rate of fever was 45.5% in R-CHOP group and 8.3%in CHOP group.There was significant difference between them(P0.05).Conclusions: Rituximab combined CHOP has good effeet on treating B-cell non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma.The major side effect is fever that can be acceptable.Rituximab combined CHOP can be used as the first line in clinic.


Klebsiella spp. is an important member of Enterobacteriaceae family. It has theoretical research value and broader development prospects in agricultural field and environmental management. This paper reviewed on several key identification characteristics for major species of Klebsiellas spp.,researches and existing problems of Klebsiella spp. in improving plant utilization of nitrogen,phosphorus,iron and other nutrients,biological control and environmental management,which would provide a reference for further research and application of this bacteria.


Given a set of observations {(x1, y1), . . . , (xN, yN)} of two joint random variables X and Y, the Kendall's tau rank correlation coefficient τ quantifies the statistical association between their ranked values. A pair of observations (xi, yi), (xj, yj) is said to be concordant if xi > xj and yi > yj or if xi < xj and yi < yj, discordant otherwise, except for ties, xi = xj or yi = yj, which are neither concordant nor discordant. Kendall's tau is then defined as:


We study the design of parallel algorithms for spectral atmospheric models on virtual shared memory computers. To illustrate our purpose, a simple barotropic vorticity equation (BVE) model is implemented on two BBN TC2000 machines located at CERFACS and at LLNL 1. The BBN TC2000 computer has been one of the rst comercially available Virtual Shared Memory (VSM) multiprocessor. Its main characteristic-a global addressable memory physically distributed on nodes-is likely to become a standard for parallel computers. Memory references can be either remote (through the interconnection network, the so-called Butterry switch) or local to one node 2. We brieey describe the BVE model and the spectral transform, then we introduce transposition strategies for virtual shared memory computers, and deene a simple timing model. We especially consider the cost of transpositions using remote memory accesses and the cost of synchronization delays. Performances of two diierent strategies using T106 and T213 grids for various numbers of processors are discussed. The parallel eeciencies obtained and a detailed analysis of partial timings show that VSM computers are good candidates for the parallelization of spectral models using the transposition approach. ere's article: "Linear Algebra Calculations on a virtual shared memory computer" 1].


photogrammetry continues to be topo graphical surveys, and accordingly aerial surveying is internationally regarded to be of major importance, terrestrial photo grammetry is constantly growing in scope. The advantages of photogrammetry as a technique of measurement are well known . The fact that the information concerning the object to be measured or the events associated with that object is taken from a photograph often makes photogrammetry the only method of measurement available . Even when other approaches are possible , the savings involved often weight the scales in favor of the survey photograph . This is especially the case when the object is hard ly accessible for direct measurement or is altogether inaccessible or possesses a complicated shape. Another factor is the simultaneity of the information recording process. Another argument in favor of photogrammetry is the fact that the interval of time during which the information is


Summary: The Upper Assam Basin is a poly history basin from where hydrocarbons are being produced for more than a century. The first commercial oil discovery of this part of the world came from this basin in the form of Digboi oilfield in 1889. Thereafter, the basin witnessed significant oil and gas discoveries. Exploration work, aimed at different plays, is still continuing in this basin. Tectonically, the basin can be sub-divided into two parts viz. Assam Shelf fore-land and Thrust fold / Schuppen Belt (Himalayan orogenic belt). The geologic formations in the basin primarily comprise of sand & shale alterations of the sediments from Paleocene/Eocene to Recent age. In this study, attempt has been made to create a realistic velocity model using VSP and check-shot data over the entire basin. This velocity model enabled quite accurate time-to-depth conversion of all the major horizons on a regional scale, necessary for basin modeling studies. It also serves as a reasonable input for seismic applications like AVO, Pre-stack inversion, converted –wave seismic and Pre-SDM. It is observed that the pattern of velocity field approximately follows the depth pattern of the basement. The probable reasons behind this particular behavior are studied in detail. The study found that velocity trend is influenced by depositional environment of the basin throughout the history of deposition.


1. An in vitro preparation of the rabbit knee joint, perfused with oxygenated Locke solution, was used to assess the nature of adrenoceptors within articular blood vessels. 2. Dose/response relationships were obtained to intra‐arterial injection of alpha‐ and beta‐adrenoceptor agonists. 3. Adrenaline and noradrenaline produced a similar pattern of increasing constriction of articular vessels with increasing dose of drug. 4. The alpha 1‐agonist, phenylephrine, also produced dose‐dependent constrictor responses, but the alpha 2‐agonist; clonidine, had no effect. The alpha 2‐agonist UK‐14304 did, however, produce modest vasoconstriction which was not greatly altered by the alpha 1‐blocker prazosin. The constrictor effect of noradrenaline was abolished by both the alpha 1,2‐blocker phenoxybenzamine and by prazosin but not by the alpha 2‐blocker rauwalscine. 5. The beta‐adrenoceptor agonist, isoprenaline, had little effect at a dose of 10(‐6) M or lower, but gave rise to a constrictor effect at higher concentrations. This response was blocked by phenoxybenzamine but not by the beta 1,2‐blocker propranolol, suggesting that the constrictor effect was mediated via alpha‐adrenoceptors. 6. The results suggest that alpha 1‐ and alpha 2‐adrenoceptors are present within articular blood vessels, but that beta‐receptors are absent. The effects of noradrenaline appear to be mediated principally via alpha 1‐adrenoceptors.


which it really exists, viz., in the complication of its real context, is not too common, and there is no insult implied in doubting whether the champions of a new and exciting gospel have altogether acquired it. The same difficulty arises as to challenging the fundamental assumption of others. We say that, in the analysis of experience, we do far more than challenge assumptions; we exhibit in detail the limitations and confusions of the ideas under examination by the same process by which every hypothesis or proposition, it matters not whether assumption, axiom, principle, or induction, is made to show itself equal or unequal to the demands of experience. But though for science our method is the only one, for effective controversy it is undoubtedly too laborious; and we are not surprised that our circle of readers is limited. It is more than time to conclude. My answer to the charge against me is, in brief, that there is -not yet in this country any appreciable body of high-class socialistic literature, by which to test the view that, when purified and developed, Socialism will be Socialism still. My critics' references to the future for their evidence are too remarkable to escape notice. Nothing of all the practical changes to which Mr. Ball refers has any distinctive connection with Socialism. When the promised literature and the new policy are developed, it will be time to see, first, whether they are rational, and, secondly, whether they are socialistic. In the mean time, we claim that no principle is known except in its concrete development, and that the careful and persistent analysis of the developments is the only method by which principles can be established or refuted. And we are always ready for discussion, except when it seems unwelcome to those who invite us.


The mathods based on contact-type targets and high-speed camera for measuring fragments' velocity have the problems of small testing range and low accuracy.This paper presented a velocity correlation coefficient-based identification algorithm in the laser screen.By calculating the correlation coefficient of the two waveforms of fragments' signal when which flying through the target,the algorithm can determine the relevance of the waveformes and then find out the corresponding fragment.Experiments results showed that the identification algorithm can be used for fragments' velocity measuring and abtained the fragments' speed while which through the laser screen.This method can meet the precision demands of fragment velocity measurement,and can be widely used in fragment velocity measuring.


Driven by key metrics, including higher computing performance, lower power consumption, smaller form factor, increased bandwidth, and reduced latency (interconnect delay), the semiconductor interconnect technology is transitioning to 2.5D and gaining acceptance in the industry, as an increasing number of products are beginning to enter volume manufacturing. To transition from today's low volumes to high volume manufacturing (HVM), the concerns of warpage control, thermal dissipation, cost (yield and throughput), and overall technology scalability for future generations need to be addressed rapidly. The solutions in these relatively new packaging technologies encompass design/layout, material, process, and integration choices. With these concerns as a backdrop, our article will discuss our approach to optimizing 2.5D assembly for HVM. This article starts with a review of our test vehicle and our overall choices of substrate, interposer, and die dimensions. Three different 2.5D assembly approaches that have...


It has been shown that major histocompatibility complex ( M H C ) types affect the mating choices of mice' and that mice can be trained to distinguish arms of a Y maze scented by odors from MHC-congenic mice or their urines?' More recently, mice have been successfully trained in the Y maze to distinguish the scent of mice that differ genetically only by mutation of the H-2K gene, which belongs to the category of MHC genes known as class I, that plays a vital part in immunological recognition and response.' To investigate the relevance of H-2K genetic variation to reproductive behavior, we have now tested the effect of isolated H-2K genetic variation in the circumstances of "pregnancy block. " Pregnancy block (the Bruce effect)' refers to termination of pregnancy before implantation of the embryo (before day six of gestation in the mouse) after exposure of the female to an unfamiliar male, particularly of a strain different from the stud male. All female mice in this study were of the inbred strain BALB, whose M H C type is H-2d. The stud males were either B6/By (H-2b) or B6.C-H-2b"l, differing only by a mutation at the K b gene. The second (test) male, to which the fertilized females were exposed, was either the same stud male, or a male genetically identical to the stud male (syngeneic male), or a male of the other H-2K type (B6.C-H-2bm' if the stud male was B6/By, and vice versa). Females were monitored for return to estrus by visual inspection of the external genitalia. Return to estrus within seven days of stud mating was scored by blind testing as a blocked pregnancy or blocked pseudopregnancy.


This paper has two main purposes which is summarized as follows. One is to review and analyze the increasing trades between Korea and China after establishing a diplomatic relationship between the two countries, and the prospects of forming a Yellow Sea Sub-Economic Region(YSSER). The other is to propose the strategies and the measures for building a YSSER as a localized network, especially in Korean Western Region. In order to realize the network of the YSSER, it is essential for concerned local governments to take an initiative. The limited power of Korean local governments in decisionmaking and financing, however, allows only a gradual approach for the initiative. The main contents of this article is as follows: first, conceptualization of the YSSER; second, the trends and the prospects of economic exchange between Korea and China; third, China's territorial development strategies and the important development axes; forth, the strategies for building the YSSER on the position of central and local government of Korea.


FIELD: measurement; testing. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to magnetic resonance tomography. System of magnetic resonance tomography contains magnet for the main magnetic field generation with the tomography zone and the gradient coils system. Gradient coil system contains set of unshielded gradient coils configured to generate the gradient magnetic field. Magnetic resonance tomography system additionally contains processor for the magnetic resonance tomography system controlling. Execution of stored in memory instructions causes the processor to obtain the magnetic resonance tomography data from the volume within the tomography zone using the subsequent pulses data with the echo zero time; reconstruct the three-dimensional image using magnetic resonance tomography data; and represent at least portion of the three-dimensional image on the display. EFFECT: technical result is the acquisition of high-resolution images. 10 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl


Experimental and some clinical evidence suggest that one or more mechanisms, alone or in combination, induce bone necrosis. These include marrow cell hypertrophy, microembolic phenomena, and lipid-induced osteocyte necrosis. Such events may result in local inflammatory exudates and/or vascular impedence. Either may effect an increase in the hydrostatic pressures in bone with the potential to limit blood flow and magnify the initial insult. Further experimental investigations are necessary to gain knowledge of etiologic mechanisms and a rational means of prophylaxis or treatment.


This presentation sets out to address the following four key questions: I. What constitutes 'security awareness'? II. Why is Security Awareness raising important? III. Why is Security awareness a national issue in Nigeria? and IV. What are the viable options for Nigeria?


In order to more effectively and accurately study the establishment of Shared transportation system, this paper summarizes the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars' Shared transportation system.On this basis, the development direction of its description and technology is prospected.The paper points out that: 1) further development of data acquisition and analysis platform of intelligent lock is the development direction of perfect standardized management; 2) proton exchange membrane fuel cell, solar energy, reluctance motor power generation and multi-energy model can be used as the new energy power of the Shared car; 3) to solve the problems of charging and vehicle configuration encountered in the use of Shared vehicles, a new charging pile and intelligent sharing system are proposed; 4) for various complex transportation modes and technologies, how to properly classify them, establish performance indicators, and formulate various test standards and engineering application specifications will be one of the important directions for future research.


ABSTRACT: In contrast to myocardium from adult rabbits, myocardium from newborns is insensitive to the inotropic effects of selective inhibitors (e. g. amrinone, milrinone, and indolidan) of the cGMP-inhibited high-affinity cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) localized in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This difference may be explained at least partially by our recent observation that this camp PDE activity is low in sarcoplasmic reticulum from newborns. Furthermore, because the predominant cytosolic high-affinity cAMP PDE activity in newborns is a cGMP-insensitive form, we postulated that selective inhibitors of this form of cAMP-specific PDE may increase cardiac contractility in newborns. Therefore, the inotropic effects of RO 20–1724 and SQ 65, 442 (selective inhibitors of cGMP-insensitive, high-affinity cAMP PDE) were compared with trequinsin (a potent, less selective PDE inhibitor) in right ventricular papillary muscles isolated from newborn (NB; 24–48 h), immature (14–16 d), and adult New Zealand White rabbits. At a drug concentration of 100 $mUm, RO 20–1724 and SQ 65, 442 depressed maximal rate of tension development to 67 ± 4 and 70 ± 2% of control, respectively, in NB papillary muscles. The NB response to RO 20–1724 differed significantly from the immature (127 ± 2%) and adult (115 ± 3%) groups (p < 0.05), but the effects of SQ 65, 442 were comparable among the three age groups. In contrast, trequinsin exerted a positive inotropic effect in the NB group (355 ± 22% of control) that was substantially greater than the maximal response obtained in the immature (139 ± 6% of control) or adult (131 ± 5% of control) groups (p < 0.01). These differences in inotropic responsiveness could not be ex- plained by differences in sensitivity to drug-induced inhibition of cAMP or cGMP hydrolysis in cytosolic fractions from the three age groups. Thus, selective inhibitors of the predominant form of high-affinity cAMP PDE in NB myocardium do not exert a positive inotropic response in NB papillary muscles. The age-specific cardiotonic effects of trequinsin suggest that other PDE isozymes could contribute to the modulation of contractility during postnatal maturation.


Americans are getting ever more nearsighted, according to scientists at the National Eye Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In the early 1970s, about 25% of the population qualified as myopic. In the early 2000s, that proportion had leapt to almost 42%, says a team led by epidemiologist Susan Vitale.

The report, in the Archives of Ophthalmology , created a buzz last week about the dangers of computers and texting. Similar increases have been happening around the world.

Oddly, the condition is highly heritable yet malleable by the environment. But what environment? "The suspicion has always been centered around 'near work,'" says vision scientist Donald Mutti of Ohio State University in Columbus. But recent studies of schoolchildren in both the United States and Singapore have failed to show an association between near work and an increase in myopia. Mutti says research instead is increasingly pointing to lack of outdoor exposure as the culprit. "We're kind of a dim indoors people nowadays," he observes. "If you ask me, I would say modern society is missing the protective effect of being outdoors"—although whether it's the light or the distance that does it is still not known.


Objective: To observe the clinical effects of eye acupuncture and combined acupuncture and medicine in the treatment of herpes zoster.Methods: 57 patients with herpes zoster were randomly divided into the control group of 21 patients and the treatment group of 36 patients.The control group received the combined treatment of acupuncture and medicine while the treatment group received eye acupuncture treatment in addition to the combined acupuncture and medicine treatment.Clinical effects of the two groups were compared.Results: 36 patients of the treatment group,34 cases were cured,accounting for 94.44%;2 cases were effective,accounting for 5.56%,with the total effective rate of 100.00%.21 patients of the treatment group,10 cases were cured,accounting for 47.62%;8 cases were effective,accounting for 38.10%,3 cases with no response,accounting for 14.29%,with the total effective rate of 85.71%.There were significant differences of total effective rate between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion: Eye acupuncture and combined acupuncture and medicine is significantly effective on herpes zoster,thereby worthy of clinical application.


The article provides an overlook of public transportation security initiatives as of 7/7/04. At a glance, they are: APTA (American Public Transportation Association) System Safety Program Plan standards for bus, rail, and commuter rail operations, APTA safety committees, security workshops, web-site, sharing best practices, peer reviews; National Transit Institute (NTI) Security Awareness Training for transit employees; Transportation Safety Institute courses; John A. Volpe Center emergency response planning and security design guidelines; Department of Homeland Security: Transportation Safety Administration, Office of Surface Transportation Security, Office of Transportation Safety Policy; Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP); Federal Law Enforcement Training Center; and Minnesota Institute: in partnership with APTA in conducting Transportation Security Summit. Federal Transit Administration (FTA), Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), along with other Department of Transportation modes are working in partnership with the other listed organizations and agencies. Additionally, the FY '03 budget had $65 million earmarked for the Office of Domestic Preparedness to be provided through the states to the highest risk transit systems in the country.


This article,with reference to the various studies concerned over thirties years,reviews the syntactic features of "There" in the existential construction,introduces some new explanations of it from linguists and scholars both at home and abroad and analyzes the deficiency and faults about the studies concerned.


Pipes laid on the bottom of the sea where the depth is relatively small must be designed to be stable under the forces imposed on it by the water motion associated with surface waves. Although there has been some scattered research done to obtain force coefficient data helpful to the design engineer in such deliberations, these data had not been dran together for optimus use in the design process not carefully examined for consistency. This paper is an attempt to organise the pertinent information for use by the submarine pipe engineer.


This study was aimed to determine lead, cadmium, nitrate and nitrite contents in drinkingrainwater from household of Nakhon Pathom province where many industrial factories and agriculturalfarms were located and estimate the intakes of those chemicals from rainwater consumption.The consumption data of rainwater and rainwater samples were collected during the rainy season(August - October 2002) and winter (November 2002 - January 2003) from 240 households in 5districts. Lead and cadmium contents were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer.Nitrate and nitrite contents were analyzed by the international standard organizationmethod. The results revealed that the average nitrate and nitrite contents in rainwater collectedduring the rainy and winter seasons were lower than the standard of drinking water in sealed containerfollowing the notification of the Ministry of Public Health No. 61 (1981) and No. 135 (1991).Whereas 77 percent and 67 percent of rainwater collected in the rainy and winter seasons containedlead at the concentrations over the standard. In addition 76 percent and 75 percent of rainwatercollected in both seasons contained cadmium at the concentrations over the standard. The estimationof intake found that the average daily intakes of nitrate and nitrite were greatly lower than thesafety level. Whilst the average weekly intakes of lead in the rainy and winter seasons were higherthan the safety level and the average weekly intakes of cadmium in the rainy and winter seasonswere not much lower than the safety level. Therefore rainwater consumption may be one of themajor sources of lead and cadmium exposure in Nakhon Pathom people.Key words: lead, cadmium, nitrate, nitrite, rainwater


S>The paramagnetic resonance spectrum of free ethyl radicals formed during gamma irradiation of ethane adsorbed on silicagels at 196 deg C was investigated. (R.V.J.)


A system and method for network authentication is provided. A network access device is operable to establish a communications with an internal network. A client device is operable to request and establish the communications over the internal network by interfacing with the network access device. A processor is operable to interface with the network access device to establish the communications between the client device and the internal network. The processor is also operable to establish a communications level for the communications based on the location of the client device.


The use of fault tree analysis techniques to systematically identify (1) the sabotage events which can lead to release of significant quantities of radioactive materials, (2) the areas of the nuclear power plant in which the sabotage events can be accomplished, and (3) the areas of the plant which must be protected to assure that release does not occur are discussed.


The present invention provides a miniaturized device input and improves the versatility of the brake system of a vehicle brake system of the vehicle than ever. Wherein the input device of the vehicle brake system (10) (14) comprising: a master cylinder (34), which is input by the operation of the brake operating member (12) to generate hydraulic pressure; and stroke simulator (64), with the master cylinder (34) arranged in parallel, the operation of the brake operating member (12) applies reaction force to the brake operation of the analog element (12), wherein the master cylinder (34) and stroke simulator (64) is formed integrally.


Harmonious education is the base of harmonious society and the striving direction of education development.The essence of harmonious education is to promote harmonious development of education,society and the education of others,the harmony of inner part and outside of education.In order to achieve the harmonious education.The paper analysis the basic connotation of the harmonious education at present in our country and points out concrete measures to achieve harmonious education in practice.


The honey bee forage resources in the Neretva Valley enable production of unifloral Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) honey. Given the insufficient knowledge about this type of honey, the aim of this study was to establish its botanical origin (pollen spectrum), as well as physico-chemical and sensory properties. In total nine samples of Satsuma mandarin unifloral honey collected from Neretva Valley in the period from 2014 to 2015 were analysed. Floristic observations have recorded 78 plant species and the results of qualitative melissopalynological analysis revealed pollen originating from 50 plant species in analysed honey samples. The number of determined types of pollen in individual honey samples varied from 8 to 19 with an average of 13 pollen types. Proportion of Satsuma mandarin pollen ranged from 3 to 35% with average of 10.88%. The average water content in honey samples range from 17.1% to 17.3%, electrical conductivity from 0.22 mS/cm to 0.27 mS/cm, pH value from 3.82 to 4.02 and diastase activity from 7.78 to 9.36. The main sensory attributes of Satsuma mandarin were determined by sensory analysis: colour ranging from light to dark yellow, orange blossom odour with medium intensity, weak to medium taste persistence characterised by medium sweetness and poorly expressed acidity, and floral and fruity aroma. Due to almost monocultural orchards of Satsuma mandarin in the Neretva Valley, the possibility of producing this rare type of honey in this region should certainly be utilized.


The utility model relates to a power device with hot swap, multi-voltage output, switch power module, parallel power supply module, and load balancing, which is used to provide different voltage outputs of the server and other electric devices. A sampling transformer is integrated in the power module; the parallel power supply module is connected with the power control backplane by the connector. The power sample begins from the original end of the transformer of the power supply module by the transformer; the backplane control circuit compares and processes the sampling signals, and then generates the average control signal to adjust directly the output voltage of the parallel modules, to balance the output power of the parallel modules. The external interface of the switch power module is connected through the charged inserting and drawing connector, which realizes the charged inserting and drawing of the switch power module, reduces the maintenance time of the power system, eliminates the unsafe hidden danger in the process of the power system operation and maintenance, changes easily and saves maintenance cost of the power system.


This paper built the iron and steel logistics system dynamics model of carbon emissions with an in-depth analysis on the iron and steel logistics system causality, and simulated the effects of related parameters on the iron and steel logistics carbon emissions, which are structure of transport, energy efficiency and the intensity of freight. The study shows that: with the increase of the proportion of the railway, the proportion of water transportation and energy efficiency, iron and steel logistics carbon emissions decrease correspondingly. Transport distance has major influence on logistics carbon emissions, and having a lot of optimization values. Finally, the paper put forward related carbon emission reduction strategy from three aspects: optimizing the structure of transport, improving energy efficiency and reducing the intensity of freight.


The development objective of the Sustainable Cities Project for Turkey is to improve service delivery and the financial, environmental, and social sustainability of participating municipalities through targeted investments and through technical assistance. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) if the remaining parcel of land after expropriation of a part of it is not economically viable, it will be acquired and compensated (at full replacement cost) if the owner so desires; (2) if agricultural land and crops lost during the lease, the owner should be compensated for the crop losses for the duration of lease; (3) full compensation based on the replacement cost in a similar and comparable area plus moving and transition allowance; (4) assistance with finding a new place and moving and transition allowance if lease is terminated early, compensation to ensure that renters do not suffer losses; (5) compensation for the crops and the value (at full replacement cost) of investment made on the land; and (6) full replacement cost of affected business place. Transitional assistance to re-establish business in new location and compensation for lost income as necessary.


On the eve of the G7 meetings in Washington, Daniel Gros and Stefano Micossi find that what is missing is a body or a concerted initiative to take care of the inter-bank market, which has become dysfunctional almost everywhere. They warn that the G-7 governments must tackle this issue or be prepared to witness the funding crisis mutate into a global depression.


ABSTRACT The institutionalisation of the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) in business schools involves a normatively challenging change project. Drawing on the institutional work and emotional labour literatures, this paper reports on the findings of a qualitative study into the emotional labour that underpins the practices of PRME advocates in 24 UK business schools. While acknowledging institutional gains, findings highlight the emotional consequences including exhaustion and isolation experienced when seeking to disrupt dominant sector and organisational logics. The study demonstrates the potential value for both academic change agents and supportive management of insights derived from the recent 'emotionalising' of institutional work research.


ALBA is the first synchrotron light source facility ever built in Spain. It is located at Cerdanyola del Vallès, a research and technological area near Barcelona. The official inauguration ceremony held in March was attended by approximately 500 people coming not only from Spain but also from many others countries. In addition to the national authorities, many national and international contributors to the ALBA project, such as the past and present members of advisory committees and consultants, attended the ceremony. That remarkable event was chaired by Mr. José Luis Rodíguez Zapatero and Mr. José Montilla, Presidents of the Spanish and Catalonia governments, respectively. They highlighted the scientific relevance of the new facility for Spain and the European regions nearby. ALBA is expected to act as a pole for scientific development and it will have a social and industrial impact through the new research possibilities and the new technological opportunities that it provides.


To the Editor We read with great interest the study of Deftereos et al 1 about 86 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Half of their population had NT-proBNP level (maximum level within 12 h) below the cut-off value, and half had NT-proBNP level above the cut-off value. In addition, they observed higher rates of atrial thrombus (AT) in the …


Vortex dynamics in a multiband anisotropic superconductor, such as the Fe based superconductors, is interesting and potentially important for applications. In this study we examine flux-creep data for fields along the second magnetization peak observed in M(H) curves of BaFe1.9Ni0.1As2 for H ‖ c-axis, H ‖ ab-planes and H forming a 45° angle with ab-planes. We find that the M–H loops taken from the different field directions can be collapsed onto a single universal curve at all temperatures with a simple scaling factor equivalent to the superconducting anisotropy, showing that the vortex pinning is not only isotropic and three-dimensional but most likely related to point-like defects. The resulting critical currents, however, taken from the Bean model appear to show enhanced low field pinning for H ‖ c. The features in the vortex dynamics also differ in different field orientations and show no direct correlation with the second magnetization peak Hp as is the case with a direct crossover in pinning regimes. Isofield plots of the scaled activation energy obtained from flux-creep data are found to be a smooth function of temperature as the Hp(T) line is crossed, consistent with a single type of pinning regime operating at this field, independent of field orientation. The functional form of the Hp(T) lines in the resulting phase diagrams also support this view.


A new accurate procedure for the FEM solution of unbounded electromagnetic scattering problems is described. The scatterers are enclosed in a fictitious boundary on which a Robin condition is initially guessed, and then iteratively improved using the Green formula. The method does not present interior resonances and is easy to implement.


Arsenic reserves,mineral resources distribution and arsenic mining induced environmental pollution in China were analyzed.The known arsenic reserves were 3977 kt,and preserved reserves were 2796 kt,of which 87.1% existed in paragenetic or associated ores up to the end of 2003.The total arsenic preserved reserves owned by the provinces including Guangxi,Yunnan and Hunan accounted for 58.0% of the country's total reserves.Moreover,the arsenic preserved reserves in Nandan County,Guangxi Province and Gejiu County,Yunnan province accounted for 17.0% and 10.2% of the total reserves in China,respectively.Large amount of arsenic had been released to the environment in the process of mining and utilizing ore deposits.Up to 2003,the mined amount of arsenic reached 1392 kt in China.The exploited quantity of arsenic in Guangxi,Yunnan and Hunan provinces was 733,342 and 153 kt,respectively,so the environmental arsenic pollution in those areas was at high risk.The amount of arsenic discharged in the form of mining tailings accounted for about 70% of the total mined.A lot of arsenic pollution events had shown that the arsenic sources released from mining,smelting,and processing threatened people's health through contaminated soils,foods and atmosphere.Furthermore,the arsenic calamities often took place in Southwest China where there were rich arsenic resources and intense mining activities.


With the widespread abuse of information technology, pornographic and gambling websites develop rapidly. They affect the physical and mental health of children and endanger personal property. Therefore, it is necessary to detect them. However, the existing detection methods ignored that imperfect datasets are common in the scenario of pornographic and gambling websites which are hence adverse to the detection. Those imperfections specifically include sparse samples, mismatch and imbalanced datasets. In addition, over-reliance on visual features incurred high overhead.To overcome these shortcomings, we innovatively propose a lightweight graph-based method to detect pornographic and gambling websites through semi-supervised learning of textual content. The semi-supervised learning is to solve sparse samples and mismatch datasets, while the graph-based approach can combine the semi-supervised part with community discovery to deal with imbalanced datasets. Specifically, we perform the detection process with the utilization of modified TF-IDF and Louvain during the iteration and updating by the EM algorithm. The experimental results show that our method achieves the best 92.01% Macro-Avg-F1 with the shortest CPU time and outperforms all baselines. We also illustrate that the designed components in our model do contribute to the detection.


Currently, firm's dynamics urges management strategies to meet globalized market requirements. This study analyzes the impact of Logistics Flexibility on Competitiveness of Mexican manufacturing SMEs. By using the structural equations modeling and path diagram techniques, it shows the effects of the relationship hypothesized. Managerial significance of results strengthens decision taking and public policy making, providing essential information to managers, owners and human capital of firms' internal capacities and allocation of their strategical resources.


This study provides insight into the American public's perceptions of Montessori education one hundred years after its inception. The study is based on responses from an online survey with 1,520 members of an internet panel which was stratified to reflect the U.S. population based on age, ethnicity, gender, region, and income. The study answered research questions regarding how much the general public knows about Montessori education, perceptions of Montessori education and the attitudes and demographic characteristics that are associated with positive perceptions of Montessori education. The study found high awareness of the term "Montessori," but lower knowledge of the specifics of Montessori education. Generally favorable perceptions of Montessori education were also discovered along with less widespread evidence of commonly reported criticisms. Finally, and not surprisingly, familiarity with Montessori education led to more positive opinions of Montessori education as did stronger beliefs that schools should play a role in children's development beyond academics.


Aqueous rechargeable batteries are promising candidates for safe and large-scale energy storage systems, but their electrochemical performances are limited by anode degradation. Herein, poly(2,5-di...


A new TSV formation methodology based on advanced Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) with nanocomposites consisting of nano metal particles and block-co-polymers is proposed in this paper. Cylindrical nano-ordered structures are formed in Si deep holes through phase separation of polystyrene-block-poly methyl methacrylate polymers (PS-b-PMMA). The impact of molecular weight of the polymers, composition (PS/PMMA ratio), and phase separation temperature on the morphologies is discussed. In addition, simulation results using Self-Consistent Field (SCF) theory are introduced to make fine-pitch TSV.


A review of the book "Global Cities at Work: New Migrant Divisions of Labour," by Jane Wills, Kavita Datta, Yara Evans, Joanna Herbert, Jon May, and Cathy McIlwaine, is presented.


Image: di65186 - Fort Wright 50 home garage sale held in front yard of Joyce Matracia. A portion of the profits was to go to the city to help repay the $250,000 cost of winning the annex battle with City of Covington


This study is to examine relationships of several socioeconomic position indicators with mortality risk in a nationwide longitudinal study of South Korea. The Korea Labor & Income Panel Study, conducted on a probability sample of urban South Korean households by Korea Labor Institute, contains date of death information for the decedents which were used to estimate relative risks of mortality and their confidence intervals (CI) with Cox regression analysis. A total of 125 men and women among 8,415 subjects died between 1998 and 2002. Socioeconomic differentials in mortality were observed after adjustment for sex and age. Those with less than 12-year education had 1.90 times $(95\%\;CI


Purpose. To analyse the concept of patient violence towards mental health nurses. Design and Methods. A hybrid model was adopted with literature review of 103 studies and interviews with seven mental health nurses. Findings. Patient violence was defined as a violent incident committed by patients towards nurses vulnerable to physical, verbal, emotional, and sexual violence. It was a common and frequent phenomenon with multifactorial causes and is prone to be unreported. Practice Implications. Our study findings function as the conceptual framework to measure patient violence in relevant research and allow policy development to protect mental health nurses at the practice.


The invention discloses an automatic road guardrail monitoring device based on positioning. The device comprises a guardrail body and further comprises a touch induction circuit, a rectification filter circuit, a signal processing circuit, a control circuit, a GPS positioning circuit, a wireless transmission circuit and an antenna. The touch induction circuit is used for inducing touches of the surface of the guardrail body to obtain an induction signal. The rectification filter circuit is used for rectification and filtration. The signal processing circuit is used for conducting frequency analysis according to the rectified and filtered induction signal to obtain a frequency value. The control circuit is used for comparing the frequency value with a preset frequency value and generating a drive signal and a control signal according to a comparison result. The GPS positioning circuit is used for obtaining the coordinate position. The wireless transmission circuit is used for transmitting the frequency value and the coordinate position to an outer server through the antenna according to the control signal. By the adoption of the automatic road guardrail monitoring device, automatic and efficient monitoring can be achieved, and the safety performance of a road guardrail in the use process is improved.


The results presented in this study were obtained during the implementation of the Interreg-IPA CBC project Traditional and Standard Quality - TASQ (HUSRB/1602/41/0146). The main goal of this project was quality standardization and certification of traditional food products in order to expand their market presence within the Serbia and Hungary cross-border region, using innovative processing and marketing techniques. In order to achieve that, the TASQ quality assurance system was developed, and the common certification mark Q was registered by Intellectual Property Office (IPO) in both cooperating countries. Numerous traditional food products were collected and analysed for nutritional and sensory quality as well as for safety. In total, 158 products across nine groups of traditional foodstuffs (meat products, dairy products, honey, vegetable oils, processed fruits and vegetables, juices/beverages, pasta and baker's wares, confectionery, spices and teas) were certified with gold, silver or green Q mark, representing the quality level. A new internet platform (www.tasq.rs) was developed with the purpose to help traditional food producers to promote and sell their products on a wider market. The assigned trademark is clearly indicated for each certified product within the producers' profiles on TASQ internet platform, and represents a guarantee of product quality intended to raise customer confidence.


Acknowledgments. Preface. Foreword. Introduction. Chapter 1 A Reality Check. Why Do 90 Percent of Traders Lose? Common Mistakes Year One. Common Mistakes Year Two. Common Mistakes Year Three. How to Join the 10 Percent Winners' Circle. In Summary. Chapter 2 The Process of Trading. The Process of Trading. Chapter 3 Principle One: Preparation. Maximum Adversity. Emotional Orientation. Losing Game. Random Markets. Best Loser Wins. Risk Management. Trading Partner. Financial Boundaries. In Summary. Chapter 4 Principle Two: Enlightenment. Avoiding Risk of Ruin. Embracing Trading's Holy Grail. Expectancy. Opportunities. Pursuing Simplicity. Treading Where Most Fear. Validation. In Summary. Chapter 5 Principle Three: Trading Style. Trading Mode. Time Frames. Choosing Your Trading Style. Long-term Trend Trading. Short-term Swing Trading. Long-term Trend Trading Versus Short-term Swing Trading. In Summary. Chapter 6 Principle Four: Markets. Good Operational Risk Management Attributes. Good Trading Attributes. In Summary. Chapter 7 Principle Five: The Three Pillars. Money Management. Methodology. Psychology. Chapter 8 Money Management. Martingale Money Management. Anti-Martingale Money Management. Key Concepts. History. Anti-Martingale Money Management Strategies. Trading Forex-Trader Using a Single Contract with No MoneyManagement. Forex-Trader Using Fixed-Risk Money Management. Forex-Trader Using Fixed-Capital Money Management. Forex-Trader Using Fixed-Ratio Money Management. To Chase $18,000,000 in Profits or to Chase $1,500,000 inProfits, That is the Question. Forex-Trader Using Fixed-Units Money Management. Forex-Trader Using Williams Fixed-Risk Money Management. Forex-Trader Using Fixed-Percentage Money Management. Forex-Trader Using Fixed-Volatility Money Management. Which Money Management Strategy to Choose? Trading Equity Momentum. In Summary. Chapter 9 Methodology. Discretionary or Mechanical Trading. Creating a Methodology. Trend Trading. Not All Indicators are Bad. But Don't Markets Change? Multiple Methodologies. Basic Attributes of Winning Methodologies. Example of a Winning Methodology The Turtle TradingStrategy. Example of an Objective Trend Tool. Fibonacci: Fact or Fiction. Placebo Traders. In Summary. Chapter 10 Psychology. The Consensus View. Managing Hope. Managing Greed. Managing Fear. Managing Pain. Maximum Adversity. In Summary. Chapter 11 Principle Six: Trading. Putting it All Together. Trading: Order Placement. In Summary. Chapter 12 Just One Piece of Advice. Balance. The Market Masters. Ramon Barros. Mark D. Cook. A Diverse Group of Traders. Michael Cook. Kevin Davey. Tom DeMark. Lee Gettess. Daryl Guppy. Richard Melki. Geoff Morgan. Gregory L. Morris. Nick Radge. Brian Schad. Andrea Unger. Larry Williams. Dar Wong. A Wealth of Advice. Chapter 13 A Final Word. Appendix A Risk-of-Ruin Simulator. Simulator Variables. Model Logic. Simulator. DIY Simulator. Appendix B Risk-of-Ruin Simulator. DIY VBA Risk-of-Ruin Simulator. VBA Code for Risk-of-Ruin Simulator. Appendix C Risk-of-Ruin Simulations. Index.


New microstrip triangular patch resonator filters with two transmission zeros are proposed. The proposed bandpass filters have two transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. The effects of varying the parameters of the structure have been studied. The filters have been verified by simulation and measurement with good agreement.


Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides were extracted and assayed at frequent intervals for 30 seconds prior to and 60 seconds immediately following illumination of Chlorella cells. For these experiments a special illumination vessel was designed which dispensed 1 ml aliquots of algae with no dead volume. —White incandescent illumination of aerated Chlorella caused an immediate oxidation of its pyridine nucleotides. Under similar conditions blue light caused an initial reduction of these coenzymes. — White illumination of the alga perfused with CO2-free air caused a transitory reduction of the pyridine nucleotide followed by an oxidation and a second reduction, Blue light, under similar conditions caused an immediate reduction but no oxidation as seen with white light. — When suspensions were perfused with N2, illumination produced a prompt and rapid oxidation of NADH. The extent of this oxidation was greater in white than in blue light. Under these conditions NADP+ was initially reduced and subsequently, temporarily oxidised. — The evidence offers some support for Lundegardh's theory that blue light is more effective than red light in the photo-reduction of NADP+. The results are discussed with referemce to the demonstrated in vitro reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides by chloroplasts and the conflicting reports from in vivo kinetic studies of living photosynthetic organisms. A scheme is proposed to explain the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinetics as observed in these experiments.


fact, above stated, that the. surface, and consequently the number of pores, is increased when the growing hymenophore comes in contact with foreign substances which are not and cannot be digested by the fungus. It is not intended above to maintain that Polyporus applanatus does not digest and get nutriment from the small dead flies, but that the methods of growth of this and allied species are such that the reasons enumerated in Professor MacMillan's article do not seem sufficient to warrant the inference of a carnivorous habit. 'There is, however, a fact suggesting that the hyphae of the fruiting body of Polyporus are sufficiently different from those of the vegetative portion not to be concerned with nutrition or digestion. When two logs lie within a few inches of each other and a sporophore of Polyporus applina/us grows out of one log and across to the other, it may spread itself out somewhat upon the latter, but its hyphae do not seem to penetrate, even in cases where the logs are of the same species and in the same stage of decay. Again, a rotten leaf plastered against the growing hymenophore seems to be a serious obstacle to growth. Instead of sending in hyphm and digesting the leaf, the latter is covered from the edges as any perfectly indigestible substance would be, or if the leaf be too large the growth of the portion covered is abandoned. And yet, a priori reasoning would lead us to suppose that a rotten leaf would be more readily dealt with than a fly, being more nearly like the usual food of the fungus. Indeed, the very fact that the species of parasitic and saprophytic fungi show such decided preference for certain hosts is an important reason for doubting that Polyporits app/ina/lus makes active use of animal nourishment.-O. F. COOK, Huntington, N. Y.


Human pose recognition algorithm for monocular video was proposed to model human part parameters using video features combination with 3D motion capture data. Firstly Constant Part Appearance (CPA) Models and three-dimensional motion data projection constraint graph structure was defined. To simplify the reasoning process, a constraint graph of the spanning tree construction algorithm and the balancing algorithm were proposed. Combination with the proposed function mechanism, spanning tree of constraint graph and Metropolis-Hastings method, human motion under monocular video can be tracking and recognition, and inferring the 3D motion parameters. By using data-driven (Markov chain Monte Carlo MCMC) and constrain map, human motion limb recognition algorithm is proposed, and the method can be applied to data-driven online human behavior recognition. Experimental results show that the proposed method can recognize human motion action automatically and accurately in monocular video.


Abstract : The document is the final report of a balloon-borne selenodetic telescope study. Several basic telescope optical systems and their characteristics are discussed with an optimum configuration selected as the basis for the final design. Mechanical structures, thermal problems, focus control, and coarse and fine trading techniques are described. A section on expected system operation costs, based on historical data from previous balloon-borne experiments, is also included. (Author)


Hyperspectral image (HSI) clustering has been widely used in the field of remote sensing. However, most traditional clustering algorithms are not suitable for dealing with large-scale HSI due to their low clustering performance and high computational complexity. In this letter, we propose a novel fuzzy clustering algorithm, called fuzzy embedded clustering based on the bipartite graph (FECBG), to efficiently deal with large-scale HSI clustering problems. First, we propose the FECBG method that incorporates fuzzy clustering with the nonnegative regularization term based on the bipartite graph into a unified model, which has good clustering performance and reduces the sensitivity of fuzzy clustering to the initial cluster centers. Second, we adopt the fast spectral embedded method to obtain the low-dimensional representation of HSI data, to reduce the computational complexity. At last, we add the nonnegative regularization term based on the bipartite graph to fuzzy clustering, to constrain the solution space of the fuzzy membership matrix. Experimental results on several HSI data sets have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed FECBG algorithm.


To achieve high‐energy and stable aqueous rechargeable batteries, state‐of‐the art of anode materials are needed. Bismuth (Bi) has recently emerged as an attractive anode material due to its highly reversible redox reaction and suitable negative operating working window. However, the capacity and durability of currently reported Bi anodes are still far from satisfactory. Here, an in situ activation strategy is reported to prepare a 3D porous high‐density Bi nanoparticles/carbon architecture (P–Bi–C) as an efficient anode for nickel–bismuth batteries. Taking advantages of the fast channels for charge transfer and ion diffusion, enhanced wettability, and accessible surface area, the highly loaded P–Bi–C electrode delivers a remarkable capacity of 2.11 mA h cm−2 as well as high rate capability (1.19 mA h cm−2 at 120 mA cm−2). To highlight, a robust aqueous rechargeable Ni//Bi battery based on the P–Bi–C anode is first constructed, achieving decent capacity (141 mA h g−1), impressive durability (94% capacity retention after 5000 cycles), and admirable energy density (16.9 mW h cm−3). This work paves the way for designing superfast nickel–bismuth batteries with high energy and long‐life and may inspire new development for aqueous rechargeable batteries.


Salt stress, considered as one of the major factors, decreases crop productivity world-wide and hence, investigations are being made to understand the cellular basis of salt tolerance in plants. In our earlier studies, maintenance of redox homeostasis and energetics were found as key determinants of salt tolerance in a halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum (high salt accumulator). The redox homeostasis is defined as integrated ratio of different redox couples present inside the cell. In recent years, it has also been proposed as general stress response regulator in plants, bacteria as well as animals. In view of this, present study was performed to compare responses of redox state and energetics of S. portulacastrum with a glycophyte Brassica juncea (low salt accumulator). The data revealed activation of antioxidant defense in S. portulacastrum which either avoided or delayed the accumulation of different reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, due to the lack of co-ordination, although the non-enzymatic antioxidants were increased, significant oxidative damage was seen in B. juncea. Further, the decreased NADPH oxidase activity suggested that basal redox signaling was also affected in B. juncea. In order to correlate these changes with chloroplastic and mitochondrial electron transport chain, NADP/NADPH and NAD/NADH ratios were measured. The NADP/NADPH ratio suggested that the process of photosynthesis was minimally affected in S. portulacastrum which might have contributed to its lower level of ROS under salt stress. The comparatively lower NAD/NADH and ATP/ADP ratios in S. portulacastrum as compared to B. juncea indicated the active and better utilization of energy generated to support different processes associated with salt tolerance. Thus, the findings suggest that co-ordinated regulation of antioxidant defense to avoid oxidative damage and proper utilization of energy are the key determinants of salt-tolerance in plants.


We introduce a new beam steering concept of the "Risley grating" that consists of independently rotating inline polarization gratings (PGs). The Risley grating concept replaces the bulky prismatic elements of the Risley prisms with thin plates containing polarization gratings, and employs their highly polarization-sensitive diffraction. As rotating two PGs, the output beam tracks within a field-of-regard (FOR), which is determined by the grating period and their relative orientations. Since PGs are typically patterned in thin liquid crystal layers (a few μm thick), the system can be implemented with far less thickness and weight. In addition, these thin gratings can be placed with virtually zero proximity and the beam walk-off becomes negligible. We demonstrate the Risley grating that performs continuous steering with 62° FOR and 89-92% transmittance at 1550 nm wavelength. The governing equations for the steering angles of the Risley grating in the direction cosine space are also presented.


I want to argue in this paper that a quite simple constituency model for syllabic structure, plus assumptions about the placement of boundaries, can bring together some apparently unrelated phenomena in a satisfying way. Among these are aspects of Old English noun morphology, the phonotactics of Swedish, the nature of the neutralization of quantity in North Germanic, two apparently 'aberrant' types of alliteration-bearing syllables in Old Germanic verse, and the problem of the moric structure of 'short' diphthongs in Old English and elsewhere.


In this study, language transition among the children of Caribbean immigrants in the US is examined from two main perspectives. First, speeds of language transition among children in French- and Spanish-Caribbean immigrant families are compared. Second, the mediating roles of socio-demographic factors and sibling characteristics in language transition are also examined. The results reveal that, with increasing assimilation, children in French-Caribbean families experience a faster transition to English monolingualism than their counterparts with Spanish-Caribbean parents. Transition to English monolingualism is also negatively associated with the number of first-generation siblings within a household. However, increases in the number of second- and first-generation monolingual-English siblings significantly shift children's language use towards complete Anglicisation. Instructively, this impact offsets the influence which ethnically endogamous parents have on the retention of the mother-tongue within immigrant families.


The present invention relates to a anti-reflection film applied to the front portion of the thin-film silicon solar cell, a solar reflective film to remove the hydrogen dilution and the carbon dioxide diluted to a TiO


T HERE can be no question that the recent war introduced a new era in which the old views of life have become seriously modified. Everywhere throughout Western civilization the mass of the people are demanding that they take over and administer affairs. Old political parties have often disappeared or been relegated to the rear. The commingling of young men from all classes of the population in the various resistance movements against the Germans resulted in all countries in the spread of views that before the war would have been regarded as revolutionary. Nowhere has this been more pronounced than in international affairs. In every country there is a determination that the small group of men who controlled its foreign relations in the past and failed to prevent the recent horrible war shall no longer be without curb in their control. This urge has resulted in an unofficial movement of adult education that is of great importance but has met with little public attention. In France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Sweden there have been formed groups, similar to the Council on Foreign Relations in our country and to the Royal Institute of International Affairs in Britain, for the scientific study of the problems of international affairs. But the movements in those countries are far more democratic than the activities of these two organizations. Their intention is to foster in their countries the splendid kind of organized democratic education in foreign affairs carried on in our country by the Foreign Policy Association, especially in its excellent publications. This movement for popular education in international affairs has become widespread and vigorous. It is only in a transition state but already is bearing fruit. In England it has led to two significant innovations in the Foreign Office, traditionally the citadel of


Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising next‐generation rechargeable batteries due to thier high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the extremely low electrical conductivity of sulfur and the dissolution of polysulfides limit their actual electrochemical performances, especially in the case of high sulfur mass loading. Here, a new strategy based on intrinsic point defects of materials is proposed to simultaneously enhance the electrical conductivity of active material and regulate the migration of polysulfides. Taking advantage of ultrathin and lightweight Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 (BTS) interlayers with high‐density antisite defects on the separator surface, the Li–S battery with BTS interlayer shows a capacity of 756 mAh g−1 at 2C and a low capacity decay rate of 0.1% over 300 cycles. The BTS interlayer can not only enhance the active material utilization but also improve capacity retention. The defect engineering strategy accompanied with facile method is promising for the development of advanced Li–S batteries for practical application.


A study was undertaken into Voigt wave propagation in a homogenized composite material (HCM). The HCM investigated arose from a porous electro–optic host material infiltrated by a fluid of refractive index na, considered in the long–wavelength regime. The extended Bruggeman homogenization formalism was employed to estimate the constitutive parameters of the HCM. In principle, the directions which support Voigt wave propagation in the HCM may be controlled by means of an applied dc electric field; and the degree of control may be sensitive to the porosity of the host material, the shapes, sizes and orientations of the pores, as well as the refractive index na. Here the theoretical methodology is presented; numerical results are presented elsewhere.


Reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton is required for proper functioning of platelets following activation in response to vascular damage. Formins are a family of proteins which regulate actin polymerisation and cytoskeletal organisation. Several formin protein are expressed in platelets and so we used an inhibitor of formin mediated actin polymerisation (SMIFH2) to uncover the role of these proteins in platelet spreading. Pre-treatment with SMIFH2 completely blocks platelet spreading in both mouse and human platelets through effects on the organisation and dynamics of actin and microtubules. However, platelet aggregation and secretion are unaffected. SMIFH2 also caused a decrease in resting platelet size and disrupted the balance of tubulin post-translational modification. These data therefore demonstrated an important role for formin mediated actin polymerisation in platelet spreading and highlighted their importance in cross talk between the actin and tubulin cytoskeletons. Key Points Inhibition of FH2 domains blocks platelet spreading and disrupts actin and microtubule organisation Inhibition of FH2 domains causes a reduction in resting platelet size but not by microtubule coil depolymerisation FH2 domains play a role in the post-translational modification of microtubules Visual abstract


This Bachelor's dissertation analyses the noise and timing properties of a gas electron multiplier (GEM) based time projection chamber (TPC) prototype, proposed for the International Linear Collider (ILC). The data used are from an in-beam test at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) in February-April 2009. It is found to be a system with low noise and few, if any, systematic spatial correlations of the noise. There is a correlation of noise and pedestal level in read-out channels on certain front end cards (FECs). The drift velocity is 7.60 ± 0.09 cm/μs. The time resolution is 10.85 ± 0.10 ns, corresponding to a z direction resolution of 0.7812 ± 0.0072 mm. It is proposed that the FEC dependence of the noise is investigated further, as well as the track width in the z direction. A complimentary computer simulation study is also suggested.


A priori assumption in micromechanical analysis of polymeric networks is that the constitutive polymer strands are of equal length. Monodisperse distribution of strands, however, is merely a simplifying assumption. In this paper, we relax this assumption and consider a vulcanized network with a broad distribution of strand length. In the light of this model, we predict the damage initiation and stress-stretch dependency in a filled polymer network with random internal structures. The degradation of network mechanical behavior is assumed to be controlled by the adhesive failure of the strands adsorbed to the filler surface. We show that the short adsorbed strands are the culprits for damage initiation and their finite extensibility is a key determinant of mechanical strength.


The ongoing debate on the global warming and climate change highlights the possibility of increased incidences of extreme weather events world-wide, as the earth's mean temperature is expected to rise steadily in the next 100 years according to most climate model projections. The recent IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) document (IPCC, 2001) categorically states: The globally average surface temperature is projected to increase by 1.4C to 5.8C over the period 1990 to 2100. The projected warming is much larger than the observed changes during the twentieth century and is very likely to be without precedent during at least the last 10,000 years. The Climate Change document also summarizes various extreme weather events and their observed and projected changes based on model simulations. Among the extreme weather events summarized by IPCC are: Higher maximum temperature and more hot days over nearly all land areas; increase of heat index over land areas; more intense precipitation events and increased summer continental drying and associated risk of drought. Besides these weather events, the Climate change document also makes projections of major climatic events and states: El Nino events may show small increase in amplitude but its impact in terms of droughts and floods will increase. The warming associated with increasing greenhouse gas concentration will cause an increase of Asian summer monsoon variability. A number of recent papers appearing in peer-reviewed literature have questioned many of the IPCC projections on future warming of the earth's surface and associated increase in extreme weather events. It is important to briefly review these recent studies and make an assessment of present status of the global warming science. Such an assessment is essential for developing a Climate Policy consistent with the emerging view of the state of science. In this viewpoint, some of the climate model projections are briefly assessed in the light of recent studies.


In this paper we proposed a new lifetime distribution namely generalized weighted Lindley (GLW) distribution. The GLW distribution is a straightforwardly generalization of the weighted Lindley distribution proposed by Ghitany et al. [A two-parameter weighted Lindley distribution and its applications to survival data, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 81, (2011) p.1190-1201], which accommodates increasing, decreasing, decreasing-increasing-decreasing, bathtub, or unimodal hazard functions, making the GWL distribution a flexible model for reliability data. We provide a significant account of mathematical properties of the new distribution. Different estimation procedures are also presented such as, the maximum likelihood estimators, method of moments,the ordinary and weighted least-squares, percentile, maximum product of spacings and minimum distance estimators. The different estimators are compared by using extensive numerical simulations Finally, we analyze two data sets for illustrative purposes, proving that the GWL outperform several usual three parameters lifetime distributions.


This paper deals with an Eulerian-Lagrangian model for dispersed multiphase flow in which all the interactions of any kind are taking into account. The fluid phase and particles interactions are two way coupled while all the collisions between the particles or between the particles and the walls are calculated. The Navier-Stokes equations (fluid phase continuity and momentum equations including exchange from the particle to the fluid is modeled to simulate the effect of the presence of the particles in the fluid phase) are solved on a staggered Eulerian grid by a finite volume discretisation type method. The originality of the Lagrangian approach used here for the particles motion, lies in the way of managing the collisions which are calculated using simple mechanical models such as a spring, dashpot and friction slider at the contact points following the Distinct Element Method DEM [1]. In the Lagrangian stage, motion's calculation of each discrete particle including collisions effects is generally time consuming. In the context of this paper we shall show how to optimized the contacts tracking algorithm in an efficient way to increase significantly the capability of the DEM.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


Organic acids, sugars and carotenoids are implied in the fruit quality. A cybrid has been obtained by symmetric protoplast fusion between Willow leaf mandarin (Citrus deliciosa Ten.) and Eureka lemon (Citrus limon (L.) Buno.). The cybrid possessed nuclear genome and chloroplasts of Eureka lemon plus mitochondria from Willow leaf mandarin. Impact of new mitochondria on the internal fruit quality has been studied. Organic acids, sugars and carotenoids were quantified by HPLC on fruit pulp of Willow leaf mandarin, Eureka lemon and the cybrid. Compounds identified in cybrid fruit pulp were compared to those from fruits of his two diploid parents. The cybrid was found to be very close to lemon parent in biosynthesis of components involved in citrus fruit quality (Organic acids, sugars and carotenoids) although the presence of Willow leaf mandarin mitochondria in the cybrid cells. The results obtained confirm that the main genetic information for sugars, organic acids and carotenoids biosynthesis are contained in the nucleus. No significant difference is observed in sugars and carotenoid pulp fruit between the cybrid and the lemon but the organic acids level are slightly modified in quantity in the cybrid probably because of a nucleo-mitochondria interaction. Cybridisation should be used in citrus as a strategy to breed specific traits associated with mitochondrial genomes such as male sterility without affecting the main organoleptic and nutritional qualities. (Texte integral)


Agricultural water is directly related with grain production security. This article analyzes how to allocate the water resources in terms of grain production. First , for the whole country, we established the VAR mathematical model with the data of 1983 to 2008 to test the relationships between the total amount of water and the agriculture production and forecast the water consumption in 2020. Then focusing on the major grain producing areas, we examine the main index and the pressure index, from which we find that the amount of agricultural water in major areas fail to satisfy the demand of production, and that unbalanced development exists between different areas with several areas especially serious. At last, we point out that, to ensure the security of agriculture production and the sustainable utilization of water resources, the government should take measures not only to prevent water pollution and reduce water consumption, but also to improve inter-basin water transfer planning.


Power flow along triple-core couplers with an arbitrary isoscelean symmetry is obtained directly from the familiar solution for twin-core couplers. The first results for arbitrary input conditions are presented.


This paper presents the design of an analog CMOS Gilbert cell Mixer for RF Receiver front end application. Input RF frequency of the mixer is 2.4GHz and operated at 1.8V power supply. The schematic has been implemented using UMC-180nm CMOS technology and simulated on spectre-RF simulator of Cadence. The input RF and LO frequency of the proposed mixer is 2.4GHz and 2.25GHz respectively, resulting in an output IF frequency of 250MHz. It achieves a conversion Gain of around 13dB and considerable NF. IIP3 and 1-db Compression point are also measured. Layout design and extracted view of the mixer is also presented in this paper.


population, environment and resource are three themes in 21st century. This article expounds the influence on the environment from three aspects: land, water and air, and brings forward the corresponding advices for mining area, and take the FuRong mine terra as an example.


On the basis of brief introduction of Analytic Hierarchy Process algorithms and its research status in flow shop, a kind of AHP-based scheduling Evaluation method is proposed for semiconductor manufacturing line. An expert's experience and judgment are syncretized into hierarchy structure for making an integrated analysis and judgment towards the considered problem. An example of Intel real-world data evaluation process is used to explain this method. The result shows that the approach made the scheduling approach selection complete, scientific and precise.


On account of chitinolytic nature of certain keratinophilic fungi, bioefficacy of Chrysosporium evolceanui spore suspension was tested against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The median lethal concentration of the spore suspension of the fungus was observed as 9.0 x 103 sp/ml and 5.6 x 103 sp/ml after 24 and 48 hours of exposure, respectively, against culicine larvae. The spores invaded the head region of the larvae, however, the entry restricted in thorax and abdominal region. It was found more effective in the case of anopheline larvae with LC50 1.4 x 103 sp/ml after 24 hours and 1.1 x 103 after 48 hours of treatment.


Research Findings: Emotion knowledge (EK) enables children to identify emotions in themselves and others, and its development facilitates emotion recognition in complex social situations. Sociocognitive processes, such as theory of mind (ToM), may contribute to developing EK by helping children realize the inherent variability associated with emotion expression across individuals and situations. The present study explored how ToM, particularly false belief understanding, in preschool predicts children's developing EK in kindergarten. Participants were 60 Head Start children ages 3 to 5 years. ToM and EK measures were obtained from standardized child tasks. ToM scores were positively related to performance on an EK task in kindergarten after we controlled for preschool levels of EK and verbal ability. Exploratory analyses provided preliminary evidence that ToM serves as an indirect effect between verbal ability and EK. Practice or Policy: Early intervention programs may benefit from including lessons on ToM to help promote socioemotional learning, specifically EK. This consideration may be most fruitful when the targeted population is at risk.


In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to how to effectively manage rumor propagation. Based on previous studies of rumor propagation and some strategies used by the authorities to refute rumors and manage rumor propagation, we develop a new rumor-propagation model with consideration of refutation mechanism. In this paper, we describe the dynamic process of rumor propagation by accounting for the refutation mechanism in homogeneous social networks. And then, we derive mean-field equations for rumor-propagation process. We then analyze the stability of the model with respect to changes in parameter values. Our results show that there exists a critical threshold that is inversely proportional to the average degree of the social networks and is positively correlated with the strength of the refutation mechanism. If the spreading rate is bigger than the critical threshold , rumors can be spread. Our numerical simulations in homogeneous networks demonstrate that increasing the ignorant's refutation rate can reduce the peak value of spreaders density, which is better than increasing the spreader's refutation rate . Therefore, based on the seriousness of the rumor propagation and the rumor-propagation rate, the authorities can choose effective strategies that increase the refutation rate so that they can reduce the maximum influence of the rumor.


Abstract The gas-phase vibration-rotation emission spectrum of the CD radical in the X 2 Π state was observed in the 1832-2150 cm −1 region with a high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer. The CD radicals were generated by a dc discharge in a CD 4 and He mixture. The spectra of the ν = 1 - 0 and 2 - 1 bands were analyzed by an effective Hamiltonian in Hund′s case ( a ) parity-conserving basis set written in the N 2 -formalism. Molecular constants of the vibrationally excited states were determined for the first time with a high precision, and the equilibrium molecular constants were determined: ω e = 2100.3457(10) cm −1 , ω e x e = 34.15582(39) cm −1 , B e = 7.807826(33) cm −1 , and α e = 0.212255(80) cm −1 , with one standard deviation given in parentheses. The internuclear distance, r e was also determined to be 1.117915(10) A from the corrected equilibrium rotational constant for the second-order electronic contribution to the rotational constant. Quantitative discussions on the Herman-Wallis effect are presented for the CH and CD radicals. The analysis of this effect on the CH radical led to the transition moment of -0.190(11) D for the ν = 1 - 0 band.


The planting season for most food crops in the forest belt of Nigeria is mainly concentrated in the months of March and April. This paper, therefore, examined the planting season's rainfall trends and droughts using five synoptic weather stations (Benin, Ondo, Warri, Port Harcourt and Calabar) in the forest belt of Nigeria. The planting season's rainfall and rain-days covering between 1941 and 2012 were computed from the data for the months of March and April. The trends of the rainfall and rain-days were analyzed using simple linear regression, second order polynomial and correlation. The coefficient of variation was used to investigate rainfall and rain-days variability. Drought intensities in the planting season were computed as percentage deviation from the mean. The results, among others, revealed declining trends of the planting season's rainfall in Warri, Port Harcourt, and Calabar, with regression coefficients of -0.71, -1.94 and -0.31 respectively, while Ondo and Benin showed increasing trends with regression coefficients of 0.17 and 0.11respectively. Warri, Ondo, Port Harcourt and Calabar revealed decreasing trends of the planting season's rain-days with -0.07, -0.09, -0.12 and -0.05 regression coefficients respectively while only Benin showed increasing trends with regression coefficients of 0.02. Port Harcourt and Calabar witnessed the highest and lowest magnitudes of rainfall and rain-days variability. The planting season's drought intensities varied from slight to disastrous, but regardless of drought intensities, Port Harcourt was the worst hit while Ondo and Calabar were the least hit. The paper recommends irrigation during the planting season in the forest belt of Nigeria to reduce the incidences of poor germination and wilting. Drought tolerant crop varieties should be cultivated while rainfall prediction and extension services should be intensified to enable local farmers align planting of food crops with prevailing rainfall trends.


Background: Smoking is a known risk factor for decreasing pulmonary function. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking and lung function considering obesity and age group.Methods: This study was based on the data collected during the 2016 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES VII). A total of 3,411 adults were retrieved from KNHANES VII. Among 3,411 adults, we studied 1,411 male subjects. Impaired lung function was measured by spirometry at least twice. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance.Results: In this study, forced expiratory volume in the first second was associated with smoking status (P=0.024). The association was stronger in old subjects (P=0.008). Also, in the obese group, the association of lung function with smoking status was not significant, but the association was significant in the non-obese group (P=0.019).Conclusions: In this study, Smoking was significantly associated with impaired lung function. The association was stronger in old men and obese men. In order to obtain an accurate assessment of the association between smoking and pulmonary function values, further prospective cohort study in the future is necessary.


s: Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical studies of Viscum articulatum Burm. f., Evaluation of Viscum articulatum Burm.f. Pharmacognostic investigation and determination of some of physical constants of the stem and powdered whole plant Viscum articulatum Burm.f. The stem and dried coarsely powdered whole plant Viscum articulatum Burm.f. was used for macroscopic and microscopic diagnostic evaluation using Motic microscope. Determination of quantitative standards and preliminary phytochemical screening were done as per the standard guideline of World health organization. Observation of organoleptic characters confirmed that Viscum articulatum Burm. f. was a leafless, much branched, hemiparasitic shrub. The transverse section of stem shown to consist of epidermis covered with cuticle as well the presence of the parenchymatous cells, lignified fibres, calcium oxalate crystals and vascular bundles. The microscopical examination of powdered whole plant has also shown the presence of lignified fibres, vascular bundle, starch grains, epidermis and parenchyma. The results of analytical parameters of powdered whole plant material were total ash-11.45% w/w, water soluble ash-2.9 %w/w, acid insoluble ash-0.5 %w/w, loss on drying6.4 % w/w and water soluble and alcohol soluble extractive values were found to be 28.72 % w/w and 13.76 % w/w respectively. The qualitative chemical tests of powdered whole plant revealed the presence of triterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins and glycosides. The present study might be helpful for identification and standardization parameters of specific species of Viscum articulatum Burm.f.


The aim of the presented work is to substantiate the key role of the university as a generator and aggregator of scientific, educational, production and innovation processes. Currently, in modern works describing the development and interaction of science, education and innovation, the main model is the triangle model, where they are located at its vertices. According to the authors, for a complete description of real processes in the mentioned area, the model of this triangle is not enough, since it does not take into account the interrelationships of science, education and innovation with production. Therefore, in this work, the authors propose several other models that more fully describe the processes and relationships in this area, and in particular, the problem of combining the educational environment with production is solved. The main triangle model and other models presented by the authors are proposed to be investigated in this paper on the basis of graph theory.


The temperature dependence of full width at half maximum of bands associated with δ d(OClO)F2, δ(CSC), and ρ(CH3) vibrational modes in the FT-RS spectra of [Mn(OS(CH3)2)6](ClO4)2 have shown that the dynamic of reorientational motions of and CH3 groups (from (CH3)2SO) undergoes distinct changes at the phase transitions at T  ≈ 365 K and T  ≈ 322 K. These are the phase transitions from stable crystal to stable rotational phase and from metastable crystal to metastable rotational phase, respectively. Moreover, characteristic changes of the Raman spectra at these phase transitions, connected with both the shift of the band positions and the scattered light intensity of the bands associated with ν s(SO), ν s(MnO), δ(CSC), and δ(OMnO) modes, suggest that these phase transitions are associated with crystal structure changes, too. Analysis of temperature dependence of the second moment (M2) of 1H NMR showed that on first heating (from room temperature) of the compound the reorientations of the CH3 groups were set in motion in the phase transition at T  ≈ 365 K. On subsequent heating (after cooling the compound to 100 K) molecular reorientation starts just above 150 K, and above the temperature of 223 K all molecular groups containing protons perform nearly free rotation with frequencies of a few kHz, including an isotropic reorientation of the whole [Mn(OS(CH3)2)6]2+.


In order to solve the problem that the Low Density Lattice Codes(LDLC) cannot be applied in power limited channels,an LDLC shaping algorithm based on sign bits is proposed. Based on the algorithm of sign bits shaping and combined with the characteristic of low density lattice codes,this algorithm solves the minimizing average power information sequence by the min-sum algorithm. The shaping gain and the information power changes before and after shaping are analized. The simulation result shows that after shaping the code power is significantly less than that before shaping. The shaping gain is up to 0. 53 dB. At the same time,it is simple to realize inverse shaping at receiver by using this method.


TPS11073Background: MLN0128 (Millennium/Takeda) is a selective and highly potent ATP competitor of both mTORC1 and mTORC2. MLN0128 has demonstrated substantial activity in preclinical sarcoma model...


................................................................................................................................... ii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... iv Chapter One: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 The Centrality of Corruption Concepts in the Modern State ............................................... 2 Research Questions ............................................................................................................. 8 Structure of the Thesis ......................................................................................................... 8 Chapter Two: Theoretical Considerations ............................................................................. 14 Part One: Conventional Approaches .................................................................................. 15 Part two: Corruption as Discourse ..................................................................................... 35 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 52 Chapter Three: Research Design and Methodology .............................................................. 55 Why Britain and Germany? ................................................................................................ 55 Case Study Selection .......................................................................................................... 60 Data Collection ................................................................................................................... 72 Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 75 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 79 Chapter Four: Corruption Discourse in Britain ...................................................................... 82 Discovering Corruption Discourse: The Duke of York Case 1809 ...................................... 82 Contesting the State: The Drive for Electoral Reform 1830 to 1832 ................................. 97 Consolidating State Administration: The Corrupt Practices Act 1889 ............................. 114 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 119 Chapter Five: Corruption Discourse in Germany ................................................................. 122 The curious absence of corruption debate before the 1870s ......................................... 123 Discovering Corruption in times of Authoritarianism: The Tausch Affair and the Corruption of Corruption Discourse ................................................................................ 125 Erzberger versus Helfferich and the Hyper-Contestation of the Weimar Republic ........ 136 Consolidating Democracy: Der Spiegel in the early Bundesrepublik ............................... 145 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 157 Chapter Six: Comparison and Theory-Building .................................................................... 159 Comparative History as the Contrast of Contexts ........................................................... 160 Comparative History as the Parallel Demonstration of Theory ....................................... 174 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 189


This paper focuses on developing a generalized CRC code where the user can vary the size of the generator polynomial [1] such as 9 bits (CRC-8), 17 bits (CRC-16), 33 bits (CRC-32), 65 bits (CRC-64). The working of the code has been shown taking an example and the resulting simulations obtained are shown.


In this study, it is evaluated for fracture toughness to analyze crack resistance properties of particulate reinforced composite propellant. Fracture toughness test using WST specimen is conducted by temperature conditions from 50°C to –60°C. Evaluation method for fracture toughness calculated using an equation suggested by ASTM E399 with linear elastic fracture mechanics. From these result, splitting loads and stress intensity factors of propellant increase according to decrease of test temperature. Also, the strain fields of specimen surface using digital image correlation increase as temperature decreased from 50°C to –40°C, but it sharply decreases at –60°C because of brittle behavior. 초 록 본 연구에서는 파괴인성에 대하여 입자강화 복합재 추진제의 균열저항 특성을 분석하기 위하여 평 가되었다. 50°C 에서 -60°C까지 온도 범위에서 WST 시험편을 이용하여 파괴인성시험이 수행되었다. 파괴인성에 대한 평가방법은 선형탄성파괴역학에 기초한 ASTM E399를 이용하여 산출하였다. 추진 제의 분열하중과 응력확대계수는 온도가 내려감에 따라 증가하고 있다. 또한 디지털 이미지 상관법 을 이용하여 가시화된 변형률장은 온도가 50°C에서 –40°C로 내려갈수록 증가하나, –60°C에서 변형 률장은 취성거동으로 인해 크게 감소한다.