This paper examines the value relevance of regulatory bank capital components. Using quarterly U.S. bank data from 2001 to 2015, we empirically examine the value relevance of the following capital components: i) Tier 1 capital, ii) regulatory adjustments, and iii) Tier 2 capital. Our research design relies on multiplicative regression models that mitigate shortcomings of conventional research designs. Our results show that the value relevance of components of bank capital is stable over time, and only diminishes slightly during the global financial crisis. The regulatory adjustments generally have a negative association with market returns. Additional results show that positive adjustments to bank capital, e.g. Tier 1 hybrid capital instruments, are negatively associated with market returns. On the other hand, important deductions from capital (goodwill and intangibles) are positively associated with market returns. The association of Tier 2 capital with market returns becomes strongly negative after the fall of Lehman brothers. These results reveal inconsistencies in the way regulators define regulatory capital.


INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: It is necessary to quickly establish if azotemia is acute or chronic as it plays vital role in initiating treatment and in preventing its progression. When a patient presents with renal failure, it is often difficult to ascertain whether the individual is suffering from acute or chronic renal failure. Efforts were made to use fingernail creatinine to differentiate between the two. While some studies found this useful, there are studies which were inconclusive. The aim of the study was to determine usefulness of finger-nail creatinine in relation with serum creatinine in patients with renal failure.


This article draws up a genealogy of the notion of norms of thought, in the style of Bernard Williams (Truth and Truthfulness, 2002), from Locke to Peirce. It is shown how the idea of a norm was introduced into the Kantian context, going from the idea of ethical and juridical norms to that of norms of logic, which was taken up by the neo-Kantians and elaborated in the framework of James's ethics of beliefs.


As World Wide Web usage has grown dramatically in recent years so has grown the recognition that Web caches especially proxy caches will have an important role in reducing server loads client re quest latencies and network tra c In this survey we present the most common architectures for web caching and their most important characteristics are outlined These architectures include proxy caching cooperative caching adaptive caching push caching and active caching Furthermore emphasis is given on the basic metrics and factors for evaluating proxy cache performance


This is the first in-depth study of the complete work of Heinrich Bll, one of the best known writers of postwar Germany. Bll became passionately invloved in the political upheavals and debates of his time, and all the major issues are reflected in his writings. His works were invariably provocative and were critically received in both academic and non-academic circles. Abroad he had the solid reputation of the "good German" who unambiguously condemned fascism and the less appealing features of the land of the Economic Miracle. In 1972 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, the first German to be so honoured since Thomas Mann in 1929, and his books sell by the millions. This study not only places Bll's writings in the context of contemporary political, social and literary developments but, at the same time, can be read as a lively history of the federal Republic.


The characteristics of the cloud drop size distribution near cloud base are initially determined by aerosols that serve as cloud condensation nuclei and the updraft velocity. We have developed parameterizations relating cloud drop number concentration to aerosol number and sulfate mass concentrations and used them in a coupled global aerosol/general circulation model (GCM) to estimate the indirect aerosol forcing. The global aerosol model made use of our detailed emissions inventories for the amount of particulate matter from biomass burning sources and from fossil fuel sources as well as emissions inventories of the gas-phase anthropogenic . This work is aimed at validating the coupled model with the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program measurements and assessing the possible magnitude of the aerosol-induced cloud effects on climate.


This paper will explore the effect of health status on economic growth. Over the past half century, economists and statisticians alike have estimated the effect of health status on economic growth through the use of a proxies, such as health indicators. A health indicator with which many are familiar, life expectancy, is a statistical measure of average lifespan based on birth year, sex, and other demographics. Economists like Bloom (2004) have reported the "positive, sizable, and statistically significant effect" of life expectancy on economic growth. Despite such findings, other economists, such as Pascale (2005), argue that life expectancy is an imperfect measurement of global health status. Such discrepancies between economists on the significance and magnitude of health indicators effect on economic growth are not unheard of. The debate over the efficacy of health indicators constitutes reason to investigate the validity of any measure of health status in its effects on economic growth. Life expectancy is one measure of health of health status; however, there is a refined metric developed in the 1990s by the World Health Organization, disability adjusted life years (DALY). DALY is a measurement of health loss which effectively sums the years of life lost as a result of premature death and the years of life lived with a disability. The initial motivation behind DALY was to develop a health metric capable of providing "consistent estimates of the incidence, prevalence, duration, and case-fatality" for disabling diseases around the world (Murray, 1996). In


The present study investigates the wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of the fruit of Luffa acutangula. The medicinal values of the Luffa acutangula have been mentioned ancient literature as useful in disorders of wound. Dried fruits of Luffa acutangula were powdered and extracted with ethanol using soxhlation method. Ethanolic extract of Luffa acutangula was evaluated for its wound healing activity in rats using excision wound model with help of Plethysmometer. Soframycin used as a standard drug. For this activity test groups received ethanolic fruit extract of Luffa acutangula. Results showed that in excision wound healing model, animals of standard treated and drug-treated (treated with ethanolic extract of Luffa acutangula) groups showed significant decrease in wound contraction ability, epithelialization period when compared to animals of normal control. INTRODUCTION: A wound may be defined as a break or injury in the epithelial layer of the skin or can be also defined as a loss or breaking of cellular and anatomic or functional continuity of living tissue. Wound healing studies mainly aim to detect various factors influencing healing process, so they could be either used or avoid in clinical practice to favorably alter the healing process 1 . Wound care can be traced back to early civilizations, and many of these treatments were based on the use of herbal remedies. Reports about medicinal plants affecting various phases of the wound healing process, such as coagulation, inflammation, fibroplasia, collagenation, epithelization and wound contraction are abundant in the scientific literature 2 .


Globally over 200,000 persons are afflicted with hemophilia. Topical treatments for perioperative intervention of hemophiliac bleeding are currently limited to fibrin glues, which have been used successfully to carry out dental extractions, orthopedic and non-orthopedic surgeries, and for circumcisions. Drawbacks of fibrin glues include risk of blood borne pathogen contamination and immunologic cross-reaction to factors II and V. Although topical hemostatic agents are available for treating traumatic bleeding in the field by military and EMS first responders, their effectiveness for treating bleeding in hemophilia, platelet disorders, surgery; and for other hemostatic defects observed in cirrhosis and other liver diseases and during anticoagulation therapy overdose, have not been studied. A new granular smectite hemostatic agent (WoundStat™ [WS]) has demonstrated 100% efficacy in producing hemostasis during high pressure traumatic arterial bleeding (Ward et al., J Trauma, 63:276–284, 2007; Carraway et al., Resuscitation, 78:230–235, 2008) and has been cleared for external use in cases of moderate to severe bleeds. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of WS in models of acquired and congenital hemophilia using a modified whole blood recalcified clotting time assay on the Actalyke Mini II activated clotting time (ACT) analyzer and empty G-ACT tubes devoid of contact phase activating reagents. Whole citrated blood recalcified to 10 mM with CaCl2 yielded clot times (CT) of 220 s, 210 s, and 230 s, respectively, for three normal donors. Acquired hemophilia A and B bloods were prepared by incubating normal citrated blood from an individual subject with function-blocking affinity purified polyclonal antibodies to factors VIII and IX, respectively. At near saturation, antibody to FIX (150 μg/ml) increased clotting times from 213 ±3 s to 405±11 s, while antibodies to FVIII (50 μg/ml) increased CT from 229 ± 6 s to 436 ± 17 s. Matched antibody controls to prothrombin fragment 1+2 (200 μg/ml) did not prolong baseline clot time (242 ± 5 s). Addition of WS at 1 mg/ml, shortened the prolonged clotting times of the acquired hemophilia bloods from 436 ± 17 sec to 223 ±2 sec (p


Discussions about ecological, technological, and managerial mechanisms for realising and distributing the benefits of watershed services have caught the attention of local, national, and international circles. Concomitant with these discussions has been the appearance of new social actors such as progressive NGOs and environmentalists, on the one hand, and local communities and rights-based social movements on the other. Although a 'watershed' is a biophysical feature, it must be seen also as a political construct which fosters a complex network of actors – from policy-makers, resource managers and NGOs to A woman washing vegetables by a mountain stream in Tingri County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China: human health is linked to the state of the ecosystem in which people live


approved: Thomas P. Dick This study investigated how the use of supercalculators (HP 28S and HP 48SX) affects students' conceptual understanding of differential and integral calculus. Students (n = 324) from 12 institutions throughout the United States studied an experimental curriculum emphasizing multiple representations (symbolic, numerical, graphical). (The curriculum was developed through the Oregon State University Calculus Project supported by the National Science Foundation.) In particular, these students were taught graphical and numerical methods for analyzing and solving problems with the aid of supercalculators. The specific research questions concerned: student's representational knowledge and concept image (representational facility, connection among representations, management of representations) and student's calculator usage and interpretation of calculator results (management of the calculator, conflict resolution and confidence in the calculator). The theoretical framework for the study is a concept image theory put forward by Tall and Vinner (1981). Redacted for Privacy Paper-and-pencil tasks were administered to the experimental students as well as 30 students from traditional calculus classes (18 from Oregon State University and 12 from a parallel class at a project site). Audio-taped task-based interviews were conducted with 33 experimental students and 31 traditional students. Results indicated that: Experimental students showed greater facility with graphical and numerical representations and exhibited better ties among the three representations than traditional students. Individual students do show definite preferences for certain representations but different factors influence their choices. More evidence of compartmentalization was observed among the traditional students than among the experimental students. Grades do not appear to be a good predictor of the quality of the connections among the representations. Students use of the calculator is closely tied to their management of representations. Students who lack confidence in their symbol manipulation skills appear to use the calculator more readily than those who are confident in their symbol manipulation skills. When a device (machine or a formula) is used to perform a computation in a routine fashion, those are results students look at least critically. Students' confidence in graphical information appearing on the screen is tied to having a priori information. In addition, the role of the instructor appears to be particularly important in terms of management of representations and of the calculator. Building Concept ImagesSupercalculators and Students' Use of Multiple Representations in Calculus


The influence arising from an ad-libitum extended-delayed sleep regime on the temporal distribution of REM, slow-wave NREM (stage 2) cycle durations, and waking EEG concurrent with auditory vigilance performance, was evaluated. Subjects were 16 normal healthy young adult males aged 18–24 years who slept 7–8 hr nocturnally. The experiment included an imposed 12–8:00 a.m. control condition and ad-libitum treatment of electrographically recorded laboratory sleep. On the control night the time for retiring was scheduled for 12:00 a.m. and awakening at 8:00 a.m. During the ad libitum treatment the subject was allowed to retire and awaken largely at his own inclination. From a central (C4–A1) electrocorticogram continuously recorded 1 hr after awakening, during evaluations on auditory vigilance, 1.5-sec epochs of 8–13 Hz alpha rhythm following task-relevant (signal) stimuli were integrated and rectified. The accumulation of slow-wave sleep declined systematically across cycles during both treatments. This atten...


Features a review of the book "A Nation of Counterfeiters: Capitalists, Con Men, and the Making of the United States" by Stephen Mihm.


The security property which is important in real world data processing has not been much considered in most conceptual data modeling techniques. This paper proposes the Secure Objet-RElationship Model(SOREM) which represents data integrity and security effectively. We present the simple graphical diagrams and fundamental security properties of SOREM. We also present rules that transform the schema of SOREM into a secure relational schema. SOREM can model not only static properties such as object class, attribute and relationship, but also dynamic properties guaranteeing data integrity and security in the conceptual database design step. The SOREM is useful in preventing the inconsistency of data between the schema definitions and the implementation of operations on those data.


The technique discussed, the Topographic Air Pollution Analysis System (TAPAS), was developed to provide valid information on the dispersion capability of the lower atmosphere in areas characterized by complex terrain features. A study was undertaken to assess the air quality (SO/sub 2/) impacts associated with energy development in the region and to determine the constraints on energy development due to regulated limitations on the amount of air quality degradation allowable in the area. The emission constraint analysis for the northern Puget Sound region indicated that total SO/sub 2/ emissions in the core area (on an annual basis) are less than half of the amount that could be tolerated in the entire core region while maintaining ambient concentrations within state and federal annual average limitations. However, comparison of source characteristics with source location and grid cell emission restrictions indicated that localized areas adjacent to the major point sources are already far in excess of the SO/sub 2/ carrying capacity. This conclusion is supported by air quality monitoring data that indicate state standard violations at several receptor locations within the study area. The annual maps of wind patterns and PI-Matrix values show areas of both good and poor dispersion characteristics under themore » most prevalent flow conditions.« less


(57) Abstract: The present invention, an annular wall (11), and a cap member including a top wall (34) connected to the annular wall (11) arranged and the annular wall in the. Arcuate pierce - plow member (12) is arranged at a position away from the annular wall (11) on the upper surface (8) of the upper wall (34). The piercing - plow member (12) includes a first plow base member having an inclined portion (17) and the substantially flat part (19) (15). The piercing - plow member (12) further includes a plow base member (15) of substantially piercing member disposed adjacent to the flat portion (19) (21). Said piercing member (21) includes a first portion and a second portion disposed at a position away from the first plow base member disposed adjacent to the first plow base member. The thickness of the second portion of the piercing member (21) is thicker than the thickness of the first portion of the piercing member (21).


The current study extends our earlier investigation on the real-time dynamics of print gap airflow around a single jetted drop over a moving substrate. In the present work, simulated web press printing was performed using a stationary grey-scale commercial inkjet print head to print full-width block of solid colour images onto a paper substrate with extended print gaps. The resultant printed images exhibit patterns or 'wood-graining' effects which become more prevalent as the relevant Reynolds number (Re) increases. The high-resolution scans of the printed images revealed that the patterns are created by oscillation and coalescence of neighboring printed tracks across the web. The phenomenon could be a result of drop stream perturbations caused by unsteady print gap airflow of the type similar to that observed in the previous study. ©2013; Society for Imaging Science and Technology.


This paper introduces the SAR simulation system realized by using Matlab. The SAR imaging algorithm with pulse compression is discussed, and simulated radar images are also presented. It is shown that the SAR simulation system is flexible due to the easy program language and powerful signal processing tools of Matlab.


Steam oxidation of iron metal which is the reverse reaction of the reduction of iron oxides as a hydrogen storage material was conducted under the condition of 673K with varied partial pressures of water vapor. The kinetic model of the steam oxidation of iron metal was expressed as the ordinary shrinking-core model with film diffusion control by experimental data obtained from thermogravimetric measurement. The apparent rate constant of steam oxidation was expressed as the Langmuir type equation against the partial pressure of water vapor. A model of a simulated moving bed-type reactor to solve the problem of over-reduction of materials was made. In our previous work (forthcoming), the kinetic model of the reduction of iron oxide with hydrogen was expressed as a shrinking-core model with reaction control, and the modeling of a simulated moving bed-type reactor was made with an irreversible reaction model. In this work, the modeling of a simulated moving bed-type reactor was achieved with the model of a reversible reaction consisting of reduction rate and oxidation rate.


The uncertainty measure for rough sets is one of the key problems in rough set theory.Rough membership function provides a new interpretation and a new uncertainty measure for rough sets.Tsang has made a reseach on the approximate operator in covering approximation space,and proposed a more reasonable covering rough set model.However,the uncertainty measure of this rough set has never been studied.Focusing on the third type of covering based generalized rough sets,the rough membership function of the third type of covering based generalized rough sets was defined,and hereby its fuzziness was defined based on the proposed rough membership function.


A method for the measurement of the gain-reflectance product of Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot (F-P) semiconductor lasers is proposed and compared to other techniques. The method is based on a nonlinear, least-squares fitting of the F-P modes to an Airy function. A separate fitting is performed over each mode, as measured with an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), so that the gain-reflectance parameters are extracted. The influence of the OSAs response function is considered by convolution of the Airy function with the response function of the OSA. By comparing with the Hakki-Paoli method, the mode sum/min method, and the Fourier series expansion method, we find that the nonlinear fitting method is the least sensitive to noise. However, owing to a broadening of the F-P modes of the semiconductor laser, the mode sum/min method combined with a deconvolution technique gives the least underestimated gain above threshold.


1955 saw the beginning of the second decade after the end of the world war of rapid evolution in transport based on the development of air travel on a mass scale and the growing use of roads. The introduction of two new forms of mass transport has led to a relative decline in the use of the older forms of travel by sea or train. Changes in transport, however, are working out their effects faster than the attempts to plan transport systems and to integrate forms of transport by state control and the creation of vast monopolies. State intervention in public transport, to which great attention was given both immediately before and immediately after the last war, has inevitably failed in its main purpose because the most important form of mass transport today—travel by road—is in private hands and is not regulated to any great extent. The number of cars in Western countries owned and operated by private individuals both for business and pleasure purposes, free from all restrictions as to route and time and influenced only partly by the normal economic factors of price, have played havoc with the overall schemes of integration. To many this is more evidence of the importance of competition and of an element of freedom necessary for efficiency, at least in capitalist societies. But we have here a curious blend of competition and freedom, with public transport largely state controlled. The distortions are likely to becomes serious in the future. The great carrier monopolies and international cartels limit the free play of economic forces.


The type of electromotor chassis that is purchased found the sidewall have lage amount of vibration during the test,in order to ensure the practical effects and natural life of the electromotor, machinist redesign the structure and analysis the structure to ensure projectthe actual needs and its service life.


This study discusses refugees who have been stranded in a transit country for years. These protracted refugees have to deal with a reality that the chance of getting resettlement in a third country has become slim, and the option of returning to their country of origin will only jeopardize their lives. Indonesia is not a state party to the 1951 Refugee Convention that lays a responsibility to assimilate refugees in the resettlement countries. Indonesia, however, has opened its door for refugees based on humanity's solidarity and the fact that Indonesia's legal framework on human rights acknowledges the right to seek asylum in other countries and abides by the non-refoulement principle. The situation has become problematic when the number of refugees coming to Indonesia has continued to increase, but Indonesia does not have a comprehensive refugee policy to support them. By looking at the case of refugees living in Pekanbaru, this study concludes that Indonesia should consider the local integration option as one of the viable solution to the protracted refugee situations in Indonesia.


Peizhi Mai, Seher Karakuzu, Giovanni Balduzzi, Steven Johnston, and Thomas A. Maier1,∗ Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6494, USA. Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200, USA. and ∗To whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: email@example.com. (Dated: June 4, 2021)


The aggression of modern tsarist Russia to Chinas northwest became aggravated and the situation in Chinas northwest is very perilous. Some intellectuals concerned about our country and our people felt that the foreign aggression became more and more urgent day by day, so they all devoted themselves to the historical and geographical research of Chinas northwest frontier, trying to expose the aggression ambition of tsarist Russia through research in order to arouse the attention of countrymen to the problem of Chinas northwest frontier. At that time, historical and geographical scholar group of Chinas northwest with three famous experts Xu Song, Zhang Mu and He Qiutao as heads formed and their research achievements emerged one after another, which set off the first high tide of historical and geographical research of Chinas northwest in modern times. The research had great effort both to the defense of Chinas northwest frontier then and to later research.


Hot pepper is among economically high value crops growing in Arba Minch areas and contributes alot to the livelihood of smallholder farmers who engaged in this on-farm business. In this important on-farm business, there are production costs related to purchasing inputs that can improve the productivity of crop and analyzing the financial profitability of the business is found to be very important. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess on-farm financial profitability of hot pepper production under different improved varieties and varied rates of NPS fertilizer at Arba Minch through partial budget analysis. The study consisted of three hot pepper varieties (Bako Local, MarekoFana and Melka Shote) and six rates of NPS fertilizer (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha-1). The treatments were laid-out in factorial arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the partial budget analysis indicate that application of 200 kg NPS ha-1 for Melka Shote variety gave the highest net benefit (185,649.90 ETB ha-1) with a maximum marginal rate of return (5411.20%) as compared to other treatment combinations. Moreover, the net benefit curve also revealed that application of NPS fertilizer beyond 200 kg ha-1 decrease the net benefit obtained from the production of hot pepper across the three varieties. Therefore, production of Melka Shote variety with the application of 200 kg ha-1 NPS fertilizer could make the producers financially profitable and improve their income.


Objective: To investigate the protedive effect of microspheres that contained dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP)encapsulated by the biodegradable synthetic polymers PLGA on murines of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by LPS. Methods: A rat model of ALI was induced by LPS. Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (C),LPS group (L),DSP group (D) and microspheres group (M). Histopathological examinations and the wet-to-dry lung weight ratio (E/D) were recorded.The percentage of PMN in mice bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and IL-8 and IL-10 in mice plasma were examined. Results: ① Pathological examination with light microscope in LPS group showed thickened pulmonary interstitial, inflammatory cell infiltration, edema and hemorrhage, that is to say the model of ALI were established successfully. ② The grades of ALI pathologic change, W/D in the lung, IL-8 in the blood and PMN% in the BALF in LPS group were significantly higher than those of the other groups, which were significantly decreased in DSP group and microspheres group as compared with those of LPS group (all P0.05), but no significant difference between DSP group and microspheres group (all P0.05) was found. ③ There was significant difference in the concentration of interleukin-10 among the four groups (P0.01).The concentration of IL-10 in LPS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.01) and was not significantly different to that of DSP group and microspheres group (both P0.05). And no difference between DSP group and microspheres group (P0.05) was found. Conclusion: The DSP-PLGA microspheres could protect ALI induced LPS.


This paper describes commerce secret as information is one of economic value information resources. So commerce secret information as a property right must be provided by legal protection and also it is information covered. It is determined that the commerce secret information is a kind of special knowledge property right of a system of property rights. Law nature limits of commerce secret determined by measurement provided for by law can promote research and development on commerce secret, which is beneficial to economic growing and scientific progress.


Growth of nano Si and Al wires on the Si(100) surfaces is investigated by computer simulation, including the anisotropic diffusion and the anisotropic sticking. The diffusion rates along and across the substrate dimer rows are different, so are the sticking probabilities of an adatom, at the end sites of existing islands or the side sites. Both one\|dimensional wires of Si and Al are perpendicular to the dimer rows of the substrate, though the diffusion of Si adatoms is contrary to that of Al adatoms, i.e. Si adatoms diffuse faster along the dimer rows while Al adatoms faster across the dimer rows. The simulation results also show that the shape anisotropy of islands is due to the sticking anisotropy rather than the diffusion anisotropy, which is in agreement with the experiments.


Etch damage of GaN was investigated using a quantum-well probe structure. A clear decrease in photoluminescence (PL) intensity was observed and was aggravated with increasing ion-beam voltage. The magnitude of decrease in PL intensity was much larger than expected, even greater than for GaAs subjected to similar etch conditions. Angle-dependent bombardment studies were carried out to investigate channeling as a damage mechanism in GaN. The large decrease in PL intensity observed near normal incidence or along the [0001] direction suggests that channeling is a damage mechanism for low-energy bombardment in GaN.


Cerdocyon thous is the South American canid with great geographic distribution. To the south of Ecuador, two isolated populations have been identified, living in different average temperatures and food availability. The objective was to measure the length, width, thickness and volume of the kidneys, length of renal vessels, and verify the renal skeletopy in two populations of C. thous. Kidneys and renal vessels were measured from 34 cadavers collected on highways in the Brazilian territory. From the Atlantic Forest biome (latitude 22o), 14 specimens (seven males and seven female) were analyzed, and from the Pampa biome (latitude 29o), 20 specimens (eight males and twelve female). On average, in the right antimere the kidneys measured 49.9 ´ 25.2 ´ 24.4 mm, had a volume of 16.5 cm3, the renal artery measured 21.3 mm and the renal vein 19.4 mm. In the left antimere, the kidneys measured 49.3 ´ 24.4 ´ 22.8 mm, with a  volume of 14.6 cm3 and the artery and vein measured 21.0 mm and 28.4 mm, respectively. The right kidney was always cranial and predominantly positioned ventrally to vertebrae L1–L3, while the left one was positioned ventrally to vertebrae L2–L4. There was no difference in the comparison between sexes or antimeres. Most renal dimensions were significantly higher in the specimens from the Pampa biome, possibly due to the body size and type of diet. This result warns of interpreting diagnoses that depend on the evaluation of the normal renal dimensions in this species.


Summary Solute transport down a soil plays a significant role in determining the potential contamination of ground water resources, particularly for the nitrate, heavy metals, arsenic and fluoride. The ability to predict the relative mobility of dissolved solute in the soil solution is of considerable value in managing land disposal of wastes and in fertilizer applications. Such predictive capability requires knowledge of physical, chemical and biological processes influencing solute behaviour in the soil environments. In this study, attempts have been made to explore nitrate transport through vertical soil column of several soils of different cropping systems viz., rice-wheat, rice-vegetable, vegetable-vegetable, pulse-pulse, orchards and sugarcane. Vertical soil leaching column studies were carried by spiking the nitrate solution (531.6 mg NO 3 - ) on the top of the saturated soil columns followed by constant water head flow of water at definite time interval (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 24 hours). It was observed that the nitrate retention on soils column was comparatively higher in the soils of orchard (82.1%) and rice-vegetable (approximately 70%) cropping system areas, whereas retention was noticed very low (>20%) in the soils of pulse-pulse cropping system areas. In addition, the break through curve (BTC) of NO 3 - leaching through different soil columns were drawn with respect to relative concentration (C o /C 1 ) of NO 3 - leachate against the pore volume (Pv) of the soil columns in the period (1 to 24 hours) of leaching.


I trust it will not be deemed foreign to the pursuits of the Society of Antiquaries, to receive some particulars respecting the Autograph of an individual, the magic of whose name must best plead as my apology for abstracting them from their graver subjects of inquiry. The individual I allude to is no less a personage than our immortal dramatic poet William Shakspere, to mention whom, and to excite curiosity and interest, I may, I believe, in any society of educated persons, assume to be inseparable. By the assistance of my friend Charles Frederick Barnwell, Esq. of the British Museum, I am enabled to lay before the Society an accurate fac-simile of the signature of this Great Man, written on the fly-leaf of a volume which, there is every reason to believe, once formed a part of his library, and which has hitherto, strange to say, been hidden from the knowledge and indefatigable researches of the whole host of Shaksperian commentators, collectors, and illustrators. Already, on the mere announcement of the fact, one might fancy, with nogreat effort of imagination, the shades of Warburton and Johnson, Tyrwhitt and Steevens, Ritson and Chalmers, Warton and Parr, again crowding round the volume, toview the characters traced by the hand of the Bard of Avon; again might we view the adoration of Boswel's bended knees, and on this occasion no sceptic sneer would distort the lip or depress the brow of the critical Malone.


The article investigates the history of the CER-10, the first Yugo-slav electronic computer, and the subsequent failed attempt for the establishment of the computer industry during the 1960s. While the CER-10 was an important milestone on the Yugoslav road to technological modernization, the aftermath of this project revealed myriads of problems of the entire Yugoslav state system, which included simultaneous implementation of conflicting economic policies, the heavy hand of Aleksandar Rankovic and the Yugoslav secret police in the country's economy, as well as the channeling of federal funds into Serbian companies without much economic rationale, all of which eventually ground the establishment of this high-tech industrial sector to a halt.


Using parameterized finite element models, we investigate the emplacement of both radial and circumferential intrusions in the configuration observed at Fernandina volcano in the Galapagos Islands. When situated within the edifice at depths consistent with petrological and surface displacement data, inflation of a mildly oblate magma reservoir to the point of rupture can initiate either radial or circumferential intrusions in response to minor, volcanologically plausible variations in reservoir geometry (i.e., aspect ratio). In addition, more oblate reservoirs inject lateral sills into an inflation‐derived stress field consistent with rotation about their propagation axis to form gently dipping radial dikes, a mode of behavior recently inferred from InSAR data at Fernandina. All three styles of intrusion occur in near‐surface configurations consistent with field observations.


Object track is a hot topic in the field of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Because the existing object tracking algorithm, which is based on Scale-invariant feature Transform (SIFT) and Particle Filter (PF), will make the feature points of target model be all deleted and not be added during the period of the full occlusion of the target, it isn't able to work. According to this problem, this paper introduced adaptive updating target model and object matching. The specific method is taking a object tracking method of SIFT and PF, taking Random sample consensus (RANSAC) to exclude error matching, stopping updating object model while establishing candidate one due to the losing of tracking object, and matching objects by Best Bin First (BBF) optimized by k-dimensional tree (k-d tree). The simulation results show that this method was robustness when the object reappeared after full occlusion.


First-principle calculations have been done for the Orthorhombic helical Polyoxymethylene. Electronic density of states calculation gives a value of 6.6 eV as the band gap. Phonon frequencies have been calculated at the Gamma point. Phonon modes show wave numbers ranging from 55 cm−1 to 3020 cm−1. The value of Dielectric constant has been experimentally determined. The gamma irradiation of the sample causes variations in the electronic and dielectric properties of the material. Electrical conductivity increases with increase in dosage of irradiation. Percentage of crystallinity increases where as the value of dielectric constant decreases with increase in dosage of irradiation.


Foreword. Acknowledgments. Introduction. Chapter 1 Build a Great Team. Chapter 2 Proactively Establish Goals for IT. Chapter 3 Design the IT Strategy. Chapter 4 Hold All of Your Vendors Accountable. Chapter 5 Before Negotiating, Do Your Homework. Chapter 6 Manage Contracts, Don't Just Sign Them. Chapter 7 Work With the Business. Chapter 8 Manage and Market the IT Brand. Chapter 9 Building Relationships Across the Enterprise-And Beyond. Chapter 10 Act Like a CEO. Afterword. Endnotes. About the Author. Index.


The invention relates to a system for carrying out transactions using terminals that basically enable the execution of a plurality of different transactions. To this end, the terminals (10, 11) are connected to at least one node computer (40, 41) by a terminal network (30) that can be set up for carrying out a transaction. Appropriateness to execute another transaction that has not been hitherto prepared can be subsequently established at any time without requiring any special setup measures. A terminal (10, 11) requests data from a node computer (40, 41) which responds to a triggering signal characterizing the other transaction, said data providing the functionality needed to carry out the other transaction. Execution of the transaction is then effected by interaction between the terminal (10, 11) and a node computer (40, 41).


A 58-year-old woman presented to our emergency department with painful ulcers on the right side of her neck and on her left elbow. The ulcers, which had begun after minimal trauma, had increased in size over three weeks. Although she had been taking oral broad-spectrum antibiotics for 10 days, there


Parents spend considerable time and resources investing in their children's development. Given evidence that the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) affects maternal labor supply, we investigate how the maximum available EITC amount affects a broad array of time use activities, focusing on the amount and nature of time spent with children. Using 2003–18 time use data, we find that federal and state EITC expansions increase maternal work time, reducing time devoted to home production, leisure, and time with children. However, almost none of the reduction comes from time devoted to "investment" activities, such as active learning and development activities.


Abstract : This report covers in detail the solid state research work at Lincoln Laboratory for the period 1 October 1964 through 31 December 1964. The topics covered are Solid State Device Research, Laser Research, Materials Research, Band Structure and Spectroscopy of Solids, and Magnetism and Resonance.


The STS-98 Mission Specialist Marsha Ivins is seen being interviewed. She answers questions about her inspiration to become an astronaut, her career path, and her training. She gives details on the mission's goals and significance, and the payload and hardware it brings to the International Space Station (ISS). Ms. Ivins discusses her role in the mission's spacewalks and activities.


The kinetics of methane and carbon monoxide formation upon photoreduction of carbon dioxide with water in the presence of aqueous suspensions of SiC/ZnO heterostructural materials was studied. Zinc oxide involves water in artificial photosynthesis and promotes the formation of products of multielectron reduction of carbon dioxide.


Objective To assess the feasibility and results of integration tuberculosis control program into primary health care in rural area. Methods The data of tuberculosis control program in Daxing dietrict were collected and analyzed during 1990 to 2000. Results From 1990 to 2000, 77.1% of smear positive cases registered were transferred to district tuberculosis center from the primary health care, 86% of smear positive cases were treated under fully suppervision chemotherapy by health personnel at village or town health center, and 91.2% of smear positive cases were cured. Conclusion Integration of tuberculosis control program into primary health care in rural area can be assured implementing government commitment and modern tuberculosis control program. With strengthening effects of supervision by district tuberculosi center and fully utilizing health resources of primary health care, made the tuberculosis control program sustaining progress in rural area.


A new neural network architecture is presented which encompasses functions similar to those in a biological brain, such as lateral and feedback connections and neurons. The neurons are randomly distributed on the 2D-planes. Each neuron on each plane can connect to a neighborhood of neurons at the next layer (plane), as well as receive feedback from neurons on that layer, or any other layer in the immediate or distant vicinity. In addition, lateral inhibitory connectivity within a layer adds to the flexibility and generalization abilities of the neural network.


Unpredictability and variations in a hospital's obstetric patient load make staffing anesthesiologists difficult, especially on weekends. To determine delivery patterns in their children's hospital, a tertiary university referral center with 24-hour obstetric anesthesia coverage, the author's staff reviewed data from a 3-month period in the labor/delivery unit. They found that the number of total deliveries, vaginal and cesarean section (CS), peak on Wednesday, slowly tapering off throughMonday, then starting to increase again on Tuesday. The mean number of all deliveries per weekday was 14.2, compared with 12.7 on the weekends. Of 5000 deliveries per year, 25% to 30% are CS, more than half of them scheduled mostly from Tuesday through Thursday, tapering off significantly on Friday to 1 per weekend. The actual CS rate, however, turned out to be heaviest Wednesday through Friday, with only a slight tapering on Saturday and Sunday. Why this occurred is not clearly understood, although the author thinks that induction policies may influence CS deliveries more than scheduling does. This led the author to suggest that a review of actual workload patterns might help improve staffing problems and overall obstetric services in any institution. It would be logical to schedule more elective CS in the early part of the week to compensate for the increased deliveries in the latter part of the week and thus even out the workload. This could be difficult, however, due to staff, patient, and family constraints thatmay outweigh the increased costs of a nonuniform, less-efficient workload pattern. The author also suggested that reduced weekend and night coverage may foment the impression among clinicians of an overall increased workload.


There were the records of permanent charitable institutions in the city of Guihua and the Tumote area.The following factors caused those institutions to develop according to the author: First,the Emperors greatly developed the charitable institutions so as to consolidate the northern frontier.Second,local officials set good examples,and attached great importance to the regional characteristics,formulating and implementing the management and administration pattern of getting interest by lending money to merchants,which was the principal cause for the charitable institutions to develop.Third,the transformation of economical patterns provided a good cultural atmosphere for the charitable institutions' development in this region.Objectively,the church penetration played a promotive role in it to some extent.


A previously healthy 19 year old male presented to the emergency department complaining of soreness in his neck, difficulty taking a deep breath, and a "crinkly feeling" in his neck and upper chest after running a marathon. He was diagnosed with spontaneous pneumomediastinum. He did not require any intervention or hospitalisation and made a full recovery.


In this paper, a nonlinear excitation controller is designed for a synchronous generator. Since disturbances acting on power systems are of random nature such systems have to be treated as stochastic systems. To take advantage of well developed linear control techniques, the concept of exact stochastic feedback linearization is used. Simulation results of a single machine infinite-bus power system indicate that in presence of major disturbances, the proposed controller outperforms existing linear and nonlinear controllers.


Parasitic Hymenoptera in all parts of the world exhibit many striking color patterns. These patterns are differentiated into groups according to the locality, size and habits of the insect. The really small species, i.e. those under 4 mm. long, can hardly be said to have a color pattern at all, and have virtually no regional differentiation anywhere except for a general prevalence of darker coloration in cool climates and paler in warm climates. In tropical regions many of the smaller Hymenoptera are confined to the shady interior of forests. These species often exhibit a disruptive pattern consisting of white spots at the tip of the antennae and the tip of the hind legs or ovipositor. These white spots show strikingly against a dark forest background and serve to draw attention away from the body of the insect itself. Such disruptive patterns are seldom found in temperate fhest species of the smallest sizes but are common in large sized forest-dwelling ichneumonids in all parts of the world.


(57) [summary] Acceptable acid addition salts on the bicyclic carboxamides and pharmaceutically formula (I), 5-HT In the above formula, X represents -CR


Our first objective is to find the probability that our player wins the game, ending up with a+ b dollars. To do this, we have to imagine that the game has been going on for some time, and the player has reached the point of having exactly i dollars in his pocket, so that his opponent has a+ bi. Given that, we denote our player's probability of winning the game by wi. If one more round is played, one can see that


Resume Abstract / Resume Abstract / Resume Abstract / Resume Abstract / Resume In recent years, it has become obvious that First Nations in Canada are growing stronger in their assertiveness as 'nations within,' as distinct peoples with a right to self-determination, land and resources, and treaty concessions. This evolving status of First Nations is mediated through a powerful discourse that challenges the existing paradigm. The Native discourse can be analyzed on the media level (newspaper) using vari- ous linguistic concepts and models. This article examines how First Nations in Canada represent themselves and their issues in their own media and how they counteract and resist the dominant discourse of Euro-Canada by (re-)constructing and affirming positive Native identi- ties.


In the paper [11], Aaron Reite showed how to compute relative Nielsen numbers for maps of model solvmanifold pairs. As stated in [4], model solvmanifolds represent all the ordinary and periodic Nielsen theory of self maps on any solvmanifold and so it is not unnatural at all to restrict to this class of spaces where the calculations are rich with all kinds of wonderful matrix theory. Relative Nielsen theory, invented by Schirmer in [12] (and followed by the articles of [13]), involves the computation of the number N(f ; X, A) for self maps (f, fA) : (X, A) → (X, A) and homotopies respecting a space and X and subspace A. By capitalizing on the great deal that is known about computing Nielsen numbers for maps on Solvamnifolds (see for example [10, 3]) Reite was able to show that there are interesting situations that can arise on these spaces. He formally defined interesting to be the case where N(f ; X, A) > max{N(f), N(fA)}. While staying in the category of solvmanifolds, in the current paper we extend these discoveries in many directions. Firstly we will look at Nielsen numbers on the complement N(f ; X − A) as defined by Zhao in [14]. This is a simple extension in the current setting where we wish to specifically calculate the number of essential Nielsen classes in X which do not contain a class in A. By analogy to Reite's definition, these will be interesting when we have N(f ; X − A) 6= N(f) − N(fA). Next we will generalize both relative and complement theory to the case of periodic points (see [9, 5, 6] and first studied in [7] and [8] respectively. By in addition now allowing A to be an orbit of sub solvmanifolds or certain pre-images of a subspace in the base of the model Mostow fibration for a model solvmanifold, we see that while the calculations are indeed tractable, they can be quite deep and interesting in ways previously not considered in the literature. As those who have studied periodic point theory are aware, there are two types of periodic point numbers. The first, NPn(f) measures periodic points of minimal period n while the second, NΦn(f) measures points of all periods dividing n. The first involves identifying so-called irreducible classes while the second (which in general is much more complicated) involves forming a minimal set of n-representatives or what, in essence, is the most efficient way of accounting for all minimal periods of the essential periodic classes which occur. Finally, we will concern ourselves just a bit with periodic points for self maps on M-adds of a solvmanifold. M-adds were first discussed in [2] and in general represent the situation when a space X and a collection of subspaces Ai for i ∈ M are respected by a self-map and we bind ourselves by homotopies that do the same. Because much in the way that linear maps on vector spaces naturally preserve eigenspaces, maps on model solvmanifolds naturally preserve all sorts of sets of sub-solvmanifolds, we can explain why this is in fact a surprisingly natural notion to consider. It was noted in [2] that the theory of M-adds is in many ways quite reminiscent of the theory of periodic points, with the notions of reducible/irreducible playing a part in both. By seeing both these concepts at work at the same time, and using careful language to distinguish between the two, we think the reader will be treated to an explanation which we believe will lend insight to both situations when viewed separately. In particular, the two types of Nielsen periodic numbers, and the two types of Nielsen M-add numbers (which come from relative and complement theory


Ransom, B. H., Steig, T. W., and Nealson, P. A. 1996. Comparison of hydroacoustic and net catch estimates of Pacific salmon smolt (Oncorhynchus spp.) passage at hydropower dams in the Columbia River Basin, USA. ‐ ICES Journal of Marine Science, 53: 477‐481. In the last 16 years, fisheries agencies and power producers in the Columbia River Basin have increasingly relied on hydroacoustic assessments of downstream migrating, anadromous Pacific salmon smolts (Oncorhynchus spp.) when evaluating bypass system designs at hydroelectric dams. Accompanying this reliance has been an interest in comparing hydroacoustic estimates of smolt passage with net catch estimates. Since the objectives could be addressed eVectively with relative estimates of fish passage, single-beam hydroacoustic techniques were used. The correlation between hydroacoustic and net catch estimates of smolt passage into the sluiceway at Ice Harbor Dam was statistically significant (r=0.96, n=26, p<0.001). Rocky Reach Dam hydroacoustic and fyke net catch vertical distributions were very similar. At Lower Granite Dam, the correlation between net catch estimates and hydroacoustic estimates of smolt passage was statistically significant (r=0.96, n=21, p<0.001). At Wanapum Dam, in 1994, there was a significant correlation between net catch and hydroacoustic estimates of smolt passage (r=0.96, n=10, p<0.001), and there was no statistically significant diVerence between the paired estimates. From 1991 to 1994, there was a significant correlation between mean hydroacoustic and net catch estimates of in-turbine diversion screen fish guidance eYciency (r=0.36, n=37, p=0.031), with no significant diVerence between the paired estimates. ? 1996 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea


The Auk, Vol. , Number , pages  . ISSN -, electronic ISSN -.  by The American Ornithologists' Union. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press's Rights and Permissions website, http://www.ucpressjournals. com/reprintInfo.asp. DOI: ./auk.... JEFFREY R. WALTERS,1,7 SCOTT R. DERRICKSON,2 D. MICHAEL FRY,3 SUSAN M. HAIG,4 JOHN M. MARZLUFF,5 AND JOSEPH M. WUNDERLE, JR.6


Objective To optimize the preparation technology for the inclusion of Dalbergia odorifent T.Chen Essential oil-β-cyclodextrin(β-CD).Methods It was studied with Orthogonal design on the extraction of Essential oil of Dalbergia odorifent T.Chen andβ-cyclodextrin inclusion compound.Results The optimum preparation technology for the inclusion compound of Dalbergia odorifent T.Chen Essential oil-β-CD was as follows: essential oils∶β-CD was 1∶5,the temperature and time was 40℃ for 90 mins.Conclusion The method can easily prepare and produce Dalbergia odorifent T.Chen Essential oil-β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) on a large scale.


In the present work,as far as 2∶17 type SmCo magnets are concerned,the relationship between microstructure and electrical insulation were analyzed.By surrounding tiny magnetic powders with macromolecules and spray-painting the whole magnets,Sm2Co17 type magnets with excellent high-temperature stabilization,electrical insulation and high magnetic properties were produced.its resistance ρ is higher 106-107 than sintered magnets',and higher 103-104 than bonded magnets',in additional,its magnetic properties are higher one double than ferrite magnets.


Objective To explore different ways of treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Methods From April 2007 to June 2010 ,180 patients of proliferative diabetic retinopathy were analyzed in the ophthalmology of Hegang city People's hospital of Heilongjiang provence.According to the treatment program will be divided into three groups: A group: 36 cases (46 eyes) of Edaravone,、Yinxingdamo combined with argonion laser treatment; B group: 35 patients (47 eyes) with laser treatment alone; C group :32 patients (44 eyes) of Edaravone, Yinxingdamo two drug treatment.The clinical effects of 3 groups of 3 groups were analyzed.Results A group :effective rate was 95.65%, B group:effective rate was 79.45%, C group: effective rate was 32.43%, A group and B group, A group and C group, B group and C group, the differences were significant difference (P0.05). Conclusion Argonion laser is fundamental treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy;Edaravone, Yinxingdamo combined with argonion laser treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy to receive better results.


Publisher Rights Statement: NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Atmospheric Environment. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Atmospheric Environment, Volume 97, November 2014, Pages 155–165 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.08.009 Checked for repository 30/10/2014


The socio- economic status of randomly selected five hundred ten goat farmers in and around Mohanpur village under Haringhata block in the Nadia district of West Bengal state revealed that women (62.75%) were mostly engaged in goat rearing. The majority of the goat owners were within the age group of 30- 45 and they were mostly marginal farmers (64.71%). The goat farmers were mixed in caste and most of them were Hindu by religion (68.63%). Most of the goat owners received training on animal husbandry. The caste, family size or farmers' education had little impact on income generation but training on animal husbandry helped them to earn more. Thus the socio- economic status of the goat farmers mostly women can be uplifted through training particularly on goat husbandry. Hence the improvement of Black Bengal goat in the farmers' house towards economic goat rearing and knowledge of scientific breeding practice has a potential for improving the livelihood of the poor farmers.


The present invention is an oil having a saturated fat containing an oil having at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, provides a solid fat composition. In particular, the solid fat composition, may have a long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids at a high level and in an emulsifier a low-level-existent level. In a preferred embodiment, the polyunsaturated oil is microbial oil that is not dewaxing. The present invention also relates to such compositions and food products containing the composition, nutritional products, and to methods for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical product.


Managers play a decisive role in the allocation and utilization of industry manufacturing materials in industrial enterprises. Research has demonstrated that the profit and loss from fair value changes has significant impact on managers compensation. This article studies the profit and loss from fair value changes and sensitivity of Chinese managers compensation in industrial enterprises and finds out that the current managers compensation design cannot reflect the revenue information and profit and loss changes in fair value measurement effectively, and there is non-equivalence in impact of profit and loss. Therefore, new compensation stimulation mechanism based on performance contribution and weight ratio should be came up with as early as possible, to guide and maintain the positive relationship between profit and loss from fair value changes and managers compensation, and adjust the stickiness between them to avoid the negative impact on the utilization of industry manufacturing materials caused by distorted managers compensation system.


In the article the essence of competitiveness management is shown and elements of this systems are described. The analysis of potential of international cooperation of the Ukrainian cranebuilding enterprises is conducted and recommendations on achieving a competitiveness at the international markets are defined.


Cyclic measurements of ionic conductivity of annealed purified KC1 crystals exhibit a thermal defect memory below 500 OC when the rate of temperature change is 1 OC min.-' or more. Kinetic studies suggest the decay process can be represented by a bimolecular decay and a monomolecular regeneration reaction. The ionic conductivity at 1 kHz of annealed, purified KC1 crystals was measured throughout several cycles of increasing and decreasing temperature. The analysis of these crystals has been reported elsewhere [I]. Spectrographic grade graphite was evaporated onto the crystal to form both the active and guard circuit electrodes. Acceptable electrodes have the appearance of vitreous graphite. The conductivity cell case and all internal supports were made of quartz. The cell is closed by a vacuum tight, water cooled nickel seal [2] through which all internal connections to the cell were made and which serves as the cell support. A large furnace mounted on tracks could be lowered or raised over the cell. Pt foils to which Pt wires were welded formed the electrical connections to the graphite electrodes. Temperature was measured by Pt/Pt-10 %-Rd thermocouples adjacent to the Pt foils and a similar thermocouple adjacent to the crystal was used to control the temperature. Conductivity and capacity measurements were made on a General Radio I673A11672A bridge. The thermocouple voltage was digitized using a Hewlett-Packard 2212A voltage to frequency converter (10mV = 150 kHz) and changed to a 8421 BCD code with a Monsanto 104A counter. The BCD data from these various devices passed through a locally constructed interface to a Gulton NP-7 printer. The interface could be programmed to select the quantities measured, the number of measurements during each sampling period, and to turn the furnace power off during measurement. A BarbraColman 540 and 621 SCR controller connected to a locally constructed electromechanical programmer was used to automatically increase or decrease temperature at the selected rate between preset limits. Figure 1 shows a typical log oT vs. 103/T plot for a series of 1 OC min.-' measurements (x first increase, first decrease, + second increase, A second decrease). Below about 350 OC the furnace would X INCREASE T DECREASE + INCREASE T A DECREASE Fig. 1. -The conductance of purified KC1 as a fimctionaf temperature. The crystal was initially well annealed (x). Cyclic temperature changes at 1 OC min.-' exceed the annealing rate of thermal defects at temperatures below 550 OC. Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19806110 DEFECT KINETICS IN KC1 SINGLE CRYSTALS C6-433 not cool as rapidly as I OC min. ' and at temperatures below 260 OC the precision of o measurements was poor. Here our interest is in the memory effect of the crystal of its thermal history. Clearly, temperature changes at the rate of 1 OC min.-' are too rapid for the defects to equilibrate at temperatures in the region of 500 OC or lower. This observation led to a series of kinetic studies of the decay of o at constant temperature in the temperature region near the onset of the effect. In these studies the sample was allowed to equilibrate at some high temperature T,. It is then cooled quickly to room temperature. The furnace is set at T I which is about 100° below T,. After a few oscillations the furnace and sample stabilize and o is measured as a function of time as the crystal approaches equilibrium. The decay was studied between 475 O C and 575 O C at 25O intervals. The usual kinetic order analyses did not give integral reaction orders which indicates the process is complex. The decay curves (Fig. 2) could be represented by a Fig. 2. Experimental conductivity of KC1 as a function of time at 500 OC. Solid line calculated from equation (1). -5 5.2 bimolecular decay and monomolecular generation of current carriers. If o is proportional to the concentration of current carrying defects, such a process can be written as 3 5.25 .. E I:: where t is time, G, the conductivity at t = 0, and k and k' are the rate constants for decay and formation of current carriers, respectively. For such a process the equilibrium constant K is given by


Turkey is in the progress to include nuclear energy to its electricity generation capacity. The energy modelling studies for Turkey mainly focus on usage of renewable energy and local fossil fuels and include nuclear power plants (NPP) only with their electricity generation capacities without taking into consideration the front- and back-ends of the nuclear fuel cycle. This study takes into consideration the life cycle assessment (LCA) of nuclear energy based on optimisation of energy system costs and usage of energy resources under atmospheric CO2 and SO2 emission constraints using MESSAGE iteratively with an industrial simulation model. This iterative modelling calculates the marginal costs of final energy generation and energy demands for domestic production. The results of this study are assessed using economic, environmental and social indicators. The study concludes that both environmental and nuclear energy scenarios are viable options to set national atmospheric CO2 and SO2 emission targets for Turkey.


Purpose: We investigated the effects of stem cell therapy as an alternative to surgical methods and medical treatments in endometrial injuries in Asherman syndrome (AS). Materials and Methods: In this study, AS model was created chemically in rats. The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the tibia and femoral bone of male individuals of the same species (BMDSC) were given to female rats with asherman syndrome and the changes in the endometrium were evaluated by histopathological parameters. Asherman + medium, Asherman + niche, Asherman + BMDSCs, Asherman + BMDSCs + niche were formed in four groups. Results: It was observed that increased endometrial thickness, gland count and vascularization and decreased fibrous areas and apoptotic cell death with regeneration in epithelium and lamina propria in treatment groups. No histopathologic changes were observed in the right uterine horns, which were evaluated as control group. .  Conclusion: BMDSCs and Niche applications can contribute to the clinic by reducing the formation of adhesion within the mechanisms causing infertility. These positive results are promising in terms of transporting Asherman studies to the clinic.It has been shown that BMDSCs and Niche may contribute to the clinic by treatment with adhesion molecules in mechanisms that cause infertility.


International efforts to hold the government of President Bashar al-Assad accountable for the use of chemical weapons in the Syrian Civil War have entered a new phase. For the first time, the Organ...


This paper modified the finite element model with 20 meters span bridge test results and obtained Abaqus finite element calculation model according with the actual engineering. It had the elastic calculation of the updated finite element model, discussed the influence of deck pavement thickness on the whole performance of assembly hollow slab bridge, and finally obtained the economic and reasonable values of the bridge pavement layer thickness.


Treatment of the μ 3 -ethylidyne complex [(TiCp*(μ-O)] 3 (μ 3 -CMe)] (1) (Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) with the alkaline earth amides [M{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 (thf) 2 ] (M = Mg, Ca, Sr) promotes the deprotonation of the alkylidyne moiety μ 3 -CMe and leads to the oxoheterometallocubane derivatives [((thf) x (Me 3 Si) 2 NM}-(μ 3 -O) 3 (Ti 3 Cp' 3 (μ 3 -CCH 2 )}] [M = Mg, x = 0 (2a); Ca, x = 1 (3); Sr, x = 1 (4)]. In the case of the magnesium amide, complex 2a is obtained together with the isomer [((Me 3 Si) 2 NMg}-(μ 3 -O) 3 {Ti 3 Cp* 3 (μ 3 -η 2 -CHCH))] (2b). The addition of pentamethylcyclopentadiene (C 5 Me 5 H) or triphenylmethanol (Ph 3 COH) to these compounds causes the displacement of the amide fragment to give the heterometallocubanes [RM(μ 3 -O) 3 {Ti 3 Cp* 3 (μ 3 -C 2 H 2 )}] [R = C 5 Me 5 , M = Ca (5), Sr (6); R = Ph 3 CO, M = Mg (7a,b), Ca (8), Sr (9)]. This substitution can also be performed on 3 and 4 by treatment with the starting complex 1, which gives the comer-shared double cubanes [M{(μ 3 -O) 3 (Ti 3 Cp* 3 )(μ 3 -CCH 2 )} 2 ] [M = Ca (11), Sr (12)]. Complexes 2a,b do not react with 1, and heating of this mixture affords the edge-linked double cubane [Mg(μ 4 -O)-(μ 3 -O) 2 {Ti 3 Cp* 3 (μ 3 -CCH)}] 2 (10). The combination of the barium reagents [Ba(CH 2 Ph) 2 ] or [Ba{N(SiMe 3 ) 2 } 2 ] with 1 leads to the corner-shared double cubane [Ba{(μ 3 -O) 3 (Ti 3 Cp* 3 )(μ 3 -CCH 2 )} 2 ] (13). The molecular structures of 3 and 10 have been established by single-crystal X-ray analysis.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prevalence and predictors of RLS in Hispanics of Mexican descent (HMD) and non-Hispanic whites (NHW).

DESIGN
A population-based random digit dialing telephone questionnaire.

SETTING
San Diego County California

PARTICIPANTS
1,754 HMD and 1,913 NHW adults ≥ 18 years of age able to participate in a telephone interview in English or Spanish.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS
RLS was defined by the presence of all 4 criteria of the International Restless Legs Study Group. Sleepiness was measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Acculturation was evaluated using the Short Acculturation Scale for Hispanics. Risk factors for RLS were by self-report. The survey was conducted in the subject's language of choice. RLS prevalence was significantly lower in HMD than in NHW (14.4% vs.18.3%, p = 0.002). High acculturation HMD had a significantly greater RLS prevalence than the low acculturation group (17.4% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.008). Predictors of RLS varied between HMD and NHW. Female gender (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04, 1.90, p = 0.027), smoking (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.27, 2.61, p = 0.001), and acculturation (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10, 1.97, p = 0.009) were independent predictors of RLS in HMD, while only older age (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.0, 1.02) was an independent predictor of RLS for NHW.

CONCLUSION
The prevalence of RLS was significantly lower in HMD than in NHW, and significantly greater in high acculturation HMD. Our data suggest that risk factors for RLS vary by race/ethnicity and acculturation is an independent risk for RLS in HMD.


YAG:Ce phosphor coated on blue-chip gives many advantages, except the color rendering of the LEDs fabricated by this method is poor due to the lack of red and green colors. This problem can be sorted out by choosing different methods out of the available two different methods. For the first method, the n-UV (near-ultraviolet) LED is coated with a mixture of intense blue, green, and red phosphors to make a white light-emitting diode. Also, if the yellow color phosphor is added, lamps can give better CRI values. So many papers are reported on this type of white LED fabrication technique. In this paper, we have reported the fabrication of white LED lamps by coating three different phosphors i.e. blue, green, and red in the appropriate amount to be mixed and coated on the near UV LED chips. This approach is different from the existing reports because we are using near UV (405-407 nm LEDs) not the UV LED chips in the fabrication of white LEDs in this paper.


Abstract Females of Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) lived longer, found more hosts, and produced more progeny at high host (housefly, Musca domestica L.) population densities than at lower ones. Because they feed on the fly pupae that they parasitize, the female parasites were able to obtain more food at high host population densities. Starved and unstarved females produced progeny with similar sex ratios. By feeding on parasitized fly pupae when unparasitized ones are scarce, females of N. vitripennis increase their longevity and their ability to oviposit if they subsequently find unparasitized hosts. Females that have fed partly or entirely on parasitized pupae subsequently produce relatively more diapause progeny.


The function of cytokines produced during Hymenolepis nana egg infection in mice in protective immunity against re-infection was examined. Treatment of mice with monoclonal antibody (MAb) against mouse interferon (IFN)-gamma caused suppression of protective immunity against H. nana re-infection when the MAb was injected intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 40.0 mg kg-1 during the effector phase of protective immunity. Although high levels of IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1 beta were released into the intestinal tracts of the parasitised mice at challenge infection, there was almost no release of these cytokines in mice treated with the MAb. Daily administration of rolipram failed to suppress the protective immunity, even when 400 micrograms kg-1 of the agent was administered into mice during the effector phase of immunity. Treatment of mice with rolipram completely suppressed both TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta production in intestinal tracts, induced by H. nana challenge infection. However, endogenous IFN-gamma production in the intestine was scarcely affected by rolipram. These results strongly suggest that IFN-gamma is the most important (or essential) cytokine in protective immunity to H. nana re-infection, rather than TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta.


As per the quotation of Paracelsus, "all things are poison, and nothing is without poison only the dose permits something not to be poisonous" so risk of exposure to chemical substances are always there and as children are curious about their surrounding and want to explore then by all their senses. This nature of child increases the risk of acute poisoning Acute poisoning used to vary in different part of country and even in different region of same state.


Some programming languages become widely popular while others fail to grow beyond their niche or disappear altogether. This paper uses survey methodology to identify the factors that lead to language adoption. We analyze large datasets, including over 200,000 SourceForge projects, 590,000 projects tracked by Ohloh, and multiple surveys of 1,000-13,000 programmers. We report several prominent findings. First, language adoption follows a power law; a small number of languages account for most language use, but the programming market supports many languages with niche user bases. Second, intrinsic features have only secondary importance in adoption. Open source libraries, existing code, and experience strongly influence developers when selecting a language for a project. Language features such as performance, reliability, and simple semantics do not. Third, developers will steadily learn and forget languages. The overall number of languages developers are familiar with is independent of age. Finally, when considering intrinsic aspects of languages, developers prioritize expressivity over correctness. They perceive static types as primarily helping with the latter, hence partly explaining the popularity of dynamic languages.


A novel layered SnSSe material is designed as a high-performance anode for sodium-ion batteries with characteristics of high capacity, superior cyclability, facile synthetic method, and large-scale production ability. The transformation from bulk SnSSe particles into closely packed nanoplate aggregates with greater resistance to structure pulverization and the partial pseudocapacitive capacity contribution may engender excellent cycling performance and rate capability.


Thirty-six pigs were fed diets containing 20% intact canola (IC), 20% ground canola (GC) or 0% canola (C). Processing yields and proximate composition of bacon were not affected by diet. Bacon from pigs fed GC had less saturated fatty acids and more monounsaturated fatty acids than bacon from pigs fed the IC or C diets. Bacon from pigs fed the C diet had less polyunsaturated fatty acids than bacon from pigs fed the IC or GC diets. Palatability of bacon from C, IC or GC treatments after 0 or 4 weeks storage was not different. After 8 weeks of storage, panelists tended to prefer control bacon over bacon from pigs fed the GC diet. Bacon from pigs fed the GC diet had higher 2-thiobarbituric acid values than bacon from pigs fed the IC or C diets.


The invention discloses a reflector plate, a backlight module and a liquid crystal display. The reflector plate at least comprises a first reflector unit and a second reflector unit, wherein the first reflector unit and the second reflector unit are made of different materials, so that the high temperature resistance performance of the first reflector unit is better than that of the second reflector unit, and simultaneously, the cost of the second reflector unit is lower than that of the first reflector unit. The first reflector unit and the second reflector unit which are made of different materials are used for forming the reflector plate, and on the premise that the reflector plate works normally, the cost of the reflector plate is reduced, so that the cost of the backlight module using the reflector plate and the cost of the liquid crystal display using the reflector plate are reduced.


A putative ABC transporter, fit , with significant homology to several bacterial iron transporters was identified in Escherichia coli . The E. coli fit system consists of six genes designated fitA , -B , -C , -D , -E , and - R . Based on DNA sequence analysis, fit encodes an outer membrane protein (FitA), a periplasmic binding protein (FitE), two permease proteins (FitC and -D), an ATPase (FitB), and a hypothetical protein (FitR). Introduction of the E. coli fit system into E. coli strain K-12 increased intracellular iron content and transformed bacteria were more sensitive to streptonigrin, which suggested that fit transports iron in E. coli . Expression of fit was studied using a lacZ reporter assay. A functional, bidirectional promoter was identified in the intergenic region between genes fitA and fitB. The expression of the E. coli fit system was found to be induced by iron limitation and repressed when Fe 2 (cid:1) was added to minimal medium. Several fit mutants were created in E. coli using an in vitro transposon mutagenesis strategy. Mutations in fit did not affect bacterial growth in iron-restricted media. Using a growth promotion test, it was found that fit was not able to transport enterobactin, ferrichrome, transferrin, and lactoferrin in E. coli . DNA manipulation techniques. General genetic techniques were performed as described including genomic or plasmid DNA purification, ligation, and transformation PCR amplification using Taq polymerase (Promega) or high-fidelity Pfu DNA polymerase (Stratagene) was performed according to the manufacturers' Restriction endonuclease DNA-modifying en- zymes according oligonucleotide cloning, synthe-sized


The Xiaoqinling gold field on the southern margin of the North China platform is one of important gold metallogenic areas in China,where the gold deposits of varying sizes have been explored,including more than one thousand gold-bearing quartz veins and more than forty gold deposits.Exemplified by the Dahu gold deposit in the northern gold belt of the Xiaoqinling gold field,the present paper gives a systematic study of fluid inclusions so as to examine the ore-forming fluids and metallogenic mechanism of the Dahu gold deposit on the basis of petrography,homogenization temperatures and compositions of fluid inclusions.


As the coronavirus pandemic stretched on, millions of U.S. children and their families faced food insecurity. However, limited empirical studies have systemically investigated food insecurity and food insecurity transitions among households with children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was based on a nationally representative sample of households with children (including all 50 states and the District of Columbia, n = 20,543 households) collected by the 2020 Household Pulse Survey. Two generalized estimating equations models were developed, and the results indicated that most sociodemographic factors contributing to severe household food insecurity during the pandemic were similar to those before the pandemic. However, having children enrolled in schools did not protect families from food insecurity during COVID-19. Furthermore, among previously food-secure households, those that were relatively disadvantaged transitioned into food insecurity during COVID-19. As the pandemic persists, more coordinated efforts to ensure all households with children receive adequate nutrition are desperately needed.


Potential or real conflict of interest is a growing concern in the accurate and objective publication of all scientific material. The concern could apply to Physical Therapy: The relationships between physical therapists, our primary authors, and businessmen have evolved as technology and industry have developed. Some physical therapists have become entrepreneurs of their own businesses. A potential or real conflict could result in a bias that prevents an author from carrying out his responsibility of reporting accurate data or drawing logical and reasonable conclusions based on the reported data. These responsibilities can be limited by human shortcomings.

The relationships that exist between our authors and commercial parties are not construed to be wrong, dishonorable, or dishonest. The concern is that knowledge of the existence of the relationships must not be withheld from the readers.…


In the past few decades,with the prevalence of AIDS,tuberculosis has begun to comeback and spread.In addition to tuberculosis,diseases caused from Mycobacterium also began to become more prevalent,HIV-infected patients were particularly vulnerable to mycobacterial infections,incidence rate of such diseases and the resulting burden is very argent in the global.The mechanism and structure-activity relationships(SARs) of anti-tuberculosis agents were briefiy reviewed.


The magnetic properties of Rh clusters with face-centered-cubic (FCC) and hexagonal-closed-packed (HCP) structures were studied by first-principles calculations. The results show that both the structure and magnetic properties have size effects. Bulk Rh exists as a FCC structure. However, as the size of Rh particles shrinks, the FCC and HCP structures have comparable energies, consistent with the coexistence of the two structures experimentally observed previously. Although the bulk Rh is nonmagnetic, the nanoparticles or clusters of Rh in both the FCC and HCP structures are magnetic. The average magnetic moment gradually increases as the clusters shrink. The origin of the magnetism of Rh clusters can be attributed to the reduction of coordination number, other than the lattice expansion. The findings provide insights for understanding the magnetic properties of noble metal clusters.


This discussion includes a review of ideas on the establishment and maintenance of certain cognitive "sets" within the normal personality. A relationship is then established between these sets and the production of anxiety that results when there is an incongruency between what is expected and what actually transpires. Finally, these findings are related to the treatment of alcohol abusers via indirect cognitive confrontation.


Mesocarp removal in A. chambira fruits had a significant effect on oviposition by Caryoborus serripes females. When given the choice between unpee- led and peeled freshly fallen fruits, females laid preferentially their eggs on peeled fruits. Once the mesocarp of control fruits had been removed through the action of microorganisms, insects or rodents (after 45 to 62 days), no more difference was observed with peeled fruits. No sign of the existence of an intraspecific competi- tion avoidance mechanism in ovipositing females was detected. Resulting larval mortality was high.


Pyropia yezoensis were sampled from Jeonnam in Korea, Jiansu in China and Saga in Japan. Sampled P. yezoensis were analyzed proximate composition by Association official Analytical Chemists(AOAC) method, minerals by ICP-OES and amino acid by amino acid analyzer. Three areas resulted that contents of moisture and crude protein were 8.13±0.38% and 37.25±1.15%, and crude lipid, ash and carbohydrate were 2.12±0.27%, 7.41±0.36% and 45.06±1.30% respectively. In total minerals, Korea and China were 28300.19±76.39ppm and 13945.63±7.73ppm, and Japan was 12262.485±4.38ppm. Amino acids, Korea and China were 265.28±0.38mg g-1 and 209.19±0.19mg g-1, and Japan was 157.61±0.43mg g-1. Therefore, those substance contents of P. yezoensis are significantly different between cultivation sites. The basic data may used to the environmental and nutritional study of P. yezoensis based on country sites.


My grannies despaired when, long ago, I strayed from Nonconformity into Greek Orthodoxy, and I fancy the august ancestors still have occasion to eye me beadily from above; I even imagine their semaphore signals.


The author takes issue with the thesis proposed by Germain Grisez in his article entitled An Alternative Theology of Jesus' Substantial Presence in the Eucharist, and proposes an alternative thesis based on Karl Rahner's ontology of symhol and F. X. Durrell's eschatological perspective on the Eucharist.


The synthesis of some 3‐aryloxy‐1‐Δ3‐piperideinopropan‐2‐ol derivatives and related types is described. Their biological study has led to the selection of 1‐Δ3‐piperideino‐3‐o‐toloxypropan‐2‐ol hydrochloride, Tolpronine, for fuller evaluation as an analgesic agent.


Microorganisms are a large group of diverse organisms which are normal in our environment. Some microorganisms are needed to maintain health of people, animals, plants and soil. These microorganisms are called normal flora and under usual circumstances do not cause illness. Other microorganisms cause disease by direct infection or production of toxic compounds, these are called pathogens. In this presentation, I will focus situations and a few specific microorganisms which are of indoor health concern as well as background information on how and why these microorganisms impact us.


In solving the issue of efficiency in global path planning of UUV underwater multi-task points, and reduce energy and time consumption during task execution, a hybrid GA-AFSA algorithm was constructed based on the Genetic and Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm. Maximize the advantages of genetic algorithm global rapid convergence and artificial fish swarm algorithm with high solution accuracy, to solve the initial population generation and optimal path solution problems in UUV path planning, then a comparative experiment between the genetic and the GA-AFSA algorithm is put into effect. The experimental results show that the GA-AFSA algorithm takes into account both the global search ability and the fast search performance, compared with the improved GA algorithm, its best iteration time is reduced by 41%, the optimal path length is reduced by 16%, it has the advantages of fast optimal solution rate and shorter optimal path solution, and has strong efficiency and practicability.


Having survived a serious burn injury herself, the author knows all too well the challenges faced by burn patients. Your care is crucial to helping these patients survive and make a functional comeback.


Abstract Intimate partner violence is not a culturally limited practice, but prevails in every country, irrespective of culture, class, and ethnicity. Violence is one of the mechanisms used by men to control and subjugate women; and is a manifestation of unequal power relationship sustained by patriarchy. Patriarchy makes violence necessary for the sake of its existence. Intimate partner violence encompasses the usage of power over a life partner through intimidating, harassing, or harmful behavior. The spouse endures violence many times and can be inflicted and harmed physically, sexually, and psychologically. Intimate partner violence in Pakistan persists almost in every family because women have subjugated and vulnerable status and are generally treated as second-class citizens. Generally, the occurrence of violence at home is effectively condoned and regarded it as 'private matter' which does not require any intervention. It is not generally considered as a criminal offense except in the cases when it takes the form of killing or attempted killing. This study aims to find out the factors which breed Intimate partner violence in Pakistan and what are the factors which preclude the reporting of intimate partner violence and seeking legal redress. This study has found that patriarchal system and cultural values breed intimate partner violence and also preclude victims to report the incidences by not giving them appropriate moral, cultural and legal support. This study considers that violence against women specifically intimate partner violence will not be eliminated unless the system which causes violence changes.


Frisell et al.'s (2010) paper is a landmark effort that is sure to be influential and highly cited. It documents the phenomenon of familial transmission of violent behavior in concrete numeric terms using data from a nationwide sample of individuals. It provides compelling support for widely accepted, but still controversial, premises (e.g. concordance for violent behavior among family members reflects constitutional as well as experiential influences). It also presents evidence in support of newer emerging perspectives (e.g. the notion that heritability for specific behavioral proclivities can vary across differing environments – in the current instance, across differing social strata). In addition, it highlights intriguing new points – for example, the notion that particular forms of antisocial deviance (within Frisell et al., specific subtypes of violent crimes) show heightened rates of family transmission, with greater behavioral specificity, than others.

All empirical studies, including this one, have methodological limitations that constrain inferences and interpretations. For example, while the use of matched controls comprises a strength of Frisell et al. (2010), effects of confounds cannot be ruled out entirely in a matched design. In particular, comparisons involving adoptive samples, which were utilized in Frisell et al. to infer genetic contributions to transmission of violence, carry risks of confounding due to the non-randomness of the adoption process (Cadoret, 1985; Billings et al. 1992). However, rather than focus on methodological points here, we focus instead on two major substantive issues highlighted by Frisell et al. (2010). One is the question of what etiologic factors underlie the heightened incidence of violent behavior observed among family members of violent individuals. The other is what can be done to reduce their impact.


The research analyzed, according to the assumptions of the French School of Discourse Analysis, one hundred and fifty children's book, published in the last forty years, which depicted disability. It was found that the books from the seventies and eighties, whose authors were professional writers, are more ideologically independent. Brazilian authors, that started writing for children and adolescents in the nineties and then portrayed disability in their books, were amateur writers that took the authority from their own experience with disability. They, thus, focused their purposes on the provision of scientific information and on bringing moralizing messages about the ideal behavior toward people with disabilities. This political engagement was to the cost of the quality of these works, which have not preserved their artistic integrity. The technical information compromised the playful aims of the literature and the books were not successful because of these serious conceptual errors. This investigation was justified by the semiotic contribution to literary criticism and also to the possible uses of its results when setting parameters for the children's books chosen to be distributed to public schools by the Ministry of Education in Brazil.


In recent years, our laboratory has conducted extensive research studies on nanoscale systems. We give here a brief overview of these activities, and also present some previously unpublished results on the influence of impurities and defects on the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and metallic nanowires. In the case of carbon nanotubes, we show that the presence of structural defects such as strong bends can lead to the presence of electronic states in the gap (for semiconducting nanotubes), which we correlate with recent scanning tunnel microscopy and spectroscopy measurements. In the case of metallic nanowires, we discuss the effect of the presence of carbon impurities, which have been suggested to be present in atomic gold nanowires, on their electronic transport properties. In particular, we show that the conductance in the presence of impurities deviates considerably from that of the pure gold atomic wires.


A new oxidative degradation method was developed for separating hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin from an oil palm shell waste, and for converting them into valuable chemicals. The method is basically a two-step process in which the shell pretreated in hot water at 180 °C was oxidized with 30%-H2O2 at 60 °C (first-stage oxidation) under ambient pressure with or without an Fe catalyst. To increase the product yield and selectivity, a second-stage oxidation of the water-soluble components obtained from the first-stage oxidation was also performed in the presence of the Fenton reagent at 25 °C. Through the hot water treatment, hemicellulose in the palm oil shell was successfully recovered as saccharides, leaving lignin and cellulose. Through the first-stage oxidation without the Fe catalyst lignin was converted to water-soluble compounds containing small molecular weight fatty acids such as HCOOH and CH3COOH, and almost pure cellulose was recovered in 22% of yield on carbon basis. After the second-stage o...


In order to develop ornamental plant resources of Guangdong Province and to apply to urban greening system, the integrative evaluation model of wild ornamental plant resources was set up based on 15 evaluation indices and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). This evaluation model was applied to 75 wild ornamental plant in Guangdong Province and provides theoretical basis of quantitative evaluation and scientif ic development of wild ornamental plant resources.


Purpose:  Based on discussions on the so called "epileptic personality" in patients with epilepsy, interictal behavioral impairments in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies were examined in a multivariate approach that took demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological determinants into consideration.


While it is recognized that beta‐blockers can exacerbate asthma symptoms in older children and adults, there are few descriptions of a similar effect in infants. We describe three infants who developed wheeze during treatment with a beta‐blocker for infantile hemangiomas and conclude that physicians should inquire about respiratory symptoms in this group of children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2012; 47:713–715. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


By using fuzzy theory in ship lines design, a new method is described which produces section area curve and transforms hull form. If Ca_bL_(cb).and Fn are known, a series of section area curves are generated which meet the requirements of design by transforming the fuzzy weighted functions. After a parent ship is provided, a series of new hull forms may be produced to meet the requirement of further optimization. It is proved that this method is feasible and practicable by calculating examples.


Metacognitive ability in digital-based learning process helps students in achieving learning goals. So that digital-based learning environment should make the metacognitive component as a facility that must be equipped. Smart Learning Environment is the concept of a learning environment that certainly has more advanced components than just a digital learning environment. This study examines the metacognitive component of the smart learning environment to support the learning process. A review of the metacognitive literature was conducted to examine the components involved in metacognitive learning strategies. Review is also conducted on the results of study smart learning environment, ranging from design to context in building smart learning. Metacognitive learning strategies certainly require the support of adaptable, responsive and personalize learning environments in accordance with the principles of smart learning. The current study proposed the role of metacognitive component in smart learning environment, which is useful as the basis of research in building environment in smart learning.


Objective To investigate the detection value of plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) in patients with heart failure.Methods 90 patients with heart failure were selected as subjects of this experiment.These include left ventricular failure,left ventricular diastolic failure and normal cardiac function.The same period 100 cases of healthy people were selected as control group.Compared four groups of patients with plasma BNP.Results plasma BNP of Heart failure patients was higher than the healthy group( P < 0.05 ).The level of the serum BNP of failure patients with left ventricular systolic function was higher than those of other heart failure patients ( all P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Patientswith heart failure plasma BNP to aid medical diagnosis,it has high clinical value.

Key words:
Heart failure; Brain natriuretic peptide