In a wireless communication system having a plurality of base stations (100, 101) and a control station (103) controlling the plurality of base stations (100, 101), the control station (103) allocates, to the plurality of base stations (100, 101), antenna patterns associated with directivity patterns for each of a plurality of frequency bands that can be utilized by the respective base stations (100, 101) and if it transmits, to respective ones of the plurality of base stations (100, 101), parameters for associating the allocated antenna patterns with directivity patterns for each of the plurality of frequency bands; and the plurality of base stations (100, 101) associate the directivity patterns with the plurality of frequency bands on the basis of the parameters received from the control station (103) and, in accordance with the associated directivity patterns, transmit signals to the antenna and receive signals from the antenna.


The invention discloses a pre-encoding matrix generation apparatus. The pre-encoding matrix generation apparatus includes a parameter calculator, a counter and an element generation module, wherein the parameter calculator is used for calculating a first parameter and a second parameter which are used for determining a pre-encoding matrix according to a first pre-encoding matrix identity and a second pre-encoding matrix identity, and sending the first parameter and the second parameter to the element generation module; the counter is used for controlling the line number of a pre-encoding matrix elements generated from the element generation module; and the element generation module is used for generating the elements corresponding to the line number in the pre-encoding matrix according to the received first parameter and second parameter and the line number. The invention also discloses a pre-encoding matrix generation method.


Definitive radiation remains a mainstay of treatment for men who have been diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Acute and chronic genitourinary (GU) toxicity after definitive radiotherapy (RT) can cause significant morbidity for patients. Furthermore, pinpointing the prostate and related prostatitis as the source of symptoms is very difficult and often comes down to a process of elimination. The pathophysiology underlying this prostatitis represents an even more frustrating challenge and is also poorly understood. When it has been identified as the source, radiation-induced prostatitis can be considered a form of chronic, non-bacterial prostatitis based on the NIH classification system. In this classification, radiationinduced prostatitis is exceedingly challenging to manage, with therapy focused on the three "A"s of chronic prostatitis: Anti-inflammatories, Antibiotics, and Alpha-blockers. Unfortunately, approximately 50% of men will have symptoms refractory to medical therapy with limited effectiveness of alternative medical and invasive options. Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) has been shown to be a minimally invasive, safe and clinically effective treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). While evidence for both the diagnosis and management of post-radiation prostatitis is significantly lacking, this review evaluates the novel role of PAE for the management of refractory, symptomatic radiation-induced prostatitis.


.. ................................................................................................................................ vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 2: BEHAVIOR OF HYDROGEN IN METALS ...........................................................4 2.1 Diffusion and Permeation of Hydrogen Through Metal ................................................4 2.2 Hydrogen Flow Effects ..................................................................................................5 2.2.1 The Effect of Metal Thickness ........................................................................6 2.2.2 The Effect of Pressure .....................................................................................7 2.2.3 The Effect of Composition ..............................................................................7 2.2.4 The Effect of Tensile Stress ............................................................................8 2.2.5 The Effect of Current Density .........................................................................8 2.3 Hydrogen Embrittlement ...............................................................................................8 2.3.1 Different Types of Hydrogen Embrittlement ..................................................9 188.8.131.52 Irreversible Hydrogen Embrittlement ..............................................9 184.108.40.206 Reversible Hydrogen Embrittlement .............................................10 2.3.2 Impact Factors of Hydrogen Embrittlement .................................................10 2.3.3 Prevention Techniques of Hydrogen Embrittlement ..................................... 11 2.4 Effects of Hydrogen on the Mechanical Properties of Steel ........................................ 11 2.4.1 Ductility ........................................................................................................12 2.4.2 Tensile Strength .............................................................................................12 2.4.3 Impact Test ....................................................................................................12 2.4.4 Conclusion of Hydrogen Effect on Mechanical Properties ..........................13 CHAPTER 3: EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF THE X80 PIPELINE STEEL...................................................................................14 3.1 Composition of X80 Steel ............................................................................................14 3.2 Mechanical Properties of X80 Steel ............................................................................15 3.3 Hydrogen-charging Test ...............................................................................................16 3.4 Slow Strain Rate Test (SSRT) ......................................................................................18 3.5 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................21 3.5.1 Stress-strain Curves ......................................................................................21 3.5.2 Relative Tensile Properties Loss ...................................................................24 ii 3.5.3 Surface Morphology of X80 Steel After SSRT .............................................26 3.5.4 Lateral Fracture Morphology ........................................................................28 CHAPTER 4: EFFECTS OF HYDROGEN ON THE CHARPY IMPACT TEST OF THE X80 PIPELINE STEEL...................................................................................32 4.1 Experimental ................................................................................................................32 4.2 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................35 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK .............................................................38 5.1 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................38 5.2 Future Work .................................................................................................................39 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................40 ABOUT THE AUTHOR ................................................................................................ END PAGE


Abstract. Biofluorescence in mammal pelage is considered rare, but has been documented in multiple taxa in recent years. Herein, we provide the first observations of biofluorescence in fossorial mammals. We documented biofluorescence in live Geomys pinetis (southeastern pocket gopher) and in museum specimens of four additional geomyid species. Although unknown, the adaptive significance of biofluorescence in pocket gophers is likely similar to that documented in terrestrial and arboreal species previously, including communication or predator evasion.


Autism doesn't go away when you turn 18, and with scant services available, these adults often struggle most when it comes to finding a foothold in the workplace.


In this paper, we describe the design and implementation details of a mobile application supporting news access and virtual community interactive services, based on open technologies such as Android, Java programming language, Android libraries, MySQL database and an open Web server. The goal was to create an easy to use, mobile, interactive, flexible, including a portable Android client and a Web portal access to the content. To prove these features, we chose to implement and compare two different kind of interactive services, and made plans for further services and improvements.


The edge trough in the East Carpathians includes an inner zone that developed adjacent to the Carpathian geosyncline, a deep trough filled with thick Miocene and Pliocene sediments. The Miocene beds have been extensively folded and overthrust. The edge trough also includes an outer zone which is the depressed edge of the platform covered by Tortonian and Sarmatian sediments. The structure and geologic history of the platform part of this trough is based on much borehole data and detailed geologic and geophysical surveys. The stratigraphy is discussed and thicknesses of the Tortonian and lower Sarmatian for different localities are given in Table 1. Figure 1 shows the structure of the outer zone; contours are drawn on top of the Tiras (gypsum-anhydrite) formation. Several zones of rapidly varying thickness in the Tortonian and lower Sarmatian sediments correspond to major northwest striking basement faults, which are responsible for the block structure of much of the outer zone. These basement faults, firs...


Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), isolated in 1983 by Paster Institute researches, has been recognised as the cause of million fatalies in 21st century. Initial monotherapy failed to show promising results, however, with the development of highly active antiretroviral therapy new era of HIV treatment has started. This new approach resulted in extended life time, reduced development of virus resistance as well as morbidity and mortality of HIV patients. Antiretroviral therapy is longlife and connected with serious adverse and toxic effects. Mitochondrial toxicity can be manifested as periferal lipoathrophy, hepatic steatosis, lactic acidosis, neuropathy and miopathy. Metabolic features associated with lipodystrophy include hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, insuline resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance. Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, osteopenia, rash and gastrointestinal symptoms can also occur during antiretroviral therapy. The aim od this work was to present the most important adverse and toxic effects of drugs used in HIV therapy.


Background: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is the treatment of choice for meniscal tears. The ultimate effect of meniscectomy on the joint has been controversial.

Methods: This study was done to determine the short and longterm end results of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The results were assessed on the basis of Lysholm scoring and Tapper and Hoover scoring systems. Detailed questionnaires including different criteria like pain, swelling, locking etc. were sent to 323 patients
with meniscal injuries. One hundred and sixty five patients responded to the questionnaire. The patients were categorized as long term for more than 2 years and short term for 2 years or less of follow up. Patients who underwent reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament were excluded from the study.

Results: The best clinical results were observed in patients who were operated within 3 months after injury (81.25% excellent & good results). Patients below the age of 40 showed consistently better results than those above the age of 40 years. Associated cartilage defects and anterior cruciate ligament rupture vitiated the results. Results were similar for short-term and long-term. The overall scoring showed 76.06% excellent and good results in the Lysholm scoring method and 69.72% excellent and good
results in Tapper and Hoover scoring system.

Conclusion: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy gives good shortand long-term clinical results when performed early and in patients below the age of 40 years for meniscal injuries. Cartilage damage and anterior cruciate ligament injury vitiated clinical end results.


This paper describes a study of the understanding of basic electrical concepts shown by 15‐17 year‐old students in England, France, The Netherlands, Sweden and West Germany, the same objective test having been administered to samples of students in each of these countries. When within‐country results were averaged across student groups the between‐country differences on many aspects of this subject were quite small. Those electrical principles which yielded significant differences fell into two main groups, one concerned with current, flow of charge and energy, the other with voltage and its relationship to current. The consistency with which these significant differences emerged across a range of problems concerning related principles suggests that these represent real differences between the outcomes of teaching across the five countries but the causes of these differences are not yet clear. Despite the differences that have emerged, the overall impression which the results convey is of substantially th...


The invention relates to a process for generating power by melting and gasifying biomass. The process comprises the following steps of: biomass melting and gasifying: starting a gas generating set by liquefied gas, wherein a melting and gasifying reaction is carried out on the biomass at 1,300 DEG C by utilizing high-temperature smoke generated by the generating set, and generated gasified gas is used for generating power and supplementing energy for a gasification agent; and heating up the gasification agent to 1,000 DEG C and then melting and gasifying the biomass at high temperature, wherein after the system is started, the gasification agent is used for providing energy for maintaining the biomass to be continuously molten and gasified without providing energy by the outside, and the melting and gasifying process of the biomass is fully automatically controlled. A device for the process comprises a material conveying, melting and gasifying system, a gasified gas afterheat utilization system, a gas purification system, a gasified gas oxidation afterheat utilization system and a smoke afterheat utilization system which are mutually connected together and controlled by an automatic control system. The invention has the characteristics of high energy utilization rate, no externally provided energy for melting and gasifying the biomass after the device is started, energy saving, environmental protection, high automation degree, and the like and can be widely applied to processes for generating power by melting and gasifying the biomass.


The personalized ventilation system aims to improve the quality of the inhaled air, to diminue the risk of transmission of the infectious agents and to improve the thermal comfort of the occupants . The principle of this work is to compare the classical ventilation system and the personalized ventilation system from the energy consumption and the thermal comfort point of view. The analyse was made with a nodal model, using the numerical simulations in the SPARK simulation environment. The object of the simulations was a classroom in Bucharest, Romania. The result showed that personalized ventilation can reduce the energy consumption of about 49% and to provide the desired thermal comfort. Key-Words: Personalized Ventilation, Classical Ventilation; Energy Consumption; thermal comfort, simulation; SPARK.


This study aims at investigating address forms that are usually used in the workplace to address Arab married and unmarried women, from a sociolinguistic point of view. Despite the universality of the notion of using address forms, the elements that make them up and the rules that govern their use are cultural and social bound. It examines the use of address forms in relation to the impact of social variables such as gender, age and status on the form being used. To this end, a discourse completion task (DCT) was used to collect data. Analysis of 2000 occurrences of using address terms was carried out. Occurrences were collected from 100 Jordanian people working for JHAS organization. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively. Data were categorized into ten major categories. Results of the study highlight the most persistent terms of address. Results show that personal 'first name' form was the most frequently used address form, while 'kinship terms' were the least used form of address.


An ion source for accelerators requires to provide a stable waveform with a certain pulse length appropriate to the application. The pulse length of laser ion source is easy to control because it is expected to be proportional to plasma drifting distance. However, current density decay is proportional to the cube of the drifting distance, so large current loss will occur under unconfined drift. We investigated the stability and current decay of a Nd:YAG laser generated copper plasma confined by a solenoidal field using a Faraday cup to measure the current waveform. It was found that the plasma was unstable at certain magnetic field strengths, so a baffle was introduced to limit the plasma diameter at injection and improve the stability. Magnetic field, solenoid length, and plasma diameter were varied in order to find the conditions that minimize current decay and maximize stability.


During the last two decades, Translation Studies has not been oblivious to the strains between the monolingualism defended by those who consider that English should be the lingua franca within our discipline and the multilingualism of those who defend linguistic diversity and translation as a vehicle for the creation and communication of thinking and research, together with their dissemination. In this article we perform a bibliometric analysis of the use of English and other European languages within the scientific production of Translation Studies, based on the BITRA database. The data collected reveal that there are certain relationships between languages, lines of research, researchers' attitudes, channels of communication, and supporting institutions.


This paper examines the development of policies which seek to mobilise and maximise the potential of diaspora investment in their home countries. While a great deal of migrant entrepreneurship literature focuses on impacts in the host country, less is known about the impacts of diasporans on home countries. The paper focuses on the three post-conflict Balkan economies of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Montenegro, each of which has large diaspora communities. Through an analysis of relevant literature and policy documents, the paper shows that post-conflict economies are aiming to mobilise the diaspora in response to negative impacts of economic shocks, which in the case of the Balkans has been caused by the break-up of the former Yugoslavia and wars on the 1990s. Similar strategies are being introduced in the three economies but how these translate into coordinated policy differs, with the ability to effectively mobilise the diaspora impacting on future growth. Contributions to scholarship on diaspora communities and policy approaches are discussed.


The paper determines the activity coefficient of HCl within HCl-HiCl-C\-3H\-7OH-H\-2O system with the EMF method~ under five temperature ranges and gross ionic strength I identified with 0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0 and 5.0 mol.Kg\+\{-1\} respectively.The result of t~he experiments shows that the activity coefficient of HCl,γ\-A,is in accord~ with~ Harned rule at temperature 5,15,25,35 and 45 Crespectively.


Enterprise Group is playing an increasingly important role in the economic and social development of China.Statistical work of enterprise groups is also facing many problems and challenges.Following the changes of development situation,the development of statistical work should also be adjusted and improved,in order to meet both the needs of government statistical work and the demands of the enterprise.From working experience,the problems encountered in the statistical management of an enterprise group has been introduced and some ideas to resolve the problems have been proposed.


This study aims to reveal the students ' perception on the application of the lecture method plus and The imitation method applied by the art of culture teacher at SMA Negeri 3 Pariaman on learning presentation of musical works. This research is a type of quantitative study with a descriptive analysis approach. This Data is derived from the results of poll distribution, interviews, and observations, then processed using the TCR score formula and percentages. The first indicator in Questionnaire 1 isAcceptance. It shows how well the students receive the treatment and procedures fromthe teachers who apply the plus lecture method when teaching in the classroom. The score obtained from this indicator is 82, and it is categorized Very well. The second indicator is Understanding. It showshow well the students understand the whole material taught by the the teachers who applied the plus lecture method in the classroom. The score obtained from this indicator is 70.5, and it is categorized Good. The third one is the Assessment indicator. It showsthe students' views towards the assessment given by the teachers who applied the plus lecture method on all aspects of the assessment available to students. The score obtained is 85 3, and it is categorized Very Good. The total score of the three indicators in questionnaire 1 was 238.The first indicator in Questionnaire 2 is Acceptance.It shows how well students receive the learning process given by the teachers applying the imitation method. The score obtained is 97, and it is categorized Very Good. The second indicator isUnderstanding. It shows how well students understand the materials taught and exemplified by the teachers who apply the imitation method to students. The score obtained is 93.3, and it is categorized Very Good. The third one isAssessment indicator. It showsthe students' views towards the accuracy of the teachers assessments viewed from various assessment aspects. The score obtained is 86, and it is also categorized Very Good. The total score of the three indicators is 276.Keywords: Student perception, lecture Plus, imitation method, musical works


Detection is a process by which to examine or conduct an examination of something using certain means and techniques. The remote to local attack was a local incursion to get access to an account into a system that didn't have an account into that system before. The r2l attack patterns on darpa databases are identifiable with such parameters as source address, destination address, flags, IP addresses, and TCP claims. It USES vector support technology where SVM produces a classification of offensive and normal files separated by hyperlane line, purple class 1 for attack and -1 for normal yellow file. Results from my classification used SVM in evaluation with confusion matrix to find out how great the accuracy level of detection of attack and normal file and SVM. From this research we obtained a 99.99% accurate rate which is a very good result of accuracy.


This study aims to: (1) To find out the types of figurative languages used in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s (2) To analyze the contextual meanings of figurative language used in children's songs in the 1990s and 2000s. The data in this study are in the form of words. Data obtained by using the method of observation and documentation method. The data analysis used is descriptive qualitative. Data is presented in formal and informal forms. The results of data analysis in this study found the types of figurative language in children's songs in the 1990s, namely simile, metaphor, personification, symbolic, paradox and hyperbole. While in children's songs in the 2000s, the types of figurative language used are simile, metaphor, personification, metonymy, symbolic, paradox, hyperbole and


In order to improve the efficiency of intelligence algorithm in integration planning and to avoid "premature" phenomenon, an improved genetic algorithm strategy-a method based on fitness density and scaling is proposed in the paper. It applies a new encoding way of integration planning. The two examples of simulation experiments show that the genetic improvement strategy could significantly reduce solving algebra and prevent "premature" phenomenon.


It is mandatory to establish a detailed implementation plan on measures for adaptation to climate change of local governments, based on the Article 48 of the Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth and Article 38 of the Enforcement Decree of the same Act of South Korea. However, it is difficult for local governments to establish such detailed implementation plan due to high budget spending, lack of experts in climate change field and the shift in cyclical positions of government officials. The Korea Adaptation Center for Climate Change(KACCC) has developed a system for supporting local governments to overcome the difficulties. The system provides integrated data regarding climate change adaptation, such as general information, current status and prospect of climate change, climate change impact analysis, vulnerability and risk assessment to climate change using VESTAP (Vulnerability Assessment Tool to Build Climate Change Adaptation Plan) for each region. Based on the integrated information regarding adaptation to climate change, local governments conduct a survey targeting general public, civil servants, experts, etc. using the questionnaire on adaptive awareness provided by the system. Each local government can analyze the information and inventory of adaptation measures and diagnose the policies to establish detailed implementation plans for each sector. By establishing the system, it is expected to support government officials’s task through standardization and automation of detailed implementation plans and reduce budget and time required for data collection and analysis. It is possible to improve the quality and maintain the consistency of plans by local governments. The system also supports decision making by rapid and reasonable adaptation measures leading to establishing highly effective and managed implementation plans for local governments.

※ This work was supported by Korea Environment Industry & Technology Institute(KEITI) through Climate Change Correspondence Program, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(2018001310004).


Over the past few years, the Missile Defense Agency Advanced Technology Directorate (MDA/DV) has funded the development of a new III-V infrared (IR) sensor focal plane material: type II strained layer superlattice (SLS). Infrared sensors are crucial to missile defense capabilities for target acquisition, tracking, discrimination, and aim point selection; they serve other military sensing applications as well. Most current infrared military systems use mercury-cadmiumtelluride (HgCdTe), a II-VI semiconductor material, for long-wavelength (LW) (8-12 um) focal plane array (FPA) applications. It is difficult to achieve large-format FPAs in HgCdTe at long wavelengths (LW) due to their low yield. The situation is aggravated by the limitation of the small cadmium-zinc-telluride (CdZnTe) substrates. SLS is the only known IR material that has a theoretical prediction of higher performance than HgCdTe. Over the past three years, SLS technology has progressed significantly, demonstrating experimentally its potential as a strong candidate for future highperformance IR sensor materials. In this paper, we will discuss the most recent progress made in SLS. We will also discuss MDA's new direction for this technology development. The plan is to use a horizontal integration approach instead of adhering to the existing vertical integration model. This new horizontal approach is to increase the number of industrial participants working in SLS and leverage existing III-V semiconductor foundries. Hopefully it will reduce the cost of SLS IR technology development, shared foundry maintenance, and future SLS production.


Introduction The process of writing the history of Vumba, on the southern coast of Kenya, came to a peak at the start of the twentieth century. In 1900, A.C. Hollis, a colonial officer stationed at nearby Vanga (Figure 1), published his Notes on the History of Vumba and fixed those histories at a moment in time.1 Later re-workings of Vumba history would be based largely on Hollis' account, sometimes almost unchanged; one published history seems to have been written without the author ever visiting East Africa.2 It would not be until the 1970s that a researcher would choose to revisit the area and interview inhabitants on the precolonial past, as remembered in oral traditions,3 and he was to find that most people recounted the tale as published, sometimes even reading from Hollis' text during interviews. Vumba Kuu was a Swahili town of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, abandoned in the late sixteenth century by its population who moved to Vanga and Wasini Island. By the nineteenth century, as today, it was difficult to identify physically, as the site had mostly disintegrated and only the footings of a few stone ruins remained in its forest setting. The location was remembered among local groups, however, and the creation of Vumba's history as one of the Shirazi settlements of the south Kenya coast had begun some time before Hollis inscribed it in 1900. It is said that his account was based on the Chronicle of Vumba Kuu, an older document that was destroyed when the Imperial British East Africa Company sacked Vanga in 1896.4 This document, in turn, is said to have been built up over time as the reigns and deeds of the various rulers were recorded. Whether or not the Chronicle ever existed as an actual document (and there are interesting parallels with the Chronicle of Pate, also destroyed due to British aggression, this time at Witu5), it had certainly long existed as an oral tradition, and as such would have been told and retold over many years before the definitive account was recounted in the early twentieth century. In this paper, I argue that the process of creating Vumba's historical traditions has an even longer chronology. Through the results of archaeological research at the site of Vumba Kuu, the capital of the Vumba and their original home, I explore the scene of the events related by the traditions. The settlement of Vumba Kuu emerges as a humble site, unable to bear the rhetorical weight of the later histories, which have made it famous as a type-site for Swahili manifestations of power. The evidence of archaeology at Vumba Kuu does not simply "disprove" these histories; rather, it gives an insight into the ongoing process of historical memory and the process of forgetting Vumba Kuu's humble past while commemorating an ideal past that worked for the present. Through a focus on this dynamic process, and particularly the ways that it was bound up in material practices, the different periods of Vumba's past are brought together into a continual process of becoming, or negotiating Swahili identity as constituted in different time periods. Thus, we may see a disjuncture between the histories as presented to, and understood by, Hollis, and the past as it was laid down in the archaeological record: the history of everyday life. The archaeological record allows a reassessment of the histories as artifacts; the claims of the Vumba elite are cast as aspirational, using history as a means of creating a certain identity to move into the twentieth century. This paper argues that, through an emphasis on the material world of Vumba Kuu, and more particularly through the practices that bound objects, spaces, and people, it is possible to discern a thread of continuity through the discontinuities and differing modalities of the disciplines. As such, I draw on the work of Ann Stahl6 who has advocated the use of multiple sources in our attempts to understand the past, recognizing the lived past and the construction of historical memory as intertwined and inseparable phenomena. …


The planetesimal disk has evolved into the Oort cloud mainly due to two external forces: (1) Galactic tidal force, and (2) perturbation from the passing stars. I investigate the effects of passing stars on the evolution of the planetesimal disk; the evolution into the isotropic distribution and the decay of the number of planetesimals. I will show the semi-analytical formulae that express the evolution of the orbital distribution and the lifetime of the Oort cloud.


Ten essentially undisturbed old—growth stands, growing on upland, well—drained sites, were sampled to describe the composition of the northern hardwood forest in a region close to its western limits. Nine of the ten stands lie in a belt along the north shore of Lake Superior. Acer saccharum and Betula lutea are the most important canopy dominants to the north, with Tilia americana added southward. The shrub layer is limited; the majority of herbs are spring—flowering, and highest presence—frequency indices are shown by Streptopus roseus, Clintonia borealis, and Maianthemum canadense. A1, A2, and B2 soil horizons were analyzed for texture, exchangeable cations, and total nitrogen. The soils are mostly sandy loams, sandy clay loams, and loams, of Brown Podsolic or moderate Podsol type, developed from glacial till. Stand composition is compared with that of ten stands, lying eastward in Wisconsin and westward in Minnesota, from published studies by others. Species changes along east—west and north—south topo...


Thermal infrared nadir sounders are ideal for observing total columns or vertical profiles of atmospheric gases such as water, carbon dioxide and ozone. High resolution sounders with a spectral resolution below 5 cm−1 can distinguish fine spectral features of trace gases. Forty years after the launch of the first hyperspectral sounder IRIS, we have now several state of the art instruments in orbit, with improved instrumental specifications. In this letter we give an overview of the trace gases which have been observed by infrared nadir sounders, focusing on new observations of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). We present typical observations of 14 rare reactive trace gas species. Several species are reported here for the first time in nadir view, including nitrous acid, furan, acetylene, propylene, acetic acid, formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide, observations which were made in a pyrocumulus cloud from the Australian bush fires of February 2009. Being able to observe this large number of reactive trace gases will likely improve our knowledge of source emissions and their impact on the environment and climate.


What threat does instability and insecurity across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) pose to European defence? NATO makes much of being a 360-degree alliance. In fact, there often seems little link between the threat faced by Europe's Eastern, Northern, and Southern states. The nature of the threat is very different. Across MENA social and political instability has worsened with the emergence of state versus anti-state Salafist Jihadism. The West's humiliation during the Syrian war has enabled Russia to exploit Europe's loss of already limited influence, whilst the flows of desperate people towards Europe have weakened the political and strategic cohesion of the Allies, as tensions with Turkey grow. The prospect of a major regional-strategic war is ever present but transatlantic cohesion has been undermined by conflict over what to do with Iran and its nuclear programme. Russian and Turkish interference in Libya threatens not only to cut off vital oil supplies to Europe but to further exacerbate the suffering of refugees and migrants. The impact COVID-19 will have on the many fragile states across MENA is unclear but the sheer scale of potential risk, challenges, and threat to European security and defence must end the bonfire of European illusions.


Objective To evaluate 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET imaging in fever of unknown origin for screening of lymphoma. Methods Fifty-nine patients with fever of unknown origin (fever more than three weeks,temperature over 38.3 ℃) underwent PET imaging with 18 F-FDG,the results were compared with the final diagnosis. Results Eight patients (13.6%) were diagnosed as lymphoma by PET imaging in the fifty-nine cases with fever of unknown origin,which were verified as two Hodgkin lymphoma and six non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions PET imagings can find the lesions of lymphoma with fever smaller than 1 cm or deep in body. 18 F-FDG PET imaging appears to be a valuable imaging procedure for screening of lymphoma in fever of unknown origin.


The essence of federated learning is that each trainer cooperates with other trainers to achieve strong robustness and high prediction accuracy on the premise of ensuring their own private data security. When some local trainers' data are polluted, it may cause systemic disasters. How to efficiently detect abnormal servers and dynamically manage abnormal local trainers is currently a challenging research direction. Based on this, this paper proposes the N batch RCF abnormal client federated detection algorithm based on normalized gradient. RCF detects the client abnormal gradient and records it in the abnormal gradient queue. If the N consecutive batch gradients uploaded by the client are abnormal, the communication with the global server is terminated. When the upload gradient does not meet the communication termination conditions, the communication is resumed; extracts sample features based on heterogeneous multi-model fusion to fully learn the spatial features of sample features.


The invention discloses a battery power supply device of an intelligent instrument. The battery power supply device comprises a battery, a first linear voltage stabilizing chip, a second linear voltage stabilizing chip, a voltage monitoring chip, a power storage device and a microprocessor, wherein a power supply is connected with the input end of the first linear voltage stabilizing chip, the first linear voltage stabilizing chip and the second linear voltage stabilizing chip are connected in a cascade mode, the output end of a first linear voltage stabilizer is connected with the power storage device, and the microprocessor is connected with the output end of the first linear voltage stabilizing chip and the output end of the second linear voltage stabilizing chip, and connected with the positive electrode of the power supply through the voltage monitoring chip. By the adoption of the battery power supply device, the instrument is stable and reliable in working power supply, the defect that in the power supply mode of an existing instrument, the power supply voltage fluctuates with the battery voltage is overcome, and therefore a follow-up circuit of the whole instrument is stable and safe in work. Users can replace the battery by themselves and can conveniently use the battery power supply device.


The US-China trade war started in 2018 by Trump's administration, which has had a lasting influence on trade between China and US. Both countries have broken the initial trade agreement and raised tariffs to counter other country's products. It has a further impact on the US and China's macro-economy and small firms' business. The trade war has not only decreased the economy's efficiency but also make the extra cost during the normal production process. Eventually, it has a bi-directional impact on both US and China. This essay has discussed the reason why the US started trade sanction on China and how China fights it back, which is the starting of the trade war. During trade war, tariff has been an important method to sanction other countries' exports and limit their imports, and further protects their domestic goods. Focusing on soybean trading between US and China, the trade war has a significant impact on both country's economy and related industries. Both China and US have suffered from economic inefficiency and also confronted precarious relationships due to the trade war's further effects.


An array of four slot antennas backed with substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities is presented for application to multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. Two 0.18λ spaced antennas are decorrelated by the use of a rat race hybrid. An investigation based on simulations and measurements has been carried out. The impedance matching and the radiation characteristics of these structures were studied using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique. The array performance is judged by considering the correlation coefficients between the elements and the MIMO channel capacity.


A new horizontal electropolishing facility has been developed by Ettore Zanon SpA (EZ) and implemented for the series production of the EXFEL cavities at EZ. Main electropolishing done according to EXFEL specification is the first step in the surface treatment process, that is essential to reach high performances. Particular attention has been dedicated to find the best configuration during qualification of the system. Correlation between process variables for industrial application, RF tests at room temperature at Zanon and vertical RF tests at 2 K at DESY are investigated, in order to optimize the removal of Niobium. The facility has been designed for industrial scope, in order to guarantee the required quality and a production rate of 4 cavities per week . One of the most important aspects for design has been the automation of the process that permits to have complete control on it.


Maurizia Boscagli's sophisticated and wide-ranging book explores the instability and the radical potential of everyday things (which she calls "stuff ") in a culture of consumption and spectacle. Informed by and responding to the new materialism that has emerged across various disciplines, Stuff Theory strives to develop a new theoretical model to explain how we now live with and among things. Boscagli examines an array of examples from various media, time periods, cultures, national traditions, and aesthetic lineages, offering provocative readings of an intriguing group of works, and providing some useful new ways of thinking about the sheer strangeness and complexity — and even the liberating potential — of our daily interaction with material objects.


This paper deals with the historical and current trends in the development of civil engineering and construction technologies. The authors demonstrate the continuity of creative thought and effort among early master builders and technology developers throughout the history of civilizations that created the most iconic structures remaining in the world heritage of the built environment to the contemporary times. Recent concepts and ongoing efforts in the development of advanced construction technologies based on automation and information sciences, materials science and systems engineering are highlighted in the context of historical ideas and achievements of past architects and construction engineers of the past century.


predictably the most likely cause of avoidable pre-hospital death in combat and security operations. Enduring data from the Wound Data and Munition Effectiveness Team (WDMET) relating to 7989 US casualties of the Vietnam conflict indicates that bleeding from limb wounds accounts for over half the potentially preventable deaths in combat (others being airway obstruction, and haemorrhage that could be controlled surgically)(1). Champion et al have further estimated that 10% of all battlefield deaths are caused by haemorrhage from extremity wounds (2). As death from exsanguination can occur in minutes it is necessary to place treatment capability far forward and to train and equip a range of medical and non-medical personnel. Every member of the Armed Services is taught the basic principles of haemorrhage control: put pressure on the wound, apply a field dressing and elevate the limb. But for some injuries this will not be enough (3). Additionally, while the aim is to evacuate casualties as quickly as possible from the battlefield, the reality on the ground is that evacuation is likely to be delayed by ongoing fighting or difficult terrain (4,5). The importance of identifying novel, simple and reliable field interventions to arrest traumatic haemorrhage in the combat environment has not been missed by industry. A comprehensive industry-wide review, led by Military Emergency Medicine, was undertaken in October 2004 and has led to a strategy for operational analysis and staged implementation of novel haemostatic techniques, with new products available to elements of deployed troops since April 2005. The need for an improvement in the First Field Dressing (the military's general purpose wound dressing for combat casualties) was clear. Common practice had evolved to remove the non-distensible cotton ties and apply an elastic (crepe) bandage over the gauze wad in order to achieve adequate compression. The new dressing (The Emergency Care BandageTM) combines an absorbent pad with an elastic bandage, similar to the dressing widely used by US military and Israeli Defence Force personnel. An active choice was taken to exclude the option for incorporating a pressure bar, with emphasis placed on training the individual to apply digital pressure into the wound to further assist haemorrhage control. Arterial tourniquets are part of established contemporary battlefield first aid training and practice. However, current civilian first aid guidelines for management of severe bleeding do not include tourniquets (6). This is not surprising as mortality from isolated extremity injury is rare in the civilian population (7) and hospitals are usually close to the point of wounding: the risks associated with tourniquets are, therefore, seen to outweigh the potential benefits.With the raised threat of military-type injuries from terrorist improvised explosive devices, civilian agencies may review this strategic choice. Over 2500 US military deaths occurred in Vietnam from injuries confined to the extremities: this has been extrapolated to imply that 7% of combat deaths could be saved by using a tourniquet. Lakstein et al analysed the Israeli Defence Force experience of tourniquet use over a 4 year period (1997-2001). 91 of 550 patients (a combination of soldiers and civilians wounded in combat operations or terrorist attacks) had tourniquets applied. 17 casualties had more than one tourniquet applied. 125 patients died from their injuries, but none from uncontrolled limb haemorrhage. A tourniquet in this setting was a technique of failure, with personnel trained to use one only when pressure through a dressing was ineffective (8). The logical conclusion is that arterial tourniquets do save lives. Coupland et al (9,10) have suggested that use of a tourniquet can be classified as tactical (short term, applied at the point of injury to get rapid control of bleeding; may be self applied; reviewed when out of danger), a trial of tourniquet (when needed in addition to a pressure dressing and elevation, and reassessed at 2 hours after initial application) and a last resort (if bleeding continues after the tourniquet is released at the 2 hour point). The implication for the 'last resort' is that the limb will be lost unless rapid surgical intervention follows. The Samway Anchor is the tourniquet currently in service. There are anecdotal internal reports that this device has failed in the desert setting due to the rubber perishing. Tourniquets available to the Lt Col PF Mahoney OStJ FRCA Senior Lecturer in Critical Care


Nanomedicine is a field of science that employs materials in the nanometer scale. Specifically, the use of nanoparticles (NPs) has some medical applications due to their structure, for example, the ability to cross the biological barriers, and their effectiveness avoiding some drug delivery problems. Because of that, in the last years, the use of NPs has been raised as a workable solution for neurodegenerative diseases (ND) treatment [1,2]. NDs are characterized by a continuous structural and functional neuronal loss, usually correlated with neuronal death. Between NDs, Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common disorders worldwide, becoming a serious economic burden and public health problem [3].


The mode of operation of multi-aperture ferrite core devices is explained briefly and applications as shift registers discussed. An equipment for displaying the characteristics of the registers is described.


Highlight Monomers of three developmentally regulated isoforms of glutamine synthetase holoenzyme in wheat cultivars were identified and their molecular weight was determined using modified blue native electrophoresis combined with an in-gel activity assay.


Using the LKB-2277 bioactivity monitor, five iso-thermal curves of anthers including four rice CMS (cytoplasm male sterile) lines Purple rice A, Zhenshan 97A, Honglian Yuetai A and Maxie A and one maintainer Purple rice B were obtained at 37deg C. The results indicated that every curve had its character which was directly correlative to the degree of pollen abortion and consistent with the cytologic analysis, eg., the numerical value of Purple rice A anther^s curve is minimum and the anther^s metabolize activity is the weakest correspondingly, and so are the others. This is a new method that can be used in qualitative and quantitative analysis of rice male sterility.


Background Sleep quality is considered to be associated with cognitive function for older adults, but little is known about whether living with others can buffer mild cognitive impairment in older adults with poor sleep quality. The objective of this study was to examine the role of living arrangements in sleep quality and cognitive function among older adults aged 65 and over. Methods 2,859 older adults over 65 years old were selected by using multi-stage stratified sampling method. Cognitive function and sleep quality were measured using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Binary logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between sleep quality and mild cognitive impairment, and the interaction effects of sleep quality and living arrangements on mild cognitive impairment stratified by gender. Results Poor sleep quality was associated with mild cognitive impairment among men and women regardless of living arrangements. The significantly protective role of living with others in reducing the incidence of mild cognitive impairment was found in men with poor sleep quality, but not in women. Conclusion Targeted support for older adults with poor sleep quality may be effective in preventing mild cognitive impairment, and gender differences should be taken into account when promoting cohabitations.


Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and microsystems technologies are being increasingly considered for use in military vehicles and weapon systems. Assets ranging from aircraft and communications to munitions may soon incorporate MEMS technologies. These MEMS devices must perform their required functions for the duration of the equipment's mission profile. Long-term performance in a given scenario can be assured through an understanding of the predominant MEMS failure modes. Once the failure modes have been identified, standardized tests can then be developed and conducted on representative devices to detect the potential for these failures. However, there is a need to implement standardized tests and requirements to ensure adequate long-term performance of MEMS devices in fielded and emerging military systems. To this end, Concurrent Technologies Corporation has been tasked by the U.S. Army to initiate efforts to standardize test methods that have been developed under previous activities. This paper presents an overview of the MEMS activities under the MEMS reliability assessment program and describes the MEMS reliability test guidelines that are being developed under this effort.


The ultrastructural analysis of 40 cases of mammary carcinomas revealed two groups of cells: with ultrastructural organ specific features (differentiated cells) and without them (undifferentiated cells). Intracytoplasmic lumens, secretory granules (lipid, protein, and mixed lipid-protein), and myoepithelial cells are the main organ specific features of mammary carcinomas. The histospecific features showing the epithelial origin of the tumor cells include cell-to-cell contacts, ductules, intercytoplasmic lumens with microvilli, and fragments of basal lamina. These ultrastructural features of mammary carcinomas can facilitate the differential diagnosis of tumors of this organ.


Since the 1990s there has been a burgeoning focus on the experience and treatment of children in the ancient world. The majority of studies have utilized historical and iconographic sources more than the archaeological record, resulting in an image of Roman childhood that is dominated by the view from Rome. For Roman Britain, the archaeological context, especially the funerary domain, is a fruitful source of evidence concerning childhood. The bioarchaeological and material evidence from Romano-British cemeteries is reviewed here. Skeletal remains provide valuable evidence relating to the health and care of past children. The integration of the skeletal data with the material evidence from the funerary context can illuminate past perceptions of childhood and the social construction of this earlier part of the life course. Theoretical and methodological developments within archaeology are paving the way for a more complete understanding of Roman childhood.


establishing organizational cultures, and the impact of sagas and myths on structure.3 Consultants have watched their carefully designed interventions founder on unspoken assumptions. They have devised diagnostic culture audits and culture-gap profiles to guide their actions.4 Bureaucrats and executives act as tribal leaders; they tell stories, repeat myths, and stage rites and ceremonials.5


The purpose of this study was to carry out an empirical examination to assess whether using danmu while watching video content affects user's perceptions on perceived interactivity, viewing engagement, and viewing satisfaction. The simple linear regression results showed that the use of danmu had a significant positive effect on respondent's viewing engagement and viewing satisfaction, users' perceived interactivity while watching programmes with danmu was also shown significant. The results of this study can be regraded as basic data for traditional television to understand a new viewing environment, provide clues to explore the effects of digital technology combined with different video content. The study also presented the need for further development and applicability of digital technology functions, including danmu.


Studies about the elderly are mostly focused on morbidity and psychological conditions of the elderly. Effects of social relations have been noted to be important for the well-being of an elderly person. Later studies have begun to look at socioeconomic status of the elderly to see its relation to the level of morbidity. This paper is based on a nationwide survey. A total of 10 percent of elderly total population was interviewed to obtain socioeconomic and lifestyle information. A self reporting method was used as it was easiest to obtain the answers from the elderly. A total of 1410 elderly respondents aged 60 and above were interviewed from the regions of northern, eastern, middle and southern Peninsular Malaysia and also from Sabah and Sarawak. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 16. Quantitative analysis based on mean, standard deviation and multiple regressions was done. Findings show that higher morbidity rate lowers ones economic well-being. Females report higher morbidity then males, while those who are married and residing in rural area also report lower morbidity.


Purpose – Within the framework of an ongoing cluster‐randomized effectiveness trial of a parental prevention program, the aim of the present study is to investigate attitudes towards under‐age drinking and use of program components, i.e. alcohol‐specific parenting behaviors, in parents who did and did not take part in the programme.Design/methodology/approach – Non‐parametric tests were used to analyze cross‐sectional data from 1,239 14‐year‐olds and their parents, collected at a 12‐month follow‐up.Findings – Strict attitudes and alcohol‐specific rule‐setting were more frequently reported among parents in the experimental group than among parents in the control group (89.2 v. 81.7 percent, p < 0.001, respectively 92.8 v. 88.5 percent, p < 0.01). Parental reports were supported by that significantly fewer youths in the experimental group reported being served alcohol at home (36.6 v. 44.7 percent, p < 0.01).Research limitations/implications – Most of the measures were not included at the baseline measureme...


The further usage of vegetable waste from orange as textile dyes is presented in this paper. The work is focused on carotenoids dyestuff extracted from orange peels. A statistical mixture-design technique was used to study the effects of different solvents (acetone, hexane, and ethanol) and their mixtures on the carotenoids yield from the orange peel wastes. The experimental results and their response-surface models showed that the combination of solvents increased the total carotenoids yields compared with that obtained by any of the individual solvents. Acetone-hexane-ethanol (50-46-4 %) mixture extracted more carotenoids than did other mixtures. Unmordanted and post-mordanted bleached cotton fabric were dyed. Three percent alum of the weight fraction of cotton were used as mordant. Colour measurements (K/S, L*, a*, b*) and fastness properties as light and wash fastness were tested.


Baghdad (Iraq) - Two U.S. soldiers were wounded when their Humvee vehicle struck a landmine in the Iraqi town of Hit, about 140 km (90 miles) northwest of Baghdad, a U.S. military spokesman said.


Immunization is often cited as being one of the most costeffective public health interventions. A vaccine is an immuno-biological substance designed to generate specific protection against a given disease. 1 Globally, each year 130 million children are born, of which 91million are in the developing countries. However, around 10 million children under the age of five years die every year and over 27 million infants in the world do not get full routine immunization. 2 The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) was launched in Nov 19th 1985. Post-National Immunization Programme era has witnessed a dramatic decrease in the incidence of the VPD's. Of the several VPD's, as of now, only small pox has been eradicated; which was confirmed in May 1980. 3


In a previous study on the reactivity of the reproductive system of young hamsters (Ortiz, '47) the ovary was found to be most reactive to gonadotrophic hornione at the age of puberty (30 to 36 days). Ovarian sensitivity in these animals developed gradually from birth and reached a high peak at puberty. The subsequent history of ovarian reactivity with advancing age especially during old age is of particular interest in this species. Claims have been made by both scientific investigators and hamster breeders that the female hamster reaches a state of reproductive inactivity at about 11 months of age (Bond, '45; and others). I n addition, histological changes have been reported in the ovary with advancing age. Rolle and Charipper ('49) describe a marked invasion of fibrous connective tissue in this organ by 9 to 10 months of age, and this is greatly increased in older animals. Whether sterility and ovarian failure and degeneration in old age result from loss in ovarian sensitivity to pituitary hormone is a fundamental probleiii. The results to be reported here were obtained in an effort to answer this question. This study is a comparison of the reactivity of the reproductive tract of puberal, young adult and old female hamsters.


This article investigates the way the methodology of process drama, and specifically the convention of dramatised poetry, can enhance the anger-management skills of adolescent girls. The article presents findings from a recent study that set out to teach anger-management skills to adolescent girls using process drama conventions. The argument explores the notion of process drama propounded by the prominent applied drama scholar Cecily O'Neill (1995) and the applicability of this methodology for stimulating the perception, awareness and identification of various forms of anger as prerequisites to anger management in adolescent girls. As the adolescent girl finds herself at the crossroads of childhood and adulthood, emotions of frustration and anger towards parents and peer groups often surface. It is therefore beneficial for her to be empowered with the insight and skills required to identify and manage her anger. The fictitious world within process drama creates a safe space where sensitive issues can be explored without uncovering personal issues. Poetry is, in many instances, loaded with emotional content and can therefore be used as a vehicle for considering emotional issues that would otherwise not be possible. This article therefore reports on a multidiscipline research project, namely the dramatisation of poetry, as a convention of the methodology of process drama, to enhance anger management, as an emotional competence in the 14- to 15-year-old adolescent girl.


Objective To investigate the relationship between diabetic chronic complications and expression of HO-1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in newly diagnosted type 2 diabetic patients. Methods There were two groups of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, chronic diabetic complication group and non-complication group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA_1c, serum MDA, ROS output and expression of HO-1mRNA and protein in peripheral blood monocytes were determined. Also health volunteers were used as control group. Results Control group had significantly lower levels of FPG, MDA, ROS output, HO-lmRNA and protein than diabetic group. Complication group had significantly higher levels of FPG (P0.05) , HbA_1c (P0.05) , ROS output (P0.01) , serum MDA (P0.01), and expressions of HO-1mRNA (P0.05) and protein (P0.05) when compared with non-complication group. There was positive correlation between the expression of HO-1mRNA and levels of FPG, MDA and HO-1 protein (P0.05). Also there were positive correlation between the expression of HO-1 protein and ROS output, serum MDA (P0.05). And MDA was correlated with ROS significantly (P0.05). Conclusions There are significant oxidative stress in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with chronic complications. HO-1 may be one of the most important protective mechanisms against oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus, and high expression of HO-1 may prevent or prolong the development of diabetic chronic complications.


A receiver circuit with built-in electrical overstress protection for a graphics double data rate, version 5 (GDDR5) interface is proposed. The new circuit in a fully functional memory controller system is fabricated in a 45 nm CMOS process using only native thin-gate transistors. The receiver's functionality and performance are experimentally verified at 5.6 Gb/s with 20 ps set-up/hold and 54 mVpp voltage uncertainty with better than 10−12 bit error rate (BER).


The initiators used to accelerate curing of the polymerizing inks are mixed with all or part of the fed to the printing press fountain solution (12). For this, a metering unit (100) can be used, the metered also the usual dampening solution additives into the fresh water. In this way, the service life of the colors is increased and facilitates the introduction of polar initiators in the ink.


Objective To explore the pathogeny and treatment of hyperbilirubin after liver transplantation. Method Clinical data of 33 patients after liver transplantation was retrospectively analyzed to summarize the pathogeny and prevention and treatment of the hyperbilirubin. Result The pathogeny of hyperbilirubin after liver transplantation included biliary complication (36?%, n=12), intrahepatic cholestasis (30?%, n=10), acute rejection (54?%, n=18), blood vessel complication (30?%, n=10), infection complication (57?%, n=19), toxic response of drugs (24?%, n=8) and relapse of primary disease (24?%, n=8). Conclusion Biliary complication is the key pathogeny of hyperbilirubin after liver transplantation.


This chapter examines the doctrines governing the authority of trustees and executors. It also looks at the extent to which they could bond the assets they managed where they had no authority to do so under the express or implied terms of the trust or will. As in other areas, the courts of equity and law were concerned to protect innocent purchasers by upholding transactions which appeared to take place in the ordinary course of business, and so to facilitate trade. However, in these cases the courts had to balance that concern with a desire to ensure that trusts and wills could continue to play their respective social functions. There was also a recognition that testators and beneficiaries were not responsible for creating the risk of the unauthorised disposition in the same way as partners and principals.


According to the practice at Baosteel Ltd.for about twenty years,the pulverization rate of sinters varies distinctly with the season.The influence of cooling conditions on the quality and metallurgical properties of sinters was studied in lab.The results show,that the heat preservation cooling is the best.It is advantageous to use variable blast for increasing yield.The results are useful to find rational method of improving sinter quality.


Multifractal analysis is applied to extract nonlinear features from complex systems for condition recognition. Abnormal condition is hazardous for process industry complex system which may lead to accidents. Comparing with traditional techniques of condition recognition without concerning nonlinearity of complex system, multifractal spectrum elaborately reveals scale-invariance or self-similarity pro perties of observed data, which is one of the intrinsic characteristics of complex system. By using Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA) algorithm, multifractal spectrum is calculated directly from monitoring time series data. The shape of multifractal spectrum is used to distinguish abnormal conditions from normal ones of complex system. After multi-source information fusion based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, the proposed approach can be used for abnormal condition recognition in process industry com plex system where continuous multi-channel data are monitored. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated using data from a simulated dataset and a chemical plant model where potential abnormal conditions are detected effectively, thus avoid severe system safety problems.


Tunnel seismic prediction is widely used in the field of tunnel seismic advance detection. The illumination of the target and the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the data are two key factors affecting the precision of data interpretation. Current seismic prospecting has shortcomings on sites: (1) The lighting shots are solely towards one side of the tunnel wall, (2) the geophones are placed far away from the tunnel face and (3) the surface waves from the tunnel wall dominate over the reflection waves, lowering the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the data at the tunnel wall. This paper proposes a tunnel symmetrical geometry to tackle the above challenges. The arrangement is to place 12 sources uniformly on each side of the tunnel wall and six geophones on the tunnel wall and face. Results of simulated data and measured data show that the proposed method enables (1) broad illumination of the target body, (2) the enhancement of illumination energy of the target body, and (3) higher data signal‐to‐noise ratio. The proposed symmetrical geometry method provides better interpretation in terms of broader coverage, higher quality and greater distance of investigation.


Despite the enduring popularity of Tom Brown's Schooldays, which has never been out of print since its publication in 1857, the reputation of its author, Thomas Hughes, has suffered from the general reaction against Victorian values which characterized the first part of the twentieth century. Even as late as 1965, out of sympathy both with Hughes's Christian beliefs and with his moral didacticism, Kenneth Allsop could dismiss him as a writer 'fluctuating between a facetious smugness and a creepy piety'. However, in recent years scholars such as George Worth and Norman Vance have provided us with a more sensitive and nuanced picture of his thought, and one which severely qualifies the traditional image of Hughes as an exponent of a muscular Christianity which exalted an anti-intellectual credo of schoolboy athleticism and adult male toughness perfectly attuned to the ethos of high Victorian imperialism. This paper examines some of the ambiguities which are to be found in Hughes's attempts to encapsulate and transcend the ideals of appropriate masculine and feminine behaviour within the specifically Christian context from which they arose, and in so doing cast some light on the way in which Victorian Christianity both contributed to, and was influenced by, the construction and maintenance of gender roles for both men and women.


Thermal loads can, in principle, provide ancillary services to power systems. In this paper, we propose a new, practical frequency control scheme that allows different types of thermal loads to collaboratively offer reserves in parallel to generators. Primary reserves are provided by residential refrigerators in a decentralized fashion based on local frequency measurements. Secondary reserves come from centralized control of a pool of residential electric water heaters and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems of commercial buildings. The scheme accounts for the loads' electrical and thermal dynamics, and allocates the reserves among them using optimization and signal filtering to achieve the desired responses without compromising user comfort. We demonstrate the scheme's performance via dynamic simulations with a linearized two-area power system model and show that load control improves the system's response to sudden losses of generation and fluctuating power in-feeds.


Globally universities today almost universally employ online (distance, remote) teaching and learning due to COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. Fully online studies were not universally offered by all higher education institutions before the pandemic both globally and in Lithuania. Therefore, it can be argued that before 2020, studies, which analysed distance teaching and learning were to a major degree intended to discuss experiences and attitudes of technology enthusiasts and visionaries. The aim of this paper is to discuss a swift and forced innovation in terms of universal expansion in online learning models and to reveal the perspective of students towards online studies, because the lessons learnt in 2020 may serve for enhancement of higher education didactics even after the quarantine is over. © 2021


MOJAVE is a VLBI program which monitors a statistically complete, radio-selected sample of 135 relativistically beamed, flat-spectrum active galactic nuclei for over more than a decade. In order to understand the high-energy behavior of this radio complete sample, we are performing Swift fill-in observations on the complete MOJAVE-I sample since 2007. The complete study of the spectral energy distribution from radio to X-ray bands on this radio-selected sample will provide us an opportunity to understand the nature of AGN. Here we present the preliminary results of the spectral energy distributions of six gamma-quiet or faint sources from this project: NRAO 140, PKS 0403-13, PKS B0422+004, PKS 0823+033, 3C 309.1, and 3C 380.


BACKGROUND: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by the accumulation of CD5+ B cells with significant resistance to apoptosis and therefore prolonged survival. CLL remains an incurable disease requiring innovative new approaches to improve overall patient outcome. OBJECTIVE: Histone deacetylase inhibitors such as suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) have shown antitumoral activity at micromolar concentrations in a variety of human cancers in vitro and in vivo. These different studies suggested extrinsic, intrinsic and caspase-independent apoptosis as relevant death pathway depending upon cell types. RESULTS: In this study, we examined the effects of SAHA on CLL cells in vitro. SAHA induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in all (n=25) CLL samples tested, including previously untreated and chemo-resistant CLL patients. The level of apoptosis, as measured by annexin binding to exposed PS residues, increased after 48 hours of SAHA treatment and was significant in the treated cells at concentrations of 10 and 20 μM (respectively 45±5 and 52±4% of apoptotic cells versus 29.5±4 for untreated cells, p CONCLUSIONS: SAHA induces apoptosis in CLL cells via the extrinsic pathway involving caspase-8 activation. Since the majority of cytotoxic agents operate via the intrinsic pathway and since defects in the mitochondrial pathway exist in chemoresistant CLL patients, it is important to identify agents that exert their cytotoxic effect via the extrinsic pathway. Moreover, the combination of SAHA with conventional drugs could be of therapeutic effect in CLL.


The stomatal complex of grasses consists of two guard cells and two adjacent subsidiary cells that cooperate during stomatal closure. Zymoseptoria tritici, the main causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch in wheat, enters the host via stomata. Here we test the hypothesis that the stomatal complex shows focused sub-cellular responses to invading Z. tritici hyphae. We have combined live-cell transmission light microscopy, immunofluorescence and CRS microscopy to identify cell wall modifications triggered by hyphal invasion. Furthermore, we have used confocal fluorescence microscopy and automated quantitative image analysis to assess whether host cells respond to hyphae through spatial redistribution of organelles. We find that subsidiary cells construct papillae that are accurately aligned with hyphal position even when hyphae are occluded by guard cells. These are distinct from those induced by powdery mildew, with callose restricted to a crust that surrounds content with a high-amplitude Raman signal in the CH-band. Peroxisome populations in subsidiary cells show distributions with modes weakly correlated with hyphal position but do not differ significantly between compatible and incompatible interactions. Our data suggest local changes to cell wall architecture and focal accumulation of organelles in subsidiary cells could play roles in crop defence during host leaf penetration by Z. tritici. Molecular strategies to amplify these responses may provide novel routes for crop protection.


Paravalvular aortic regurgitation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation is associated with a hemodynamic deterioration and a poor outcome. We aim to determine the early hemodynamic effect of paravalvular aortic regurgitation in relation with the change in the left ventricle filling pattern and to assess their clinical outcome.


Linear constrained constant modulus algorithm (LCCM) is an effective solution to the problem of interference capture in constant modulus algorithm (CMA).But it suffers a slow convergence speed because the target modulus value σ needs to be included in the cost function to be optimized as a parameter.In order to overcome the shortage,this paper proposes a linear constrained differential constant modulus algorithm (LCDCM),which can avoid the search for optimum σ value.For the situation of only one interference existed,this proposed algorithm converges faster and mitigates interference more deeply than LCCM algorithm when the initial σ value isn't properly set.When adaptive array operates in an environment with more than one interference,the LCDCM algorithm has much more convergence characteristic than LCCM algorithm for individual interferences cancellation even when the σ value is optimumly set.


A method for forming a titanium oxide with a crystallized rutile structure is provided to guarantee excellent thermal stability without deterioration of an electrode material in forming noble metal as an electrode and improve a leakage current characteristic and a breakdown voltage characteristic by using a TiO2 thin film with a crystallized rutile structure as a dielectric layer in a deposition process. A Ti precursor and at least NH3 are crystallized to a rutile structure in a deposition process by using an ALD(atomic layer deposition) process. The Ti precursor includes oxygen. In the ALD process, a unit cycle composed of a Ti precursor injection, a purge gas injection, an NH3 injection and a purge gas injection is repeatedly performed wherein the Ti precursor injection, the purge gas injection, the NH3 injection and the purge gas injection are sequentially performed.


A Fe complex of a novel bleomycin model compound bearing a diaminopropionamide (DAPA) moiety as the axial ligand and a long alkyl chain as the steric factor around the 6th coordination site promoted reversible redox reaction and exhibited high oxygen activating ability. Kinetic analysis of the redox reaction in the presence of dioxygen and a reducing agent revealed that the presence of the carbamoyl group on the DAPA moiety facilitates the oxygenation-activation process of the Fe(II) complex, and the reduction process of the resulting Fe(III) complex.


AbstractTension control (TC) bolts are the most-used bolt in steel building construction. They are designed to be tightened using a TC gun. It is not unusual to find places where the TC gun will no...


This study compared the effectiveness of different types of instructional aids for improving learner performance in an introductory statistics course. Two types of instructional aids were examined: an expert system program (ES), and a computer-assisted instructional program (CAI). Subjects for this study were 133 students selected from a required undergraduate introductory statistics course at a large state university. Students with high and low prior levels of statistics achievement were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: 1) an ES as an adjunct to lectures, 2) a CAI as an adjunct to lectures, and 3) a control group with lectures alone. At the conclusion of the study students were tested on a Statistics Achievement Test. Students that had utilized the ES and the CAI teaching aids scored significantly higher than students from the lecture group alone. There were no significant differences between the ES and the CAI groups. The results of the study indicate that computer-based programs can help students learn and improve their performance. Technological advances in the field of computer-based learning programs provide promising opportunities for improving learner performance.


eol-Min Seong yunWook Park, MEMBER SPIE orea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology KAIST epartment of Electrical Engineering 73-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu aejeon 305-701, Korea -mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. This paper presents an automatic superresolution method using multiviewpoint images. Viewpoints of objects in consecutive image frames often change in real video sequences. Hence, in order to adapt the conventional superresolution methods to multiviewpoint images, a geometric transformation of multiviewpoint images to a reference image plane should be performed. In this process, an accurate isoplane transformation is required. We propose a robust random sample consensus RANSAC criterion and a weighted homography estimation, which are important for accurate geometric transformation. Experiments were performed with several video sequences that simulate real surveillance systems. Multiviewpoint image sets were also used to verify the accuracy and stability of the proposed methods. The experimental results show that low-resolution images that are difficult to discern become recognizable high-resolution images using the proposed superresolution method. © 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.2931461


Comparative studies of axial musculature in Phoxinus phoxinus and three species of the genus Rhynchocypris were conducted to analyze locomotor abilities and biotopic preferences of widespread Asian minnows. The ratio between the areas occupied by the red and white muscles, as well as the fiber diameter, was measured on histological sections. Significant between-species differences were found in the size of the both type of fibers. Mean diameter of white fibers varied from 50.7 to 69.3μm, the extreme values (min-max) of this parameter were found in typical lotic species, R. lagowskii and P. phoxinus, respectively. Mean diameter of red fibers varied from 26.4 to 33.5μm, and also does not have a clear link to the type of habitat. On the contrary, the distribution of different types of fibres was in good agreement with the data on preferred biotopes of studied species, divided into two groups. Mean proportion of red fibres in caudal peduncle in lotic P. phoxinus and R . lagowskii (9.1-10.2%) was more than twice as high as that in lentic R. percnurus and R. czekanowskii (3.8-4.3%). The low proportion of red muscles in R. percnurus and R. czekanowskii , in addition to poor mobility, may also indicate adaptation to wintering under hypoxic conditions. In general, the ratio of red to white muscles provides additional information for predicting the distribution of minnows in freshwaters.


: Conventional wisdom believes that the spring-up of cooperative advertising is owing to the difference between the manufacturer's national advertising and the retailer's local advertising. This paper develops a channel competition model to investigate the efficiency when manufacturers or retailers shoulder the responsibility of advertising. It is found that if manufacturers sponsor advertising, they are likely to engage in fierce advertising competition. Yet if it is the retailers who decide the advertising volume, they have not any motivation to advertise at all! This is because all the extra earnings received from advertising would be robbed by the manufacturers. Therefore, it is claimed that cooperative advertising may be a consequence of the retailer's downstream role. In a competitive retail market, the downstream sector is not as likely as the upstream firm to invest heavily in advertising, thereby avoiding the prisoner's dilemma.


Scheduling the flow of water resources is a complex process. Knowledge management refers to sharing and using explicit and tacit knowledge, and promoting organizational efficiency by managing knowledge resources. Integrating water resource flow scheduling and knowledge management means that proper knowledge will reach the right people promptly and improve the management level and standard of water scheduling. This paper analyzes knowledge management demands such as collecting information, scheduling schemes, organizing and conducting scheduling in the process of water scheduling flow. We discuss key knowledge modeling techniques, and the identification and acquisition of technology and knowledge retrieval technology for water scheduling flow. This paper builds knowledge modeling techniques for scheduling water resource flow, combines direct and indirect contexts, and uses context-based similarity matching knowledge tree retrieval technology for water scheduling. We analyzed the operation management system of the first phase project of the Eastern Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion. The knowledge management framework consists of two information systems and four management levels. The two information systems are 1) collecting information system of water scheduling flow and the 2) management information system of water scheduling flow. The four management levels are the 1) knowledge management users'interface, 2) level of water scheduling flow, 3) level of knowledge base, and 4) the equipment level of knowledge management and flow management. Our framework integrates knowledge management, water scheduling flow and staff to deliver the proper knowledge to the proper person promptly in the first phase project of the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion.


Abstract Measurements of Doppler velocity of hydrometeors from airborne Doppler weather radars normally contain a component due to the aircraft motion. Accurate hydrometeor velocity measurements thus require correction by subtracting this velocity from the observed velocity. A method for estimating the aircraft motion contribution using the measured Doppler velocity for the surface is described. The method is based on a recursive least squares fit of a model for the surface Doppler to data acquired over several scans of the radar antenna. The method does not use the aircraft navigational data. Tests of the method on both simulated and real data are presented.


Objective To observe the curative effect of microsurgery on parasagittal and falx meningioma in middle sagittal sinus.Methods 21 patients with parasagittal and falx meningiomas in middle sagittal sinus from January 2004 to January 2012 were collected as group A,15 patients with parasagittal and falx meningiomas in middle sagittal sinus from January 1996 to January 2012 were collected as the group B.Bleeding rates of blood loss,surgery area,the rate of improvement of symptoms,tumor resection,seizure control,complications and recurrence were compared between two groups.Results Intraoperative blood loss in group B were(800 ±220) mL,total tumor resection rate was 66.7%,improvement rate of 80.0%,postoperative rebleeding rate was 20.0%;intraoperative blood loss in group A were(400 ± 150) mL,tumor resection rate was 88.0%,the rate of symptom improvement rate was 92.0%,improvement rate was 8.0%.There was no mortality in two groups,the volume of bleeding in group A was obviously less than those in group B,operation zone rebleeding rate in group A was significantly lower than that in B group,the clinical symptoms of group A improved rate was significantly higher than that of group B,the differences were statistically significant(P 0.01).In group A,the rate of total resection was 92.0%,it was higher than that in group B,the difference was statistically significant(P 0.01);11 cases of epilepsy were found in group A,epilepsy symptom was found disappeared in 7 patients,the dosage of anti-epileptic drags were found reduced in 4 patients,no postoperative new epilepsy patient was found.9 cases of epilepsy were found in group B,epilepsy symptom was found disappeared in 3 patients,seizure frequency were found reduced obviously in 2 cases,long-term oral treatment with anti-epileptic drugs were found in 4 patients.Conclusion Microsurgery enhances the completeness of meningioma resection,reduces the intraoperative bleeding and postoperative rebleeding,improves patients′s ymptoms.Its effect is much better than the routine surgical operations',and is worthy of application and spread.


Compared with the traditional rigid pneumatic cylinder, the pneumatic muscle has many outstanding advantages such as big initial tension, smooth movement, no relative motion component, lightweight. However, it can only provide the tension, can not provide the thrust force; it is a oneorientation output force component. In this paper, use pneumatic muscle as drive component, combined with lever-toggle mechanism, a new type of three-steps force amplified clamping device has been innovated. The working principle of the clamping device is analyzed. Some corresponding mechanics calculating formulas of output force are provided in this paper too. This device has a good effect of force amplifying and no contamination pollution; it is a green-oriented clamping device.


Virus‐like particles (VLPs) have increasingly attracted attention as DNA‐free and safe antigen carriers in tumor immunotherapy, requiring only minute amounts of antigens. Previously, we have immunized with murine polyomavirus (MPyV) VLPs carrying human Her2/neu and prevented the outgrowth of a human Her2/neu expressing tumor in a transplantable tumor model as well as outgrowth of spontaneous rat Her2/neu carcinomas in BALB‐neuT mice. Here, we examine if prophylactic and therapeutic protection could be obtained with murine pneumotropic virus (MPtV) VLPs, and study the cross‐reactivity between human and rat Her2/neu. VLPs from MPyV and MPtV carrying human or rat Her2/neu were tested in two transplantable tumor models against a human Her2/neu positive (D2F2/E2) and a rat Her2/neu positive tumor cell line (TUBO). Rat Her2/neu‐VLPs were also tested in BALB‐neuT mice. Her2/neu‐MPtVLPs were as efficient as prophylactic vaccines against D2F2/E2 and TUBO as those from MPyV. Homologous Her2/neu was better than heterologous, i.e. human Her2/neu‐VLPs were better than rat Her2/neu‐VLPs against D2F2/E2 and vice versa. Moreover, therapeutic immunization with human Her2/neu‐VLPs together with CpG given up to 6 days after challenge protected against D2F2/E2. In BALB‐neuT mice, rat Her2/neu‐VLPs were less efficient than human Her2/neu‐VLPs used in our previous study, implying that protection seen in that study was partly due to the use of human rather than rat Her2/neu. In conclusion, Her2/neu‐MPtVLPs are effective both as prophylactic and therapeutic tumor vaccines. Homologous Her2/neu‐VLPs are superior to heterologous in transplantable tumor models, while the opposite is true in BALB‐neuT mice. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In landing operation,the amount of the targets is numerous on the beachhead in future.Target order is very important matter to settle the landing operation in firepower attacking.The target order was settled by means of the improved AHP based on Moody diagram method.


Yorkshire-based charity United Bank of Carbon (UBoC) is helping businesses to offset their carbon emissions by offering a bank of carbon credits which ...


A methodology is presented to compute diffuse scattering arising from one-phonon excitations in a time-of-flight neutron single-crystal Laue diffraction experiment from density functional theory results. This methodology is illustrated using NaCl as an example.


How, in the final analysis, is one to comprehend today's China? This is a puzzling intellectual and moral question. On the one hand, when one looks at the Sun Zhigang incident, the corruption, the increases in laid-off workers, and at other such phenomena, one could say that social contradictions have become vary salient. If, on the other hand, one makes comparisons with other countries in the world, China's reforms have gained quite a number of successes. When I go to Russia for meetings, it is very hard to find a medium-grade restaurant in some big cities. All one sees are either handcarts selling cookies or other such snacks in the streets, or luxury five-star hotels. This would seem to indicate that although inequalities of income and large regional differences have emerged in the course of China's reforms, the beneficiaries of China's reforms are, on the whole, more numerous than in Russia. It is very difficult to make a complete judgment of China, and the observations people make from different angles all hold a certain amount of validity. Hegel once said that truth is the entirety, whereas our observations are often partial. How should one comb out the threads of many different views that may be one-sided but that do make a certain amount of sense? This requires putting together a new conceptual framework that unifies the overall situation, and resorting all the specific and partial observations. According to my personal reading, putting forward the concept of a "comparatively well-off society" was an exploration into, and a quest for, this new conceptual framework. The theory and practice of a "comparatively well-off society" require abundant spiritual resources, as well as critical reference to humankind's existing theoretical


The rapid development of distributed generation (DG) in distribution network challenges the traditional distribution network planning method. In this paper, a new distribution network planning method is proposed. The proposed model optimizes line capacities, DGs' locations and capacities, and considering network reconfiguration simultaneously. Then the model is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem so that it can be solved by existing commercial solver. To validate its effectiveness, the proposed joint planning of DG and distribution network model considering reconfiguration is tested on the IEEE 33-bus distribution network system.