CARLOS ENRICH* and W. HOWARD EVANSt * 1)epririimwio t k Hiologiti C 'cdiilrir y Aririrorriiti f'rimlo~ic~ri, Fuciil~ritl rle Mctlic~itiri, Uriirier:sitlurl dij Hurc~clorin, A 11. I)irigotitil s l t i , O ~ ~ O ~ ~ S H t i r c ~ c ~ l o r i r i , S$tii i t i r id t Lahornton of' I'rortJiri .Striicriire, Nririoiiiil Iri.stitiire j b r Mediciil Hesearch, ,l!iN Ifill, Lotitlori N W7 IAA, U. K . Receptors on animal cell surfaces regulate the uptake o f a large variety o f ligands. including peptide hormones. growth factors. adrenergic agonists and antagonists, metabolic carriers. e.g. transferrin. drugs a s well as toxins [ 11. Many viruses also enter cells by exploiting receptor-mediated endocytic pathways. I t is assumed that endocytic processes, involving membrane recycling, degradation. and additionally in epithelial cells. transcytosis. control the expression of cell surface receptors [ 21. T h e cndocytic compartment is crucially involved in the regulation o f intracellular membrane traffic. However. the possibility can be entertained that this complex organelle is implicated not only in 'inward sorting' o f ligands and receptors, but also in thc 'outward sorting' o f receptors and other membrane proteins in concert with other organelles involvcd in regulating membrane traffic, e.g. the trurisGolgi apparatus. In liver, receptors. t o which circulating asialoglycoproteins and lipoproteins bind, illustrate its central role in controlling blood metabolites. T h e asialoglycoprotein receptor controls the uptake and degradation of modified plasma glycoproteins. Since its discovery in the early 1970s, the asialoglycoprotcin receptor o r hepatic lectin has been extensively studied and it has become a paradigm for the study of receptor-mediated endocytosis by the liver iri viin in isolated and perfused livers. in primarily cultured hcpatocytes and more recently in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 [ 3-61. T h e asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatocytes has been found in two diffcrent major locations: at the cell surface (in the sinusoidal and lateral plasma membranes) and intracellularly. mainly in endocytic structures, and the Golgi apparatus [ 71. T h e intracellular pool o f receptors is substantially larger than the one found at the cell surface and this raises questions regarding the functional significance o f intracellular reservoirs o f receptors.


EARLIER reviews of mental development in this journal (39, 56, 121) focused primarily on the period of childhood and adolescence. Longitudinal studies are now beginning to yield information on age changes later in the life span of individuals first tested in childhood or adolescence. Therefore it seems appropriate to consider both types of studies in this review. Research workers continue to show an active interest in the consistency of test performance at different ages and in factors related to change in test performance. The effect of environmental variables on mental development constituted the subjectmatter of a review by Jones (65), in which over 300 of the major studies in the area were considered. Other topics which received attention recently include the role of emotional and motivational factors and the problem of the extent to which IQ changes represent true changes in relative standing or are attributable instead to test construction, test standardization, or other psychometric factors.


INTRODUCTION: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) most commonly presents in the elderly with symptoms such as gait dysfunction, urinary incontinence, altered mentation. In the current literature three categories of NPH are commonly considered: idiopathic (iNPH), secondary (sNPH), and neurodegenerative (nNPH). Due to variability in the causative pathology, NPH patients in each category may respond differently to ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement over the long term. METHODS: An IRB approved retrospective review was conducted on 63 patients with diagnosed iNPH, sNPH, or nNPH who underwent shunt placement (2016 - present). Each patient was closely followed by a single surgeon and specialized team at our adult hydrocephalus clinic from time of symptomatic presentation through diagnosis, shunt placement, and post-operative assessments. Assessment at all pre- and post-operative visits included gait assessment via timed 25' walk test (TW) and timed up-and-go (TUG) test. RESULTS: Long-term outcomes for the TW test, measured from baseline to most recent follow-up show that iNPH patients averaged an improvement of 4.83s (seconds), while sNPH and nNPH patients averaged improvements of 4.25s and 2.98s, respectively. Following the TUG test, the average improvement for iNPH patients was 4.37, with the improvement averages for sNPH and nNPH being 15.33s and 3.09s, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There is a noticeable difference in the objective gait measurements at post-shunting follow-up among patients diagnosed with the three major categories of NPH. We believe the root of this variability lies within the specific causative factors for the respective patients' NPH and may be particularly affected by the progressive degenerative nature of the nNPH category. Careful categorization of patients into each group may aid surgeons as they council their patients and set expectations for realistic post-operative courses.


1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl( DPPH) radical scavenging,[2,'-azino-bis( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulphonic acid]diamonium salt( ABTS) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power( FRAP) assay were used to evaluated the extracts of S. miltiorrhiza and different processed products with BHT as positive control. The results showed that the extracts from S. miltiorrhiza and different processed products had antioxidant activity. The ethyl acetate extract of S. miltiorrhiza carbon showed the strongest radical scavenging power on DPPH and the IC50 value was 13. 9 μg /mL; The ethyl acetate extracts of fried S. miltiorrhiza and wined S. miltiorrhiza and the n-BuOH extract of S. miltiorrhiza carbon exhibited the highest radical scavenging power on ABTS and the IC50 value was 2. 1 μg /mL,The ethyl acetate extract of rice fried S. miltiorrhiza had the biggest value of FRAP and IC50 was 1517. 81 μmol /g. And the different processing methods varied on the different antioxidant activity power of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge,however,the antioxidant activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza carbon was better.


Bursty bulk flow (BBF) events, frequently observed in the magnetotail, carry significant energy and mass from the tail region at distances that are often greater than 20 RE into the near‐Earth plasma sheet at ∼10 RE where the flow is slowed and/or diverted. This region at ∼10 RE is referred to as the BBF braking region. A number of possible channels are available for the transfer or dissipation of energy in BBF events including adiabatic heating of particles, the propagation of Alfvén waves out of the BBF braking region and into the auroral region, diverted flow out of the braking region, and energy dissipation within the braking region itself. This study investigates the generation of intense high‐frequency electric field activity observed within the braking region. When present, these intense electric fields have power above the ion cyclotron frequency and almost always contain nonlinear structures such as electron phase space holes and double layers, which are often associated with field‐aligned currents. A hypothesis in which the observed high‐frequency electric field activity is generated by field‐aligned currents resulting from turbulence in the BBF braking region is considered. Although linear Alfvén waves can generate field‐aligned currents, based on theoretical calculations, the required currents are likely not the result of linear waves. Observations from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms satellites support the picture of a turbulent plasma leading to the generation of nonlinear kinetic structures. This work provides a possible mechanism for energy dissipation in turbulent plasmas.


In this thesis we investigate isomorphisms between C*-ternary algebras by proving the Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of homomorphisms in C*-ternary algebras and of derivations on C*-ternary algebras for Cauchy-Jensen additive mapping.


We have examined the effect of sphingolipids on the chemotaxis of human natural killer (NK) cells. Messenger RNA for Edg‐1, Edg‐6 and Edg‐8 but not Edg‐3, are expressed in these cells. Sphingosine 1 phosphate (SPP), dihydro SPP (DHSPP) or the CC chemokine RANTES (CCL5), but not sphingosine induces the chemotaxis of these cells. Pertussis toxin inhibits the chemotaxis induced by these ligands. Permeabilization of NK cells with streptolysin O (SLO) and introduction of blocking antibodies to the heterotrimeric G proteins, showed that Gαi2, Gαs, Gαq/11 or Gα13 mediate the chemotaxis of SPP, whereas Gαi2, Gαo or Gαq/11 mediate the chemotaxis of DHSPP. Gαi2, Gαo, Gαs, Gαq/11, Gαz or Gα12 mediates RANTES‐induced NK cell chemotaxis. Further analysis showed that phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 inhibit NK cell chemotaxis induced by SPP, DHSPP or RANTES. Blocking antibody to PI3Kγ inhibits the chemotaxis induced by the three ligands, whereas anti‐PI3Kβ was without effect. In contrast, SPP and DHSPP recruit PI3Kβ isozyme into NK cell membranes, suggesting that although this isoform is not involved in chemotaxis, it is activated by these phospholipids.


Takes the design of wood - based panel furniture as example, states that the problems should be noticed in design of environmental protection and design criteria of panel furniture. This paper also about the choice of material, the design of frame, and the problems should be noticed in maintenance, repair, type exchange and sale.


The RISING project is a combination of the EUROBALL Ge cluster detectors, the MINIBALL Ge detectors, and HECTOR BaF2 detectors with the fragment separator for the in‐beam γ‐ray spectroscopy to investigate nuclei far from stability by using RI‐beams. Coulomb excitation experiments on neutron rich Cr isotopes and an experiment with two‐step fragmentation of 58Ni primary beams have been performed, and preliminary results of the experiments are discussed.


In a recent paper, [3], Harold T. Walsh has argued that (1) Whewell's commentators have in the past misunderstood his use of "necessary," that (2) Whewell's theory of necessary truth developed only gradually through thirty years of scholarly activity, finally finding a "mature" expression in Philosophy of Discovery, published in 1860, and that (3) a proper understanding of Whewell's "mature" theory of necessary truth leads to a fundamental re-interpretation of the nature of the Ideas and of their role in scientific systems-that the meaning of "necessity" as Whewell expresses it in Philosophy of Discovery leads, in short, to a new and more illuminating reading of his philosophy of inductive science. It is my view that the three propositions asserting Walsh's view are incorrect, expecially the two important and crucial ones (2) and (3). In what follows, I shall state what seem to me to be the grounds for rejecting Walsh's view that Whewell's theory of necessity was not arrived at before 1860, and hence for rejecting his interpretation of some basic aspects of Whewell's philosophy of science.' Walsh's contention (1), that many of Whewell's commentators have misunderstood his view of necessary truth, is true, but not for the reasons Walsh gives. Indeed, the only commentator to whom Walsh refers is C. J. Ducasse ([3], p. 139), who is taken to task for believing that Whewell evidently meant by "necessary" "absolutely necessary" ([1], pp. 233-4). He apparently fails to see that Ducasse intended this remark as a criticism of Whewell's view, arguing in effect that the only sense that can be made of Whewell's theory results from regarding "necessary" as meaning "absolutely necessary," and that this is not at all what "necessary" means. I think this criticism is trivial, and is mistaken. The mistake, however, is not based upon a misunderstanding by Ducasse of Whewell's characterization of necessary truth (Ducasse gives abundant evidence of having understood that), but rather upon a misunderstanding of Whewell's attempt to justify the necessity of those axioms that assert the meaning of Fundamental Ideas. There were commentators who misunderstood Whewell's characterization of the nature of necessary truth: Mill, Mansel (at least in the early stages of his extended debate with Whewell), Hamilton, Sir John Herschel (though he later came to see what Whewell was driving at), and G. H. Lewes. But Walsh mentions none of these, nor does he give any evidence of having understood that what he takes to be an evolution of Whewell's theory of necessity, was in fact a long-term attempt on Whewell's part both to defend against criticisms and to state more forcefully a view of necessity that he had first come upon in the 1830's or even earlier. Walsh's major exegetical point is based on the historical proposition that Whewell's theory of necessary truth underwent a gradual evolution from the time of the appearance of the Bridgewater Treatise [4], published in 1833 (though remaining unchanged even in the seventh and last edition of 1864), to the "final" statement of his philosophy


Membrane distillation is an emerging technology which has been used to produce freshwater and purify different types of aqueous mixtures. Qatar is an arid country where almost 100% of its freshwater demand is supplied through the energy-intensive thermal desalination process. The country's need for water has reached an all-time high which stipulates finding an alternative way to augment freshwater without adding any drastic affect to the environment. The objective of this paper was to investigate the potential of using the industrial low grade waste heat to produce freshwater using membrane distillation. The main part of this work was conducting a heat audit on selected Qatari chemical industries to estimate the amounts of freshwater produced if such industrial waste heat were to be recovered. By the end of this work, the main objective was met and the heat audit conducted on the Qatari chemical industries enabled us to estimate both the amounts of waste heat which can be potentially recovered in addition to the amounts of freshwater which can be produced if such waste heat were to be recovered. By the end, the heat audit showed that around 605 Mega Watts of waste heat can be recovered from the studied Qatari chemical industries which resulted in a total daily production of 5078.7 cubic meter of freshwater. This water can be used in a wide variety of applications such as human consumption or industry. The amount of produced freshwater may look small when compared to that produced through thermal desalination plants; however, one must bear in mind that this water comes from waste and can be used to supply water for small cities or remote areas which are not connected to the water grid. The idea of producing freshwater from the two widely-available wastes (thermal rejected brine and waste heat) seems promising as less environmental and economic impacts will be associated with freshwater production which may in the near future augment the conventional way of producing freshwater currently being thermal desalination. This work has shown that low grade waste heat in the chemical industries in Qatar and perhaps the rest of the world can contribute to additional production of freshwater using membrane distillation without significantly adding to the environmental impact. Keywords—Membrane distillation, desalination, heat recovery, environment.


Checklists have become incorporated into a myriad of clinical settings since the demonstration of decreased morbidity and mortality with their use in the operating room (NEJM JW Gen Med Mar 1 2009 and N Engl J Med 2009; 360:491). Many intensive care units (ICUs) have adopted checklists as part of daily interdisciplinary rounds as a means …


Mar-Eco is an international exploratory study of the macro- and megafauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic in the waters around the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) from Iceland to the Azores. Scientists from 16 nations around the northern Atlantic Ocean are participating. Research is focussed on the following questions: 1) Are the MAR communities extensions of the communities inhabiting the North Atlantic continental slope regions? 2) Is there a difference in species occurrence either side of the MAR? 3) Do circulation features, such as the Gulf Stream, act as barriers between the northern and southern fauna? 4) What is the effect of eastward drift and import of material from the west in the region of the Gulf Stream,? 5) What is the significance of individual seamounts within the ridge system? 6) Is the trophic structure of the northern mid-Atlantic ecosystem similar to that on the slope regions of the eastern and western sides of the Atlantic? 7) What is the life history strategy of key species, and how vulnerable are they to habitat disturbance and exploitation ? Organisms from surface waters to the ocean floor will be studied by a number of different technologies e.g acoustics, ADCP, nets, UVP's, ROV's and observations of birds and mammals in order to map the species composition and distribution patterns, to identify trophic interrelationships and modelling of foodweb patterns, and to analyse life history strategies.


Reprint requests: Dr. Perkins, University of Southern California, 734 West Adams Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007 Our field is haunted by a fallacy. We are predominantly a profession of practicing clinicians. That was not our origin. Beginning as scientists in search of understanding the nature of disordered speech, we were hardly out of infancy before our scientific pursuits were outdistanced by the pressing need to help the millions who were speech and hearing handicapped. Then we discovered language handicaps, and what had been a ground swell of need for clinical service became a tidal wave. As is typical in professional growth, specialization emerged. The world of the clinician became disjointed from the world of the scientist. We acknowledged the separation by requiring that clinical members meet standards of competence if they were to be certified practitioners, but these requirements were waived for scientists who studied the communicatively handicapped, yet did not dispense services to them. We formalized the separation with the Journal of Speech and Hearing Research (JSHR), in which scientists speak with scientists, and the Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders (JSHD) in which clinicians communicate with each other. For a time, the roles of these two journals were considered to be so different that, early in my editorship of JSHD, I was informed that the official mission of my journal was, to put it bluntly, "for clinicians to show and tell." Data were supposed to be reported in JSHR, not in JSHD. The assumption seemed to be that scientific matters should be reserved for scientists and clinical matters for clinicians. The fallacy in all of this, of course, is in the implication that science does not have much to do with clinical practice. One need not look too far to find good reasons why clinicians can be intimidated by what appear to be the requirements of science. From the outside looking in, excellence of the science performed can seem to be a function of the excellence of the trappings of science. What may be presumed to be the best laboratories have the appearance of being the best equipped and of using the most sophisti13


For stable semiconductor device manufacturing, the management of the smaller size of particles must be required since the latest device is getting highly integrated with pattern dimension shrinkage year by year.   Most of particles attached on the wafers will be generated under the processing at the process equipment.   To maintain the high-yield of the semiconductor devices, particle number/size of all process equipment should be monitored. And it will be important to determine the root cause of the particle generation and the measure as soon as possible if particle number over the control limit is detected.   On this article, the latest techniques about particle detection on the wafers, efficient observation/review, and particle element analysis are introduced.


'The sleep of reason begets monsters'. (Goya) The Great War was a contest no less of minds than of machines. This proved to be as true in the sciences as in literature and the arts. Across the scientific world blew a whirlwind of nationalism that threatened the traditions of science, revealing hidden tensions that cultural historians have yet fully to assess. Such was the impact of An die Kulturwelt! Ein Aufruf, or the Appeal to the World of Culture, better known today as the Manifesto of the Ninety-Three, which appeared in October 1914. In the history of modern science, few events are so widely recalled – and so often cited – as marking a tipping point beyond which Allied and American scientists saw no alternative to waging all-out war against the Central Powers. However, the scientific representation in the Manifesto has been largely neglected. This essay charts the background, reception, and consequences of the Manifesto for the wartime scientific community, and for the course of international science for decades to come.


The present investigation elicits a comparative study for recovering urea from human urea via adsorption onto three biosorbents: Microwave Activated Carbonized Bamboo Shoots (MACBS), Walnut Shells (MACWS) and Coconut Shells (MACCS). The rate of sorption was investigated under different process parameters including initial sorbate concentration, amount of sorbent, temperature and agitation speed, and further, sorption capacity of MACBS, MACWS and MACCS was compared. Batch results indicated that urea uptake capacity increased with an increase in sorbate concentration and a decrease in sorbent loading and temperature. The experimental data were tested against the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Flory–Huggins and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R) isotherms with the D-R model being a good fit for MACBS and MACCS and the Freundlich model for MACWS. Kinetic studies were performed to understand the order and rate of the sorption process. While pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits best for MACBS and MACWS, pseudo-first order was followed by MACCS. Based on the urea sorption capacity, the following order of suitability of precursors for activated carbon preparation was established: MACBS > MACCS > MACWS. This study illustrates the suitability of biomass-based precursors for activated carbon preparation and nutrient recovery from wastewater streams like human urine for subsequent use as fertilizers on agricultural land. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Introduction: Arthroscopic fixation of tibial spine fracture without damage to the growth plate is very important in patients with open physis. The present article describes a simple and effective technique being used for the first time to treat this condition. Case report: A 16-year-old boy sustained avulsion fractures of tibial spine while playing. He was treated arthroscopically with excellent result. Conclusion: Arthroscopic fixation of tibial spine fracture in patients with open physis with two cannulated screws perpendicular to each other is a very simple technique which provides strong construct, and allows early mobilization without risk of damage to the growth plate.


BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is involved in extracellular matrix degradation and remodeling. An increase in MMP-9 expression by vascular component cells plays an important role in atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic substance, was suggested to play a role in preventing the progress of atherosclerotic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol on MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) after treatment with H2O2. METHODS Cultured VSMCs were pre-treated with 0.2 mM of H2O2 before stimulation with different concentration of resveratrol. Expression of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-3 genes were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and MMP-9 protein level was detected using western blot analysis. RESULTS Resveratrol at 120 μmol/l concentration reduced the elevated level of MMP-9 induced by H2O2 in VSMCs as 1.85 ± 0.35 folds (P < 0.050) and 8.70 ± 1.20 folds (P < 0.050) after 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Resveratrol increased the diminished level of TIMP-1 induced by H2O2 as 2.5 ± 0.48 folds following the treatment with 120 μmol/l after 48 hours (P < 0.050). CONCLUSION Resveratrol as an antioxidant can decrease MMP-9 production, not only by suppressing MMP-9 expression, but also by augmenting TIMP-1 production. Altogether, resveratrol as an antioxidant can regulate the MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance, and may be considered as a preservative agent in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.


Hydrolysis by strong hydrochloric acid degrades the antibiotic Saramycetin (= X-5079 C), discovered by BERGERet al. [l], with production of different sulphur-free amino acids and of two types of sulphur containing compounds: (a) large amounts of cystine (23 mol. for a molecular weight of 14000 for saramycetin) originated from at least 46 cysteinogenetic groups which are shown to be probably thiazolidinic;(b) acids containing heterocyclic sulphur, for which the name of saramycetic acids is proposed and which do not yield cystine by hydrolysis.


Objective To array the small intestine so that the uncontrollable adhesions will turn to controllable adhesions in order to prevent the intestinal obstruction. Methods Literatures were reviewed. The advance of plication of small intestine has passed through three stages: 1st, sewing the intestine just like the array of harpsichord keys; then, using straight needle with coarse threads to make a 'U' suture for the mesentery of small intestine so the intestine was arrayed, and 3rd inserting a Millers-Abbott tube into the lumen of small intestine followed by manual arrangement of the intestine. Results Using the Millers-Abbott tube the intestine was fixed in a steady position and arrayed in a half moon circular shape to avoid sharp angle. As a result, the intra-luminal pressure of the intestinal was effectively decreased. Follow up 45 cases showed the cure rate of 91. 9%. Conclusion This operation has widely been accepted by the surgeons for its simplicity, high efficacy and reliability. It reduces the recurrence rate of adhesive obstruction.


ABSTRACT This study develops a methodology for a copula-based weather index insurance design. Because the copula approach is better suited for modeling tail dependence than the standard linear correlation approach, its use may increase the effectiveness of weather insurance contracts designed to provide protection against extreme weather events. In our study, we employ three selected Archimedean copulas to capture the left-tail dependence in the joint distribution of the farm yield and a specific weather index. A hierarchical Bayesian model is applied to obtain consistent estimates of tail dependence using relatively short time series. Our empirical results for 47 large grain-producing farms from Kazakhstan indicate that, given the choice of an appropriate weather index to signal catastrophic events, such as a severe drought, copula-based weather insurance contracts may provide significantly higher risk reductions than regression-based indemnification schemes.


The present experiment was designed to evaluate the anti-haemonchosis activities of the aqueous-methanolic extracts rhizome of Curcuma (C) longa (P1), fruit of Citrullus (Ct) colocynthis (P2) and seed of Peganum (P)harmala (P3). The formulations consisting of a combination of three plants exhibited highest anthelmintic activity in a dose dependent manner and all the worms were found dead 4 hr post-exposure at the dose rate of 100 mg/ml. Mortality of worms was comparable to that levamisole at 1.50 mg/ml after 2 hours post-exposure. There was no mortality of worms in PBS till 12 hours. In vivo, efficacy of the study plants were determined using faecal eggs count reduction test in sheep naturally infected with mixed species of nematodes. The maximum reduction (98.7%) in EPG of faeces was recorded on day 18 post-treatment in sheep treated with th combination of three plants at the dose rate of 4 gm/kg body weight. The reduction in EPG (99.4%) with levamisole was comparable to that with herbal extract at the dose rate of 4 gm/kg body weight as mentioned. Therefore, HT seems to be promising as an anthelmintic for animals. Large scale trials on efficacy and safety however, are recommended before the HT studies are considered for commercialization.


Aim To investigate clinical features of patients with acute bacillary dysentery in Huaibei,Anhui.Methods Clinical data of patients with acute bacillary dysentery were investigated and analyzed,retrospectively.Results The sex preference was almost the same and the average age was(21.2 ± 22.4) years old.Patients under 10 and from 21 to 40 years old were 63% of the total.50% of patients developed such disease in June and July.Conclusion The youth and children were more susceptible to acute bacillary dysentery,especially in June and July,and the sex preference was not diffferent.


Research aim: This study explores the relationship between customer fairness and trust building and the performance of bank branches. Design/Methodology/Approach: Methodologically, this relationship is first explored with no mediating variable using bivariate correlation analysis as a precursor to a more sophisticated path analysis where this relationship is hypothesized to be mediated by control systems. The data for these analyses are subjective assessments elicited from a survey of branch managers working in two different Islamic banks in Malaysia. Research Findings: Overall, the results suggest that customer trust building is an important determinant of performance relative to expectations, both directly and indirectly through the use of control systems. However, there is less support for a significant association between customer fairness building and performance. Theoretical contribution/Originality: Given the impressive growth in the size and popularity of Islamic banking around the world, it is an increasingly pertinent domain for academic research. This study has sought to contribute to this literature from the perspective of organizational dynamics and organizational performance as perceived by branch managers. It also contributes to Simons' levers of control framework by operationalizing its belief system lever using values (i.e., trust and fairness building). Practitioner/Policy implication: Bank management both at corporate and business (operating) levels may benefit from the findings in implementing strategy and developing value-based competitive advantage in a form of trust and fairness. Limitation/Implication: The lack of support for customer building results may provide opportunity for further research into this. It would have been interesting to elicit views from a wider range of bank personnel (i.e., regular employees as well as branch managers). Whilst on the other hand it may have been beneficial to utilize more objective measurements, particularly with respect to performance.


For nonlinear systems described by Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) model, a T-S observer is proposed to estimate both system state, sensor and actuator faults. The method uses the technique of descriptor systems by considering sensor and actuator faults as auxiliary state variables. This method has the advantage to estimate the state variables and the sensor and actuator faults simultaneously. The observer gains are then determined based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI) technique. A numerical example is proposed to demonstrate the efficiency of the given design.


PurposeThis paper aims to propose a two-period model in which an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) decides the remanufacturability level of products in product design and unit patent licensing fee at the first period, and a third-party remanufacturer (3PR) that has been licensed by the OEM enters the remanufacturing market to compete with the OEM at the second period.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes the OEM's optimal decisions of remanufacturability level in the product design and unit patent licensing fee at the first period, as well as the OEM's and the 3PR's optimal decisions of selling prices at the second period, under two scenarios that the remanufacturing is constrained or unconstrained by the collected quantity available at the end of the first period, by making use of game theory.FindingsThe study finds that the OEM will choose high remanufacturability in product design only when the unit cost saving of remanufacturing or unit production cost of new products exceed certain thresholds.Originality/valueThe study is the first attempt to simultaneously integrate product design and patent licensing in remanufacturing. It provides useful insights for OEM managers who face competition from 3PRs and may use their product design strategies to deter 3PRs and may protect patent of products by levying patent licensing fees from 3PRs.


The beginning teachers represent the most vulnerable group of the teaching population in the Czech Republic. This text aims to compare Czech strategic documents covering teacher's induction with the German ones. In contrast to the Czech Republic, Germany has a functional and established system of support for beginning teachers during their induction period. This comparison considers the institutional and legislative framework from the perspective of the existing (German) and draft (Czech) documents. The efforts in the Czech Republic emphasise the importance of a "comprehensive system of professional support from a genuine functional induction" (Strategie 2030+). As an example of German ones, the text examines the strategic and legislative frameworkof Referendariat in Bavaria. The text assesses the documents in the following key areas: forms of support, the status and role of the "key stakeholders" (teachers, mentors, responsible persons etc.), the activities and interaction between the key stakeholders.


Substantial construct overlap exists between indicators of frailty and symptoms of some psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to gain consensus of expert academic opinion on the potential impact of psychiatric illness on frailty assessment and how best to conceptualise and measure frailty indicators in the context of psychiatric symptoms.


Abstract Silicomanganese (SiMn) is widely used in Egypt as a complex reducer and alloying addition in the production of various grades of steel due to its economic and metallurgical advantages. This work investigated the possibility of using local Egyptian manganese ores mixed with ferromanganese slag to produce SiMn alloy in a submerged arc furnace at a relatively low temperature. This paper discusses the optimal choice of raw materials mix and optimum conditions controlling the production process, such as smelting time, basicity, coke ratio, Mn/Fe and Mn/Si ratios of the blend to obtain standard SiMn. At the optimum conditions, a standard SiMn alloy containing 65·9–69·0%Mn, 15·6–17·6%Si, 1·8–2·35%C, 0·1–0·2%P and 0·015–0·025%S has been successfully produced.


To the Editor: Postoperative external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) paradigms for meningioma are controversial. Early results from prospective, nonrandomized trials have provided context and evidence for this approach, but optimal meningioma EBRT margins remains unknown. RTOG 0539, a trial stratifying intermediate-risk patients treated with gross total resection of newly diagnosed World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 meningiomas or recurrent WHO grade 1 meningiomas to adjuvant EBRT, found progression free survival of 93.8% at 3 yr with 1-cm gross tumor volume (GTV) to clinical target volume (CTV) EBRT expansions.1 High-risk patients with recurrent or sub-totally resected WHO grade 2 meningiomas, or any resection of WHO grade 3 meningiomas, were treated with adjuvant EBRT on RTOG 0539 using a 1 to 2 cm GTV to CTV expansions and had 3-yr progression free survival of 58.8%.2 While providing a much-needed prospective benchmark for meningioma EBRT, RTOG 0539 did not examine meningioma EBRT margins. Indeed, recommended GTV to CTV expansions were isotropic, encompassing adjacent brain and bone even in the absence of meningioma invasion (although it was permissible to reduce the CTV margin to account for natural anatomic barriers). In an effort to minimize EBRT toxicity, our longstanding institutional practice for meningioma EBRT has been to use 0-cm CTV margins into brain or bone in the absence of meningioma invasion. Instead, anisotropic 1.5 to 2 cm CTV margins are used along the dura, and a minimal 0.3 to 0.5 cm CTV margin is added into the brain for meningiomas with histologic or intraoperative evidence of brain invasion. This approach is supported by a prior meningioma patterns of recurrence study demonstrating a predominance of in-field recurrences (83%) even when reduced isotropic CTV margins of 5 mm were used, but this prior study was limited by short median follow-up (26 mo) and a small number of recurrences that were available for imaging review (n = 6).3 To shed light on optimal meningioma EBRT margins, we analyzed surveillance magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in 51 consecutive patients with intermediateor highrick meningiomas according to RTOG 0539 criteria treated with surgery and EBRT from 1991 to 2015 at our institution (Table). All patients included in this Institutional Review Board-approved study signed a waiver of consent for analysis and inclusion of de-identified clinical data in research (1824633). The diagnostic material from each case was classified according to current diagnostic criteria by a board-certified neuropathologist.4 Contrast-enhanced MRIs were recommended every 3 to 6 mo after adjuvant radiotherapy, surveillance imaging TABLE. Patient, Tumor, and Treatment Characteristics


Complete transposition of the great vessels and patent foramen ovale, with closed ductus arteriosus and intact interventricular septum, is one of the rarer causes of cyanosis in early infancy. According to Halpert and Cushing, 1 including the case reported by them, only 14 instances of this malformation have been recorded in the literature. An additional case is described in this report, with a discussion of the diagnostic use of angiocardiography, which was carried out when the baby was 42 days of age. REPORT OF A CASE Baby L. R., a white Jewish boy, second in position in the family, was born about two weeks prior to term, weighing 2,807 Gm., on Jan. 30, 1947 at the Doctor's Hospital, New York. At birth the baby breathed satisfactorily and had a vigorous cry. On his arrival in the nursery, cyanosis developed. Oxygen was given, with some relief of symptoms. Examination five hours


Aimed at the corrosion problem of DH36 steel in the seawater full immersion zone, corrosion environment of full immersion zone has been simulated with artificial seawater in laboratory. The corrosion behaviors of DH36 steel in the full immersion zone were investigated by using full immersion tests. The morphology of corrosion products was observed by SEM. Using linear regression analysis to establish the relationship between temperature and the corrosion of DH36 steel. The results showed that the corrosion of DH36 steel immersed in full immersion zone corroded seriously, and the corrosion rate of DH36 steel increased with temperature increasing.


P layer in G oilfield is a structural-lithologic reservoir controlled chiefly by lithology with many oil-water layers.Because the oil-water area is characterized by similar physical and electrical property with oil layer,the conventional method to calculate original oil saturation by resistivity and porosity is not fit for the oil-water layer in the G oilfield.Based on the logging theory,established is original oil saturation model in oil layer by sealing core data.And through relative permeability analysis technology,revised are the oil saturation calculation models in the oil layer.The original oil saturation is calculated correctly in the oil-water layer.Provided is a new method to determine original oil saturation in complex oil-water layer.


Iron tower in Kaifeng is an important ancient building,security of which is cared by experts.According to design features of the iron tower in Kaifeng,the seismic mechanism and dynamical characteristics of ancient masonry tower are discussed.Calculating model of the iron tower is created by modern earthquake theory and FEM.Based on the tower model,the acceleration,velocity and displacement of key parts and the shear and moment at the base are obtained to analyze earthquake-resistance capacity of the iron tower.Research results could provide seismic strengthening reference of The Iron-Tower.


Metabolic syndrome characterized by central obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension, and atherogenic dyslipidemia is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is estimated that approximately 20% to 25% of the world's adult population have the metabolic syndrome and they are two times as likely to die from and three times as likely to have CVD compared with those without the syndrome. Insulin resistance and central obesity are considered to be the underlying causes of the metabolic syndrome [1].


This essay discusses postcolonial space both above and below the water line with a focus on Durban harbour. The essay begins underwater and examines how shipping and harbour engineering created new habitats in the port. The focus then moves onto land and considers two spaces: the Custom House and the space created by the mainly Zulu-speaking dockworkers in the port. These two locations illustrate the multi-scalar and multi-temporal nature of port city space, both above and below the waterline. The essay concludes by going underwater to consider how the beliefs and practices of those in the port city spilled over into the ocean, filling it with both physical detritus and metaphysical entities.


Rotary clocking is a traveling wave based high-speed resonant clocking technology with low-power and controllable-skew properties. Capacitive load balance and bounded clock skew are identified as the primary requirements to maintain a stable oscillation frequency across the rings and to achieve timing closure, respectively, in the rotary oscillatory array (ROA). Towards this end, two methodologies are proposed to achieve balanced capacitive loads across the rings of the ROA with a bounded skew constraint. Experiments performed on IBM R1–R5 benchmark circuits show a 5.62X improved capacitive balance and a 3.67% improved clock skew to a total skew of 6.55% of the clock period at 1.8GHz. SPICE simulations show that the frequency variation across the rings of the ROA is reduced from 10.14% to 2.12% as well. Power dissipated with the proposed optimization methodologies are within ±1.5% of the conventional design automation techniques for rotary synchronization.


In the framework of a Chiral effective theory with dibaryon fields, we calculate the pion mass dependence of the inverse scattering length of the nucleon-nucleon system in the 3 S1 channel at order (m 3 /� 2 ) × (m 1/2


In 1963, Laurel and Erickson reported their discovery of severe ┙1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency and its association with emphysema (Laurell & Erickson, 1963). Soon after, Gross and coworkers reported that emphysema was induced in rats by the intratracheal instillation of a proteolytic enzyme (Gross et al.,1965). These findings led to the proteolytic hypothesis of emphysema (Janoff, 1985) which considers that emphysema develops as a result of the smoking-induced release of proteolytic enzymes from the increased number of neutrophils and macrophages in the lung. Proteolysis of lung connective tissue (more specifically elastin) occurs because the released proteases may not be fully inhibited by antiproteases, resulting in emphysema. However, although proteolysis may have a significant pathogenic role particularly in AAT deficiency, other pathogenic mechanism, such as oxidants either from inhaled smoke or from inflammatory cells, inflammation, T lymphocyte cell mediated immunity, and apoptosis have a significant pathogenic role (MacNee, a2005).


A fter the greater part of the Italian peninsula had, in the end of the i6th and early 17th centuries, Ifallen under direct or indirect Spanish rule and the post-Tridentine claims of the papacy to much greater control of secular affairs were exerting an ever-growing influence, the maritime Republic of the north stood aloof, maintaining in dignified and aristocratic reserve the traditions of its ancient constitution. It was not only the wealth of Venice, its sea power, its strong foreign alliances, which enabled the Republic to make this stand. A people accustomed through many centuries to an independent life under its own venerated and venerable laws finds it difficult to realize that it is in danger; and this deeply rooted self-confidence adds to its strength. The Venetians were once such a people, and behind the bulwark of their constitution they lived comparatively secure. The Venetian constitution, and the uncorrupt administration of justice in the Republic, inspired an almost religious respect in other Italians and in the world at large. Traiano Boccalini, in his Ragguagli di Parnaso, brings in many men of letters who praise the "Venetian Liberty," and he puts into the mouth of Benedetto Varchi a speech attributing the long life of the Venetian Republic to the sense of justice and the public spirit always displayed by her aristocratic families. With this he sadly compares the disappearance of Florentine liberty. "My Republick of Florence, which never had the luck to work peace and union between her Noble Families, and that mutual love which doth perpetuate the libertie of Commonwealths, was at last compelled to fall into servitude." 1 The courage and firmness of the "Venetian Liberty" was put to a severe test in I6o6 when Pope Paul V placed Venice under an Interdict. Relations between the Republic and the Papacy had been strained for some time over questions of ecclesiastical jurisdiction; the Pope had demanded that some priests who had committed misdemeanours should be given up to him and that certain laws concerning the erection of churches and the alienation of property in mortmain should be revoked. The Doge and Senate refused to give way and ban and interdict were pronounced against them and their subjects. Both were ignored by the government, the people, and the clergy. The rites continued to be performed as usual in churches and monasteries and Venice went about her ordinary business as though nothing unusual were happening. The Jesuits, who refused to obey the government's command to ignore the Interdict, were expelled. Powerful friends of Venice abroad watched the situation with sympathy and through the mediation of Henri IV of France a reconciliation was brought about. The French Cardinal de Joyeuse went to Venice as the Pope's emissary to lift the Interdict, but as the proud Venetians did not acknowledge its existence and did not sue for absolution, it was said that the Cardinal made the sign of the cross secretly, under his hood or his beretta. The Pope, in fact, withdrew, for the laws objected to were not annulled, and, moreover, the Jesuits were not readmitted. At the high tide of the Catholic Reaction, the spiritual arm had failed against Venice.2 The peculiar interest of the episode lay in the fact that this successful defiance of the Papacy was made by a Catholic state. Venice had remained faithful to the Church throughout the Reformation period; she knew herself to be a most ancient Christian and Catholic community, secure under the protection of St. Mark the Evangelist (P1. 34a).3 Her resistance to the Pope was not made on doctrinal but on purely juridical grounds, and she showed that it was possible to resent exorbitant papal demands without becoming a heretic. She represented an older form of Catholicism, as opposed to the new conception of papal prerogatives which had become current since the Council


A practical procedure for production of amines is offered by the ruthenium-catalyzed reduction of carboxamides with polymethylhydrosiloxane, in which encapsulation of the catalyst species into the formed insoluble siloxane resins contributes to the separation of both metallic and siloxane residues from the product.


We present the PolEMICA [Aumont & Macias-Perez 2007] (Polarized Expectation-Maximization Independent Component Analysis) algorithm which is an extension to polarization of the SMICA [Delabrouille et al. 2003] temperature component separation method. This algorithm allows us to estimate blindly in harmonic space multiple physical components from multi-detectors polarized sky maps. Assuming a linear noisy mixture of components we are able to reconstruct jointly the electromagnetic spectra of the components for each mode T, E and B, as well as the temperature and polarization spatial power spectra, TT, EE, BB, TE, TB and EB for each of the physical components and for the noise on each of the detectors. This has been tested using full sky simulations of the Planck satellite polarized channels for a 14-months nominal mission assuming a simple linear sky model including CMB, and optionally Galactic synchrotron and dust emissions.


First a comment about definitional diversity: The way in which Boyer uses the word "discovery" is not the way that academics in the field of education employ the term. Following Jerome Bruner, discovery—in the education literature—is a learning approach that emphasizes active student learning as the optimal way to inspire conceptual development and the ability to solve problems. Discovery in this context is to a considerable extent controlled by teachers, who decide which questions are asked, which methods are followed and often where the problem-solving investigations end up—so that students "discover" whatever it is that teachers want them to discover. An alternative learning approach referred to as "inquiry" is more generative—and more akin to what Boyer calls discovery—although it does not necessarily focus on original research and is more relevant in some academic disciplines than in others. Inquiry emerges from the motivations and curiosity of students as well as teachers—following John Dewey's notion of "reflective inquiry" and Paulo Freire's "problem-posing"—and may lead toward the construction of new understandings. Using these definitions, one might refer to original research as the "scholarship of inquiry." Nonetheless, for the purpose of discussing scholarship in general using Boyer's "discovery" definition has become widely accepted.


Field report for the winter of 1977-1978 submitted by Joseph P. Schaufenbuel, February 11, 1978. This item was used as supporting documentation for the Iowa Ornithologists Union Quarterly field report of winter, 1977-1978.


Although peace psychology has deep roots in philosophy, peace psychology did not take shape as a coherent area of interest until the second half of the twentieth century. Since then, the growth has been remarkable. In Peace Psychology: A Comprehensive Introduction, Blumberg (2007) examined trends in citations to peace psychology using the PsycINFO database and found a large, significant increase in citations between the 1970s and 1980s, and again after the 1990s. These increases were in absolute terms as well as in proportion to the growing number of records. In the current article, some definitions of peace psychology that attempt to delineate the scope of this emerging field are offered. Then, peace psychology is situated in various geohistorical contexts around the world, and finally, some contributions of peace psychology to peace will be discussed.

Keywords:

force;
oppression;
social justice;
legitimizing myths;
group dominance;
violence


E-learning is an innovative approach for delivering electronically mediated, well-designed, learner-centred interactive learning environments by utilizing internet and digital technologies with respect to instructional design principles. This paper presents the application of Software Development techniques in the development of a Mobile Based E-learning system that facilitates learning in a University environment. The developed application presents a system where a student after registration, has access to various functions that can improve the process of learning. Web pages were developed to serve as the user interface to the MLS and provide all the services needed for an E-learning portal including assessment and provision of feedback to learners. A portal exists for lecturers to upload learning contents and students' examination results. The online portal uses Apache HTTP server as its web server, MySQL for relational database management and PHP as the scripting language to serve as a communication gateway between the back end and the users. The system was tested and evaluated with satisfactory results. This work, if adopted in schools to aid conventional learning, is expected to immensely improve the learning process and performance of students.


The methods for synthesis of phenylacetic acid is introduced and discussed respectively.The drawbacks in the present phenylacetic acid production industry is pointed out.The carbonylation method for phenylacetic acid syhthesis has great advantage over the others and its application to the industry will change the backward situation.


Along with the increasingly serious environmental issues, besides economic efficiency, much attention is paid to the environmental aspects in the daily dispatch of active distribution networks (ADN). This paper presents a comprehensive optimal model to minimize the economic cost and environmental cost. The damage cost from gas emissions and the uncertainty of renewable generations are taken into consideration. The charging and discharging strategy of energy storage systems (ESS) is a focus of the model. The general algebraic modeling system (GAMS) is used to solve this mixed-integer nonlinear problem. A modified 33-bus distribution network including photovoltaic (PV) systems and ESSs is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results under different scenarios, with and without PVs/ESSs, show that utilization of charging/discharging strategy of ESSs can decrease the economic cost through peak load shifting. Moreover, increasing the penetration of renewable generations leads to the decrease of total cost.


The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) exhibits a complex pattern of expression that shows temporal and spatial regulation, although the control mechanisms are not fully known. We have mapped DNase-Ihypersensitive sites (DHSs) flanking the CFTR gene with the aim of identifying potential regulatory elements. We previously characterized DHSs at ®79.5 and ®20.9 kb with respect to the CFTR translational start site and a regulatory element in the first intron of the gene at 18510 kb. We have now mapped five DHSs lying 3« to the CFTR gene at 45745.4, 6.8, 7.0, 7.4 and 15.6 kb that show some degree of tissue specificity. The


The motion of an exciton in a translationally invariant exciton-phonon system is considered within the frame of the generalized Fulton-Gouterman (FG) transformation, which diagonalizes the coupled exciton-phonon Hamiltonian in the excitonic subspace and yields a set of exact equations for the purely oscillatory FG wave functions. An exact expression for the second moment of the local excitonic occupation numbers is presented in terms of the FG wave functions, for which two different sets of displaced phonon states are discussed. A numerical computation of the second moment characterizes the exciton motion as a coherent process. This result is also found in an improved calculation which is based on the application of the Goldberger-Adams relation. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.


Present study aimed to explore the effects of proximate determinants on slow paced fertility transition in Pakistan from 1990 to 2013. Regional fertility disparities among Provinces, using three data sets of Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (1990-91, 2006-07 and 2012-13) have been analysed. Bongaarts (1978) model is used to estimate the effects of marriage, contraception, induced abortion; postpartum infecundability and primary sterility on fertility transitions. The findings exhibit that postpartum infecundability is the strongest and powerful inhibitory factor of fertility followed by marriage pattern. Contraception and induced abortion remained less contributing factors in controlling Total Fertility Rate in early 1990s but afterwards, increased involvement are being observed steadily; while primary sterility stayed behind the least contributing factor in declining fertility. In conclusion, this study suggests that in prevailing traditional, socio-cultural and orthodoxy society; open consultation regarding reproductive health and contraceptive practice should be encouraged through mass media campaign. Moreover; couples should also be encouraged for sterilization after achieving desired family size for controlling the mammoth population in Pakistan.


Newly developed, highly useful random access features have been incorporated into a recently introduced VHS Format video cassette recorder. Two types of random access are provided. One is for locating the start of a desired program ("Index"), while the other is capable of locating specific points throughout the length of the tape ("Address").


Geometric optimization, vibrational spectra and GIAO (gauge including atomic orbital) C NMR, H NMR chemical shift calculations were carried out by using Hartree-Fock (HF) method and density functional method (B3LYP) with the 6-31G(d) basis set. These methods are proposed as a tool to be applied in the structural characterization of adipic acid, thus providing useful support in the interpretation of experimental NMR data and IR data. Parameters were related to the linear correlation plot of computed data versus experimental C NMR, H NMR chemical shifts values and IR data.


The introduction of a continuous timetable in primary schools in combination with a later time of opening of these schools in the morning can result in a reduction of 130 severely injured children per year in the Netherlands. There is little recent quantitative information on the traffic mobility of children in the age range of 0 -12 years and research should be carried out on such questions as how children travel to school, how many kilometers they have to travel, whether they are given guidance when playing outside etc. Changes in time-tables in secondary schools can also have a positive effect on the traffic safety of children.


There is growing evidence that the climate change will have significant impact on permafrost, leading to warming, thawing, and disappearance of the frozen ground. Arctic soils contain 14%-30% of all the carbon stored in soils worldwide, many of which is accumulated in the Arctic wetlands (Anisimov & Reneva 2006). Wetlands occupy almost 2 million km in the circumpolar region, contain about 50 Gt C, and because of the high groundwater levels favour the production of methane in the anaerobic carbon-rich soil layer (Anisimov et al 2005). Methane has 21-times stronger greenhouse effect than the equal amount of CO2, and there are growing concerns that enhanced CH4 emission may have significant effect on the global radiative forcing. The goal of our study was to estimate the potential increase in the methane emission from Russian frozen wetlands under the projected for the mid-21 century climatic conditions and to evaluate the effect it may have on global radiative forcing.


Dear Sir, This waits upon you to inform you of the degree of cold we have lately experienced. After as mild a winter as has been known here for many years, the frost has been intense. Until the latter end of December, many of the tender annual exotic plants continued alive; such as the African Marygold, Nasturtium Indicum, and others of this class.


and pathological findings in 11-20% of 500 hospital cases; and Jamnes, Patton, and Heslin (1955) found 71% of original certificates agreeing with necropsy reports in a survey of 1,889 necropsies, but with wide variation within the groups of different diseases, ranging from 21% agreement in the group of arteriosclerotic heart disease to 93% agreement in the group covering tuberculosis. Pohlen and Emerson (1942, 1943) found consistency in diagnosis in 96% of tumours of the heart, compared with 26% in liver tumours, 99% in measles, and 52% in heart disease. In the above 'articles, all of which come from public health departments, there is a tendency to state that errors in registration occur between the few larger groups of causes of death, and that the errors in one direction tend to cancel the others out, making the overall statistics relatively accurate. This seems to be an unfortunate argument, as it would appear to give the published figures false accuracythe type of accuracy obtained by drawing random diagnoses out of a hat-and minimize the danger of arguing from any of the registrar's statistics. In assessing the accuracy of certification, any comparison made must be between the cause of death as originally certified and the cause of death after survey of all information obtained by clinical and necropsy examination. Inaccuracies in certification arise in two ways: first; a failure to record accurately the knowledge available at the time of death-that is, negligent certification; and, secondly, the inadequacy of the knowledge available at the time of certification. In a teaching hospital, where every child, particularly an ill child, is under constant discussion, it is unlikely that faulty certification is due to the absence of available knowledge of diseases; on the other hand, certificates are often filled in by junior housemen who have not acquired the art of avoiding terminology that may lead to inquiries by the coroner. The tendency in both of these instances would be towards a more accurate registration if not conventional. We would thus expect the registration in the present survey to be at least as accurate as is likely to occur in the general field of child deaths.


There has been for the last several years an intermittent dialogue going on between people in optics and those in acoustics. It has centered largely on the possible use of optical technology in underwater sound systems as part of the signal processing and display equipment. In its earlier stages it had to do with making Fourier transforms or doing matched filtering and more recently has contained heavy emphasis on analogies to conventional optical holography. In general this has been a one -way transfer. At least I am not aware of any significant input from acoustics into optical system design except for participation of underwater acousticians in deep sea photography or related instrumentation work. The one -way nature of the transfer has, in fact, often turned the dialogue into a monologue with the photoinstrument engineers doing all the talking. Since interchange of concepts and mixing of technologies is usually desirable it is a pleasure to have this opportunity to deliver a short monologue from underwater acoustics to an optics audience. One might think that workers in these two fields would have little difficulty in communicating. They have much in common. The concern with solutions of the wave equation and the fact that the ray approximation is valid often enough to be very useful in both fields lends a superficial air of similarity. As a matter of fact, however, many discussions include an initial period of confusion during which it usually becomes apparent that the parties are using different languages and, more important, that their intuitive reactions, conditioned by quite different experiences, lead them to misinterpret what the other party is trying to say or to discard it immediately as being irrelevant. My hope, then, is to help some of you to understand what is going on in underwater sound systems today so that you will be able to corn municate more effectively with my colleagues. I


A total of 139 patients were histopathologically diagnosed to have bladder cancer during the two year period. Baldder tumour is a predominantly disease of the aged. In our study only 16 out of 145 (11%) were below the age of 50 years. It was commonest in the seventh decade. The sex ratio (M: F, 9:1) was much higher than the figures quoted in the literature (M: F, 3:1) (1). The almost exclusive prevalence of tobacco smoking among Sri Lankan men, which is a major known cause of bladder tumour could be the explanation (1).


Physical education, like most areas of education, is changing and taking on a new look for the 1980s. Physical educators, school administrators, and others making decisions about programs for children and young people are examining both current practices and forecasts for the future in this field. What they decide will profoundly affect the resources that should be a part of library collections for children and youth. Too often librarians and school media specialists have found it difficult to think about the kinds of materials appropriate for such collections because they do not have the knowledge necessary for sound selection. A major reason for this difficulty is that the area of physical education is usually separated from other subject areas in schools. Along with the industrial arts, domestic science, and the fine arts, physical education is categorized as a performative subject area. Classified as such, it is usually not thought of as something you ask young people to think about, talk about, or even read about; but rather, something you ask them to "do." Yet, upon closer examination, there exists a small wealth of library materials for children.


Pollard, A., & James, M. (Eds.). (2004). Personalised Learning: A commentary by the Teaching and Learning Research Programme. London, UK: Economic and Social Research Council. Rocard, M., Csermely, P., Jorde, D., Lenzen, D., Walberg-Henrikson, H., & Hemmo, V. (2007). Science education now: A renewed pedagogy for the future of Europe. Brussels: European Commission: Directorate-General for Research; 2007. Slaper, T. F., & Hall, T. J. (2011). "The Triple Bottom Line: What Is It and How Does It Work?" Indiana Business Review, 86(1), 4–8.


The present invention describes a method of preparing such a configuration and a touch sensor layer configured. More specifically, describes the use of a patterned conductive layer may be applied to the sacrificial release liner, the stack is removed from the touch sensor of the touch sensor configuration or a plurality of glass and / or a film substrate and a method for constructing such a preparation.


Background: Glutamate is the predominant excitatory neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system and has known to be involved in nociceptive transmission and central sensitization. It acts through ligand gated ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) and G protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). And mGlu 1, 5 receptors have been recognized to play a role in nociceptive processing. We want to investigate whether central mGluR1 and mGluR5 antagonists could reverse the behavioral signs of weight bearing and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia induced by chronic knee joint inflammation. Methods: MGluR1 antagonist, (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (A IDA: 25, 50, 100μM/10μ l, n = 7 per group) and selective mGluR5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP: 25, 100, 200 nM/10μ l, n = 7 per group) were injected intrathecally 5 days after Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA, 150μl) injection into knee joint and behavior signs of weight bearing and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia were observed. Results: CFA significantly reduced the magnitude of right hind paw weight bearing and decreased the withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation compared to contralateral side. Higher dose of AIDA (100μM) significantly reversed the reduction of weight bearing, but MPEP did not. AIDA reversed the decrease of the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation at the dosage of 50 and 100μM respectively. MPEP significantly increased the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimulation in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: Group I mGluRs were involved in maintenance of primary and secondary mechanical hyperalgesia. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2007; 53: 504∼12)


BACKGROUND Bibliometrics is the use of statistical methods for analysing books, articles, and other publications. It is useful to analyse the research impact, assess the quality of research using quantitative and qualitative measures, describe patterns of publication, determine the influence of writers, describe the relationship between different writers or researches. This study was conducted to evalute the number and trends of materials affiliated to Health Sciences University published in Web of Science indexed journals. This was a retrospective observational study. The Web of Science database was accessed through institutional Login and all published materials affiliated to Health Sciences University were searched. The file of all searched materials was exported in BibTex format, which was fed to R-Studio Application after installing the Bibliometrics package. Imported data was downloaded and bibliographic data frame was created. Basic information of publications was recorded including the number of citations, citation density, journals, publication year, authors, institution and country of origin. Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. the year 2019 followed by 51 in 2017 and 49 in 2018. The Annual Percentage Growth Rate of Scientific Productions was 26.8. The publications showed total 2170 authors of which 09 were authors of 'single-authored documents' and 2163 were authors of 'multi-authored documents'. The Collaboration Index of all published materials was 12.5. This analysis reflects on the historical perspectives of Health Sciences University publications and its progress in Web of Science indexed Scientific Medical Literature database.


Background: More than 80% of HCV-infected individuals develop chronic disease, which can progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. T cell-mediated protection against HCV depends on constantly activated effector CD8 + T cells that control emergence, spread and expansion of the virus. Why these cells fail to contain HCV replication in 7080% of the individuals who develop persistent viremia is not clear. Fas receptors (APO-1 or CD95) and the Fas ligand system (Fas/FasL) have been implicated in the induction of apoptosis which is related with the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. Aim of the Study: Was to assess the expression of CD95 (Fas/ APO-1) (as an apoptotic marker) on peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocytes from patients with chronic HCV infection and to correlate this with disease severity in the liver, response to antiviral therapy and extrahepatic autoimmune manifestations. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients with evidence of chronic HCV infection and 10 healthy age and sex matched volunteers with negative HCV antibodies sera serving as controls were enrolled into the present study. Our patients were classified into two main groups according to antiviral therapy, Group A: They were 17 patients not receiving treatment and Group B: They were 13 patients who received antiviral therapy for 24 weeks. Group A patients were further subdivided according to the presence or absence of extrahepatic manifestations into two groups: Group I: They were 11 patients not receiving therapy and had no extrahepatic manifestations. Group II: They were 6 patients not receiving therapy and had extrahepatic manifestations. Group I patients were also subdivided according to the necroinflammatory score in liver biopsy into three groups with: Mild, moderate and severe disease activity. They were also subdivided as regard fibrosis stage in liver biopsy into groups with: Moderate and severe fibrosis. Group B patients were further subdivided according to their response to antiviral therapy into: Group III: 6 patients received therapy and were non responders and Group IV: 7 patients received therapy and showed good response. After detailed history taking and thorough clinical examination, the following investigations were done: CBC, AST and ALT, serum cryoglobulins (for patients with extrahepatic disease) and flowcytometric estimation of the percentage of apoptotic peripheral blood cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+CD95+) and non apoptotic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ CD95-). Current liver biopsy was performed in patients of Group I and examined histopathologically. Results: There was highly statistically significant difference between HCV patients and controls as regard ALT, percentage of apoptotic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ CD95+) and non apoptotic cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ CD95-) (p<0.001). There was statistically significant difference between patients of Group I, II, III, IV and controls in percentage of CD8+CD95+ and CD8+CD95cells. Comparison between Group I and II revealed non significant difference in percentage of CD8+CD95+ and CD8+CD95cells or in percentage of CD8-CD95+ cells (apoptotic non cytotoxic T) (p>0.05). Comparison between Group III and IV revealed statistically significant difference in percentage of CD8+CD95+ and CD8+CD95cells (p<0.05). In Group I the percentage of CD8+CD95+ tended to correlate with activity index of liver biopsy but significantly correlated with serum ALT in Group III. In Group II significant positive correlation between percentage of CD8+CD95+ and AST with tendency toward correlation with ALT was found. Also percentage of CD8+CD95+ correlated with purpura and arthritis but not with cryoglobulinemia. Percentage of CD8+CD95+ showed non statistically significant correlation except with serum prothrombin time in group IV. There was increase in the percentage of CD8+CD95+ cells in higher grade of necroinflamatory activity and in higher stage of fibrosis in liver biopsy in group I. Conclusion: Our findings support the suggestion of major role of peripheral blood CD8+ T cells in elimination of HCV and suggest that cellular immune response plays a key role not only in viral elimination, but also in liver pathology associated with HCV-infection. Monitoring apoptosis of CD8+ T cells by measuring FAS expression is useful in follow-up of antiviral response in these patients. Finally, Fas/FasL pathway is critical in persistent HCV infection in humans and represents a potential target for restoring function of exhausted HCV-specific CTLs.


The determination of concession term is one of the main contents during the negotiation between the government and private investment group in BOT project.This paper considers the value of deferment option which embedded in the investment process of private investor in the one period Concession Term,establishes a concession term decision model including option value,and then applies this model into a transportation infrastructure project.Through comparing and analyzing with traditional Net Present Value method,the result shows that the project can acquire same expected return in shorter concession term when take the option value into consideration,and provides a decision basis for both sides during the concession term negotiation.


The design of the diode-pumped gain medium is critical to the successful deployment of lasers in space-based missions. We have developed a number of diode-pumped, conductively cooled zigzag slab designs for this application. These designs include both one-sided and two-side pumped and cooled designs. In one of the one-sided pumped and cooled amplifier designs we optimized the efficiency by maximizing the overlap between the extracting beam and the diode pumps at the total internal reflection (TIR) surface, a so-called "pump on bounce" approach. With this approach we achieved an electrical to optical efficiency from the amplifier of over 11% with an output beam M2 of approximately 3. By reducing the size of the extracting beam to reduce diffraction effects in the slab the beam quality could be improved to an M2 of 1.5 but the amplifier electrical to optical efficiency dropped to 6.7%. The other one-sided approach we have investigated is a near Brewster angle slab that incorporates beam propagation parallel to the slab axis and achieves good efficiency by a high overall volume fill factor. In a high beam quality oscillator (M2 = 1.2) we achieved over 6% electrical to optical efficiency with a Brewster angle head design. Modeling of the thermal effects in both approaches has been performed and will be reported on. The final design approach we have investigated is based on two-sided pumping and cooling. Both modeling and preliminary experimental results indicate that this approach will allow scaling to higher average powers while still maintaining beam qualities and extraction efficiencies at least as good as those obtained with the one-sided pumped and cooled approaches. From the results of these tests and analyses, we have developed a design for a space-qualifiable 1 J, 100 Hz laser operating at 1064 nm.


Abstract: We want to set up a system to be able to identify the indication of a heart diseases at an initial stage in order to avoid the heart failures from occurring in the first phase. A system that can precisely forecast the possibility of getting heart disease must be in place because it is unfeasible for the common individual to frequently go through pricey tests like the ECG. Researchers used a range of methods, including the feature selection algorithm sequential feature selection, LDA, SVM, RF, DT, KNN, and GBC, to predict heart illness. As a result, we recommend developing a programme that can estimate the susceptibility of a heart ailment given basic inputs like age, sex, pulse rate and pO2.


An electronic tongue was employed to detect different brands of Chinese rice wine. The results showed that all of the seven classes of Chinese rice wine can be discriminated by Discriminant Factor Analysis (DFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), the electronic tongue can predict the marked age of Chinese rice wine, and the accuracy of prediction was above 90% averagely.


We consider the stability margin of a large 1-D flock of double-integrator agents with distributed control, in which the control at each agent depends on the relative information from its nearest neighbors. The stability margin is measured by the real part of the least stable eigenvalue of the closed-loop state matrix, which quantifies the rate of decay of initial errors. In [1], it was shown that with symmetric control, in which two neighbors put equal weight on information received from each other, the stability margin of the flock decays to 0 as O(1/N2), where N is the number of agents. Moreover, a perturbation analysis was used to show that with vanishingly small amount of asymmetry in the control gains, the stability margin can be improved to O(1/N). In this paper, we show that, in fact, with asymmetric control the stability margin of the closed-loop can be bounded away from zero uniformly in N. Asymmetry in control gains thus makes the control architecture highly scalable. We establish the results through distinct routes, using state-space analysis and also using a partial differential equation (PDE) approximation. Numerical verifications are also provided to corroborate our analysis.


We report on computerized differentiation of two birch types. Curly birch (CB, Betula pendula var. carelica Sok) commands a higher price than a normal silver birch (SB, Betula pendula Roth). Hence it is crucial to differentiate the two wood types when the trees are young. We studied the possibility to use ultrasound for such differentiation. A propagation velocity of 4MHz longitudinal tone bursts, transmitted through block samples of 20×20mm2 cross section, comprising of both CB and SB woods, was determined. The samples originating from southern Finland were sawed so that the sound propagation direction was longitudinal or radial with respect to the trunk. One sample set comprised of seven different sample thicknesses with a range of 2–12mm. From the time-of-flight measurements of the samples (19±1%weight humidity) the wave propagation velocity under laboratory conditions (50±5%RH, 23±1°C) was determined from a least-squares fit. The results indicate a significant difference (t-test p=0.032 and velocity d...


The article shows, in detail, the interrelation which occurs between the parish religious education and school teaching of religion in Poland. The author takes up a reflection 25 years after bringing religion back to schools. Starting from establishments of religious education documents of the Catholic and Polish Church, he points at the complementarity of these two forms of the religious education service of the word. It is also related to the possibility of carrying three functions of religious education out - the teaching, the upbringing and acquainting both in the parish, and at the school. In conclusion, the author formulates conclusions which are a response to the complementarity challenge of the parish catechesis and religious education in Poland. In the special way he stresses out the substantial role of liturgy and its connections with the religious education.


of the Final Report In many European countries an intensive debate on NATO's transformation and enlargement has become a feature of political process and an area of public interest. Unfortunately, in the course of this discussion excessive emotions rather than an impartial analysis have been more often demonstrated in Belarus. It was claimed in the government-controlled press that NATO generated a serious threat to the Belarusian national security. This was accompanied by the argument that the "aggressive nature" of NATO remained unaltered being just camouflaged by the "shrewd Western propaganda". In 1996-97, the government press in Belarus emphasised the following main points: • The Atlantic Alliance has not changed; it is the same military organisation that still prefers to resolve international problems from positions of strength. • NATO's decision to extend the Alliance to the east was a strategic mistake. This was a mistake in building a new Europe and in structuring the entire system of international relations. • The related political, military, and psychological aspects of NATO enlargement will create new dividing lines in Europe and may recreate confrontation. • The Atlantic Alliance should transform itself in order to adjust to the realities of the post-confrontation era, and abandon the functions, doctrines and structures created by the Cold War. • It is necessary to counter the prevailing NATO-centrist line in the European security debate. In 1996-97, the Belarusian independent press, as a rule, adhered to a more balanced approach to NATO. To a certain extent, it was questioning anti-NATO statements and attitude of the government. The independent press presented more complex and multifaceted views on the role of the Atlantic Alliance in the emerging new European security architecture. In general, the independent press was more objective with regard to NATO's evolution in the 1990s. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Democratic Institutions Individual Fellowships Programme, 1997/99 Comparative Analysis of Publications on NATO's Transformation and Enlargement in Belarusian Independent and Government Press, 1996-1997


. Present work aimed to examine the antibiotic resistance of the Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) iso-lates from poultry, to study the plasmid-mediated ampicillin resistance and to detect and determine the distribution of sodCI , sopE and sefA genes. Thirty-five SE isolates from one-day chicks, layers and broilers were studied for susceptibility/resistance to sixteen antimicrobial agents; 23 (65.7%) of them showed resistance to ampicillin, 5 (14.3%) to ampicillin and tetracycline, 4 (11.45%) to tetracycline and 1 (2.9%) isolate showed multi-drug resistance. Ampicillin (Amp R ) and ampicillin/tetracycline (Amp R Te R ) resistance was easily transferred by conjugation, and all isolates except two possessed a common band. The molecular mass of the plasmid carrying ampicillin resistance was approximately determined at 41kb after DNA digestion with Bam HI , Hind III , Eco RI , Eco RV and Pst I restriction enzymes and ligation of Eco RI fragments to pET29c . For the detection of TEM-1 or/and TEM-2 ß-lactamases, two pairs of primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products showed the presence of bla TEM-1 gene in all isolates. The presence of SodCI , sopE , sefA genes was also examined by PCR. Twenty-two (62,8%) isolates carried the sodCI gene, thirty-four (97,2%) isolates carried the sopE gene and all isolates carried the sefA fim-brial locus.


Abstract— The mechanism of action of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in controlling the quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence in the major light‐harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCIIb) has been investigated. Auroxanthin, a diepoxy carotenoid with 7 conjugated carbon double bonds, violaxanthin (9 conjugated double bonds) and zeaxanthin (11 conjugated double bonds) have been compared with regard to their effects in vitro on fluorescence quenching and LHCIIb oligomerization. It was found that auroxanthin stimulated fluorescence quenching, similar to the effect of zeaxanthin and in contrast to the inhibition caused by violaxanthin. Auroxanthin caused an increase in the oligomerization of LHCIIb and an increase in relative emission of long‐wavelength fluorescence at 77 K. It is concluded that auroxanthin can mimic the effect of zeaxanthin on LHCII, strongly suggesting that the xanthophyll cycle carotenoids control quenching in vitro by an indirect structural effect and not by direct quenching of chlorophyll excited states.


Welcome to the 45th volume of Medical Humanities ! In the 2019 issues, we look forward to several new and exciting developments. In January, we (re)launched the Medical Humanities Podcast, which will now appear monthly, and we are pleased to present the first instalment of the Research Forum (RF).

In this issue, following the original articles, you will see Research Forum: Being Well Together by Guest Editors Neil Pemberton and Robert Kirk. This RF examines the myriad ways humans have formed partnerships with non-human species to improve health across time and place. Like our June and December special issues, the RF will offer themed content, …


The rights of families of an institutionalized elderly relative with dementia have yet to be recognized. The results of our pilot study based on a participatory approach show, among other things, that family caregivers, women for the most part, have little input in the decisions regarding their relative's care and are uneasy to express their opinions to health care staff. As part of the pilot study, caregivers developed a group intervention program entitled "Taking Care of Myself" geared, among other things, towards increasing their competence in expressing their viewpoint to health care staff and in taking part in care-related decisions. According to an efficacy study conducted after the pilot study, the program produced successful outcomes in terms of caregiver competence in dealing with the health care staff and of perceived challenge of the caregiver situation. Recommendations are made aimed at giving caregivers recognition, that is their due.


A low-light-level self-scanned MOS image sensor using new signal processing and scanning techniques to eliminate completely switching transient noise from the array output has been developed.


The degree of openness in innovation is a key strategic decision of family firms (FFs). Although there is an increased interest in studies on FFs and open innovation (OI), the existing knowledge is rather limited. This study explores the determinants of OI in FFs. We focus on two distinctive types of FFs: those held and managed by family members and FFs where ownership and management are disjointed, leading to non–family managers being involved in strategic decision–making. Our study shows that FFs managed by non–family managers are motivated by an innovation strategy that is more aggressive, more oriented towards technological excellence and radical innovation as compared to FFs managed by family managers. And they are more likely to search for a broader set of external sources in embracing OI. We argue that the presence of non–family managers is what makes the difference in shaping firm behaviour in terms of OI breadth.


For the first time it is shown that for thin metallic films thickness of which does not exceed thickness of skin - layer, the problem of description of surface plasma oscillations allows analytical solution under arbitrary ratio of length of electrons free path and thickness of a film. The dependance of frequency of surface plasma oscillations on wave number is carried out. We consider a case of specularity - diffusive boundary value problems.


We investigated electronic transport properties of some liquid transition metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Pt) using Ziman formalism. Our parameter free model potential which is realized on ionic and atomic radius has been incorporated with the Hard Sphere Yukawa (HSY) reference system to study the electronic transport properties like electrical resistivity (ρ), thermal conductivity (σ) and thermo electrical power (Q). The screening effect on aforesaid properties has been studied by using different screening functions. The correlations of our results and others data with in addition experimental values are profoundly promising to the researchers working in this field. Also, we conclude that our newly constructed parameter free model potential is capable to explain the aforesaid electronic transport properties.


Objective: To retrospectively analyse the effects of different treatment and local medication methods for rhino-sinus benign lesions.Methods: Totally 236 patients were operated endoscopic sinus surgery in our department in 5 years and were followed up for 1-3 years.Conventional treatment contained clearing the nasal cavity secretions,surgical cavity vesicles and granulation,including corticosteroid nasal spray 2 times a day,a total of 3 weeks.Some patients with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) expansion sponge stuffed.Three cases of inverted papilloma were treated with interferon a-2b(5 mIU·ml-1) for the sinus mucosa of local multi-point injection.Micro maxillary sinus drainage stents were placed in patients with maxillary sinus overgrowth of scar tissue under endoscopic sinus surgery.Results: Cured 83.47%(197/236),improved 11.44%(27/236),the total effective rate 94.92%(224/236).The analysis of different treatments showed: in 195 patients with routine postoperative treatment,one case of simple sinusitis with diabetes recurred,2 cases of nasal polyp patients recurred,one case of nasal sinus stenosis and adhesion.After conventional treatment and separation of nasal adhesion,7 cases of 13 patients in the recurrence of adhesions.1 case of postoperative septal hematoma in patients with nasal septum deviation,the nasal cavity adhesion occurred after conventional treatment and hematoma clearing.Conclusion: The efficacy of operative cavity treatment after endoscopic sinus surgery is crucial.The appropriate method of post-operation treatment can effectively prevent the occurrence of re-adhesion.For inverted papilloma patients,local injection of interferon may be effective in preventing tumor recurrence,and it is a simple and effective treatment.


In this paper, two studies demonstrate that the efficacy of sexual humor in advertising is more complicated than the conventional wisdom of "works for males, but not for females." The findings suggest that males and females tend not to exhibit significant differences in sexual humor evaluation (how funny is this?) but that advertising utilizing sexual humor is more likely (less likely) to generate positive attitudes (do I like this advertisement/brand?) when a masculine (feminine) brand is communicating with male (female) consumers. However, brand gender differences and the resultant consumer attitudinal differences can be eliminated through the use of gender-atypical brand personality. Taken together, the results show that the mere presence of sexual humor does not drive gender-based differences in advertising response; rather, it appears to be the fit of such humor with brand personality.


The rate for the photon emission accompanying orbital 1S electron capture by the atomic nucleus is recalculated. While a photon can be emitted by the electron or by the nucleus, the use of the length gauge significantly suppresses the nuclear contribution. Our calculations resolve the long standing discrepancy of theoretical predictions with experimental data for {delta}J=2 forbidden transitions. We illustrate the results by comparison with the data established experimentally for the first forbidden unique decays of {sup 41}Ca and {sup 204}Tl.


In this study, photocorrosion of ZnO is inhibited by doping Ni in the ZnO nanostructure and electron–hole recombination was solved by forming a heterostructure with S-g-C3N4. Ni is doped into ZnO NPs from 0 to 10% (w/w). Among the Ni-decorated ZnO NPs, 4% Ni-doped ZnO NPs (4NZO) showed the best performance. So, 4% Ni–ZnO was used to form heterostructure NCs with S-g-C3N4. NZO NPs were formed by the wet co-precipitation route by varying the weight percentage of Ni (0–10% w/w). Methylene blue (MB) was used as a model dye for photocatalytic studies. For the preparation of the 4NZO-x-SCN nanocomposite, 4NZO NPs were formed in situ in the presence of various concentrations of S-g-C3N4 (10–50% (w/w)) by using the coprecipitation route. The electron spin resonance (ESR) and radical scavenger studies showed that O2− and OH free radicals were the main reactive species that were responsible for MB photodegradation.


Developing into the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasty,beauty painting was fixed up in the stable form.it has created an image of slim and fragile woman.This kind of appreciation tendency was popular in the entire painting circles during the period of the Ming and Qing Dynasty.In addition to a few painting masters such as Chen Hongshou,Wu Changshuo who could get rid of constraint and create their own style,most of the painters followed the fashion.Therefore the painting style characterized by tenderness,fragility and melancholy was formed.


Music similarity is a multidimensional concept to which so-called "sub-similarities", such as timbre and rhythm similarity, contribute. In this study, two models are presented: one for timbre similarity, and one for rhythm similarity. The musical domain for which the models were established is Electronic Dance Music (EDM). The models extract feature values from segments of audio and calculate a distance between two segments based on their feature vectors. The models are evaluated on perceptual data using linear regression. The accuracy of the rhythm similarity model reaches an empirically established upper bound to model performance. The accuracy of the timbre model is moderate, possibly due to insufficient data. From the selection of features and their weights resulting from the regression analysis, periodicity of rhythmic elements turned out to be the most important feature group for rhythm similarity in EDM.


Parkinson's disease affects multiple aspects of movement, impacting significantly on everyday tasks. Music is used in interventions for people with Parkinson's, either to pace movements, or as an integral element of activities such as dance. This study explored self-reported vividness of two forms of imagery – motor imagery evoked by music and auditory (including musical) imagery – in people with Parkinson's, and whether and how they use these types of imagery in everyday life. Participants ( N = 199) completed: (i) vividness ratings of visual and kinesthetic music-evoked motor imagery, (ii) vividness ratings of auditory imagery, and (iii) ratings and open questions about their everyday use of these types of imagery. While most participants reported experiencing music-evoked motor imagery (with more vivid visual than kinesthetic motor imagery), <20% reported actively using music to support motor imagery in daily activities. In contrast, participants reported a broad range of contexts and uses for musical imagery (imagined music), from supporting movement (e.g., walking or exercise) to emotion regulation, and concentration. Correlational analyses associated vividness of music-evoked motor imagery with an urge to dance and musical training, while the use of musical imagery was associated with singing ability. A minority of participants reported not experiencing either motor or musical imagery, suggesting that interventions based on imagery may not be suitable for all. Nonetheless, even participants with more severe motor symptoms reported experiencing and using both types of imagery, indicating promise for their strategic use at different stages of Parkinson's. Therefore, musical and motor imagery have the potential to support rehabilitation strategies for Parkinson's, either separately or in combination.