Recall from last time that a string property is a boolean function of the form F : {0, 1} n → {0, 1}. A string property is evasive if its deterministic decision tree complexity is exactly n, or in other words, if any algorithm that computes the function F must evaluate every input bit in the worst case. In this lecture, we'll develop some general tools for proving evasiveness. As a simple example, consider the property " three 1s in a row ". This property is trivially evasive when n = 3, and it is not hard to prove by brute force that it is also evasive when n = 4. When n = 5, however, the three-consecutive-1s property is not evasive, as there is an algorithm that examines at most four input bits: 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 1 5 2 4 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 In the homework, you'll be asked to prove that the three-consecutive-1s property is evasive if and only if n mod 4 = 0 or 3. We'll develop the necessary tools to prove the lower bound in this lecture. 1 Most of this lecture will be concerned with graph properties, which are a special case of string properties. A graph property is a function of the form F : {0, 1} (n 2) → {0, 1}, where the input bits represent the entries in the adjacency matrix of an undirected graph. We will make the additional assumption that graph properties are unchanged by any permutation of the vertices. In other words, we are concerned with properties of unlabeled graphs (connectivity, planarity, hamiltonicity) as opposed to properties of labeled graphs (vertex 17 has degree 42). After all, labeled graph properties are just properties of n 2-bit strings. A graph property is evasive if its deterministic decision tree complexity is exactly n 2. In the last lecture, we used an adversary argument to prove that connectivity is an evasive graph property. In fact, almost every interesting graph property is evasive: acyclicity, planarity, bipartiteness, hamiltonicity, k-colorability, emptiness, and so forth. In fact, the only properties that are obviously not evasive are trivial: " Is this a graph? " and " Is this a flying pig named Rocco von Finkelstein? ". More formally, we say that s graph property is nontrivial if at least one graph …


Body_building exercises are, to a certain extent, related to the basic pulse. This paper analyzes the statistical data and draws the conclusion that persistance in a long_term body_building exercises is beneficial to improving the functions of the cardiac vessel system.


While in recent years the market has been flooded with small books of mathematical tables, each of which reproduces most of the defects of the others, there are few tables, if any, which meet all requirements when it is necessary to use logarithms for operations involving both multiplication and division. In such cases logarithms of reciprocals are constantly needed. Few tables contain these, a notable exception being the tables at the end of Carson and Smith's Algebra. On the other hand, tables of reciprocals are often given, which are rarely of use except in geometrical optics, and only confusion is occasioned by the separation of the tables for logarithms and antilogarithms, and of those for sines and cosines. Either the table of antilogarithms or that of logarithms may be banished with advantage. If we retain the table of logarithms, it is impossible to obtain logarithms of reciprocals without performing an additional operation, which increases the work and the risk of error. Further, in the lowest parts of the scale the differences are large, and it is difficult to pick out the number which represents the logarithm correctly to four or five places of decimals as the case may be.


This book focuses on the lesser known (and admired) 'political Picasso' of the period after 1944. In the decades after joining the French Communist Party in late 1944 at the end of World War Two, Picasso produced a body of work connected directly, if in complex and varied ways, to his left-wing political beliefs and continued affiliation to a Republican Spain destroyed by General Franco's fascist victory in the Spanish Civil War. The book draws together dynamic scholars from Europe and the USA examining facets of this era and Picasso's place within it in a variety of innovative ways developing art historical, critical and social-theoretical themes. Contributors reconsider, for example, the significance and legacy of Picasso's 1937 Guernica as a talisman of quality and vanguardism for later works by the artist concerned with, for example, the US invasion of Korea in 1950 (Harris, Craven, Lopez), the Cold War atomic and ideological standoff between the West and the USSR (Morris, Wilson), the continuation of struggle against Franco's regime in Spain (Barreiro-Lopez) and connections between the avowedly political and propagandistic works and Picasso's earlier cubist, collage and surrealist periods (Cubitt, Fijalkowski). All authors pose related questions concerned with the significance of Picasso's political works today, and ask how images and personas of the artist have developed and been appropriated by many others with their own distinct political agendas. How might art today be 'political,' or not be capable of being political, in ways and with objectives that Picasso and those in his time in the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s and early 1970s would have recognised?


Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are classified into chronic cells), (ii) a normal hemoglobin level (139g/L) and (iii) a myeloid leukemia (CML) and Philadelphia chromosome-negative MPN (Ph-negative MPN). CML is characterized by the t (9;22)(q34;q11) translocation, resulting in the fusion protein BCR-ABL1. Ph-negative MPN are characterized by mutations in driver genes leading to activation of the JAK2-STAT5 pathway. First described in 2005, the JAK2V617F mutation is found in almost all cases of polycythemia vera and about half cases of essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Mutations of CALR were reported in 2013 in the majority of JAK2 no-mutated ET and PMF. The cooccurrence of both BCR-ABL1 and JAK2 or CALR is very rare. Here, we describe a case of CML associated with a mutation of CALR detectable after 3 months of treatment by imatinib. A 76-year-old-man with a history of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia was referred for leukocytosis. The initial blood analysis revealed (i) an elevated white blood count (73.610/L, including 19% of myeloid immature cells and 2.3% of blast


Sugarcane holds the prominent position in global economy. Extensive research is needed to enhance the efficiency of phosphorous fertilizers which increase the cost of sugarcane production more specifically in the less fertile soils which are weathered and phosphorous deficit as tropical region soils. We are currently living in a transitional period called the "Green Micro-revolution," in which the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) is justified and although bacteria such as Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas fluorescens in other crops are recognized for increasing production however, little is known about the effects of these microorganisms on sugarcane. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with three species of plant growth promoting bacteria (A. brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, and P. fluorescens) without or with combine application of reduced doses of phosphate fertilizer, in the P soil available, P leaf concentration, shoot yield and P accumulation in sugarcane (cane-plant) at the end of the cycle. The experiment was carried out with a sugarcane crop in a Hapludox Rhodic with low available P content, in a randomized block design with 8 × 5 factorial scheme, being eight inoculations and five P doses (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1 P2O5) as triple superphosphate. The bacterial inoculations influenced the leaf P content, so that inoculation with B. subtilis + P. fluorescens provided the highest concentration of phosphorus in the sugarcane leaf. Both the layers of the soil were differently influenced by inoculation and P doses whereas inoculation with A. brasilense + P. fluorescens at 135 kg P2O5 ha−1 provided the highest soil P content in the soil layer of 0–0.25 m. Although, maximum stalk yield was obtained with inoculation of B. subtilis + P. fluorescens at the dose of 135 kg ha−1 P2O5. The inoculation of A. brasilense + B. subtilis with application of 45 kg P2O5 ha−1 improved dry matter, total P accumulation and stalk production by 38% in sugarcane variety (RB92579) and reduced P fertilization by 75% for the same variety grown in low-P soil.


This work is a description of the process of evolution of Nursing in Brazil along with the health-disease. The examined stages were divided into three periods in accordance with the evolution of Nursing. They are: organization of the profession under control of religious orders; institutional development of education and practice of public health, the process of professionalization of Nursing until the present day. All these periods were analyzed together with the historical events that occurred over the years in Brazil. And this way was made a parallel of the relevant events to the health-disease along with the facts that occurred in the history of Nursing in Brazil.


nutraceutical supplement for the preparation of infant formulas. New nutraceutical supplement comprising fish oil containing docosahexaenoic acid, microbial oil containing arachidonic acid, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, together with appropriate amounts of other edible ingredients. The combination of the three main ingredients provides a synergistic effect on health, ensuring optimum brain and cognitive development, as well as beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and immune systems. The new nutraceutical supplement is used to obtain food preparations as children and prepared for ingestion by women during periods of pregnancy and lactation milk.


PURPOSE: We present a new retinal condition following uncomplicated cataract
surgery, and its relationship with the injection of cefuroxime at the correct concentration
(0.1 mL/1 mg), but at a volume greater than 0.1 mL.
SETTING: OFTALMOCOR. Ophthalmology and ocular surgery clinic. Cordoba, Spain.
METHODS: A total of 364 patients were evaluated 1, 3 and 7 days after cataract surgery,
performing optical coherence tomography (OCT) at each examination. We studied
162 patients who were given an intracameral injection of a standard cefuroxime solution
(0.1 mL/1 mg) and a further 202 patients who were given an injection of the same
cefuroxime solution, but without controlling the amount injected into the anterior chamber
and irrigating the surface with the remaining solution.
RESULTS: Th irty cases (≈15%) of serous neuroepithelial detachment (SND) and oedema in
the outer layers of the retina were observed in the group of patients in whom the cefuroxime
was injected in an uncontrolled manner, compared to none in the patient group in which
0.1 mL/1 mg was injected.
CONCLUSION: An excessive volume of cefuroxime, albeit at the correct concentration
(0.1 mL/1 mg), injected following uncomplicated cataract surgery can cause SND that
resolves without any apparent side eff ects.


The decision and movement time components of a visual choice reaction-time task were examined using students and visitors to a university exhibition. The results of two separate studies showed that women have a faster decision time than men, and that men have a faster movement time. Since these two effects are in an opposite direction, no sex differences in the mean choice reaction times were found. It is concluded that on this particular task the cognitive performance of women is superior.


The potential of removing Ni and Pb cations from industrial electroplating wastewaters by using mesoporous materials of MCM-41 structure doped with different ratios of Zr and Fe, namely Zr-MCM41, ZrFe-MCM41(61), and ZrFe-MCM41(31) was evaluated. The prepared adsorbent materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen gas sorption, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. The adsorbents were employed to remove Pb and Ni ions from aqueous solutions at room temperature. The effect of several process variables such as metal concentration (50 to 1,000 ppm), stirring time (0.5 to 5 h), and solution pH (1.5 to 12) was studied in the batch mode. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of cations in the eluted solution. Results obtained indicate that under optimum conditions, pH in the vicinity of 6 – 8, Zr-MCM41 had the maximum adsorption capacity for both cations, i.e., Ni: 25.92 and Pb: 73.63 mg/g. On the other hand, ZrFeMCM41(61) containing a higher molar ratio of iron showed lower adsorption capacity for the cations, i.e., Ni:12.57 and Pb: 39.01mg/g.


Four predominant strains were isolated from Japanese Natto for preparation of direct vat starter(DVS) Bacillus natto starter.One B.natto strain,which has tolerance and the capability of enzymes producing and is the most suitable for preparation of DVS was obtained by comparison study of the four isolated strains and strains preserved in our laboratory.


Einstein's gravity has been extensively tested in the weak field regime, primarily with experiments in the Solar System and observations of binary pulsars, and current data agree well with theoretical predictions. On the other hand, strong gravity is largely unexplored and there are a number of theories beyond Einstein's gravity that make the same predictions for weak fields and present deviations only when gravity becomes strong. The best laboratory for testing strong gravity is the spacetime around astrophysical black holes. X-ray reflection spectroscopy can be a powerful tool to probe the strong gravity region around astrophysical black holes and test the nature of these objects. In this paper, we will introduce RELXILL_NK, which is the first XSPEC reflection model to test Einstein's gravity in the strong field regime, and we will present the constraints on possible deviations from Einstein's gravity that we have obtained by analyzing Suzaku data of Ark 564.


GRADUALLY, as derivatives of thiouracil become of general use in the treatment of hyperthyroidism, it proves necessary to find out whether cretinism in a light or severe degree can be induced in the fetus by administration to the mother's organism of an antithyroid substance. Clinical experiences in this problem are scarce. Eaton (3) reported two cases in which thiouracil was given to pregnant women suffering from hyperthyroidism. One of these women bore a child whose thyroid was transitorily enlarged for some time after birth. The child was normal in all other respects. In the case of the other woman the thiouracil treatment was discontinued four weeks before parturition. This woman likewise bore a normal child. Palmer (7) treated with thiouracil three pregnant women suffering from hyperthyroidism. In one case the treatment was continued from the fourth to the ninth month; in other words, right up to parturition. The child was normal in every respect.


INTRODUCTION All off‐shore operations are subjected to limited space. These activities, normally carried out in unlimited area when oil/gas is extracted on‐shore, are subject to a small platform area requiring considerable ingenuity for their incorporation. Apart from the well, power‐generating facilities and living accommodation for the crew, space is required on the platform for oil/gas separation, condensate storage, waterflood equipment and transportation equipment.


Persons with intractable epilepsy undergo resective brain surgery with the twin goals of seizure freedom and simplification of complicated preoperative antiepileptic drug (AED) regimens. The humbling truth remains, however, that there are no guidelines rationally steering physician and patient decision-making on drug withdrawal after epilepsy surgeries. The available knowledge is based on retrospective series describing individual centers' experience, 2 prospective cohort studies reporting on AED withdrawal following temporal lobe surgery, but without prospective data following extratemporal resections.1,–,3 Solid conclusions remain elusive with reported rates of successful AED discontinuation varying from 27% to 80%, rates of seizure recurrence during attempted AED withdrawal ranging from 25% to 47%, and median times for initiation of medication changes ranging from few months to more than a year.2,4

In this issue of Neurology ®, Menon et al.5 advance the literature on postoperative AED management by a retrospective analysis of a carefully examined and prospectively followed cohort of 106 patients with resections for intractable extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE). AEDs were withdrawn postoperatively, starting at 3 months …


As a member of the liquid electrolyte family, ionic liquids (ILs) possess distinctive chemical and electrochemical stability, offering a pathway to realize supercapacitors (SCs) with both outstanding energy density and high safety. Nevertheless, the rapid development of IL based SCs is largely limited due to the high viscosity and poor ionic conductivity of ILs. One feasible solution, albeit challenging, is implementing ion regulation for IL electrolytes because of the highly adjustable nature of anions and cations. This paper provides an overview of the recent process for ion regulation in IL based SCs. We describe energy storage mechanisms and ion regulation methods of IL electrolytes in electrical double-layer capacitors, with special emphasis on the effects of ion regulation to the electrochemical performance of electrode materials and devices. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges in regulating IL based electrolytes for SCs from the personal perspectives, and give future possible directions for constructing superior IL based electrolytes for the next-generation of SCs.


Silymarin, the seed extract of milk thistle plant, Silybum marianum, has been used traditionally for the treatment of liver diseases and bile duct infection. Silybin 1 is the main bioactive components of silymarin, consisting a pair of diastereomers: Silybin A and Silybin B. In this article, we report the preparation of tritium-labeled Silybin, which was accomplished by protection of Silybin as tritylated compound 2 and followed by oxidation of the primary alcohol to its corresponding aldehyde 3. Subsequent reduction with NaB[3H]4 and deprotection of the trityl group provided the tritium-labeled Silybin 4. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In accordance with shortages of current displacement measurement method,the ordinary digital photography was applied to similar material model test.On the model test,independent control net was set up around every measurement point,and image coordinates of these digital photos,taken from single measurement point were obtained on current image processing system,then actual coordinates of measurement point on independent control net were calculated according to coordinate conversion and distortion rectification model of image.


This chapter (12) reviews key publications by Sir Peter Hall in the period 1967-79. In this period he was particularly interested in the 'inner city' and how problems of deprivation, unemployment, poor housing, and increasingly immigration might best be addressed by public policy. Each chapter in the book reviews Sir Peter's publications over a long and distinguished career in research and policy advice to government in honour of his 80th birthday in 2013.


Interseeding legumes into grass-dominated stands can benefit pasture and hay producers by increasing the yield and quality of forage they produce and reducing their need for inputs of nitrogen fertilizer. The challenge is to get the legumes established given the competition from existing vegetation. This study confirmed that suppressing the grasses with glyphosate prior to seeding results in the most consistent legume establishment. Close mowing to simulate heavy grazing generally did not result in improved establishment. Of the 5 legumes evaluated, alfalfa established the best in the glyphosate treatment in Colorado, increasing yield by over a ton per acre. In Idaho, establishment was more variable with red clover establishing well regardless of suppression treatment. No legumes established at the Oregon site due to heavy rodent activity. This study highlighted the importance of suppressing the existing grasses and choosing a vigorous legume species for interseeding to reduce the risk of seeding failure.


"Treatise on Calligraphy (Shu pu)" "Sequel to the "Treatise on Calligraphy (Xu shu pu)" Chinese texts "Shu pu" "Shu pu" transcription "Xu shu pu", with variants list of persons mentioned glossary of calligraphic terms.


The report covers ten key indicators of the labour market and has been prepared with the technical assistance of the ILO. The report analyses the labour market in Pakistan for the period 2000-2006, using indicators such as labour force participation rate, employment-to-population rate and unemployment rate.

The structure of employment is examined using status in employment, employment by sector, educational attainment and other indicators that can be used to assess the attainment of decent work. The significance of this analysis is that it particularly informs poverty reduction strategy, evolving employment strategy, as well as promotion of decent work agenda.


In fully digitized QPSK (Quadrature phase shift Keying) demodulator,sometimes th ere exists a rather large freque ncy-offset so that the demodulator can not work normally.This paper proposes a novel algorithm to solve this challenging problem.Instead of estimating frequenc y-offset directly,we estimate the period of some new sequence,resulting in a go od statistic for frequency-offset estimating.The algorithm is less expensive co mputationally in rectifying frequency-offset,and has been applied to a multi-c hannel QPSK demodulation system,which is implemented with a single DSP(Digital s ignal processing) of TMS320C6201.


24-hour Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) matter and PM2.5 samples have simultaneously been collected at a suburban site of South-East Italy (40.4° N; 18.1° E) to investigate the dependence of TSP and PM2.5 mass concentrations on long-range transported air masses, and to infer how concentration and composition of sampled particles were dependent on particulate matter (PM) cut-off diameter. The PM chemical composition is quite dependent on particle size and as a consequence, can allow inferring aerosol types and corresponding sources. Ion chromatography (IC) and Organic Carbon/Elemental Carbon (OC/EC) analyses have been performed on some PM2.5 and TSP randomly selected samples, in order to determine mass concentrations of main ionic species and of EC and OC, respectively. In accordance with TSP and PM2.5 mass concentrations and PM2.5/TSP ratios, ion chromatography and OC/EC analyses have revealed that both ionic species and OC/EC concentrations significantly varied from sample to sample, as a consequence of the significant dependence of aerosol properties on regional sources and pathways of the air masses advected over the monitoring site.


Introduction The term teratoma, derived from the Greek teraton meaning "a monster", was coined by Virchow in 1869 for a tumour originating in the sacrococcygeal region. Teratomas are composed of multiple tissues foreign to the organ or site in which they arise. Although teratomas are sometimes defined as having the three embryonic layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), recent classifications also include monodermal types. The term germ cell tumour (GCT) is also frequently used to describe these tumours, although this term encomprises a larger group including the mature and the immature teratomas, germinomas, embryonal carcinomas, yolk sac tumours, and choriocarcinomas. The germ cell tumours may arise in the gonads or in extragonadal sites, including the brain, face, neck, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and sacrococcygeal region.


The various possible known methods of amplifying incoming signals of very short wave length (below 600 meters) are described and their limitations considered. The new method then described consists (for continuous wave reception) of the following steps:- 1. Heterodyning, with the production of a beat frequency which is itself a radio frequency (for example, 100,000 cycles per second). 2. Rectification of the beat current. 3. Amplification at the beat radio frequency, preferably by a tuned amplifier. 4. Audio frequency modulation of the amplified current. 5. Rectification of the modulated current. For reception of damped wave or radiophone signals, step 4 is omitted. It is shown that in this case the quality (characteristic tone) of the incoming signals is preserved.


Test case management may make the testing process more efficient and thus accelerate software delivery. With the popularity of using JUnit for testing Java software, researchers have paid attention to techniques to manage JUnit test cases in regression testing of Java software. Typically, most existing test case management tools are based on the coverage information. However, coverage information may need extra efforts to obtain. In this paper, we present an Eclipse IDE plug-in (named Jtop) for managing JUnit test cases in absence of coverage information. Jtop statically analyzes the program under test and its corresponding JUnit test cases to perform the following management tasks: regression test case selection, test suite reduction and test case prioritization. Furthermore, Jtop also enables the programmer to manually manipulate test cases through a graphical user interface.


This is a study of Cuban-American popular Catholicism, focusing on the shrine of Our Lady of Charity in Miami, which is the sacred centre of the Cuban community in exile. Tweed uses historical and ethnographic methods to discover why the shrine attained so much importance and attracts so many visitors, and what it can tell us about larger issues of religion, identity, and place.


Several characteristics of written texts have been inferred from statistical analysis derived from networked models. Even though many network measurements have been adapted to study textual properties at several levels of complexity, some textual aspects have been disregarded. In this paper, we study the symmetry of word adjacency networks, a well-known representation of text as a graph. A statistical analysis of the symmetry distribution performed in several novels showed that most of the words do not display symmetric patterns of connectivity. More specifically, the merged symmetry displayed a distribution similar to the ubiquitous power-law distribution. Our experiments also revealed that the studied metrics do not correlate with other traditional network measurements, such as the degree or the betweenness centrality. The discriminability power of the symmetry measurements was verified in the authorship attribution task. Interestingly, we found that specific authors prefer particular types of symmetric motifs. As a consequence, the authorship of books could be accurately identified in 82.5% of the cases, in a dataset comprising books written by 8 authors. Because the proposed measurements for text analysis are complementary to the traditional approach, they can be used to improve the characterization of text networks, which might be useful for applications based on stylistic classification.


Online video industry is found to be the business area with the fastest growth in operating income, but few academic studies investigate audience avoidance of online video ads. In order to meet the...


A case of appendicitis caused by anisakiasis was experienced. A 16-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of acute appendicitis. She had eaten fresh "Sushi" 5 days before admission. Appendectomy was performed and anisakiasis of the appendix was revealed. Anisakiasis is commonly found in the stomach (92.7%), and occurs in the intestine in a frequency as low as 4.4%. In particular, there has been no report on anisakiasis of appendix in Japan up to now. This case is thought very rare.


This paper extends the rough set model based on multi-granulations to the covering fuzzy rough set model based on multi-granulation, which is named MGCFRS. The lower and upper approximations of fuzzy sets in a covering approximation space are defined and some basic properties about the MGCFRS are investigated. One can see that the basic properties of MGRS are special cases of MGCFRS model.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Carrier concentration optimization and electrical and thermal transport properties of the defect manganese silicide MnSiδ(δ ∼ 1.74)∗ V. PONNAMBALAM, GLORIA LEHR, D.T. MORELLI, Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University — Defect manganese silicide MnSiδ (δ ∼ 1.74) is known for unusually low thermal conductivity. In addition, it also exhibits promising thermoelectric properties. We have substituted MnSiδ with various elements to optimize the carrier concentration. Electrical and thermal transport properties of the resulting alloys have been studied over a temperature (T) range of 80-300 K. Both resistivity and Seebeck coefficient vary with substitution. Hall measurements suggest that the carrier concentration indeed varies in these alloys. Interestingly, thermal conductivity either remains constant or weakly increases with T in the temperature range 80300 K, eventually reaching values ∼ 3 W/m K at 300 K. The results will be presented and discussed. *This work was supported as part of the Center for Revolutionary Materials for Solid State Energy Conversion, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001054. V. Ponnambalam Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University Date submitted: 15 Nov 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


A scrub-oak woodland has maintained higher aboveground biomass accumulation after 11 years of atmospheric CO2 enrichment (ambient 1350lmolCO2mol � 1 ), despite the expectation of strong nitrogen (N) limitation at the site. We hypothesized that changes in plant available N and exploitation of deep sources of inorganic N in soils have sustained greater growth at elevated CO2. We employed a suite of assays performed in the sixth and 11th year of a CO2 enrichment experiment designed to assess soil N dynamics and N availability in the entire soil profile. In the 11th year, we found no differences in gross N flux, but significantly greater microbial respiration (P� 0.01) at elevated CO2. Elevated CO2 lowered extractable inorganic N concentrations (P 50.096) considering the whole soil profile (0‐190cm). Conversely, potential net N mineralization, although not significant in considering the entire profile (P 50.460), tended to be greater at elevated CO2. Ion-exchange resins placed in the soil profile for approximately 1 year revealed that potential N availability at the water table was almost 3 � greater than found elsewhere in the profile, and we found direct evidence using a 15 N tracer study that plants took up N from the water table. Increased microbial respiration and shorter mean residence times of inorganic N at shallower depths suggests that enhanced SOM decomposition may promote a sustained supply of inorganic N at elevated CO2. Deep soil N availability at the water table is considerable, and provides a readily available source of N for plant uptake. Increased plant growth at elevated CO2 in this ecosystem may be sustained through greater inorganic N supply from shallow soils and N uptake from deep soil.


A Robot-based Construction Automation (RCA) system is recently being developed to outcome the difficulties such as construction accidents, low productivity, and lack of skilled-workforce supply. The objective of this study is to develop a planning model for efficiently applying the RCA system to the fabrication of steel frame. In the presented model, Genetic Algorithm is applied to search a route for minimizing the total moving distances of bolting on work space as one of the strategies for accomplishing productive construction process. The Line-of-Balance method of scheduling is planned to conduct the overlapping of simultaneous parallel works by labor and bolting robot, and identifying the overall process based on the route established by the GA. Also, Monte Carlo technique is used to calculate the completion time of steel erection.


Today Canonical announced the new Ubuntu Linux 14.04 LTS with a press release intriguingly focused on its role as an OpenStack platform. This release, that ...


Following the decision of the author's company some five years ago to re-enter the high-voltage control-gear market, a survey showed that two factors were of major importance in considering the overall design concept to be employed


The bis-lithium dianions of N-ethyl and N-aryl enamines of methyl acetoacetate react with cyclic sulfate esters of vic-diols to give tri- and tetrasubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives. The N-ethyl enamine of pentane-2,4-dione can also be converted to the corresponding pyrrolidine.


Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) was manufactured from Chinese fir, which had been impregnated with laboratory prepared low-molecular-weight water-soluble phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin. The effects on the mechanical and physical properties of the LVL were investigated which made from veneer that had been subjected to various levels of the resin treatment. The results showed that either under conditions of normal temperature and pressure, or at increased pressure, the weight gain would increase with the impregnating time. Under the same impregnation technology, along with the increase of resin concentration, dry weigh gain increased, wet weight gain first increased and then decreased. Density of LVL increased, TS reduced, MOR and MOE first increased and then decreased as the weight gain increased.


A new species of the genus Amazophrynella is described from southern Amazonia, Brazil. The new species is characterized by its medium size for the genus (15.2–19.3 mm SVL in males, 20.2–25.7 mm SVL in females), snout rounded in dorsal view, acute in lateral view, presence of subrostral crest not converging anteriorly, finger I shorter than finger II, and by dorsal and ventral coloration. The reproductive behavior of the new species is similar to other Amazophrynella with pigmented and numerous eggs that are probably laid in temporary ponds.


Dr. Lundberg and colleagues ([3][1]) submitted a Letter to the Editor commenting on the general problem of nitrate supplementation. This Letter to the Editor was not directed at any specific publication on this topic. We asked these sets of authors ([1][2], [2][3]) who recently published in the


The aim of the research is to describe transport systems of public transit focused on the service in rural or suburban locations. The former rural settlements have become suburbanized areas of the cities' hinterlands where the transport demands are satisfied by private car usage increasingly. The surveyed settlements are a part of the "suburban sprawl" process in the suburbanized hinterland of Prague catchment area. The regionally- dominant position of Prague city strongly affects the transport links between rural centres. The traffic congestions and prolongation of the travel time significantly decrease the travel speed and increase energy consumption of commuting. These facts have a negative impact on competiveness of public transit to compare with private car transport. 10 suburban settlements were selected for the purposes of fuel consumption investigation and for travel speed assessment. The authors have focused on the journeys carried out during the morning peak hours of ordinary working days when the transport demands are saturated. The obtained results have proved significant benefit of fuel savings associated with the public transit usage to compare with private car usage. But on the other hand, there is a low competitiveness of public transit in the field of travel time.


Different metals are increasingly used to manufacture implants, especially in the field of dentistry. Metallic implants of titanium are used therapeutically in biomedicine because of their high corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility when compared to more conventional stainless steels and cobalt-based alloys. However, no metal or alloy is completely inert. Thus the aim of the present study was to determine the histopathological and immuno-histochemical effects in some target organs of adult male albino rats induced by titanium exposure. This work was carried out on two groups: control group which included 10 rats and treated group which included 20 rats that received intraperitoneal injection of suspension of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day for 45 days. Samples of liver, spleen, kidney, and lung were processed for histological examination. Cryostat sections of spleen samples from each group were stained with common lymphocytic antigen (CLA) for lymphocyte detection. Results revealed histopathological changes in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney of the treated group. The CLA staining of the spleen in the treated group revealed toxic alteration within the spleen, indicating that the immune system may be affected and so interfering in the body defense mechanism.


dynamics of democratic transition in Taiwan with the way those same variables are operating in China today. The ultimate question we have sought to answer is huge in scope and consequence: Will political change in China follow (more or less) the logic of Taiwan's transition? My answer to this question is: No. There are, to be sure, some striking similarities between the two political systems. To begin with the obvious, both the societies share common language, culture, and history, and as Gilley notes, both political systems have their origins in the revolutionary politics of early-twentieth-century China. Both evolved and adapted under new forms of authoritarian rule after profound political traumas—for Taiwan, the retreat of the KMT to the island after its 1949 defeat by the Chinese Communist Party; for China, the mass bloodshed, political turmoil, and revolutionary upheaval of Mao Zedong's years. Following those periods of political turmoil, each system launched into a remarkable period of rapid economic growth that transformed society in Taiwan and is in the process of doing so in China. Rapid economic development had in Taiwan and is having in China many of the effects predicted by modernization theory: the growth of civil society and social and intellectual pluralism and the emergence of more liberal values, which place more of an emphasis on freedom and personal autonomy. These changes generated powerful internal pressures in Taiwan for democratic change, and they are beginning to do so in China, despite the continuing freeze on large-scale institutional reform ever since the demonstrations of 1989. However, the differences between the two transitions of Taiwan historically and China in the future are more decisive than the similarities. To appreciate this, I suggest taking a different slice in time than the economic development trajectory (1951–1986 in Taiwan, 1977–2012 in China) that Bruce Gilley


Robust fuzzy-based sliding mode tracking control designs are proposed for constrained robot systems with plant uncertainties and external disturbances. Structures of mechanical dynamics can be allowed to be completely unknown and the constraint surface to be perturbed by time-varying bounded uncertainties. Adaptive fuzzy systems are employed to approximate the behaviors of uncertain dynamics and the SMC algorithm is used to eliminate the effect of the time-varying perturbation. Simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and the tracking performance of the proposed control algorithm.


One of the strategic issues of marine potential management is the low quality of human resources of Marine society. This issue needs to be addressed through human resources development aimed at improving knowledge, changing attitudes and improving skills. This research aims to develop a strategy to increase human resources competency Group of fishery in Makassar. The sampling method used is nonprobability. Samples were taken using the formula Slovin with a 10% accuracy so that the samples were taken as much as 87 of 654 people. The research location is the city of Makassar chosen based on the consideration that in Makassar there are groups of processing and marketers of fishery results. The Data collected includes HR competence. Data analysis uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses.  The coordinates of IFAS and EFAS are in Quadrant IV which demonstrates the strategy of improving HR competence on GMP in the fishery processing group in Makassar City using the strategy of WT (Weaknesses – Treaths).


Abstract 4229

Background Cyclophosphamide (Cy) (2-7 g/m2) has been shown to be an effective regimen for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization in multiple myeloma (MM) patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, the optimal dose to be used, which maximizes HSC collection yields while minimizing febrile neutropenia and other toxicities, remains controversial. Two historical cohorts of MM patients who received G-CSF and Cy at dose of either 4g/m2 (Cy4) or 2g/m2 (Cy2) were compared.

Methods A total of 72 patients undergoing first mobilization with Cy and G-CSF at a single institution between June 2006 and December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The initial Cy4 patient cohort (n=35) was mobilized with Cy 4gm/m2 starting on Day 1 followed by G-CSF 10ug/kg/day starting on Day 7 and continuing until completion of apheresis. Beginning in Feb 2008, the Cy dose was reduced to 2gm/m2 and the G-CSF start date was moved to day 4 (Cy2 n=37). Apheresis was initiated at physician discretion based on patient specific factors. Minimal and optimal yield was defined as collection of ≥2 × 106 and ≥6-10 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg respectively. Prophylactic antibiotics were given for ANC <500 to reduce risk of febrile neutropenia.

Results Minimal cell dose required for ASCT (≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg) was achieved in 97% vs. 86.5% of Cy4 and Cy2 patients, respectively. Of the 5 patients failing to mobilize on Cy2, four of these subsequently mobilized adequately following G-CSF and plerixafor. Median number of apheresis collections required was significantly lower in the Cy4 patients (1 vs.3, p=0.0065). The proportion of patients collecting the minimal and optimal cell dose in 2 or fewer days of apheresis was 94% vs. 86.5% (p= 0.4304) and 77% vs. 35% (p=0.0004), in the Cy4 and Cy2 patients respectively. However, mobilization with Cy4 was associated with a significantly higher incidence of hospital admissions due to febrile neutropenia (40% vs. 5%, p=0.0005), which is what prompted the change from Cy4 to Cy2.

Conclusions Although Cy4 and Cy2 are both effective HSC mobilizing regimens, mobilization efficacy and toxicity vary greatly. Cy4 results in higher HSC yields requiring fewer apheresis procedures, but this benefit is offset by increased morbidity and hospital utilization. Based on the suboptimal results with Cy 4g/m2 and Cy 2g/m2 mobilization, newer mobilization strategies are clearly needed for MM patients. We are currently exploring a chemotherapy-free approach utilizing G-CSF +/- plerixafor, with the aim of optimizing HSC yields while minimizing toxicity and costs (apheresis collections, hospital utilization, etc.). In our current algorithm, all MM patients receive G-CSF at a dose of 10ug/kg/day, with a day 4 peripheral CD34+ cell count determining requirement for plerixafor on the evening prior to apheresis collection(s).

| | Cy 4gm/m2 + G-CSF n=35 | Cy 2gm/m2 + G-CSF n=37 | P Value |
|:-------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | --------- |
| % of Patients who achieved ≥ 2 ×106 CD34+ cells/kg in ≤ 2 days | 94% (33/35) | 86.5% (32/37) | P =0.4304 |
| % of Patients who achieved ≥ 6 × 106 CD34+cells/kg in ≤ 2 days | 77% (27/35) | 35% (13/37) | P =0.0004 |
| % of Patients who failed to collect ≥ 2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg | 2.8%(1/35) | 13.5% (5/37) | P =0.1998 |
| % of Patients who failed to achieve ≥ 6 ×106 CD34+cells/kg | 17% (6/35) | 37.8% (14/37) | P =0.0668 |
| Median (range) days of collection in all patients | 1 (1-6) | 3 (1-6) | P =0.0065 |
| % Patients hospitalized for febrile neutropenia | 40% (14/35) | 5% (2/37) | P =0.0005 |

Disclosures: Off Label Use: Cyclophosphamide is being used as off label use for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization.


ANY REAL MAN KNOWS WHO CHARLES ATLAS IS, THOUGH PERHAPS THE 97-POUND weaklings know him better. Easily recognizable to anyone who picked up a comic book in the fifties and sixties, Charles Atlas is the bronzed god who promises to transform weak boys into strong men. His well-known ad campaigns targeting insecure youths have come to epitomize the trivial commercialism in comic ads and junk culture, enticing readers willing to gamble a stamp on his "free" book. (1) Atlas is the lantern-bearer in trunks who can show you how to become a "new man." With a real-life physique that rivaled the muscle-bound superheroes throughout the comic books in which he appeared, Atlas has served as a symbol of male insecurity, an inspiration for bodybuilders and other muscle men, as well as a source of homoerotic fantasy (all perfectly woven together by Dr. Frank-N-Furter in The Rocky Horror Picture Show). But more than simply advertising his muscle-building regimen and selling fantasies, Charles Atlas's famous figure has become entwined with the cultural memory and experience of reading comics in general. His ads are metaphors of anxiety and metamorphosis, themes of both superhero comics as well as the lives of comic book readers; the figure of Atlas himself is a metonym for that reading experience. The transformation that Atlas advertised and still represents--from insecure child to confident hero, from vulnerable boy to physically imposing man, from unappealing wimp to desirable stud--is one that anthropologist Alan Klein has described, appropriately enough, as "comic book masculinity" (267). Masculine characters in comic books, Klein explains, "are so obviously exaggerated that they represent fiction twice over, as genre and as gender representation" (267). The Charles Atlas ads, in Klein's analysis, appeal to the young men who--like Superman shedding his alter-ego of Clark Kent--want to transform themselves from Wimp to Warrior. In the model of Atlas, bodybuilders become the embodiment of this sensibility, developing shells made of muscle to hide their insecurities behind an impressive physique. Of course, many insecure young men merely escaped into the fantasy--and not the physique--of superheroes. Novels that capture the experience of young comic book readers, like Michael Chabon's The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay or Jonathan Lethem's The Fortress of Solitude, demonstrate the desire for escape or transformation that Atlas so successfully tapped into. The anxiety addressed in Atlas's ads already existed in the superhero comics themselves, and his audience was primed for his message. Superheroes have long been dismissed as male power fantasies, but Klein is actually more interested in the bodybuilders who try to live out that fantasy than he is in the comic books that inspire them. Though Klein's use of the modifier "comic book" indicates the cartoonish nature of this masculine identity, writer Grant Morrison and artist Frank Quitely make the term literal in their 1996 comic book Flex Mentallo. With an eponymous protagonist who is a parodized version of the character from the Atlas ads, Flex is at once a critique of hypermasculinity in superhero comics and an unabashed billet-doux to the playful and imaginative nature of the unsophisticated early comics in which those ads appeared. While Klein's analysis suggests how comic books have served as an inspiration for the bodybuilders who bought into the spirit (if not the actual product) of the Atlas ads, Flex Mentallo offers an analysis of the stereotypical fan who actually remained a 97-pound weakling. Morrison and Quitely's story suggests that all comic fans, both wimps and warriors, can relate to the Charles Atlas ads. Saturated with homoerotic subtext, transvestite characters, and displays of male heterosexual insecurity, Flex complicates and confuses coherent readings of gender and sexuality. …


Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of etanercept (ETN) monotherapy compared with combination ETN and methotrexate (MTX) treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to MTX monotherapy. (The response was defined by the presence of Disease Activity Score-28 joint count (DAS28) ⩾3.2 or a combination of ⩾5 swollen joints, ⩾5 painful joints and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ⩾10 mm/h.) Methods: Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis taking MTX ⩾12.5 mg/week for ⩾3 months were included in this 16 week, randomised, open-label study. Patients were randomly assigned to either ETN (25 mg subcutaneous injection twice weekly) added to the baseline dose of MTX or ETN monotherapy. Results: 315 patients were randomised to ETN (n = 160) or ETN plus MTX (n = 155). The primary end point, DAS28 (4) improvement of >1.2 units, was achieved by 72.8% and 75.2% of patients treated with ETN and those treated with ETN plus MTX, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.658) between the two groups. The European League Against Rheumatism response criteria of good or moderate response was attained by 80.0% of patients in the ETN group and by 82.4% of patients in the ETN plus MTX group. American College of Rheumatology 20%, 50% and 70% response rates achieved by both groups were also similar: 71.0% v 67.1%, 41.9% v 40.1% and 17.4% v 18.4%, respectively. The rates of adverse and serious adverse events were similar between the treatment groups. Conclusion: Both the addition of ETN to MTX and the substitution of ETN for MTX in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had an inadequate response to MTX resulted in substantial improvements in clinical signs and symptoms and were generally well-tolerated treatment strategies for improving clinical signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.


♦ Fischer T, et al. Acad Emerg Med. 2007;14:1172-1175[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4].

There was an increase in the percentage of children with acute otitis media (AOM) who were prescribed antibiotics in emergency departments (EDs) between 1996 and 2005, according to a


After the introduction of the orchestra crescendo at the end of the 18th century by the ''Mannheim school,'' the ability to play the organ expressively like an orchestra was one of the organ builders' greatest concerns. Soon, both the wind swell and door swell came into fashion, and later another swell system, the crescendo wheel, was introduced. While both door swell and crescendo wheel can be successfully applied to all types of organ stops, the wind swell only works well with free reeds for tuning reasons. In this investigation, all three swell systems were measured on various instruments and compared to each other. In addition, two free‐reed pipes were measured at the Northern Illinois University using a laser vibrometer. The crescendo wheel was found to be most effective, and for frequencies around 2 kHz the increase in sound‐pressure level could be up to 50 dB between the softest and the loudest adjustment. The maximum dynamic range for the wind and the door swells is approximately 10 dB in the same...


Bile derived from monensin treated bile-fistula rats was analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Differences in proteins were observed for bands presumptively corresponding to transferrin, secretory-IgA and free secretory components after treatment with the ionophore. The results show that the secretion of proteins in bile is differentiated and asyncronous, confirming a polarity of the hepatocyte subcellular compartments.


Transaction-oriented database recovery has been a "solved problem" for at least 25 years since the introduction of the ARIES methods for logging and recovery. However, recent technological developments have urged the need for new software architectures that can better exploit the efficiency of modern hardware. In the context of recovery, new algorithms are required to effectively accommodate the exponential decrease in main-memory cost, the advent of flash memory, the rapid expansion into many-core CPUs, the ever-increasing capacity of magnetic disks, and, on the long term, the potential adoption of non-volatile memory. In our research, we evaluated a variety of new software techniques for efficient transaction-oriented database recovery, focusing on availability and architectural simplicity. The techniques presented here differ from most recent work in the field in which they aim to be hardware-agnostic, supporting different memory and storage configurations with the same software, as well as fully functional in comparison with traditional database systems, e.g., by supporting media recovery, index management, larger-than-memory datasets, and arbitrary access structures with structural modifications.


Background. Strains of Enterococcus have in recent years become one of the most frequent etiology factors in nosocomial infections, both in children and adults. The biggest threat are the strains resistant to glycopeptide and to high level aminoglycosides Objectives. Estimation of frequency of isolation and drug susceptibility of enterococci obtained from differen clin− ical samples from patients from University Teaching Hospital (UTH) in Wroclaw. Material and Methods. One thousand nine hundred thirty three (1933) strains of Enterococcus isolated from patients from different clinic of UTH were enrolled in this study. Frequency of isolation of enteroccocci in rela− tion to general number of strains (N = 12435) and in relation to Gram−positive bacteria (5581) collected in period 1.01.2006–28.02.2007 was determined. Susceptibility to ampicillin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, van− comycin and teicoplanin was estimated. Results. More than 2/3 of enterococci were isolated in pediatric wards. Highest number of strains was isolated from children from the Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation (23.6%), from Pediatric and Gastroenterology Hospital (20.6) and from adults from Gastroenterology Hospital (11.4%). Most frequently ente− rococci were obtained from stool and urine. Twenty strains were isolated from blood, 5 from cerebrospinal fluid and 11 strains from other physiological sterile fluids. Fiftheen strains were resistant to vancomicin, all of which belonged to the species E. faecium and were obtained from nephrology department patients (1 child and 14 adults). The percentage of HLGR strains reached 23,6% in the E. faecalis group and 40.3% in E. faecium group. E. fae− calis strains were more susceptible to to ampicillin (97,3% i 3,4% respectively) and less susceptible to doxycycline (28.0% i 67.6% respectively). Conclusions. Isolation of VRE strains from Nefrological Departments suggest necessity monitoring of glycopep− tide susceptibility among strains obtained as from urine as other clinical samples especially from stool (VRE col− onization) (Adv Clin Exp Med 2008, 17, 3, 259–268).


Recently, there have been a number of papers in the literature dealing with the calculation of Sp + Sx for quantum bound states. Here Sp is the momentum Shannon entropy -Sum 2fp*fp ln(fp) and Sx the position Shannon entropy -Sum 2 W(x)W(x) ln[W(x)] where W(x) is the wavefunction. In addition, a number of papers discuss how the difference between W(x) PopPop W(x) and [W(x) Pop W(x)] where Pop is the momentum operator indicates how quantum mechanics differs from classical physics. In this note, we try to consider instead the difference P(p) and P(x) and conditional probabilities P(p/x) and P(x/p). In particular, we note that P(p) and P(x) are identical for the classical statistical mechanical oscillator and the ground state quantum oscillator, but P(p/x) and P(x/p) are not. Furthermore, the difference between W(x) PopPop W(x) and [W(x) Pop W(x)] may be more related to conditional probabilities than to classical versus quantum issues. In other words, one could have two classical systems with the same P(p) and P(x) and different P(p/x) and P(x/p) as well. In addition, we argue that with nontrivial conditional probabilities, one should use P(x and p) when calculating Shannon's entropy. This leads to Sp + Sx + Integral dx W x d/dx W, where the last term, we argue, accounts for conditional probability. Interestingly, this last term is independent of W. We try to argue that it is proportional to < [ x, p] >. We also note that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for x and p is sometimes based on properties of Fourier transforms. In such a case, it seems that the classical statistical mechanical result also has a Heisenberg uncertainty principle. For the case of the oscillator ground state it matches quantum mechanics exactly and one can calculate variances of p and x in the same way, it seems.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention concerns method of treatment, alleviation and/or prevention of neurological state, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, involving administration of effective quantity of compound with formula I: . Also invention concerns application of compound of the formula I as neurotherapeutical, neuroprotective or antimyloid agent, pharmaceutical or veterinary composition for treatment, alleviation and/or prevention of neurological states, and compounds of the formula I on the following additional terms: (b) if R 3 , R and R' are H, and R 2 is (CH 2 ) 2 NR 9 R 10 , then both R 9 and R 10 are not ethyl or methyl; (c) if R 3 , R and R' are H, and R 2 is (CH 2 ) 2 NR 9 R 10 , then both R 9 and R 10 are not hydrogen or ethyl; (d) if R 3 , R and R' are H, and R 2 is NR 11 R 12 , then both R 11 and R 12 are not hydrogen; (e) if R 3 , R and R' are H, and R 2 is COR 6 , then R 6 is not H, OH or CH 2 Cl; (f) if R 3 , R and R' are H, and R 2 is not CH 3 or CH 2 Cl; (g) if R 3 , R and R' are H, and R 2 is HCNN R 9 R 10 , then both R 9 and R 10 are not H. EFFECT: efficient treatment, alleviation and prevention of neurological state. 24 cl, 14 tbl, 21 ex, 14 dwg


Nifedipine is first generation 1,4-dihydropyridine calcium antagonist. It is widely used drug for the treatment of hypertension and stenocardia. Nifedipine was synthesized by o-nitrobenzaldehyde, methyl acetoacetate and ammonium bicarbonate. The yield of reaction was 56.6%.


.In the present study, corrosive wear is investigated in cylinders of loco-: :motive, vehicle, tank and stationery diesel engines. Investigation was carried out in the field and under controlled laboratory conditions. Local fuels of different sulphur content and lubricating oils having different .total base number (TBN) were used. Wear was determined qualitatively by a. 'scanning electron microscope and quantitatively by bore dial guages and lubricating oil analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the range of local wear coefficients is considerably higher than .the international range. Wear rates for chrome plated liners are much 'smaller than that of cast iron liners. Simplelgeneralised relations for predicting the rate of wear as a function of oil TBN are proposed.


Objective To find out the status of the knowledge and attitude on AIDS among the freshmen from medical college,normal university and the university of technology and science for seeking to approach the health education of AIDS.Methods Using cluster sampling methods,5 940 students that from medical college,normal university and the university of technology and science were recruited to finish the self-response questionnaires anonymously.Results The average scores of AIDS-related knowledge and attitude in the three colleges were 20.58±3.08(Full marks is 27) and 9.18±3.02(Full marks is 14) respectively,the three groups had statistically significant differences(P0.001).More than 80% of the freshmen in the three schools had a good knowledge on AIDS spreading,while only more than 30% students knew the mosquito biting can not spread AIDS.In addition to sharing syringes,the importation of contaminated blood and pregnant mother can infect AIDS virus to her child during childbirth,the rate of right answer to other questions among the three schools also had statistically significant differences.More than 90% students considered that the AIDS patients or people infected with AIDS deserved sympathy and help,and most of the students were willing to shaking hands and sharing work tools with them,but there were still about 30% of the students thinking that they should be isolated.In addition to the attitude that towards the schoolmates were not significant,other differences among the three groups had statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusions Freshmen from different university have statistically significant differences in AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes.Health education on AIDS that based on the students' professional features should be carried out to satisfy their needs.


LI Ze-hou's aesthetics is outstanding representative of Chinese aesthetics mainstream position on"practical aesthetics" in the later period of 20th century.Inspects the development course of LI Ze-hou's practical aesthetics,has the important theory significance and the practice value to grasps the academic advancement of the 20th century Chinese aesthetics and constructs modern system of the 21st century Chinese aesthetics all.Looks over the LI Ze-hou's practical aesthetics development course,may subdivide three main stages: in the discussion of aesthetics between 1950s and 1960s,the preliminary foundation of LI Ze-hou's practical aesthetics;1980s,along with the debate of "in 1844 Economic Philosophy Draft manuscript",LI Ze-hou's practical aesthetics deepens unceasingly;1990s,in the"post-practical aesthetics" critique,LI Ze-hou's practical aesthetics marches into the reconsidering time.


Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a common disease manifestation in SLE patients. Ultraviolet-B irradiation (UVB) is well-known trigger of CLE; many lupus patients are photosensitive, and develop skin lesions following sun exposure.
 TWEAK, a TNF superfamily member, is a soluble cytokine that binds a sole signaling receptor, Fn14. TWEAK/Fn14 interactions are important in key biologic processes, including angiogenesis, cell death and inflammation, and are often upregulated during tissue injury. We found that MRL-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) lupus-prone mice deficient for the Fn14 receptor (Fn14KO) had markedly attenuated skin lesions following UVB irradiation, as compared to Fn14WT mice. Histologically, MRL/lpr Fn14WT mice had more keratinocyte apoptosis, degeneration of the basement membrane, and dermal inflammation. Further evaluation showed decreased infiltration of IBA-1+ macrophages, CD3+ T cells, and NGAL+ cells (neutrophils) in the skin of MRL/lpr Fn14KO mice. Depletion of macrophages in MRL/lpr mice using the CSF1R/fms kinase inhibitor GW2580 attenuated irradiation-induced tissue injury, confirming a pathogenic role for these Fn14-expressing cells in UVB-induced lesions. Several key chemokines (including MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β) were decreased following macrophage depletion and also differentially expressed between Fn14KO and WT mice, suggesting regulation through TWEAK/Fn14 signaling. Finally, both in vitro and in vivo, Fn14 was upregulated on dead and dying cells following irradiation, which can locally sensitize cells to the effects of TWEAK. Our data reveals important contributors to the pathogenesis of UVB-induced cutaneous lesions, and suggests a novel role for TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in skin disease.


Most of the organizations have recognized and realized the importance of coaching as a tool to increase the potential of the workforce in their workplace. At the same time, employers are aware of the need to implement coaching in improving the feedback environment within their organizations to improve employee performance. However, so far, the practice of coaching has been implemented as a single criterion without realizing the existence of communication gaps that have hindered individual career development. Little empirical research exists to identify the needs and existence of coaching communication as a helping behavioural between leaders and followers. Previous studies have shown that the element of communication as the indicator that should be taken under consideration in helping processes including facilitation, coaching and mentoring to help improve individual quality. It if found that the effectiveness of coaching process is contingent on this indicator.  The objective of this research paper is to better define the constructs of coaching communication and to develop a measure of the coaching communication scale.


In this paper, a numerical and analytical investigation of a Hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission concept is described in the context of fractional order. The model is an extension of the classical model to a fractional order. The existence, uniqueness, Hyers–Ulam-type stability, and numerical results are all discussed in the work. Lagrange's interpolation polynomial technique is used for the numerical outcomes. The proposed method has a high level of precision and a low computing cost. We observe that the numerical results for the fractional-order model also contain the dynamics of the previous integer-order model as a special case. Finally, numerical solutions are implemented for the fractional-order HCV model to demonstrate the results graphically.


OF THE DESCLOSURE A process for producing oxiie coated stainless steel having an oxide coating impregnated with an alkali metal silicate to improve resistance to wear. -marrrrcassassroora--This invention relates generally to improved surfaces of stainless steel, and more particularly to an improved black surface on stainless steel. The commercial demand for black or other dark-colored stainless steels to compete with other metals such as alumi num, brass and copper has increased considerably in recent years. Of special interest are processes which will afford the surface a black or other dark color finish that does not detract from the metallic appearance of the metal, i.e., a process which will not result in a surface which has a painted look. Black or other dark colors on stainless steel surfaces are normally produced by a variety of oxidation processes which provide a thick oxide of a black or dark hue. Various processes for producing such black surfaces have been well known for many years, but have had very little commercial application, particularly in the architectural field where the stainless steel is to be used out of doors. The reason for this lack of success is that the oxide films so produced are not sufficiently resistant to corrosion, abrasion or other service factors which tend to remove the coating. Attempts have been made to improve the coating by applying lacquers, waxes, oils and the like. However, none of these materials has provided anything approaching a stabilized or permanent coloring which will resist outdoor exposure, and in fact some of these sub stances actually inpair certain properties of the oxide coating. It is therefore a principal object of this invention to provide an improved process for producing a permanent, weather-resisting, dark oxide coating on stainless steel. A related principal object of this invention is to provide a stainless steel member which has on its surface a tightly adherent, dark, weather-resisting, permanent oxide coat


We define new higher-order Alexander modules An(C) and higher-order degrees δn(C) which are invariants of the algebraic planar curve C. These come from analyzing the module structure of the homology of certain solvable covers of the complement of the curve C. These invariants are in the spirit of those developed by T. Cochran in [2] and S. Harvey in [8] and [9], which were used to study knots, 3-manifolds, and finitely presented groups, respectively. We show that for curves in general position at infinity, the higherorder degrees are finite. This provides new obstructions on the type of groups that can arise as fundamental groups of complements to affine curves in general position at infinity.


SHiP is an experiment to look for very weakly interacting particles at a new to be constructed beam-dump facility at the CERN SPS. The SHiP Technical Proposal has been submitted to the CERN SPS Committee in April 2015. The 400 GeV/c proton beam extracted from the SPS will be dumped on a heavy target with the aim of integrat- ing 2× 10 20 proton on target in five years. A detector located downstream of the targe t, based on a long vacuum tank followed by a spectrometer and particle identifi cation de- tectors, will allow probing a variety of models with light long-lived exotic partic les and masses below a few GeV/c 2 . The main focus will be the physics of the so-called Hid- den Portals, i.e. search for Dark Photons, Light scalars and pseudo-scalars, and Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNL). The sensitivity to HNL will allow for the first time to pr obe, in the mass range between the kaon and the charm meson mass, a coupling range for which Baryogenesis and active neutrino masses could also be explained. Integrated in SHiP is an Emulsion Cloud Chamber, already used in the OPERA experiment, which will allow to study active neutrino cross-sections and angular distributions. In par ticular SHiP can distinguish betweeno? and ¯ o?, and their deep inelastic scattering cross sections will be measured with statistics three orders of magnitude larger than currently available.


The first example of a mononuclear boron dication has been prepared and isolated as the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) salt of its 2,2'-bipyridine complex. The compound [(HC(CMe)2(NC6F5)2(bipy)B][OTf]2 (1) was prepared by treatment of the β-diketiminate-supported boron bis(trifluoromethylsulfonate) [(HC(CMe)2(NC6F5)2B(OTf)2] (2) with 2,2'-bipyridine. The X-ray crystal structures of 1 and 2 were determined, and DFT calculations were performed on 1 and [(HC(CMe)2(NC6F5)2B]2+.


In this paper, we consider boundary value problems for the following nonlinear implicit differential  equations with complex order D +x(t) = f t,x(t),D +x(t) , ? = m+i?, t ? J := [0,T], ax(0)+bx(T) = c, where D + is the Caputo fractional derivative of order ? ? C. Let ? ? R , 0 < ? < 1, m ? (0,1], and  f : J ×R ? R is given continuous function. Here a,b,c are real constants with a+b  = 0.  We derive the existence and stability of solution for a class of boundary value problem(BVP) for  nonlinear fractional implicit differential equations(FIDEs) with complex order. The results are based  upon the Banach contraction principle and Schaefer's fixed point theorem.


PURPOSE: A stolen vehicle tracking support device, a system thereof, and a vehicle supporting the same are provided to quickly and accurately check the location of a vehicle by properly collecting location information of the vehicle. CONSTITUTION: If the signal strength of GPS(Global Positioning System) is less than a fixed value, a vehicle(100) computes location information based on a signal which a communication module receives, applies sensor information collected according to the operation of a sensor module to the location information or estimates the location information based on map information and sensor information collected by the GPS module before the fixed value of the signal strength. A stolen vehicle management unit(200) delivers the received location information to a control center or a public office.


ABSTRACT Objective: Pheochromocytomatosis is a rare cause of recurrent pheochromocytoma due to seeding of tumor cells at the time of adrenalectomy. The diagnosis can be difficult and a high degree of suspicion is required pre-operatively. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman with a long history of symptoms suggestive of recurrent pheochromocytoma that evaded diagnosis for many years. Methods: We describe the clinical course, diagnosis, and management. We also present a comprehensive review of the current literature. Results: Pheochromocytomatosis in our patient presented as multiple recurrent episodes of tachycardia and hypertension 15 years after left adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Diagnosis was evaded until complete hormonal evaluation confirmed biochemical evidence of catecholamine overproduction. Imaging revealed two sites of recurrence. Management included alpha-blockade followed by radio-guided surgery using 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy and a gamma probe. At surgery, ...


The NASA Flying Controls Testbed (FLiC) is a relatively small and inexpensive unmanned aerial vehicle developed specifically to test highly experimental flight control approaches. The most recent vers ion of the FLiC is configured with 16 independent aileron segments, supports the implementation of C -coded experimental controllers, and is capable of fully autonomous flight from takeoff roll to landing, including flight test maneuvers. The test vehicle is basically a modified Army target drone, AN/FQM -117B, developed as part of a collaboration between the Aviation Applied Technology Directorate (AATD) at Fort Eustis, Virginia and NASA Langley Research Center. Several vehicles have been constructed and co llectively have flown over 600 successful test flights , including a fully autonomous demonstration at the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) UAV Demo 2005. Simulations based on wind tunnel data are being used to further develop advanced controllers for implementation and flight test.


e14040 Background: HGNECs of the colon and rectum are uncommon with no standard treatment guidelines.

METHODS
We undertook a single institution IRB approved retrospective evaluation of patients (pts) with HGNECs of the colon and rectum from 1991-2010. 95 pts with histologically confirmed HGNEC with adequate follow up information for survival analysis were identified.

RESULTS
Median age of pts was 55 (range 34 to 89) and the median follow up was 12.5 months. 53% were male. Majority of the HGNECs had poorly differentiated and/or small cell histology (92.6%) while the remaining had large cell histology. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated positivity with chromogranin, synaptophysin and neuron specific enolase in 59%. 92.6% and 86.7% cases, respectively. Rectosigmoid was the most common primary site (55%) followed by the cecum (17%). Metastatic disease was present at diagnosis in 63% pts. Liver was the most common site of metastasis (92%) and was an isolated site of metastatic disease in 51% of pts. Pts with right sided tumors presented more often with metastatic disease at initial diagnosis (79%) compared to patients with left sided tumors (38%) and rectosigmoid tumors (58%), (p=0.046). Among pts with localized disease, 80% underwent resection of primary tumor. Distribution among stages I, II and III were 13%, 8% and 79%, respectively based on histopathologic and operative staging. Among the 28 pts who underwent surgery 6 underwent neo-adjuvant therapy, 17 underwent adjuvant therapy and 5 received both. Among pts with metastatic disease at presentation, 90% underwent first line palliative chemotherapy and 49% received second line palliative chemotherapy. Pts with localized disease had a median survival of 20.4 months and 5-year survival of 28%, while pts with metastatic disease had a median survival of 8.6 months.

CONCLUSIONS
This single-institution retrospective analysis suggests that HGNEC arising in the right colon may have a more aggressive biology compared to other sites in the colon and rectum, however even localized disease has a very low 5-year survival. Further evaluation of treatment patterns in this cohort may provide guidance on optimized treatment approaches in a poor prognosis group of pts.


Outbursts of collective violence are often (understandably) met by expressions of outrage or condemnation. 'How is it,' accounts muse, 'that ordinary people can commit such atrocities?' This article argues that an exclusive focus on the violent act can contribute little to our understanding. Instead, it seeks to elucidate the routine processes and actions that serve to render violence acceptable (even banal) as a mode of action. Exclusive identities and a powerful rhetoric of honour, pride, and shame persuade people that violence is either desirable or even necessary in a given context. Following Billig's account of banal nationalism, I argue that grasping these mundane day-to-day processes is essential for an understanding of collective violence. The article draws on research amongst caste-based movements in South India to support this argument.


Can we use digital tools to increase and deepen citizen participation in open and democratic policy-making processes? That is the main question this article aims to address. Today, there is a global effort to foster democracies through online digital tools. However, for many governmental officials and scholars it is still a challenge to decipher how online digital tools technically function and operate, what effects such tools have on the users of the platforms, and how it impacts the practices of governmental organizations and politics. In our view, practices of digital democracy deserve more governmental attention. Anno 2018, we already do our banking, tax-payment, and data sharing online. Nonetheless, our democracy remains decidedly analogue; the activity of casting a vote requires citizens to go the local polling booth, queue up, and tick a box on a paper voting slip. As such, the aim of this article is to shed more light on this new way of thinking about democracy in the digital era. Furthermore, we want to show the readership how in a time where there is growing disillusionment with the political institutions of advanced Western democracies, online tools provide new ways of involving citizens in political decision-making. Therefore, in this article we explore the possibilities of digital tools regarding citizen participation and democracy, and particularly, focus on how to manage these political experiments.


In Creative Nation, sport is distinguished by its almost complete absence, except as a competitor for sponsorship with 'cultural organisations', and in brief mentions as content for SBS Radio and Aboriginal community radio stations. Sport is not mentioned at all in the 2011 National Cultural Policy Discussion Paper, but in the ensuing policy, Creative Australia, is treated, with art and religion, as one of the 'great markers of culture' in which, distinctively, elite professionalism, amateurism and fandom/appreciation happily co-exist. This article reflects on developments in the Australian sport field over the last two decades, highlighting the management of elite-grass roots and public–private funding tensions, and relevant parallels in the arts field. It addresses the pivotal relationship between the sport and broadcast media fields, arguing that sport, as a Bourdieusian 'field of struggles', is an under-appreciated domain of national cultural policy in which different forms of capital collide and converge.


Literature, and sometimes other art, lays claim to a form of knowledge which is other than and transcends the given of the non-art world, but has affinities with religious and magical systems; the "perennial philosophy."' We might substitute "art" for "magic" in the following quotation from Paracelsus's De Occulta Philosophia without exaggerating the claims made on behalf of literary work: "Magic has power to experience and fathom things which are inaccessible to human reason. For magic is a great secret wisdom, just as reason is a great public folly." (quoted in Candish 1967:135). In the execution of literature, precision and secret knowledge become vital, its mystique is frequently impenetrable to non-initiates, the numinous is often evoked, or terror inspired as a means of defamiliarization. Just as in magic and religion, the emotional poles of love and dread are elicited: the invocatory text moves between them by a process analogous to sympathetic magic, while the incantatory text hypnotizes and renders the reader spellbound, lost in a labyrinth with unwinding print for clue. The form of knowledge to which literature has particularly laid claim reached its zenith in the occultism of the symbol, described in detail by John Senior in The Way Down and Out: Occultism in Symbolist Literature (1959), and briefly in William York Tindall's The Literary Symbol (1967). The occult symbolists like Rimbaud, Baudelaire and Yeats, learned their magic from such sources as Eliphas Levi's Dogme de la Haut Magie (1861), and claimed, with Villiers de l'Isle Adam, that "there is a secret connection between poetry and the ancient methods of magic [...]" both "evoke the hidden object by allusive words, never direct." (Adam, quoted in Tindall 1967:55). The overt occultism of the symbolists is however, merely an extension of the formulations by romantic writers such as we see in Whitman's "See, steamers steaming through my poetry.'2 Here language approaches the platonic ideal without passing through the middle phase of embodiment as the phenomenal. Apprehending the world as symbol, the poet recreates the act of perception through language alone.


Since 1977 the combination of pentazocine and tripelennamine citrate has become increasingly popular with drug addicts and is now a major problem in New Orleans, St Louis, Chicago, and other large communities, particularly in the central region of the United States.1-3When mixed, dissolved in water, and injected intravenously (IV), the combination, known as 'T's and blues,' has an effect similar to IV heroin. Though dosages are variable, an approximate range is 200 to 600 mg of pentazocine and 100 to 250 mg of tripelennamine citrate.2 We have seen 24 infants born to women who used this drug combination during pregnancy. Based on previous single case reports, a withdrawal syndrome was expected following passive addiction to pentazocine4-6; however, in two of the three previously described infants, there was additional drug use, ie, glutethimide5and propoxyphene hydrochloride,6which could also be the explanation for withdrawal symptoms. We report these 24 cases


The invention provides a JavaScript data access method based on an SQL template. The method has the advantages that a dynamic data access mechanism is achieved by providing a JAVASCRIPT data access class library and the SQL template technology; JAVASCRIPT data access based on the data access framework of the SQL template can be achieved, a fast data access method is achieved, the whole data access framework is simple in structure, cost of project local implementation and transplantation can be lowered effectively, and development efficiency is increased.


Received Aug. 22, 1983;revisionaccepted July 13, 1984. For reprints contact: Dr. Sven N. Reske, Institut Clin. Exp. Nuclear Medicine, UniversitAt Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 5300 Bonn 1, West Germany. regarded as a reference tracer for evaluation of free fatty-acid metabolism (13). A dual-tracer approach was chosen in order to establish intermediary tracer con version in an identical metabolic environment. Tissue uptake of both tracers was compared in heart, lung, liver, kidneys, and spleen in order to analyze tracer metabolism in tissues with highly variable free-fatty-acid metabolic rates (20). A pulse-chase-like experimental approach was used to evaluate I-PPA and PA tissue uptake ki netics and their subsequent metabolic conversion.


In 2000, highways in the U.S. had more than 250,000 roadway-rail crossings, according to the Federal Railroad Administration. As urban growth continues and more roads are built, this number will likely rise. Unless trains are rerouted, the building of new roads can delay rail traffic and movement of commercial goods. Once a road is complete, trains passing through the crossing can interrupt vehicle traffic, closing the new road for minutes at a time. These delays and interruptions cause congestion and air pollution, frustrating motorists, railroad workers, and train travelers alike. This article provides an overview of an innovative tunneling method used in Russia that could end these frustrations by employing soft-earth tunneling techniques to run a highway beneath a train track. The technique effectively negates the problems caused by the roadway-rail crossing points.


A rigid-flex composite retaining structure was constructed to reduce the earth pressure against retaining structure by increasing the displacement of soil-structure interface displacement,according to the large earth pressure against traditional rigid retaining structure.The test model of the rigid-flex composite retaining structure and the test process was presented.Model tests were performed for the displacement of the soil and the earth pressure acting against rigid-flex composite retaining structure on various thickness of flexible material(foam).The foam thickness factor affecting the earth stress and the soil-structure interface displacement was analyzed.The model test showed that the rigid-flex composite retaining structure was effective for reducing earth pressure.


Objective: To investigate the technique and effects of free condyle replantation in treating mandibular condylar process neck fractures.Methods: 17 joints with condylar process neck fracture of 15 patients were treated with the technique of reduction and fixation of free condylar process.Titanium fixation was applied.The patients were follow-uped through X-ray and clinical examination.Results: During the follow-up period of 1 to 5 years,primary wound heading was observed in all patients.No signs or symptoms of failure,including pain,click,or remarkable mouth open limitation were found in the reconstructed TMJ.But 2 of 15 cases had temporal branches of facial nerve injured and 1 was slight malocclusion.Conclusion: Replantation is simple,accurate,dependable and with less complication,which is suitable for treating condylar process neck fracture.


Abstract A minimal amount of information is known about how adolescents and emerging adults construe purpose and meaning in life, leaving many researchers to assume youth think about these constructs consistent with scientific understandings. In this preregistered study, we compared adolescent and emerging adult conceptions of purpose and meaning using directed content analysis. High school and college students were randomly assigned to write about purpose, meaning, or a control topic. Themes mentioned within the written samples did not significantly differ across purpose and meaning conditions, and this pattern did not significantly vary between adolescents and emerging adults. However, many who wrote about meaning mentioned purpose explicitly, suggesting nuanced differentiation. These findings can inform how purpose and meaning are studied and the development of future interventions.


Jiangha'e Railway is the north corridor and a trunk line to transport coal out of Xinjiang,connecting the coal lines at Santanghu Mine.According to the functionalities and goals of Jiangha'e Railway and on the basis of the mine planning and corridor technical standards,this paper analyses the alignment of lines and layout of stations,studies the general plan of coal lines at Santanghu Mine so as to allow the combination of the railway corridor with the coal lines in various coal mines to form a effective coal transport system.


Various safety gears and techniques are available in cars but save for the helmet, not much of safety gears have been introduced for the bike riders. Bike riders indulge in fatal accidents during their rides and race riders in spite of wearing the best safety gears get injured severely with spinal cord and chest being most vulnerable during the impact. Daily riders or race riders, accidents are inevitable. It's entirely upon us to equip ourselves with an additional safety gear for our own safety purposes. The project, safety inflation bag, provides the best solution to prevent injuries to spinal cord and chest. Here, a pneumatic actuator is used to inflate the air channels sewn inside the bag which provides protection for chest and spinal cord. This technique is implemented in a bag, as bag is most commonly used during bike rides. Be it for office goers or for riders on long trips, bag is necessary and fixating the safety gear inside the bag serves the rider than just for carrying items. It could save the life. It could prevent him from enduring critical injury to spinal cord or chest. During the time of impact, the pneumatic cylinder goes off, releasing the compressed air through the air channels pressed against chest and spinal cord thus inflating them at the right time to provide a solid balloon protection. This project could serve as the first step to a major safety innovation for bike riders.


The rapid evolution and deployment of WiFi technology creates a new environment where offenders can intercept and obtain sensitive information for use in the commissioning of further criminal activity. This paper explores how the law applies to and protects the wireless communications environment, with specific focus on the interception of WiFi data communications.


Abstract Introduction For medical students and residents completing the clinical portion of their training, clinical supervisors complete a large part of their learning assessment through the use o...


A key to the freshwater leeches (Hirudinoidea) of Canada and the bordering states of the USA is presented, together with notes on their important diagnostic features.


Our purpose is to enhance the field's understanding of the nature of community leadership, the psychological sense of community, and the spiritual dimensions of community life. We describe an action research community development project conducted in a low-income Catholic parish in Lagos, Nigeria, in Western Africa. After describing the community development process that resulted in the establishment of 40 small/street basic communities (SBCs), we report an evaluation study in which 70 SBC leaders were surveyed regarding (1) SBC background characteristics (socioeconomic and environmental conditions and statistical information), (2) the state of community life in the SBCs (spirit/sense of community, participation in activities, benefits of community life), and (3) challenges for the future (what SBC members and leaders can do to improve the community, problems influencing community development). We then reflect on the Lagos findings in light of leadership-for-community and spirituality frameworks developed in an action research project conducted in a Catholic parish in the United States. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This model was developed in matlab with I/O links to excel spreadsheets to add realistic and accurate sensor effects to scene generator or actual sensor/camera images. The model imports scene generator or sensor images, converts these radiance images into electron maps and digital count maps, and modifies these images in accordance with user-defined sensor characteristics such as the response map, the detector dark current map, defective pixel maps, and 3-D noise (temporal and spatial noise). The model provides realistic line-of-sight motion and accurate and dynamic PSF blurring of the images. The sensor model allows for the import of raw nonuniformities in dark current and photoresponse, performs a user-defined two-point nonuniformity correction to calculate gain and offset terms and applies these terms to subsequent scene images. Some of the model's capabilities include the ability to fluctuate or ramp FPA and optics temperatures, or modify the PSF on a frame-by-frame basis. The model also functions as an FPA/sensor performance predictor and an FPA data analysis tool as FPA data frames can be input into the 3-D noise evaluation section of the model. The model was developed to produce realistic infrared images for IR sensors.


In the first part we present a review of our results concerning the weakly nonlinear regime of the mirror instability in the framework of an asymptotic model. This model belongs to the class of gradient type systems for which the free energy can only decrease in time. It reveals a behavior typical for subcritical bifurcations: below the mirror instability threshold, all localized stationary structures are unstable, while above threshold, the system displays a blow-up behavior. It is shown that taking the electrons into account (non-zero temperature) does not change the structure of the asymptotic model. For bi-Maxwellian distribution functions for both electrons and ions, the model predicts the formation of magnetic holes. The second part contains original results concerning two-dimensional steady mirror structures which can form in the saturated regime. Based on Grad-Shafranov-like equations, a gyrotropic plasma, where the pressures in the static regime are only functions of the amplitude of the local magnetic field, is shown to be amenable to a variational principle with a free energy density given by the parallel tension. This approach is used to demonstrate that small-amplitude static holes constructed slightly below the mirror instability threshold identify with lump solitons of KPII equation and turn out to be unstable. It is also shown that regularizing effects such as finite Larmor radius corrections cannot be ignored in the description of large-amplitude mirror structures. Using the gradient method, which is based on a variational principle for anisotropic MHD taking into account ion finite Larmor radius effects, we found both one-dimensional magnetic structures in the form of stripes and two-dimensional bubbles when the magnetic field component transverse to the plane is increased. These structures realize minimum of the free energy.


Based on the theory of the chemical reaction and the Tixier Model, we established a time-varying function of the porosity of concrete. The function, which has taken the filling effect of the ettringite to the capillary porosity into consideration, can obtain the change of the porosity at different stages of the corrosion subjected to external sulfate attack. Numerical simulation is utilized to analyze the distribution of porosity and sulfate ion concentration inside the concrete at different moment of the corrosion.


Wildlife managers use flight initiation distance (FID), the distance animals flee an approaching predator, to determine set back distances to minimize human impacts on wildlife. FID is typically estimated by a single person; this study examined the effects of intruder number and orientation on FID. Three different group size treatments (solitary person, two people side-by-side, two people one-behind-the-other) were applied to Pied Currawongs (Strepera graculina) and to Crimson Rosellas (Platycerus elegans). Rosellas flushed at significantly greater distances when approached by two people compared to a single person. This effect was not seen in currawongs. Intruder orientation did not influence the FID of either species. Results suggest that intruder number should be better integrated into estimates of set back distance to manage human visitation around sensitive species.


To the Editor.— In the Sept 6, 1985, issue ofThe Journal, Dr Black1expressed major reservations about applying the scheme for predicting the outcome of hypoxic-ischemic coma suggested by Levy et al.2One important objection was that the scheme is based on retrospective data. Other serious methodological drawbacks are as follows: (1) The data analyzed in retrospect concern patients seen on occasion at three medical centers with different clientele and treatment strategies,3,4thereby making the possibility of interobserver variability very high. (2) The neurological findings are graded in a "worst to best" order and the greatest predictive weight is assigned to the response considered "best" at random examination time. However, any of the signs explored may be a facet of the orderly recovery. (3) The outcome categories are defined in the same way as are the end points of head trauma,5including eventual "dependency" on


Abstract The nickel phosphorous catalyst coating was studied on the E-glass fiber by electroless deposition using sodium hypophosphite as a reducing agent in alkaline medium. The effects of deposition time, deposition temperature, pH of the solution, and amount of stabilizer used in the solution on the coating efficiency were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The XRD indicates the presence of amorphous and crystalline phases of Ni and nickel–phosphorous (NiP). From TGA, it is evident that the NiP coating increases the thermal stability and magnetic properties of the glass fiber. The bath temperature of 80 °C, pH of 9 to 9.5, and stabilizer concentration of 25 g/l are optimum to get a good and uniform coating of NiP on glass fiber. Carbon nanotubes were successfully coated on NiP coated glass fiber at a temperature of 700 °C.


A novel,high speed electrospinning process,dual electrode mode electrospinning was developed.With coexistence of both positively and negatively charged nozzles,the electrospun fibers interact between nozzles,interconnect with each other,and are stretched on a movable collecting roll.By electrospinning the biodegradable polymer via the dual electrode mode process,a highly intertwined,mathematics mode was obtained.Moreover,the productivity was increased more than 10 times in comparison to that by using the conventional single electrode mode process,which is essential for commercialization of the electrospinning process.