In the computational advertising,how to return more relevant ad results for web query is a fundamental issue.Due to short web queries and the short ads which contains 15-20 bid phrases on average for each ad,it is very difficult to return the relevant ads meeting the need of users.In this paper,we propose a query expansion approach based on feature fusion to solve the problem.We use web search results initially returned for the query to create a pool of relevant documents.To avoid the topic drift of the normal query expansion algorithms based on simple feature and lack of semantic information,we compute the co-occurrence of expansion term and query term in the web search results with the traditional feature of TF and part-of-speech information.The result got on the authentic ads dataset shows that the query expansion approach based on multi-fusion can return more relevant ads.


Classical stability analysis consists of breaking the feedback loops one at a time and determining separately how much gain or phase variations would destabilize the stable nominal feedback system. For typical launch vehicle control design, classical control techniques are generally employed. In addition to stability margins, frequency domain Monte Carlo methods are used to evaluate the robustness of the design. However, such techniques were developed for Single-Input-Single-Output (SISO) systems and do not take into consideration the off-diagonal terms in the transfer function matrix of Multi-InputMulti-Output (MIMO) systems. Robust stability analysis techniques such as H∞ and μ are applicable to MIMO systems but have not been adopted as standard practices within the launch vehicle controls community. This paper took advantage of a simple singular-valuebased MIMO stability margin evaluation method based on work done by Mukhopadhyay and Newsom and applied it to the SLS high-fidelity dynamics model. The method computes a simultaneous multi-loop gain and phase margin that could be related back to classical margins. The results presented in this paper suggest that for the SLS system, traditional SISO stability margins are similar to the MIMO margins. This additional level of verification provides confidence in the robustness of the control design.


After the characteristics of intelligent service and smart library were described,the construction of intelligent service platform in smart library was elaborated from its logical and physical frameworks,and the problems that may be encountered in the construction of intelligent service platform in smart library were pointed out.


ummary
Allometric laws which scale numerous biomechanical and physiological processes to size in mammals have long been recognized and widely used in biology. There is now sufficient evidence to suggest that those life history parameters such as growth and maximum rates of reproduction, which depend in part on metabolic rate, are also scaled to size. Data are presented which, coupled with a literature review, show that gestation time, growth rates, age at first reproduction, lifespan, the intrinsic rate of natural increase, birth rate, net reproductive rate and litter weight are allometrically scaled to size and are, in consequence, inter-related. The exponents of the scaling functions are similar in all mammalian orders but in some taxa such as the primates, the species grow slower, live longer and reproduce at a lower rate. For these taxa the differences in life history parameters can be explained by differences in brain size and an existing hypothesis that the maximum rate of neural tissue growth constrains the maximum rate of growth and development of the entire organism.

It is then argued that because size scales the main life history parameters of mammals it should also be a central theme in ecology from the individual to the community level of organisation. Examples are presented to show that size is ubiquitous in ecology and accounts for most of the variation in life history parameters between species. Size scaling offers a method of reducing species of varying size to similar dimensions of time, space and rates of action. It is therefore fundamental in distinguishing those life history parameters which arise as a consequence of size, the first order strategies, from those that vary between populations and according to environmental circumstances, the second order strategies. From this approach should develop a broader biological synthesis in which genetic and physiological determinants will inevitably feature more centrally than they do in ecological and behavioural theory.

Resume
Les lois allometriques unissant les processus biomecaniques et physiologiques avec la taille chez les mammiferes ont ete reconnues depuis longtemps et largement utilisees en biologic Il y a maintenant assez de certitude pour suggerer que les parametres biologiques tels que croissance et taux maximal de reproduction, qui dependent partiellement du rendement metabolique, sont aussi fonctions de la taille. Les donnees presentees ici, couplees avec une revue de la litterature, montrent que la duree de gestation, le taux de croissance, l'âge a la premiere reproduction, la duree de vie, le taux intrinseque d'accroissement naturel, le taux de natalite, le taux de reproduction net et le poids de la portee sont en relation allometrique avec la taille et, par consequent, sont en interrelation.


The current COVID-19 pandemic was a huge shock, influencing a wide range of socioeconomic measures, including the environment. The issue of how the uncertainty caused by pandemics will influence environmental quality is critical. This research examines the nonlinear relationship between pandemic uncertainty and environmental quality across leading polluted emerging economies (China, India, Russia, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey). Using data ranging from 1996 to 2020, a distinctive approach, 'Quantile-on-Quantile', is used. Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) are adopted as a proxy for environmental quality. The outcomes analyze how pandemic uncertainty's quantiles influence the quantiles of GHG asymmetrically, giving an efficient paradigm for grasping the entire dependence structure. The findings show that pandemic uncertainty improves environmental quality by decreasing GHG in our sample economies at diverse quantiles. Higher levels of GHG (75th–90th quantiles) suggest a strong negative association between pandemic uncertainty and GHG in the majority of nations. The magnitude of the coefficients helps to explain why pandemic uncertainty has a significantly greater impact on GHG in Mexico and Turkey (with a coefficient size of −2) compared to Russia, India, and South Africa, where the effect is considerably smaller (with a coefficient size of −0.05). Furthermore, the rank of asymmetry in our chosen variables fluctuates by nation, underscoring the prominence of governments exercising caution and prudence while implementing pandemic-based uncertainty and environmental quality measures.


Environmental sustainability become a prominent and unending issue in the third world
economic countries such as Malaysia. Although, "green" and "go green" concepts were
emphasized by academicians and practitioners to explain the need to save the earth but
environmental consciousness is remain at beginning stage. Therefore, the purpose of this study
is to determine green buying behaviour among undergraduate students using environmental
awareness or concern and marketing effectiveness as independent variables and intention as a
mediator. Total 375 usable questionnaires were used for the purpose of analysis. Our findings
support the influence of environmental awareness and marketing effectiveness on the intention
and influence of intention on buying behaviour. Similarly, environmental awareness and
marketing effectiveness mediated by intention on buying behaviour. The results of this study
can be used by public and marketers to encourage pro-environmental behaviours. The
recommendation, limitation and conclusion are then discussed at the end of the paper


Incorporation of uracil or UDP into RNA does not take place in Escherichia coli arg− RCstr in absence of arginine. Canavanine, a structural analogue of arginine, partially reestablishes RNA synthesis.

In the strain E. coli arg− RCrel where RNA synthesis takes place in absence of arginine, canavanine shows inhibition. RNA synthesis will start again in this strain, if canavanine is removed from the culture medium. The presence of chloramphenicol together with canavanine suppresses the inhibitory effect of the latter upon RNA synthesis.

In both arg− strains RNA synthesis will proceed, if nucleoside triphosphates are furnished to the bacteria. Canavanine has no effect on the utilisation of nucleoside triphosphates.

The experiments reported suggest that canavanine acts upon the triphosphonucleoside kinases which appear to be inhibited by this arginine analogue in the relaxed strain.


The present invention provides a method of inhibiting CAK, the method of this CAK of formula (I): [Formula 1] Comprising contacting a compound, wherein: X is N or = C; Y, when X is N, be a = C; Y, when X is = C, is N ; ring a, together with X, 5 to 7 membered be monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic aromatic or non-aromatic ring; of Z ## STR2 ## And a, where: n is 0 or 1; W is O or S; V is -NH-; The present invention also provides compounds useful in inhibiting CAK, and the compounds and compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The present invention also provides a method of treating a CAK-mediated diseases and fungal infections.


Abstract This paper reassesses the maritime Southeast Asian forest and marine commodities trade from the sixteenth century to World War I. The 'Macassan' traders who visited northern Australia were primarily from Makassar and southern Sulawesi (including Bugis, or Bajau and Sumbawan immigrants) and the Lesser Sunda Islands (to where these ethnic groups had migrated) but also included the Indigenous Australians who accompanied them on their voyages. Research into other ethnic groups (Chinese, Makassar-Malay, Seram Laut Islanders, Solorese and Timorese mariners) also associated with both northern Australia and the maritime Southeast Asian forest and marine trade suggests that they be included in the 'Macassan' group. Analysis of historical sources for the late nineteenth–early twentieth century Macassan trepang (sea cucumber) industry in north Australia demonstrates that perahu spare cargo capacity was filled with additional commodities when the trepang harvest was low, ensuring voyage profitability. Comparison of the maritime Southeast Asian trade with ethnographic, archaeological, historical, and linguistic evidence in northern Australia, suggests that 20 commodities were likely to have been exported from the latter, seven of which have never before been mentioned in the literature. Mapping of the Macassan routes transporting the 20 commodities shows that northern Australia was connected to a vast network of maritime Southeast and East Asian trade with global reach. The importance of these findings for Asian contact archaeology in northern Australia is threefold: (1) archaeologists should look beyond ceramic provenance, metal, and glass to seek material and chronological evidence for the extraction and processing of a wider range of forest and marine commodities; (2) evidence for the extraction of particular commodities might be a proxy for age estimation of a site; and (3) the origins of introduced material culture will reflect its East, South, and Southeast Asian and, ultimately, global connectivity.


Fires played a central role in medieval communities, whether they were licit, as in annual communal rituals, or illicit, and fires could draw communities together in protest or celebration as well as in creating boundaries between feuding parties. Arson attacks were open and public demonstrations of discontent, at the root of which could lie inter-personal disputes, including feuds, as well as wider social protest and revolt. Incendiarism was therefore a very public crime affecting whole communities, which drew these communities into the dialogue between the arsonist(s) and their victim(s). This article examines some aspects of the relationship between arson and communities, as well as the role of arson in the reification of certain communal bonds.


Objective: To study the effectiveness of dynamic orthoses on functional improvement and quality of life of pe- ople with disabilities. Material and method: We carried out a study with 40 acquired brain injury patients. The injury was due to va- rious reasons, mainly to stroke. After an initial assessment, custom-fitted dynamic orthoses were produced for each patient. We set the use of it for a period of three months for daytime wear. After completing treatment we proceeded to a second assesment. We used a methodology that considers control and experimental group. The scales used were the Fugl -Meyer Assessment Scale and the Wolf Motor Function scale. The average time for assessment for each user is approximately one hour. Results: In the assessment after treatment with orthoses, significant differences in all subjects regardless of whether they belonged to the control group or the experimental group were found. Although, no significant differences between groups were appreciated, finding improvements in both of them. Conclusion: Treatment with dynamic orthoses in people that have suffered brain damage improves symptoms of it. However, it is difficult to determine whether the improvement is due to the use of orthoses or to the evo- lution of the disease.


The production function term was defined for the first time in 1894, by P. Wicksteed, in his work An essay on the Coordinations of the Laws of Distribution, published in London. For calculation, three decades later, Cobb and Douglas used the model Y = A(K,N), considering Y - the output of the production, K - the volume of the capital factor and N - the volume of the hired labour factor. In the present material we stopped upon the discussed output and elasticity. The average output of a production factor equals the differential output, if the differential output of the other production factor equals zero. The elasticity of the substitution norm shows with how many percents the substitution norm of the factors grows if K/N increases with one percent.


The purpose of this paper is to review the issue of
suburban townhouse developments in view of recent findings
about housing design and crime. Providing its inhabitants
with a sense of security from crime is one of the most
important functions of any housing environment.


Very high-lying vibrational levels of the 1g∼1 1Πg electronic state of K2 have been observed in a photoassociation experiment using an ion detection scheme. The photoassociation measurements have been treated together with laser induced fluorescence data recorded by Fourier transform spectrometry to construct a pointwise potential curve for this electronic state. Several vibrational levels were observed by both techniques, so the dissocation energy can be deduced without extrapolation, from the sum of binding energies measured in photoassociation and vibrational energies established with respect to the potential minimum (defined by the fluorescence data), giving De=1290.292±0.002 cm−1 (1 standard deviation). The potential curve reproduces over 2000 term values (up to v=138) with a root mean square error of 0.0025 cm−1. Nevertheless, small differences are found between the rotational constants generated from the potential curve and the effective rotational constants deduced from binding energy measurements...


A forward error correction (FEC) and unity-rate coded (URC) autoencoder (AE)-assisted communication system is proposed for the first time, which relies on soft iterative decoding for attaining a vanishingly low error probability. The AE-demapper is specifically designed for directly calculating the extrinsic logarithmic likelihood ratios (LLRs), which can be directly entered into the URC decoder for soft iterative decoding. This avoids the potential degradation due to the conversion of symbol probabilities to bit LLRs. A comprehensive capacity analysis of the AE is performed, which demonstrates the capacity advantage of the AE-aided constellation design over its conventional quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)/ phase shift keying (PSK) counterpart. Furthermore, we carry out its EXtrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) chart analysis, which indicates that as a benefit of our URC, the EXIT curve always reaches the [1,1] point of perfect convergence, leading to a vanishingly low error probability. More explicitly, our bit error ratio (BER) and block error ratio (BLER) results demonstrate that the proposed FEC-URC-AE system achieves significant iterative gains both in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh channels, outperforming both its model-based FEC-AE and its conventional coded QAM/QPSK counterparts.


Keilin (1925) first described the cytochromes in a wide variety of whole tissues from animals and plants. Yakushiji (1935) and Okunuki (1939) later studied the distribution of several cytochromes in higher plants, and, in particular, in algae, from which Yakushiji (1935) extracted cytochrome c. Mann (1938) found that the haematin of nonphotosynthetic plant tissues is largely concentrated in the meristematic zones. From the disrupted cotyledons of germinating Phaseolu8 seeds, Hill & Bhagvat (1939) and Bhagvat & Hill (1951) sedimented particles which contained a cytochrome system (cytochromes a, b and c) analogous to that found in heart muscle and yeast by Keilin (1925). Hill & Scarisbrick (1951) extended this work and described cytochrome f, which occurs only in chloroplasts. Another haem protein, called cytochrome b3, was found by these workers in the press juice ofmacerated leaves and in non-photosynthetic tissues. Hill (1954) found cytochrome b6 in chloroplasts from etiolated barley. LundegArdh (1954 a, b) has observed in bundles of wheat roots yet another pigment, cytochrome dh, which he considers to be identical with plant succinic dehydrogenase. Both Vernon & Kamen (1954) and Chance & Smith (1955) have described a number of haem pigments occurring in photosynthetic bacteria. The haem proteins occurring in plant tissues are thus fairly well described in terms of their spectroscopic properties, but there is much less information concerning their localization and function in plant cells. Cytochromef (Davenport, 1952; Davenport & Hill, 1952; LundegArdh, 1954a) and cytochrome b,6 (Hill, 1954) both probably act as hydrogen acceptors in the photosynthetic pathway for oxidation of the reduced products formed during the photolysis of water by chloroplasts. The complex of cytochromes a, b and c observed by Bhagvat & Hill (1951) is typical ofmitochondria and sarcosomes from animal tissues in which these haem pigments function as hydrogen acceptors during oxidation of succinic acid (see Chance, 1952; Keilin & Slater, 1953; Morton, 1955a). Martin & Morton (1955) found that microsomes isolated from beet petioles contained a pigment apparently identical with cytochrome b3 of Hill & Scarisbrick (1951), and showed that this haem protein is associated with a cyanide-insensitive pathway for enzymic oxidation of reduced diand tri-phosphopyridine nucleotides. In this paper, the term cytochrome b3 (M. & M.) refers to the microsomal cytochrome of Martin & Morton (1955), and the term cytochrome b3 (H. & S.) to the pigment observed by Hill & Scarisbrick (1951). This paper reports further studies of the haem compounds of plants, particularly of the cytochromes associated with cytoplasmic particles. Whereas cytochrome b is associated with the mitochondria, cytochrome b3 (M. & M.) is almost entirely localized in the microsomal particles. Cytochrome b is intimately associated with the succinic dehydrogenase system of plants. Cytochrome dh has not been detected in enzymically active mitochondria isolated from developing wheat roots and other plant tissues.


This study examines the psychological and social aspects of the transition to motherhood by primiparous women, including care received, in two regions of suburban Melbourne, Australia. Two hundred and thirteen women were recruited from antenatal clinics in the regions and completed questionnaires at 24 weeks gestation, six weeks, four months and nine months postpartum. Maternal child health nurses were also asked to complete questionnaires on services in their region. Rates of distress decreased over time in the eastern affluent established region, but increased in the western rapidly developing region. For women in both regions, satisfaction in their relationship with their partners decreased. A previous history of mental illness, lower social integration and cultural background were predictors of distress. Nurses in the west reported high stress and less satisfaction from their clientele. Results highlight the need for health planning related to childbirth in developing regions. (author abstract)


Sacroiliac complex injury is becoming more and more common with the development of transportation. Sacroiliac complex is composed by the sacrum,bilateral iliacs and soft tissue,which is a key position for the load- transferring of trunk and lower limbs. Considering its complicated anatomical features,its fixation requires high stability and safety. The selection and placement of sacroiliac screws will directly affect patients' postoperative curative effect. The review focuses on the imaging diagnosis of sacroiliac screws,screw channel selection and biomechanical research.


This article presents the variety of types of crises in human society. The reader is briefly introduced to the essence and content of the concept of crisis, as well as the concept of the human security, which emphasizes that in addition to traditional security threats, the world nowadays faces a number of modern forms of global threats. The crises caused by military conflicts; crimes against humanity; usage of weapons of mass destruction; terrorism and organized crime; natural crises and environmental degradation; economic crises and poverty; social crises; health and infectious disease crises; crises caused by globalization and by a change in the value system and morality of people; political and governance crises are presented in more detail in order to fully achieve the informative goal of the article.


Authors demonstrate numerically the magnification of subwavelength field pattern using a wire medium slab operating in the canalization regime. The magnifying slab is implemented by radially enlarging the distance between adjacent wires, and the operational frequency is tuned to coincide with the Fabry-Perot resonance condition. The near-field pattern of a complex-shaped source is canalized over an electrical distance corresponding roughly to three wavelengths (3λ), and the pattern details are magnified by a factor of 3. The performance is also studied at several frequencies deviating from the one of the Fabry-Perot resonance.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a network device and a network device power supply control method that can minimize an increase in cost and an increase in installation space of a plurality of network devices on the whole even when the network devices are not concentrically installed. SOLUTION: Electric power superposed on data transmitted from a feeder system such as a hub through a network cable 3 is received and electric power from a general commercial power source is received; if one of the power sources is disconnected for some reason, continuous operation is carried on by using the other power source. The total cost and installation space is then greatly reduced as compared with the case wherein UPSs are used for the plurality of network devices respectively. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


Abstract  There has been only one other case of endoventricular circular patch plasty performed in conjunction with aortic valve replacement reported in the literature. We present the unique case of a patient suffering from congestive heart failure due to both post‐infarct aortic regurgitation and ventricular aneurysm along with his successful surgical treatment.


The objective of this study was to investigate shallow groundwater transport of nitrate and herbicides to a stream in an agricultural catchment. Nitrate and some herbicide concentrations were monitored in shallow groundwater and stream water of the Kervidy catchment (5 km 2 ) located in French Brittany. Also, flow and the nitrate transport from groundwater to the stream were modelled. Results indicate that groundwater in the saprolite is a major store of nitrate due to relatively long hydrological residence times (up to three years). Also, some of the herbicides, particularly the triazines, moved rapidly through the soil to the groundwater suggesting that herbicides can be routed through the soils to the stream as groundwater discharge.


Analysis of periodic structures in time domain is an increasingly important tool in the design of a wide range of novel structures. Time Domain Integral Equation based methods provide an accurate means of solving transient periodic problems, but require costly convolutions that scale as O(Nt2Ns2), where Nt and Ns are the temporal and spatial degrees of freedom. This work proposes a fast method for effecting convolutions with the periodic Green's function that scales as O(Ns Nt log2 Nt). The method relies on a temporal Floquet expansion of the periodic Green's function that is accelerated in space using the O(Ns) method of Accelerated Cartesian Expansions and in time using an O(Nt log2 Nt) blocked FFT scheme.


The optimized distance between skegs and angle of the skeg for a standard twin-skeg type LNG carrier were presented using the CFD and model tests. The evaluation method of self-propulsion performance was derived based on the results of CFD and confirmed the validity through model tests. The analyses to assess self-propulsion performance using CFD were shown by flow line patterns on the skeg surface, nominal wake distribution in the propeller plane and the evaluation for flow balance around stern skegs. The optimized ship that was applied to the optimized two design parameters in stern skeg arrangement for target ship was derived in this work. Finally speed performance of mother ship which is existing ship and optimized ship were compared through CFD and model tests. And the usefulness about the evaluation method of self-propulsion performance was reconfirmed.


In this article, we study Hayman's differential equation where the k j are constants and give a new proof for Chiang–Halburd's results regarding this.


Cloud computing and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) have been leveraged in building Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks because of their ability to reduce cost and to provide elastic and resilient services to rapid-growing IoT devices. In this paper, we propose a novel model to track the impact from placement strategy changes to the cost and the availability of deploying VMs of a Virtual Network Functions (VNF). With our model, the unit resource cost increases as there is less resource left on a host. Putting VMs on the same host takes up more resources of the host but saves network bandwidth cost because of co-location. When enforcing anti-affinity for placing VMs on different hosts, experimental results show increases of both availability and inter-host network bandwidth cost, but varying trends of total costs considering other resources.


EnglishMicro-insularity is often marked by a singular biodiversity in regards to its composition and its dynamics in comparison to the neighboring and largest islands or the continent; Cavallo Island follows this rule. I explored this island in mid-March 2014 focusing on the family of Orchidaceae. / revealed here an astonishing abundance of the species Gennaria diphylla, and l estimated that the total number of indi viduals is comprised between 3210 and 5350 in this island. Another surprise is that the species grows two new habitats of open area for this species, the first one corresponding to beaten earth floor and the second in a curious coexistence with hottentot-fig (Carpobrotus edulis), which is one of the main invasive species in the Mediterranean coasts. Several hypotheses are proposed to explain this micro-insular abundance (particular biotic interactions, lack of herbivory and destruction by wild boars, low human impact, local adaption in two new hab itats, synergy among these different factors). With two thirds of individuals of G. diphylla at the national scale, the conservation of its popu- lations in Cavallo Island has a huge patrimonial responsibility. However, this island being almost totally private and outside the natural reserve, this regionally protected orchid species is cer tainly the one with the least control and the least possibility of management by the French State. Thus, an ecological restoration project on this island would be very relevant for the conser vation of this rare orchid and of its populations adapted to two hitherto unknown habitats. francaisLe milieu micro-insulaire est souvent marque par une biodiversite singuliere dans sa composition et sa dynamique en comparaison de celle des iles plus vastes ou du continent voisin ; l'ile de Cavallo ne deroge pas a cette regle. Cette ile a ete exploree a la mi-mars 2014, avec un focus ici sur sa flore en orchidees. Cette prospection orchidophile a revele une etonnante abondance de l'espece Gennaria diphylla, dont l'effectif total sur l'ile de Cavallo est estime entre 3 210 et 5 350 individus. Non moins surprenant, deux nouveaux habitats de milieux ouverts ont ete mis en evidence pour cette espece, le premier correspondant a des zones de terre retournee et nue et le second etant marque par une curieuse coexistence avec les griffes-de-sorciere (Carpobrotus edulis), une espece envahissante majeure des cotes mediterraneennes. Plusieurs hypotheses sont proposees pour expliquer cette abondance micro-insulaire : interactions biotiques particulieres, absence d'herbivorie et de destruction par les sangliers, faible impact humain, adaptation locale a deux nouveaux habitats, synergie entre ces divers facteurs. Avec environ deux tiers des individus de G. diphylla a l'echelle de la France, la conservation de ces populations sur l'ile de Cavallo revet une tres forte responsabilite patrimoniale. Cette ile etant cependant pratiquement entierement privee et en dehors de la reserve naturelle proche, il s'agit surement la de l'espece d'orchidee en protection regionale pour laquelle l'Etat francais a le moins de controle et de possibilite d'inter vention. Ainsi, un projet de restauration ecologique sur cette ile serait tres pertinent pour la conservation de cette orchidee rare et celle de ses populations adaptees a deux habitats inedits.


Origin and kinship of some hybridogeneous species in the genus Stipa L. (Poaceae) are discussed. A new hybridogeneous section Stipa sect. Hybridogena Tzvelev sect. nova and a new hybridogeneous species S. baktashevae Tzvelev sp. nova (from Republic of Kalmykia) are described. Species of the new section have originated from hybridization of S. lessingiana Trin. et Rupr. with species of type section; they are probably: S. fallacina Klokov et Ossyczn. = S. lessingiana × S. zalesskii Wilensky, S. baktashevae = S. lessingiana × S. borysthenica Klokov ex Prokudin, S. majalis Klokov = S. lessingiana × S. pulcherrima K. Koch.


The structure factors of 98 independent reflections have been determined by measurement of the integrated intensities for X-ray diffraction from a zinc single crystal at 295 K. The mean square vibration amplitudes found for the two principal directions are' compared with 'other recent measurements. The X-ray Debye temperature determined from the data' is 207 ± 3 K at 295 K.


Although mean size provides a useful value for characterizing sediments, it is an inadequate expression of the interaction between sediments and hydraulic regimes and many authors have explored the significance of other statistical moment measures in different parts of the particle size spectrum. Few publications, however, have described such relationships over a very wide range of particle sizes. Using a combined data base (of marine and lacustrine sediments) we have been able to demonstrate the following:

The distributions of standard deviation (and entropy) values are repeated in similar form on either side of the sand size class, describing mixtures between sands and gravel and sands and clay.

Skewness is modified by the hydraulic response of the sediment and a skewness divide is present at about 2.7 φ, where it coincides with the minimum shear velocity required to initiate particle motion. This divide may be used to distinguish between high and low energy regimes.

Kurtosis, like standard deviation, is a measure of the mixing of end member populations but it is more sensitive to changes in the tails of distribution curves. The maximum positive peak of kurtosis, at about 2.5 φ, lies close to the skewness divide (in our data).

By using skewness/kurtosis plots it is possible to define separate field distribution for sediments which, to a greater or lesser degree, appear to conform to hydraulic equilibrium.

By using sediments which are close to equilibrium (and lie at or close to our skewness/kurtosis boundary curves, it should be possible to define hydraulic shear velocities, at the time of formation. Values may be established by empirical relationships or by defining the break-point (traction and intermittent suspension) between linear components of individual sample φ size/probability distribution plots. Such relationships should be enhanced by using hydraulic equivalent diameters instead of sieve diameters.

In fine sediments, the use of fractional (silt: clay) ratios offers sensitivity at a level comparable to that of skewness/kurtosis plots and may be more easily computed.


To study the power propagation of wind turbines in the doubly-fed unit and the output power oscillation characteristics of the doubly-fed unit after transformation. Firstly, the damping of the doubly-fed unit was changed when the wind velocity was lower than the rated wind velocity and higher than the rated wind velocity respectively, considering the tower shadow effect and wind shear, and the oscillation characteristics of the output power of the doubly-fed unit were studied. Finally, modeling and simulation were carried out on PSCAD/EMTDC platform. Through the analysis of power fluctuation and spectrum change of the unit, it is concluded that when the wind turbine input wind velocity is greater than or less than the rated wind velocity of the unit, the wind turbine power through the doubly-fed unit has different effects on the output power oscillation characteristics of the unit. The output power oscillation characteristics of doubly-fed units are different with and without the tower shadow effect and wind shear. When the doubly-fed unit is negatively damped and the tower shadow effect and wind shear are taken into account, the output power of the unit contains both low-frequency and sub-synchronous oscillations, and the magnitude and frequency of the oscillation components are related to the control parameters of the unit.


Abstract Moisture migration is considered to be one of the most important influencer on crop quality during storage, which is easily affected by storage conditions, such as ambient humidity and temperature. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of storage condition on moisture content of Chinese naked oat by simulating 9 equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) and 5 temperatures. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of dry sample was achieved by adsorption, while EMC of wet one was achieved by desorption. EMC of oat increased with the increase in ERH and decreased when temperature increased. The sorption isotherm was a typical "S" shape and fitted using current EMC/ERH models. Modified Chung–Pfost (MCPE) model was the most suitable for describing the dynamic sorption process of Chinese naked oat during storage with a ERH range from 10% to 90%. There was an obvious hysteresis between adsorption and desorption isotherms, whose range decreased with the increase of temperature. High temperature accelerated moisture migration by increasing the hydrophilicity of oat surface. Moreover, dynamic moisture migration was imaged by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), showing that moisture migrated between ambient environment and oat mainly through endosperm where most moisture accumulated. During sorption, free water migrated firstly, followed by bound water and the change in content of bound water was more stable than that of free water. The results of this study can provide a useful information for future work on quality control of oat during storage.


The author mainly introduced the stochastic process and random fluctuation of digital human body system,the random walking model and master equation of digital human body system,Fokker Planck equation,the steady state solution of Fokker Planck equation and its master equation and the studying thinking of Fokker Planck equation,and so on. It provided a theoretical basis for understanding deeply the complex human body system and for digital human body studying.


| An on-line version of a recently proposed frequency estimation algorithm based on structured autore-gressive (AR) modeling of data is derived for the special case of a single cisoid in noise. The adaptive notch lter utilizes a weighted sum-of-squares of the AR prediction error, that is recursively minimized with respect to the frequency of the cisoid. The steady state performance of the algorithm is characterized by aid of a linear lter approximation technique , and design rules for the tuning variables are given. An excellent agreement is demonstrated between the results predicted by theory, and the measured performance based on numerical simulations. The tracking ability and noise rejection is compared both with the performance of alternative algorithms, and with the appropriate Cram er-Rao bound. It is shown that the algorithm is close to be statistically eecient.


Preservation environments manage digital records for time periods that are much longer than that of a single vendor product. A primary requirement is the preservation of the authenticity and integrity of the digital records while simultaneously minimizing the cost of long-term storage, as the data is migrated onto successive generations of technology. The emergence of low-cost storage hardware has made it possible to implement innovative software systems that minimize risk of data loss and preserve authenticity and integrity. This paper describes software mechanisms in use in current persistent archives and presents an example based upon the NARA research prototype persistent archive.


Methods: Shortly after admission to emergency dept., concurrent autonomic and hemodynamic patterns were monitored in 208 consecutive severely ill septic and septic shock patients; 48 females (23%). Simultaneous respiratory rate (RR) variability and heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) spectral patterns were collected and used to compute ANS parameters. Low Frequency area (LFa) and Respiratory Frequency area (RFa), are measures of sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PSNS) activity, respectively, according to the MIT approach to spectral analysis of HRV with RR spectral analysis. Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring included: a) cardiac index (CI) by bioimpedance, HR, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) reflecting cardiac function, b) pulse oximetry (SapO2) reflecting changes in pulmonary function, and c) transcutaneous oxygen (PtcO2) indexed to the FiO2 reflecting tissue perfusion.


Given the advances in the treatment options for chronic heart failure (CHF), the estimated 5 million people in the United States living with CHF have realized gradual improvements in their median life expectancy.1 Expectantly, there has been an increased focus on how well these patients live in addition to their longevity. The measurements of the wellness of patients include both patient-reported outcome tools and provider-based assessments. The model that links disease burden to these patient-centered outcome measures is well established in the literature2 and serves as the basis for novel interventions to improve these outcomes. Activities of daily living (ADLs) often involve many factors that are intermediate variables in the determinants of health-related quality of life and are often taken for granted when not evaluated in the context of disease burden. Despite these ADLs often being differentially influenced by the specific disease and the associated symptoms, patients may have impairments in their ability to perform because of factors unrelated to the specific disease. Although ADLs are important in clinical management, the focus on measurements as well as interventions to improve these important tasks is often assessed by physical and occupational therapist, nurses, social workers, and care coordinators with less attention by physicians.

Article see p 261

There are many valid and reliable instruments used to measure ADLs in research studies and clinical care. The most …


The environmental challenges of the world as exacerbated by various anthropogenic factors have been a thing of concern to scientists and policy makers all over the world because of its severe negative implications on biodiversity. The menace has been discussed at different levels and from various perspectives. This study is focused on Africa because of her obvious weak capacity to adapt to the impacts of the fast degrading environment. This is attributable to Africa's poor technological development and her dependence on agriculture that is still largely rain-fed and with rudimentary capital. An exploratory approach to literature review was adopted to facilitate the discernment of the concept and methodological effects of environmental degradation, the impact on the socio-economic status of Africa, and the effort of the world community to promote mitigation and adaptive strategies. The factors discovered were critically analysed and appropriate mitigation and adaptive strategies proffered to help check the ravaging menace. It was concluded that the resilience and adaptive capacity of the continent should be improved upon. Hence the need for a synergy between the various African governments and the world at large to develop appropriate mitigation and adaptive strategies that are suitable to the peculiar nature and position of Africa.


The D0 experiment calculates its luminosity using the visible cross section (luminosity monitor constant) {sigma}{sub L0} for its Level 0 trigger based on the world average {anti p}p inelastic cross sections at {radical}s - 1.8 TeV. For the 1992-1993 Tevatron Run (1A), the luminosity monitor constant was determined to be {sigma}{sub L0} = 46. 7{+-}2.5 mb. For the 1994-1996 Tevatron Run (1B/1C), the luminosity monitor constant changed slightly with an upgrade to the electronics in the Level 0 trigger. The luminosity monitor constant becomes on average {sigma}{sub L0} - 44.53 {+-} 2.37 mb for Run 1B/1C. In addition, small corrections for halo and multiple single diffraction are included in integrated luminosity determinations.


Chronic neurogenic such as pain, or inflammatory conditions, and one or more immunomodulatory compounds, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, stereoisomer, clathrate, or prodrug alone or including sleep dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders, comprising administering in combination with known therapies, treating sleep dysfunction including but not limited to, disclose the prevention and / or how to manage. Pharmaceutical compositions, single unit dosage forms, and kits suitable for use in the method of the present invention are also disclosed. .BACKGROUND


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a major type of childhood cancer.It is an obstacle to cure for young patients with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Recent investigations into the mechanism of relapse in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia indicate the relationship between gene abnormalities and the relapse of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.An increasing number of gene abnormalities have been confirmed to be related with relapse of this disease, including deletion of IKZF1 and mutations of JAK, CREBBP, CEBPE and ARID5B.This paper reviews the details about the influence of the various gene mutations on the relapse of the pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Key words:
Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia; leukemia relapse; Gene mutation; Child


The purpose of this paper is to lessen the deviation of printing and to predict the nucleus size of binder droplet infiltration in three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology. The industrial CT is used to scan powders and the parameters of materials are calculated. A spherical model, which is based on the data from industrial CT scanning, predicts the nucleus size. The radius of the sphere is equal to the average radius of the sand particles. The spreading radius of binder droplet on the material is obtained by using the experimental method, and then the nucleus size is calculated by the equations. In order to do research on the process of droplet infiltration more intuitively, we analyze the effects of contact angle, porosity and drop height on the infiltration by using the software Comsol in the simulation. To verify the results of the simulation, the processes of infiltration are recorded by the high-speed digital video camera, and the nucleus size is observed by electron microscope. The study is important to conduct the infiltration experiments and provides a theoretical basis for optimization of process parameters in practical application.


The invention discloses an electric-power concrete pole inclining detecting and centering integrating device for electric power repairing. The electric-power concrete pole inclining detecting and centering integrating device comprises a transversely-arranged base. A back limiting device and a front limiting device are arranged at the two ends of the base. A swinging barrel capable of swinging back and forth is hinged to the interior of a supporting section of the base. A supporting device is inserted into the swinging barrel and locked to the upper middle section of a telegraph pole through a hinged locking device capable of vertically swinging. The power input end of the supporting device is in transmission connection with a power device through a bendable transmission hose. A handle is further fixedly arranged on a supporting base. An outwards-extending protective cover is fixedly arranged at the inner end of the handle. The electric-power concrete pole inclining detecting and centering integrating device has the advantages that soil and stone on the normal-position side of the telegraph pole can be rapidly excavated, dust disoperation can be prevented, the telegraph pole can be rapidly centered, time and labor are saved, fixing is firm, the size is small, carrying is convenient, one person can independently center the telegraph pole, centering efficiency is high, and the telegraph pole can be prevented from being broken off.


This text exposes some documental sources gathered from the Regional Archive of Boyaca (RAB), which identify the relevance of Miguel Suarez de Figueroa, eldest son and heir to Gonzalo Suarez Rendon, founder of the city of Tunja, in charge of inishing and decorating of the roofs of the Founder's Manor,as well as main sponsor and founder of Rosario Chapel, located in Santo Domingo church. Furthermore, an iconographic interpretation of the roof of the main hall in the Founder's Manor is proposed, different from the one exposed by the historians Santiago Sebastian and Jose Miguel Morales Folguera.


@EatPodcast Is the king of multi-site! (Known x2, WordPress x3+, Grav, others??) @raretrack For me, the key is having a mechanism(s) for keeping/saving as much


Abstract 2247 Poster Board II-224 The role of allogeneic HCT for relapsed lymphomas remains imprecisely defined. Most pts considered for alloHCT are heavily pretreated and many have failed a prior autologous HCT. At The University of Chicago, 69 lymphoma pts (median age 54; range, 24-70) underwent allogeneic HCT after alemtuzumab-containing reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens between 11/01 and 6/09. Ten had Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), 23 low-grade B-cell NHL (LGL), 17 intermediate-grade B-cell NHL (IGL), 9 mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and 10 T-cell NHL (TCL). 25 pts (36%) had refractory disease and 17 pts (25%) had elevated LDH. Pre-HCT PET scans were performed in 48 pts and 31 (65%) were PET positive. Performance status (PS) was 0 for 45 pts (70%) and 1 for 18 pts (28%). 19 pts (27%) had failed a prior autologous transplant, and 4 pts had failed a prior allogeneic transplant. 31 pts (45%) had unrelated and 38 (55%) related donors. Conditioning regimens along with alemtuzumab included: fludarabine/melphalan (n = 40), clofarabine/melphalan (n = 20), fludarabine/busulfan (n = 5), and thiotepa/busulfan/cyclophosphamide (n = 4). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of single agent tacrolimus in all patients. With a median follow-up for survivors of 22 mos (range 2-94 mos), 2 yr overall survival (OS) is 53% (95%CI, 40-66). Progression-free survival (PFS) is 46% (95%CI, 34-58) at 1 yr and 38% (95%CI, 28-50) at 2 yrs. 11 pts had grade II-IV aGVHD and transplant-related mortality (TRM) was 20% at 1 yr. Disease responsiveness to salvage chemotherapy prior to transplant (as determined by CT scan) was highly predictive of PFS (p = 0.03). Pts with chemo-sensitive disease had a 2 yr PFS of 44% (95%CI, 28-60), those with chemo-refractory disease 30% (95% CI, 10-50). 2 yr PFS was 52% (95%CI, 30-74%) for LGL, 48% (95%CI, 12-84) for MCL, 28% (95%CI, 6-50) for IGL, 30% (95%CI, 0-60) for HL, and 34% (95%CI, 6-66) for TCL. Patient age, pre-transplant LDH, PS (0 vs 1), prior auto, donor type, and conditioning regimen did not correlate with outcome. Interestingly, a positive vs negative pre-HCT PET also did not correlate with outcome (p = 0.21). 23 pts (33%) relapsed. 13 of those have died, 2 are alive with disease, and 8 are in a durable subsequent remission lasting a median of 46 mos (range 8-69) after further chemotherapy (n=6) or DLI (n=2). Durable subsequent remissions were more common in those with late relapses (>6 mos after transplant) (Fig 1). Conclusion: Chemosensitivity by conventional CT scans remains the most important predictor of outcome. In contrast to other reports, neither the pre-HCT PET nor LDH correlate with outcome. Patients relapsing > 6 mos after alloHCT can re-enter durable remissions with chemotherapy alone. This suggests a favorable interaction between a persisting donor graft and salvage chemotherapy. Disclosures: Off Label Use: off-label use of clofarabine and alemtuzumab. Kline: Genzyme corporation: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Stock: Genzyme: Research Funding.


Paper presents results of performance test of the Integrated Vessel Traffic Control System realizing fusion of data received from shore based pulse and Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radars and presenting information on Electronic Navigational Chart. Test was conducted in rear sea conditions using hydrographical vessel "Zodiak" owned by the Maritime Office in Gdynia.


This study provides perspective from 21 student officers who are serving as leaders in a chapter of an honorary professional organization in their college or university. This study looked closely at their perspective of leadership through the lens of the five practices of leadership posited by Kouzes and Posner (2007, 2012). Students offered insights regarding what they were learning in regards to leadership and how they were leading their organizations. They also spoke to benefits and challenges of leadership. The findings describe lessons learned and suggest ways that universities can prepare future leaders through the vein of service during their collegiate experience. Leadership is a primary focus in today's schools- and rightly so. Intensifying hurdles including shrinking budgets and rising class sizes, new curricular and accountability measures, and rapidly emerging technological innovations all combine for a unique mix of obstacles and opportunities never seen before in education. Today's educational leaders are increasingly overwhelmed. In the classroom, recent surveys indicate that teacher satisfaction is down, uncertainty and anxiety is up (MetLife Survey of the American Teacher, 2011). Teachers and administrators are soon to be will soon retire; many others are now leaving the profession, resulting in what has led researchers such as Doug Reeves (2008) to forecast as an impending crisis due to an "acute shortage of leaders" in schools and districts (p. 17). Educational students are preparing to enter an accountability environment with many societal pressures and today's colleges and universities must be up to the task in preparing them to lead (Cress, Astin, Zimmer-Oster, & Burkhardt, 2001). Interestingly, little research exists on preparing future teacher leaders during their preservice years in the university setting (Bond, 2011). An emerging cadre of willing leaders meanwhile waits in the wings, yet they are not resting on their laurels. Teacher education students who have distinguished themselves in their scholarship and leadership have accepted the call to face these evolving challenges even before stepping into the classroom as a faculty member. Kappa Delta Pi (KDP), an International Honorary Society of over 40,000 members, has over 600 collegiate, university, and professional chapters that are led by a group of student officers. Professional chapters are led by in-service teachers. Each collegiate group works closely with a faculty sponsor who serves as the advisor or "counselor," yet the chapter is comprised of—and led by--- students first and foremost. The chapter's success depends on the participation—and the leadership—of its student officers. And the experiences and opportunities within these organizations are enabling future educators to prepare to lead through action in their classrooms, school, districts, and greater communities.


Histamine-induced cutaneous wheals were measured in five healthy volunteers 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours after per os administration of a single dose of clemastine 1 mg and hydroxyzine 25 mg. Clemastine produced a mean wheal suppression of 9%, 18%, 18% and 6%, while hydroxyzine produced a mean wheal suppression of 49%, 73%, 82% and 77%. This experiment demonstrates the potent and long-lasting anti-H1 effect of hydroxyzine.


The article describes the periods of the history of ensuring public order and security. Also, the reforms implemented in these periods and their results are mentioned


Coalfires, both underground and on the surface, are a serious problem in most major coalproducing countries of the Asia-Pacific region including China, India and Indonesia. Australia also experiences similar problems but on a somewhat smaller scale. Combustion can occur either spontaneously or as a result of anthropogenic causes, within the coal seams underground or in piles of stored coal or spoil-dumps on the surface. Once started, they are difficult to extinguish. Coal fires produce large quantities of CO2 along with several other noxious gases such as carbon monoxide, oxides of sulphur and methane. It has been noted that greenhouse gas emissions from coalfires are significant enough to create a global impact. Apart from these large-scale environmental problems coalfires cause many local problems, operational difficulties, lead to consumption of a precious non-renewable energy source, and endanger human security. This paper discusses the significance of satellite remote sensing as a reliable tool to detect and monitor coalfires. In recent years multi-spectral spaceborne thermal remote sensing data have returned very reliable results in identifying coalfires with inputs from local geological maps. This paper elaborates upon examples from selected countries. Introduction Coalfire: the problem Subsurface and surface coal fires are a serious problem in many coal-producing countries (Figure 1). Combustion can occur either within the coal seam, in piles of stored coal or in spoil-dumps on the surface. These fires are widespread in many coal producing places such as China, India, Indonesia and Australia (van Genderen and Guan., 1997, Saraf et al., 1995, Tetuko et al., 2003; Ellyett and Fleming, 1974). Figure 1. The global spread of coalfires Considerable environmental and economic problems are directly related to coalfires. Apart from consuming a valuable resource, it poses enormous operational difficulties by increasing the cost of production or by making existing operations uneconomical. Noxious gases such as SOx, NOx and CO often affect the immediate surroundings of an active coalfire.


The characteristics of impulse corona have been studied in a point‐to‐plane gap. Both positive and negative square voltage pulses of one‐ and two‐microsecond duration were used with various voltages and pulse repetition rates. The impulse corona in air is found to be quite similar to the d.c. corona, except that the phenomena are exaggerated by the relative absence of space charge inhibition. At higher voltages, the negative impulse corona was found to have a ``spike'' or streamer type of discharge superimposed on the regular Trichel pulse corona. By using the nonelectron‐attaching gases nitrogen and hydrogen, it is shown that these spikes are due to the negative ion space charge formed by the Trichel pulse in the gap. When the point is grounded, the intense field developed between this negative space charge and the positive space charge at the point is sufficient to cause a streamer to propagate.


Sirait, Noni Angriani. 2018. "Teenage Slang Vocabulary in the Metro Plaza Mall
Pematangsiantar City". Thesis (S1). Indonesian Literature Diponegoro University, Semarang. Mentor: Drs. Hendarto S, SU, M.Th and Drs. M. Hermintoyo, M.Pd.

Language is an arbitrary, unique, universal, varied sound symbol system used to communicate, cooperate and identify. Along with the times, language development is widespread and deviated from the mother tongue (Indonesian) and spawned a slang language pioneered by teenagers. The slang language is a non-formal language that teenagers use to communicate with their peers. Teenagers use slang because it's considered more simple, cool, and unique. The purpose of this study is to analyze the pattern of formation, categorization and vocabulary slang words used by adolescents.
This research used sociolinguistic theory. The method used in collecting the data is observation method, interview techniques and directly involved with the informant. Then, used the fishing technique as a basic technique and recording technique as an advanced technique. Then, used questionnaires to get more data because not all informants were open for interviews. In the data analysis stage use the agih method. In the agih method there are seven kinds, namely: deletion, subsitution, expansion, interruptions, permutation, parafrasa, and repetition . At the stage of presentation of the data using informal methods.
The result of this research is that used of slang vocabulary in Pematangsiantar city and be classified :
a. pattern formation by abbreviation (abbreviation, acronym, fragment);
b. pattern formation of reversal of phonemes in a word;
c. wordplay;
d. new words;
e. jargon;
f. categorization (a term that refers to people, nature, objects, numbers, money, relationship patterns, relationships, greeting word, phrase pique, the person's name, artist name, the language is absorbed from foreign languages, street names, local names, body, and body quality);
g. speech that is used when communicating with friends teen.

Keyword: (word) slang, sociolinguistics, variations in language, prokem.


determined residential patterns and, at times, the conduct of political action. The thrust of the chapter focuses on the Baniyan community, which lived inside the city walls because of its central role in the overseas trade while other minority groups resided outside. The Baniyans resisted occasional episodes of political oppression when they took sanctuary in one of the main tombs outside the city walls, intentionally bringing trade to a halt. The author argues from this map of social hierarchies that "the practical function of everyday life may effortlessly override the administrative desire or communal impulse to separate urban communities" (p. 173). Um's study is based on a variety of sources—architectural, archival, and literary—that she wields effectively. The historic core of Mocha is now mostly lost, but a number of its houses remain—fewer than ten when she surveyed them in 2000—although none can be dated with certainty to earlier than the 19th century (p. 140). She has had to assume, based on corroboration with the textual data, that the extant houses are representative of those used during the height of Mocha's prosperity. This relative paucity of architectural evidence is unfortunate, but the overall argument is still convincing. Her Arabic sources, which are chronicles and biographical dictionaries written from the perspective of the highland Qasimi state, seem not to have been especially informative, although they do provide details on patronage and financial connections extending from Mocha across Yemen. The real "backbone" of the argument relies on her European sources, consisting mainly of the daily logbooks of the Dutch East India Company, which provide detailed testimony of commercial practices and day to day events in the city. She also uses reports from European powers' seasonal missions to Mocha, along with travelers' accounts, often illustrated, from the 18th and 19th centuries. The Merchant Houses of Mocha is a valuable contribution to the growing number of recent studies on particular localities within the Red Sea, extending from Quseir to Aden, all of which are refining and refashioning our understanding of a poorly understood but important region that connected the worlds of the Middle East, South Asia, and East Africa. Historians of cities, trade, society, and architecture, whether at home in the Indian Ocean or the Mediterranean, or in the early modern or the medieval worlds, will find this a useful, engaging, and insightful book. It is well written and accessible to advanced undergraduates. The book also includes maps, plans, photos, and appendices containing lists of the Qasimi imams and governors of Mocha and descriptions of the archival and museum sources.


Article is devoted to a theoretical research of maintenance of the concepts «investigated case», «criminal case», «criminal prosecution» and «termination of criminal case» used in criminal prejudicial proceedings of Russia and Mongolia. The term «inquiry case» was introduced by the Mongolian legislator and entered criminal proceedings in 2017 with the entry into force of Mongolia's new Code of Criminal Procedure. In the science of the criminal process of Mongolia, the term «investigated case» was not investigated, the content of the concept of «investigated case» was not disclosed by scientists procedural. In the criminal procedure legislation of Russia and Mongolia the maintenance of the concepts «investigated case», «criminal case», «criminal prosecution» and «termination of criminal case» has no standard fixing. These concepts are not basic concepts of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Russia and Mongolia, do not have an official judicial and departmental explanation. The concepts of «criminal case» and «termination of criminal case» were the subject of scientific research in Russia and Mongolia. The content of the above-mentioned concepts has different scientific interpretations, is debatable and prevents a uniform understanding of their essence in the theory and practice of criminal proceedings. On the basis of formal and logical, historical, comparative methods of a legal research authors allocate theoretical approaches to explanation of essence of maintenance of the concepts «investigated case», «criminal case», «criminal prosecution» and «termination of criminal case» of Russia and Mongolia. In particular, the content of the concepts of «investigation» and «criminal case» by the authors is considered on two sides: (a) as criminal procedure activities to establish the event of a crime and bring the perpetrator to criminal responsibility; (b) as a set of procedural documents certifying the progress and results of the criminal procedure activities of the preliminary investigation bodies, the prosecutor and the court. The concept of «termination of a criminal case» by the authors is considered on three sides: 1) as part of the branch of criminal procedure law (criminal procedure institute); 2) as a stage of activity of preliminary investigation bodies, prosecutor and court on termination of criminal case at the stage of preliminary investigation; 3) as a final procedural decision in a criminal case in pre-trial proceedings. Author's formulation of maintenance of the concepts «investigated case», «criminal case», «criminal prosecution» and «termination of criminal case» became result of the conducted research, their legal status as basic concepts of the Code of Criminal Procedure is reasonable. A proposal has been made to entrench the concepts of «criminal case» and «termination of criminal case» in article 5 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. It is offered to include the concepts «investigated case», «criminal case», «criminal prosecution» and «termination of criminal case» in number of the basic concepts of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Mongolia and also to enter into the Code of Criminal Procedure of Mongolia the rules of law establishing the bases and an order of the termination of criminal prosecution of the preliminary investigation accused by production.


Built by the Lockheed-Martin Corporation, the Earth Observing System (EOS) TERRA spacecraft represents the first orbiting application of a 120 Vdc high voltage spacecraft electrical power system implemented by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The EOS TERRA spacecraft's launch provided a major contribution to the NASA Mission to Planet Earth program while incorporating many state of the art electrical power system technologies to achieve its mission goals. The EOS TERRA spacecraft was designed around five state-of-the-art scientific instrument packages designed to monitor key parameters associated with the earth's climate. The development focus of the TERRA electrical power system (EPS) resulted from a need for high power distribution to the EOS TERRA spacecraft subsystems and instruments and minimizing mass and parasitic losses. Also important as a design goal of the EPS was maintaining tight regulation on voltage and achieving low conducted bus noise characteristics. This paper outlines the major requirements for the EPS as well as the resulting hardware implementation approach adopted to meet the demands of the EOS TERRA low earth orbit mission. The selected orbit, based on scientific needs, to achieve the EOS TERRA mission goals is a sun-synchronous circular 98.2degree inclination Low Earth Orbit (LEO) with a near circular average altitude of 705 kilometers. The nominal spacecraft orbit is approximately 99 minutes with an average eclipse period of about 34 minutes. The scientific goal of the selected orbit is to maintain a repeated 10:30 a.m. +/- 15 minute descending equatorial crossing which provides a fairly clear view of the earth's surface and relatively low cloud interference for the instrument observation measurements. The major EOS TERRA EPS design requirements are single fault tolerant, average orbit power delivery of 2, 530 watts with a defined minimum lifetime of five years (EOL). To meet these mission requirements, while minimizing mass and parasitic power losses, the EOS TERRA project relies on 36, 096 high efficiency Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) on Germanium solar cells adhered to a deployable flexible solar array designed to provide over 5,000 watts of power at EOL. To meet the eclipse power demands of the spacecraft, EOS TERRA selected an application of two 54-cell series connected Individual Pressure Vessel (IPV) Nickel-Hydrogen (NiH2) 50 Ampere-Hour batteries. All of the spacecraft observatory electrical power is controlled via the TERRA Power Distribution Unit (PDU) which is designed to provide main bus regulation of 120 Vdc +/- -4% at all load interfaces through the implementation of majority voter control of both the spacecraft's solar array sequential shunt unit (SSU) and the two battery bi-directional charge and discharge regulators. This paper will review the major electrical power system requirement drivers for the EOS TERRA mission as well as some of the challenges encountered during the development, testing, and implementation of the power system. In addition, spacecraft test and early on orbit performance results will also be covered.


A number of products have been introduced which make use of the response of nematic liquid crystal which has a positive dielectric anisotropy. Because of the large range of materials which are now available, device design can now be varied to include applications which were not previously available. New devices designed must take into consideration speed of response, electrical breakdown and voltage threshold and as all of these parameters are interrelated some engineering compromises become necessary. This paper will develop the scientific basis for the engineering compromises needed in the design of a number of liquid crystal displays. A review of available displays and their threshold voltages will be presented. The breakdown voltage limitations as a function of the thickness of the displays as well as the speed of response will be discussed.


We follow the emergence of quantum entanglement in a scattering event between two initially uncorrelated distinguishable quantum particles interacting via a delta potential. We calculate the time dependence of the Neumann entropy of the one-particle reduced density matrix. Using the exact propagator for the delta potential, we derive an approximate analytic formula for the asymptotic form of the two-particle wavefunction which is sufficiently accurate to account for the entanglement features of the system.


The invention relates to a silicone self-adhesive formula and a preparation method. The silicone self-adhesive formula comprises the following materials in percentage by weight: 30-55 percent of methyl ethylene raw rubber, 30-55 percent of methyl silicone oil, 10-20 percent of white carbon black, 1-8 percent of hydroxyl silicone oil, 0.3-0.8 percent of hydrogen-contained silicone oil and 0.1-0.3 percent of parting agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding the methyl ethylene raw rubber, the hydroxyl silicone oil, the hydrogen-contained silicone oil and the parting agent according to the proportions to a vacuum kneader to knead; adding the white carbon black to the vacuum kneader twice by adding the rest white carbon black after the first part of white carbon black is grouped; adding nitrogen gas after all the raw materials are grouped and heating by steam; keeping a high temperature of 160-170 DEG C for 1.5-2.5h; then, cooling, proportionally adding the methyl silicone oil in the cooling process, stirring for about 1h, cooling to 60-80 DEG C and discharging; and filtering with a rubber press and cooling rubber. Accordingly, the invention has the advantages of strong adhesion and tensile resistance, easy processing and environmental protection and can be widely applied to the fields of anti-skid products, and the like.


The modeling of aperture synthesis as a process of Fourier transformation and inversion provides a unified description of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), inverse SAR (ISAR) and hybrid SAR/ISAR techniques. The degradation of the resulting imagery arising from errors in the estimation of target and platform motions and operation in the near field is analyzed clearly and concisely, the results being expressed in a compact matrix form. The verification of this analysis by computer simulation and possible future applications of the formalism developed are discussed.<<ETX>>


The process of synthesis of high-pure tetraethylammonium hydroxide is investigated. Initial salt was cleared from an-ions of halogens by a transmission of its solution through a high-capacious anion-exchanger. Synthesis carried out an electro-chemical ionic exchange with the subsequent collecting a catholyte. Process carried out in a two-chamber electrolyzer with cation-exchange membrane. Parameters of process and ways of its carrying out are specified


Simple Summary Malocclusion is a misalignment or inappropriate relationship between the upper and lower dental arches when the jaws close. Orthodontics, such as tooth extraction, clear aligners, or dental braces, are frequently used to address malocclusion, followed by growth modification in children or orthognathic surgery in adults. The treatment goals are to improve facial and dental esthetics, functional occlusion, periodontal health, and stability. It is also feasible to achieve an esthetic improvement of the soft tissue. This study shows how soft tissues change after extraction of premolars in patients with Angle Class I bimaxillary alveolar protrusion through three-dimensional analysis. The results show that changes in soft tissue point A and skeletal point A are three-dimensionally related. Abstract Aim. To investigate the effect of changes in incisor tip, apex movement, and inclination on skeletal points A and B and characterize changes in skeletal points A and B to the soft tissue points A and B after incisor retraction in Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Methods. Twenty-two patients with Angle Class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion treated with four first premolar extractions were included in this study. The displacement of skeletal and soft tissue points A and B was measured using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using a three-dimensional coordinate system. The movement of the upper and lower incisors was also measured using CBCT-synthesized lateral cephalograms. Results. Changes in the incisal tip, apex, and inclination after retraction did not significantly affect the position of points A and B in any direction (x, y, z). Linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between skeletal point A and soft tissue point A on the anteroposterior axis (z). Skeletal point A moved forward by 0.07 mm, and soft tissue point A moved forward by 0.38 mm, establishing a ratio of 0.18: 1 (r = 0.554, p < 0.01). Conclusion. The positional complexion of the skeletal points A and B was not directly influenced by changes in the incisor tip, apex, and inclination. Although the results suggest that soft tissue point A follows the anteroposterior position of skeletal point A, its clinical significance is suspected. Thus, hard and soft tissue analysis should be considered in treatment planning.


Only males provide parental care in midwife toads (genus Alytes), carrying fertilized eggs entwined around the hind limbs. Although energetic investment in reproduction probably is greater for females, male care may be a limited resource in terms of its quality, and competition among females for access to males might be expected. We videotaped sexual interactions in a group of individuals in the laboratory to determine whether female Alytes obstetricans from Portugal compete for mates. Courtship and mating behavior were largely similar to descriptions of other authors for this species. Males did not exhibit direct aggressive interactions with one another for access to mates. However, females engaged in intense competitive behavior, which included frequent physical displacement of the amplectant male by an unpaired female. One male mated with two females that had competed with one another, suggesting that females may be unable to ensure exclusive access to male parental care.


When the perceived intensities of a moving color pattern are equalized the pattern will seem to slow down or stop moving. This situation creates motion metamers-two different motions can be perceived as equivalent. Motion metamers present a very difficult problem for classical models of machine motion perception. In this paper we present an adaptive filter model of motion interpretation which describes human motion perception performance at equiluminance. This model strongly suggests that the interaction between the pathways is defined by a specific structure and the learning parameter between the pathways are different. This result makes several predictions about the human motion processing and places some performance limits on machine vision models.


Medical image enhancement technologies have attracted much attention since advanced medical equipments were put into use in the medical field. Enhanced medical images are desired by a surgeon to assist diagnosis and interpretation because medical image qualities are often deteriorated by noise and other data acquisition devices, illumination conditions, etc. Also targets of medical image enhancement are mainly to solve problems of low contrast and the high level noise of a medical image. Image enhancement plays an important role in computer vision and image processing. In this paper, the use of contrast enhancement techniques for colour images using RGB components is proposed. The histogram equalization (HE) is one of the most popular methods for image contrast enhancement. However, HE algorithm has two main disadvantages. To solve these problems, this paper presents an improved image contrast enhancement based on histogram equalization, which is especially suitable for multiple-peak images. Firstly, the input image is convolved by a Gaussian filter with optimum parameters. Secondly, the original histogram can be divided into different areas by the valley values of the image histogram. Thirdly, using of our proposed method processes images and finally the contrast enhancement Technique, partial contrast is applied to enhance the morphological features of acute leukaemia images to ease the leukaemia classification between Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and Acute Myelogenous Leukaemia (AML). The results show that partial contrast is the best technique that helps to improve the image visibility while preserving the significant features of acute leukaemia images. Hence, the resultant images would become useful to Hematologists for further analysis of acute leukaemia. The result demonstrates that the proposed algorithm has good performance in the field of image enhancement.


Dynamic memory performance throttling. An embodiment of a memory device includes a memory stack including coupled memory elements, the memory elements including multiple ranks, the plurality of ranks including a first rank and a second rank, and a logic device including a memory controller. The memory controller is to determine an amount of misalignment between data signals relating to a read request for the first rank and a read request for the second rank, and, upon determining that misalignment between the first rank and the second rank is greater than a threshold, the memory controller is to insert a time shift between a data signal for the first rank and a data signal for the second rank.


E-Recruitment is the process of recruiting personnel with the use of technology and web based resources. The practice of e-recruitment has made the process more efficient and effective in the organization development. This paper identifies internet recruitment methods from relevant literature, and describes how their benefits of online recruitment can influence the recruitment decision making of the organization.The main success factors of e-recruitment are the value-added services provided by the job sites, cost effectiveness, speed, providing customized solutions, helping to establish relationships with HR managers and facilitates brand building of the companies.The main aim of this study is to highlight the theoretical background of fundamental elements of E-recruitment process and to examine the demographic profile of employees and to analyze the different attributes that promotes E-recruitment process in the organization and also to assess the employees insight and problems accurse in E-recruitment process practices by the organization. In this study data has been collected from issue of questionnaire, the population or sample size for study were only 100 employees working in Accentures Pvt Ltd.The roles of HR department are linked with the help of IT for administrative process. Such by doing so, there is increase time consuming by speed in transactions and decrease in information errors.Therefore this paper seeks broaden the research on the online Recruitment practices positively depends on entire development of the organization.  Professor, Department of Studies and Research in Management, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangothri, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India. Research Scholar, Department of Studies and Research in Management, Karnataka State Open University, Mukthagangothri, Mysore-570006, Karnataka, India. www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 2 February 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2102271 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org 2192


[Objective] To investigate the alleviation of liver lipidemia deposition and the initial mechanism of treating fatty liver with lipidemia.[Methods]High fat diet was used to establish the fatty liver rat model with hyperlipemia .All rats were divided into high dose treatment group,low dose treatment group,high dose prevention group,low dose prevention group,Dongbaogantai group,model group,normal control group randomly.The effect of Jianganxiaozhi mixture on SOD and MDA of blood serum of fatty liver with hyperlipemia was observed,meanwhile,the morphological changes were explored though HE staining,SudanⅢ staining and Masson staining on liver tissue.[Results] Compared with the normal control group,MDA in blood serum and the area of lipidemia deposition in liver were significantly increased and SOD was decreased in model control group(P0.01);MDA and the area of lipidemia deposition in prevention and treatment groups were lower and SOD was increased largely than that in model control group(P0.01).[Conclusion ]Jianganxiaozhi mixture could significantly inhibit lipid peroxide and improve morphological changes of fatty liver rat with hyperlipemia.The mechanism of its therapeutic effects may be through decreasing the deposit of lipidemia on liver and inhibiting lipid peroxide.


Objective: The main purpose of this study is to perform the quality assessment of three different brands of Paracetamol tablets (500 mg) available in local market of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methodology: Several pharmacopeial and non-pharmacopeial tests were applied on selected brands coded as P1, P2 and P3, respectively. A sample of (n = 20) tablets from each coded brand were subjected to pharmacopeial tests such as weight variation, friability, disintegration, assay and dissolution and non- pharmacopeial tests such as hardness, diameter and thickness. Dissolution data were subjected to model dependent and model independent kinetic approaches using Dissolution Data solver.
Results: The Average weight in mg, hardness in kg , thickness and diameter in mm of (n=20) tablets of brands P1, P2, and P3 were noted and their standard deviation were calculated which were found to be 520.625mg (± 0.49 mg), 519.53 mg (± 0.472 mg) and 521.20 mg (±0.494mg),7.25(±0.45kg), 7.48(±0.29kg) and 6.64(±0.11kg), 4.3(±0.15mm), 3.2(±0.15mm), 3.2(±0.11mm) and 12.2(±0.13mm), 12.4(±0.14mm) and 12.6(±0.15mm). Friability of selected brands were found to be 0.37%, 0.41% and 0.26%. Disintegration time were found to be 2minutes26seconds, 2minutes56seconds and 1minute 54 seconds. Percentage Assay of (n=20) tablets of selected brands were found to be as P1= 98.97(± 0.02%), P2= 99.96(± 0.03%) and P3= 99.91(±0.02%). Dissolution were performed at multiple point intervals such as 5 min, 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 45 min. At 45 minutes the percentage of drug release for P1, P2 and P3 were found to be 98.7%, 99.8% and 98.9%. For the determination of model independent approaches brand P2 were selected as reference formulation. Similarity factor (f2), dissimilarity factor (f1) for brand P1, and P3 were found to be 73.5, 5 and 79.5, 3. All selected brands were subjected to model dependent approaches. In this study all tablets of selected brands P1, P2 and P3 followed First order and weibull model as the r2 values for first order were (0.9897), (0.9893) and (0.9837) and for weibull model r2 values were found to be (0.9937), (0.9953) and (0.9915).
Conclusion: In this study successful application of Pharmacopeial and non Pharmacopeial tests on three different selected brands in Karachi, Pakistan were carried out however further work is recommended on large sample. Results were found to be in limit in accordance to the United States Pharmacopeia. Invitro multiple points interval dissolution studies were conducted at phosphate buffer pH 5.8 the data were subjected to several kinetic models by the application of Dissolution Data (DD solver) an add in program in Excel to determine release kinetics. Study demonstrated that all selected brands of Paracetamol 500 mg tablets followed first order kinetics and weibull model.


With the rapid growth in online services and scarcity of professionals under same domain, there is a huge requirement for integaration of services with Cloud Computing (CC). It is a latest technological trend in present arena. It provide an efficient infrastructure, better services over the internet. In CC environment scheduling of services is one of the major issue which can have significant impact on resource utilization and system performance. Work-flow scheduling is a problem of finding the correct execution sequence for assigned work-flow tasks. It plays a vital role in the work-flow management. Proper scheduling of work-flow can have an efficient impact on performance of the system. This paper proposes a scheduling algorithm for work-flows. Key parameters include parent-child relationship, task allocation to available Virtual Machines(VMs) for execution. Proposed algorithm mainly focuses on increasing the resource utilization and reducing the make-span. In proposed algorithm, we create a table that contains ready tasks and their corresponding children in a work-flow, and occurrences of child have been counted. Further, on the basis of child occurrences, this parent-child relationship table is sorted and then used for ready tasks scheduling. The proposed algorithm has been executed and validated by using simulation based analysis through WorkflowSim tool kit. The results of the proposed scheduling algorithm significantly minimizes overall execution time of work-flows.


Similarity solutions are used to discuss impacts on asteroids of various strengths, concentrating on the voids produced, the mass ejected, and its thermodynamic and mechanical state. Numerical calculations have advantages and limitations for the next step in complexity.


Abstract Two new phosphoric triamides having a common part XP(O)[NHCH(CH3)2]2, with X =[2,3,6-F3–C6H2C(O)NH] (1) and [C6H11(CH3)N] (2), were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and 1H-, 13C-, 31P-NMR) and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The asymmetric unit of 1 is composed of one molecule, whereas for 2 it consists of six symmetry independent molecules. In all molecules, the P atoms are in a distorted tetrahedral environment of one oxygen and three nitrogen atoms. The latter have mainly sp2 character and a nearly planar environment. The crystal structures are stabilized via N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions, forming a linear arrangement for 1 and three independent parallel linear chains for 2, along the b and a axis, respectively. The intermolecular interactions in the molecular packing were analyzed using the Hirshfeld surface methodology, two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plots and enrichment ratios (E). The prevalent interactions revealed by Hirshfeld surfaces are O · · · H type interactions for both structures 1 and 2, additionally C · · · O for 1 and H · · · H interactions for 2. The most favored contacts responsible for the molecular packing are C · · · F, N · · · H and O · · · H for 1 confirmed by E values greater than 1.30, whereas for 2, O · · · H and N · · · H intermolecular interactions with E values about 1.04 representing the favored contacts. Thus, the N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions are the dominant interactions in both compounds. For more details, a topological AIM analysis of N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions was performed: NCP–H · · · O=C hydrogen bond (the NCP is referred to the nitrogen atom within the C(O)NHP(O) segment) interactions in 1 are stronger than N–H · · · O=P interactions in both 1 and 2. Furthermore, a 3D topology of the molecular packing via the energy framework approach showed that the N–H · · · O hydrogen bond interactions in C(O)NHP(O)-based phosphoric triamide are predominantly electrostatic based, while they are electrostatic-dispersion based for other phosphoric triamides with a [N]P(O)[NH]2 skeleton.


Slags produced in the steelmaking industry could be a source of chromium. Slags contain, depending on different types of slags, between 2 to 5 wt.% of Cr. Roasting of slag with NaOH, followed by subsequent leaching can produce leachates which can be efficiently processed using electrocoagulation (EC). This paper provides results from the EC process optimization for Cr(VI) solutions with initial concentration 1000 mg/L of Cr(VI). Influence of pH, current intensity and NaCl concentration on the efficiency of chromium recovery, energy consumption as well as solid product composition is discussed in detail. Optimum of pH = 6 was chosen for EC processing of Cr leachates as well as current intensities of 0.1–0.5 A because of the higher Cr/Fe ratio in solid product compared to higher current intensities. Results of EC processing of four real leachates of electric arc furnace carbon steel slag (EAFC), electric arc furnace stainless steel slag (EAFS), low carbon ferrochrome slag (LC FeCr) and high carbon ferrochrome slag (HC FeCr) were evaluated. Comparison of the results of four real leachate samples is presented. Obtained final solid product was identified as (Fe0.6 Cr0.4)2O3 and with up to 20% of Cr could be used as source of chromium in the ferrochrome production.


This paper presents an immune feedback control algorithm for a three-phase distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) to mitigate several power quality problems such as harmonics, reactive power, and load unbalancing at distribution level. A configuration chosen for DSTATCOM is based on a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC), which is suitably controlled as a shunt compensator for performing these functions. The underlying principle of an immune feedback is based on adaptive control and the designed control estimates fundamental reference grid currents from nonlinear load currents. This control algorithm proposed for DSTATCOM, is validated for maintaining power factor to unity, load balancing, and harmonics reduction of supply currents. An improved performance of immune feedback control is presented along with its comparison with conventional control algorithms such as dq frame, normalized least mean square and other recently developed control algorithms such as leaky least mean square, leaky least mean fourth, and synchronous extraction. Experimental results are obtained with the proposed control, which is tested on a prototype developed in the laboratory using a VSC. It is observed from simulation and experimental results that the proposed control algorithm of DSTATCOM is able to achieve mitigation of most of the power quality problems at the distribution level.


With the spurt in growth of consumer driven smart phones market and significant resources invested in Internet of Things (IOT) where both form factor and cost play a major role, there is a need for packaging solution that addresses the low cost and "thinness" of devices. EoPlex, Inc. has developed a low cost, high performance alternative based on its 3D printing technology called Configurable Sintered Interconnect (CSI) that fills this gap. The CSI Platform is based on printing and converting the "ink" via a curing step, providing a significant cost advantage over the traditional etched type QFN lead frames. With the thickness of packages as low as 250 um, CSI offers the thinnest package form factor available today in the QFN type leadless family of packages. The sintering process removes the need for etching and harsh chemicals which make CSI green and environmentally friendly. Since this process does not use etching, the need for plating and subsequently the presence of tie bars and plating bars is eliminated. As a result, there is a significant reduction in cross-talk noise and antenna like structures due to floating plating tails, at high frequency. Also, since there are no plating bars or tails, more bond pads can be accommodated as compared to a standard QFN for a given size. The number of rows of bond pads is limited only by the ability to route on the PC board and the wire bond length allowed by manufacturing rules. This technology allows for more than 3 rows of bond pads in high volume production. As a result, a size reduction of up to 33% when compared to conventional QFN type packages. The wire bond length in most cases reduces by up to 2mm, compared to a similar lead count traditional QFN type package. This translates into improvement in return loss of over 1GHZ. The wire bond inductance is also reduced proportionately providing lower impedance. Ability to print isolated metal bars and rings gives the advantage of having multiple low impedance power domains in a single layer lead frame type package. Signal Integrity of CSI packages is comparable or better than 4 layer wire bonded BGA packages. Another advantage of this technology is the ease of design for custom applications. Because of the printing process, bond pads can be placed anywhere. Hence, each design can be customized for the silicon, similar to a Ball Grid Array (BGA) routing. This paper will highlight the ease of design with the CSI platform that enable electrical performance improvements and signal integrity analysis of a SERDES type application as compared to the etched type lead frame version.


Immunogenic and non‐immunogenic tumor implants were made at varying intervals after administration of an oncogenic dose of 3‐methylcholanthrene to mice. The length of the interval did not detectably influence the growth of the implants, suggesting that immunodepression by the oncogen is probably not the cause of the relationship between the latencies and the immunogenicities of hydrocarbon‐induced tumors.


This paper compares normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),vegetation abundance and percent impervious surface as indicators of surface urban heat island effects in ASTER images from April 6,2004,by investigating the relationships between land surface temperature(LST),NDVI,vegetation abundance,and percent impervious surface area(%ISA).ASTER data includes 14 bands with different spatial resolutions,i.e.,two visible bands and one NIR band with 15-m spatial resolution,six SWIR bands with 30-m spatial resolution,and five TIR bands with 90-m spatial resolution.The unique characteristics of ASTER are useful for improved recovery of land surface parameters such as LAI,vegetation abundance and temperature.The product of AST-09T, which was radiance-corrected for atmospheric effects,was used to estimate Land Surface Temperature for Fuzhou using the Temperature/Emissivity Separation(TES) algorithm.The TES algorithm for ASTER is a difficult but robust method to recover simultaneously both land-surface "kinetic" temperatures and emissivities, which consists of three improved modules: the Normalized Emissivity Method(NEM), Ratio module(RAT) and Min-Max Difference module(MMD).NDVI was calculated from ASTER reflectance of band2 and band3 which were atmospherically corrected using the Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes(FLAASH) module of ENVI,and two maps of vegetation abundance and percent impervious surface with a standard error of less than 0.1 were also computed from ASTER L1B imagery using linear spectral unmixing model(LSU).It should be noted that terrain variability can influence the performance of LSU and limit its application,especially in mountainous areas,so the C terrain illumination correction for ASTER images was employed before applying LSU.Next,using the zonal statistics in the ArcGIS platform,the multiple regression models were further developed to examine the relationships between LST and the other three derived land surface variables(NDVI,vegetation abundance and %ISA) for different land-cover types and different interval scales. Our analysis indicated that the linear correlations of LST vs.NDVI,vegetation abundance and percent impervious surface were not straightforward for all land-cover types,but a very strong linear relationship(R~20.93) was shown between mean-LST,vegetation abundance and percent impervious area.In contrast,the associations between LST and NDVI were still complicated even at 0.01 interval scale.This result suggests that vegetation abundance and percent impervious surface are better indicators for the study of urban heat islands,and the interactive mechanisms between UHI and land surface variables could easily be understood using those two parameters.