The thermal decomposition of 1,2 butadiene has been studied behind reflected shock waves over the temperature and total pressure ranges of 1300–2000 K and 0.20–0.55 atm using mixtures of 3% and 4.3% 1,2 butadiene in Ne. The major products of the pyrolysis are C2H2, C4H2, C2H4, CH4 and C6H6. Toluene was observed as a minor product in a narrow temperature range of 1500–1700 K. In order to model successfully the product profiles which were obtained by time-of-flight mass spectrometry, it was necessary to include the isomerization reaction of 1,2 to 1,3 butadiene. A reaction mechanism consisting of 74 reaction steps and 28 species was formulated to model the time and temperature dependence of major products obtained during the course of decomposition. The importance of C3H3 in the formation of benzene is demonstrated.


This paper focuses on vehicle fuel economy improvement using DRange neutral control of automatic transmission. The system objected to reducing of fuel consumption during idle. Usually, turbine of conventional auto transmission is mechanically linked to wheel during idling condition. Therefore speed ratio of torque converter is zero for that period. This causes needless power loss by the torque converter slip. To improve this inefficiency automobile makers develops electronicallycontrolled Drange neutral control system. The Drange neutral control system minimizes slip on the torque converter by shifting gear to a neutral position during vehicle stoped with Drange gear position. However there's insufficient study about the effect of Drange neutral control system on vehicle fuel economy. In this paper, researches are performed on effect of Drange neutral control system on vehicle fuel economy by experiment with two different vehicle. And it is also estimated the effect on vehicle fuel economy using computer simulation. As a result, 1.8% of LA4 mode fuel economy improvement can be achieved in a vehicle by Drange neutral control system.


Preface Introduction Cross-References (for Answers) to Selected Pharmacology Texts Generic Drug Name Recognition Guide List of Abbreviations General Principles of Pharmacology The Peripheral Nervous Systems: Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System Pharmacology Central Nervous System Pharmacology Cardiovascular Pharmacology Renal System and Diuretic Pharmacology Respiratory System Pharmacology: Asthma and COPD Autacoids Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacology Gastrointestinal and Urinary Tract Pharmacology, Nutrition (Vitamins) Endocrine Pharmacology, Uterine Stimulants, and Relaxants Antimicrobial and Antiviral Pharmacology Cancer and Immune System Pharmacology Toxicology, Bioterrorism, and Chemical Warfare Agents Appendix A: Drug Interactions Involving the P450 System Appendix B: Common Serum Chemistries (Normal Values) Appendix C: Web Sites for More Information Index


The author analyzes the importance of building energy saving,introduces current construction's common exterior wall,energy saving technology of door and window,as well as roof in detail,points out that in the process of promoting current construction energy saving technology,it should enhance the exploration and application of new type of energy saving material,thus realizing building energy saving.


Will reading habit influence your life? Many say yes. Reading intervention and detachment essays in legal history and jurisprudence is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way. Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity. It will be one of guidance of your life. When reading has become a habit, you will not make it as disturbing activities or as boring activity. You can gain many benefits and importances of reading.


The force constants of phosphorous oxychloride molecule, OPL 3, have been calculated using the matrix method of Wilson for a  valence force potential function with three interaction terms. The values of the force constants are discussed in relation to those of related molecules.


The "thermodynamic cube," a mnemonic device for learning and recalling thermodynamic relations, is introduced. The cube is an extension of the familiar "thermodynamic square" seen in many textbooks. The cube reproduces the functions of the usual thermodynamic squares and incorporates the Euler relations which are not as well known.


A Ni / Au layer prepared by sputtering method is used as insertion between the graphene and the Ptype GaN layer to reduce the contact potential. We study the relationship of the thickness ratio of Ni and Au with GaN LED performance. The results show that under the conditions of 1. 5 nm total thickness with the light transmission properties and good ohmic contact in consideration,a Ni and Au thickness ratio of 1 nm /0. 5 nm is the best,in which case the Graphene / NiAu composite transparent conductive layer can significantly reduce the operating voltage of the GaN LED with a high light transmittance in the blue band,thereby improving the light emitting properties of the GaN LED.


In the previous section of the notes, we noted that a random experiment was defined by a procedure and an observation, and that the sample set was the set of all possible observations. For the purposes of computing probabilities, it is often convenient to define the observations in such a way that the outcomes can be assumed to be equally probable.1 The advantage of a sample space with equiproba1 Note that this technically only makes sense if the sample space is finite. There are intuitive extensions of the idea of equiprobable outcomes to uncountable sample spaces though—you are probably familiar with the uniform distribution. Strangely, I can't think of a notion of equiprobable outcomes that makes sense in a countably infinite space. ble outcomes is that it reduces the computation of probabilities to a counting exercise: Count up the number of outcomes in an event of interest and in the whole sample space, and the ratio of the two will be the probability. For example, we gave the example of rolling a die twice and noted that there were two different experiments: (1) You could observe the outcome of each roll (e.g. one outcome would be (3, 4), or (2) you could observe the sum of the two rolls (e.g. one outcome would be 7). In case (1), the outcomes are equiprobable, assuming a fair die.2 In 2 In fact, that would be why we call the die fair! case (2), though, the outcomes are assuredly not equiprobable. As a result, in this case it is more convenient to use experiment definition (1), even if it is the outcomes in (2) that are of interest. So, in these cases, if our sample space Ω consists of a finite number of equiprobable outcomes, then for any event A ⊂ Ω, we have


As a result of investigations, clear from this study the importance of treating waste water, reusing
water consider other sources being fewer loads from fresh water. The waste water was continuously
developing situation, further could be polluted, where causing pollution to freshwater because of it's flowing
out to river. For the purpose of applied re-using water in a better form, require cooperation specialization
possessor for putting satisfactory projects design in social, economically, financial and protect general
health, healthy drain engineering, agricultural engineering, water resources engineering, society, economic
and finances sciences. That must be attention the multiple solving of specialization for re-using waste water
must be relation with ventures location and social, economically conditions and being continuously
characterize, must be thinking how to be less waste water and to action these procedures require laying strategies, limitation politics to rationing fresh water using.


The Web has become a crucial part of our everyday lives, being a source for information and news, a platform to connect with other users through various social web applications, a medium for citizens to communicate with state via of e-government services, and doing business online, regardless whether it is online banking or shopping. It has also become an important instrument for online marketing. Today, the Web is everywhere, starting from computers and ending up with portable devices such as smart-phones and tablets. As more and more information is made available over the Internet, users are facing information overload making it harder for them to find information searched for at once. With every click users make on a website (portal), they leave behind pieces of information describing their preferences and intentions. Applying advanced methods, these events can be captured into web usage logs for further processing by means of web usage mining to tailor web information systems to its users' needs and guarantee their loyalty and satisfaction.


We consider a model for complex networks that was introduced by Krioukov et al. (Phys Rev E 82 (2010) 036106). In this model, N points are chosen randomly inside a disk on the hyperbolic plane according to a distorted version of the uniform distribution and any two of them are joined by an edge if they are within a certain hyperbolic distance. This model exhibits a power‐law degree sequence, small distances and high clustering. The model is controlled by two parameters α and ν where, roughly speaking, α controls the exponent of the power‐law and ν controls the average degree.


The present study of evaluation and preservation of dog semen by freezing at −196° C by conventional instant and programmable slow method was carried out to determine the efficiency and suitability with respect to the survival of spermatozoa after freezing. In all 24 ejaculates were studied of four mongrel dogs (six from each) and the andrological investigations were carried out. The semen was processed for freezing by conventional instant and slow programmable freezing in liquid nitrogen. The showed that the dog semen with normal seminal attributes can be preserved by freezing at −196° C by both the methods satisfactorily.


The biolistic particle delivery system was used for the transformation of explants from two commercially important barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars (Giza 124 and Giza 126) using the plasmid pAB6 harboring the uidA (gus) reporter gene and the bar herbicide resistance gene as a selectable marker. The transient expression of uidA gene was investigated as a preliminary test of the transformation efficiency and for selecting the most appropriate bombardment parameters. Transformation experiments were carried out using different parameters with the two barley genotypes. The tested parameters included the type of explants (immature embryos and immature embryo-derived calli); the acceleration pressure (900, 1100 and 1350 psi) and the number of shots (1 or 2). Based on the results of GUS transient expression, the pressure 1100 psi was chosen to be used in the subsequent transformation experiments. Selection was initiated on M2 callus induction medium containing 3 mg/l bialaphos. Stable transformation was confirmed in T0 and T1 plants by leaf painting, PCR analysis using primers specific for bar and gus genes and Southern blot hybridization analysis with specific probes.


Objective To study the Ephedrine soup ultramicro piece and the Traditional Herbal Decoction in watersolubility and ethanol-soluble extractives,to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of compound Chi-nese medicine ultramicro piece.Methods Identify the water-solubility and estimate the quantify of ethanol-soluble extractives of Ephedra soup by the method of TLC and do a comparative study of ultramicro piece and traditional herbal decoction extract.Results the ultramicro piece water soluble extract′s average value was(0.2284±0.0061)g,which was significantly higher than the traditional about(0.1481±0.0025)g,the ratio was 1.53;The average of ultramicro ethanol-soluble was(0.0493 ±0.0038)g,which was significantly higher than the traditional pieces about(0.0393±0.0027)g,with the ratio 1.25.Conclusion After the ultra-fine pulverization of Chinese Herbal Medicine,its nature has not been changed;however,the water-soluble and alcohol-soluble constituents leaching are increasing significantly,which was higher significantly than the traditional.So it can raise the clinical treatment effects of tradi-tional Chinese medicine.


ABSTRACT Research on relationship quality in same-sex couples has rarely focused on (1) couples who are parents, or (2) couples in which partners differ in sexual identity. Insomuch as nonmonosexual women (i.e., women with non-exclusive sexual orientations) experience unique challenges due to monosexism, relationship quality may be influenced by whether partners share a monosexual or nonmonosexual identity. The current study is a longitudinal, dyadic analysis of 118 female parents within 63 same-sex couples whose relationship quality (relationship maintenance, conflict, love, ambivalence) was assessed at five time points across the first 5 years of adoptive parenthood. Monosexual women were those who identified as exclusively lesbian/gay (n = 68); nonmonosexual women were those who identified as mostly lesbian/gay, bisexual, queer, pansexual, or mostly heterosexual (n = 50). Analyses revealed both actor and partner effects on maintenance and conflict, such that nonmonosexual women reported more maintenance and conflict than monosexual women, and women with nonmonosexual partners reported more maintenance and conflict than women with monosexual partners. Depression was related to greater conflict and ambivalence and less love; internalized sexual stigma was related to greater conflict and ambivalence. Maintenance and love declined over time whereas ambivalence increased during early parenthood.


The internal cold and warm water supply networks do have the role to permanently assure the discharge and necessary pressure at the consumption points, being necessary important investments in the total cost of water supply system. At the same time, the big volume of building constructions and social-cultural edifices and the more reduced working time starting from design to execution involves the use in design of the means of bigger efficiency and precision for the calculus and dimensioning of internal water distribution networks. Classically, the pipes diameters are chosen according to the average economical velocities, which can't consider the dynamics of the economic and energetic parameters of these networks. In this paper an improved model is developed for optimal design of networks with inferior distribution for the water supply of buildings, implemented in a computer program for IBM-PC compatible systems. This program might be applied at each significant change interfered in the economic policy.


•  Introduction •  Insulin, IGF‐1 in the brain •  Glucose metabolism and AD •  The insulin and IGF‐1 system in AD •  The insulin and oxidative stress in AD •  The insulin and IGF‐1R system and τ phosphorylation •  Brain amyloid and insulin IGF‐1 signalling •  Insulin, inflammation and AD •  Conclusions


Salt diapirs are precondition for oil and gas fields search in near-stock territories. One of the possible ways of diapir genesis has been examined. It gives ground to regard salt diapirs as long-living channels of hydrocarbons and ore-containing fluids transportation into deposit rocks of upper structural floors. Examples of Permian magmatic intrusion in near-stick zones are given. The facts are confirmed by diabases hot contacts. Such phenomena are observed not only in Dnieper-Donets Depression, but also in other regions of the world. Diapir structures as one of the main fluid migration ways help not only to restore old fields hydrocarbon supply (on the example of Shebelinka field), but are also a prerequisite for the formation of new deposits.


The effects of non-Newtonian lubricants on the dynamics of a 3D journal bearing are investigated using a moving spectral element method. Comparisons are made with the findings reported for the 2D case. The variation of L/D, the ratio of the length of the bearing to its diameter, is shown to have a significant effect on the stability properties of the journal. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The author of the Arabic text edited here for the first time, Abu Sa'd 'Abd al-Rahman b. al-Ma'mun al-Mutawalli of Naysabur, was a little-known eastern Shafi'ite Ash'arite scholar. He studied religious law in Marw, Bukhara, and Marw al-Rudh, and taught at the Nizamiyya madrasa in Baghdad after the death of the renowned Abu Ishaq al-Shirazi in 476/1083. There he died two years later. A Tatimma which he wrote to supplement theflqh work of his teacher Abu 1-Qasim al-Furanl al-Marwazi (d. 461/1069) is known to be extant in manuscript. His teacher of kalam theology is unknown. Yet his Kitab al-Mughnl is a summary of Ash'arite theology. In substance and method it is close to the works of al-Mutawalli's more famous contemporary and renewer of Ash'arite kalam, Imam al-Haramayn al-Juwaynl (d. 478/1085), especially, as pointed out by the editor, to his Kitab al-lrshad. The Mughni is, however, a much more concise work. The opponents whose doctrines are refuted are primarily the Mu'tazila. This primary opposition is reflected in the fact that the Mughni, like al-Juwaynl's Irshad, is arranged according to the five basic principles of the Mu'tazila. Among the other opponents occasionally named and criticized are the Sunnite traditionalists (Hashwiyya), the Karramiyya, the Imamiyya, the Batiniyya, and the Khawarij. Al-MutawallTs work is evidence for the rising tide of Ash'arite kalam in the Saljuq age on its way to becoming the predominant Sunnite theological school doctrine. The Arabic text is based on the single known manuscript of the Mughni. In spite of its relatively early date (590/1193), it is apparently full of mistakes. Some of them have been corrected by the editor through emendation. Of those remaining some are easily detected and rectified. A few passages appear badly corrupted. The edition must thus be considered provisional. The editor is to be thanked for having made it available.


Abstract In this study, a series of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) emitted to the surrounding soil as the result of the combustion of coal and wood from the industrial steam boilers and household stoves have been identified. Levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDF) in soil samples were measured at different sites in proximity to the municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) to determine baseline contamination and the contributory role of incinerator emissions. PCDF contaminants were concentrated from soil samples and isolated from other materials by chromatographic methods. PCDF isomers were identified separately by column chromatography utilizing column packed with materials such as Kieselgel/44 vol% H2SO4, Macro Alumina B Super 1, Mix. Column, Bio Beads S-X3 Gel Chromatography, Min Alumina B Super 1 + Kieselgel/AgNO3 and their quantitative determinations were performed by GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy). The PCDF levels were subsequently compared with established values from previous studies.


Literature on the function of the epididymis in sperm maturation is discussed. The morphology of the epididymis the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa sperm motility and maturation histologic characteristics of the epididymis the composition of epididymal plasma in normal animals and in cases of epididymal obstruction the influence of epididymal plasma composition on spermatozoa the role of androgens in epididymal function epdidiymal dysfunction and the effects of antiandrogens alpha-chlorohydrin and alkylating agents on epididymal function are reviewed. It is concluded that there is evidence to hypothesize that sperm maturation in the epididymis sperm elimination and the maintenance of spermatozoa is dependent on an interaction between both coating proteins and electrolytes. Further research on single proteins and enzymes is necessary to prove this hypothesis.


Effects of Long-term (18 years) different fertilization on distribution and accumulation of NO3--N in profile of red soil dry land were studied.The results showed that the applications of organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer could reduce the accumulation of NO3--N in the 0 to 100 cm soil layers significantly (P0.05);the NO3--N,which under different fertilizer treatments (except the treatments of nitrogen and kalium),could be accumulated in 40 to 60 cm soil layers,and the highest peak value of NO3--N reached 70.72 mg/kg in 20 to 40 cm soil layers of dry land with combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and kalium fertilizer;the residual ratio of NO3--N in soil under different fertilization treatments was from 0.69% to 8.31%;the application of organic manure could reduce the residue of NO3--N in the 0 to 100 cm soil significantly (P 0.05).


In this paper, we explore the power/quality trade-off for streaming applications with a shift from the computation to the communication aspects of the design. The paper proposes a systematic exploration methodology to formulate and traverse power/quality trade-off for the class of adaptive streaming applications. The formalization enables to procedurally transition from a set of design requirements to architecture goals. The architecture goals can then be realized through design choices yielding system designs that meet the initial requirements. The reported results are based on an actual implementation of Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) background subtraction on Xilinx Zynq platform.


We propose a new method for the extraction of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) from an EEG signal. It is based on adaptive filtering of signals in the wavelet domain, where the transform used is a nearly shift-invariant complex wavelet transform (CWT). We compare our algorithm to two existing methods. The first simply consists of bandpass filtering the input EEG signal followed by linear averaging. The second method uses signal-adaptive filtering in the Fourier domain based on phase variance computed at each spectral component of the FFT. Realistic models of EEG and ABR are generated for this comparison. Results show that the wavelet-based method consistently outperforms the other two methods for ABR signals with an initial signal-to-noise ratio less than -20 dB.


Based on the phase transformation of pure iron and diffusion theory,the atom diffusion model is put forward,and according to the classical diffusion theory the diffusion phase transformation mechanism is examined.Making use of the theory calculation,it is shown that the diffusion time is longer the two orders of magnitude than the transformation time while the temperature is at 800℃ and the cooling speed is at ~2000℃/s,it indicates that the phase transformation is controlled by diffusion at this temperature.But the diffusion time is less than the phase transformation time and the calculation result is in the same order of magnitude while the temperature at 740℃ and the cooling speed between 5000and 30000℃/s,so the phase transformation is controlled by the interface.But the diffusion time is more than the phase transformation time while the cooling speed at 30000℃/s,therefore it indicates the Martensite transformation occurs.


This article is an attempt to determine the place and role of information in the complex legal mechanism of shaping and developing the civil society institutions, taking into consideration the application of a cybernetic approach to this problem. The dual (social and legal) nature of the phenomenon of the civil society in Russia means that, on the one hand, it does not grow `from below' but is shaped `from above' at the state's will (which has the ability to govern the development of the civil society by way of information its institutions are able to perceive), on the other hand, the civil society is a complex, open social system whose development is qualitatively dependent of the development of its constituent components. The dialectical possibility of such development is secured by information which is exchanged between the components of the system and cannot be fully controlled by the state.


Dynamic programming solves a way of thinking that many stages make policy and the optimum problem,which is often used in the ACM.This paper discusses the basic idea of the dynamic programming and problemsolving steps.There is still a very big problem of efficiency and space in the problem solving process using the basic dynamic programming method while processing large-scale data.Using segment tree optimizating dynamic programming problem cleverly,we can improve methods and techniques for large-scale data processing,and rationally solve the problem of dynamic programming running memory intensively by the tree array which based on the segment tree.


Acoustic wave equation is typically the starting point in mathematical modeling of sound propagation, scattering, and diffraction as well as in solving inverse problems attendant to acoustic remote sensing. While acoustic wave equations are well known for motionless media, no exact, scalar wave equation has been found for sound in generic inhomogeneous, moving fluids. In this paper, an exact wave equation is derived which describes sound propagation and scattering in a wide class of inhomogeneous, moving fluids with time-dependent parameters. A number of previously proposed acoustic wave equations prove to be particular cases of the new equation.


PURPOSE: An electrical vehicle power unit using the super capacitor and an electrical vehicle demonstrate enough power at the instant acceleration state by using the characteristic of instant charge and discharge. CONSTITUTION: A motor-generator(10) drives the load and performs generation through the regenerative brake. The super capacitor(30) stores the expanded energy from outer charging energy and the motor-generator mentioned above. The battery(50) stores the power source from the super capacitor mentioned above. The battery mentioned above supplies the driving power by the motor-generator mentioned above. The engine(90) is driven in the case for the charged capacity of the battery and the super capacitor are less than the secondary power generation operating point. The generator(70) provides energy adjunctively developed from the engine driven above to the super capacitor mentioned above. [Reference numerals] (10) Motor - generator; (30) Super capacitor; (50) Battery; (70) Generator; (90) Engine; (AA) Auxiliary generation; (BB) Power unit; (CC) Charge; (DD) Regenerative power generation; (EE) Driving power


The basic logic of social governance in developed western countries has been focusing on the balance among the society,market and government,which are always in great tension. The aim of their social governance is to keep the society from the invading of government and market. While social governance in China tends to get government,market and society working together. After the planned economy and economical reform since the 1980 s,ideology gradually shifts from the emphasis of "class struggle"to highlighting "economic development",but along the process Chinese society is severely atomized and disintegrated.In this "New Normal"economy,taking the building of a society that favors people's livelihood as its logical start,social governance should get government,market and society united to cooperate in innovation,making each playing its own role while consciously maintaining mission and interests of all sides.


Cemented carbides are composites which possess an excellent compromise between hardness and toughness. For years, to improve one property without decreasing the other one, the concept of graduated structure was widely studied. In this work, we present a process to create one-step continuous gradients of several millimetres within WCCo cermet, by the imbibition method. This process was applied on commercial drilling bit. The effects of this thermal processing are analysed in term of microhardness, cobalt concentration and grains size. The results obtained on PDC drill cutter show gradients of 540HV in WC-Co bit and 350HV in bit covered by the polycrystalline diamond layer. Such gradients have never been reported before to our knowledge.


We propose a probabilistic model that generates nod motions based on utterance categories estimated from the speech input. The model comprises two main blocks. In the first block, dialogue act-related categories are estimated from the input speech. Considering the correlations between dialogue acts and head motions, the utterances are classified into three categories having distinct nod distributions. Linguistic information extracted from the input speech is fed to a cluster of classifiers which are combined to estimate the utterance categories. In the second block, nod motion parameters are generated based on the categories estimated by the classifiers. The nod motion parameters are represented as probability distribution functions (PDFs) inferred from human motion data. By using speech energy features, the parameters are sampled from the PDFs belonging to the estimated categories. Subjective experiment results indicate that the motions generated by our proposed approach are considered more natural than those of a previous model using fixed nod shapes and hand-labeled utterance categories.


Recently, privacy has a growing importance in several domains, especially in street-view images. The conventional way to achieve this is to automatically detect and blur sensitive information from these images. However, the processing cost of blurring increases with the ever growing resolution of images. We propose a system that is cost-effective even after increasing the resolution by a factor of 2.5. The new system utilizes depth data obtained from LiDAR to significantly reduce the search space for detection, thereby reducing the processing cost. Besides this, we test several detectors after reducing the detection space and provide an alternative solution based on state-of-the-art deep learning detectors to the existing HoG-SVM-Deep system that is faster and has a higher performance. Introduction Several street-view services such as Google Street View, Bing Maps Streetside, Mapillary have systematically collected and hosted millions of images. However, the privacy of an individual is vital and hence concealing this information is important for privacy protection. Typically, this is achieved by detecting the privacy-sensitive content and then blurring it. However, this becomes increasingly challenging with growing image resolution. In a commercial setting, it is preferred to exploit ultra-high resolution images which are updated frequently. A higher resolution offers a clearer view of the important content and allows to extract specific details, while the frequent updates provide better tracking of possible changes. However, these benefits come with higher production effort of images that incurs further processing cost for privacy protection. In this research for street-view imaging, since the commercial imaging vendor Cyclomedia transitions from a 100-Megapixel (Mpix) to a 250-Mpix camera system with LiDAR, we present a privacy protection solution, which offers better performance and similar processing cost to the existing system. Currently, Cyclomedia offers 100-Mpix 360° panoramic images (cycloramas), which are taken at a driving interval of every 5 meters. The new system will have 250-Mpix cycloramas along with LiDAR data acquired at the same capturing frequency. However, the current detection algorithm has a quadratic computation cost that makes it infeasible for the processing of the 250-Mpix images. The proposed system exploits the LiDAR to preprocess the 250-Mpix cycloramas such that the search space is largely reduced for the detection algorithm. To account for the quadratic cost of the current detector, we replace it with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) detector that has a linear cost for computation. We extensively test several detectors to reach the best trade-off between speed and performance. Finally, the proposed method achieves a higher detection performance and a computation cost similar to the 100-Mpix system. Related Work Various approaches are available for privacy protection in street-view images. The typical way to achieve this is to detect and blur objects in images. One of the first approach for privacy protection explores a two-stage detector [1]. The first stage comprises of two detectors running in parallel, one with high recall and another with high precision. This is followed by a postprocessing step that converts the output regions in the bounding box to a feature vector that is passed to a neural network. If the output from the neural network exceeds a certain threshold, then it is blurred. Apart from detection and blurring methods, there are only a few approaches that simultaneously detect, remove and inpaint pedestrians [2, 3]. However, inpainting based on the context leads to inaccurate content and is not preferred for commercial applications. With the advances in deep learning, object detection has improved significantly. Object detection provides a reliable way to localize and detect objects of interest. Several deep learningbased object detection algorithms are available with trade-offs between speed and performance. They are built on top of CNN architectures such as ResNet and its variants [4, 5]. Each of the CNN architectures has a meta-architecture on top that completes the object detection framework. Popular meta-architectures include Faster-RCNN, Region-based Fully Convolutional Network (RFCN) and Single Shot Multi-box detector (SSD) [6, 7, 8]. Both Faster-RCNN and RFCN are two-stage detectors. Faster-RCNN has a region proposal network (RPN) that utilizes predefined anchor boxes which are later refined, whereas RFCN has a positionsensitive RoI pooling that encodes class-specific positional information into specific feature maps. SSD is a single-stage detector that directly predicts a bounding box and its score at each spatial position using a small convolution layer. Compared to both Faster-RCNN and RFCN, SSD is faster due to its single-stage approach. However, the two-stage networks offer better performance. In this research, we compare the performance of these meta-architectures on top of different CNN architectures, in order to find a detector that is suited to replace the existing face and license plate detectors. Nowadays, LiDAR-based system are becoming more prevalent in the autonomous driving industry. RGB-D-based object detection has been explored in [9, 10]. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that utilizes depth obtained from LiDAR to reduce the search space of a detection algorithm. ar X iv :1 90 3. 05 59 8v 1 [ cs .C V ] 1 3 M ar 2 01 9


Abstract : The overall purpose of these studies is to develop a body of knowledge about the structure, organization, and dynamics of the defense R and D industry in the United States as an aid to the Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (ODDRE). The body of knowledge is intended to provide a basis for improving ODDRE's ability to: (1) Set and modify Department of Defense (DOD) Research Development Test and Evaluation (RDTE) objectives, as they relate to nontechnological factors affecting the performance of defense RDTE either directly or through the environment in which such work is performed. (2) Supervise the achievement of these objectives. (3) Encourage improvement of the defense R and D industry's capability and efficiency in meeting DOD's needs (and other national needs). (4) Modify or mitigate the deleterious effects of shifts in defense R and D procurement.


For an educator, the selection of instructional media should be done appropriately or relevant to other aspects of learning, efficient, and interesting. Learning media that have been applied by teachers to make students become passive, bored and less able to absorb the material taught, so that student learning outcomes become low. This study aims to determine the level of validity of media experts and material experts on mind power mapping media based on the sub-topic of the cell that has been developed students of class VII even semester academic year 2016/2017. Research method in this research is Research and Development (R & D), development model used is Luther model, where this model developed through six stages, namely (1) concept, (2) design, (3) collection of materials 4) manufacture, (5) trial, and (6) distribution. This research was conducted in SMP Islam Jenu with 25 students. Data collection techniques use a sheet of media expert validation and material experts. The result of the development research shows that the validity level of mind power mapping based on powerpoint that has been developed reaches 90% in terms of category material expert is very valid, and 91% in terms of expert of category media is very valid. With the average validity of media experts and material experts reached 90.5% it shows that the validity level of media mind mapping based on powerpoint as a learning media is very valid and ready to be utilized in actual learning activities. Based on the results of the research, the learning media mind-based mind mapping developed otherwise valid, and very good to be applied as a medium of learning


Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of type 316L and type 310S SS in pressurized water (561/613K) and supercritical water (773K) at deaerated condition and with dissolved-hydrogen (DH) ranging from 0.014 to 1.4 ppm were examined by means of slow strain rate test (SSRT) method at a strain rate of 5 © 1017 s11. SCC susceptibility of type 316L SS depends on test temperature and DH content. The SCC susceptibility, which was evaluated as a brittle fracture ratio, increased with increasing test temperature from 561 to 613K, while it became much smaller in supercritical water at 773K. At 613K, the fracture ratio of intergranular (IG) SCC increased with increasing DH content in the pressurized water, although almost no IGSCC was observed at 561K at any DH conditions. However, the IGSCC initiated at near specimen surface and transferred to transgranular (TG) SCC inside the specimen. The SCC susceptibility of type 310S SS is significantly lower than that of type 316L SS in the hydrogenated water at 561 and 613K, while the trend appears to be reverse at 773K. It is suggested that higher DH content in water is necessary to trigger IGSCC than TGSCC at 613K. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2018064]


Looks at the way traditional family units are ceasing to operate and proffers a wider definition for the family, outlining the criteria used by a number of companies to offer family healthcare. Considers the tax implications and the costs and impacts of this extension of care. Gives arguments against this extension but concludes that it may be fair, equitable and economically feasible to extend coverage.


The following piece will represent the first in-depth evaluation of the lives of Saint Augustine and his mother Monica in the as-yet unpublished Abbotsford manuscript, Bokenham's long-lost translation of the Legenda Aurea, a text which survives in a single manuscript, purchased by Sir Walter Scott at Sotheby's in 1809, which had remained unattributed and unstudied until it was brought to the attention of Simon Horobin by the Faculty of Advocates in 2004 (Horobin 2008: 135). As a celebration of the remarkable piety of a wife and mother (as opposed to a virgin martyr), it is a highly unusual hagiographic text and would have presented a particularly accessible model of spirituality to the network of powerful lay female patrons by whom we know Bokenham to have been employed. I will argue that Bokenham's vita espouses an incarnational Augustinian poetics which is at odds with the more ascetic, eremitical vision of the original Legenda Aurea.Keywords: Osbern Bokenham; Abbotsford Legenda Aurea; Augustine; Monica; hagiography


The exterior flow field of air-cooled platform was numerically simulated for one 300 MW direct air-cooled unit.The effects of different wind velocity on heat exchange efficiency of direct air-cooled condenser were analyzed.The cause of air inverse flow at the edge of platform and the hot air re-circulation was expounded.The measures to enhance the heat exchange efficiency of the air-cooled condenser were explored so as to make the direct air-cooled unit operate stably and economically.


We present new results from our spectral analyses of very hot central stars achieved since the last IAU Symposium on planetary nebulae held in Canberra 2001. The analyses are mainly based on UV and far‐UV spectroscopy performed with the Hubble Space Telescope and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer but also on ground‐based observations performed at the Very Large Telescope and other observatories. We report on temperature, gravity, and abundance determinations for the CNO elements of hydrogen‐rich central stars. In many hydrogen‐deficient central stars (spectral type PG1159) we discovered particular neon and fluorine lines, which are observed for the very first time in any astrophysical object. Their analysis strongly confirms the idea that these stars exhibit intershell matter as a consequence of a late helium‐shell flash.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate and compare the Emigration Museums in Korea and Germany: The Museum of Korea Emigration History(MKEH), The German Emigration Center in Bremerhaven and BallinStadt, and The Emigration Museum Hamburg. First, we introduce the history and characteristics of each museum. The results of our observations and interviews with visitors and the representatives of the museums would be reflected to find out, how the museums their identity build and what are their similarities and differences. It lies at the center of our observation and the comparison, whether the themes of the exhibition are appropriately transferred through the communication with the visitors. MKEH opened on June 13, 2008 and is located on Wolmi Island to close the Incheon's harbour from where the first generation of Korean Americans departed 100 years ago. The German Emigration Center in Bremerhaven, situated in the New Harbor, opened on August 8, 2005 and was visited annually by more than 200 thousand people. It opened its new extension wing on April 22, 2012, which focuses on the history of Germany as a country of immigration. BallinStadt The Emigration Museum Hamburg, located on the ground of the former 'Emigrants' Halls' on Veddel Island, opened on July 4, 2007. These 3 Museums have in common that they are located on historic ground that was the departure point for the emigrants to the new world. In addition, they all try combining the educational and entertaining aspects in the exhibition. Based on our observations and research, we'll make some suggestions for MKEH. First, related to the preparation process of the exhibition, a good exhibition requires the solid research of the historical facts. Second, it is needed to check, on which aspect of the basic concepts - Education or Entertainment? - MKEH puts a greater weight and what are the advantages and disadvantages of this concept. Third, the interaction of visitors and museum must be reflected in a more aggressive scheme. Fourth, MKEH has focused until now mainly on the emigration to America, especially to Hawaii. It is recommendable to focus on the history of emigration to other continents and the history of immigration to Korea as well. Finally, the Museum should exist in the close connection with the neighboring regions. It should prepare it's exhibition in the thematic conjunction with the other museums and provide the visitors with more varied and interesting context for their own reflection and recognition.


Objective To understand the blood lipid reducing effect of cordyceps polysaccharide from cultivated cordycep militaris (Fr) Link mycelium Methods The 70 rats were divided into three experimental dose groups, one positive group with basic feed and another control group with high fat, each consisted of 14 rats samples were orally given to the rats in the three experimental groups at the daily doses of 80 0, 40 0 and 20 0 mg/kg BW, for a consecutive period of 29 days The level of cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determine on 15 th and 30 th day Results The TC and TG levels on the 30 th day in the three experimental groups were 1 83 and 0 45, 1 80 and 0 38, 2 43 and 0 53 mmol/L, respectively, apparently lower than that of 2 20 and 0 76 in the control group with high fat (P0 01); While the HDL/-C level in the three experimental groups was 1 52, 1 41 and 1 61, respectively, obviously higher than that of 1 06mmol/L in the control group with high fat (P0 01) Conclusion The cultivated cordyceps polysaccharide is effective for reducing blood pilid


Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is increased in patients with colorectal cancer, but no one has investigated if CDI is also higher in individuals with prior history of colorectal adenomas seen on colonoscopy. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based cohort study composed of patients with diarrhea admitted to University of Michigan from 3/2016 to 12/2017 who were tested for C. difficile. Two hundred ninety-six diagnosed with C. difficile and 571 with non-C. difficile diarrhea were enrolled into the larger study. We abstracted prior colonoscopy reports and pathology reports from the medical records. Patients who had undergone colonoscopy were included in this analysis. Six hundred forty-seven underwent colonoscopy and 111 were diagnosed with colorectal adenomas prior to enrollment in the study. Logistic regression models were used to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) to evaluate comparisons between cases diagnosed with C. difficile and non-C. difficile diarrhea controls. We analyzed the association between history of colorectal adenoma diagnosis and CDI. (Figure, Table) Results: We found an increased risk of CDI in individuals with a prior colorectal adenoma (HR 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.54) after adjusting for age, sex, obesity, complicated and uncomplicated diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. Notably we also found a significant decreasing association between time since polypectomy and CDI with greater risk associated with greater time since colonoscopy. Conclusion: This study showed a higher incidence of CDI in individuals with a prior history of adenoma.Risk decreases over time since last polypectomy, which lends support to the hypothesis that there is a link between adenomas and subsequent CDI risk. Futures studies are needed to confirm this finding and elucidate mechanisms as this relationship could help target prophylactic measures in these individuals to avoid future infection.


Proliferative activity of tumour cells, as assessed by the Ki‐67 labelling index, has been suggested as a potential prognostic indicator in many neoplastic diseases. Meaningful application of the immunohistochemically determined tumour cell growth fraction in clinical decision‐making requires information about its inter‐laboratory reproducibility. To assess the reproducibility of Ki‐67 determined growth fraction, a multi‐centre immunohistochemical trial was performed with 172 participating laboratories, each testing 30 different tissue samples. Evaluating 5160 Ki‐67 labelling indices with a newly developed tissue microarray, good inter‐observer reproducibility but high inter‐laboratory variability was found. Reassessment of all stainings revealed considerable inter‐laboratory differences in the intensity and frequency of labelled nuclei, suggesting that antigen retrieval or staining techniques are predominantly responsible for the inter‐laboratory variability found in this trial. Consequently, cut‐off levels for Ki‐67, suggested to distinguish prognostic subgroups in tumours, appear to have limited reproducibility in a multi‐centre approach. It is concluded that there is a need to standardize the immunohistochemical determination of the Ki‐67 labelling index when it is used as a prognostic indicator in surgical pathology. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This essay attempts to involve Eileen Chang and Roland Barthes in an encounter through the phenomenology of image in their looking at old photos. Leo Lee claims the "Eileen Chang creates a sense of mystery in a fabulous aesthetic context" in Looking at the Old Photos; however, the sense of Eileen Chang's look is not a complete mystery. In my opinion, Roland Barthes's Camera Lucida provides a phenomenological approach for understanding the sense of mystery in Looking at the Old Photos. My comparison of these two books focuses on three main points. First, in the photographic gaze of Eileen Chang looking at herself, in Roland Barthes' words, the unfamiliarity makes her have a multiple understanding of her countenance and gesture. Secondly, Camera Lucida develops the twin concepts of studium and punctum to explain the attraction of photos. These concepts apply as well to Eileen Chang's habit of looking by which she always notices the details of clothing at first glance. Finally, just as Camera Lucida is a eulogy to Barthes's late mother, Looking at the Old Photos can be taken as a eulogy Eileen Chang' late mother and family members, as well. Roland Barthes and Eileen Chang both hold that the essence of a certain what has been can be revived by looking at photos.


Condensed tannins derived from the grape berry play a significant role in wine astringency, bitterness, color stability, and aging potential. Understanding the regional, varietal, and seasonal variability in winegrape tannin composition throughout berry development is essential for developing vineyard strategies to manage and manipulate winegrape tannin to meet winery specifications. Current knowledge of tannin accumulation and composition in grape berries is largely based on a single variety and geographical region, with most studies investigating seed tannin. To explore the variation in tannin accumulation and composition, Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon grape skin from two growing seasons in the Sunraysia region of southeast Australia were measured by acid-catalyzed cleavage in the presence of phloroglucinol. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the subunit composition, total tannin content, and average polymer length throughout berry development. The pattern of tannin accumulation and composition were similar for both varieties and seasons, with tannin content highest at fruit set before declining toward veraison. The pattern of accumulation and composition seen in grape skin from this study was different to that previously reported in Shiraz from the cooler growing region of McLaren Vale in South Australia where tannin content was highest at veraison. Results indicate that the differences between the pattern of tannin accumulation and composition in Sunraysia and McLaren Vale may be due to regional influences, which had greater impact on tannin composition than varietal or seasonal variability. Further research is required to determine the full extent of variation between regions and to determine the environmental factors that can be used to influence the pattern of tannin accumulation.


This paper systematically introduces the origin, development, and the state-of-the-art of artificial intelligence, and from the viewpoint of control, elaborates the possible problems, challenges, and opportunities when applying artificial intelligence to control systems. We highlight the importance of intelligent algorithms and simulations in intelligent control, and emphasize that the core of intelligent control is the control algorithms constructed via artificial intelligence. We discuss the relations between artificial intelligence and the classic control theory. We further state that classic control and intelligent control do not conflict and thus should cooperate with each other. We should thoroughly investigate the merits, disadvantages, and feasible scenarios of classic control and intelligent control, to ensure that one can complement the other. Finally, we provide some suggestions on presenting novel intelligent control methods, establishing simulation platforms of intelligent control, and setting up multidisciplinary joint research centers.


This paper presents an analytical approach to evaluate the level of post-disaster adaptation (Bounce-Back) of communities based on their resilience. While resilience is the intrinsic characteristics of a system, adaptation considers external agents in its assessment. The presented work is to some extent a parallelism to the risk assessment concept. Generally, risk is a function of vulnerability, exposure, and hazard, whereas adaptation considers resilience instead of vulnerability in its estimation. This leads to the evaluation of a system's ability to cope with after-shock consequences and to return back to a functional state rather than the likelihood of a system to experience damage. The paper also proposes a quantitative framework for assessing resilience at the state level based on the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA), a work done by the UN. HFA has succeeded in assessing the resilience of every state in a quantifiable fashion. HFA estimates the resilience of countries based on a number of indicators that are weighted equally. Those indicators, however, do not contribute equally to the resilience output; therefore, it is necessary to weigh those indicators according to their contribution towards resilience. To do so, we are introducing the Dependence Tree Analysis (DTA), which identifies the strength of relationships between the indicators and the resilience, giving weights to the indicators accordingly. A full case study composed of 37 countries is presented in this paper, where the resilience and the Bounce Back indices of each country are evaluated.


The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer was confirmed in recent research. How to practice adjuvant chemotherapy in clinical medicine is still controversial. Some important researches about adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC were analyzed. Chinese Society of Lung Cancer built consensus of adjuvant treatment for NSCLC.


Retrieval is one of the stages in case-based reasoning system which find a solution to new problem or case by measuring the similarity between the new case and old cases in the case base. Some of the similarity measurement techniques are involving feature weights that show the importance of the feature in a case. Feature weights can be obtained from a domain expert or by using a feature weighting method either locally or globally. Gradient descent is the feature weighting method which computes global weights for each feature. This research implemented gradient descent to obtain feature weights in case-based reasoning for hepatitis diagnosis and the similarity measurement using weighted Euclidean distance. There are four variations number of case base and test data that used in this research, those are: the first variation using 50% of data as case base and 50% as test data second variation using 60% of data as case base and 40% as test data, third variation using 70% of data as case base and 30% as test data and fourth variation using 80% of data as case base and 20% as test data. For each variation, using 4 kinds of scenario to mark the test data those are in first scenario the test data mark at the end of data, in second scenario the test data mark at the begin of data, in third scenario the test data mark half at the begin and half at the end of data and in the fourth scenario the test data mark in the middle of data. The result of this research showed that the accuracy of the system reaches 100% at scenario 1 in variation 4. Overall of all four variations and four kinds of scenario, the average accuracy of the system was 77.55%, average recall of system was 69.74%, and the average of precision was 78.39%. In addition, the level of accuracy was also influenced by the number of case base and the scenario of case selection for the case base. This is because more cases in the case base, the chances of a system to finding similar cases will be more.


OBJECTIVE
To describe the incidence and location of the facial nerve dehiscence (FND) in chronic suppurative otitis media patients with and without cholesteatoma.

METHODS
360 patients (370 ears) who received canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy due to otitis media(145 ears without cholesteatoma and 225 ears with cholesteatoma) were analyzed retrospectively, in which the incidence and locations of FND was studied, and the relevance for FND, clinical features (age, disease duration, preoperative facial paralysis) and intraoperative findings (state of FND and lateral semicircular canal fistula), were analyzed.

RESULTS
The presence of FND was 31.6% of total surgical procedures and the locations of FND were the tympanic segment. The dehiscence was detected 28.4% (94/334) in adults, but 61.1% (22/36) in the patients 18 years and younger, the differences were statistical significance (P < 0.05). The dehiscence rate was 37.1% (104/280) and 14.4% (13/90) respectively, in the cases of disease duration more than and less than 5 years, with significant difference (P < 0.05). Facial nerve dehiscence was detected in 29 patients (20.0%) and 89(39.1%) in cases without and with cholesteatoma respectively (P < 0.05). Facial nerve prolapse over the oval window was 11.4% (42/370), with FND of 83.3% (35/42). The incidence of lateral semicircular canal fistula was 7.8% (29/370), with FND of 65.5% (19/29). The presence of preoperative facial paralysis with FND was 75.0% (18/24), and that without FND was 28.6% (99/346), the differences were statistical significance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of FND most commonly located at the tympanic segment. The facial nerves should be taken much care in mastoidectomy for patients with cholesteatoma, preoperative facial paralysis and lateral semicircular canal fistula, as well as long disease duration.


Kliphuis (stonehouse), Muizenberg: Probably the oldest known cave in the Muizenberg Mountains, some of the names are clearly visible in the picture, the rocks being literally covered with names and dates. The oldest date which is barely visible now, dates back to 2nd November 1873. The cave faces North-West and will easily accomodate a dozen persons for a weekend during bad weather.


Thank you for downloading high resolution 3d seismic imaging in practice. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this high resolution 3d seismic imaging in practice, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their computer. high resolution 3d seismic imaging in practice is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the high resolution 3d seismic imaging in practice is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The invention provides an optical device and a manufacturing method therefor. The light output efficiency is increased. The optical device (1) includes a substrate (21) and a light emitting layer (22) formed on the front surface of the substrate (21). Both the front surface (21a) and the back surface (21b) of the substrate (21) are parallel to each other and have substantially the same rectangular shape. The substrate has four side surfaces (21c) connecting the front surface (21a) and the back surface (21b) of the substrate. Of the four side surfaces, each of the two side surfaces adjacent to each other has a convex sectional shape between the front surface and the back surface of the substrate, and each of the other two side surfaces adjacent to each other has a concave sectional shape between the front surface and the back surface of the substrate.


ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to investigate the joint determination of household choice for health and life insurance. Using the 2008–2009 Consumer Expenditure Survey data, we model household choice for health and life insurance assuming households consider purchasing them to manage financial risks in their life, after accounting for household characteristics, insurance characteristics, health status, and disability status. The model allows assessing the impact of health insurance choice on the choice of life insurance and the correlation between these two choices. The result suggests that health insurance choice positively affects the choice of life insurance and these two choices are positively correlated indicating complementary nature of these insurances in the basket of households' risk minimising goods.


THE increased enrollment in Italian classes occasioned by an awakened pride in the motherland on the part of our Italian-American populace has brought in its train problems sufficient to challenge the ingenuity and skill of any teacher of the language. The transition from dialects, apocopated and truncated forms, current idiom, and slang, to the formality of classroom grammar is a task only matched by the identical parallel in English. A set of rules, carefully canvassed in a grammar, is scarcely sufficient to counterbalance the facile, incorrect jargon of the home. Solutions to the problem, however, are not lacking. Grammar should and must be reduced to its simplest terms. In place of such terms as the definite and indefinite article, choose the expression "the words for the and a in Italian are ... ". Look from the window and pick out one of a number of similar objects. Explain that no definite one is held in mind. Ask in English how to express more than one of the objects, still retaining no idea of a definite number. Following immediately upon your question comes the word some. You have gained half a point. Then some is the plural, indefinite idea, and some in Italian is formed by combining the word for of with the word for the, the form depending upon the noun (name of a person, place, or thing) which follows. Solution number two: Is there any way to know when consonants are doubled in Italian? Select a number of English words that are composed of root plus prefix. Note the dissimilarity between the consonantal ending of the prefix and the initial consonant of the root. In Italian we have a language-phenomenon known as assimilation of consonants, a simplification of pronunciation, if you will: admire-ammirare; exception-eccezione. Is your class lucky enough to have studied Latin? Remember the rate of forgetting and then state that Italian nouns usually retain the gender of their Latin predecessors. Has your class studied French? Gender in the Romance languages is a fairly constant quotient. Has your class studied neither? You have three ways to teach gender: word-ending, adjectival agreement, and word-meaning. Woe to the boy who says la padre-the gift of language perhaps is not his. Irregular verbs, those terrors of the average student, are best learned through the association of the participle with a noun from the same root:


Third virus-free Daxiyang 1 was used as seed potato for the experiment to compare the effects of different no-tillage cultivation models on yield and economic benefit of potato.The results showed that in five cultivation models,the effects of ditch soil on bottom and covering 6750kg/hm2 rice straw on plant rows were the best,the yield of potato reached 22245.6kg/hm2.Compared to the conventional cultivation method,the yield increased 6547.2kg/hm2 with 41.7%,and the increasing income was 3306.7yuan RMB/hm2.Therefore,this cultivation model could be extended for winter-planting potato production.


Calcium is an electrolyte that is effective in maintaining cell integrity and is found at a high rate in the body. Hypercalcemia is an uncommon but vital electrolyte disorder in childhood, unlike adults. Long-term exposure to hypercalcemia may be associated with mortality and morbidity. Hypercalcemia may develop due to many reasons and there are usually no specific findings at presentation. Therefore, when evaluating hypercalcemia cases, it should be kept in mind that there is a wide differential diagnosis list and that there are different treatment approaches.


ABSTRACT Purpose To describe endogenous endophthalmitis in the setting of Covid-19 pneumonia post recovery. Methods Retrospective review of five patients of endogenous endophthalmitis following Covid-19 disease done. Results All five cases had received systemic corticosteroid for a mean duration of 7 days during severe Covid-19 treatment. Decrease vision was presenting symptom between 1 and 31 days following Covid-19 recovery. All patients had presumed fungal endogenous endophthalmitis based on clinical profile. Four out of five patients subjected to pars plana vitrectomy had microbiologically proven aspergillus species endogenous endophthalmitis on vitreous fluid assessment; two cases each of aspergillus niger and aspergillus fumigates. Four eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil injection had shown satisfactory anatomical outcome with control of the infection; however, no significant visual gain achieved. Conclusion We reported five cases of aspergillus endogenous endophthalmitis in Covid-19 recovered patients to document the likely presentation of this rising entity and avoid misdiagnosis.


The motives of women of different ages in participating in tennis in Jiangmen city are surveyed,the relationship between motivation and age is analysed,and the initiatives by Jiangmen to promote women's tennis is summed up,and proposals for further developing women's tennis in Jiangmen and creating a tennis city are advanced.


【Objective】To investigate the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8) in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF).【Methods】The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in 56 patients with CHF and 25 normal controls were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.【Results】①IL-6 and IL-8 levels were higher in CHF group compared with those of control group;②IL-6 and IL-8 levels were negatively related to left ventricular ejection fraction(r=-0.62 and-0.49,respectively;P0.01),but not related to the primary diseases of CHF.【Conclusion】Elevated IL-6 and IL-8 levels are present in patients with CHF,and they may play an important role in pathophysiologic changes of CHF.


The invention relates to a Warmeisoliersystem for shielding at least one hot area to its surroundings, comprising plate-shaped insulating elements, wherein each insulator is formed in multiple layers and at least one layer of a hollow glass sphere material. This Warmeisoliersystem has a long service life, provides good insulation and ready is an easy to install.


An efficient [4+1C]insert approach to the coupling of enaminones with donor/acceptor or donor/donor carbenes by the AgOTf-catalyzed C–C bond carbenoid formal insertion/cyclization/[1,5]-shift casca...


: Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasitic infection. In human, malaria is an important one is an potentially mortal mosquito-borne illness characterized by cyclic battles of fever with inflexibility of muscle, shaking and sweating in the tropical countries. Here, the author reports a case of malaria in a university study after returning from camping trip. This case can imply the importance of travel medicine and bring the attention of the physician in the Western in facing up with a case of unexplained fever returning from trips in tropical forest in Southeast Asia.


The invention discloses a method for compressing bitmap with an aim to provide the method for improving encoding rate of the bitmap indexes. The method includes: dividing bit sequences into groups taking 31 bits as a unit, wherein the groups include two categories of F-groups and L-groups, the F-groups include 0-F-groups and 1-F-groups, the L-groups include two categories of C-L-groups and NI-L-groups, and the NI-L-groups include the NI-L-groups of 0-NI-L types and 1-NI-L types; merging group sequences of all the groups; encoding the merged group sequences. Compared with a compressing method in the prior art, the method has the advantages that the L-groups are further divided in type, encoding situation is expanded, and encoding rate is increased.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of octogenarians (≥80 years of age) in a contemporary, multi‐centre percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) registry.


In order to gain effective signal from synthetic seismogram disturbed by random noise and strong surface wave, this paper, to start with, recovers surface wave events by the method of singular value decomposition (SVD). After eliminating surface wave from the synthetic seismogram, the methods of wavelet transform and the local SVD are used for suppressing partial random noise. A new method, introduced to determine the optimal slope of the surface wave, helps to extract surface wave better. Simulations have confirmed that it is effective to process the synthetic seismogram.


There are many reasons why a trustee in bankruptcy may be unable to obtain a statement of affairs (SOA) from a bankrupt as required by s 54 (1) of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth) (the Act). In practice, not receiving a SOA from a bankrupt is a common occurrence which generally leads to indefinite bankruptcy.


Reliable, standard-based networking is one of the key enablers for mobile and ubiquitous health monitoring. In particular, multi-hop IPv6-based wireless sensor body area network is one of the most attractive candidates for true internet of things in healthcare. This paper describes a proposal for a modular system comprising 6LoWPAN communication modules, optimized modules for application-specific sensing/digital signal processing, as well as energy harvesting and energy management modules. The connection between the modules is unified, enabling the creation of a wide variety of measurement setups. The unified DSP modules can be used to measure e.g. electrical bio-impedance, ECG, multi-axis acceleration, SpO2, etc. The DSP modules are integrated with low power, small size 6LoWPAN communication controller modules; IEEE 1588-2008/PTP is used for synchronizing the data acquisition nodes.


A macroscopic model for the non – stationary heat transfer processes in a periodic honeycomb – type anisotropic rigid conductor is formulated. The main aim of this contribution is to show that the macroscopic properties of this conductor are isotropic. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The fusion tracking based on data-link and photoelectric sensor was developed as a better method for passive target tracking.According to the different characteristics of data-link and photoelectric sensor,the improved interacting current statistical mode filter extrapolation was used on the data of data-link for time registration.The interacting multiple model convolution particle filter(IMM-CPF) was used for fusion tracking because of the nonlinear feature of photoelectric sensor's angle information.Computer simulation was made by using the IMM-CPF and EKF algorithm,and the result showed that fusion tracking by using the IMM-CPF algorithm based on data-link and photoelectric sensor is effective for the target tracking.


The cylinder liners' surface is really important in an engine because it corresponds with piston rings to a tribologic system indispensable to know for reasons of wear, of oil consumption and engin ...


In this paper, the effects of using fibers on the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths as well as fracture toughness of concrete were investigated experimentally. Rebound numbers and pulse velocities were also measured. Steel, polypropylene and glass fibers were tested at 0.5% for the steel fibers and 0.1% for the polypropylene and glass fibers by volume of concrete. Two water-cement ratios (w/c=0.65 and 0.45) and two different curing (air and moist) conditions were used. Slight increases in strengths were obtained by the use of fibers. Steel fibers were the most effective in increasing the strengths. Glass fibers performed better in splitting tensile and flexural strengths whereas polypropylene fibers were better in compressive strength. Fracture toughness of steel fiber concrete was much higher than the other mixtures at both water-cement ratios. Other fibers helped to improve the fracture toughness slightly compared to the control mix without fibers.


Thermal-insulating technology of external wall and new energy-saving materials are the major ways to realize energy conservation. The Paper studies the thermal-insulating properties of wall of timber-structure building. First, the Paper briefly introduces development course of building wall and points out energy conservation is the important direction for the development of building wall, secondly, the Paper states the present development status of light timber-structure wall and gives domestic and foreign researches and calculation process of the heat transfer value of light timber-structure wall; finally, the paper introduces the researches on environmentally-friendly timber wall materials and points out the unique advantages.


We report on extensive investigations of magnetism at the n-type LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface performed by utilizing a spectrum of local and integrative analytical techniques: Scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy, polar Kerr magnetometry, ferromagnetic resonance, and magnetic torque magnetometry. The samples originated from the same wafers. For nominally fully oxidized samples, we find that the mere presence of the conducting interface does not induce magnetism to values exceeding already present magnetic signals originating from the substrates, irrespective of the measurement technique. With the controlled introduction of oxygen vacancies, however, the different analytical techniques with their inherently different sensitivities and potential interactions with possible magnetic moments in the samples yield different results concerning the existence of magnetism. These unexpected differences obtained with the various measurement techniques are a possible source of the disagreement in the literature about the existence of ferromagnetism at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces.


It seemed unfortunately fitting that, just before I began to write this review of Rosemary-Claire Collard's important book, Animal Traffic, I read a story about five monkeys spotted in a Cincinnati, Ohio, neighborhood. Police believed they were not from the zoo, but privately owned. Witnesses reported that the monkeys were tall, with very long, skinny arms, and I immediately thought of the spider monkeys Collard describes. This news story illustrates one of most basic, yet significant, things communicated in this book—that exotic pets are not just in the domain of sensationalist documentaries like Netflix's wildly popular (and disturbing) Tiger King, or found snarling and slithering somewhere on the estates of drug kingpins. There are untold multitudes of these animals existing in more mundane settings throughout the United States and globally, and we only occasionally get a glimpse of this world when there are "escapees." In Animal Traffic, Collard informs us of the only partially accounted for magnitude of the global exotic pet trade, but of course she does much more. Her project is to theorize these animals as what she calls "lively capital," to demonstrate the global pet trade's effects on these sentient beings' lives and communities, and to project her analysis onto the effects of capitalism on noncaptive wild animals and the natural world more broadly. Collard draws on Marxist, feminist, and postcolonial theory/theorists in crafting her analysis, deftly applying elements originally focused on inanimate objects to the living subjects of her work. Throughout, Collard also provides details of her experiences in the field in Mexico and Central America at biosphere reserves and a rehabilitation facility for former exotic pets, and in various North American locations at exotic pet auctions and sanctuaries. In these sections she shows herself to be not only a thoughtful scholar, but also an exceptionally engaging writer, employing beautifully descriptive prose to recount details from her fieldwork. Not absent from this book are Collard's recognition of her positionality as a Global North academic, and her emotional responses to the situations she witnesses. The book is set out in five chapters. In the introduction, Collard discusses her goals and arguments, and gives an overview of the global exotic pet trade. As a foundation for her analysis, she establishes a set of traits—"individual, controllable, and encounterable" (p. 29)—with which a wild animal must be imbued to ultimately transform into a living, yet thing-like, commodity ("lively capital"). These traits are what provide "use value" for humans, and Collard explains that for the commodity transformation to happen, exotic animals "are subject to


An advanced neutron diagnostic system has been developed for spectrum measurements on MFTF. Its collimated field of view allows spatially resolved neutron spectrum measurements. The 10 Mhz pulse height analysis and particle identification capability allow spectrum measurements in intervals as short as 10 ms. These capabilities will be used for space and time resolved determinations of ion energy from measurements of neutron Doppler width.


This paper presents the comparison of the two optimization methods, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) in boundary element inverse analysis that applied to detect the corrosion location of rebar in the concrete. This comparison focuses at analyzing the performance of both methods in reaching the global optimum, considering that both heuristics are based on population search techniques. The model of 2-dimension rectangular reinforced concrete was used as a case example to compare both methods in boundary element inverse analysis. The boundary element inverse analysis was developed by combining Boundary Element Method (BEM) and PSO or GA. The inverse analysis is carried out by means of minimizing a cost function. The cost function is a residual between the calculated and measured potentials on the concrete surface. The calculated potentials are obtained by solving the Laplaces equation using BEM. The GA or PSO is used to minimize the cost function. Thus, the corrosion location of reinforcing steel in concrete can be detected. The numerical simulation results showed that one of PSO or GA can be used for the inverse analysis for detecting rebar corrosion by combining with BEM. However, it shows that PSO seem numerically superior compared to GA in term of consistency and accuracy in finding global optimum solution for such a problem.


Recently, driver fatigue is considered worldwide as the main reason of vehicle accidents. However, measuring of the driver fatigue can be directly throughout measuring the driver drowsiness state. This paper is aimed to build a drowsiness detection system. The system applied consists of two part: pre-recorded EOG signals and application of IR sensor on the eyes blinking. The results revealed a good detection of the eyes blinking based on a biological signal from the sensors. Wearable driver drowsiness detection system is a suitable alternative for reducing vehicle accidents.


By using model vegetation (e.g., synthetic bars), vortex structures in a channel with vegetation patches have been studied. It has been reported that vortex structures, including both the vertical and horizontal vortexes, may be produced in the wake in the channel bed with a finite-width vegetation patch. In the present experimental study, both velocity and TKE have been measured (via Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter—ADV) to study the formation of vortexes behind four vegetation patches in the channel bed. These vegetation patches have different dimensions, from the channel-bed fully covered patch to small-sized patches. Model vegetation used in this research is closely similar to vegetation in natural rivers with a gravel bed. The results show that, for a channel with a small patch (Lv/Dc = 0.44 and Dv/Dc = 0.33; where Lv and Dv are the length and width of patch and Dc is the channel width, respectively), both the flow passing through the patch and side flow around the patch have a considerable effect on the formation of flow structures beyond the patch. The results of further analysis via 3D classes of the bursting events show that the von Karman vortex street splits into two parts beyond the vegetation patch as the strong part near the surface and the weak part near the bed; while the middle part of the flow is completely occupied by the vertical vortex formed at a distance of 0.8–1 Hv beyond the vegetation patch, and thus, the horizontal vortexes cannot be detected in this region. The octant analysis is conducted for the coherent shear stress analysis that confirms the results of this experimental study.


The Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve (DSNP) contains 30,000 ha of lake and 81,000 ha of lowland, seasonally flooded forest. It is the largest network of inland lakes on the island of Borneo. The reserve is inhabited by over 5,5000 Melayu fishermen who live in permanent or mobile settlements along the major watercourses. Most of the fishing implements used by the local population are made from rattan, and large quantities of rattan are also harvested and sold to timber companies for lashing together rafts of logs. The three most commonly used species at DSNP are duri antu (Calamus schistoacanthus Bl.), duri tapah (Calamus tapa Becc.), and duri pelanduk (Ceratolobus hallierianus Dransfield). Inventory results indicate that the three rattans differ greatly in terms of the number of harvestable clumps/ha (>4.0 m tall). The most abundant species, duri antu, forms populations with over 900 clumps/ha., duri pelanduk grows at densities of 400-500 clumps/ha, and duri tapah averages only 50 clumps/ha. Based on the observed relationship between clump height and number of canes/ clump, it is estimated that there are over 34,000 duri antu canes/ha growing in the flooded forest of DSNP. Although these densities seem impressive, an analyses of local demand, productivity, and current harvest intensities reveal that local rattan resources are being gradually over-exploited. In response to this situation, several fishing communities have started to manage their rattan resources by controlling harvests and rehabilitating and enriching natural stands.


The number of consumers can be used as a measuring tool in determining the company's sales success. Repurchase intention reflects the needs of consumers in repeat purchasing patterns. Factors that can increase repurchase intention are knowledge of products and consumer involvement with products. Product knowledge can increase repurchase intention because with the information about the quality of the product can trigger repeat purchases. Also, product involvement can increase repurchase intention because the consumers can evaluate the products directly and decide to purchase another product that has met their needs This study aims to measure the effect of product knowledge on repurchase intention and the effect of product involvement on repurchase intention on Tupperware products for Surabaya market. The research is using a quantitative approach, and take a sample from housewives who reside in Surabaya. Data are collected through questionnaires distributed to 150 people. Only 102 questionnaires are valid. Then, the data are processed using SPSS. The results show that product knowledge affects repurchase intention and product involvement significantly affects repurchase intention in Tupperware products among housewives in Surabaya, Indonesia.


revolutionary action ("to change life, transform society"). One can see in this contradiction the source of its paradoxical glory (surrealism will survive in spite of itself, suggesting once and for all the conditions for a revolutionary art). But one also sees here the cause of surrealism's "downfall," betrayed as much by those who preferred their own work as by those who subordinated their work to political engagement. Whichever the case, only Breton would have understood the seriousness of this conflict; only Breton would have remained faithful to an "ethic": surrealism is Breton, all Breton, and nothing but Breton. This is certainly ironic, for he who is recognized for his "desire not to succeed" is in the end the only name that still remains. Should one conclude then that Breton has been "retrieved" thanks to the wiles of History? I don't believe so (and don't know, moreover, what the term "retrieve" really means, nor what an "unretrieved" artistic practice would look like), and I would like to demonstrate that Breton's "ethic" is a thoroughly bookish operation, one of transmission that requires the book itself in order to be made manifest. I don't mean to say that Breton's hidden desire, like that of all writers, was for his books to be found later on in a library, even if this turns out to be an inevitable result of his endeavors. The act of transmission envisaged here is intended to be "absolute." It exists beyond the book, although the book itself must necessarily remain. Disqualified as an "end in itself," the work of art remains behind as the indispensable witness of an activity of transmission that appears to be situated outside the work: in a place wherein lies the ethic proper to surrealism, and in which I see a version of Mallarme's complete book (that is to say, perhaps nothing) marked, no doubt, by a misreading. In any case, one finds in Breton considerable fascination for an immediate and totally efficient discourse that represents a pure effect of


We studied the distribution, seasonal change, translocation, and source of heavy metal Pb based on the surface and bottom water sampling in Jiaozhou Bay in 1980 in order to know the condition of Pb before the industrial and agricultural development and to probe the distribution and translocation process of Pb. The results show that the range of Pb content in the surface in the whole bay was 0.07-2.71 μg/L, being below Grade Ⅱ of the China's national water quality benchmark (5.00 μg/L). No Pb pollution was detected in the inner bay, while in the outer bay and the mouth, light Pb pollution. The Pb pollution in the bay waters was area sources. Horizontal and vertical distribution, and seasonal change indicated the translocation of Pb in the waters. Pb entered the water body at marine surface and sank at the marine bottom. Understanding the variable process of Pb in the bay provided the scientific clues for controlling Pb pollution from the human activities.


Bariatric surgery is a recommended, cost-effective, evidenced-based intervention to reduce weight and associated comorbidities in severely obese people. People with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or more, or a BMI between 35–40 kg/m2 with other medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and obstructive sleep apnoea meet the criteria to be considered for bariatric surgery. Over the past 10 years, bariatric surgery in the UK has been more widely accessible and consequently midwives may be required to care for pregnant women who have undergone bariatric surgery such as a gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass. Midwives are required to work co-operatively, recognising and working within the limits of their competence and providing leadership. The aim of this article is to consider the midwife's role as co-ordinator of care for pregnant women who have undergone bariatric surgery. It outlines the most common bariatric procedures and specific considerations, including nutritional supplementation required when providing care to women in the antenatal and postnatal period.


Objective To study the application of peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) interleukin (IL) -2 mRNA evaluation with real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) for the early acute rejection (AR) diagnosis of patients with renal transplantation. Methods For 68 renal recipients from May 2008 to August 2009, PBL IL-2 mRNA expression was detected before and 1,3,7, 14 days after operation. All patients were divided into AR group and control group. Results On the postoperative day 6 to 20, AR occurred in 9 cases. Before operation and 1, and 3 days after operation, PBL IL-2 mRNA expression in AR group and control group was (0. 182 ±0. 230) and (0.176 ±0. 015), (0. 174 ±0. 018) and (0. 168 ± 0. 023) (P > 0.05 ). On the postoperative day 7, PBL IL-2 mRNA expression in AR group and control group was (0. 270 ± 0.056) and (0. 195 ± 0.053 ) respectively (P < 0. 05). On the postoperative day 14, PBL IL-2 mRNA expression in AR group and control group was (0. 320 ±0. 043) and (0. 181 ±0. 034) respectively ( P < 0.01). Conclusion PBL IL-2 mRNA evaluation with real-time PCR is the effective method for monitoring early AR on renal recipients, and is beneficial to the timely treatment and the prognostic decision.

Key words:
Kidney transplantation; Acute rejection; Interleukin-2; Lymphocyte


Background The Vertical Expandable Prosthetic Titanium Rib (VEPTR TM ; Synthes North America, West Chester, PA) reportedly controls spinal deformity associated with constrictive chest wall conditions. Questions/purposes We asked whether spine-to-spine constructs using VEPTR TM instrumentation in combination with standard spinal instrumentation could be deployed to salvage failed rib-to-spine constructs used originally in patients with constricted chest walls and to primarily treat progressive spinal deformity without chest wall abnormalities. Patients and Methods Fifty patients were treated with VEPTR TM constructs for thoracic insufficiency syndrome


Twenty sera from fertile and infertile women were examined for antibodies to spermatozoa or to seminal plasma, to determine which of the five techniques tested provided reliable evidence of allergic infertility.


A concept for semi‐active vibration control with a serial‐stiffness‐switch‐system based on vibration energy harvesting was previously presented. This contribution investigates a variable structure control‐based switching law to reduce the settling time of the system response under a nonzero velocity initial condition. The proposed switching law is able to fasten the transformation of initial vibration energy of the system into potential energy stored equally in its two springs. It is characterized, simulated, and proven to be more effective than the old switching law.


The electro-optical properties of a full v flexible photo-aligned FLC cell are investigated. Two different methods, sticky spacers together with a photo-sensitive monomer and polymer spacers in a regular pattern formed by photo-lithography, are proposed to stabilize the structure in order to increase the bending tolerance of the FLC material during deformation of the cell.


Our contribution aims at revealing the terms of a confrontation between Austrian and Institutional schools concerning the nature and the role of markets. Such an approach is justified by, on the one hand, the characteristics shared by both theoretical traditions, and on the other by the existence of complementarity, which founds a representation of market mechanisms in terms of process. The point is that if the economic analysis of institutions constitutes an essential link in the Austrian project of building an alternative theory of markets, it is probably also the weakest one. The benefit of the confrontation is thus to draw up a theory of institutions compatible with an -Austrian- market process analysis. The analysis thus obtained, which grants a crucial place to the dynamics of institutions, builds a bridge between two traditions which have more to exchange than is usually thought, particularly in the perspective of the elaboration of an alternative theory of the market inside which time matters.


The purpose of the study was to examine gender related studies from 1995 to 2012 in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (RQES), focusing primarily on the extent to which scholars researched gender to provide educators with information to implement school curricular activities, develop and use appropriate pedagogy, and to inform educators of issues and solutions related to gender issues. The following research questions that guided this study: (1) How many research articles were published related to gender from 1995 to 2012 in RQES? (2) What gender categorizations were used, and what types of research participants were used? (3) What areas of gender were studied in the journal? (4) Generally, what methods were used in the research studies, and what specific methods were employed in data collection? (5) What curricular sports activities were researched? The significance of this study lies in its summary and analysis of trends in recent research studies that focused on gender and physical activity participation in physical education and sports environments, including methodology, participant selection, and sport variation.


Colonies without colonialism - a trade diaspora model of fourth millennium BC Mesopotamian enclaves in Anatolia, Gil Stein Greeks in Iberia - colonialism without colonization, Adolfo Dominguez indigenous responses to colonial encounters on the West African coast - Hueda and Dahomey from the 17th through 19th centuries, Kenneth Kelly ambiguous matters - colonialism and local identities in Punic Sardinia, Peter van Dommelen a colonial middle ground - Greek, Etruscan, and local elites in the Bay of Naples, Irad Malkin colonizing cloth - interpreting the material culture of 19th-century Oceania, Nicholas Thomas forms of Andean colonial towns, free will, and marriage, Tom Cummins material culture and the roots of colonial society at the South African Cape of Good Hope, Stacey Jordan and Carmel Schrire.


Patriarchal society revolves around myths of Processions. Earthly processions both generate and reflect the image of procession from and return to god the father. According to christian theology, there are processions within the godhead, which is triune. The son, who is the second person, is said to proceed from the father, and the holy ghost is said to proceed from the father and the son. Moreover, all creatures proceed from this eternally processing god, who is their Last End, with whom the righteous will be united in eternal bliss. Thus, in this symbol system there is a circular pattern/model for muted existence: separation from and return to the same immutable source. Furthermore, according to this tradition, christians participate in the "supernatural" processions through the sacrament of baptism.1 That is, they officially join the army of believers. It is significant that the word pagan is derived from a late Latin term paganus, meaning civilian, "because the Christians reckoned themselves soldiers of Christ."2 The processions of christians, then, are profoundly connected with military parades, mythically as well as historically. What is ultimately sought by this "salvation army" is reconciliation with the father, for the human species has been alienated from him through the fault of the first parents, Adam and Eve, whose Original Sin has been transmitted to all. Thus the mythic christian procession toward god presupposes belief in possession by evil forces, release from which requires captivity by the church. Consequently the sacrament of initiation (baptism) explicitly contains a rite of exorcism, blatantly belying the fact that this is really a rite of entrance into the State of Posesssion. Western society is still possessed overtly and subliminally by christian symbolism, and this State of Possession has extended its influence over most of the planet. Its ultimate symbol of proces


This study compared two groups of transition program participants—those with reported strengths and career goals in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) and those without—regarding their characteristics and perceptions of the social, academic, and career benefits of program interventions. Consistent with previous research on gender and STEM, more males than females reported strengths and goals in STEM. Results suggest that type of disability may play a role in the perception of STEM fields as career options, perhaps resulting in less interest in these fields on the part of students with mobility/orthopedic impairments. While the STEM group expressed more interest in technology-related activities, non-STEM participants consistently rated themselves higher in self-advocacy skills and perceived that program participation improved their social skills more than did STEM participants. Regarding motivation to attend college, academic interest and love of learning/challenges was cited more often by members of the STEM group, while job/career preparation was identified by more of the non-STEM students. As far as motivation for employment, financial security was selected by significantly more of the STEM-oriented participants and pursuit of independent living was chosen by more of the non-STEM participants. Results suggest that program interventions may help change college study and career plans of those who do not initially have STEM interests. Based on the responses of the two groups in this study, the authors make program recommendations for increasing the representation of people with disabilities in STEM fields.