On the basis of data and results from previous research, several topics on the research of corrosion and protection of metals in seawater and the marine environment have been proposed for study. A study of the mechanisms and the kinetics of inhibitors action, particularly related to pitting and crevice corrosion, protective anodes action and the investigation of some specific organic coatings have been carried out and the results given.


The rapid development of emerging Internet services such as live video, 5G, VR, and the Internet of Things puts forward higher requirements for network throughput, Latency, jitter, and loss. However, the inefficient bandwidth utilization rate of the existing TCP protocol cannot meet these requirements. Based on this problem, this paper proposes an algorithm RL-explore that uses RL (Reinforcement learning) combined with bandwidth detection mechanism. The model trained with this algorithm can effectively use the network bandwidth, and compared to other RL algorithms, it is easier to converge during training.


ChatBots and Generative AI more generally have really opened up a deluge of RISKS items in the past few months, along with an increased awareness of risks relating to arti - cial intelligence. This issue includes just the tip of the iceberg with one-liners on that subject, where it is almost impossible to summarize all the risks. PGN


A British financier, Sir James Goldsmith, is promoting a plan to save rain forests by renting them to an international organization, to be called Forestco. The rent would be paid by writing off part of the host country's foreign debt on condition that they protected the forest. Sir James has bought 5000 acres of Mexico's rain forest on which he is building a house but he has put the forest in a trust to preserve its wildlife. Meanwhile his brother, Edward Goldsmith, Editor of the Ecologist, is promoting a rain-forest plan of his own and on 19 September at the start of the UN General Assembly handed the UN SecretaryGeneral a 3 million-signature petition asking for an emergency meeting of the Assembly to discuss an action plan including a trade ban on rain-forest products and a freezing of development finance leading to deforestation. The Guardian, 31 August 1989.


Abstract These notes examine a case of percived crisis after World War II–the rise, fall, and renewal of concern with the growth of population, beginning with landmark publications by Vogt (1948) and Brown (1954). Part of a larger study that will eventually address other neo-Mathusian concerns, the project seeks insight from these failed prophesies into a future sustainability transition. In retrospect, the perception of a population crisis was based on the unprecedented growth in population. The crisis seemed to ameliorate as evidence that a transition from many births and low life expectancy to fewer births and longer life was well underway in the world. The population growth rate peaked in 1962-1963 and then began a slow decline. Development, family planning efforts, and culture all contributed to the decline, with development playing the major role. The influence of the population Jeremiahs was large in the industrialized countries, significant in some developing countries, and absent in others, inclu...


By introducing the improved G′/G expansion method,a series of new exact traveling solutions are obtained for a class of nonlinear wave equations with the aid of computer algebraic system of Mathematica.These solutions include solitary wave solutions,hyperbolic function solutions and trigonometric function solutions.


The weakly-supervised audio-visual video parsing (AVVP) task aims to parse duration and categories of each snippet when only the video-level event labels are provided. Most methods either leverage attention mechanisms to explore cross-modal and cross-video event semantics or alleviate label noise to improve performance. However, the distributional modality discrepancy caused by the heterogeneity of signals remains a significant challenge. To this end, we propose a novel cross-modal common-specific feature learning method (cm-CS) to map the modal features into modality-common and modality-specific subspaces. The former aims to capture similar high-level scene cue across different modalities, while the later attempts to capture specific cue. The proposed method is applied among and across in-visual 2D-3D modalities, audio-visual modalities, respectively. In addition, we design a training strategy to strengthen the learning of similarity and differences across modalities. Experiments show a large improvement of our method against existing works on the Look, Listen, and Parse (LLP) dataset (e.g. from 58.9% to 62.9% in video-level visual metric).


Background: Early prediction of cardiotoxicity is critical for drug development. Current animal models raise ethical and translational questions, and have limited accuracy in clinical risk prediction. Human-based computer models constitute a fast, cheap and potentially effective alternative to experimental assays, also facilitating translation to human. Key challenges include consideration of inter-cellular variability in drug responses and integration of computational and experimental methods in safety pharmacology. Our aim is to evaluate the ability of in silico drug trials in populations of human action potential models to predict clinical risk of drug-induced arrhythmias based on ion channel information. Methods: Computational evaluation of drug cardiotoxicity was conducted using the Virtual Assay software, a user-friendly framework for in silico drug trials in populations of human action potential models. Virtual Assay implements the population of models methodology: starting from the O'Hara-Rudy human ventricular model (FDA CiPA's choice), a control population of 1,213 human ventricular action potential models in agreement with experimental recordings was constructed, accounting for inter-cellular variability. In silico drug trials were performed for 70 reference compounds at multiple concentrations, using pore-block drug models (IC50/Hill coefficient) for up to 8 ion channels. Drug-induced changes in action potential biomarkers were quantified, together with occurrence of repolarization/depolarization abnormalities. Results: Drug-induced changes in silico vary in magnitude depending on the specific ionic profile of each model in the population, thus allowing to identify cell sub-populations at higher risk of developing abnormal action potential phenotypes. Models with low repolarization reserve are highly vulnerable to drug-induced repolarization abnormalities, while those with reduced inward current density exhibit high susceptibility to depolarization abnormalities. Computational results (evaluated against in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo experimental assays, and clinical reports of Torsade de Pointes) exhibited overall agreement with animal models, and a higher accuracy of up to 90% in predicting clinical risk of arrhythmias, based on drug-induced repolarization abnormalities. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that human in silico drug trials and the Virtual Assay software constitute a powerful methodology for prediction of clinical pro-arrhythmic cardiotoxicity, ready for integration in existing drug safety assessment pipelines.


The decarbonylation of acetaldehyde assisted by Ni+2, which was selected as a representative system of transition metal ions assisted decarbonylation of acetaldehyde, has been investigated using density functional theory (B3LYP) in conjunction with the 6-31+G** basis sets in C,H,O atoms and Lanl2dz basis sets in Ni atom The geometries and energies of the reactants, intermediates, products and transition states relevant to the reaction were located on the triplet ground potential energy surfaces of [Ni, O, C2,H4]+2. Our calculations indicate the decarbonylation of acetaldehyde takes place through four steps, that is, encounter complexation, CC activation, aldehyde H-shift and nonreactive dissociation, it is that CC activation by Ni+2 that lead to the decarbonylation of acetaldehyde.


As an outcome of the society history, residential pattern must be affected by various factors. This paper is based on the basic requirement of residential housing, trying to carry out a multi-angle analysis of how social factors affect the design of new urban residences, and aims to dig out its internal law as well as enlightens the development of new residential pattern in the future. Keywords-urban residences; social factors; life style;


BACKGROUND
We studied the association of obesity-related SNPs (OR-SNPs) with weight gain after antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH).

METHODS
Participants were ART-naïve PWH from the Spanish HIV Research Cohort who started ART from 2014 onwards and had blood/DNA deposited in the cohort Biobank. The primary outcome was change in weight at 96 weeks after starting ART. We genotyped 14 OR-SNPs from a meta-analysis of GWAS body mass index (BMI) loci. Changes over time in weight and BMI were studied using adjusted linear mixed models (A-LMM).

RESULTS
A total of 1,021 PWH were included. The mean weight gain over 96 weeks was 2.90 (95% CI: 2.54-3.26) Kg. Factors associated with higher weight gain were female sex, birth in Sub-Saharan Africa, prior AIDS, CD4+ < 200 cells/uL, HIV-RNA > 100,000 copies/mL, negative HCV serology, and use of tenofovir alafenamide. A significant association was found between ZC3H4 rs3810291 GG genotype and BCDIN3D/FAIM2 rs7138803 GG genotypes polymorphisms and weight and BMI increase. The estimated adjusted mean (SE) of weight gains were 4.26 (0.56) Kg in ZC3H4 rs3810291 GG carriers and 2.66 (0.19) Kg in AA/AG carriers (P = 0.007). Likewise, the estimated means (SE) weight gain at 96 weeks were 3.35 (0.29) Kg in BCDIN3D/FAIM2 rs7138803 GG carriers and 2.51 (0.24) Kg in AG/AA carriers (P = 0.020).

CONCLUSIONS
Genetic factors may play a role in weight gain after ART initiation. Further work is needed to replicate our findings and understand how the identified SNPs lead to higher weight gain in this context.


A novel approach to improving power factor and reducing harmonics generated by a three-phase diode-rectifier-type utility interface is proposed. This approach is passive and consists of a novel interconnection of a star/delta power transformer between the AC and DC sides of the diode rectifier topology. This interconnection, in combination with the 120 degrees conduction intervals of each diode, is shown to generate a circulating third-harmonic current between the AC and DC side of the rectifier bridge. This current is shown to drastically improve the performance of the diode-rectifier-type interface. The resulting input current is near-sinusoidal, with significant reduction in line current harmonics. The proposed system can be viewed as a cost-effective retrofit to the existing diode rectifier utility interface applications. A design example illustrates the sizing of the necessary passive components. Selected results were verified experimentally on a laboratory prototype system.<<ETX>>


Author(s): Etzler, Melissa Starr | Advisor(s): Kudszus, Winfried | Abstract: This study focuses on a major aspect of literature and culture in the later twentieth century: the intersection of psychiatry, madness and art. As the antipsychiatry movement became an international intervention, W. G. Sebald's fascination with psychopathology rapidly developed. While Sebald collected many materials on Outsider Artists and has several annotated books on psychiatry in his personal library, I examine how Sebald's thought and writings, both academic and literary, were particularly influenced by Ernst Herbeck's poems. Herbeck, a diagnosed schizophrenic, spent decades under the care of Dr. Leo Navratil at the psychiatric institute in Maria Gugging. Sebald became familiar with Herbeck via the book, Schizophrenie und Sprache (1966), in which Navratil analyzed his patients' creative writings in order to illustrate commonalities between pathological artistic productions and canonical German literature, thereby blurring the lines between genius and madness. In 1980, Sebald travelled to Vienna to meet Ernst Herbeck and this experience inspired him to compose two academic essays on Herbeck and the semi-fictionalized account of their encounter in his novel Vertigo (1990).In this study, I reveal how Sebald incorporated Herbeck within his works over a thirty year period in order to provide a social commentary. Sebald looks to Herbeck to examine what had become the standards of normality in Western Germany following the Second World War from a critical perspective. Not only is Sebald's empathetic identification with the outsider Herbeck in itself a political and social act of protest, but I show how Sebald recognized in Herbeck's language an embodiment of his own viewpoints regarding (eco)politics and critical theory. Since his understanding of Herbeck is informed by a number of disciplines, various cultural discourses assist in my clarification: I turn to Sebald's interest in the Frankfurt School thinkers, such as Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno; Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's ideas on minor literature; political viewpoints as posed by filmmakers such as Alexander Kluge and Werner Herzog; and also the socio-anthropological writings of Pierre Bertaux, Michel Foucault and Claude Levi-Strauss. I furthermore provide close readings of Herbeck's poems to argue that Sebald imitates Herbeck's style. Focusing initially on archival material, I locate within Sebald's unpublished poetry and prose several thematic, linguistic and semantic characteristics which are typical of Herbeck's poetry. I then expand this analysis to incorporate how these features also reappear in Sebald's published novels. In uncovering underexplored intertextuality, this study sheds new light both on Sebald's novels, since recognizing Herbeck's voice within his prose calls for a reevaluation of what is "Sebaldian", as well as on the broader, yet underexplored cultural movement from which I focus on Herbeck as the apex. It also locates Sebald's key political ideas and his values concerning poetics and morality as derivatives of a particular historical and psychological discourse.


The invention discloses felodipine sustained-release tablets. The felodipine sustained-release tablets contain felodipine, high-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, low-viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, a water-soluble filling agent, and other pharmaceutical excipients. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the felodipine sustained-release tablets.


The invention discloses stewed shrimps for health care and nourishment having the effects of nourishing yin, strengthening yang and supplementing calcium. The stewed shrimps are prepared by the following steps of: selecting wildly fostered crayfishes and washing the crayfishes with clean water; cleaning the crayfishes; opening backs and removing bowels with a knife for later use; stirring and frying white sugar to be yellowish and pouring blend oil into a pan; putting ginger and seasonings for the health care and nourishment into the pan and stirring the materials slightly over small fire; adding flavorings into the pan; adjusting the fire to be big fire and putting the crayfishes into the pan; introducing the fire to burn the crayfishes to bright red with distilled spirit; adding broth to stew the crayfishes; adding gourmet powder or chicken essence; putting a little shallot and caraway into the pan; and taking the food out of the pan and placing the food in a bowl or a plate. The stewed shrimps for the health care and nourishment having the effects of nourishing yin, strengthening yang and supplementing the calcium overcomes the defect that the conventional crayfishes are usually stirred, cooked, steamed and fried directly so that the nutrition and the nourishment value of cooked crayfishes cannot be enhanced, can clear away harmful and toxic substances generated in the metabolic process of a human body and improve disease resistance of the organism, and has the effects of strengthening yang and blood, nourishing yin and conditioning the temperature, activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, and removing pathogenic factors without any toxic or side effect.


Background Despite robust evidence for the integration of early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer, many patients still access this approach to care late. Communication about the introduction of Early Palliative Care is an important skill of healthcare providers working in this setting. In the context of limited community understanding about palliative care, patients and their families may express fear or negative reactions to its early introduction. Health professionals may lack the confidence or skill to describe the role and benefits of early palliative care. Aim This study sought to explore clinicians' perspectives on communication about referral to early palliative care, specifically identifying facilitators in undertaking this communication task. Methods An exploratory qualitative study set within a tertiary oncology service in Victoria, Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposively sampled oncology clinicians exploring their perspectives on communication about referral to early palliative care. A reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken by two researchers, including both latent and semantic coding relevant to the research question. Reporting of the research was guided by the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist. Results Twelve oncology clinicians (58% female, with 67% > 15 years clinical experience) from medical oncology, surgical oncology, and haematology participated. The artful navigation of communication about early palliative care was characterised by the need for a 'spiel' involving the adoption of a series of strategies or 'tactics' when introducing this service. These themes included: 1) Using carefully selected and rehearsed language; 2) Framing in terms of symptom control; 3) Framing as additive to patient care; 4) Selling the service benefits of early palliative care; 5) Framing acceptance of referral as an altruistic act; and 6) Adopting a phased approach to delivering information about palliative care. Implications This study highlights the wide ranging and innovative communication strategies and skills required by health professionals to facilitate referral to early palliative care for cancer patients and their families. Future focus on upskilling clinicians around communication of this topic will be important to ensure successful implementation of models of early palliative care in routine cancer care.


A mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the maxillary central incisor region and may be a cause of malocclusion in this region. We report an uncommon severe sequelae after an unerupted mesiodens removal in the permanent dentition related to midline bone loss, gingival recession and loss of vitality of the left upper central and lateral incisors. This article is written to highlight that in order to avoid unwanted collateral effects, surgical removal of mesiodens must be indicated only in specific conditions.


Sketch-based modeling uses freeform strokes as basic modeling metaphor and provides an intuitive way for shape modeling, for instance, for cyberworlds. This paper presents a new method to enhance sketch-based modeling. The core idea of the method is to enhance the sketching process by allowing the user to iteratively sketch to progressively create initial shapes that interpolate the sketched strokes. This process considers all the sketches and the up-to-date constructed 3D shape, which enables the user to be aware of the shape of the sketched model. The key underlying technique that supports this process is a novel surface construction algorithm, which generates 3D triangular mesh models with gradual shape changes during iterative sketching. Experiments demonstrate that the presented method can allow users to intuitively and flexibly create and edit 3D models even with complex topology, which is usually difficult in existing sketch-based modeling systems.


Extracurricular mobilization of children through literature took place between 1914 and 1918 on the home front of most belligerent countries. Propaganda for children depended on the war's effects on the book market and featured violent glorification, merry caricatures and more serious images. As the war progressed, however, war themes decreased somewhat.


A survey of display holography shows that an arbitrary use of color lends little to the overall success of the intention of an image. Often the lack of concern regarding color detracts from the hologram and its ability to effectively communicate ideas in a visual format. Creative opportunities offered by pseudo-color reflection techniques and their impact on display holography will be considered. A review of the current procedures for producing pseudo-color reflection holograms is presented.


The objective of the present study was to verify how socioeconomic and physical/mental health status would be associated with activity limitations by age and sex among older adults, using nationally representative cross‐sectional data in Japan.


Discusses the list of competencies, being formed in the educational process of the University in accordance with the state educational standard of higher professional education of the third generation (plus) in the context of standarts CDIO. The proposed work program for the discipline «Mathematics» direction «Metallurgy» for qualifi cation « academic bachelor». The content of the course consists of seven modules. Defi ned pedagogical technologies of implementation of this content is predominantly activating students cognitive activity and focused on the formation of the subject and personal competencies of the graduates. The role of integration processes in education, presents an integrated research task of project type. Substantiated that designed in this way the educational process through amplifi cation applied aspects of mathematical discipline, practice-oriented and professional orientation of mathematical training, active and interactive use of technologies in teaching students will improve the quality of basic training of students and build up their certain cluster of competencies.


The University of Nottingham launched the aerospace engineering programme in 2016. Four different courses are offered at both BEng and MEng levels with the BEng consisting of three taught years and MEng consisting of four. Space educational activities at University of Nottingham are mainly concentrated in offering hands-on experiences to students. Students at different levels, starting from the 2nd year, are involved in the design of space systems, mainly CubeSat standard compatible, that will be implemented and boarded in a small satellite. The main educational project is dedicated to the design and analysis of the first space mission from University of Nottingham. The idea is to use a CubeSat platform and implement a payload of interests for students and researchers at University of Nottingham. At this phase several payloads are under evaluation. The students are supported by a board of staff members involved in different space activities from biomedical research in space to earth observation to the use and application of GNSS. Once identified the mission that will be carried out the student will be involved in all the mission phases, from the design to the launch and in orbit operation. A dedicated ground station will be installed at University of Nottingham in order to be able to track and receive satellites in UHF, VHF and S band. In addition, to implement student experiences and have soon the opportunity to see the first system designed at University of Nottingham in space, several international cooperation have been made with European partners, such as University of Beira Interior and CEIIA in Portugal, and non-European partners such as, for example, University of Brasilia in Brazil. The goal of these cooperation is not only share knowledge and experiences between teams but also launch opportunities and future opportunities. As part of the educational project the students are also involved in balloon projects, where the systems will be tested using High Altitude Balloon. Next balloon mission is planned to be launched in November 2019. The paper gives an overview of all the most interesting space educational activities involving students at University of Nottingham giving particular attention also to the improvement that will be done in the existing facilities in order to have a more effective Space Systems Educational Laboratory. Keywords—CubeSats, PocketQubeSats, High Altitude Baloon


Purpose – To describe State of California Attorney General Bill Lockyer's approach to securities enforcement and to explore the national implications of a state attorney general assuming such authority.Design/methodology/approach – Describes Attorney General Lockyer's recent investigations targeting the mutual fund industy and four resulting enforcement cases, explains Lockyer's intentions not to be constrained by the SEC's actions or applicable federal securities laws if he believes a violation of state law has occurred, and makes practical suggestions as to future developments for securities firms with operations in California.Findings – Makes it clear that, as a result of the expanded authority granted to Attorney General Lockyer by the California state legislature, securities firms must comply with California securities laws even when those laws differ from SEC regulations and federal laws.Originality/value – Important guidance on recent developments from a California‐based investment compliance lawyer.


An experimental investigation was performed on a semi-active control scheme that uses the rheological properties of electro-rheological fluids (ER-fluids) in squeeze-flow mode to control the dynamic behavior of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. The reversible and very rapid changes in the mechanical properties of the fluid under variable voltage are exploited by using a control scheme that automatically turns 'on' and 'off' the electrical field as loads are applied. This control scheme rapidly adapts to any changes in the mechanical properties of the system, reducing the response of the structure for a wide range of excitation frequencies. The ER- fluid used in this study, Zeolite in silicone oil, was subjected to an electrical field range from one to five kV/mm. Tests were carried out for the 'off' system, the 'on' system, and the controlled system, and the experimental and analytical results were compared. The experimental results show that this control scheme is effective for reducing the vibration of the system. Other types of ER-fluid should be tested using this control scheme to investigate the most effective fluid for vibration suppression.


Making your system safe is no cinch, but here's a guide to getting started. The article examines various system security methods, including: identification and authentication techniques; firewalls; audit trails; and automated intrusion detection systems.


Hybrid rockets are featured by restarting capability, increased safety, high performance and
moderate cost. These combined unique characteristics pose then as prominent candidates to replace solid
rockets in tactical missiles and launch vehicles in the near future. However, the behavior of hybrid rockets
is not fully understood, with issues specifically related to combustion instability and lowered regression
rate. To investigate the characteristics of hybrid rocket performance we develop generic algorithm code.
This script may serve as a valuable teaching resource in hybrid rocket motor design. This paper uses
Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) as a solid fuel and liquid oxygen as an oxidizer for evaluation
purposes. Later, we introduce the results of the preliminary design and performance analysis of the hybrid
rocket system. An interior ballistic model was used for the analysis of hybrid rocket performance.
MATLAB® environment was used to develop the design and performance analysis codes, and visualize the
temporal variation of performance characteristics.


In the view of the problem on the measurement of projectile coordinate based on laser screen thatneeds massive optical signals, the design of massive optical signals acquisition and storage system is proposed. FP-GA is used as the chip of acquisition and control and FLASH is used as the chip of storage. The collected photoelec-tric signals are temporarily placed in the FPGA build-in FIFO, and then these signals are processed in the FPGAand stored in the FLASH, and USB interface is used to communicate with computer. The simulation results showthat the system could collect and store 64 digital signals successfully, it has flexible structure, simple operation, ac-curate data and large storage.


In 1946 Grossowicz found that chick embryos whose yolk sacs were injected with thiourea between the 7th and 17th days of incubation were delayed in hatching and their yolk sacs were not retracted. Some correlation existed between the dosage administered and the degree of retardation. Simultaneous treatment with thyroxine neutralized the action of the thiourea. These results were interpreted as suggesting "that in the chick embryo, as in other animals, the inhibiting effect of thiourea may be due to interference with normal thyroxine metabolism'' (p. 152). Grossowicz, however, did not report any effects on body growth o r describe the condition of the thyroid glands of his treated animals. The present experiments were therefore undertaken to determine whether growth'would be modified and whether the thyroid glands would be affected by the administration of antithyroid drugs.


Automatic image analysis is an appropriate tool for simultaneous characterization of size and shape of pellets. Reproducable results can only be obtained using a standardized measurement procedure. An analysis instruction is developed for the rapid analysis of 500 to 600 pellets. To limit the possible error caused by wrong detection the magnification of the lens is adjusted for a mean size of 50-60 pixels per particle. Length, width and area of the pellets are measured as direct parameters while aspect ratio, mean feret and equivalent diameter are calculated Due to the technology of measurement an error is made for some of the parameters. Eight Feret diameters are measured by the system


This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of technology and integrated information systems and recommend the development of new systems at PTKIN (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya and UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang). The study of information technology management in tertiary institutions aims to measure the extent to which the application of information technology is able to support the activities of the Tri Dharma College in order to achieve world class universities. In measuring the results of the audit of information technology management the tertiary institution will conduct evaluation, monitoring and further development of information system components needed in the overall system integration by using COBIT framefork which is expected to have a high level of maturity (maturity level) such as IT Infrastructure Components, Superstructure Components Campus, Stakeholder Profile Components, Variety of IT and Application Utilization Components, National Education Strategy Components, Technology Impact Impact Components, External Community Components, and Trend Adoption Components. The conclusion from the results of this study is that Green Technology has an influence on the Improvement of Organizational Business Services, and Green Technology has an influence on Organizational Business Performance Improvement. Integrated Smart Systems affect the Improvement of Organizational Business Services and Integrated Smart Systems affect the Improvement of Organizational Business Performance. Then Information Technology Audit Management has an influence on Organizational Services Improvement and Information Technology Audit Management has an influence on Organizational Business Performance Improvement. In addition, Work Behavior Innovation has an influence on Organizational Service Improvement and Work Behavior Innovation Influences Organizational Business Performance Improvement.


A significant element of a community's total air pollution picture is the "state of mind" of the people living in the area with respect to air pollution. The reasons why a study of public attitudes can be an important factor in planning an air pollution control program are briefly summarized. The methodology applied in one such study in the St. Louis Metropolitan area is described, and possible variations related to different scope, objectives and survey area characteristics are suggested.


Stem cell research is revolutionizing the way scientists think about mammalian development. It is a field full of promise to treat many debilitating and degenerative diseases. Regulation of stem cells by transcription factors that bind to specific DNA loci to control gene regulatory networks have been well studied in various stem cell populations. However, the mechanisms by which the regulation of post-transcriptional RNA processing influences the timely, highly specialized differentiation of stem cells are not well understood. Only recently have researchers started focusing attention on the importance of RNA regulation in the control of gene expression and, thus, to impact human health. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) bind to and regulate RNA metabolism at multiple levels from processing within the nucleus, nuclear export, and transport to organelles within the cytoplasm. In addition, RBPs can regulate RNA stability and protein translation. Techniques to study and identify the RNA substrates regulated by RNA binding proteins have only recently been developed within the last decade, with the availability of high-throughput sequencing revolutionizing established techniques, enabling transcriptome-wide views of RNA biology. My dissertation research focuses on the function of the IGF2BP/IMP family of RNA binding proteins. In particular, I have investigated the role of IGF2BP1/IMP1, in early human development using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model system. I have used CLIP-seq to identify the endogenous targets of IMP1 in hESCs and have determined the mechanism of regulation for the novel target ITGB5. Additionally, I have uncovered a role for IMP1 in early neural progenitor cell populations and in localization of target RNAs. Ongoing studies comparing and contrasting the various targets and functions of IMP1 and IMP2 in hESCs at the genome-wide level will pave the way for future investigators to dissect the individual functions for each of these RBPs. This work will provide a resource for those aiming to understand the mechanisms of how these proteins control their target RNAs during development and tumorigenesis


ABB introduced the LS-2 technology; a limestone based wet FGD system, which is capable of producing high purity gypsum from low grade limestone, in late 1995. Drawing from 30,000 MWe of worldwide wet FGD experience, ABB has incorporated several innovations in the new system designed to reduce the overall cost of SO{sub 2} compliance. Collectively, these improvements are referred to as LS-2. The improvements include a compact high efficiency absorber, a simple dry grinding system, a closed coupled flue gas reheat system, and a tightly integrated dewatering system. The compact absorber includes features such a high velocity spray zone, significantly improved gas-liquid contact system, compact reaction tank, and a high velocity mist eliminator. The LS-2 system is being demonstrated at Ohio Edison's Niles Plant at the 130 MWe level, and this turnkey installation was designed and erected in a 20-month period. At Niles, all of the gypsum is sold to a local wallboard manufacturer. Many of the features included in the LS-2 design and demonstrated at Niles can be used to improve the efficiency and operation of existing systems including open spray towers and tray towers. The SO{sub 2} removal efficiency can be significantly improved by installing the high efficiencymore » LS-2 style spray header design and the unique wall rings. The absorber bypass can be eliminated or reduced by including the LS-2 style high velocity mist eliminator. Also, the LS-2 style spray header design combined with wall rings allow for an increase in absorber gas velocity at a maintained or improved performance without the need for costly upgrades of the absorber recycle pumps. the first upgrade using LS-2 technology was done at CPA's Coal Creek Station (2{times}545 MWe). The experience form the scrubber upgrade at Coal Creek is discussed along with operating results.« less


To enable inside ventilating circumstances meets the demand of human body heat comfort in the summer of Hetian,Xinjiang under the economic premise,utilizing evaporation and cooling technology to release outside after procession.By numerical data simulated analysis to reveal that when maximum burden in summer,mechanic assisted natural ventilation could maintain the inside temperature at 26.8℃,wind speed at 0.6m∕s,which can basically meet the demand of human body's requirement of heat comfort.Natural ventilating system completed by Trombe wall and solar energy chimney adopted in the pleasant summer,the economic height of solar chimney in construction is 10m.


Abstract: This chapter discusses the advantages of using MRI in intravascular operations. Beginning with a brief explanation of some sample intravascular MR operations, the chapter goes on to outline the visualization problem of catheters under MRI. Some of the fundamental catheter coil designs are shown and a range of imaging techniques for catheter tracking are discussed. Finally, safety issues related both specifically to these catheter coil designs and to MRI more generally are explored.


By analyzing ancient and modern water system,light mineral combinations,heavy mineral combinations,lithic component and sandstone thickness contour,the provenance of the lower first member of Shahejie Formation in the Lixian Slop are systematically studied.The analysis result shows that the provenances are mainly derived from the northern and the southwest of the slope.The source areas are Taihang Mountain in the west and the Niutuozhen salience in the north.The southest direction provenance has advantage against the north direction provenance,and the two sources meet together at Xiliu area.


A. Rules That Explicitly State What Is Implicit in the Code B. Rules That Are Consistent with the Code and That Probably Should Have Been Included in the Code C. Rules That Provide Limited Exceptions to General Ethics Principles in the Rules and the Code D. Rules That Provide Guidance on Ethics Issues That Lawyers Have Always Confronted But That Are Not Addressed in the Code E. Rules That Provide Guidance on Ethics Issues That Have Become Increasingly Important in Recent Years and Therefore Are Not Addressed in the Code F. Rules That Reflect Conscious Policy Changes


The United States Supreme Court is increasingly forsaking its role as legal interpreter for the role of legal author due to a transformation in Constitutional interpretation. In interpreting the Constitution in a manner inconsistent with the original intent of the Constitution, the rule of law is circumvented. In order to maintain a separation of powers necessary for governance according to rule of law principles, the U.S. Supreme Court must return to its correct role as interpreter of law. The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Establishment Clause illustrates the current difficulties surrounding the lack of a standard of interpretation. This thesis suggests that the only solution for the relative basis of Constitutional meaning is to abandon a relative view of the Constitution as a living document and to consider once again the original intent of the framers of the Constitution. CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION 4 Through the Looking Glass of Constitutional Interpretation The United States Supreme Court is increasingly forsaking its role as legal interpreter for the role of legal author due to a transformation in constitutional interpretation. Because the Constitution is interpreted in a manner inconsistent with its original intent, the rule of law is circumvented. In order to maintain a separation of powers necessary for governance according to rule of law principles, the U.S. Supreme Court must return to its correct role as interpreter of law. Though the British system of government from which the Americans declared independence was based upon an unwritten system of Common Law, the United States of America would be built upon a different foundation — a written constitution. The U.S. Constitution would serve as the legal foundation of American government. While few, if any, will deny that America's Constitution is in fact the supreme law of the land, many will debate exactly what that supreme law means. This thesis addresses the meaning of the U.S. Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court. Section II will compare interpretivist and noninterpretivist methods of adjudication such as textualism, originalism, modernism, and pragmatism. Section III will briefly review the history of constitutional interpretation. Section IV will examine how the current High Court is slowly removing America from her shelter of protection under the rule of law by increasingly interpreting the U.S. Constitution apart from its original design. In order to examine this changing interpretation, Section IV will provide an in depth analysis of the difficulties created by the High Court's transformation of the Establishment Clause's meaning and present various interpretations of that clause. CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION 5 Finally, Section V will consider the interpretative method of originalism as a remedy for the relativity pervading constitutional adjudication in America today. Different Methods of Interpretation While there are numerous approaches that judges may take when interpreting the U.S. Constitution, there are primarily two categories of constitutional interpretation. One constitutional law text describes these two differing approaches as interpretivism and noninterpretivism. 1 These categories divide judges based upon their view of the Constitution as static or evolutionary in nature. 2 This section will examine both approaches, including some of the benefits and difficulties of each method. Interpretivist Approaches Interpretivists argue either that the text of the Constitution itself and/or the original intent of its authors should serve as the sole authority in constitutional interpretation. 3 Interpretivists hold that judges may not exceed the limits of the text and its intention when discovering its meaning. 4 Interpretivists fall into primarily one of two categories: textualists or originalists. 5 A third but rather uncommon category of interpretivists focuses upon the principles enshrined in the Constitution rather than strictly the text or the original intent. 6 1 Otis H. Stevens, Jr. & John M. Scheb II, American Constitutional Law: Sources of Power and Restraint 48-9 (2008). 2 Id. 3 Gary L. McDowell, Interpretivism and Noninterpretivsm, in The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States 436, 437 (Kermit L. Hall ed., 1992). 4 Id. at 436. 5 Id. 6 Steven D. Smith, What Does Constitutional Interpretation Interpret? in Expounding the Constitution: Essays in Constitutional Theory 21, 32 (Grant Huscroft ed., 2008). CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION 6 Textualist approach. One interpretivist approach to interpreting the U.S. Constitution is textualism, whereby the objective meaning of the words themselves in their historical context serves as the standard of interpretation. 7 Textualists would hold that if a word's meaning within its historical context means A, even if the intention of the framer was B, A's meaning should prevail. 8 So, if a letter was discovered detailing the intention of one of the Constitution's drafters, that intention would be irrelevant to the textualist who is only concerned with the historically consistent meaning of the words themselves. 9 Occasionally, textualists will consider other outside sources in order to "scope out common patterns of word usage in earlier historical periods." 10 Additionally, textualists evaluate the overall constitutional structure in order to discern the meaning of the passage. 11 However, there is no consensus embracing textual meaning as the legitimate source of constitutional interpretation. 12 Furthermore, simply considering the text of the Constitution alone rarely provides sufficient answers to difficult cases that reach the Supreme Court. 13 In order to solve most judicial questions, something else must be considered beyond the text. 14 7 Id. at 27. 8 Id. 9 Robert H. Bork, The Tempting of America: The Political Seduction of the Law 144 (1990). 10 Daniel A. Farber & Suzanna Sherry, Judgment Calls: Principles and Politics in Constitutional Law 28 (2009). 11 Id. 12 Antonin Scalia, Review of Steven D. Smith's Law's Quandary, 55 Cath. U.L. Rev. 687, 692-3 (2006). 13 Christopher N. May & Allan Ides, Constitutional Law National Power and Federalism: Examples And Explanations 36 (2007). 14 Id. CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION 7 Originalist approach. The interpretivist method of originalism is similar to textualism in that it focuses upon the actual text of the Constitution. However, originalists also consider the historical meaning of the Constitution in order to discover the meaning of its words. 15 The principles that the drafters of the Constitution included in that text also serve as a source of consideration. 16 Moreover, those holding to an originalist interpretivist approach place a value upon historical documents delineating the drafters' understanding of its meaning. 17 According to Associate Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, "It is essential to originalism, as it is not to so-called 'evolutionary constitutional jurisprudence,' to know the original meaning of constitutional provisions." 18 Originalism, simply put, seeks to discover what the original authors of the Constitution intended when they penned it. 19 Originalism finds its strength in its proposed objectivity as well as security under the rule of law that it affords. 20 However, one of the problems that opponents of originalism often raise is the difficulty of knowing the actual intent of the founders. 21 Nonetheless, by consulting the numerous writings of the founders and their early 15 Farber, supra note 10, at 27. 16 Keith Whittington, How to Read the Constitution: Self-Government and the Jurisprudence of Originalism (2006), http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2006/05/how-toread-the-constitution-self-government-and-the-jurisprudence-of-originalism. 17 Id. 18 Antonin Scalia, Scalia Defends Originalism as Best Methodology for Judging Law (April 30, 2010), http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/news/2010_spr/scalia.htm 19 Steven G. Calabresi, Originalism: A Quarter-Century of Debate 152 (2007). 20 Id. 21 Alan Brownstein, The Reasons Why Originalism Provides a Weak Foundation for Interpreting Constitutional Provisions Relating to Religion, 2009 Cardozo L. Rev. De Novo 196, 216 (2009). CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION 8 constitutional convention debates, the question of what they intended can be properly ascertained. 22 Additionally, some critics of originalism assert that its judicial proponents are not consistent in applying original intent to decisions they make. 23 Steven Smith states, "Even committed 'originalists' may concede that [free] speech decisions cannot or should not rest on interpretations of original intentions or understandings." 24 Therefore, these critics argue, originalism is not a coherent doctrine consistently held by those who espouse it. However, such an argument does not address the validity of the approach; it simply criticizes adherents of the originalist approach. One of the preeminent problems with the originalist approach is, according to its critics, that "the modern scope of judicial review is rigorously circumscribed by original intentionalism because the eighteenth-century framers had few, if any, clear intentions about our twentieth century problems." 25 Such skeptics ask whether changed conditions should not demand a different understanding of constitutional principles. 26 Nevertheless, originalism does not require asking "what would Madison do in such a situation, or even what did Madison do in such a situation, but what does the principle that Madison and his fellows wrote into the Constitution require in such a situation." 27 Thus, as originalist Robert Bork has argued, even though the framers of the Fourth Amendment's prohibition 22 David Barton, Original Intent: The Courts, the Constitution, & Religion 21 (1996). 23 Brownstein, supra note 21, at 216. 24 Smith, supra note 6, at 27. 25 Phillip Bobbitt, Constitutional Fate: Theory of the Constitution, 94 (


Abstract Two-year-old blackcurrant plants cv. Ben Tron were planted in 1991 to investigate long-term effects of seven fertilization strategies. Broadcast fertilization was given in spring and autumn, fertigation from May until August, or a combination of fertigation and broadcast fertilization. Three fertilizer rates were used, and the amount was increased three times during the trial because of low mineral content in the leaves and insignificant yield response. Yield parameters, macro nutrient content in leaves and content of soluble solids in fruit juice were recorded over 11 years. The variation between years was significant for all parameters recorded, but the fertilization strategies had only a minor effect over time. Content of macro nutrients in leaves was low compared to recommended values, and did not respond significantly to increasing fertilizer amounts. Yield decreased with plant age. Frost reduced yield in at least two years, but few significant correlations with precipitation and temperature were found. A good water access seems to be important for a stable fruit yield, while precipitation during flowering is likely to reduce yield because of fruit drop.


There are several options for the teaching factory program, namely smart school, tourism promotion, and digital ecommerce. The program selection is adjusted to the conditions of the school that will implement the teaching factory and the objectives to be achieved in teaching factory learning. Ecommerce is a teaching factory program that markets products with various kinds of online marketing. The basis for product-based teaching factory learning. Products must be sold in the market. Products marketed online. This study examines; 1) product teaching factory fashion design expertise program. 2) Online-e-commerce marketing for teaching factory products. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and observations. The sample is a vocational high school fashion design expertise program that implements the teaching factory in East Java. Observations were made by researchers and teachers to obtain information about products launched in e-commerce, and product e-commerce. Data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative. The results showed that the students' products in teaching-learning were very good to be marketed by e-commerce. Products that are marketed through various online marketing and e-commerce, the results are more effective in reaching consumers and introducing student products to the wider community


Slot-waveguides have attracted considerable attention recently due to the high-intensity electric fields and power densities that can be achieved in very small volumes of low-index materials. Latest applications of this concept have led to new designs of photodetectors, modulators and CMOS-compatible light-emitting devices. However, the coupling of light to and from fiber optics and slot-waveguides remains a challenge. In this paper we present the numerical analysis of a slotted nanotaper for coupling between a fiber and the horizontal slot-waveguide. We used numerical simulations to study the coupling process and found a minimum mismatch loss of 0.4 dB for a tip width of 105 nm. The mode conversion from the tip of the coupler to the full width of the slot-waveguide was performed with a loss less than 0.2 dB when the length was at least 80 microns. This inverse taper increases significantly the coupling efficiency, compared to other approaches such as direct butt coupling and an improved rectangular silicon nanotaper.


Influence of Patricipation in Leisure Time Physical Activity on Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption among Former Athletes and Non Athletes The purpose of the study was to recognise relationships between participation in leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and smoking and alcohol consumption among former athletes (FA) and individuals with no sports experience (NA). In Spring-Summer periods in the years 1997-2002 within the purposively sampled groups of FA (n=312) and people NA (n=417) - an anonymous survey was conducted concerning their socioeconomic status, participation in LTPA, smoking and alcohol consumption. The age of examined FA and NA ranged from 18 to 51 years. Respondents' participation in LTPA was measured as follows: frequency, time and forms of LTPA. For evaluation of respondents' smoking status in the last six months the following categories were used: I do not smoke, I smoked occasionally, I smoked 1 to 10 cigarettes/day, and I smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day. Variables describing alcohol consumption involve frequency of drinking alcohol beverages and type of consumed alcohol beverages. It has shown that among male FA was a significantly lower rate of non-smokers, as compared to male NA. No correlation was found between LTPA and smoking and alcohol consumption among women FA and NA. Negative correlation between participation in LTPA and smoking and alcohol consumption was found in both male groups. The results obtained allow us to draw a conclusion that promoting participation in competitive sports or LTPA is a valuable means to complement intervention programmes focused on the reduction and elimination of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption addressed to men.


In contrast to most political marketing theories which imply that such concepts as 'voter-orientation' or 'voter-centric political management' are trivial and uni-dimensional, this article will take its starting point from an alternative perspective.

It draws on the concept of political marketing 'postures', i.e. a multi-faceted conceptual entity, based on varied dimensions of political marketing orientations. The main duality consists of the constructs of 'leading' and 'following', with an auxiliary (and complementary) dimension of 'relationship building'.

This article provides an exploratory methodology to operationalize this concept, which will also be initially tested empiricially, using expert judgements as well as electorate's perceptions.

Changing postures will be exemplified within a longitudinal application of the concept to perceptions of Tony Blair as Prime Minister.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Connecting rod is one of the important components to connect engine piston and the crankshaft,and it is one of the main under-stress parts of internal combustion engine during movements.This paper,by means of numerical simulation,analyzes the finite element of automobile engine connecting rod. ANSYS software is applied for modeling and mapping its stress along two different paths. The maximum and minimum stress boundary is obtained,which will provide a reference for subsequent fatigue analysis and dynamic simulation.


Various tries are in progress to expand the usability of wireless telecommunication harminized internet technology. The most typical example among those services is LBS(Location Based Service). Nowaday, Standards for telecommunication system of LBS centers round on 3GPP(3rd Generation Partnership Pr...


cAMP regulates secretory processes through both protein kinase A (PKA)-independent and PKA-dependent signaling pathways. However, their relative contributions to fast neurotransmission are unclear at present, although the cAMP mediated increase in neurotransmitter release could be attributed to an increase of vesicular release probability and to the enhancement of the number of releasable vesicles in various neuronal preparations. The present study analysed the contribution of the novel cAMP receptor Epac to the cAMP related modulation of neurotransmission. Neurotransmitter release from cultured murine or rat hippocampal excitatory autaptic neurons was monitored during low and high frequency stimulation in the presence or absence of Epac-Selective Cyclic AMP Analogs (ESCAs) using the patch-clamp technique. ESCA-induced Epac activation increased both the action potential-evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) amplitudes during 0.2 Hz frequency stimulation and the number of spontaneous fusion events (mEPSCs) from autaptic excitatory Dentate Gyrus-neurons. The magnitude of potentiation depended on the average EPSC amplitude recorded during the first two minutes, on the cell culture age, and on the presynaptic calcium ion concentration. ESCA1 (8-pCPT-2 -O-Me-cAMP)-mediated Epac activation accounted on average for 38% of the forskolin-induced increase in evoked EPSC amplitudes and for 100% of the forskolin-induced increase in mEPSC frequency. Forskolin is generally believed to enhance intracellular cAMP levels by stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity. The mEPSC amplitude and the number of readily releasable vesicles remained unchanged upon brief ESCA1 treatment (1.2 minutes). In conclusion, ESCA1 application increased vesicular release probability. Finally, the data show that ESCA1- and phorbol esters-stimulated signaling pathways interact. The observed coupling of both signaling pathways was dependent on protein kinase C activity.


For many years, those observing Mexico have debated the question, "Is the Mexican Revolution dead?"' Those responding in the affirmative have noted that the institutionalization of the Revolution along with the development of the dominant, "official" political party, the Partido Revolucionario Institutional (PRI), has created a new political elite, a massive and conservative bureaucracy, and a system opposed to change. Many feel that this political system having guaranteed political stability and social peace in Mexico for so many years, is unable to bring meaningful change or reform. Mexico's current economic crisis has led many of these pessimists, along with members of the press and others, to speculate that only another revolution can alter existing structures sufficiently to respond to the present needs of the country. A review of the historical development of modern Mexico will facilitate an evaluation of the possibilities of reform or revolution.


T he subject of this work, the Cooler ring experiment CE-06, involved the development and construction of equipment designed specifically to take advantage of the physics opportunities afforded by the new accelerator. CE-06 was the first experiment to measure exclusive pion production using a solid target in a storage ring, and represented the first use of heavy recoil (A > 4) detection techniques in such a facility. To achieve these goals, a number of experimental challenges had to be met. This chapter describes the Cooler ring facility and the detection apparatus specific to the CE-06 experiment.


We report on two types of dispersive mirrors: ultrabroadband chirped mirrors with reflectivity and dispersion covering 1.5 octaves (and supporting 2.6-fs pulses), and high-dispersive mirrors for kHz Ti:Sa oscillator-amplifier system and Ti:Sa CPO compressors.


In summary, the risk factors of sleep disruptions in cancer patients are multifactorial. Savard and Morin7 summarized insomnia-related factors in cancer into three categories: (1 predisposing factors that increase the individual's general vulnerability to develop insomnia, such as hyper-arousability, being female, aging, and a personal and a familial history of insomnia; 2) precipitating factors that trigger the onset of sleep disturbances, such as the cancer itself, cancer-related emotional impact and functional loss, and cancer-related treatments and symptoms such as pain, and delirium; and 3) perpetuating factors that contribute to the maintenance of sleep disturbance over time, such as maladaptive sleep behaviors and faulty beliefs and attitudes about sleep. Based on the research findings, it is likely that sleep disruptions in cancer patients, particularly insomnia, are more likely comorbid with cancer and with other cancer-related symptoms, rather than secondary to cancer treatments and other cancer-related symptoms, such as fatigue, pain, and depression.


Jonathan Crowe and Bri Lee have recently argued that the mistake of fact excuse, for which s 24 of the Criminal Code Act 1913 (Qld) provides, should be rendered inapplicable to rape and sexual assault proceedings in that State. In this article, I argue that this proposal is objectionable because, however progressive its promoters consider it to be, it is incompatible with human rights – and would probably breach the Human Rights Act 2019 (Qld). Moreover, the Queensland Law Reform Commission and the Queensland Parliament should reject an alternative proposal of Crowe and Lee's, which seems to be aimed at achieving indirectly what their primary proposal would achieve directly. Even if Crowe and Lee's research demonstrated that mistake of fact is causing injustice for rape and sexual assault complainants – and it does not – absolute liability for serious crime is indefensible.


A computer program for designing a carry-lookahead adders which add two binary numbers of various bit-widths, and an input carry bit.


In this paper we investigate the progression of the wholesale price index (WPI) and various consumer price indices (CPIs) in the last four decades. different time series models are used to analyze the past data and project their movement in the coming years. Any change in petroleum prices has direct as well as indirect effect on the WPI. We estimate the indirect impact through appropriate distributed lag models. The effective time taken for the full impact is also investigated. For the CPIs, we study the extent by which its constituents carry the impact of extraneous variable like fuel price index. The work is aimed at gauging the possible impact of further increase in the fuel price index on the aggregate WPI as well as select CPIs.


Human resource development (HRD) has long been seen as an integral part of human resource management (HRM). Whilst international HRM (IHRM) has become recognised as an ever-increasing challenge for those organisations operating in an international arena, so too has international HRD (IHRD). One of the common elements recognised in models and theories of change management is that of resistance by individuals, sometimes suggested to vary depending on national culture, organisational culture, individual experience and a range of other factors. This study examined resistance to change and how it may affect the unlearning required during significant organisational change. The findings suggest that an individual's level of resistance to change has significant impact on their ability to unlearn, and suggests that managers need to find ways to engage those individuals with a higher level of resistance to change if organisational change is to be successful. For those responsible for IHRD, this adds an additional level of complexity to the management of change.


After analyzing the current drag-drop frame of MFC, a gerneral grag-drop frame of application is proposed.The participator and the interaction between participators during a process of drag-drop operation is assigned.And the effect of drag-drop operation is show as an example.


High speed trains, when crossing regions with abrupt changes in vertical stiffness of the track and/or subsoil, may generate excessive ground and track vibrations. There is an urgent need for specific analyses of this problem so as to allow reliable esimates of vibration amplitude. Full understanding of these phenomena will lead to new construction solutions and mitigation of undesirable features. In this paper analytical transient solutions of dynamic response of one-dimensional systems with sudden change of foundation stiffness are derived. Results are expressed in terms of vertical displacement. Sensitivity analysis of the response amplitude is also performed. The analytical expressions presented herein, to the authors' knowledge, have not been published yet. Although related to one-dimensional cases, they can give useful insight into the problem. Nevertheless, in order to obtain realistic response, vehicle-rail interaction cannot be omitted. Results and conclusions are confirmed using general purpose commercial software ANSYS. In conclusion, this work contributes to a better understanding of the additional vibration phenomenon due to vertical stiffness variation, permitting better control of the train velocity and optimization of the track design. Zuzana Dimitrovova, Jose N. Varandas, Joao R. de Almeida and Manuel A.G. Silva 2


chromatography revealed the presence of higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids than saturated fatty acids. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of A. salina fatty acids, disc diffusion and microdilution broth methods were used. The antimicrobial activities of the fatty acids were determined against 4 different fish pathogens. The antimicrobial activity assay results showed that the fatty acids were the most active against Vibrio alginolyticus. The fatty acids were also tested against clinical and foodborne pathogen microorganisms (thirteen bacteria and one yeast). The antimicrobial test results showed that the fatty acids of A. salina showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity on the tested microorganisms except for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Micrococcus luteus NRRL B4375 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076. The results presented here may suggest that the fatty acids of A. salina possess antimicrobial properties against both fish and human clinical and foodborne pathogens, and therefore can be used as a natural preservative ingredient in the feed and/or pharmaceutical industry.


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Abstract Model predictive control has been originally developed for chemical process control, where plants are expensive, have slow dynamics, and a large number of inputs and outputs. Furthermore, in chemical process control each control system is usually deployed to a single plant, and hence can be specifically tuned. In recent years there has been a growing interest towards MPC in other industries, such as automotive, factory automation, and aerospace, where the plants have faster dynamics, fewer inputs and outputs, reduced costs, and each controller is deployed to a large number of plants, i.e., it is deployed in large volumes. The applications in this industries also presents several classes of nonlinearities. While there are several benefits in using MPC in large volumes industries, the difference in the plant characteristics and in production volume targets pose several challenges to the widespread use of MPC that are still partially unsolved. In this paper we discuss the benefits of MPC in large volumes industries, by using examples from automotive, aerospace, and mechatronics that involve specific nonlinearities that can be efficiently handled by MPC. We then discuss the unsolved challenges for these application domains, and the related ongoing research.


Supercapacitors (SCs) have excellent merits of high power density, rapid charge/discharge rates, and long cycle stability [1]. However, their relatively low energy density hampers the practical applications [2]. In general, the energy density of SCs strongly depends on their intrinsic properties of active materials and related inactive indispensable components such as current collector, electrolyte, separator, tabs, and package. Usually, the weight of these inactive components can reach around 50~70% of total mass [3]. In most literature, active materials are evaluated at a relatively low areal mass loading (<5 mg/cm2) to pursue the maximum performance by fully exposing the active sites and shortening the charge and ion transport pathways as much as possible [4]. However, these evaluation methods show limited guidance to design commercial SCs based on such active materials. Low areal mass loading of active materials results in excessive utilization of the current collector. In general, the density of current collector (Al foil: 2.7 g/cm3) is several times larger than that of active materials (compacted density of activated carbons (ACs): 0.4~0.6 g/cm3), hindering the development for high-energy, lightweight and low-cost SCs [5]. ACs are the most promising material for commercial SCs owing to their high surface area, robust electrical conductivity, good chemical stability, and low cost. In commercial SCs, the ACs electrode is fabricated with an optimized mass loading of >10 mg/cm2 and a thickness of 100-200 µm [6]. However, the capacitance of SCs is not linear with the mass loading or electrode thickness. Simultaneously, the increased mass loading or electrode thickness results in inferior performances due to the decreased accessible surface area, enlarged electrical resistance, prolonged ion transport channels, and poor electrolyte wetting. Therefore, it is still needed to design a novel active materials-current collector system with high mass loading for the practical applications of SCs.
 In this work, we report using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) matrix with high mass loading embedded in Ni foam (NF) to develop high areal capacitance electrodes for SCs. The CNTs matrix was directly grown on the NF (the size of 1×1×0.05 cm) by CVD method at the temperature of 650-800 °C without any other catalysts. Acetylene (C2H2) was used as the carbon source at a flow rate of 5 sccm, and the balance gases were H2 and Ar with flow rates of 100 and 300 sccm, respectively. The mass loading of the CNTs matrix reaches up to 60 mg/cm2. Figure 1 (a) and (c) show the top and bottom surface morphologies of CNT-NF electrode. Two electrodes with the mass loading of 60.2 and 59.5 mg/cm2 were packaged into a coin cell for evaluating the performances. The glass fiber and 1mol/L MeEt3NB4 in Acetonitrile were used as the separator and electrolyte, respectively.
 Figure 2 (a) shows the cyclic voltammetry (CV) of SCs at the scan rates of 100 mV/s and 2 mV/s. The calculated capacitance of SCs is 1214 mF. Given that, the corresponding areal, gravimetric, and volumetric capacitance of CNTs matrix active material are calculated as 2.428 F/cm2, 40.4 F/g, and 48.6 F/cm3, respectively. Figure b (a) presents the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of SCs in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 mHz. The impedance at high frequency is the contact resistance between the active material and current collector, indicating that the contact resistance of the CNT-NF electrode is 0.187 Ω·cm2 because the CNTs matrix grows on NF directly without using any binders. After 600 cycles, the capacitance of SCs reaches 1442 mF by an increase of 18.8% and because CNTs matrix has a poor wetting ability in the organic solvents, as shown in Figure 2(c). In figure 2(d), the corresponding contact resistance is 0.205 Ω·cm2 after 600 cycles, showing CNT-NF electrode has excellent rate stability.
 In conclusion, we have successfully used Ni foam as the scaffold structure and current collector for growing high mass loading CNTs matrix as the active material for high areal capacitance application. Importantly, this 3D CNTs matrix electrode system could offer a promising strategy to simultaneously improve the areal capacitance and energy density (gravimetric or volumetric) of SCs.

 References

 [1] F.Wei, et al. New Carbon Mater. 34, no. 2 (2019): 132-139. 9.
 [2] Z.Li, et al. Nat. Energy 5, no. 2 (2020): 160-168.
 [3] F. Zhang, et al. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, no. 5 (2013): 1623-1632.
 [4] H.Sun, et al. Nat. Rev. Mater., 2018, 4, 45-60.
 [5] H.Nakagawa, et al. J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, no. 1 (2000): 38.
 [6] Y.Gogotsi, et al., Science, 2011, 334, 917-918.

 Figure 1


The common electronic purse specifications (CEPS) was created as a globally interoperable electronic purse standard. However, it is also well known that numerous significant errors have been found in the design of e-commerce protocols. In this paper model-based verification using Casper, CSP and FDR is addressed, demonstrating how the secrecy properties in the CEPS can be achieved. Vulnerabilities are confirmed and its countermeasure are mentioned. In addition, we confirmed that model-based verification techniques should help identify and analyze error in the design of e-commerce protocols


With the development of computer technology,software is becoming more and more complex.The Defect Management should be applied to software development.There are lots of Defect Management and Defect Track Management Systems in this field,but almost none of them suit for users in China.Therefore,this disquisition is discussing the Defect Track Management System adapting to small and medium software companies at home.(E-bugnet)


Background: Measurement accuracy is critical for biomechanical gait assessment. Very few studies have determined the accuracy of common clinical rearfoot variables between cameras with different collection frequencies. Research question: What is the measurement error for common rearfoot gait parameters when using a standard 30Hz digital camera compared to 100Hz camera? Type of study: Descriptive. Methods: 100 footfalls were recorded from 10 subjects (10 footfalls per subject) running on a treadmill at 2.68m/s. A high-speed digital timer, accurate within 1ms served as an external reference. Markers were placed along the vertical axis of the heel counter and the long axis of the shank. 2D coordinates for the four markers were determined from heel strike to heel lift. Variables of interest included time of heel strike (THS), time of heel lift (THL), time to maximum eversion (TMax), and maximum rearfoot eversion angle (EvMax). Results: THS difference was 29.77ms (±8.77), THL difference was 35.64ms (±6.85), and TMax difference was 16.50ms (±2.54). These temporal values represent a difference equal to 11.9%, 14.3%, and 6.6% of the stance phase of running gait, respectively. EvMax difference was 1.02 degrees (±0.46). Conclusions: A 30Hz camera is accurate, compared to a high-frequency camera, in determining TMax and EvMax during a clinical gait analysis. However, relatively large differences, in excess of 12% of the stance phase of gait, for THS and THL variables were measured.


A 3D coupled large deformation elastic-plastic FE model is developed to simulate the rolling process of 140 angle steel.The influence of the transition arc radius for butterfly-pass on the effective strain distribution of the workpiece and the fullness degree for each pass in rolling process were proposed,the increase of arc radius for butterfly-pass is used to prevent the formation of leg-fold because of too large fullness.


Abstract A conceptual framework was developed for analyzing and constructing special educational programs for ethnic minority students. Three variables were formulated as the principal components of a comprehensive program: ethnic aspirations of minority students, structure of special educational programs, and professional employment opportunities. Hypotheses were formulated specifying the kinds of relationships between the variables that were likely to produce outcomes for students. Four special educational programs for Native Americans were analyzed. Generalizations were made regarding the extent to which these were designed to preserve and enhance the ethnic community.


Simple Summary With the mortality rate of pancreatic cancer predicted to rise over the coming years, it is essential that effective treatment strategies are developed as soon as possible. Pancreatic cancer has always proven very difficult to treat due to its fast growing and aggressive nature. Chemotherapeutic treatment has struggled to increase the survival rate of pancreatic cancer patients due to effective chemo-resistant properties that derive from the supporting tumor microenvironment and autophagy, a vital survival pathway. This review will explore how the autophagy pathway and tumor microenvironment help to sustain tumor survival under stress and expand into a metastatic state. Due to the comprehensive understanding of the autophagy pathway, we will highlight the potential chinks in the pancreatic tumor's armor and identify potential targets to overcome chemo-resistance in pancreatic cancer. We will also present novel autophagy inhibitors that could reduce tumor survival and how they could be most effectively conceived. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is known to have the lowest survival outcomes among all major cancers, and unfortunately, this has only been marginally improved over last four decades. The innate characteristics of pancreatic cancer include an aggressive and fast-growing nature from powerful driver mutations, a highly defensive tumor microenvironment and the upregulation of advantageous survival pathways such as autophagy. Autophagy involves targeted degradation of proteins and organelles to provide a secondary source of cellular supplies to maintain cell growth. Elevated autophagic activity in pancreatic cancer is recognized as a major survival pathway as it provides a plethora of support for tumors by supplying vital resources, maintaining tumour survival under the stressful microenvironment and promoting other pathways involved in tumour progression and metastasis. The combination of these features is unique to pancreatic cancer and present significant resistance to chemotherapeutic strategies, thus, indicating a need for further investigation into therapies targeting this crucial pathway. This review will outline the autophagy pathway and its regulation, in addition to the genetic landscape and tumor microenvironment that contribute to pancreatic cancer severity. Moreover, this review will also discuss the mechanisms of novel therapeutic strategies that inhibit autophagy and how they could be used to suppress tumor progression.


A theory of the static stability of circular cylindrical domains in uniaxial magnetic platelets has been developed. The predictions of the theory agree well with experiments and provide requirements which link material properties to domain geometry. The theory is developed by assuming a model in which the domains have cylindrical walls of zero width and by then calculating the size and stability of the domains, using a straightforward although somewhat lengthy energy method. It is found that in order for domains to exist Ku⪞2πMs2, where Ku is the uniaxial anisotropy constant and Ms is the saturation magnetization. However, the model is most accurate when Ku≫2πMs2, although in this case the domains tend to have a low mobility. A formula relating domain size to the material parameters, the plate thickness and the applied bias field is obtained. More important, static stability considerations indicate that when all parameters except the bias field are held constant the domains are stable only over a 3:1 diam...


This paper highlights the importance of the School of Salamanca for its contribution to economic thought: it could be said that the Spanish scholastics laid the foundations of an authentic economic science.


In this paper we study the lattice CP$^1$ model in (3+1) dimensions coupled with a dynamical compact U(1) gauge field. This model is an effective field theory of the $s={1 \over 2}$ antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin model in three spatial dimensions. By means of Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate its phase structure. There exist the Higgs, Coulomb and confinement phases, and the parameter regions of these phases are clarified. We also measure magnetization of O(3) spins, energy gap of spin excitations, and mass of gauge boson. Then we discuss the relationship between these three phases and magnetic properties of the high-$T_{\rm c}$ cuprates, in particular the possibility of deconfined-spinon phase. Effect of dimer-like spin exchange coupling and ring-exchange coupling is also studied.


The creation of Wireless Body Area Networks has been enabled by recent advancements in wearable computing and wearable sensor devices (WBANs). The wireless body area network consists of remotely linked miniaturised sensors mounted in, on or around the human body, providing continuous monitoring of physiological signs to support applications for medicine, lifestyle and entertainment. We propose a secure, power-efficient and highthroughput routing protocol for Wireless Body Area Networks in this research work. To achieve minimum energy consumption and longer network lifespan, we use multi-hop topology. In order to pick the parent node or forwarder, we propose a cost function. A parent node with high residual energy and a minimum distance to sink is selected by the pro-posed cost function. The residual energy parameter balances the energy consumption between sensor nodes, while the distance parameter ensures that the packet is transmitted successfully to the sink.


Abstract Contribution presents a partial research probe into the problems of non-institutional dialogue of adults in Eastern Slovakia focused on two representative means of a personal pronouns subsystem – ja [I] and on [he]. We observe their communication use in the spontaneous communication through the prism of the adult dialogue typology (cf. Bodnárová, 2012). One of the main issues associated with the group of the personal pronouns is the motivation of the explicit expression of pronominal subject. In the contribution we reflect on this particular issue, based on the existing research of the analogous issues, above all in Slovak and Czech linguistics. Despite of this fact, it is not limited to affirmative findings and exemplification, but it attempts to deepen and complement the already known findings through their own original material. In addition to communication and pragmatic approach we also apply point of view of the personal deixis and syntax.


The power generated with the photovoltaic (PV) systems will be in DC. To connect this system to electric grid, the generated power needs to be converted to AC which is done through power conditioning unit (inverter). The majority of contemporary inverters used in DG systems are current source inverters (CSI) operating at unity power factor. If, however, we assume that voltage source inverters (VSI) can replace CSIs, we can generate reactive power proportionally to the remaining unused capacity at any given time. The aim of the work is to control the flow of active power to grid according to availability of insolation level. This work also presents the control of reactive power, i.e. reactive power supplied to and absorbed from the grid according to availability of active power from PV system.


An awakening interest in public space in Brazilian cities is emphasising the value of existing civic areas. Guilherme Wisnik, a critic, curator and professor at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of Sao Paulo, looks at the history and potential future of Brazil's urban spaces. He highlights how despite the introduction of innovative Modernist design in the mid-20th century, which forged 'a new relationship between architecture, urbanism and landscape design', more recently the country's cities have been subject to the vicissitudes of market and political forces.


A methodforthedeterniination ofthetransient re- sponse ofasymmetric sideband systems utilizing fast Fourier trans- formsonadigital computer isdeveloped. Themethodemploys a single simplified compact representation oftheequivalent low-pass analog ofthesystem transfer function fromwhichboththein-phase andquadrature components ofthetransient response maysimul- taneously bedetermined. Anexample oftheuseoftheequivalent low-pass system function isillustrated together withaproposal foritsutilization forthedeter- mination ofluminance andchrominance transient responses inthe NTSCtelevision channel. I.INTRODUCTION


Following the report of two Canadian Aboriginal patients with severe hepatic failure by Mhanni et al. (2006), suffering from hyperammonemia, hyperornithinemia, and hyperhomocitrullinuria (HHH) syndrome, to the best of our knowledge, we are presenting the third and the oldest Aboriginal patient with HHH syndrome. Our patient, a 34-year-old male of Métis descent, with chronic cognitive dysfunction, presented with acute inappropriate behavior and recurrent hostility. Previously, he was healthy with no seizure or vascular risk factor. He complained of an inability to "think right" and impaired concentration. On assessment, his vital signs were normal. He was alert, moderately cooperative, and his language was normal. Motor examination including muscle tone was normal. Deep tendon reflexes were brisk and left plantar response was extensor. Sensation, coordination, and gait were normal. There was no meningismus or asterixis. During the first week in the hospital, the patient had episodes of aggression and disorientation requiring physical restraint occurred. The episodes were refractory to quetiapine and occurred in the evenings. During the day, he was calm and oriented. On reassessment, his Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was 12/30, visuospatial skills were impaired (Figure 1A), deep tendon reflexes were brisk, plantar responses were extensor, coordination was impaired, and gait was unsteady. Subsequently, he became unconscious with intermittent colonic movements of the extremities that were treated with intravenous lorazepam and phenytoin load. Blood work was normal on admission, which included complete blood count, electrolytes, Ca , Mg , Po4 2 + , glucose, creatine kinase, liver enzymes, and bilirubin. Further investigation showed negative vasculitis panel (antinuclear antibody, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, extractable nuclear antigen, rheumatoid factor, and C-reactive protein) and thrombophilia workup, negative urine toxicology on several occasions, hypodensities in the right frontal lobe on cranial computed tomography scan, slow electroencephalogram background, negative cerebrospinal fluid, including polymerase chain reaction for herpes simplex virus. His brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was suspicious for acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis or vasculitis (Figure 2A). The vasculitis workup, hepatitis panel, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, and HIV tests were all negative. Repeated brain MRI revealed infarcts in the cingulate and insular cortices bilaterally (Figure 2B). Magnetic resonance angiogram and stroke workup including 24-hour Holter monitoring were negative. Left ventricular ejection fraction was decreased (45% to 50%) on echocardiogram. A repeated electroencephalogram taken while the patient was comatose showed diffuse slowing with no epileptiform discharges or triphasic waves. Arterial blood gas showed respiratory alkalosis (pH: 7.47 [7.38-7.46]; bicarbonate: 24 mmol/L [21-28]; partial pressure of carbon dioxide: low at 33 mmHg [35-48], partial pressure of oxygen: 91 mmHg), and blood ammonia level was markedly elevated at 291 μmol/L. Homocysteine was high at 25.97 μM/L (3-15). The results also showed increased serum glutamine at 1154 μmol/L (371-788), ornithine at 463 μmol/L (14-145), and high urine methionine and orotic acid/creatinine at 51/1.5 (0.4-1.2 μmol/mmol). Homocitrulline was not measured directly; however, there is


Emerging and re-emerging respiratory viral infections pose a tremendous threat to human society, as exemplified by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Upon viral invasion of the respiratory tract, the host initiates coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against the virus and to promote repair of the damaged tissue. However, dysregulated host immunity can also cause acute morbidity, hamper lung regeneration, and/or lead to chronic tissue sequelae. Here, we review our current knowledge of the immune mechanisms regulating antiviral protection, host pathogenesis, inflammation resolution, and lung regeneration following respiratory viral infections, mainly using influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 infections as examples. We hope that this review sheds light on future research directions to elucidate the cellular and molecular cross talk regulating host recovery and to pave the way to the development of pro-repair therapeutics to augment lung regeneration following viral injury. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 41 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


The viscosities of solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate of concentrations up to 0.8 percent in distilled water and in 0.01- to 0.12-Af sodium chloride have been measured. By introducing the concept of a monomer saturation concentration it is possible to determine the intrinsic viscosity of the micelles at each concentration of sodium chloride. A method for the experimental determination of the monomer saturation concentration is presented. The dependence of the intrinsic viscosity on the salt concentration is discussed in terms of electroviscous and hydration effects. The data indicate the presence of spherical micelles in the solutions investigated. 1- Introduction Since the early experiments of Krafft [I}1 and McBain [2] on soap solutions, and the subsequent interpretation of their results in terms of the existence of micelles in such solutions, many researches [3, 4] have been undertaken to investigate the size and shape of these particles. It is now generally assumed that there are at least two types of micelles. In the concentration range between the onset of micelle formation (about 0.1 to 0.25 percent by weight) and about 1 to 2 percent, a small, highly charged and highly conducting micelle is thought to exist. This type of micelle has been discussed at some length by Hartley [5, 6]. He considered them as spheres, but there has been no general agreement on their shape. A large micelle, haying a structure discernible by X-ray diffraction, exists at higher concentrations (about 10 percent or greater). They have been discussed and investigated by McBain [2], Hess [7], Philippoff [8], and others [9]. Harkins [10] and his coworkers interpret their later X-ray diffraction data for concentrated solutions in terms of cylindrical micelles. Brady [11], however, utilizing a treatment considered by Corrin [12], interprets his data for concentrated sodium dodecyl sulfate solutions in terms of a radial distribution of spherical micelles. Recent light-scattering investigations by Debye [13] indicate that in the presence of high concentrations of electrolyte, the micelles of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide are rodlike. The purpose of this research was to investigate the viscometric behavior of dilute solutions of a pure, well-defined detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate. Detergent concentrations up to 0.8 percent by weight were used. Distilled water and 0.01 to 0.12 M sodium chloride solutions were used as solvents. 2. Materials The' sodium dodecyl sulfate was synthesized, as described by Shedlovsky [14], from a vacuum-distilled sample of n-dodecyl alcohol. The chlorosulfonic acid used in the synthesis was distilled immediately before use. All other reagents used in the synthesis and subsequent purification conformed with Amerii Figures in brackets indicate literature references at the end of this paper. can Chemical Society specifications. Prior to making up solutions for the measurements, the detergent was extracted with diethyl ether for about 8 hr in a Soxhlet extractor. After a measurement, the detergent was recovered from solution in the following manner: The solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue taken up in ethyl alcohol. The alcohol solution was filtered and evaporated to dryness. This residue was then taken up in water and crystallized. Finally, the crystals were extracted with ether.


Abstract Fiji is peculiar in having within its population a component population of immigrant origin which has remained ethnically distinct from all other groups and which, in recent years, has become numerically predominant in the population. The other major component is the indigenous Fijian population and between them Fijians and Indians constituted more than 92% of the total population enumerated in the 1956 census. The Indian component is increasing more rapidly than is the Fijian and the factors contributing to these differential rates of increase have been analysed and are presented in this paper. The changes which have occurred over the last ten years in the patterns of mortality and fertility in each group are examined, and the likelihood of further changes are discussed in relation to the economic implications of the present age structure of the populations.


Based on results from a one-year intensive monitoring project of a northern New York commercial building with energy-conserving design features, a thermal storage project was undertaken to optimize the design of a thermal mass storage system for a moderately sized commercial building and transfer the technology to the commercial building sector. a generic commercial building design of 27,000 square feet (2508 m{sup 2}) was selected for the optimization project. Several different types of thermal mass designs were considered as potentially practical for a commercial building. These included a sandmass design such as the mass incorporated in the previously monitored commercial building mentioned above, a foundation slab of sufficient thickness to serve as a significant building thermal mass, and the use of poured cement in interior wall and floor construction. Five different office building thermal designs were selected which represented various thermal storage features and two different building insulation levels (R10 and R20). Energy performance of the five thermal designs was modeled in building energy simulations using DOE 2.1C (Department of Energy 2.1C) energy simulation code. Results of the simulations showed a reduction in peak heating and cooling loads would be experienced by the HVAC equipment. The reduction in peak heatingmore » and cooling loads was anticipated because thermal mass within a building serves to average peak heating and cooling loads due to the capacity of the thermal mass to store and release heat from all building heat sources over a period of time. Peak heating loads varied from 1972 kBtuh (578 kW) for the R-10 light construction base case to a minimum of 980 kBtuh (287 kW) for the R-20 heavy construction sandmass storage case.« less


This interview was conducted by Dr Boris Gojanovic after the Lausanne 2020 Youth Olympic Games.

Richard, can you please introduce yourself, as a medical doctor and an athlete.
I am the medical and scientific director for the IOC and I started off in life as a rower. As an athlete, I had the privilege to compete in the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, and I won a gold medal there...