The aim of this work is to examine the evolution and role of the U.V.F. in Ulster from
1912-4. In the opening chapter the sectarianism that plagued Ulster during the Home Rule
crisis is discussed. The work focuses on Castledawson in Londonderry, where an alleged
attack by Hibernians against Presbyterian school children sparked riots in Belfast and
resulted in Catholics being driven from their jobs. This work shows how the emerging
importance of public opinion forced the Unionist leadership to reign in the militant
excesses of some Unionists. The chapter discusses the damage inflicted upon the Unionist
campaign of opposition to Home Rule by the Belfast riots, with some papers describing
Unionists working in the Haarland and Wolff shipyards as terrorists.
In chapter two the formation and structure of the U.V.F. in Belfast, Antrim, and
Fermanagh is examined. The chapter discusses the military structure of the U.V.F. and
why the organisation was better suited to urban Ulster. In the course of the chapter the
link between big business and the U.V.F. is examined, the focus of which is on George
Clark of Workman and Clark shipyards. The difference in political views of those on the
U.U.C. is studied to show who was in favour of compromise, and who wished to fight.
The role of the U.V.F. in halting sectarian attacks in both rural and urban Ulster is
discussed, and the levels of recruitment to the organisation in Belfast, Antrim, and
Fermanagh.
In the final chapter three major issues that affected Ulster in 1914 are examined.
The failure of Asquith to offer a realistic settlement to Carson in the autumn of 1913-4
undermined Carson's authority as leader of the U.U.C. The radical line pursued by some
members of government and a significant minority of the Unionist party during the
coercion crisis and the Lame gunrunning is examined, to show the effect this had on the
political process. Lastly the renewal of sectarian attacks in Ulster as moderate Unionism
was marginalised is discussed to show the danger of some form of conflict breaking out if
Home Rule was forced on Unionists.


Ab initio STO-3G calculations with full geometry optimization on substituted formaldehyde-, pyrazolone- and hexafluoroacetone-anils indicate different conformations of the linear inversion state in the thermal E,Z isomerization of aromatic azomethines dependent on the extent of push-pull conjugation in the molecular systems; based on this fact, an explanation of Hammett plot deviations from linearity found for special azomethines becomes possible without the assumption of a competition between the inversion and rotation mechanism in the E,Z isomerization.


According to characteristics of the Power Supply Techniques Course,the optimization and recombinant of teaching contents is made.To cultivate the core competitiveness as the main line,modular teaching mode is used through a variety of teaching methods and the combination of theoretical teaching and practical teaching unification,also with fine course construction,build open study platform.Teaching practice has proved that it has specific targets,clear teaching thread,complete knowledge systems,and greatly improving students' learning motivation and efficiency,conductive to the improvement of student's comprehensive ability.


Abstract : It is shown that, for ideal bundles having a given number of fibers that will break under a load per fiber 1 sub 1 and a given number of fibers that will not break under a load 1 sub s (>1 sub 1), the average number of unbroken fibers in the bundle at loads between 1 sub 1 and 1 sub 2 depends linearly on the probability that an individual fiber picked at random will support a load 1. Bundles are grouped according to the number of fibers in the bundle that can support that load per fiber at which the average total load supported by the bundle is a maximum. An approximation to the maximum of the average load supported by the bundle is arrived at for each group, and this maximum averaged over the groups constitutes a lower bound for the average breaking strength of the bundle. The results agree with those of Pierce and Daniels.


The TRANSURANUS code development started in 1973 and initially focused on fuel pins for fast breeder reactors. There was a shift in 1992 towards LWR applications. The VVER version of the code has been under development since the mid 90s. Specific thermal and mechanical properties for Nb-containing cladding and specific correlations for annular UO2 fuel pellets were implemented to simulate fuel rod performance under normal operating conditions. Simulation of accident conditions came to the front in the EXTRA project, which was completed in 2003. The project focused on the development of a data-base for Zr1%Nb cladding and on the elaboration of new models and correlations for plastic deformation, high-temperature oxidation and cladding failure. The new models were incorporated into the TRANSURANUS code and validated against burst tests for as-received, oxidised, and irradiated cladding specimens. Furthermore, the upgraded version of the code was applied for assessing the fulfilment of safety acceptance criteria in design basis accidents. An example for the modelling of fuel rod performance in large break LOCA is presented. In the follow-up project of EXTRA it is intended to account for the hydrogen uptake by the cladding material under accident conditions, which have detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of the cladding. New experiments concerning the oxidation kinetics, the mechanical strength and the embrittlement of hydrogen charged cladding are carried out at the AEKI (KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute) in Hungary. The experimental program and its recent results are demonstrated. Finally, an outlook is given about the planned activities for code development. The experimental data of the new tests are to provide background for the development of new correlations and the improvement of the present models.


Internet of Things (IoT) connects thousands of everyday use objects and devices under the same network. Hence, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is crucial in evolving IoT. SDN provides a programmable and adaptive networking through the use of dedicated central controller that can handle a multitude of different connected devices. Integrating SDN into IoT can enable intelligent routing, simplified data acquisition, transition, and analysis, centralized management of network resources and applications, and dynamic on-demand reconfiguration of the network. At the same time, they pose challenges in terms of performance, interoperability, scalability, reliability and security. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on SDN for IoT, i.e., the concepts of SDN-IoT and their impact on each other, several SDN-IoT architectures, security and privacy implications, and other challenges.


Spam contributes to approximately two-thirds of the e-mail traffic over the Internet [9] and is fast becoming a major problem for IT users and network administrators. Spam costs billions in lost productivity [21] and results in more problems than mere annoyance of delayed and lost non-spam e-mails. Spam continuously evolves to circumvent spam control systems and is becoming much more sophisticated [13]. Naive Bayes classification has widely been used for spam detection and several variations have been proposed [1], [25], [11]. As other supervisedlearning techniques, its accuracy (for detecting spam) depends on the quality, quantity, and timeliness of the learning corpora


This paper focuses on measuring how much the work values and attitudes of young Quebec workers differ from those of older workers. We analyze the three core dimensions of the work relationship, i.e. the centrality of work, its principal finality, and attitudes towards the dominant managerial norms. We build our analyses on the data from a 2007 survey questionnaire administered to 1,000 workers representative of the Quebec labour force aged 18 years or more and not in full-time study. According to our study, although worker values and attitudes do not diverge significantly among the age groups surveyed, young people tend to attach less importance to work than do older workers and their aspirations towards work are not as high. Nevertheless, their adherence to the dominant managerial norms slightly exceeds that of their elders. Consequently, branding young people on the basis of their work values and attitudes fails to reflect observed reality, at least insofar as the centrality and finality of work and attitudes about managerial norms are concerned. For each of the target dimensions, employment status and level of training apparently outweigh age class as determinants shaping values and attitudes.


In this paper we describe a concept to manage and develop a web based virtual 3D scene, based on CityGML LoD 2 models, DTM tiles, ortho-photos and energy simulation results of specific heating demand and photovoltaic potential generated from SimStadt simulation platform, by integrating it on ESRI 3D City Information Model (3DCIM) platform. The final output results into a web based 3D visualization of multiple layers of building attributes such as building age, building height, building type, building usage and energy simulation results in terms of specific heating demand and PV potential. Additionally 3D modelling of trees and waterbody were produced based on its location to visually enrich the final virtual 3D scene.


—In many scenarios, the communication system suf- fers from both Gaussian white noise and non-Gaussian impulsive noise. In order to design optimal signal detection method, it is necessary to estimate the parameters of mixed Gaussian-impulsive noise. Even though this issue can be well tackled with respect to pure mixed noise, it is quite challenging based on the received single-channel signal including both transmitting signal and mixed noise. To mitigate the negative impact of transmitting signal, we propose a parameter estimation method by utilizing a neural network, namely U-net++, to separate the mixed noise from the received single-channel signal. Compared with existing blind source separation based methods, simulation results show that our proposed method can obtain rather better performance in terms of estimation accuracy and robustness under various scenarios.


The claim, made not so long ago, that ideology in Communist political systems is in decline may not be entirely correct. Examining the social composition and career patterns of ideological specialists in the German Democratic Republic, Professor Baylis finds that these functionaries enjoy relatively high status, and that ideological work, by itself, is no disqualification for advancement to the highest positions in the party.


This application is a continuation-in-part of my co pending application Ser. No. 359,414 filed on Apr. 13, 1964. This invention relates to an improvement in the manu facture of molecular sieves to produce a sieve which has a high rate of exchange of normal hydrocarbons through the pore entrances. More specifically, this invention re lates to an improvement in the manufacture of molecular sieves by converting a refractory oxide particle to a binderless zeolite particle in which the density of the re fractory oxide particle is controlled to produce a high rate, low density zeolite. Still more specifically, this invention relates to lowering the density of a refractory oxide par ticle selected from the group consisting of silica and alumina formed from a hydrogel particle by contacting the hydrogel particle with an organic liquid which is miscible with water and has a lower surface tension than water, then drying and calcining the hydrogel particle to form a refractory oxide particle and thereafter con tacting the low density refractory oxide particle with a treating solution containing alkali metal cations and anions selected from the group consisting of silicate, aluminate and hydroxyl and thereby converting the refractory oxide particle to a high exchange rate zeolite particle. In one of its embodiments, this invention relates to a method of producing a binderless high rate synthetic zeo lite having a spherical shape which comprises: mixingto gether an aqueous silica solution, an aqueous acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric and sulfuric acid and an aqueous hexamethylenetetramine solution; forming spherically shaped hydrogel particles from the mixture; contacting the hydrogel particles with an organic liquid selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol (including iso-propanol) and acetone; drying and calcining the resulting hydrogel particles to form low density solid spherically shaped silica particles; bringing the silica particles into contact with an aqueous treating solution containing alkali metal cations and alu minate anions, the composition and amount of the treat ing solution being established in relation to the weight of silica particles to incorporate sufficient alumina in the finished zeolite to attain a silica/alumina weight ratio of from about 46/54 to about 55/45; and maintaining said particles in contact with the treating solution until the particles are substantially converted to spherically shaped zeolite particles. Molecular sieves have become increasingly important in the field of adsorbents in the past few years. The sieves are of crystalline structure having many small cavities connected by still smaller pore entrances of uniform size. These pores may vary in size from 3 Angstrom units up to 12 or even 15 Angstrom units. However, a particular molecular sieve material desirably will have a uniform pore entrance size. These crystalline aluminosilicate ma terials are chemically similar to clays and feldspars and belong in the class of materials called zeolites. Zeolites vary somewhat in composition although they generally contain aluminum, silicon, oxygen and an alkali and/or alkaline earth metal. The zeolites may be dehydrated with out destruction of the crystal structure, leaving an inter laced crystal structure of regularly spaced channels. There are a number of commercially available molecu lar sieves, each having a particular pore size. It is within O


The International Conference Functional Materials and Nanotechnologies (FM&NT – 2012) was held in Riga, 17–20 April 2012 at the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (ISSP UL). The conference was organised by ISSP UL in co-operation with National Research programme in Materials Science and Information Technologies of Latvia. The purpose of this series of conferences is to bring together scientists, researchers, engineers and students from universities, research institutes and related industrial companies working in the field of advanced material science, energy and materials technologies. The contributions of the participants were grouped according to three main topics of the conference: 1. Multifunctional Materials including advanced inorganic, organic and hybrid materials; ferroics; multiscale and multiphenomenal material modeling and simulation 2. Nanotechnologies including progressive methods, technologies and design for investigation of nanoparticles, nanostructures, nanocomposites, thin films and coatings; 3. Energy including perspective materials and technologies for renewable and hydrogen energy, fuel cells, photovoltaics and developing diverse energy systems. A special section devoted to Organic Materials was organized to commemorate a long-time organizer of the FM&NT conference series, Dr. habil. phys, academician Inta Muzikante who passed away on 15 February 2012. The number of registered participants from 21 countries was nearly 300. During the three days of the conference 2 plenary, 16 invited, 54 oral reports and 184 posters were presented. 64 papers, based on these reports, are included in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Additional information about FM&NT-2012 is available at its homepage http://www.fmnt.lu.lv. The Organizing Committee would like to thank all the speakers, contributors, session chairs, referees and other involved staff for their efforts in making the FM&NT-2012 successful. The Organizing Committee sincerely hopes that the Conference gave all the participants new insights into the widespread development of functional materials and nanotechnologies and would enhance the circulation of the information released at the meeting. Inta Muzikante Andris Sternberg Liga Grinberga Anatolijs Sarakovskis The manuscripts are published thanks to the financial support from ERAF project 'Atbalsts starptautiskas sadarbibas projektiem zinatne un tehnologijas LU Cietvielu fizikas instituta' Nr.2010/0204/2DP/126.96.36.199.0./10/APIA/VIAA/010 International Organizing Committee 1. Andris Sternberg (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 2. Juras Banys, Vilnius University, Lithuania 3. Gunnar Borstel, University of Osnabrück, Germany 4. Niels E Christensen, University of Aarhus, Denmark 5. Robert A Evarestov, St. Petersburg State University, Russia 6. Claes-Goran Granqvist, Uppsala University, Sweden 7. Dag Høvik, The Research Council of Norway, Norway 8. Marco Kirm, Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Estonia 9. Jiri Kulda, Institut Laue-Langevin, France 10. Witold Lojkowski, Institute of High Pressure Physics, Poland 11. Ergo Nommiste, University of Tartu, Estonia 12. Ingólfur Torbjörnsson, Icelandic Centre for Research, Iceland 13. Marcel H. Van de Voorde, University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands International Program Committee 1. Liga Grinberga (chairperson), Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 2. Eugene Kotomin, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Germany 3. Martins Rutkis, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 4. Inta Muzikante, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 5. Liga Berzina-Cimdina, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Riga Technical University, Latvia 6. Janis Grabis, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia 7. Linards Skuja, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 8. Maris Springis, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, Latvia 9. Ilmars Zalite, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Latvia 10. Janis Zicans, Institute of Polymers, Riga Technical University, Latvia Local Committee Liga Grinberga, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, Jurgis Grube, Maris Kundzins, Anastasija Jozepa, Anna Muratova, Raitis Siatkovskis, Andris Fedotovs, Dmitrijs Bocarovs, Sniedze Abele, Mikus Voss, Andris Sivars, Peteris Lesnicenoks, Virginija Liepina. In Memoriam Dr. habil. phys. Inta Muzikante (08.01.1951–15.02.2012) Inta was born in Valmiera, a town in the northern part of Latvia. She attended school in Sigulda and high school in Riga. While at the high-school, Inta decided to study natural sciences. After graduating from high-school in 1969 she entered the physics section of the Physics and Mathematics department of University of Latvia and obtained her university degree in 1974. In parallel with University studies, Inta started to work at the Semiconductor Physics Research Lab at the University of Latvia. After graduating she was offered a position at the Physical Energetics institute of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, in the laboratory of Professor Edgars Silinsh, one of the most internationally well known Latvian physicists. Inta started researching electronic and photoelectric processes in organic crystals and thin films. This was a novel field, pioneered both internationally and in Latvia by Profesors E Silinsh, O Neilands and J Freimanis. It could be said that Inta stood at the cradle of this research field and stayed faithful to it all of her life. Her work was very successful and within a few years she advanced from research assistant to researcher and then leading research scientist. Her first scientific topic was studies of the mechanism of charge carrier photogeneration and separation in organic molecular crystals. In 1983 for a work entitled 'Charge carrier photogeneration and trapping processes in organic molecular crystals' Inta obtained her PhD degree (USSR Candidate of Sciences degree). The major part of Inta Muzikante's research activities was devoted to the investigation of electronic states in organic thin films and multilayers. Studies of electrophysical properties and energy structure of the wide class of organic compounds, such as isolators, semiconductors and conductors have been done. During these studies the complex application of conventional space charge limited current method (SCLC), differential method of SCLC, thermally modulated SCLC and thermally stimulated current was provided for local trapping state investigation. These investigations are of great importance for application in studies of organic light-emitting diodes and organic solar cells. In I Muzikante's work for the first time the existence and asymmetry of trapping states of quadrupolar origin in pentacene thin films was experimentally confirmed. In the last decade Inta Muzikante has broadened her scientific scope. The organic materials with photochromic effect became important part of her research because of their possibility of being employed in optical storage of data and molecular switching devices. Reversible trans/cis photoisomerization of azobenzene and indandione derivatives in self-assembled monolayers, LB multilayers and polymer films were studied. A turning point in Inta's life was the re-establishment of independent Republic of Latvia in 1991: the previously tightly closed international borders opened, and she was free to visit and work in the most important international scientific centers. During this period she stayed and worked at Potsdam University and the Center of Macromolecular Chemistry in Germany, South Bank University, London and Manchester University in UK, Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chemie Industrielles, P&M Curie University, and Angers University in France and at the Vilnius University in Lithuania. After the passing away of Professor E Silinsh in 1998, Inta took over the duties of the Head of Laboratory. In spite of the Latvian science going through hard times due to inadequate funding, she managed to preserve the lab's core staff and to further develop its scientific potential, while also continuing active research work herself. In 1998 she obtained the Dr.Habil degree for the work 'Electronic processes and states in organic molecular crystals and Langmuir–Blodgett multistructures'. Inta's research was recognized by awarding her in 1999 the recently established and prestigeous Edgar's Silinsh prize in physics by the Latvian Academy of Sciences. During this and the subsequent period, another of her many talents started to shine through: her particular skill of finding capable young people from the best high-schools in Latvia and motivating them to work in research. Several of these students have now become researchers in her lab. With Inta's demise, four PhD students lost their supervisor. Inta's research and organizational work gained even more momentum after her lab transferred to the Institute of Solid State Physics in 2003. At her new home Inta rapidly acquired the respect and sympathies of her new colleagues. Her duties as the Head of Laboratory and of Leading research scientist were soon supplemented by the tasks of the Institute deputy director for research. In 2006 Inta was elected as the Corresponding Member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, and subsequently elected to full Academy membership in 2008. She has authored more than 240 research papers. Inta started to give lecture courses to the physics students of the University of Latvia and took up even more duties. She served as a guest editor on international journals, as an expert in European Commission, and as a representative for Latvia on a number of European scientific programs and projects. With the passing away of Inta Muzikante, the Latvian and international science community has lost an excellent scientist and a talented science organizer.


A two stage rectifier using Cuk topology is proposed to supply variable output voltage having amplitude higher and lower than input voltage in high frequency applications. The main purpose of this work is to achieve a wide variation of output voltage using two stages at the same circuit for same and different load situation. For this reason in this work single stage circuit is modified to a two stage topology for getting better regulation. The principal features of the circuit include bidirectional power flow with low harmonics and improved power factor. The proposed rectifier also able to draw sinusoidal input current with power factor nearly unity where different single stages is operated from a single three phase balance source and a simple control circuit is introduced to generate the switching pulses. The analysis has been carried out to control the output voltage more widely compared to single stage Cuk regulated rectifier. This rectifier contains two active switches and simple fixed frequency PWM technique is used to control it. The operating principle, circuit diagram and experimental results are presented in this paper.


Context. X-ray surveys of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) indicate "cosmic downsizing", with the comoving number density of high-luminosity objects peaking at higher redshifts (z ∼ 2) than low-luminosity AGN (z < 1). Aims. We test whether downsizing is caused by activity shifting towards low-mass black holes accreting at near-Eddington rates, or by a change in the average rate of accretion onto supermassive black holes. We estimate the black hole masses and Eddington ratios of an X-ray selected sample of AGN in the Chandra Deep Field South at z < 1, probing the epoch where AGN cosmic downsizing has been reported. Methods. Black hole masses are estimated both from host galaxy stellar masses, which are estimated from fitting to published optical and near-infrared photometry, and from near-infrared luminosities, applying established correlations between black hole mass and host galaxy properties. Both methods give consistent results. Comparison and calibration of possible redshift-dependent effects is also made using published faint host galaxy velocity dispersion measurements. Results. The Eddington ratios in our sample span the range ∼10 -5 -1, with median log (L bol /L Edd ) = -2.87, and with typical black hole masses M BH ∼ 10 8 M ⊙ . The broad distribution of Eddington ratios is consistent with that expected for AGN samples at low and moderate luminosity. We find no evidence that the CDF-S AGN population is dominated by low-mass black holes accreting at near-Eddington ratios and the results suggest that diminishing accretion rates onto average-sized black holes are responsible for the reported AGN downsizing at redshifts below unity.


PURPOSE: A reconfigurable processor for power consumption decrease and a operating method thereof are provided to efficiently reduce power consumption without the addition of an additional compiler function or a complex hardware in the reconfigurable processor using a dispersion configuration memory structure. CONSTITUTION: A function unit(120) performs function operation. A storage unit(110) stores an operation performance result. A distributed operation configuration memory(140) includes configuration information about the function operation of the function unit. A distributed routing configuration memory(150) includes configuration information about routing. A predicate signal inputted to the function unit is applied to the distributed operation configuration memory, and controls the activation of the distributed operation configuration memory.


The wellness concept with its high rates of development and penetration is becoming a global phenomenon. In order to understand and perceive it better, its roots have been traced historically. Also the Wellness development and its current state have been considered. It has been made an attempt to formulate a comprehensive definition that clarifies its essence in its multifaceted nature as well as its impact on society and business relationships.


In electromagnetics and antenna engineering, reflection and transmission coefficients are important parameters to be evaluated statistically and numerically to obtain effective computer simulations. This paper proposes a pedagogy to understand the development methodology of numerical reflection and transmission coefficient models. The proposed method employs relatively easy mathematics instead of the conventional ways that use difficult mathematics. These are then simulated as computer models. The study in this paper included a medium comprising of air and glass placed in it. Firstly, the region was divided into a gridded structure where the grids were mathematically formulated. Points on the grid were distinguished between different media using electrical permittivity and conductivity. The grids included boundary conditions and electric field wave propagation through them. Both boundary conditions and field equations were numerically modelled and discretized using the finite difference method with a proportional h2 error. This method provided a system of linear equations, which were then solved linearly to obtain the required reflection and transmission coefficients. An important aspect of the presented work is to provide an example approach for computational thinking (CT), which is now considered an important part of any engineering curriculum


i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii DECLARATION v SCIENTIFIC OUTPUT vi TABLE OF CONTENTS viii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW 1.


In isolated perfused lungs of the guinea-pig perfused with recirculating Ringer-Locke solution:

1. Acetylcholine raises the intrapulmonary pressure and diminishes the venous outflow, both effects being abolished by atropine.

2. Adrenaline frequently produces a fall in intrapulmonary pressure together with an increase in venous outflow. When no change in intrapulmonary pressure occurs a fall in venous outflow takes place. These results confirm those of Dale and Narayana. In addition it has been found that adrenaline may cause under certain conditions a slight but definite rise in intrapulmonary pressure; the latter phenome-non may possibly depend upon the retention in the circulating perfusate of substances diffusing out from the lung tissues. It was found that ergotoxine converts this adrenaline intrapulmonary rise to a fall.

3. Stimulation of the peripheral end of the cut cervical vagosympathetic nerves usually causes a rise in intrapulmonary pressure associated with a diminution or no change in outflow.

4. Stimulation of the peripheral ends of the cut cervical sympathetic nerves produced a rise in intrapulmonary pressure without any associated change in the venous outflow in one experiment. In three experiments on ergotoxinised animals a fall in intrapulmonary pressure took place, again without any significant venous outflow change.

5. Stimulation of the peripheral ends of the cervical vagi leads to a rise in intrapulmonary pressure together with a diminution or no change in the venous outflow.

6. Ergotoxine reverses the bronchoconstriction produced by stimulation of the cervical vagi or cervical vagosympathetic nerves.

7. Examination of variations in the venous outflow and intra-pulmonary pressure, whether spontaneous or due to nerve stimulations or drug administrations, shows that the venous outflow alterations are not always dependent upon bronchomotor effects.

The expenses of this research were defrayed by a grant from the Moray Endowment Committee, for which I wish to express my thanks.


The bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, and its biosynthesis is an established target for antibiotics. Peptidoglycan is assembled from a glycopeptide precursor, Lipid II, that is polymerized by peptidoglycan glycosyltransferases into glycan strands that are subsequently crosslinked to form the mature cell wall. For decades bacteria were thought to contain only one family of enzymes that polymerize Lipid II, but recently, the ubiquitous SEDS-family proteins RodA and FtsW were shown to be peptidoglycan polymerases. Because RodA and FtsW are essential in nearly all bacteria, these enzymes are promising targets for new antibiotics. However, almost nothing is known about the mechanisms of these polymerases. Here, we report that SEDS proteins synthesize peptidoglycan by adding new Lipid II monomers to the reducing end of the growing glycan chain. Using substrates that can only react at the reducing end, we also show that the glycosyl donor and acceptor in the polymerization reaction have distinct lipid requirements. These findings provide the first fundamental insights into the mechanism of SEDS-family polymerases and lay the groundwork for future biochemical and structural studies.


Let $A_1$, $A_2$ be unital Banach algebras and $X$ be an $A_1-A_2-$ module. Applying the concept of module maps, (inner) module generalized derivations and generalized first cohomology groups, we present several results concerning the relations between module generalized derivations from $A_i$ into the dual space $A^*_i$ (for $i=1,2$) and such derivations from the triangular Banach algebra of the form $\mathcal{T} :=\left(\begin{array}{lc} A_1 &X\\ 0 & A_2\end{array}\right)$ into the associated triangular $\mathcal{T}-$ bimodule $\mathcal{T}^*$ of the form $\mathcal{T}^*:=\left(\begin{array}{lc} A_1^* &X^*\\ 0 & A_2^*\end{array}\right)$. In particular, we show that the so-called generalized first cohomology group from $\mathcal{T}$ to $\mathcal{T}^*$ is isomorphic to the directed sum of the generalized first cohomology group from $A_1$ to $A^*_1$ and the generalized first cohomology group from $A_2$ to $A_2^*$. Finally, Inspiring the above concepts, we establish a one to one corresponding between weak (resp. ideal) generalized amenability of $\mathcal{T}$ and those amenability of $A_i$ ($i=1,2$).


The use of composite materials has a positive effect on the aircrat weight reduction,which in its turn provides the improvement of aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft and increases the factor of safety. But at present the application of composite parts make the task of their production and replacement more complicated. Aircraft repair work may also become more complex because of the problems connected with composite materials production.


The problem of computing signal probabilities of digital circuits arises in the context of random testing, pseudorandom testing, and testability analysis. This paper presents a simple but effective algorithm for estimating signal probabilities, which provides significantly better estimates of signal probabilities than the weighted averaging algorithm and most importantly is linear in the product of circuit size and the number of primary inputs. Based on this algorithm, the detection probabilities of stuck-at faults are estimated. Experimental results using ISCAS benchmark circuits show the effectiveness and the improvement of this technique over the simple algorithm as well as the weight averaging algorithm. The correlation coefficients of the results are extremely good and the algorithm is very fast.


Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a potential accumulator of water pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, and its presence in water systems can affect water quality. This study used different field measurements and laboratory tests of lake water to determine the impact of water hyacinth phytoremediation capacity. A total of eight sampling stations were used for the two lakes: Lake Koka and Lake Ziway, Ethiopia. Sampling stations were selected from sites infested with water hyacinth (low, medium, and high) and non-water hyacinth aquatic plants during wet or rainy and dry or non-rainy seasons to compare the effects of plants on water quality in the two lakes. All the sampled stations had various human interventions. The water samples were tested for the selected physico-chemical properties, namely, phosphate, nitrate, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), the five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), water temperature, and heavy metals (Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu)). These water quality variables were compared by means of ANOVA. Despite the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of Lake Ziway, this study found no significant (p > 0.05) variation in the concentrations of Cu, EC, pH and water temperature between wet and dry seasons in either lake. Variations in Zn concentration and other physico-chemical parameters (EC, BOD5, COD, nitrate, phosphate) between low, medium, and high levels of water hyacinth were significant in both lakes (p < 0.05). Water hyacinth has shown significant phytoremediation nature during wet and dry seasons. The lowest average heavy metal, phosphate, and nitrate concentrations; and significant pH and temperature variations were observed in Lakes Koka and Lake Ziway, among water hyacinth and other grass-infested sites. These findings suggest water hyacinth plant as a promising nature-based solution for removing undesirable chemicals from contaminated water bodies.


The use of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> resonant converters has gained popularity in multiple applications that require high conversion efficiency and galvanic isolation. In particular, many applications like portable devices, flat TVs, and electric vehicle battery chargers require demanding slim-profile packaging and enforce the use of planar transformers (PTs) with low-height, low leakage inductance, excellent thermal characteristics, and manufacturing simplicity. The main challenge in successfully designing <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> converters with PT resides in controlling high-parasitic capacitances produced by large overlapping layers in PT windings. When the parasitic capacitances are not controlled, they severely impair the converters' performance and regulation, and limit the application of PTs in high-frequency <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> converters. This paper characterizes the PT capacitance issue in detail and proposes mitigation strategies to improve the performance of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> converters with PTs. A systematic analysis is performed, and six PT winding layouts are introduced and benchmarked with a traditional design. As a result of the investigation, an optimized structure is obtained, which minimizes both the interwinding capacitance and ac resistance, while improving the regulation performance of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$ </tex-math></inline-formula> converters. Experimental measurements are presented and show a significant reduction of parasitic capacitance by up to 21.2 intra- and 16.6 interwinding capacitances, without compromising resistance. This substantial capacitance reduction has a tangible effect on the regulation performance of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> resonant converters. Experimental results of the proposed PT structure in a 1.2 kW <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LLC$</tex-math></inline-formula> resonant converter show a reduction in common-mode noise, extended output voltage regulation, and improved overall efficiency of the converter.


Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation (TANSO) Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (FTS) onboard GOSAT monitors CO2and CH4globally from space. GOSAT will be launched in January, 2009. The initial onboard performance will be presented.


PURPOSE
One of the most relevant aspects in cell death regulation is the signalling of apoptosis by the serine/threonine kinases MAPKs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TNF-alpha stimulation on MAPK activation, and the pro- or anti-apoptotic role of these kinases in LNCaP and PC3 cells.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Treatments were carried out using several TNF-alpha concentrations, as well as specific pharmacological inhibitors of MAPKs. Apoptosis rates were evaluated by DAPI staining and flow cytometry. MAPK phosphorylation/activation was measured by Western blot.

RESULTS
TNF-alpha induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in LNCaP but not in PC3 cells. The MAPK inhibitors revealed that the apoptotic rate in LNCaP cells increased significantly following p38 inhibition. The kinase inhibitors failed to cause changes in apoptosis in PC3 cells.

CONCLUSIONS
The potentiation of apoptosis by p38 inhibition points to this kinase as a possible target for the treatment of androgen-dependent prostatic cancer.


Review of David Lee Kning's book face2face: Using Facebook, Twitter, and Other Social Media Tools to Create Great Customer Connections.


A procedure for measuring cyclic AMP in samples containing interfering substances, especially high concentrations of other adenine nucleotides, is described. Samples are purified by sequential chromatography on phenyl boronate followed by Dowex - 1. The final elution is with 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid; the samples are immediately ready for acetylation and radioimmunoassay. Cyclic AMP can be detected at 0.5 nanomolar without need to concentrate the sample at any step. The method has been successfully applied to samples containing 100 micromolar ATP, ADP, or AMP in tissue culture medium.


Flooding is very serious problem for cities in Asia; according to Dartmouth Flood Observatory, of the 20 megacities in East and Southeast Asia, 14 are sitting on river deltas and 18 have experienced major flood events in the past decade. In Indonesia, there are millions people exposed to flooding conditions during the monsoon season. There are also millions of residents who are connected to the internet, and one another, through their mobile devices. During flood situations, Indonesians are especially active on the social media; they share crucial information with each other through social media and instant messaging platforms. By sharing local information about their neighbourhood during the flood, others use this real-time information as to make decisions, reduce risk, and improve safety. Though the local government has received some support from NGOs, private companies, and other agencies in terms of collecting information from the field during disaster events, this information is usually not well-integrated with their operational system, which can cause problems during emergency situation. By beginning from the chaotic reality experienced by residents and first responders during flood events, PetaBencana.id team created a design brief for their platform that made sure it would easily collect disaster reports from social media and integrate with real-time updates from governmental agencies. In the same time, the platform was designed to support peer-to-peer sharing and to democratize decision support by allowing residents with internet access to freely use the platform. PetaBencana.id also runs on free and open source software, which is a key to maintain public transparency and make the project sustainable.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affect learner's self-esteem in the context of oral proficiency among secondary school students in the district South Karachi. The study focused on the impact of self-esteem on English language speaking skill of the target population. The self-esteem factors in the study were addressed as self-confidence, self- motivation, gender, grammatical structural knowledge, vocabulary and usage, fluency and pronunciation. The study employed survey as the major research. Private schools operating in the district South Karachi were the samples of the study. Data was collected through purposive sampling. Questionnaire and interview were followed as research instrument. Data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The study found that self-esteem of secondary school students is an indispensable aspect of learner's life and must be addressed while developing the curriculum for these students.


M. Anwar Batal Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Aleppo. Nahedh H. Alwash Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Muthanna University email@example.com Batol Dabaa University of Aleppo. Abstract The electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of Cu3Sb1-xAlxSe4 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05 &0.07) compounds are investigated in the temperature range of (298 – 553) K. The results indicate that with increasing Al content from (x=0) to (x=0.07), hole concentration increases monotonically from (2.03×10 to 2.82 × 10 cm) due to the substitution of Al for Sb, thus leading to a large decrease in the electrical resistivity of Cu3Sb1-xAlxSe4. Meanwhile, the increase in hole concentration leads to a transition from a non-degenerate (x = 0) to a partial degenerate (x = 0.05, 0.07) and then to a degenerate state (x=0.07). The power factor (PF) of all the Al-doped Cu3Sb1-xAlxSe4 samples is remarkably improved due to the optimization of hole concentration. Lattice thermal conductivity kL of the heavily doped sample(x=0.07) is reduced. As a result, a large thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1.28 is obtained for Cu3Sb0.97Al0.03Se4 at 458K, which is around 5 times as large as that of the un-doped Cu3SbSe4 sample.


UNESCO advocated the idea of Education for International Understanding in 1946.From then on,the core of the idea has been enriched and developed in worldwide primary and middle schools.Since every country has its own starting point and the end result of Education for International Understanding,we don't know how to grasp its structure and barycenter when the nationalism conflict with the internationalism between the history and the reality.Constructed of nationalism,internationalism and the international reference system,a new ternary structure will clarify the barycenter of Education for International Understanding through the stereoscopic impression of perspective in the multidimensional and speculative spaces.


Medium and long-term contracts could not only bring long-term stability needed by generator,but also avoid the risk of price fluctuations by stipulating the contract price and the contract volume via bidding or bilateral agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.The medium and long-term contracts are emphasized because of their importance.As a main form of electricity trading in China at present,the medium and long-term contract plays a very important role in generators' profit making.With analysis on the advantages of medium and long-term contracts based on CfD,this paper further discusses trading strategies for medium and long-term contracts that generators may take.


SiC power BJTs have been developed over the last five years into a sufficiently mature technology (1-5). The reliability and applications of these devices are now being studied. This paper summarizes the evolution of this development culminating into the most recent performance of the 1600 V, 20 A devices with a current gain of 40 in the linear region, a forced current gain of 27 in the saturation region and a specific on-resistance of 4.5 mohm-cm 2 .


The use of visual representations (i.e. photographs, diagrams) has been part of science since it makes it possible for scientists to interact with complex phenomena, and they might convey important evidence not observable in other ways. In this paper we argue that visual representations are an important aspect of science, and the purpose of this paper is to explore through two case studies how visualization is embedded and contributes to knowledge, knowledge development, growth and production in science, and how this aspect of science can have implications for the teaching and learning of science. First, we present a case study, the discovery of DNA discovery,that highlights the epistemic components of visual information in science. Here we draw on the autobiography of James Watson, one of the discoverers of the structure of DNA to highlight how visual representations played a role in the discovery of DNA. Our analysis here is informed and guided by Ron Giere's view of science which articulates the various epistemic components of science, such as data and models. Our intention with this case study is to provide an example scenario where visual data is used as scientific evidence in science. The second case study focuses on the experimental practices and how reproducibility of experimental procedures can be reinforced through video data. In this example, we draw from a contemporary innovative multimedia science journal called Journal of Visualised Experiment to illustrate how visualisation is used in the reporting and validation of experimental procedures. We conclude with implications for science education, which include the need for the design of learning environments and teacher professional development programs to problematise the use of visualisation in the growth of scientific knowledge. Erduran & Evagorou (2012) Paper presented at the annual National Association of Research in Science Teaching Conference, March 25-28, Indianapolis, USA 2 Introduction The use of visual representations (i.e. photographs, diagrams, tables, charts) has been part of science over the years, and has evolved with the new technologies (i.e from drawings to advanced digital images). Visualisation makes it possible for scientists to interact with complex phenomena (Richards, 2003), and they might convey important evidence not observable in other ways (Barber, Pearson & Cervetti, 2009). Even though the use of visual representations seems to be an important aspect of the scientific knowledge growth, their use has not been sufficiently studied from its epistemological basis in scientific practices, and the use of visual representations in the teaching and learning of science is still a relatively under-explored area in this respect. Studies in science education have explored the use of images in science textbooks (i.e. Dimopoulos, Koulaidis & Sklaveniti, 2003; Bungum, 2008), students' representations or models when doing science (i.e. Gilber, Reiner & Nakhleh, 2008), and students' images of science and scientists (i.e. Chambers, 1983). Therefore, studies in the field of science education have been using the term visualization as "the formation of an internal representation from an external representation" (Gilber, Reiner & Nakhleh, 2008, p. 4), whereas studies in other fields (i.e. arts, communications, sociology of science, philosophy of science) apply the term visualization when they talk about the use of visual representations (i.e. images, videos, graphs, pictures) in communicating or understanding an idea. In this paper we do not use the term visualization as mental image, mental model or presentation (Gilbert, et al., 2008; Philips, Norris, & McNab, 2010) but instead focus on the epistemological component of visual information and refer to visualization as a means of knowledge production and growth in science. Therefore, in this paper we argue that visual representations are an important aspect of scientific practices, and the purpose of this paper is to explore through two case studies how visualization is embedded and contributes to knowledge, knowledge development, growth and production in science, and how this aspect of science can have implications for the teaching and learning of science. Our approach marks a departure from the conventional investigations in science education into the role of visualisation in science. Namely, our argument is grounded in the epistemological accounts of scientific practices and how the visual information contributes to the making of evidence and methods of inquiry. Our approach is consistent with the growing interest in recent years in the concept of "practice" across the social sciences (e.g. Ewenstein & Whyte, 2009; Heath & Button, 2002). A similar trend can be observed in the conceptualisation of science where numerous calls for research into the actual "working practices" of scientists have been made (e.g. Knorr-Cetina, 1999; Rheinberher, 1997) including those that are 'epistemic' in nature. A separate line of inquiry in the context of activity theories, has been highlighting the centrality of objects in actions and practices (Engestrom, Miettinen & Punamaki, 1999). For example, Bechky (2003) has highlighted the role of objects such as drawings and machines in engineering contexts could be argued to integral parts of disciplinary knowledge. In this paper we present two case studies that embody the working practices of scientists. The first takes on the biography of a Nobel-prize winning scientist, James Watson and his account of the role of visual information in the construction of knowledge about the structure of DNA. The second focuses on the current practices of scientists in the context of a peer-reviewed journal called the Journal of Visualised Experiments Erduran & Evagorou (2012) Paper presented at the annual National Association of Research in Science Teaching Conference, March 25-28, Indianapolis, USA 3 where methodological innovation in the biological and medical sciences is reported through edited videotaped procedures. In both cases, our approach is guided by the observation that the visual information is an integral part of scientific practices at the least, and furthermore that they are particularly central in the epistemic practices of science. Schematic, pictorial symbols in the design of scientific instruments, and analysis of the perceptual and functional information that is being stored in those images have been areas of investigation in philosophy of scientific experimentation (Gooding, Pinch & Schaffer, 1989). The nature of visual perception, the relationship between thought and vision, the role of reproducibility as a norm for experimental research form a central aspect of this domain of research in philosophy of science. For in stance, Rothbardt (1997) has argued that visualisations are commonplce in the theoretical sciences even if every scientific theory may not be defined by visualised models. Visualisation in Science Visual representations (i.e. photographs, diagrams, tables, charts, models) have been used in science over the years to enable scientists to interact with complex phenomena (Richards, 2003), and might convey important evidence not observable in other ways (Barber, Pearson & Cervetti, 2009). Some authors (e.g. Ruivenkamp & Rip, 2008) have argued that visualisation is as a core activity of some scientific communities of practice (e.g. nanotechnology) while others (e.g. Lynch and Edgerton, 1988) have differentiated the role of particular visualisation techniques (e.g. of digital image processing in astronomy). Scientific visualization has been studied in view of its practicability in fostering educational processes and bridging theory and practice (Gordin & Pea, 1995), numerous studies have explored the use of images in science textbooks (i.e. Dimopoulos, Koulaidis & Sklaveniti, 2003; Bungum, 2008), students' representations or models when doing science (i.e. Gilbert, Reiner & Nakhleh, 2008), students' images of science and scientists (i.e. Chambers, 1983), and how scientists interpret and use visual representations in the processes of scientific practices (i.e. KnorrCetina, 1999; Latour & Woolgar, 1979). Visualization in science includes the complex process through which scientists develop or produce imagery, schemes and graphical representation and therefore what is of importance in this process is not only the result, but also the methodology employed by the scientists, namely, how this result was produced. Visual representations in science may refer to objects that are believed to have some kind of material or physical existence, but equally might refer to purely mental, conceptual, abstract constructs (Pauwels, 2006). More specifically, visual representations can be found for: (a) phenomena that are not observable with the eye (i.e. microscopic or macroscopic); (b) phenomena that do not exist as visual representations but can be translated as such (i.e. sound); and (c) in experimental settings to provide visual data representations (i.e. graphs presenting velocity of moving objects). Additionally, since science is not only about replicating reality, but also about making it more understandable to people (either to the public or other scientists), visual representations are not only about reproducing the nature but also about: (a) functioning in helping solving a problem, (b) filling gaps in our knowledge, (c) facilitating knowledge building or transfer (Lynch, 2006). In this paper we present two Erduran & Evagorou (2012) Paper presented at the annual National Association of Research in Science Teaching Conference, March 25-28, Indianapolis, USA 4 case studies from scientific practices, each one identifying the three functions of visual representations as stated by Lynch. Using or developing visual representations in the scientific practice can range from a straightforward to a complicated situation. More specifically, scientists can observe a ph


We report the detection of the H2 v=1-0 S(1) line at 2.122um, from RNO91 in the L43 dark cloud, which is known to be a T Tauri star surrounded by a 1700AU disk structure (containing ices) and a weak outflow. The non-detection of the H2 v=2-1 S(1) line at 2.247um suggests shock excitation rather than fluorescence. The emission is extended spatially up to 9arcsec in the north-south direction. The line intensity peak (FWHM 3arcsec) corresponds to the star RNO91 which is embedded in a cocoon of gas and dust. The observed H2 emission from this cocoon may be attributed to embedded Herbig-Haro like knots. The H2 line flux in the central 2"X3"is estimated to be 7X10^{-14} ergs/sec/cm^{2}, which indicates a mass flow rate of 4X10^{-8} M_{sun}/yr. Furthermore, narrow band image taken through H2 1-0 S(1) filter is presented, which reveal a tilted disk and bipolar outflow structure that agrees with earlier observations and models. We show that this disk/outflow system is a unique case.


Globalization of the world economy is matched by global problems, and global problems demand global solutions on the basis of ideas, values and norms respected by all cultures and societies. Recognition of the equal and inalienable rights of all the people requires a foundation of freedom, justice and peace but this also demands that rights and responsibilities be given equal importance to establish an ethical base so that all men and women can live peacefully together and fulfil their potential. A better social order both nationally and internationally cannot be achieved by laws, prescriptions and conventions alone, but needs a global ethic. Human aspirations for progress can only be realised by agreed values and standards applying to all people and institutions at all times.


Background Sports club participants report elevated levels of risky alcohol use and related harm compared to the general population, making sporting clubs an opportune setting for intervention. An alcohol management intervention was previously found to be effective in increasing sports club implementation of alcohol management practices and reducing participant's risky alcohol consumption and related harms. Current literature suggests that there is a natural attrition of intervention effect once support ceases. We aimed to determine if clubs can sustain the implementation of effective alcohol management practices 3 years following intervention. Methods Community football clubs in urban and regional areas of New South Wales, Australia were followed over a 6 year period. Repeat cross-sectional surveys were conducted pre-interven-tion (2009, N= 42), post-intervention (2012, N= 28) and at follow-up (2015, N =25) for each club. Study outcomes were: practices implemented. Results The


In this paper,the multifractal analysis about sample paths of Brownian sheet W={W(s):s∈RN+ is discussed.The Hausdorff dimension results of fast points determinded by rectangle increments of Brownian sheet is obtained,and it is shown that for any T0 and 1≥α≥0.


The characteristics of four cases of dilated odontoma were studied using thinly sliced decalcified sections and non-decalcified ground sections. Histological features common to the lesions in all four cases included an outer layer of cementum which enclosed a layer of dentin. Enamel was found within the dentin layer. The proliferation of irregular,calcified tissue with no distinct tissue structure was seen at the center of the lesion.This tissue was apparently derived primarily from dentin and partially from enamel. Dilated odontoma is considered to be a lesion positioned between dens invaginatus and complex odontoma.


A multifunctional detergent composition for washing one's hair, clothes and table ware, for example, is made of sodium silicate, diethanolamine coconut fatty acid, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, EDTA, water, essence, citric acid, sodium carbonate, polyoxyethylenealkylether sulfate and sodium peroxycarbonate, and features no toxicity, high detergency and safety, low cost and conforming environmental protection requirement.


In the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee,the goal of establishing the new socialist countryside was proposed,and then implemented various preferential policies supporting agriculture and farmers,such as the allowance of crop-fields into tree-woods to promote establish the new socialist countryside.Farmers have more income,agriculture and the country are given new development vital forces.The outstanding problem in the process of establishing the new socialist countryside is still the surplus of rural labors,which is in the way of increasing the income of peasants and the sustainable development of rural economy,and makes against the new socialist countryside construction.


Background: Recent pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) caused limitations in the country's strategies to fight against mycobacterial infections. The aim of this study was to compare the suspected tuberculosis (TB) pulmonary patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018–December 2021) who were referred to the National Reference TB Laboratory (NRL TB), Tehran, Iran. The mycobacterial isolated strains were identified and compared with previous data. Methods: A total of 16,899 clinical samples collected from 7041 suspected pulmonary TB patients were received from 2018 to 2021. Primary isolation of Mycobacterium isolates was done on Löwenstein–Jensen medium. Then, the DNA was extracted from acid-fast bacillus culture-positive samples and identification was performed by IS6110, Hsp65, and 16S-23S rRNA genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and nested PCR methods. Results: A total of 11679 specimens (69.1%) from 4866 suspected TB patients were collected in 2018–2019 and 5220 specimens (30.8%; from 2175 patients) in 2020–2021. Out of 11679 specimens, 2046 samples that belong to 852 patients were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the remaining were non-TB Mycobacterium (NTM) species (n = 244) isolated from 102 patients. The cultures for 12894 specimens were either negative (76.3%) or contaminated (845/16899; 5%). A comparison of the total number of patients who were referred for diagnosis and treatment (954/666 patients, P > 0.05) showed a 30.1% reduction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although, with these low number of patients, the significant increases of NTM species (P < 0.05) among suspected TB pulmonary patients were observed. Besides, new species of NTM, for example, Mycobacterium peregrinum and Mycobacterium montefiorense, were detected. For the past 20 years, these two species were not reported from pulmonary patients in Iran. Conclusions: During the pandemic of COVID-19, the TB diagnosis network became irregular, as a consequence, many patients could not reach the treatment center, and this could increase the circulation of mycobacterial diseases (TB and NTM). The study shows the emergence of new opportunistic NTM species also.


The structure of a new lignan glucoside isolated from the stem of Olea europaea LINN. (Oleaceae) was elucidated as (+)-1-acetoxypinoresinol-4´-β-D-glucoside [(1S, 2R, 5R, 6S)-1-acetoxy-2-(3´-methoxy-4´-hydroxyphenyl)-6-(3"-methoxy-4"-hydroxyphenyl)-3, 7-dioxabicyclo [3, 3, 0] octane 4´-β-D-glucopyranoside] by analysis of the carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectra.


Abstract. The joint effects of aerosol, thermodynamic, and cloud-related factors on cloud-to-ground
lightning in Sichuan were investigated by a comprehensive analysis of ground-based measurements made
from 2005 to 2017 in combination with reanalysis data. Data include aerosol optical depth,
cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning density, convective available potential energy (CAPE), mid-level
relative humidity, lower- to mid-tropospheric vertical wind shear, cloud-base height, total column
liquid water (TCLW), and total column ice water (TCIW). Results show that CG lightning density and
aerosols are positively correlated in the plateau region and negatively correlated in the basin
region. Sulfate aerosols are found to be more strongly associated with lightning than total
aerosols, so this study focuses on the role of sulfate aerosols in lightning activity. In the
plateau region, the lower aerosol concentration stimulates lightning activity through
microphysical effects. Increasing the aerosol loading decreases the cloud droplet size, reducing the
cloud droplet collision–coalescence efficiency and inhibiting the warm-rain process. More small
cloud droplets are transported above the freezing level to participate in the freezing process,
forming more ice particles and releasing more latent heat during the freezing process. Thus, an
increase in the aerosol loading increases CAPE, TCLW, and TCIW, stimulating CG lightning in the
plateau region. In the basin region, by contrast, the higher concentration of aerosols inhibits
lightning activity through the radiative effect. An increase in the aerosol loading reduces the amount
of solar radiation reaching the ground, thereby lowering the CAPE. The intensity of convection
decreases, resulting in less supercooled water being transported to the freezing level and fewer ice
particles forming, thereby increasing the total liquid water content. Thus, an increase in the
aerosol loading suppresses the intensity of convective activity and CG lightning in the basin
region.


A separation method of a benzotriazole light stabilizer in polyphenyl ether engineering plastics at least comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving the polyphenyl ether engineering plastics by using an organic solvent, so as to obtain a solution containing the polyphenyl ether engineering plastics; (2) adding a sulfonating agent solution into the solution containing the polyphenyl ether engineering plastics to generate a sulfonated polyphenyl ether and the sulfonated benzotriazole light stabilizer; (3) extracting by using water, filtering, collecting a water phase, so as to obtain a solution of the sulfonated benzotriazole light stabilizer.


By combining the equivalent exergy-drop with thermal economics method,the equivalent exergy-drop quality coefficient matrix equation was established,on the basis of equivalent exergydrop quality coefficientθe.Thus the equivalent exergy-drop quality coefficientθe which can reflect the energy level of each thermal device in thermodynamic system was obtained,so as to conduct economic comparison of the unit energy saving transformation schemes.The thermal system was divided,and the thermal economics supplemental equation was improved to establish the supplemental matrix equation.Finally,this thermal economic analysis method was applied on a 315MW coal-fired unit and verified through comparison with the existing exergy cost method.This algorithm was entirely given by matrix,which made the calculation of exergy cost more simple and provided a reference for thermal economic analysis on thermal systems.


Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and risk stratification systems have been proposed to guide treatment decisions. However, significant heterogeneity remains for those with unfavorable‐risk disease.


Logistics to the Rescue is a spreadsheet K–12 game designed as a platform to familiarize students with emergency logistics. In the game, students play the role of an emergency dispatcher, assigning locations to routes. The challenge presented is threefold. Students must serve as many locations as possible within a time-frame. Midroute, an additional set of locations whose requests may be inaccurate is revealed; these requests are termed unverified demand locations. Students must balance uncertainty and time while serving as many accurate locations as possible. Finally, they are interrupted to learn whether the unverified demand locations' requests are accurate. The game serves as a pedagogical tool for simulating a postdisaster environment and it exposes the real-time implications of social media and the data it produces. It emphasizes the importance of social and ethical awareness in the field of emergency logistics by showcasing the consequences induced by civilians' reliance on social media in times of crisis. In doing so, it highlights the expansive boundaries of engineering's disciplines and content. It is our hope that Logistics to the Rescue will encourage students, especially girls, to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics by providing a distinctive narrative where engineering is viewed as creative/collaborative rather than technical/a-social.


In this article, the authors question about the viability of democracy in countries like the Latin-American ones, as a result of the way they work socially, and in face of the evidences that the liberal ideal of reducing unequality for the democratization of teaching has not been put into pratice in the region, where, on the contrary, more intense unequality has been observed. The authors believe the political policies adopted by the democratic governments to be responsible for this situation, highlighting on the autocratic character of these societies that experience late capitalism.


Inverse iteration, if applied to a symmetric positive definite matrix, is shown to generate a sequence of iterates with monotonously decreasing Rayleigh quotients. We present sharp bounds from above and from below which highlight inverse iteration as a descent scheme for the Rayleigh quotient. Such estimates provide the background for the analysis of the behaviour of the Rayleigh quotient in certain approximate variants of inverse iteration. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Absorption of high power laser radiation by aqueous carbon suspensions is known to result in the formation of highly compressed bubbles of hydrogen and carbon monoxide through the endothermic carbon-steam reaction. The bubbles expand rapidly, overreaching their equilibrium diameter, and then collapse tens to hundreds of microseconds after formation to give a flash of radiation. Here we report on the effects of laser-initiated exothermic chemical reaction on cavitation luminescence. Experiments with hydrogen peroxide added to colloidal carbon suspensions show that both the time of the light flash following the laser pulse and the intensity of luminescence increase with hydrogen peroxide concentration, indicating that large, highly energetic gas bubbles are produced. Additional experiments with colloidal carbon suspensions show the effects of high pressure on the luminescent intensity and its time of appearance following firing of the laser.


Background and Aims Artemisia ordosica is an important sand fixation plant in north China, whereas few studies were conducted on its population patterns. Population patterns of this species are therefore studied, and the aims are mainly: 1) how spatial scales are related to population patterns, 2) whether plant sizes effect population patterns, and 3) what roles environments play in the process of pattern formation? Methods Two plots in the size of 50 m×50 m were established in the Mu Us sandy land, and all the A. ordosica plants were recorded and mapped. After that, the data were analyzed with the method of point pattern analysis. Key results On the scales less than certain critical points, the population is usually characterized by non-random distribution (being clumped or regular), and their spatial association is considerably strong, but may be positive or negative. By contrast, if the scales enlarge beyond these points, the plants will disperse randomly, and their spatial association will loosen greatly. Small individuals are more likely to follow clumped distribution than those big ones. The spatial association between plants will turn from positive to negative if their size differences are enlarged increasingly. Unlike the A. ordosica plants growing in fixed sandy land, those plants in semi-fixed sandy land are easier to follow clumped distribution and associate with each other positively. Conclusions Population patterns and spatial association of A. ordosica depend on spatial scales, individual sizes and environments, and so do their intra-specific relationships. If A. ordosica plants are transplanted into shifting sandy land for sand control and vegetation restoration, they ought to be arranged in the form of clumped distribution rather than regular distribution.


Cytopenia may occur in cirrhosis due to hypersplenism. However severe cytopenia is rare in cirrhosis. In this situation, together with diseases of bone marrow infiltration pernicious anemia with pancytopenia should also be considered in differential diagnosis. In literature, association of pernicious anemia and chronic liver disease was reported as a case presentation. In this paper a case with severe pancytopenia which has been proved as cryptogenic liver cirrhosis is presented.


The article focuses on the migration experience – that is not just a physical journey, but also an inward journey – driving the fragmented individual into the life rebuilding process through the writing experience. We analyse the autobiographical novel Laila by the Afro-Spanish writer Laila Karrouch, which is significant not only for the journeys that follow one another page by page and for the characters attitude, but also because it allows the reader to think about some transformations, that is to say "journeys", to which the paratextual elements are subjected to.


Based on statistics data, this paper sets up the regression equation of GDP and RD by OLS technology, and tests the relationship of co-integration and Granger causality between RD and economic growth .The results showed that it has the co-integration relationship, when the lag intervals were different, there was different Granger causality relationship between RD and economic growth .


Content of my thesis represents a summary of theoretical knowledge and information in the field of black and white photography as well as their subsequent use in the Department of Advertising Photography in Zlin. I focused mainly on the zone system and its interconnection with sensitometry and exponometry.


The invention provides cardanol modified phenol formaldehyde resin and application thereof as a binding accelerator for rubber and a rubber product. When the cardanol modified phenol formaldehyde resin is used as the binding accelerator, the prepared rubber and the rubber product have the characteristics of being free of smoke formation, high in modulus, high in hardness and good in all-steel cord withdrawability in the mixing process. In addition, the invention further provides a tire belt layer prepared from a rubber composition containing the cardanol modified phenol formaldehyde resin and a pneumatic tire prepared from the tire belt layer.


A novel design procedure for tuned mass dampers in isolated structures is presented. The proposed optimization method is specifically developed to control base displacements or to solve the large isolator displacement problem in this type of structures under earthquakes. Therefore, it is based on a displacement transmissibility function, T, a particular case of the general transmissibility concept, which comes from Vibration Isolation. Three contributions are: 1) application of new seismic displacement narrowbandness, 2) simpler relative transmissibility function, and 3) compound design of isolation plus tuned mass damper. A standard isolated model is used to show that the base displacement can be controlled at levels in the proximity of the ground motion (T ≈ 1), which results in a positive comparison with previous isolation plus tuned mass damper solutions; this is one of the main conclusions and it is based on novelty 3 above; in fact, other solutions in the literature compare their attained displacements with respect to the structure without tuned mass damper. Comparison with isolated results is not, therefore, possible herein, but it is not desirable either; actually, what is possible is a positive and more demanding comparison, which is with respect to the very seismic ground displacement itself. The large isolator displacement problem can be solved or attenuated by properly designing a tuned mass damper subsystem jointly with the isolation one.


Context: The radial variations of the stellar populations properties within passive galaxies at high redshift contain information about their assembly mechanisms, based on which galaxy formation and evolution scenarios may be distinguished. Aims: The aim of this work is to give constraints on massive galaxy formation scenarios through one of the first analyses of age and metallicity gradients of the stellar populations in a sample of passive galaxies at $z>1.6$ based on spectroscopic data from the Hubble Space Telescope. Methods: We combined G$141$ deep slitless spectroscopic data and F$160$W photometric data of the spectroscopically passive galaxies at $1.6<z<2.4$ with $H_{160}<22.0$ in the field of view of the cluster JKCS $041$. We extracted spectra from different zones of the galaxies, and we analysed them by fitting them with a library of synthetic templates of stellar population models to obtain estimates of the age and metallicity gradients. Results: We obtained reliable measurements of age and metallicity parameters in different spatial zones of $\text{four}$ galaxies. We performed spatially resolved measurements in individual high-redshift galaxies without the need of peculiar situations (i.e. gravitational lensing) for the first time. All four galaxies exhibit negative metallicity gradients. Their amplitude, similar to that measured in galaxies in the local Universe, suggests that the stellar populations of passive galaxies from $z \sim 2$ to $z = 0$ are not redistributed. Conclusions: Although the sample we analysed is small, the results we obtained suggest that the main mechanism that determines the spatial distribution of the stellar population properties within passive galaxies is constrained in the first $3$ Gyr of the Universe. This is consistent with the revised monolithic scenario.


The tensile strength of some high-purity (99.999%) metal filaments of exceedingly small size was measured by using a computer-controlled Instron Universal Testing Machine. The filament diameter varied from 10 μηι to a few tenths of a millimeter. The size effect of increasing tensile strength with decreasing diameter was clearly observed for most of the metals studied, although zinc showed some exceptions to the regular trend. A detailed study of dislocation dynamics could provide a possible theoretical explanation.


Abstract.
 Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a very rare disorder with 1- /100,000 population in the world. The incidence of this abnormality is still obscure in Indonesia. We report a case of ET, women of age 74 years old that came to Sanjiwani Hospital with gum bleeding. This case is confirmed based on WHO criteria of ET which are the increasing of thrombocyte of a number of increase >450 /µL3, proliferation of megakaryocyte cell on bone marrow biopsy, also not meeting any other WHO criteria for also not meeting any other WHO criteria for BCR-ABL1+CML, Polycythemia Vera, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, or other myeloid neoplasm diseases. Management of this case is based on risk adapted treatment algorithm considering three major risk factors for thrombosis (history of thrombosis, JAK2/MPL mutations, and advanced age). This case is categorized as high risk patient for thrombosis, so that treated with antiplatelet aggregation (aspilets) and anagrelide after hydroxyurea clinically unresponsive.


The utility model provides a conductive film and a touch panel. The conductive film comprises a base material, conductive layers, first extension lines and second extension lines, wherein the conductive layers are arranged on the base material and comprise first conductive patterns and second conductive patterns, and the first conductive patterns and the second conductive patterns are adjacent at intervals and are respectively meshes intersected by conductive wires. The first extension lines extend from the edges of the first conductive patterns to the second conductive patterns adjacent to the first conductive patterns, the second extension lines extend from the edges of the second conductive patterns to the first conductive patterns adjacent to the second conductive patterns, wherein the first extension lines and the second extension lines are ranked at intervals in a staggered mode, and part of the first extension lines and part of the second extension lines are mutually overlapped in a meshed mode. By the adoption of the conductive film and the touch panel, the cost of the conductive film is effectively reduced.


With the progress of science and technology the electromagnetic environment has become more and more complex,researches on intelligent electromagnetic protection materials have been paid much attention all over the world.In this paper,the research status of self-adaptive and self-repairing materials as well as bionics technology is reviewed,and the development trend of intelligent electromagnetic protection materials and technology is also presented.


The year 2000 looks to be a banner year for the transportation construction industry. Highways, which comprise 75% of the transportation construction market, should feel the impact of the increased federal funding under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21), while transit spending should also increase in line with the transit funding provisions of TEA-21. States received $1.5 billion of extra contract authority for Fiscal Year 2000 under the revenue-aligned budget authority provision of TEA-21, and that will make 2000 and especially 2001 even stronger than originally predicted. There may be a small hiccup in airport construction because of the temporary lapse of federal funding from the Airport Improvement Program.


We consider submanifolds of the quaternion projective space which are of Chentype 1 in the Euclidean space of quaternion-Hermitian matrices H(m+1) via the imbedding of which identifies a quaternion line with the projection operator onto it. The immersion vector of each of these submanifolds, which are equivalently characterized as being minimal in hyperspheres of H(m+1), is an eigenvector of the Laplacian when translated into a suitable center. We classify totally complex, quaternion CR and anti-CR subman ifolds of which have type 1. These include the largest stable geodesic hypersphere and minimal quaternion Lagrangian and anti-Lagrangian sybmanifolds. We also study 1-type submanifolds of the Cayley projective plane , characterizing a hypersurface of 1-type as the one that has two natural distributions. Such hypersurface is then shown to be a geodesic hypersphere of radius which too is maximal stable. As a byproduct of our study we obtain some new sharp upper bounds on λ₁.


The observation that suicides sometimes cluster in space and/or time has led to suggestions that these clusters are caused by the social learning of suicide-related behaviours, or ''copycat suicides''. Point clusters are clusters of suicides localised in both time and space, and have been attributed to direct social learning from nearby individuals. Mass clusters are clusters of suicides localised in time but not space, and have been attributed to the dissemination of information concerning celebrity suicides via the mass media. Here, agent-based simulations, in combination with scan statistic methods for detecting clusters of rare events, were used to clarify the social learning processes underlying point and mass clusters. It was found that social learning between neighbouring agents did generate point clusters as predicted, although this effect was partially mimicked by homophily (individuals preferentially assorting with similar others). The one-to-many transmission dynamics characterised by the mass media were shown to generate mass clusters, but only where social learning was weak, perhaps due to prestige bias (only copying prestigious celebrities) and similarity bias (only copying similar models) acting to reduce the subset of available models. These findings can help to clarify and formalise existing hypotheses and to guide future empirical work relating to real-life copycat suicides. Citation: Mesoudi A (2009) The Cultural Dynamics of Copycat Suicide. PLoS ONE 4(9): e7252. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007252 Editor: James Holland Jones, Stanford University, United States of America Received March 11, 2009; Accepted August 26, 2009; Published September 30, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Mesoudi et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The author has no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: email@example.com


Fuel tank is subjected to various dynamic condition s during running of the vehicle. While in the devel opment stage, various experiments are required to assure that the design qualifies under various d ynamic load cycles. These experiments include virtu al simulations and many types of physical tests. This work is an attempt to virtually simulate the f uel sloshing in the tank under dynamic loadings as per test setup. This paper demonstrates implementation of a powerful numerical analysis too l SPH, available in Altair Radioss for automotive f u l tank application. As the fuel is in the liquid state and this liquid mass affects the design of fuel tank due to its mot ion under various dynamic conditions, the sloshing belongs to a class of multi-physics problems. It becomes important to ensure structural integrity of fuel tank and effectively reduce noise levels c aused by fluid motion inside the fuel tank by designing baffles and separators to control the slo shing flow pattern. The Altair Radioss, SPH method is used to simulate the fluid motion and Fatigue evaluation is performe d to estimate the fatigue life of the tank. Introduction Sloshing refers to movement of the liquid (fuel) in side the structure which is also undergoing motion. The liquid must have a free surface to constitute a slosh dynamics problem, where the liquid can interact with the str uc ure (in this case fuel tank) to alter the system dynamics significant ly. Different types of dynamic environments are pos sible in an automobile normal running as well as during typical driving conditions such as panic breaking, pothole , sudden acceleration, corning etc. Sloshing is undesired because it produces noise, hi gh impact force on the tank walls and challenge of the low fuel handling. The presence of baf le dissipates the energy that is induced by th e fuel motions. Extensive mathematical and empirical relationships ave been developed to describe liquid slosh. Important examples include fuel tanks in automobile, propellant slosh in spacecraft & rockets. In cargo, slosh in ships a nd in trucks transporting liquids. Sloshing phenomenon is mainly observed in partially filled tanks (structure) and is more pronounced when vehicles experience sudden accelera tion or deceleration.


Abstract : The factors influencing the formation of octaisopropylocta-silsesquioxane have been investigated. This compound can be brominated by means of N-bromosuccinimide. Chemical evidence and n.m.r. spectroscopy show that bromination occurs in the alpha position of the isopropyl groups. Thin-layer chromatography provided a means of separating and identifying the individual components in brominated octaisopropyl T8 materials and column chromatography was used to isolate other oligomers. Some chemical reactions of the brominated derivatives and several investigations into the possibility of preparing a silazane "cage" compound are described.


This thesis deals with the analysis of formation and size of latency at wireless communication. In the theoretical part, basic principles of wireless networks and kinds of standards are described. Furthermore, the Fresnel zone and polarization is presented. In the practical part, there will be conducted a measurement of physical devices to detect to what level is the latency dependent on the size of send data and number of devices in the network.


Recent scholarship in the Human Resource Development (HRD) field considered how practice might respond to contemporary issues facing organizations, such as the emergence of the knowledge economy, and the need for lifelong learning and organizational flexibility. A similar set of challenges have pre-occupied European policymakers, with a notable debate on how to increase flexibility in Europe. The article reviews the theoretical debate on flexibility, and the related policy of "Flexicurity" that aspires to balance flexibility with employment security at the national level. The article argues that the challenges that both nations and organizations face should not be seen as mutually exclusive. Instead, it suggests that labor policy and workplace practice can be mutually enhancing and calls for a research agenda on "organizational Flexicurity." The article suggests that HRD scholars are best placed to advance such an agenda, as career development and learning lies at the heart of those issues.


Water demand management (WDM) is reconceptualized within a social innovation framework. This social innovation framework encourages new opportunities and investigations about the social capital necessary for successful WDM. Influential elements include the knowledge held by WDM practitioners and the social networks in which they are embedded. These two elements have been neglected in conventional WDM policy and research. A reconceptualization of WDM requires changes in how we use decision makers' tacit knowledge and in how we support social networks for information exchange. It also suggests new ways to overcome implementation barriers in the area of resource management and to improve program sustainability.


18047 Background: It seems that elderly lung cancer patients (p) respond better to combination chemotherapy than to single-agent therapy. Application of pharmacokinetic (pk) modelling to the routin...


In nuclei isolated from the rat liver and in sectioned specimens of egg cell nuclei of a slug, the volume and dry mass of both nucleus and nucleolus were measured individually following the aid of microinterferometry. There is close correlationship between the nuclear and nucleolar volumes, between the nuclear and nucleolar dry masses, and there is also a slight correlationship between the nuclear and nucleolar mass concentrations. It is suggested that a nuclear-nucleolar balance is formed within the nucleus in terms of quantity.


The small leaf symptom of peach was regional outbroken in north western part of Fujian province between 2003-2005. The typical symptom of diseased plants have small leaves, rosette leaves, atrophic flowers and no fruit. All the peach cultivals suffered from this disease. By means of graft transmission and nutritional diagnosis, the results showed that small leaf disease of peach can not infect by graft transmission; leaf nutritional diagnosis showed that B in diseased plants was ≤9.71 mg/kg, far below the limit of diagnosis of standard 20 mg/kg (significant at P≤0.0001). Considering the reproductive barrier symptom in diseased plants and curative effect of B, it has been proved to be a physiological disorder caused by severe B deficiency. The results of slide correlation between different period precipitation (from February to April in next year) and incidence of disease showed that extreme drought in peach growing seasons was the reason inducing the outbreak in the red soil region with subtropical monsoon climate where the B content in the soil was low (B ≤0.45 mg/kg); the reason caused the incidence of this disease was also due to not enough of rainfall in spring the same year. The results of the simulate drought examination showed that high temperature and drought did not knock down the validity of B in the same type of soil, this indicated that some unknown factors affect B absorbability in drought season. Based on the research the remedy measures of the disease are put forward.


Experiments on the dynamic performance of an air source heat pump(ASHP) unit with split fin-tube heat exchangers were conducted under frosting conditions.The frost thickness on the evaporator was measured with a microscope.The experimental results indicate that in the initial frosting stage,the growth rate of the frost thickness on the split fin-tube heat exchanger was much greater than that on the plane fin-tube heat exchanger,and thus the frosting duration shortened significantly.Under low air relative humidity conditions,there was a period during which the frost thickness on the split fin-tube evaporator was almost invariable,leading to a longer frosting duration.Unlike the ASHP unit with the plane fin-tube evaporator,the heating capacity and the coefficient of performance of the ASHP unit with the split fin-tube evaporator decreased significantly with the increase of the air relative humidity.


This article attempts to set some further groundwork for the study of codimension-one cycles of purely inseparable coverings of varieties in characteristic p. Thus it represents, hopefully, a preliminary effort. The simplest type of purely inseparable cover of a variety X with coordinate ring A in characteristic p ^ 0 is obtained by taking Y = Spec(^[^/g]) for some geA. Efforts to relate the codimension one cycles of X and F([8], [2]) led to the ring-theoretic question,


PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of singing by comparing the rhythm of music reproduced by an LD and the rhythm of the singing of a user inputted through a microphone especially and to match the rhythm of the music reproduced by the LD with the rhythm of the singing of the user in an LDP(laser disk player) provided with a KARAOKE (orchestration without lyrics) function. CONSTITUTION: This device is composed of a rhythm difference detection means 400 for detecting a time difference between audio synchronizing signals separated from a digital signal processing means 200 after being reproduced by the LD and the voice signals of the user inputted from the outside and a reproduction speed control means 500 for controlling the output speed of audio signals separated from the digital signal processing means after being reproduced by the LD by the time difference detected from the rhythm difference detection means 400 and outputting to the amplifier of a monitor.


In Broad Sense Self-psychology,the self is the core of personality,and the drive is subordinated to the self.The isolated drive is the product of self fragmentation,and anxiety is the fear of self-fragmentation.Additionally,the oedipal complex,castration anxiety and penis envy are the products of the oedipal self-fragmentation,which caused by the oedipal selfobjects' failure to use empathy to understand and satisfy individual's selfobject needs because of their own personality disorder.Structural neurosis in nature is a self disorder.Reinterpretation of the structural neurosis and the relevant concepts,including the classic psychoanalytic theory into its own theoretic framework are the important steps of that Broad Sense Self-psychology becomes a new psychoanalytic paradigm.


Abstract Recently, issues pertaining to surface disposal of coal-mine wastes, particularly environmental pollution, have been the focus of increasing national and international concern. Solid backfill mining (SBM) method provides environmentally, economically and technically acceptable solutions to these issues by, inter alia, significantly increasing waste-disposal capacities, improving resource recovery rates and reducing levels of ground deformation. In the current study, the physical and mechanical properties of waste rock obtained from seven different locations in China have been described and assessed. A previously developed theoretical solution has been fitted to the nonlinear stress–strain relationship, as derived from testing, resulting in a satisfactorily high level of correlation. Additionally, a basic method for simulation of solid material consolidation via dynamic parameter updates has been expounded and shown to be feasible. Results of the current study may prove extremely useful, particularly in mining applications, engineering design and prediction.


In institutions of higher education,the management of the textbooks in stock is one of the important parts of the overall textbook management,the former di- rectly affecting the latter.Consequetly,college management in charge of the textbooks should attach more importance to the management of the textbooks in stock so as to stablize teaching order and improve teaching quality.In light of the discussions on how to effectively avoid the backlog of textbooks,standardize the storehouse management and push the management modernization,the article establishes the principles for the man- agement of the textbooks in stock.


The objekt of this work was the detection
of genetic polymorphisms which impact the efficacy of gemcitabine
and cytarabine, two nucleoside analogues employed as cytostatic
drugs in treatment of cancer. As investigational material of this
study, isolated human leucocytes of 72 healthy donors and 54
lymphoblastoid cell lines were used and the variability of the
cytotoxicity of these two drugs was measured. The projekt aims to
contribute to the optimisation and individualisation of the
chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cytarabine.