Disclosed are a polyethylene resin composition for extrusion lamination coating which is applicable to a packing material and a paper container by having excellent heat resistance and adhesive strength and having an excellent balance of draw down properties and neck-in properties, and a molded article manufactured by using the polyethylene resin composition. The polyethylene resin composition of the present invention comprises: 70 to 90 wt% of a low density polyethylene polymer (A) having a melt index (190°C, 2.16 kg) of 5 to 10 g/10 min and a density of 0.915 to 0.924 g/cm^3; and 10 to 30 wt% of a high density polyethylene polymer (B) having a melt index (190°C, 2.16 kg) of 10 to 30 g/10 min and a density of 0.950 to 0.970 g/cm^3, wherein the low density polyethylene polymer is formed by primarily polymerizing raw materials in an autoclave reactor to obtain a primarily polymerized material and continuously injecting the primarily polymerized material into a tubular reactor, thereby additionally polymerizing the primarily polymerized material in the tubular reactor.


International trade often entails the transportation of goods from the country of origin through a country of transit before arriving at the country of destination. Recognizing the importance of the freedom of transit to international trade, the drafters of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1947 placed the disciplines on transit near the beginning of the agreement, following the fundamental disciplines on most-favoured nation treatment, tariff bindings and national treatment. However, despite the clear importance of transit in international trade, there have been relatively few cases in the GATT or the WTO in which Members have claimed a violation of Art. V of GATT. Art. V regulates the charges, regulations and formalities that a Member may impose on traffic in transit through its territory as well as a Member's treatment of goods that have been in transit through another WTO Member. Keywords: freedom of transit; GATT; WTO


From the rainforests that sequester large amounts of carbon ( 1 ), to the gut microbiota that help regulate digestion for the host, ( 2 ) ecological communities of all forms and sizes serve valuable functions. Although stable and diverse functions are more likely to be found in communities that are stable and diverse ( 3 ), it is unclear how exactly diversity and stability within communities influence each other ( 4 ). Studying this relationship in large-scale ecosystems, such as the rainforest, are often unfeasible because of practical limitations. On page 85 of this issue, Hu et al . ( 5 ) present observations of bacterial communities under highly controlled conditions. They found that diverse communities lose stability and this negative effect of diversity on stability is amplified when species in their communities interact strongly. If this applies to natural ecological communities of different scales, human activities that strengthen interactions between species may destabilize certain valuable ecological functions. There are two different aspects of stability in ecological communities: functional and compositional. Functional stability refers to the variation in the collective function of an ecological community upon environmental changes, and compositional stability refers to the variation in the population densities of community members over time. In the face of accelerating environmental changes, finding what determines the functional stability of communities has never been more relevant ( 3 ). Functional stability is positively correlated with diversity, i.e. more diverse communities should lead to functional stability. The intuitive explanation is that diverse communities are likely to contain multiple species that carry out similar functions but are affected differently by environmental change, so that the function of a disturbed species can be compensated by another species. ( 4 ) The relationship between compositional stability and diversity is less clear and depends heavily on how strongly species in communities interact. The "competitive exclusion principle" ( 6 ) predicts that the number of co-existing species in a community could not exceed the number of distinct limiting nutrients. However, species within a community can


The present invention provides a chip card holding means, which includes a main body and a cover, is provided with a receiving chamber on the body. The cover having a wall which includes a hinged end and a buckled ends opposite the hinge side, the lid body is rotatably hinged on the body and through its engagement end engaging on the body. The cover further comprises a resilient portion, which is provided on the hinged end of the top wall, the resilient holding portion elastically abuts on the body. The cover through which the resilient portion relatively slidably mounted on the body and elastically engaging on the body. The chip card holding apparatus of simple structure, easy to operate, easily achieve installation and removal of the chip card.


End-to-end delay measurement has been an essential element in the deployment of real-time services in networked systems. Traditional methods of delay measurement based on time domain analysis, however, are not efficient as the network scale and the complexity increase. We propose a novel theoretical framework to analyze the end-to-end delay distributions of networked systems from the frequency domain. We use a signal flow graph to model the delay distribution of a networked system and prove that the end-to-end delay distribution is indeed the inverse Laplace transform of the transfer function of the signal flow graph. Two efficient methods, Cramer's rule-based method and the Mason gain rule-based method, are adopted to obtain the transfer function. By analyzing the time responses of the transfer function, we obtain the end-to-end delay distribution. Based on our framework, we propose an efficient method using the dominant poles of the transfer function to work out the bottleneck links of the network. Moreover, we use the framework to study the network protocol performance. Theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


March 19, 2009 [Please note: Images may have been removed from this document. Page numbers have been added.] Usama Bin Ladin Calls on Somalis To Continue Jihad Against 'International Crusade' On 19 March, a forum participant posted to a jihadist website several links to a 11-min 25-sec audio message by Al-Qa'ida leader Usama Bin Ladin, entitled "Fight On, Champions of Somalia" (Arabic title: Al-Nizal, al-Nizal... Ya Abtal al-Sumal). The audio message is produced by the AlSahab Establishment for Media Production, the media arm of Al-Qa'ida. The audio message has English subtitles, and shows a still image of Bin Ladin and a map of the Horn of Africa in the background. In the audio message, Bin Ladin urges Somalis to continue their fighting against "the international Crusade," and to work to topple Somali President Shaykh Sharif. He also calls on Muslim nation to resist "Zionist/Crusader coalition." The posting has several links in different qualities to the audio message, as well as links to Arabic and English subtitles of the message. The following is the text of the website posting, and of the audio message in English as provided by the website. The English-language version and subtitles have been compared to the Arabic and found to be identical. "In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate "Al-Sahab Establishment for Media Production "Presents: "Fight On, Champions of Somalia" (Arabic title: Al-Nizal, al-Nizal... Ya Abtal al-Sumal). "By Mujahid Shaykh Usama Bin Ladin, may God protect him. (Links to the audio audiotape are provided here) "Do not forget us in your supplications "Your brothers at Al-Sahab Establishment for Media Production "Source: Al-Fajr Media Center" A transcription of the English version, as received, follows: "As-Sahab Media "All praise is due to Allah. We praise Him and seek His aid and forgiveness, and we seek refuge in Allah from the evil in ourselves and from our bad deeds. He whom Allah guides cannot be led astray and he who is led astray cannot be guided. I bear witness that there is no god other than Allah alone without partners, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger. "As for what comes after:


Auroral TV observations at Loparskaya, Kola Peninsula, and CRRES energetic electron and proton measurements during a moderate isolated substorm at 2000–2100 UT on February 13, 1991, are compared. The CRRES was at the apogee of orbit 494 in the outer radiation belt near the magnetic equator. CRRES footprint projection estimated by using a Tsyganenko magnetic field model was situated at the same latitudes several degrees eastward of active aurora during the substorm breakup or the intensification. The intensification consists of several activations of 1-min duration, and this fine spatial and temporal structure is important for the conjugacy investigations. It is shown that injected energetic electrons have been accelerated at the same time as one of the auroral activations at the same latitude and approximately the same azimuthal extended region. The lack of enhanced electrons during other activations suggests that the acceleration region has a sharp equatorial boundary.


IN a general review of the Budget schemes last week wve mentioned the different projects put forward by the Chlancellor of the Exchequer in connexion with medical and health matters. It is manifestly desirable that medical men should examine and consider them carefully and without delay, for we believe that any advice and practical suggestions they may have to offer will be welcomed and will receive careful attention. It is proposed, therefore, to discuss the matters raised in detail in this and in forthcoming issues. They were only mentioned in outline in the Chancellor's statement, and, of course, much will depend upon the details of the schemes which are proposed. One of the schemes of the most immediate and direct interest was that indicated by the grant proposed to be made for the establishment of a service of referees and consultants and practitioners' clinics under the Insurance Act. It is evidently in tended not to stop short at a service of referees suclh as is called for in connexion with questionable claims upon the sick fund. This decision is, we believe, wise, foir e cannot escape the coniclusion that, after


Dataflow analysis techniques are suitable for the temporal analysis of real-time stream processing applications. However, the applicability of these models is currently limited to systems with starvation-free schedulers, such as Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) schedulers. Removal of this limitation would broaden the application domain of dataflow analysis techniques significantly.
 In this paper we present a temporal analysis technique for Homogeneous Synchronous Dataflow (HSDF) graphs, that is also applicable for systems with non-starvation-free schedulers. Unlike existing dataflow analysis techniques, the proposed analysis technique makes use of an enabling-jitter characterization and iterative fixed-point computation.
 The presented approach is applicable for arbitrary (cyclic) graph topologies. Buffer capacity constraints are taken into account during the analysis and sufficient buffer capacities can be determined afterwards. The approach presented in this paper is the first approach that considers non-starvation-free schedulers in combination with arbitrary HSDF graphs
 The proposed dataflow analysis technique is implemented in a tool. This tool is used to evaluate the analysis technique using examples that illustrate some important differences with other temporal analysis methods. The case-study discusses how the method presented in this paper can be used to solve a problem with the inaccuracy of the temporal analysis results of a real-time stream processing system. This stream processing system consists of an FM receiver together with a DAB receiver application which both share a Digital Signal Processor (DSP).


With a conceptual introduction to temperature and moisture profile estimation through remote measurements from satellite-based sensors, the radiative transfer equaJion of the measurement process together with the inherent problem in its analytical solution is discussed. With the description of current sensipg systems on-board NOAA satellites, the reasons for the synergistic use of 4.3, 15 micron and 5 mm absorption bands for tel;I1perature profile estimation are discussed. With the discussions on currently practised statistical, physical, simultaneous and 31 retrieval methods, and on the critical aspects of cloud effects, an account of intercomparisons for statistical, physical (iterative) and simultaneous retrieval methods, is presented. Current trends of using pattern recognition techniques for selecting initial guess profile, 1.1 Ian spatial resolution data in identifying partly cloudy measurement of 17.4 km resolution sounder observation, and forthcoming totally microwave sensors have been discussed.


Linear free energy relationship between benzoyl and acetyl ion intensities in mass spectra of benzo- and acetophenones explained by kinetic argument


The characteristics of the gas transportation system of Ukraine are presented, the emergency risks of domestic gas transportation pipeline systems are established. The analysis of the accident rate of gas pipeline transport in Ukraine and Russia was carried out. Presented technique of determining the emergency pressure in the pipeline, depending on the amount of gas losses from pipeline at the point of its leakage provides an opportunity to determine the volume of gas losses from the pipeline and to evaluate the environmental risks due to emergency situations of gas pipeline transport. This technique makes it possible to calculate the pressure at each point of pipeline under nonstationary conditions caused by changes in pressure at the beginning and at the end of the sector and the emergence of concentrated gas leakage.
Based on the results of calculations, a graph of pressure change of the oscillatory process in the gas pipeline caused by jump of pressures at the beginning and at the end of the sector, and the presence of probable leakages at the determined point of the trace was constructed. The linear part of the main gas pipelines is the most dangerous object, as all emergency situations are associated with emergency processes of different intensity in the form of gas leakage into the environment and in fact are dangerous when system failures appear. The process and the time period for the formation of the gas pollution zone depend on the amount of gas leakage, its intensity and depth of the gas pipeline.
The filtration resistance of the soil as a porous medium, in particular its permeability, have a significant effect on the amount of gas leakage through corrosive orifice. As a result, there is a correlation between the amount of gas losses associated with the leakage, and the laws of its filtration in the surrounding soil.
As a result, the effect of gas filtration process in the soil in the event of leakage from pipelines has been investigated. The graphic dependence of change in pressure of the filtration resistance of the medium and the time-changing leakage which are designed for different soil characteristics is obtained.


The invention provides a mobile phone that can control automobiles, which is connected with an automobile control unit by a data wire. The invention comprises a driving signal transformer module used for receiving the input of the keystroke of the mobile phone and transforming the input into the control signal used by an automobile control processing unit; and a driving signal sending module used for sending the control signal of the driving signal transformer module to the automobile control processing unit. The mobile phone that can control automobiles provided by the invention can be connected with the automobile processing control unit by the data wire; various operations of car driving can be carried out by the mobile phone keystroke and the real-time driving condition of the automobile can be displayed by a camera and a screen of the mobile phone, thereby greatly facilitating the application of the user having both a mobile phone and an automobile.


In coordinate‐transformation‐based approaches to electromagnetic concealment ("cloaking") of objects, use of higher‐order (quadratic) mappings has been proposed as an effective device to obtain satisfactory responses without the use of magnetic materials that are complicated to synthesize at optical frequencies. In this article, we explore a new higher‐order algebraic transformation, which allows, in principle, for a broader range of applicability and further parametric optimization. Via full‐wave numerical studies of near‐ and far‐field observables, we assess its performance by comparison with various reference cases (nonreduced parameters, quadratic transformation, no cloak). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 3186–3190, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23905


We report on the development and performance of a very compact GaAs Power Amplifier MMIC for E-band communication systems. With a remarkably small chip size of only 3.7 mm2, this amplifier achieves a measured small signal gain of 26 dB over the 71-76 GHz PtP band, with +28 dBm output power at 1-dB gain compression (P1dB), and over 1 Watt output power in saturation (Psat) and up to 28-% PAE. This power and gain performance outperforms previously reported results for PAs operating in the 71 to 86 GHz span of the ETSI E bands for any semiconductor system. To the author's knowledge these results also represent the highest output power levels and power density per gate periphery and chip area ever achieved for any GaAs MMICs at these frequencies (i.e. 500 to 850 mW/mm). This record measured performance also competes favorably well with millimeter-wave PA MMICs realized in GaN technologies.


Lifetime estimates of a magneto-optical disk which uses GdTbFe as the magnetic layer, AlN as dielectric layers, and Al as the reflective layer, were discussed. In order to study the aging characteristics, accelerated aging tests were performed by changing the ambient temperature (between 20 and 100°C in air). In addition to the coercivity, the recording sensitivity, which was evaluated with the recorded bit length, was chosen as the basis for quantitative estimates of the lifetime. As the aging time grew longer, the recording sensitivity tended to decrease. The higher the aging temperature, the larger was the rate of decrease. Using the Arrhenius method, it was estimated that magneto-optical disks with the quadri-layer structure described have an expected lifetime of about 18 years, sufficient for optical data storage applications.


Abstract. Napaldet JT, Buot JR IE. 2019. Diversity of aquatic macrophytes in Balili River, La Trinidad, Benguet, Philippines as potential phytoremediators. Biodiversitas 20: 1048-1054.  Phytoremediation, an emerging, low-cost, aesthetically pleasing technology, is now being eyed for restoration of Balili River, Philippines. But first, there is a need to identify plants ideal for its phytoremediation. Macrophytes in the main stream, Bolo Creek and Mamaga Creek of Balili River were inventoried in this study with focus on determining macrophytes that were local, dominant (=fast growing), have high biomass and deep root systems – traits ideal for phytoremediation. A total of 38 species of macrophytes under 37 genera and 19 families were inventoried. This number is much higher than the previous inventory which recorded only 9 species. Consequently, diversity indices recorded in this study is much higher. The difference could be attributed to the time of sampling wherein the previous inventory was done in July, a rainy month, in contrast with this in April, the summer month at which the river is at its lowest level. At this period, much of the littoral zone is exposed for colonization of plants known to be easily dispersed and germinate such as Asteraceae species. In terms of species richness, family Asteraceae was the most represented with 11 species but in terms of dominance, the story was different. Dominant macrophytes of Balili River were species of family Poaceae (Pennisetum purpureum, Eleusine indica and Cynodon dactylon), Amaranthaceae (Amaranthus spinosus and Alternanthera sessilis), Solanaceae (Solanum americanum) and Commelinaceae (Commelina diffusa). Local macrophytes with potential for phytoremediation were P. purpureum, E. indica, A. spinosus and S. americanum.


Land-use change  into field becomes main problems namely  soil fertility degradation, erosion, flood, drought, not to mention global environment changes. Agroforestry is one of the land management system that could be used as an alternative to overcome the problems that arise due to land-use change  as well as  to overcome the food problem. The purpose of this study were to determine the social forest plant species on Kelungu village of Kotaagung sub-district , Tanggamus Regency  Knowing the plants maintenance activities on social forests in Kelungu village of Kotaagung sub-district, Tanggamus Regency.  This research was conducted from  September to October 2015 that was located in social forest areas of Kelungu village, Kotaagung Sub-district, Tanggamus Regency. The analysis that used was the density. The results showed that about 22 species founded, with the highest density of cacao (Cacao theobrema) about 529.17 individuals/ha. the highest density of trees phase is durian (Durio zibethinus) about 73.61 individuals/ha. Maintenance activities carried out by the farmers in the Kelungu Village were fertilizing, replanting, soil loosening, weeding, branches and buds prunning, thinning, pest and disease control. From 36 farmers  has  done much treatment, there were 60% fertilizing, 77% replanting, 77% loosening, 100% do weeding, 93% branches prunning, 83% bud prunning, 7% thinning, and 57% pest and disease control treatments.


The need for voice security in Land Mobile Radio communications is addressed, followed by a discussion of the thinking and engineering behind Motorola's development of a digital voice scrambler, the Digital Voice Protection (DVP) System. The radio hardware developed for the scrambler system is also described. Key technological advancements in realizing the DVP System were in the areas of large-scale integration (LSI)/hybrid technology and binary digital voice processing techniques. The DVP System utilizes 12,000 bit/sec. Continuously Variable Slope Delta modulation, a proprietary custom LSI CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) encryption device, and binary frequency shift keying for coded mode radio frequency transmission modulation.


The complicated deformation effects in bi-layer beams are then decomposed to three types of basic deformation effects including uniaxial tension-compression effect induced by shrinkage deformation in bottom layered beam regardless of bi-layer beams' bending effect,bending effect caused by horizontal interlayer friction neglecting uniaxial tension-compression deformation in bottom layered beam,and bending effect created by curling deformation in bottom layered beam,the analytical solutions to the above three basic deformation effects in bi-layer beams are obtained accordingly.Furthermore,the combinations and influences among those three basic deformations while shrinkage and curling deformation occurs in bottom layered beam are discussed;a group of concise formulas for sectional internal forces in asphalt overlay,interface reaction force and interface shearing stress is provided,and the concise formulas for calculating internal forces in asphalt overlay also prove to be precise enough.


70%. The patient did well under general anesthesia and underwent the tracheostomy procedure without difficulty. The patient was induced with sevoflurane and easily intubated with a 3.0 mm tracheal tube. He was stable during the entire procedure and postoperatively was transferred back to the NICU and mechanically ventilated for respiratory support. David Boswell James Mayhew Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA (email: firstname.lastname@example.com)


Eximin, obtained from the leaves of Protea eximia(Salisb. ex Knight) Fourcade is shown to be 6-O-benzoylarbutin, and the synthesis of its tetra-acetate from arbutin is described. A synthesis of aryl glucoside esters by glucoside formation between tetra-O-acyl-1-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromides and phenols is shown to succeed only with phenols carrying electron-withdrawing substituents. Under the same conditions phenols with electrondonating substituents promote elimination reactions leading to the corresponding glucals.


Examining China's modernity is tightly interwoven with the hermeneutic problem, and this interpretative 'act' becomes no different from meta-analysis on existing discourse. This presupposes that rarely no cultural study can bypass the subject of language. On the basis of this theoretical assumption, my research will focus on the following two issues: 1) closely scrutinizing the reason why 'language' becomes the pivotal issue in terms of verifying the significance of China's modernity; 2) revealing the very fact that previous discourse of modernity had 'already' been linguistically constructed. The ultimate objective of this study, however, is establish alternative cognitive paradigm for the reconsideration of modernity issue in China. Various experimental inquiries will be raised to reinforcing this theoretical stance.


— The industrial scenario demonstrates a production dispute not only with other companies competing in the market, but competition within the organization in order to demonstrate excellence in the production process. Establishing a correct manufacturing goal will aid in production planning, determine concise objectives with actual plant capability, and ensure that outliers are identified in advance for the correct solution and application of efforts to improve the process. These steps will ensure the correct evaluation of the plant before other business units, as well as stipulation measures that are adopted so as not to impair the real perception of the process and to consider the indicators without any margins of disagreement. The production to be studied comes from the work of packaging plastic components performed by a machine divided into two stages of operation, first manual and manufactured and then automated packaging. The production data is improved by shifts of eight hours through those used and subsequently entered into the company's database. In these, statistical tools will be used, helping to better compose the data, where a qualified sample is sought for the


In our opinion, the most important criteria in the selection of a bariatric procedure remain the safety and efficacy in achieving both weight loss and remission of the metabolic consequences of obesity. Despite the intrinsic limitation imposed by a retrospective study, our results seem to confirm that LMGB is both safe and effective for the treatment of morbidly obese diabetic patients. Laparoscopic SASI bypass has been shown to be an effective, safe, and simple procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity and its associated metabolic consequences. Moreover, it results in minimal postoperative nutritional complications in comparison to other bariatric procedures. However, long-term follow-up period should be performed to evaluate postoperative weight loss, metabolic changes, and nutritional status of patients.

 To compare Laparoscopic Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) Bypass with Minigastric bypass (MGB/OAGB) in controlling type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in morbidly obese patients.

 This study is a retrospective comparative study in which morbidly obese Patients with type 2 DM who underwent either Mini-gastric bypass or Single Anastomosis Sleeve Ileal (SASI) bypass with available preoperative Fasting blood Glucose, Hemoglobin A1c& serum cpeptide (As predictive measures for remission of diabetes after surgery) was collected & their data and results was compared to this1,3, 6 & 12 months postoperatively.

 As regard glycemic and lipid profile pre and postoperative mean values in MGB group, the present study showed that there were significant differences between before and after surgery as regard FBG, HbA1C, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass (MGB) is a technically simple and safe procedure in SSO patients. LMGB has the advantages of being a single stage procedure, being easily reversible and revisable in a laparoscopic procedure and does not sacrifice portions of the stomach or implant foreign materials. SASI bypass is a promising operation that offers excellent weight loss and metabolic result. The elimination of two ways for passage of food and one anastomosis decrease nutritional deficiency and the possibility of surgically related complications.

 Metabolic surgery is a safe option for carefully selected patients with metabolic syndrome. The increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease demands therapeutic attention for those at high risk. Our study suggests that both SASI and MGB are highly effective in controlling Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia.


From the Publisher:
This timely, concise report explains total quality control, its adaptation from manufacturing and its application to information services including operations, systems development and end-user computing. Case studies by IS executives examine Texas Instruments' total quality culture, Motorola's Six Steps to Six Sigma and Federal Express' focus on systems availability.


This paper examines the structural and institutional factors that preclude the ''risk prevention'' and rehabilitation strategies of the best-known victims of displacement, refugees. Though restrictive refugee policies are increasingly becoming common worldwide (Frelick 2001, GoodwinGill 1999), drawing on the experiences of refugees in many developing countries, I argue that refugee status rarely leads to acquisition of nationality or denizenship, and rights and sources of livelihoods basic to warding off poverty are accessible only to nationals. Not belonging to a spatially bounded community or geo-political entity is the single most important factor preventing formulation and implementation of long-term development programmes that enable refugees to recoup the losses they incur in connection with displacement and to construct sustainable livelihoods in countries of asylum. Refugees are people who flee their homes against their will because they fear for their lives. When refugees flee, they incur immense losses in life-sustaining resources, including social support networks, neighbours, friends, relatives, cultivable and grazing lands, livestock, jobs, houses, and access to common property resources such as forest produce, surface water, wild fruits, roots, and wildlife. In most rural societies, there is a strong sense of close interdependence between individuals, or their descent group, and the land with which that group is traditionally associated. In some of these communities land is neither divisible nor alienable – it is held in perpetuity. In such societies, land is the centre-piece of cultural systems, and its meaning incorporates people, traditions, customs, values, beliefs, institutions, soil, vegetation, water, and animals. Land and/ or house possession in one's place of origin is seen not only as a wealth-creating and livelihood-sustaining resource, but also as the basis of status and identity. In such societies, belonging to a particular place is necessary for being rooted and therefore for acquiring land.


This study describes the results of an application of control engineering methodology to the problems of regulating fisheries. By employing a wellknown lyapunov approach, we develop a technique for designing a state feedback control law which stabilizes the system. The continuous agestructured model is considered. The fishing effort is taken as a control term the age classes as a states and the total caught as a measured output. we interest in the design of a fishing strategy by constructing a linear feedback control lawwhich can be extended to an output static feedback that permits to stabilize the studied systemaround a nontrivial steady state.Asufficient condition for stabilization via Lyapunov function is given. Numerical examples are indicated.


We perform two-dimensional magnetodydrodynamic simulations of the flux emergence from the solar convection zone to the corona. The flux sheet is initially located moderately deep in the adiabatically stratified convection zone (−20,000 km) and is perturbed to trigger the Parker instability. The flux rises through the solar interior due to the magnetic buoyancy, but suffers a gradual deceleration and a flattening in the middle of the way to the surface since the plasma piled on the emerging loop cannot pass through the convectively stable photosphere. As the magnetic pressure gradient enhances, the flux becomes locally unstable to the Parker instability so that the further evolution to the corona occurs. The second-step nonlinear emergence is well described by the expansion law by Shibata et al. To investigate the condition for this "two-step emergence" model, we vary the initial field strength and the total flux. When the initial field is too strong, the flux exhibits the emergence to the corona without a deceleration at the surface and reveals an unrealistically strong flux density at each footpoint of the coronal loop, while the flux either fragments within the convection zone or cannot pass through the surface when the initial field is too weak. The condition for the "two-step emergence" is found to be 1021–1022 Mx with 104 G at z = −20,000 km. We present some discussions in connection with recent observations and the results of the thin-flux-tube model.


Applying the right planting distance and mulch type in field cultivation is one of the efforts made to increase the yield of long bean seeds. This study aims to determine the interaction of planting distance and mulch type on the growth and production of long bean seeds. This research was conducted from September to December 2022 in the rice fields of Puring Village, Patrang District, Jember. The study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 2 factors with 3 replications. The first factor was the planting distance of 30 cm x 30 cm (J1), 30 cm x 40 cm (J2), and 35 cm x 60 cm (J3). The second factor was the type of mulch: no mulch (M0), rice straw mulch (M1), and black and silver mulch (M2). Data were analyzed using Anova and if it showed significantly different, it would be followed by DMRT test at 5% level. The results showed that the interaction between 30 cm x 40 cm spacing (J2) and rice straw mulch (M1) gave the best value for plant length 7 days after planting (13.91 cm), pod length (66.83 cm), number of seeds per pod (16.80 grains), and dry seed weight per pod (2.63 gr).


A critical examination of sum rules derived previously by Austern and Vincent (post form) and by Udagawa and Tamura (prior form) demonstrates that agreement between the two approaches is obtained if certain approximations implicit in the Udagawa-Tamura prior-form derivation are avoided. We examine the relation of the two approaches to singularities of the post-form distorted wave Born approximation matrix element and to the procedures for reduction of a many-body theory by use of effective operators in a model space. The two-step heuristic model is seen to be invalid for prior-form inelastic breakup; it is necessary to take account of nuclear excitations during projectile breakup. Careful treatment of the non-Hermiticity of kinetic energy operators with respect to continuum wave functions is required.


For the last five years, the UK construction industry has been plagued with problems of market demand, sources of finance, escalating costs, and supplier saturation. One of the most affected strategic groups in this sector has been architectural service providers. Reports the findings of a study which has examined the role of marketing in these firms. The results suggest that firms are beginning to accept marketing as a legitimate management activity, but reveals, further, that some of the "trappings" of marketing prevail where certain firms have failed to address the more "substantive" elements of marketing. Argues that the commercial survival of architectural practices dictates that they address their marketing priorities, and respond with market‐driven strategies that will retain their customer base, while at the same time attracting new clients.


Abstract : The Air Force has recognized a growing need for an air refueling capability on Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) as these programs have developed. Such a capability will allow the UAVs to deploy into theater, extend their combat range and add to their persistence in the battle area. The Air Force Research Laboratory's (AFRL's) Human Effectiveness Directorate, Warfighter Interface Division, System Control Interface Branch's (AFRL/HECI) Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle - Operator/Vehicle Interface (UCAV-OVI) Laboratory has developed prototype control station interfaces for controlling multiple unmanned air vehicles during the air refueling phase of flight. A simulation evaluation was initiated to allow various subject matter experts (SMEs) the opportunity to review and comment upon the features and preliminary design concepts of these display interfaces. As a baseline evaluation, the intent was to collect subjective data and determine if there were any major flaws with the design. The SMEs provided excellent comments and suggestions and there were no major obstacles to completing the air refueling task.


In this paper we look backwards and sideways to ascertain elements that are likely to determine the future of cash as well as cashless payment systems. Our analysis begins in medieval Europe while examining how legal tender and fiat money was imposed on people during the primitive accumulation era (Marx, [1887] 2015). Primitive accumulation marks the transition to a market economy. Paper money played a central role in the transformation of socio-economic relations as part of the imposition of wage labour upon self-producing, self-sufficient and self-provisioning populations. But primitive accumulation has been conceived as more than just a period of transition that led to the development of capitalistic socio-economic relations, to encompass a set of forces that permanently reproduce accumulation and capital's existence (Bonefeld, 2001; Dalla Costa & Dalla Costa, 1995; De Angelis, 2001; Perelman, 2001). Following this broader conception of primitive accumulation, we trace practices in Fordism and post-Fordism to explain how the emergence of a cashless/checkless economy results not only technological change and a drive for cost efficiency within financial institutions, but also results from economic restructuring, labour de-skilling and general changes in the social and cultural landscape. We content that market forces as well as government policy have contributed to the diffusion and adoption of cashless means of payment, within an intensifying automation and mobilisation of daily life where digital money is likely to outpace cash. Furthermore, the transparency (or lack of) with which these decisions have taken place, indicates the extent to which the government and business elites value the right to information and freedom of choice. The move to a cashless/checkless economy thus epitomises how money is also subject to the freedom versus security debate that is fast becoming one of the quintessential quandaries of the 21st century.


The utility model discloses a folding type manual rotating movement device. The folding type manual rotating movement device comprises a long rod body and two handles, wherein the two handles are respectively positioned at two ends of the long rod body in a rotatable mode; one handle can be folded between a first position and a second position; the other handle can be folded between a third position and a fourth position; the first position is far away from the long rod body compared with the second position; the third position is far away from the long rod body compared with the fourth position; and therefore, when the two handles are respectively positioned at the first position and the third position, both hands of the user can respectively hold the two handles, so that the arms can rotate or swing towards a preset direction.


Africa is becoming a global player with the help of ICT vendors implementing their innovative technologies. This paper discusses how the smart deployment of often basic ICT technology has brought big benefits to some of its communities.


S ECTION 8(a)(3) of the National Labor Relations Act makes it an unfair labor practice for an employer "by discrimination in regard to hire or tenure of employment or any term or condition of employment to encourage or discourage membership in any labor organization."' The purpose of this section is "to allow employees to freely exercise their right to join unions, be good, bad, or indifferent members, or abstain from joining any union without imperiling their livelihood."2 In accord with this policy the Court has held that to "encourage or discourage membership" means also to encourage or discourage participation in union activities or fulfillment of union obligations.3 Since almost any employer response to union activity will have a tendency to encourage or discourage union membership, the development of rules governing application of section 8(a)(3) has necessarily involved an attempt to achieve a compromise between the employee's interest in freely choosing whether or not to engage in union activity and the employer's interest in running his business as he sees fit.4 Hence, the most sensible method of determining whether section 8(a)(3) applies in a given type of case is by balancing the importance of the employer's interest against the likely degree of encouragement or discouragement of union membership. This approach is widely employed, and there is considerable language in the opinions stressing its importance.5


Thirty four years ago,the rst case of Human Immunode ciency Virus was reported in Kenya.Since then,the virus has caused many deaths.It continues to be a threat to our economy considering its e ects on the active members of the society. There exists wide discrepancies in HIV rates across the country, and to prioritize interventions in the ght against HIV/AIDS, it is important to build sound models that help to identify determinants of HIV prevalence. This study was conducted with the aim of nding out the fueling factors of prevalence of HIV AIDS in Kenya. Data from The Kenya Aids Indicator Survey, 2012 was used .The data encompass male and female individuals of age groups of 15-64 years. Binary logistic regression model was used and socioeconomic and demographic factors that could have an impact on the prevalence of the disease causing virus were included in the analysis. Age and marital status had a signi cant e ect on HIV prevalence among female and male respondent's .The odds of being seropositive for HIV are higher in the age groups 15-24 and among married and divorced/widowed/separated individuals. Unexpectedly poverty was found to have an insigni cant impact on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS among male respondents. Unlike for male respondents, wealth status was revealed to have a signi cant impact on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS for female individuals. Similarly, signi cant e ects were found on the respondents, level of education, place of residence and gender. Odds of being HIV positive are signi cantly higher among urban dwellers and the female gender. Dissertations in Mathematics at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. ISSN 2410-1397: Research Report in Mathematics ©AMOS EUGENE KIPTUM, 2018 DISTRIBUTOR: School of Mathematics, University of Nairobi, Kenya


As the technologies of Additive Manufacturing increase in their commercial prominence, so too does the need to understand the implications for the supply chain which arise from their application. This paper focuses on the nature of flexibility in supply chains, and shows how Additive Manufacturing can affect the different types of flexibilities that can be achieved. Through a process of systematic combining we develop a framework with which to evaluate the contribution these technologies may make to supply chain flexibility, and through two case studies demonstrate the applicability of this proposal to different manufacturing scenarios.


The paper deals with observations of anisotropies and pitch angle distributions for 0.5 to 1.8 MeV protons and 7 to 17 MeV electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere. In the outer magnetosphere (L = 6), there is clear evidence for corotation of the proton flux. The pitch-angle distribution shows maximum flux perpendicular to the magnetic field ('pancake' distribution). Observed changes in the amplitude and shape of the pitch angle distributions suggest the existence of substantial temporal variations in the outer magnetosphere. From L = 6 to L = 4, the proton intensity decreased by more than two orders of magnitude, while the pitch angle distribution shifted to a 'dumbbell' form (maximum flux parallel to magnetic field).


Introduction 1. Personal Needs in This Life and after Death 2. Organization and Identities 3. Theologia and Mysteries: Myth, Allegory, and Platonism 4. The Extraordinary Experience Abbreviations Bibliography Notes Index of Greek Terms General Index


Blepharoptosis (ptosis) is defined as the abnormal drooping of the upper eyelid and is a feature of many conditions. It can be in isolated or syndromic form, bilateral or unilateral and congenital or acquired. Previously we have carried out linkage analysis on a family with dominantly inherited congenital bilateral isolated ptosis and found the condition to be linked to a region of approximately 20 megabases of chromosome Xq24-Xq27.1 with a cumulative LOD score of 5.89. We now describe further analysis using array comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH), fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), long range PCR and sequencing. This has enabled us to identify and characterise at the level of DNA sequence an insertional duplication and rearrangement involving chromosomes 1p21.3 and a small quasipalindromic sequence in Xq27.1, disruption of which has been associated with other phenotypes but which is cosegregating with X-linked congenital bilateral isolated ptosis in this family. This work highlights the significance of the small quasipalindromic sequence in genomic rearrangements involving Xq27.1 and the importance of comprehensive molecular and molecular cytogenetic investigations to fully characterise genomic structural complexity.


The rapid development of infrared armament system puts forward higher requirement to the infrared simulation system.As a key part of the infrared simulation system,the performance of suspend resistor array is very important.Suspend resistor produces infrared radiation by using resistor to heat up infrared micro-emitter and how to improve the radiation efficiency of suspend resistor array cells is one of the key technologies to improve the performance of suspend resistor.The resonant-cavity structure composed of Al as reflector resistance,air as medium layer and TiNx as absorbing layer resistance can enhance infrared radiation efficiency of the needed wave band remarkably,so that the performance of suspend resistor is enhanced.Resonant absorption structure provides an effective method for designing and manufacturing microbridge resistor arrary with less power consumption and larger array.


Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMD) is usually not only caused by 22q13.3 deletion but also pathogenic variants (mutations) of SHANK3 gene. PMD is characterized by global intellectual disability, severely delayed or absent speech, and features of autism spectrum disorder and susceptibility to psychotic behavior. Here, we describe a neurocognitive follow‐up and genetic etiology for two siblings with PMD.


Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is a B cell malignancy, highly curable in the modern era (1989–2004). It is the most common cancer in the 15–19 age range. In the United States, adolescents with de novo HL may be treated on either pediatric or adult protocols. To identify outcomes of adolescents with HL, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and statistical analysis of all treatment trials (N > 50 pts) published in the past 15 years. Trials were selected for their relevance to treatment and disease outcome in adolescents with the following search criteria: Hodgkins disease, therapy, treatment, adolescents (13–18 years), and adults (19–44 years). The search retrieved 120 randomized control trials and 57 Phase II trials. 117 trials were eliminated due to inappropriate histology, non-clinical endpoints, topic reviews or otherwise not meeting established criteria. 79 studies were eligible for analysis. 15 pediatric treatment protocols (13 multi-center, 7 randomized) met established criteria. 7 identified the number of adolescents on trial (N=958/2675; 36%). Only 3 of these studies evaluated adolescent outcome; one trial demonstrated an inferior event-free survival for the adolescent subgroup vs. all children (72.0% vs. 89.0%; p-value 0.006, Chi Square Test). 57 adult treatment studies (39 multi-center, 44 randomized) were reviewed. 7 identified the number of adolescents on trial (N=422/2522; 17%). Only one provided information on adolescent outcome, which experienced a superior overall survival compared with the entire population (86.0% vs. 73.1%; p-value 0.030, Chi Square Test). None of the trials with both pediatric and adult subjects (7 multi-center, 4 randomized) provided information on the adolescent subgroup. In comparing pediatric and adult trials, we found remarkable differences in therapeutic approaches (all pediatric studies included XRT as a treatment component compared to 58% of adult studies) and in trial design (77% of adult studies were randomized compared to 47% of pediatric studies; p-value 0.0234, Fishers Exact Test). The adolescent population with HL is significantly understudied despite reasonable clinical trial participation and relatively high prevalence. In fact, only 4 published trials provided outcome information on adolescents with HL; in 2, outcome was statistically different from the rest of the study population, suggesting this subgroup may benefit from a specialized treatment approach. It is critical for future treatment trials to analyze results of the adolescent population to determine whether unique biological features, therapeutic practices, or host factors contribute to prognosis and outcome.


The design and operation of a microwave Fabry-Perot interferometer at wavelengths around 6 mm is described. This uses reflectors which are simple, easy to make, and which are capable of scaling for operation at short wavelengths in the ultramicrowave region. With power reflection coefficients around 0.999, very sharp fringes and Q values around 100,000 were obtained on the interferometer. Effects of diffraction in the interferometer are considered, and wavelength measurements with this particular interferometer indicate that accuracies of 0.04 per cent are obtained without any diffraction correction. Advantages of such an interferometer for ultramicrowaves are that the component parts are large compared with the wavelength, the effects of diffraction decrease with the wavelength, and the problem of maintaining a high Q with a single mode of propagation and a structure of adequate size is made much easier. Such an interferometer forms the cavity resonator for ultramicrowaves. It can thus be used for such conventional purposes as wavelength measurements, wavelength spectral analysis, dielectric constant, and loss measurements, or as the cavity resonator for frequency stabilization, or as the cavity resonator for a millimeter- or submillimeter-wavelength maser.


A hardware description and experimental results are reported from the initial STS flight carrying two Research Animal Holding Facility (RAHF) units. The flight was mainly intended for engineering check-out of the RAHF design. The system development and prelaunch preparations are briefly summarized, including the provisions of retrieval teams at alternate landing sites and extensive rehearsals to ensure timely data analysis. The flight revealed a problem with the containment of particulates from the RAHFs and the provision of adequate water for the monkeys. On-board films showed that one of the monkeys experienced motion sickness, from which he recovered after 5 days in space. Necropsy of the subject rats documented suppressed interferon production, loss of muscle mass, an up to 13 percent loss in bone mass (after a one week flight), and a 20 percent decrease in growth-inducing hormone. The volume of data collected is thought to exceed the combined data gathered on all previous U.S. space missions.


Corporate performance has been analyzed by using quarterly economic data between 1st Quarter of 2003 and 1st Quarter of 2011 shown in the listing companies of the Chinese medical biologicals after implementing the formulated strategy. Studies show competitive strategy influenced corporate performance to some extent brings about time-lag effect and differentiation strategy influenced corporate performance related Duration of Lag inferior to that of Lowcost strategy; at the same time, competitive strategy has a long-term effect on corporate performance, with differentiation strategy influenced Duration of Lag in corporate performance which is more longer than that of Lowcost strategy. Finally, from test results we can also conclude that it is more difficult for implementing differentiation strategy than for Lowcost strategy, even bringing about highly risks and there is little possibility to succeed after being implemented. Key words: Differentiation strategy; Lowcost strategy; Coporate performance; Time-Lag effect


The effects of various alloying elements on the mechanical properties of stable austenitic stainless steel have been investigated in order to soften it. Results obtained are as follows: (1 ) Experimental equations are proposed, which give the hardness (HV), 0.20/o Proof stress (CFO2) and tensile strength (aB) as functions of the chemical composition. (2) Reduction of C, N, Si. Cr and Moand addition of Ni, Cu and Mnare effective to decrease the hardness, 0.20/0 Proof stress and tensile strength. (3) (TO 2 is increased by the addition of alloying elements which cause lattice strains, i.e., C. Nand Mo. The larger the lattice strain, the larger the increase in ao 2• 0.20/o Proof stress is decreased by the addition of Ni, Cu and Mn, which increase the stacking fault energy (SFE), although these elements cause slight lattice strains. Addition of Si, which reduces SFE, increases OFO2(4) The dislocation structures are essentially cell-structures, except for N-addedsteels. The cell size is varied with alloying elements through the change in SFE. (5) The work hardening rate is reduced by Ni, Cuand Mn, which have been reported to increase SFE and hence are considered to activate cross-slip. Onthe other hand, a SFE-reducing element, Si, increases the work hardening rate. The addition of N, another SFE-reducing element, however, decreases work hardening rate. This **ffect mayresult from the ditficulty in forming the cell-structure in the N-addedsteel in contrast with the Si-added steel.


A growing number of organizations are using social media in an attempt to create
improved relationships with their customers. The purpose of this bachelor thesis is
to examine Twitter as a channel for relationship growth and improvement. Using case study as the methodological approach, the communication that takes place on SJ:s Twitter account is analyzed and put into a scientific context by comparing it with what has been argued in previous research. The thesis describes the application and impact of Twitter, as the channel is a place open for dialogue and emotionally based relationships, and it examines how SJ:s is working with this tool. This research suggests that there is a gap between expectations of the customer and the organization, since they have different views on the purpose of communication on Twitter, as well as their motives to communicate. This illustrates that the relationship-building benefits that the Twitter channel brings doesn't come without a cost, since customer engagement on Twitter involves risks and demands different to those that are found in traditional media. Organizations must be prepared to use a different kind of language and improvise when they communicate with their customers.


Host tissue response to subcutaneously implanted native and acellular scaffolds (buffalo diaphragm) was carried out after cross-linking with 0.5% Glutaraldehyde (GA) and 0.5% Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDC). The uncross-linked native and acellular scaffolds were used as control. Macroscopic and microscopic histopathological observations were carried out. Host inflammatory responses was observed in the grafted scaffolds by hematoxylin and eosin staining and the sections were also subjected to Masson's Trichrome staining to observe the deposition of collagen in the grafted scaffolds. Extent of host reaction was more in the native scaffolds as compared to acellular scaffolds. Acellular scaffolds were found better then the cross-linked acellular scaffolds.However, HMDC crosslinked scaffolds were found better organized in comparison to GA crosslinked scaffolds. Masson's Trichrome staining showed reorganization of collagen at day 90 and subsidization of host inflammatory reaction as compared to 15, 30 and 60 days.


Shelf-lives of surfactant containing water SiO2 suspensions were investigated by observing the loss of foamability with time and by making various measurements on the compounds used. Main purposes were to discover the reason of the strong foamability decrease with time and to separate the gravity driven effects. These questions arose in the frame of FOCUS - Foam Casting and Utilisation in Space microgravity experiment preparations (ID: SURE AO-019/PECS 98045, EC contract no: RITA-CT-2006-026069). Foams were prepared using special foaming cartridges, by gas introduction after loading the suspension into the porous structure of the foam generator (FG). Freshly infiltrated FG-s showed superior foamabilities, but this feature was lost after a few days of storage. Several possible chemical or physical reasons were investigated experimentally, including the direction of storage position, composition change, storage temperature, etc. Investigation of gravity-driven sedimentation and creaming tendencies were also examined using dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. These effects found to have significant impact on foamability.


The studied Japanese flounders(Paralichthys olivaceus) were divided into two categories: thermal-tolerance stock and thermal-susceptible stock by exposing in heated water(32 ℃).Amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP) and microsatellite technology were employed to screen the molecular markers correlated to thermal-tolerance and analyze the genetic diversity of thermal-tolerance stock and thermal-susceptible stock of Japanese flounder.Eighty-one AFLP primer combinations and forty-two microsatellite primers were used to screen molecular markers correlated to thermal tolerance of Japanese flounder.AFLP and microsatellite loci which occurred in different genotype frequencies were analyzed using χ2-test to examine the correlation between the molecular markers and thermal tolerance in Japanese flounder.The results showed that the frequency of AFLP locus A3 was significantly higher in thermal-susceptible stock than that in thermal-tolerance stock,which indicated that this locus was negatively correlated with thermal tolerance,and the parameter of correlation was-0.453(P 0.01).Also,the frequencies of 4 AFLP loci were signicantly higher in thermal-tolerance stock than those in thermal-susceptible stock,which indicated that the 4 loci were correlated with thermal tolerance(P 0.01).Based on microsatellite analysis,the loci S1 and S2 amplified by Po25A and 205TUF showed to be negatively correlated with thermal tolerance,and the parameters of correlations were-0.408(P 0.01) and-0.398(P 0.01),respectively.In addition,the genetic diversity of thermal-tolerance stock and thermal-susceptible stock were analyzed using eight AFLP primer combinations and six microsatellite primers.The results showed high genetic variations in the two stocks,and the genetic diversity of the two stocks was comparable.The results of present study could be helpful for the selective breeding of heat-resistant flounders and provide reference basis for the stress resistance study of fish.


This study investigated the impact of various light qualities on the growth, photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin accumulation and associated gene expression in purple lettuce. The results showed that stem diameter, leaf number and dry mass of purple leaves lettuce increased significantly under white light plus red and blue light (WRB) plus 10 µmol·m−2·s−1 UV-A (SUV1), plus 20 µmol·m−2·s−1 UV-A (SUV2) and plus 30 µmol·m−2·s−1 UV-A (SUV3) treatments compared to white light plus red and blue light (WRB). Leaf expansion decreased with increasing UV-A doses, while fresh leaf mass was higher under SUV1 and SUV2 treatments. Photosynthesis parameters were improved under WRB, SUV1 and SUV2 treatments, with an increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) and a decrease in intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) under SUV3 treatment. Superoxide radical generation rate, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative conductivity increased significantly under SUV3 treatment. Anthocyanin content increased significantly with increasing doses of UV-A treatment, while related structural gene expression levels were upregulated more significantly by SUV2 and SUV3 treatments than WRB treatment. In summary, moderate UV-A supplementation can enhance the antioxidant system and promote anthocyanin accumulation in purple lettuce. Specifically, WRB plus 20 µmol·m−2·s−1 UV-A (SUV2) is recommended as an optimal light recipe for cultivating purple lettuce in protected horticulture.


This paper presents a concept of hydrogen production (H2P) from a dedicated offshore wind farm (OWF) and stored underground. A new model is introduced to assess the viability of a fixed-bottom OWF in a potential offshore wind pipeline in the Irish Sea, where all costs are projected in 2030. It explains the need to develop market opportunities for the vast offshore wind potential in Ireland, to ascertain both decarbonisation and energy security in multiple sectors, where dedicated HP-OWFs are potential drivers. It reviews hydrogen storage methods and shows artificial underground salt caverns suitable to store hydrogen at large scales and long- terms. The OWF consists of 16×6.33MW turbines and proton exchange membrane electrolysers. The net present values and discounted payback periods (DPBs) are calculated at offloading periods of 2, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, and in good agreement, where the DPBs are 7.8, 8.6, 10.0, 12.1 and 20.3 years, respectively. Both economic indicators show that the H2P-OWF is profitable with the hydrogen price at €5/kg but marginal at €3/kg. Offloading at shorter periods of 2-15 days is more profitable. A seven-day offloading period requiring 120 ton storage capacity and compatible to the future tankers is recommended.


The perceived value of online negative reviews is increasingly outweighing those of positive reviews. Negative information is treated as more diagnostic and persuasive than positive information of similar intensity (i.e. negativity bias). This raises regulatory challenges how to balance the effects of positive and negative reviews. Few studies have explored the effects of regulatory interventions that mobilize the power of negative reviews beyond detection and penalize fake reviews. This study examines a unique regulatory measure—pay-for-negative—in the context of a user-generated content platform. Specifically, we focus on whether the voluntary contributions of an online books platform can benefit from regulating negative reviews. Our findings suggest that when pay-for-negative regulation occurs, negative review valence has a surprisingly positive effect on voluntary contributions. Applying accessibility-diagnosticity theory, we conclude that pay-for-negative regulations lead to increases in voluntary contributions in both volume and likelihood as they increase the diagnosticity and awareness of negative reviews. < 0.01). For high popularity book-chapters, the relationship between negative review valence on voluntary contribution amount is insignificant (b = -2.44, p = 0.42). The results also show that the relationship between negative review valence and voluntary contribution likelihood is significantly positive for low popularity book-chapters (b = 2.84, p = 0.01 < 0.05), but not significant for medium (b = 3.59, p = 0.18) and high popularity book-chapters (b = -1.74, p = 0.29). These results support our hypothesis 2 that the positive effect of negative review valence on voluntary contribution will be stronger for relatively unpopular book-chapters.


Report presents tables and charts for the evaluation of profile drag from wake surveys at high supersonic speeds. Two methods of evaluation are presented: an exact method that can be used on a wake of any shape and a simple approximate method that can be used when the variation of total-pressure loss across the wave has a typical form.


Simple Summary Currently, bone defects, diseases, and injuries are common and global problems. These defects can be treated with several surgical methods and bone grafting, but these methods have limitations, including immune disorders, risk of infection, long-term recovery, movement problems, and high costs. A promising treatment option for bone replacement is the design and construction of scaffolds that mimic the properties of bone tissue and provide a suitable environment for cell and tissue growth. Achieving successful results in this method is dependent on the composition and structure of materials used as scaffolds. Bone is a composite consisting of a mineral fraction, mainly a combination of calcium phosphate, and an organic matrix. Here, we designed and produced a porous, non-toxic, and degradable scaffold made of alginate natural polymer and bioactive glass that contains strontium as well as the common elements of bioglasses—silica, calcium, sodium, and phosphorus. The scaffold is degraded at an optimized rate with the simultaneous proliferation and growth of cells, thus providing a suitable environment for the growth and development of new tissue and blood vessels. The outcomes of this study presented this scaffold as a functional structure to be used in treating bone defects and reconstructing damaged bone. Abstract The main aim of the current study is to fabricate an osteocompatible, bioactive, porous, and degradable bone tissue engineering scaffold. For this purpose, bioactive glasses (BGs) were chosen due to their similarity to bone's natural mineral composition, and the effect of replacing Ca ions with Sr on their properties were considered. First, strontium-containing BGs (Sr-BGs) were synthesized using the electrospinning technique and assembled by the sol–gel method, then they were incorporated into the alginate (Alg) matrix. Photographs of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the BG nanofibers have a diameter of 220 ± 36 nm, which was smaller than the precursor nanofibers (275 ± 66 nm). The scaffolds possess a porous internal microstructure (230–330 nm pore size) with interconnected pores. We demonstrated that the scaffolds could be degraded in the acetate sodium buffer and phosphate-buffered saline. The osteoactivity of the scaffolds was confirmed via visual inspection of the SEM illustrations after seven days of immersing them in the SBF solution. In vitro assessments disclosed that the produced Alg-based composites including Sr-BGs (Alg/Sr-BGs) are blood-compatible and biocompatible. Accumulating evidence shows that Alg/Sr-BG (5%, 10%, and 15%) hydrogels could be a promising scaffold for bone regeneration.


A new method of reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) tubular structures from cone-beam projections is proposed in this paper. Minimal path method is applied to detect 2D tubular structures in the cone-beam projections. The extracted 2D information are fused to design a weight function over the 3D volume so that minimal path method can be applied again to extract centerlines of 3D tubular structures. The validity of the proposed weight function relies on the sparsity of 3D images containing tubular structures. The procedure of estimating the radius of 3D tube from 2D projections is also described. The proposed method requires neither cone-beam reconstruction, nor tree matching, one of which is usually necessary in the existing reconstruction methods. The method is robust to small motions between different projections.


The utility model relates to a large visual field flat-field achromatic microscope objective which comprises an objective barrel, wherein the front end of the objective barrel is provided with an entrance pupil and the back end of the objective barrel is provided with an exit pupil. A meniscus thick lens, a double-convex single positive lens, a light diaphragm, a first double-glue lens, a second double-glue lens and a meniscus positive lens are arranged in sequence from the entrance pupil to the exit pupil along same central axial line in the lens cylinder, wherein a big distance is arranged between the first double-glue lens and the second double-glue lens which is provided with a back thick double-glue lens. The utility model has a big visual field, and the diameter of the image visual field reaches 25 mm. In addition, field curvature, spherical aberration, coma aberration, axial chromatic aberration and other aberrations are all corrected well.


Within the cognitive sciences, two taxonomies for classifying questions have been proposed (Graesser, Lang, & Horgan,1988; Lehnert, 1978). Both have neglected to include a category for comparison questions. We provide a definition of comparison questions and show how they related to the semantic categories of the two taxonomies. We present examples of comparison questions posed by auditors who are attempting to learn about a company during the initial stages of an audit. Comparison questions are particularly important to auditors because they uncover discrepencies and they focus the auditors' search for information. Auditors are concerned with diagnosing the financial health of a company on the basis of symptoms and financial indicators of the company's performance. These critical comparisons involve comparison in performance of a company over time and comparison between a company and industrial averages. The auditor's use of comparison questions is closely linked to the diagnostic process.


AT the meeting of the Academy on October 19, 1896, I gave an account of the geology of Block Island, prepared from investigations personally made during the summer of that year, together with all references to the subject on the part of others which I had been able to gather.' To this account I would respectfully refer, in order to avoid reiteration, for information regarding the general geologic conditions which prevail and the opinions which have been expressed in relation to them. Last summer I again visited the island, for the special purpose of


The residue removal rates of chlorothalonil,triadimefon and iprodione were studied by different washing methods.The best method for chlorothalonil was flushing because of its non-systemics and poor water-solubility.The soaking time affected the removal rate of triadimefon because of its systemics and good water-solubility.The removal rate of iprodione was lowest owing to its formulation of suspension concentrates.Comparing three fungicides,the rank of removal rate was triadimefon chlorothalonil iprodione.


The countryside urbanization is the necessary choice of countryside modernization. However,ecological problems had been aggravated which prevented social progress during this process.This paper point out these ecological problems and propose countermeasures.


This paper demonstrates the functionality of a power electronics based energy management system (EMS). An EMS can optimize the use of energy sources and energy storage systems in microgrids. It can provide an intelligent interface with the main grid when the microgrid is connected, and it makes the microgrid fault tolerant by providing power to critical loads when the main power source fails. The EMS presented in this paper is developed on a digitally controlled power electronics system which can act as a current source or a voltage source depending on the situation. The EMS functionality is demonstrated by modeling, simulations and experimental measurements.


Purpose – Taking into account the increasing prices of attending concerts and gigs and the decreasing prices and better sound quality of CDs and music in file‐computer format, is the future of music events threatened by music CDs? Are clients' perceptions about concerts and CDs very different? This study aims to answer these research questions by comparing important perceptions of concert attendees and CD buyers.Design/methodology/approach – An empirical study is conducted in two different contexts: CD buyers and concert attendees. In order to answer the research questions outlined the most appropriate statistical tool is the student's t‐test. The variables to compare do not have normal distributions; therefore, non‐parametric tests have been conducted to confirm the results. In addition, a discriminant analysis has been applied in order to assure that both consumers sub‐samples differ with regard to the variables used in the study.Findings – The future of music events is not threatened at all by music CD...


A novel method to adjust gain in CMOS infrared (IR) readout integrated circuit (ROIC) which is suitable for the application of small pixel size has been proposed in this paper. Current mirror is inserted in the pixel to adjust gain. Two comparators have been added outside of the pixel and provide the decision to select different gains. Adjustable gain makes the design of following signal process circuit easier and allows long integration time to increase SNR. With this method of automatic gain adjust, ROIC can deal with the current that varies from 40nA to 300nA, with the integration capacitor of 2pF and the integration time of 40/spl mu/s. An experimental 4/spl times/4-pixel ROIC has been designed and it will be fabricated with 0.5/spl mu/m DPDM n-well CMOS process.


A ubiquitous observation for finite-dimensional Nichols algebras is that as a graded algebra the Hilbert series factorizes into cyclotomic polynomials. For Nichols algebras of diagonal type (e.g., Borel parts of quantum groups), this is a consequence of the existence of a root system and a Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt (PBW) basis basis, but, for nondiagonal examples (e.g., Fomin–Kirillov algebras), this is an ongoing surprise. In this article, we discuss this phenomenon and observe that it continues to hold for the graded character of the involved group and for automorphisms. First, we discuss thoroughly the diagonal case. Then, we prove factorization for a large class of nondiagonal Nichols algebras obtained by the folding construction. We conclude empirically by listing all remaining examples, which were in size accessible to the computer algebra system GAP and find that again all graded characters factorize.


The article considers the issues related to the concept, the essence and purpose of forensic examination. The author states that when investigating violent crimes forensic medical examination of persons alive is the most problematic and frequentlyset expertise. The possibilities of forensic medical examinations of living persons are presented.


Green light on mammography, amber on tamoxifen

In covering controversies about breast cancer, the US media show bias in favour of screening, but are less enthusiastic about chemoprevention, a study has shown.

Researchers looked at how US newspapers and television covered two stories—one about the detection of breast cancer by mammography and the other about chemoprevention by tamoxifen—and found striking differences.

In January 1997 a National Institutes of Health consensus panel said that evidence did not support screening for women in their 40s and told women to decide for themselves whether or not to have the test. In March 1997, under political pressure, the National Cancer Institute changed course and recommended screening. …


Background: Hypotension remains the most common complication following spinal anesthesia in cesarean sections. Despite using various preventive measures, hypotension occurs in most cases; vasopressors are often required. The current study evaluated the safety and efficacy of prophylactic phenylephrine infusion in preventing spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in the Cesarean Section.
Materials and Methods: A total of 50 parturients aged 20-35 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade II, scheduled for elective cesarean sections were randomly allocated into one of the two groups. Group A (n=25) received intravenous prophylactic phenylephrine infusion at 100μg/min for 3min after spinal anesthesia using a syringe pump. Each minute, systolic arterial pressure (SAP) was measured, and infusion stopped if SAP > baseline and continued if less than or equal to baseline systolic arterial pressure. Intravenous phenylephrine bolus 100μg was given when SAP decreased to <80% of baseline. Group B (n=25) received only intravenous phenylephrine bolus 100μg when SAP decreased to <80% of baseline. After 1 minute of spinal anesthesia, Heart Rate (HR), SAP, and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded every minute until the baby's extraction. After the delivery of the baby, APGAR scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes were noted. Umbilical artery blood was sent for analysis of the pH. The total volumes of study solutions given up to the time of delivery of the baby were recorded.
Results: Phenylephrine infusion decreased the incidence and frequency of hypotension compared with control and the phenylephrine dose was much higher in the infusion group than in the control group (p=0.0001). None of the patients had any incidence of nausea or vomiting. There was no significant difference in umbilical artery blood pH and no reduction in the APGAR scores. HR was significantly slower in the infusion group compared with the control group.
Conclusion: A prophylactic infusion of phenylephrine100 μg/min in patients receiving spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery decreased the incidence of hypotension and without any deleterious neonatal outcome.


Long-term changes of the winter population of birds in the Barguzin Range western macroslope are analyzed (1984/1985 - 2014/2015). The bird population density in the mountain forest belt during 31 years of observations fluctuated from 92 to 490 individuals/sq.km. The positive trend is registered for 9 species, negative is recorded for 2 species. Meteorological parameters of winter do not significantly affect the abundance of most wintering species of birds. The availability of food is crucial for the formation and seasonal changes in the winter population of birds.


We prove that the laws of diffusion processes MonE associated with Dirichlet forms of type , where H,E are separable Hilbert spaces, are the weak limits of laws of finite dimensional diffusions. These are associated with the image Dirichlet forms obtained from under projections from {fontuse} onto finite dimensional subspaces in H As a by-product we obtain Hoelcler continuity of the sample paths as well as a new existence proof for the infinite dimensional diffusion M


This article analyzes the relation between the mass media, the Latino community and the elections in the United States, in the last electoral process for the presidency of that country.


Fraser fir (Abiesfraseri (Pursh) Poir.) seedlings were artificially infested with balsam woolly adelgid, Adelgespiceae (Ratz.), then subjected to drought-stress treatments. Infestation caused a distinct swelling in the main stem, caused by the accumulation of abnormal wood (i.e., "rotholz"). As expected, drought stress reduced diameter growth in the main stem. However, the reduction in wood increment caused by drought stress was relatively small for infested seedlings as compared with uninfested seedlings, owing to the production of rotholz. This implies that infested trees expend considerable energy and nutrients for the production of poorly functioning wood even during periods of stress. The implications of this research for interpreting patterns of tree mortality in the southern Appalachian Mountains are discussed.


A novel azo dye containing isoxazole ring and beta-diketone derivative (TIAD) and its two nickel (II) complexes (Ni (II)-ETIAD and Ni (II)-HTIAD) were synthesized in order to obtain a blue-violet light absorption and better thermal stability as a promising organic storage material for next generation of high density digital versatile disc-recordable (HD-DVD-R) systems that uses a high numerical aperture of 0.85 at 405 nm wavelength. Their structures were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis, MS, FT-IR, UV-Vis and magnetic data. Their solubility in 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (TFP) and absorption properties of thin film were measured. The difference of absorption maximum from the complexes to their ligands was discussed. In addition, the TG analysis of the complexes was also determined, and their thermal stability was evaluated. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


The purpose of the research – 1) establishment of classification and diagnostic characteristics of soils under different functional using of the city territory; 2) parameterization of the structure, composition and properties of anthropogenically transformed and anthropogenically created soils; 3) development of a classification scheme, taking into account its use in cadastral and economic grouping.
General scientific (systematic, analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistics) and traditional (soil-genetic, profile-morphological, laboratory-analytical and cartographic) research methods were used to study the genetic characteristics of soils of Odessa and their classification.
The ecological-profile-genetic classification of soils of urban areas, which combines profile-genetic and factor-ecological approaches, is proposed. Within the city there are natural, anthropogenically transformed and anthropogenically created soils. Soils during cadastral and economic grouping are united into two groups of transformed and technological soils of human settlements and other territories with anthropogenically transformed soil cover, are distinguished. According to cadastral and economic grouping, within Odessa the area of transformed soils is 11,915.6 ha, technological soils is 1922.5 ha.
The proposed scheme of soil classification of urban areas includes 2 supertype levels, 3 types and 13 subtypes of soils, which are divided according to their genetic profile and combined according to the characteristics of natural and anthropogenic factors of soil formation. For urban cadastre, organization, planning and implementation of land management, economic activity, a scheme of supplementing the list of agricultural soils of Ukraine with cadastral and economic grouping of soils of urban areas was proposed. The grouping of soils includes two associations: 1) transformed and 2) technological (artificially created) soils - a total of 14 cadastral and economic groups


Two experiments were conducted to investigate effects of processing on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of legumes and oilseeds for juvenile silver perch, Bidyanus bidyanus (∼49 g). The first experiment evaluated interactive effects of ingredients (lupins or field peas), processing (whole seed; hulls on or hulls off) and extrusion cooking (raw or extruded) on ADCs for juvenile silver perch (∼4 g fish−1). The second experiment was a three-fixed-factor anova designed to evaluate interactive effects of ingredients (soybean meal or canola meal), extrusion cooking (raw or extruded) and inclusion content (30% or 50% of the diet) on ADCs for juvenile silver perch (∼4 g fish−1). Lupin protein was more digestible than that of peas (ADC for crude protein 91% vs. 85% for peas) but the organic matter was less digestible (ADC for organic matter 50% vs. 67% for peas). Dehulling lupins significantly improved ADCs for all indices (dry matter, organic matter, energy and crude protein), but extrusion had no effect because lupins do not contain starch or heat-labile anti-nutrients. Conversely, for starch-rich peas that contain heat-labile trypsin inhibitors, both dehulling and extrusion significantly improved ADCs. Digestibility of soybean meal was much higher than that of canola meal. For soybean meal, neither processing, content nor their interaction affected digestibility but extrusion improved ADCs for dry matter, organic matter and energy but there was an interaction with content. Although higher overall, digestibility for these indices declined with increasing content for extruded product while there were only minor effects of inclusion for raw product. Benefits of extrusion were attributed to reductions in anti-nutrients, including phytic acid. For canola, there were no interactions between extrusion and content for any ADC. Increasing content reduced ADCs for crude protein, dry matter and organic matter but did not effect energy. Surprisingly, extrusion of canola also reduced digestibility for all ADCs. Dehulling improved both lupins and peas. Crude protein for all ingredients was well digested with ingredients ranked: lupins>soybean meal>peas>canola meal. Energy digestibility was best for soybean meal and worst for lupins. Extrusion greatly improved digestibility of peas and to a lesser extent soybean meal, gave no benefits to lupins and was detrimental for canola.


SUMMARY A new method of cluster analysis is described that groups coplanar points associated with different instants of time. An ornithological application illustrates the method.


The difficulty of peasant finance always restrict the development of rural economy,the main problem ascribes to the asymmetric information in rural credit markets.It is practical and feasible for government guarantee to solve the difficulties in peasant finance in our country.This paper thinks that it is important for government guarantee to solve the difficulties in peasant finance from the role of the internal mechanism.Government guarantee could alleviate the adverse selection and moral hazard effectively,and can increase rural credit supply.


The education as an effort which is conducted comprehensively and systematically, will enliven the studying environment and education process so that the student are actively developing their potency to have the spiritual power, personality, intelligence and self development. First, researcher found teorie-theories of experts, then making the conclusion of it, continued to communicate and eventually make the research based on new information. The education results in the analysis of education is all those of education adn facilitoes used in terms of education relation according to the policies of which have been estavlished to achieve seefesien education and the seefestive may, ehich includes the defenition of education in education, the importance of administration of education and purpose of the administration of education it can be concluded that education and education administration concept couldn't be separated on from another.


The increasing complexity of supply chains and the dynamic development of information technology result in the increased interest of the Multi-Echelon – Inventory – Management concept. Although the concept is well – known in the last decade worldwide, in Poland the concept is still not enough explored. This paper presents the supply chain from the perspective of Multi-Echelon – Inventory – Management concept realization. The basis for the concept is to optimize the inventory level in the entire supply chain, what is considerably more difficult than managing it in a singleechelon. The main contribution of this paper is to introduce main challenges of multilevel systems and determine the classification of risks and sources of uncertainty in the entire supply chain. Paper type: Conceptual paper Published online: 19 October 2017 Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 417–429 DOI: 10.21008/j.2083-4950.2017.7.5.3 ISSN 2083-4942 (Print) ISSN 2083-4950 (Online) © 2017 Poznan University of Technology. All rights reserved.


The electrification of the vehicle fleet has as a direct implication the disposal of lithium-ion batteries. It is noteworthy that such batteries need a suitable destination at the end of their useful life, since they are composed of chemical elements with high added value (such as nickel, cobalt, copper, and lithium) and that cannot be discarded in nature, a since they can generate environmental damage to the ecosystem and to the health of the population. Therefore, the development of effective processes for recycling these batteries is key to the economic and environmental sustainability of vehicle electrification. By recovering critical materials, robust recycling systems reduce raw material demand, greenhouse gas emissions and the environmental impacts associated with mining and refining activities. Within this context, hydrometallurgy has emerged as a promising process for battery recycling, presenting high efficiency, lower processing temperature, generating lower carbon emissions and lower energy consumption. The technique also has a high recovery rate for nickel, cobalt, copper, aluminium, graphite, manganese, iron phosphate and especially lithium, which cannot be recovered by current pyrometallurgy techniques. In this scenario, the present work aims to address economic, environmental and performance aspects of recycled materials, to minimize the emission of waste in nature and generate a flexible process for recycling lithium-ion batteries by hydrometallurgical route. This process will be able to process batteries of different chemistry and geometries in the same recycling batch. In the present work, different types of batteries were characterized, and the physical separation and leaching process recovered more than 90% of the minerals of interest (Ni, Co, Li, Mn, Cu and Al). More details about the project will be explored throughout the article.


The particle oxidation catalyst, POC, is a new catalyst concept design and developed for diesel engines to EURO4 and 5 emission limits by trapping and oxidizing some of particulates in Europe. The substrate channels are produced with corrugated screen layers forming a non -blocking element. The reduction of particle matter (PM) significantly exceeds its volatile organic content, with over 60% PM conversions being achieved. Besides the PM reduction, the POC based exhaust emission after treatment system convert up to 90% of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to water vapor and carbon dioxide.


Structural and biochemical changes which occur in the walls of wheat streak mosaic virus infected wheat leaf cells were examined. Electron microscopy of freeze-fractured and fixed sections of infected tissue showed that it contained collapsed cells. To determine if degradation of wall components could be causing this collapse, we tested glucanase and xylanase activities in leaf extracts. Glucanase activity did not appear to be altered due to infection, but xylanase activity was increased. Ester-linked phenolic acids, saponified from cell walls and separated by TLC, showed a slight increase in ferulic acid content in infected tissue. Also, the ion composition of cell walls, as determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, was altered. Lower amounts of calcium and chloride ions, but higher amounts of potassium ions, were detected in infected cell walls. These changes, in combination with the previously determined lower peroxidase activity in infected tissue, are suggested to be at least partially responsible for the observed wall collapse.


The purpose of this research is to find out the correlation between numerical ability and students perception on mathematics with the results of mathematics learning. This research method applied descriptive of correlation. The population in this research is grade VIII SMPN 2 Jogonalan totaling 171 students, with a sample of 86 students taken by cluster random sampling. Analytical techniques multiple regression analysis with requirment of normality and linierity. Based on the results of the research, R = 0,491, meaning that there was a positive correlation between numerical ability and students perception on mathematics with the results of mathematics learning. 0,533, meaning that there was a positive correlation between numerical ability with the results of mathematics learning. 0,307, meaning that there was a positive correlation between students perception on mathematics with the results of mathematics learning.


(Latitude 13° 48′.4 S., longitude 171° 46′.5 or 11h 27m.1 W. of Gr.)

August 2–3—The H-trace became slightly disturbed at about 12h GMT, August 2, and continued so until 02h 09m, August 3, when large fluctuations commenced and continued until 10h 24m, August 3, after which the trace gradually returned to normal. The maximum and minimum in horizontal intensity occurred at 09h 16m and 03h 22m, August 3. Vertical intensity was disturbed over the same period with a minimum at 02h 42m and a maximum at 09h 12m, August 3. There were only very slight disturbances in declination. Ranges: H, 104 gammas; Z, 26 gammas.


This article adapts John Rawls's writings, arguing that past injustice can change what we ought to publicly affirm as the standard of justice today. My approach differs from forward-looking approaches based on alleviating prospective disadvantage and backward-looking historical entitlement approaches. In different contexts, Rawls's own concern for the 'social bases of self-respect' and equal citizenship may require public endorsement of different principles or specifications of the standard of justice. Rawls's difference principle focuses on the least advantaged socioeconomic group. I argue that a historicized difference principle (i) considers the relative standing of racial, gender, and other historically stigmatized groups; (ii) provides their members assurance by weakening incentives to manipulate justice to another group's advantage; and (iii) may result in policies resembling reparations, though justified by forward-looking considerations of self-respect and public assurance. I then examine how disrespectful justifications were historically used to forcibly include indigenous peoples as citizens. While Rawls thinks providing citizens one package of basic liberties signals respect, indigenous self-government could better support self-respect. I invoke Rawlsian international justice, which calls for mutual respect between peoples. Indigenous peoples' status should reflect their past and persisting peoplehood, providing assurance by weakening incentives to unjustly transform international into domestic contexts.


The Grassmannian analogues of the Legendre polonomials are obtained from the corresponding Grassmannian Hermite multinomials. The generating function, recurrence relations, and differential equation are given. In contrast to the Hermitian case there is no Berezin weight function that orthogonalizes these functions. Generalizations to the Tchebyscheff and Gegenbauer cases are also possible.


The article is focused on the utilisation of technologies in the educational process and on playing of computer economic and investment games. There are presented the criteria that should be used for comparison of the games and also the basic definitions from this field. The main part of the presented article is in the last chapter. There is the comparison of the selected economic games.


In an attempt to study the nature of plant tolerance to soil acidity and related factors, a series of investigations was conducted with sand cultures to determine the chemical composition of alfalfa as related to its response to various concentrations of manganese, aluminium and calcium. All clones studied were affected, but to a variable degree, by an excess of manganese and aluminium. They absorbed approximately the same amounts of these elements but considerable differences were noted in their rate of translocation from the roots to the aerial organs. As a result, plants which were the least affected by manganese and aluminium contained smaller amounts of those two elements in their stems and leaves and larger amounts in their roots. Moreover, for a given content of manganese and aluminium in aerial organs, the degree of injury was approximately the same for all clones. More total and water-soluble calcium was found in so-called tolerant than non-tolerant plants. Also, an increase in the calcium concen...


When treating patients with foot or lower extremity dysfunction, the physical therapist may decide to provide the patient with foot orthotic therapy. Any clinic providing orthotic therapy should be able to provide flexible, semi-flexible, or molded rigid orthotics, in order to best meet various patient needs. This article describes St. Benedicts Physical Therapy clinics fabrication methods and guidelines for use of prefabricated semi-flexible foot orthotics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1983;5(1):26–29. doi:10.2519/jospt.1922.214.171.124