Spectrally resolved gain measurements of a strain-compensated quantum cascade laser, emitting at 4.8 μm, are presented. Measurements have been acquired using a multisection cavity technique. The shape of the gain is compared with electroluminescence measurements whereas gain coefficients are compared to values obtained from laser data, studying the dependence of the laser threshold current with cavity length. Gain coefficients of 9.9 cm kA−1 at 80 K and 3.2 cm kA−1 at 322 K are found and we show that the temperature dependence of the gain coefficient is governed by optical phonon scattering.


Background: The onset of schizophrenia is associated with a pronounced decline in employment and educational attainment. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing the Individual Placement and Support approach (supported employment) adapted to include supported education within an Early Intervention Team for young people with a first episode of psychosis in the UK. Method: Demographic, clinical and vocational data were collected between November 2001 and July 2006 to evaluate the impact on service user vocational outcomes at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Individual vocational pathways are reported for the follow-up periods and fidelity to the implementation of the Individual Placement and Support (IPS) approach. Results: By 6 months, 69% of people were supported in open employment and mainstream education/training and this rose to 81% at 18 months. The open employment rate increased significantly from 13% at baseline to 48% at 18 months and this was maintained through to 24 months. Conclusion: This study suggests that the IPS approach combined with supported education was effective at enabling a significant proportion of young people with a first episode of psychosis in a UK Early Intervention Service to gain/retain open employment and mainstream education.


Field tests using specimen racks were performed in six operating flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber absorbers to determine the corrosion resistance of a 22Cr-5Ni duplex alloy, a 4% Mo-containing (Type 317LMN) stainless steel, and a 6% Mo-containing stainless steel. Type 316 stainless steel and alloy C-276 specimens served as highlysusceptible and highly-resistant controls, respectively. The chloride levels in the six absorber slurry environments ranged from 9000 to 70,000 ppm. The pH was typically -5.5 with the slurry temperature in the 120 154°F (~49-68°C) range. Duplicate specimens were tested with "loose" and "tight" crevices for two exposure periods.


The word "kuai"(塊) in the sentence "Yeren yu zhi kuai"(野人与之塊) in Zuozhuan's "Xigong Ershisannian"(《左传·僖公二十三年》) sometimes is translated into the meaning of "土";sometimes is seen as the origin of "kui(蒉)",or translated into the meaning of "caoqi"(草器).The character's original meaning and expanding meaning of the word "kuai"(塊) are analyzed.It is pointed out that the relationship between "kuai"(塊)and "kui"(蒉) is not borrowing one.The translation of "tu"(土)is right.The word "zhenkuai"(枕塊) and the word "zhencao"(枕草) have different meanings,which cannot get confused.


The income profile of taxes has endured dramatic changes since the beginning of the 1990?s: they result from the creation and deepening of employers? payroll tax cuts for low wages, the increasing weight of the CSG ? a flat-rate rate tax on all sources of income ?, the different reforms of the income tax and at last the creation of the PPE, an earned-income tax credit for low hourly wages. We here simulate the overall impact of these reforms by computing average and marginal tax rates for different levels of wages at three dates: 1992, 1998 and 2003. This exercise points out the magnitude of the decrease of tax rates on low-income people, the regular shape of tax rates in 2003 and the slight increase in marginal rates for people earning more than the full-time minimum wage.


For conventional PI controller does not have enough bandwidth to track multi-harmonics without static error,this paper proposes a repetitive learning control,combination of P-type learning control and repetitive control.The Ptype learning control is used to ensure the system's dynamic performance,the repetitive control which can gain no static error for cycle perturbation signal is to improve the output current tracking accuracy of active power filter(APF) for the load harmonic current.This control method is simple,and has a strong practical use.This paper gives theoretical analysis of the stability,the convergence rate and steady-state error of the control system based on three-phase three-wire APF.The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed repetitive learning control is effective and practical,and can effectively improve the filtering performance of the APF.


This essay seeks to contribute to the growing literature on Jonathan Edwards' exegesis and its importance to his thought and ministry. Many studies have examined Edwards' epistemology and understanding of revelation in juxtaposition with Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke. While recognizing that Edwards' post-Lockean intellectual context deeply impacted his thought, this essay demonstrates that Edwards also creatively drew from traditions of experimental piety in his exegesis. In his efforts to comprehend and bolster the emerging piety of the evangelical awakenings, Edwards exploited the Reformed doctrine of the Spirit's inner testimony in order to invest individual religious experience with an elevated authority in biblical interpretation. This move not only impacted the emphases and substance of his exegesis—reflecting the concerns and themes of the early evangelical movement—but it also empowered individual lay believers with greater interpretive powers, consequently contributing to the populist character of early evangelical identity and the democratization of religious authority in America.


The response of the sympathoadrenal medullary system in rats exposed to altitude has been assessed in terms of excretion of free noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) in the urine. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were either exposed acutely to simulated altitudes of 18 000 ft and 24 000 ft for 6 h or chronically to 18 000 ft for 5 weeks. Acutely exposed animals showed a considerable increase in the excretion of both catecholamines at 18 000 ft and 24 000 ft accompanied by a fall in body temperature. Acclimation to 18 000 ft by chronic exposure was achieved either by allowing the animals to reach the final altitude in stages during the 1st week, or by placing them directly at 18 000 ft. Body weight measurements confirmed that the second exposure condition was the more stressful. Although both groups showed an increase in NA excretion in the initial stages, only the second group exhibited an increase in A excretion. As the exposure continued, NA excretion returned towards sea level values. Preexposed animals maint...


On October 12, 1891, a 22-year-old patient S. J. was admitted to the city hospital in Warsaw, who safely gave birth 12 days ago to a healthy girl, with signs of severe acute anemia and a colossal enlargement and swelling of the right large lip and pubic integument. The bladder is swollen and full of urine. With great difficulty, it was possible to find the opening of the urethra for catheterization through the mass of voluminous blood tumor. A foul-smelling discharge, yellowish in color, follows from the vagina. T - 40 C. Diagnosis Endometritis puerpuralis et haematoma vulvae et vaginae post partum.


A historical survey of aeroelasticity, and in particular flutter, is given. The instances in which aeroelasticity played a major role in aircraft failure are detailed, and developments taking flutter into account from the days of the early aviation pioneers up to their successors in the 1950's are reviewed. Aerodynamic theories analyzing flutter are also discussed.


Abstract : This report describes the MEGALIDAR proof-of-concept demonstration performed on the 100-inch collimator to demonstrate the capability of the MEGALIDAR to measure atmospheric densities to altitudes up to 80 km. The report presents a description of the lidar Nd:YAG laser transmitter, receiver and data acquisition subsystem as well as a description of the steps in adapting the collimator facility to accommodate the lidar system. The results of a series of measurements to altitudes up to 85 km are presented along with the measurement method and analyses procedures. Recommendations, based on experience during the demonstration, for improvement of the collimator facility for lidar are given. (EDC)


Many species of cyanobacteria produce hepatotoxic peptides called microcystins. Toxic cyanobacteria have caused fish, wildlife, and cattle mortality in many countries, but the distribution and fate of toxins and their ecological effects are poorly known. Toxic cyanobacteria may affect sensitive organisms and populations, but also fundamental ecological processes, e.g., primary production and microbial activity. Many studies show negative effects of cyanobacteria on zooplankton, but information on the type and quantity of toxin(s) involved is usually missing. Mussels accumulate peptide toxins but accumulation in other organisms remains to be studied. Cyanobacterial blooms often affect the littoral zones, which are important reproduction and feeding areas for fish and birds.


The effects of oral doses of theophylline and a iS-adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, were examined in 18 asthmatic young adults. Significant bronchodilation was seen with high-dose theophylline (FEy1 increased 14 percent) and with full 10-mg doses of fenoterol (FEV, increased 10 percent). Low-dose theophylline alone (130 mg) increased FEV1 by 5 percent, but when combined with 5 mg of fenoterol, a 14 percent improvement was seen, demonstrating significant (P=.003) additive effects. The ability of the two drugs to prevent the asthmatic response to exercise was not additive. The mean fall in FEV1 was not statistically different when subjects ex-


Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium(Tazocin in) empi-rical therapy for nosocomial pneumonia(NP) in patients with craniocerebral injury(CCI).Methods This study consisted of 100 patients with CCI accompanying NP treated in NICU,who were evenly randomized to tazocin group and ceftriaxone group.The patients were given tazocin and ceftriaxone,respectively,for seven days.Before and after therapy,sputum cultures,intestinal flora analysis and lung X-ray were conducted.Body temperature,blood routine,and whether or not having diarrhea were recorded.The therapeutic efficacy and safety between the two groups were compared.Results Sputum cultures showed 104 strains(G-,88 and G+,16).The top three strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae,pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumann.In the tazocin group,the effective power for NP,bacterial clearance rate and rate of adverse reactions were 78%,73% and 18%,respectively;in the ceftriaxone group,that were 52%,44% and 34%,the differences being significant between the two groups(χ2=4.17-10.92,P0.05).ConclusionThe top three bacterial strains of NP in CCI patients in NICU were Klebsiella pneumoniae,pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumann.Tazocin has a better clinical and bacteriological effect in empirical therapy for NP with low adverse reactions.


THE occurrence of thyrotoxicosis in patients with myasthenia gravis is not rare, over 90 such cases having been reported since the turn of the century.1 , 2 Various estimates place the incidence of hyperthyroidism in myasthenic patients at 3 to 6 per cent.3 , 4 However, myasthenia gravis occurs in only a fraction of 1 per cent of the thyrotoxic population.5 The two diseases often do not begin simultaneously; either one may precede the other by many months or years. In the Mayo Clinic series hyperthyroidism was noted first in 54 per cent of cases; myasthenia gravis occurred earlier in 37 per cent. Only . . .


A traffic light assistant on a smartphone is assessed in real traffic, with an eye tracking system. In one experimental condition, the system showed (intentionally) false information to the drivers to simulate a malfunction. The glances for this condition showed similar gaze parameters, as a working system. The subjective ratings of the test subjects after this malfunction dropped significantly. The gathered gaze data are compared to three former studies (two in a driving simulator and another study in real road driving). Findings indicate, that a driving simulator is a safe and reliable alternative to get some of the glance data (e.g., glance durations to the smartphone) without driving in real traffic.


The production of all forms of energy consumes water. To meet increased energy demands, it is essential to quantify the amount of water consumed in the production of different forms of energy. By analyzing the water consumed in different technologies, it is possible to identify areas for improvement in water conservation and reduce water stress in energy-producing regions. The transportation sector is a major consumer of energy in the United States. Because of the relationships between water and energy, the sustainability of transportation is tied to management of water resources. Assessment of water consumption throughout the life cycle of a fuel is necessary to understand its water resource implications. To perform a comparative life cycle assessment of transportation fuels, it is necessary first to develop an inventory of the water consumed in each process in each production supply chain. The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model is an analytical tool that can used to estimate the full life-cycle environmental impacts of various transportation fuel pathways from wells to wheels. GREET is currently being expanded to include water consumption as a sustainability metric. The purpose of this report was to document data sources and methodologies to more » estimate water consumption factors (WCF) for the various transportation fuel pathways in GREET. WCFs reflect the quantity of freshwater directly consumed per unit production for various production processes in GREET. These factors do not include consumption of precipitation or low-quality water (e.g., seawater) and reflect only water that is consumed (i.e., not returned to the source from which it was withdrawn). The data in the report can be combined with GREET to compare the life cycle water consumption for different transportation fuels. « less


Summary Yoshida Ascites Hepatoma 7974 has been studied during its early phases of growth within the embryonic liver following intravenous inoculation into the chick embryo. Multiple ultrastructural changes were seen within tumor cells in the liver in the first 24 hours, prior to any evidence of cell division. Observed changes included aggregation of ribosomal particles and enlargement of annulate lamellae, seen in both rapidly growing tumor from the rat and in the chick embryo system, and enlargement of mitochondria, accumulation of lipid vacuoles, and synthesis of glycogen, which were unique in the chick embryo host. These changes probably reflect a more active metabolic state induced in the tumor cells by the new environment. The possible relationships of these changes to the invasive process and to the chick host are discussed.


Traditional market is a public space where it estimated more than 50 million people are actively involved. A dirty and slum market will become a place for infectious diseases to spread, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This community service aimed to  develop the SERASI Culture (Sehat, Rapi, and Bersih) among community. It located at Traditional Market Pulo Brayan, West Medan District. Using participatory from the community,  the activities are (1) health promotion (2) providing masks (3) making a mechanical sink and (4) educating hand washing with soap. The results showed the excitement of the community and the established of two sink near the market to facilitate. The sustainability of this service activity was marked by the formation of a cadre of SERASI cultural movers from market traders who will collaborated with the local institution and Universitas Sumatera Utara. Creating pocket books which will distributed and to maintain the sanitation facilities for the sustainability of their functions are plans for future achievements of this community services


BACKGROUND
American College of Surgeons (ACS) developed the ACS NSQIP surgical risk calculator that predicts the results of elective and emergency surgical procedures. This tool has been useful improving the morbidity and mortality in hospitals in the United States and Canada.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the usefulness of the ACS NSQIP risk calculator for predicting postoperative complications in Mexican population.

METHOD
Prospective, observational, analytical study. Patients undergoing abdominal surgery were recorded, 21 preoperative variables were captured and entered into the calculator. They were followed up to 30 days postoperatively, identifying 14 types of postoperative complications.

RESULTS
109 patients were registered. A comparison was made between the calculated and observed complications, obtaining a good correlation in the complications of cardiac arrest, surgical site infection, reoperation, sepsis and mortality (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
ACS NSQIP risk calculator is useful in the Mexican population, since the score obtained predicts most postoperative complications including mortality. The use of this tool offers an opportunity to improve decision-making in the care of the surgical patient.


There have been lots of technical developments in broadcasting field since 1990s. Providing high quality video and audio is one improvement and supporting mobile reception in a high-speed vehicle is another. Terrestrial Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (T-DMB) is one of the successfully deployed technologies to provide mobile broadcasting service. One of the major breakthroughs achieved by T-DMB in addition to robust vehicular reception is a system architecture naturally enabling integrated interactive data services, which is defined by MPEG-4 System architecture composed of Object Descriptor Framework and Binary Format for Scene (BiFS) technology. However, interactive service in T-DMB has two fundamental limitations. First, interactive data service should be always rendered on top of a video due to the T-DMB specification. Second, initial data for interactive service is only received by broadcasting channel. These limitations prevent the implementation of emerging data service recently deployed widely by the smart handheld devices such as personalized data service customized for the user characteristics or location-based data service. Therefore, this paper proposes the architecture of hybrid interactive data service (HIDS) for T-DMB to overcome these limitations by defining a hybrid BIFS, which supports individual scene descriptions delivered from broadcasting and mobile channels, and is accessed from the local memory. This proposed architecture also maintains backward compatibility with the already deployed legacy T-DMB receivers.


There are certain requirements to the quality of profile-composite thin-walled shells used in aerospace engineering. All the necessary characteristics of the items (such as thickness of shells, profile accuracy and surface quality) can be provided using the method of diamond grinding. Therefore, the researches, related to establishing an analytical connection between the phenomena arising during tooling of such wares and errors of their form and geometry, are relevant. The purpose of these research is to determine the direction of increasing the vibration-resistance of the grinding system by improving the workpiece production technology, which ensures the approximation of the size and geometry of the workpiece (the main element of the grinding system) to the same parameters of the workpiece. The performed researches allowed to develop a generalized mathematical model of formation of total error of the profile of a thin-walled pyroceram shell considering factors influencing the level of vibrations of elements of the grinding technological system and the accuracy of treatment. The model considers the unevenness of the allowance, which occurs at the stage of obtaining the workpiece, as well as the variable stiffness of the workpiece and the machine tool. Priority directions of increasing the stiffness of the elements of the technological system are established. Among them of the leading importance are the construction of the workpiece, the drawbacks of the workpiece production technology and the features of machine systems using. For the solution of the problem, we proposed: improving the existing workpiece production technology; transition to machining on CNC machines; the possibility of using 3D printing technology in the production of precise complicated parts from ceramics.


The Inquiry Learning,as a way of study,a teaching method,especially as a new form of curriculum,comes into the curriculum domain of elementary education in our country.First of all,this paper has carried on the outline to the Inquiry Learning and its characteristics,then has summarized it into three methods:teaching in the classroom,making use of extracurricular activities and unifying the classroom instruction and the extracurricular activities.What's more,we sum up the problems we should pay attention to during the course of creating situation and using modern technology.


Insurance originated with the Babylonians and the Hindu ever since they started to
insure their merchandise that they transported by way of river, within two years of the
founding of the insurance company in 1666 in Paris for the fire which occurred during
that period, the arrival of insurance in Ecuador came about in the presidency of Eloy
Alfaro the in the year 1906 and since that time until the present it has grown and become
part of our society.
With the arrival of globalization and new accounting standards, our country since 2009
has adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) based on a timetable
given by the Superintendent of Companies, but the insurance section is regulated by the
Superintendent of Banks and Insurances, at the same time that although they are not
issuing a solution or a ruling for the application of the IFRS in this section.


Introduction:
 Cardiac involvement in Systemic sclerosis (SSc), especially left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD), is high prevalence and associated with high mortality. Thus, the early detection of left ventricular DD might be important to manage SSc. Recent study has shown that exercise stress test may evaluate an early stage of heart failure in patients with normal resting echocardiogram.

 Hypothesis:
 We hypothesized that SSc patients with normal resting hemodynamics may present early phase of left ventricular DD by exercise echocardiogram, leading to the model of predicting long-term outcomes.

 Methods:
 Between January 2014 and December 2018, we prospectively enrolled 140 SSc patients who underwent 6-minute walk (6MW) stress echocardiographic studies with normal range of estimated mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) (<25mmHg) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (mPAWP) (<15mmHg) at rest. We used ΔmPAP/Δcardiac output (CO) to assess pulmonary vascular reserve and ΔmPAWP/ΔCO to assess left ventricular (LV) reserve between resting and post-6MW point.

 Results:
 During a median period of 3.6 years, 25 patients (18%) reached the composite outcome. Both ΔmPAP/ΔCO and ΔmPAWP/ΔCO in patients with events were significantly higher than in ones without events (8.9±3.8mmHg/l/min vs. 3.0±1.7mmHg/l/min; p=0.002, and 2.2±0.9mmHg/l/min vs. 0.9±0.5mmHg/l/min; p<0.001, respectively). In addition, ΔmPAWP/ΔCO is strongly associated with events (p=0.04) in patients with normal ΔmPAP/ΔCO (≤median value), although ΔmPAWP/ΔCO had weak impact in patients with abnormal ΔmPAP/ΔCO (>median value) (p=0.23).

 Conclusions:
 Exercise echocardiography revealed impaired LV functional reserve in SSc patients with normal resting hemodynamics. Furthermore, in the group of normal pulmonary vascular function, the patients with impaired LV functional reserve had significantly shorter event-free survival than the ones with non-impaired LV function. Thus, the evaluation of early left ventricular DD with 6MW may detect high-risk group in SSc patients.


Physical considerations based on the fact that colliding atoms or molecules are deformed during their collision are used to separate the low-energy repulsive part of the pair potential into single-molecule properties. A prescription for deriving combining rules for two-parameter potentials is obtained and is then applied to the Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential. The predicted characteristic energies for unlike pairs are markedly better than those obtained from existing combining rules and are usually within 10% of the observed values.


Despite an unparalleled campaign over the last 10 years to increase public awareness of risk factors associated with lung cancer, carcinoma of the lung remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the US and worldwide. Epidemiological data continue to show that in the US lung cancer accounts for 26 and 31% of cancer deaths in women and men, respectively. In 2007, over 213,380 new cases of lung cancer were diagnosed, accompanied by an estimated 160,390 deaths. Although death rates from lung cancer among men decreased for the first time in 1997, death rates among women increased during the same period.


Significance of the cotton growing in a country like Uzbekistan forms the base in agriculture where the majority of economic active population is employed, and considerable part of GDP is produced. One can distinguish several aspects of cotton significance for the country. From political point of view, effective functioning of cotton complex provides the country with important international reputation and prestige. In social aspect, sustaining dominant position of cotton complex m economic structure provides employment and income generation to majority of rural population. The economic aspect explains essential contribution of cotton chain to national economy development and its sustainability, states' role of the industry m earning foreign exchange reserves and supporting competitiveness of aggregate production.


SCOPE
Obesity is a chronic condition that is caused by imbalance of energy intake and expenditure, resulting in excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissues. Adipose tissue is now considered to be an immune organ, at the cross-road between metabolism and immunity. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of Adzuki bean water extract on obesity and gut microbiota in high-fed diet-induced mice.

METHODS AND RESULTS
In this study, adzuki bean hot water extract (AWE) was determined to have the most significant anti-adipogenic effect; it was able to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and it reduced body weight and white adipose tissue weight in a dose-dependent manner. AWE treatment also decreased M1-polarized adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) while inducing M2-polarized ATMs. The number and size of fat vacuoles in liver lesions were significantly reduced, indicating that AWE could ameliorate steatosis in HFD-induced mice. The results also demonstrated that AWE-treated groups inhibited adipogenesis via activating the wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway and reduced adipogenesis-associated transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α (C/EBPα) expression. Moreover, our studies confirmed that AWE could decrease obesity through modulating gut microbiota.

CONCLUSION
The results demonstrate that AWE supplementation ameliorates HFD-induced obesity and gut microbiota composition and suggest that AWE may have potential to be developed into a functional food to improve metabolic disorders. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Natural gas is not a toxic substance when inhaled. However, exposure to high levels depletes the oxygen level in the body, which gives rise to cognitive problems. In the earlier stages, you may experience dizziness, headaches and blurred vision. Continued exposure may result in memory loss, disorientation and poor judgment. In severe cases, you may begin to hallucinate. This is what we are now observing in the Eastern Mediterranean, which has recently attracted increased industry and international attention following a series of major natural gas discoveries offshore Israel and Cyprus. The Eastern Mediterranean holds, without question, large hydrocarbon resources even though the countries in the region, excluding Egypt, have been quite slow in finding them. A handful of modest gas discoveries in 1999 and 2000 in offshore Israel and Gaza accelerated exploration efforts and promoted the acquisition of geophysical data throughout the region. It was three large scale discoveries in the East Mediterranean since 2009 (Tamar and Leviathan fields in 2009 and 2010 offshore Israel; Cyprus-A in 2011 off the coast of southern Cyprus) that have opened up a new deepwater province and hence the so-called gas bonanza. When some other recently discovered but smaller sized fields are added to the above mentioned fields, total discovered natural gas resources in the Levant Basin at present amount to over 1.1 trillion cubic meters (tcm). And yet, the region remains one of the world's most under-explored or unexplored areas and has good prospects for additional gas, and perhaps oil, reserves. A recent United States Geological Survey (USGS) assessment confirms this. In March 2010, the USGS released an assessment concerning the technically recoverable undiscovered oil and gas resource potential of the Levant Basin Province which covers mainly offshore territories including the Gaza Strip, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Cyprus. The study estimated a potential of 1.7 billion barrels of oil and 3.45 tcm of natural gas in the area. Two months later, the USGS issued another assessment. It was for the Nile Delta Basin province, which corresponds to the Nile Delta and Mediterranean Sea sectors of Egypt. This assessment indicates that the undiscovered gas potential in the mentioned area is three times bigger than the current level of gas reserves in Egypt. The above mentioned discoveries and the USGS assessments have not only significantly augmented hopes for large natural gas potential in the East Mediterranean but also made it a fast rising favorite for international oil and gas companies if only because the potential prize seems too big to ignore. Converting these head turning discoveries and undiscovered potential into real money, pronounced in 12 to 13 digit figures, have caused dizziness. So, the symptoms of natural gas poisoning have started. Cyprus In the Republic of Cyprus the dizziness started with a head turning Christmas gift on 28 December 2011 with the discovery of a large offshore gas field. When the country opened its second licensing round in February 2012 the media focused on the Cypriot officials' estimate of a potential 1700 bcm of natural gas lying under deep Mediterranean waters. Although this estimate is based on the interpretation of geophysical data it was large enough to attract attention. Cyprus received 15 bids (10 consortia and 5 individual companies) from 15 countries for 9 blocks out of 12 offered. While the discussions about the country's debt mess was heating up the authorities awarded 5 blocks to French, Italian and Korean companies. Israel Israel never lost hope of finding its own hydrocarbon reserves even after over 60 years of fruitless searching and cost in the hundreds of millions of dollars for drilling some 500 wells onshore and offshore. All wells drilled through 1999 either encountered oil and gas in


To study the influence of the closing ratio of the cut-off walls for dikes in the polder areas on the groundwater quality,the dike of Ganfu polder area in Jiangxi Province was taken as a case.Based on the field tests,the changing trend of the groundwater quality under different closing ratios of the cut-off walls was simulated by use of the software Visual MODFLOW.The results show that the existing closing ratio(0.75) will not lead to the excessive accumulation of TN in groundwater,and the reasonable closing ratio of the cut-off walls may mitigate the contradiction between the water environment in the polder areas and the reinforcement of the dikes.


Cloud computing represents a promising computing paradigm where resources have to be dynamically allocated to software that needs to be executed. Self-manageable Cloud infrastructures are required to achieve that level of flexibility on the one hand, and to comply to users' requirements specified by means of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) on the other. Such infrastructures should automatically respond to changing component, workload, and environmental conditions minimizing user interactions with the system and preventing violations of SLAs. However, identification of system states where reactive actions are necessary for the prevention of SLA violations is far from trivial. In this paper we investigate how current knowledge management systems can be used for the prevention of SLA violations in Clouds. First, we define a typical SLA use case and formulate the expected behavior of the knowledge management system in order to prevent possible SLA violations. Second, we investigate different methods for knowledge management, e.g., situation calculus and case based reasoning (CBR). We discuss how these methods match the expected behavior for SLA violation prevention. In particular we examine the CBR method and devise several approaches for knowledge management in Clouds based on CBR. Finally, we evaluate our approach based on the presented use case.


approved:_____________________________________________________ Aurora Sherman Previous research has shown that gender stereotypes are present in advertisements and in popular culture items. We conducted a content analysis of Halloween costumes to examine the presence of gender stereotypes in the poses of the models, weapons, and costume role (e.g. hero, counter authority, mythical creature, royalty). A sample of 990 costumes was randomly selected from a larger pool of costumes from four different U.S. costume retailers. An exploratory analysis for Spanish costumes was also conducted with a sample of 100 randomly selected costumes from the Spanish website Party Fiesta. Chisquare analyses revealed that in both datasets, men were more frequently posed actively, had active hands, stable/grounded stance, and stable/grounded feet. Women were more frequently posed with decorative hands, with a curved spine, off-balanced or displayed stance, and off-balanced or displayed feet. Male models were twice as likely to be pictured with a weapon as female models, though this did not reach significance in the Spanish dataset. Female models were more likely to take on costume roles of princess and mythical creature, while male models were more likely to take on costume roles of heroes and counter authorities. The results of this study indicate that gender stereotypes are present in Halloween costumes. Gender socialization consequences are discussed.


Thank you for the constructive suggestions. We have restructured the paper, as you have suggested, to address the feeling of confusion. We tried to reduce the sections that seem to be documentation and removed the appendices to reduce the length. We have taken note of your suggestions for the code and they will addresssed in a future release. Our response to your further comments are detailed in the attached file. Hope you find them in good order.


Tooth, Stephen, Rodnight, H., Duller, G.A.T., McCarthy, T.S., (2006) 'Chronology and controls of avulsion along a mixed bedrock-alluvial river', Geological Society of America Bulletin 119(3) pp.452-461 RAE2008


AdaptLidarTools is a software package that processes full-waveform lidar data. Full-waveform lidar is an active remote sensing technique in which a laser beam is emitted towards a target and the backscattered energy is recorded as a near continuous waveform. A collection of waveforms from airborne lidar can capture landscape characteristics in three dimensions. Specific to vegetation, the extracted echoes and echo properties from the waveforms can provide scientists structural (height, volume, layers of canopy, among others) and functional (leaf area index, diversity) characteristics. The discrete waveforms can be transformed into georeferenced 2D rasters (images), allowing scientists to correlate field-based observations for validation of the waveform observations and fusing the data with other geospatial information. AdaptLidarTools provides an extensible, open-source framework that processes the waveforms and produces multiple data outputs that can be used in vegetation and terrain analysis. AdaptLidarTools is designed to explore new methods to fit full-waveform lidar signals and to maximize the information in the waveforms for vegetation applications. The toolkit explores first differencing, complementary to Gaussian fitting, for faster processing of full-waveform lidar signals and for handling increasingly large volumes of full-waveform lidar datasets. AdaptLidarTools takes approximately 30 min to derive a raster of a given echo property from a raw waveform file of 1 GB size. The toolkit generates first order echo properties such as position, amplitude, pulse width, and other properties such as rise time, fall time and backscattered cross section. It also generates other properties that current proprietary and open-source tools do not. The derived echo properties are delivered as georeferenced raster files of a given spatial resolution that can be viewed and processed by most remote sensing data processing software.


This paper addresses significant anomaly events affecting Resident Space Objects (RSOs) in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO), two of which occurred during the summer of 2017. The paper details the progress of the events, pulling from multi-frame imagery to illustrate observable phenomena. It also addresses the importance of possessing such content-rich data by detailing the additional opportunities for deep analysis and root-cause assessment offered by the presence of content-rich datasets rather than sparse datasets.


Thank you to BJSM guest editor Steven Blair1 and all our January and February authors (http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/vol43/issue1; http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/vol43/issue2). If we apply Bono's battle cry "There has been a lot of talk, maybe too much talk"…to the subject of physical inactivity, we can now proclaim it's time for action. The January and February BJSM issues bring together global authorities and focus on practical steps. Medical clinicians will be interested in the analysis by Erica Frank and colleagues ( see page 124 ) of the activity levels of medical students and their propensity to prescribe physical activity (or not!).2 Is it time to add a physical activity question to the medical student selection process? Should the Medical College Admission Test ask for a shuttle run/beep test score?

Barry Franklin and colleagues3 make a compelling case for …


The objective of this study is to map direct and indirect seasonal urban carbon emissions using spatial micro Big Data, regarding building and transportation energy-use activities in Sumida, Tokyo. Building emissions were estimated by considering the number of stories, composition of use (e.g., residence and retail), and other factors associated with individual buildings. Transportation emissions were estimated through dynamic transportation behaviour modelling, which was obtained using person-trip surveys. Spatial seasonal emissions were evaluated and visualized using three-dimensional (3D) mapping. The results suggest the usefulness of spatial micro Big Data for seasonal urban carbon emission mapping; a process which combines both the building and transportation sectors for the first time with 3D mapping, to detect emission hot spots and to support community-level carbon management in the future.


The pattern of development in the city of Bengkulu is directed at building tourism and its development. This is because most of the city of Bengkulu is in the coastal region of the Indonesian Ocean. The potential of tourist areas in the city of Bengkulu is very large, especially for the development of tourism based on sea and fisheries. The Bengkulu City Government has established coastal area development programs, one of which is in Bengkulu Market Fisheries Village. Facilities and infrastructure supporting coastal tourism have been sought by the Bengkulu City government such as the construction of tourist area entrances, shelters, parking lots and other supporting facilities. Other support is to mobilize the community to sell Bengkulu special culinary and other sea culinary, so that the development of fisherman villages as tourist areas can be achieved.


Intrapreneurship activities are very important in terms of adapting to the dynamic environment the enterprises are surrounded by. The attitudes of managers to these activities are significant for the formation and spread of intrapreneurship culture. In this context, this study aims to determine the perceptions of hotel managers related to intrapreneurship and to explore the implementations of intraprenuership at the hotels chosen for this research. Four and five-star hotels in Phrygia region were selected for this study. Questionnaires were used to collect data and 127 managers responded to the questionnaire distributed between the months of September and December in 2009. For data analysis, Factor analysis, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis H methods were used. According to the results, hotel managers gave importance to innovation and strategic renewal in terms of intrapreneurship, but for new business venturing and competitive agressiveness they preferred to follow their rivals. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Submitted : 14 November 2009 Resubmitted : 25 Oecember 2009 Accepted : 15 Februrary 2010


Dissociations Between Regularities and Irregularities in Language Processing: Computational Demonstrations Without Separable Processing Components Daragh E. Sibley (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology, George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 USA Christopher T. Kello (email@example.com) Department of Psychology, George Mason University Fairfax, VA 22030-4444 USA Abstract Two models are presented that compute a quasi-regular mapping. One was based on localist representations of items in the quasi-regular domain, the other was based on distributed representations. In each model, a control parameter termed input gain was modulated over the one and only level of representation that mapped inputs to outputs. Input gain caused both models to shift between regularity- based and item-based modes of processing. Performance on irregular items was selectively impaired in the regularity- based modes, whereas performance on novel items was selectively impaired in the item-based modes. Thus, each model exhibited a double dissociation without separable processing components. These results are discussed in the context of analogous dissociations found in language domains such as word reading and inflectional morphology. Introduction The quasi-regular nature of language has played a central role in theories of language processing in the mind and brain. On the one hand, language processes must be able to handle novel inputs, e.g., skilled readers can give reasonable pronunciations and conjugations to verbs that they have never encountered before. These abilities demonstrate how language usage can be generative on the basis of regularities. On the other hand, irregular items often exist for which the regularities do not apply. Thus, language processes must be able to override the regularities, when appropriate, with knowledge that is applicable to only a few items, or even to just one. How are language processes structured to handle both regularities, and the exceptions to those regularities? One answer to this question is that any given quasi- regular domain is processed by two complementary routes. A regularity-based route is specialized to capture the regularities that span across linguistic items in the domain, and an item-based route is specialized to capture knowledge that is specific to items in the domain. For instance, in the words-and-rules theory (Pinker, 1999), rules are used to process regular inflectional morphologys (e.g., WALK- WALKED), and a lexicon is used to process irregular inflections (e.g., GO-WENT). In the dual-route cascaded (DRC) theory of word reading (Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 93; Coltheart et al., 2001), a set of grapheme-to- phoneme correspondence rules is used to capture regularities between the spellings and sounds of words, and a system of lexical knowledge serves to override the rules when necessary (e.g., PINT does not rhyme with MINT). Alternatively, single-route theories have been proposed in which the mechanisms and representations for handling regularities and irregularities are inseparable. For instance, Rumelhart and McClelland (1986) proposed a theory in which a single route of processing was used to generate the past tense of both regular and irregular verbs (also see, e.g., Joanisse & Seidenberg, 1999). Kello and Plaut (2003) proposed a theory of word reading in which the mapping from spelling to sound is mediated by a single level of learned representations (also see Plaut & Gonnerman, A wide variety of evidence has been brought to bear on dual-route and single-route theories of language processing (for reviews, see Coltheart et al., 2001; McClelland & Patterson, 2002; Pinker, 1999; Pinker & Ullman, 2002; Plaut, McClelland, Seidenberg, & Patterson, 1996). Much of this evidence speaks to one or another particularity of a given theory. Every piece of evidence contributes to the overall debate, but here we focus on one kind of evidence that is relevant to all theories in question: dissociations between regularity-based and item-based processing. Double dissociations have been observed in language processing, and some have been interpreted as evidence for separable regularity-based and item-based components of the language system. In the area of inflectional morphology, Ullman and his colleagues (Ullman et al., 1997) reported evidence for a dissociation between the past tense formation of regular and irregular verbs in English. They found that Alzheimer's patients, as well as aphasics with posterior lesions, were poor at generating the past tense of verbs with irregular inflections, but relatively normal with regular inflections. They found the opposite pattern for Parkinson's patients and aphasics with anterior lesions. Marslen-Wilson and Tyler (1997; 1998) found a similar dissociation in a priming paradigm with language-impaired patients. In the area of word reading, deficits found in surface and phonological dyslexia have been interpreted analogously to those found in posterior versus anterior aphasics. For instance, Berhmann and Bub (1992) reported on a surface dyslexic patient MP for whom the ability to read exception words (particularly of low frequency) was greatly impaired,


Surfactant is an important member of paper-making chemicals.In this paper,some water-soluble polymer surfactants in papermaking industry was introduced.The properties,synthesizing methods and applications were also discussed.The methods of application in paperrmaking industry were discussed at last.


Leiomyosarcomas, occurre in middle age and most common on the extremities, develop as solitary painful or tender intra-or subcutaneous nodules showing a relatively benign biologic course. We reported a 39-y-old female with intracutaneous leiomyosarcoma seen in the left inguinal region. She was in good health. First total resection was done under the diagnosis of infectious atheroma because of painful subcutaneous nodule, but histopathological feature showed that tumor nest consist of a poorly delineated proliferation of spindle-shaped atypical myomatous cells arranged in interlacing fascicle with positive smooth muscle actin stain. Wide local excision was carried out after the diagnosis. No recurrence was noted one year after the excision. [Skin Cancer (Japan) 2001; 16: 128-131]


With the development of molecular biology in recent years,there are numerous new target and corresponding new agents being found in management for lung cancer.This review briefly focused on the new targets and agents from the following four aspects:signal transduction pathway,cell survival pathway,gene therapy,and angiogenesis.


Support for PhD students and their advisors in decision-making before and along their PhD journeys requires providing them with a deep understanding and knowledge of the life-cycle of a PhD. This means giving them access to a thorough understanding of causal relations between events, decisions, and the possible outcome. This knowledge can be attained primarily from insider stories, study reports, communications threads with advisors and colleagues, interviews, and scholarly databases. However, it is unclear how to give this knowledge a reasonable structure (due to the heterogeneity of concepts and data sources) so that we can use it for decision-making during the PhD journey. In this paper, we explore how to analyze and model PhD stories to uncover and extract causal relationships found within each story to get insights into the co-occurrences and causalities. We analyze these stories with thematic analysis to understand their main points and we use concept maps to create semi-formal graphs of connected events and objects where the relationships are being emphasized from the perspective of cause and effect. Our results at this point are a collection of PhD stories in the form of concept maps, thematic codes, a proposed approach for goal-directed PhD story modeling which we describe in this paper.


Objective: The spinal traumas are common and leading problem in orthopedic practice. In this study, we stabilize the cases of the unstable thoracolumbar spine injuries with decompression and pedicular screw instrumentation . Materials and Methods: This study was undertaken in the Department of Orthopedics in CG and Bapuji Hospitals attached to JJM Medical College, Davangere. Twenty adult patients with acute thoracolumbar injuries who gave the consent for surgery admitted during the study period were included as study sample. Patient selection was according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and was surgically treated with pedicle screw and rod system (ZETA). Results: The standard deviation of the study group was 11.5 with mean age being 41 years. The most common vertebrae involved in this series were between T11 and L2 to the extent up to 50%. The average regional angle during preoperative stage was 16.50 ΁ 5.020 and 4.450 ΁ 4.150 during 1-year postoperative period. The mean difference of vertebral height between pre- and 12 th post-operative week was 8.8 mm, pre- and 24 th post-operative week was 7.95 and pre- and 1-year post-operative period was 7.95. Among all the subjects, 20% resumed the previous level of work or equal level of the physically challenging job. While 35% with little modification resumed the previous level of heavy work after 1 year of follow-up. After same period about 45% of subjects did not entertain any pain, whereas 30% felt occasionally, for which no medication was required. Conclusion: Findings of this study show that pedicle screw-rod instrumentation is an excellent implant system used in treatment of vertebral fractures. There is a very high statistical significant restoration of vertebral body height, mean regional angle and mean anterior wedge angle with this procedure in thoracolumbar fractures. Neurological recovery was seen significantly when all cases with neurological deficits were clubbed together.


In this paper I explore the practice of skin-bleaching whereby women (and some men) use highly dangerous chemical agents on their skin in order to achieve a lighter skin tone. Using medical literature from medical and dermatology journals, fashion magazine ads, website ads for skin-bleaching products, and critical literature on race, gender and representation, I seek to make sense of the health, social, political and cultural implications of this destructive practice. Dans cet article, je remets en question la pratique du blanchiment de la peau selon laquelle, a l'aide de produits chimiques excessivement dangereux, les femmes (ainsi que certains hommes), parviennent eclaircir leur peau. En me basant sur de la documentation provenant de revues medicales et dermatologiques, de publicites relevees de magazines de mode ou de sites web, et sur de la documentation importante sur le racisme, le genre et la representation, je tente de comprendre l'ampleur des repercussions sociales, politiques et culturelles de cette pratique destructrice. Introduction The practice of skin-bleaching is the focus of this paper, a practice whereby women (and some men) use various chemical agents on their skin to achieve a lighter skin tone, or even to appear white if possible. Skin-bleaching, I argue, is linked to the ways in which whiteness historically has come to be viewed as the paradigm, the standard, the universal human body, while blackness is seen as deviant, degenerate and ugly. By presenting a variety of medical articles, I will show that the medical communities in the west and elsewhere have failed to intervene in the production and use of these highly poisonous chemicals. Western medical authorities consider skin-bleaching exclusively as a black problem and therefore give this destructive practice a low priority. I will also show that the enterprise of skin-bleaching is a big business which brings together members of the medical community, the pharmaceutical industry, the chemical industry into a global nexus of producers, distributors and dispensers of poisonous skin-bleaching chemicals for the purpose of making a profit. (1) Finally, I argue that skin-bleaching is a particular, albeit very destructive, attempt to gain respectability and social mobility within the white supremacist capitalist social and political order. Hence, everyone -- "white," "black," or "people of colour," -- is implicated and affected, often in complex ways, by the politics of whiteness. Consequently, I situate the practice of skin-bleaching in the social and political context of white supremacist culture, a cultural hegemony that is global, and whose dominating impact is felt world wide. Race, Representation, and the Construction of the White Body Throughout western colonial history, the white body has been represented by the dominant culture as the most virtuous and aesthetically most appealing, while the dark body has been represented as the least virtuous and aesthetically least appealing. Colonial representations of race construct both whiteness and blackness, and the concomitant sets of values, dispositions and attitudes associated with such discursively produced racial identities and racialized bodies. In this article, I combine works of critical scholars of race and representations with the medical literature in order to make sense of this destructive practice. Skin-bleaching is a practice that leads to a great deal of pain and shame, and, in some cases, causes irreversible bodily damage to those who practise it. (2) Discussion of skin-bleaching must be situated within the wider sociocultural, sociopolitical and socioeconomic conditions within which it takes place. Consequently, I take a critical look at this issue from a cross-disciplinary perspective. Skin-bleaching as a practice indicates a desire to be white, or to be less dark-skinned. As bell hooks has succinctly pointed out, hating blackness is a clear manifestation of a white supremacist ethos (hooks, 1992, p. …


This competition is about forecasting a number of economic variables. Predicting the future is difficult at the best of times, and with the economic environment becoming increasingly turbulent, forecasting is becoming that much more difficult. It is also a challenging time for policymakers; in the face of heightened uncertainty, our decisions become more datadependent than usual. This makes it more difficult for analysts to forecast policy moves. We interact with market participants and other interested parties on a regular basis to help them understand our thinking on various issues.In the recent past, a number of questions have repeatedly come up, and in my address to you today, I will focus on three of these interrelated questions. First, how should monetary policy respond to changes in the exchange rate, particularly when driven by terms-of-trade shocks? Second, given the importance of US policy normalisation in our communication, does this mean that the Bank follows global interest rates in making policy decisions? And finally, how does the Bank think about inflation expectations?


Analysis of the slab waveguide analysis of the step index fibre dispersion in the step index fibre the monomode fibre propagation of light rays in multimode graded index fibres dispersion in graded index fibres light sources and detectors modulation of semiconductor light sources transfer characteristics and impulse response of fibre communication systems power launching and coupling efficiency receiver principles and signal-to-noise ratio in analogue receivers receivers for digital fibre communication systems system noise system components and aspects of system design coherent optical fibre communication.


A novel self-powered system was constructed to in situ remove nitrate and Cr(VI) from synthetic groundwater and achieve river sediment remediation simultaneously. The sediment organic matter in an anodic chamber was used as a carbon source to provide self-powered energy to reduce the cathode's contaminants. With the acceptance of protons and electrons, nitrate and Cr(VI) were transformed into nitrite and Cr(III), respectively. In a 72 h test with both nitrate and Cr(VI) present, nitrate was removed at a rate of 70.96 mg/m3·h and Cr(VI) at a rate of 8.95 mg/m3·h. When a phosphate buffer was used in the test, their removal rates were changed to 140.83 mg/m3·h and 8.33 mg/m3·h, respectively. The results showed that the self-powered system could achieve the simultaneous reduction of nitrate and Cr(VI), although the presence of Cr(VI) hindered nitrate reduction. This system could realize simultaneous in situ groundwater and sediment remediation, with no need for additional energy or materials.


A graph-theoretic account of fibring of logics is developed, capitalizing on the interleaving characteristics of fibring. Signatures, interpretation structures and deductive systems are defined as enriched graphs. This graph-theoretic view is general enough to accommodate very different propositional based logics encompassing logics with non-deterministic semantics, logics with an algebraic semantics, logics with partial semantics, substructural logics, among others. Fibring is seen as a universal construction in the category of logic systems. Graph-theoretic fibring allows the explicit construction of the interpretation structure resulting from the fibring of a pair of interpretation structures. Soundness and weak completeness are proved to be preserved under very general conditions. Strong completeness is also shown to be preserved under tighter conditions. In this setting, the collapsing problem appearing in several combinations of logic systems is avoided.


A new simple method for the calculation of induced electromotive force is introduced, with specified condition of an infinitely long straight wire placed in a uniform symmetry circular magnetic field. Introduction In college physics teaching, we are acquainted with the expression of the induced electromotive force: ∫ ⋅ = ε l k i l d E ,but k E is limited to the case with circular symmetry when calculation, namely, the time-varying uniform magnetic field exciting induced electric field also has circular symmetry. For a finitely long straight wire placed in such a magnetic field, there are two calculation methods for induced electromotive force on the wire: firstly, direct calculation using distribution of the induced electric field and ∫ ⋅ = ε l k i l d E ; the other one is to set up auxiliary lines to constitute a loop, and calculate the electromotive force of the loop using dt dφ − = ε ,with corresponding treatment[1]. For the calculation of an infinitely long straight wire placed in the magnetic field, the former method is usually used. In fact, with proper adjustments, the latter approach can also be used. The following calculation shows an example. Integration Method If the uniform magnetic field is limited to a circular area of radius R, and the rate of change versus time 0 t B > ∂ ∂ , for an infinitely long straight wire placed in the magnetic field, which has chord length b cut by this round, the string corresponding central angle is 2θ, and the distance from center of the circle to this chord is h,as shown in figure 1.Considering the symmetry of wire, the induced electromotive force between A and B is ∫ ∫ ⋅ + ⋅ = ε 2 1 l 2 k l 1 k AB l d E 2 l d E 2


It appears inter‐seasonal influenza notifications have been increasing in summer months in Australia. This study aims to determine changes in inter‐seasonal influenza activity in Australia over time.


Studies of nesting ecology have proven to be extremely important for stingless bee conservation. These studies have rarely been conducted in urban landscapes, and even fewer have compared species diversity and abundances over time. We surveyed native stingless bee nests at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora campus in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, from May 2008 to April 2009. We recorded the number of nests, nest height, species diversity, and nest substrate type (i.e., natural or artificial). We compared our results to those of a similar survey carried out in the same location eight years prior (2000/2001) in order to evaluate how urban expansion on campus has influenced the Meliponini bee community. Stingless bee abundance and richness were greater in the second survey. The use of natural substrates decreased, while the use of artificial substrates increased. This suggests that the increase in man-made structures on the UFJF campus has provided favorable sites for establishment of some stingless bee species.


Extant studies on compliance with security policies have largely ignored the impact of monitoring, security operations, and roles and responsibilities on employees' compliance. This chapter proposes a theoretical model that integrates security policy, monitoring, security operations, and security roles to examine employees' security compliance. Data were collected from 233 IT security and management professionals. Using partial least square structural equation modelling and testing hypotheses, the study finds that information security policy has significant indirect influence on information security compliance. The effect of security policy is fully mediated by security roles, operations security activities, and security monitoring activities. Security policy strongly influences operations security activities and has the greatest effect on security roles and responsibilities. Among the three mediating variables, monitoring has the most significant influence on security compliance. Conversely, the direct impact of security policy on compliance is not significant.


The ultrastructure of the normal caecum of chickens and of chickens infected with Trichomonas gallinarum has been investigated. In infected caeca some villi and crypts of LieberkÜhn appear normal whereas others show marked changes in structure of the epithelial cells. The most obvious changes are loss of microvilli and glycocalyx and an increase in number of vesicles which stain metachromatically with Azur II. T. gallinarum has been detected between epithelial cells and in the lamina propria. Bacteria often, but not always, accompanied the protozoa in the tissues.


A new sparse matrix access technique based on an improved two-dimensional chain table data structure is presented and applied to power flow calculation. By means of improving the storage structure of two-dimensional chain table, calculating the position of injection element during LU decomposition by LU-extension method, adding the redundant elements in sparse matrix beforehand to store injection elements and modifying the structure of power flow equations according to the features of LU decomposition, the sparse matrix technique and power flow equations are optimized. Therefore, the efficiency of power flow calculation is further enhanced. The results of power flow calculation for large scale power grid show that,compared with traditional power flow algorithm, the calculation speed of power flow algorithm based on improved two-dimensional sparse matrix technique is greatly improved. The proposed method is especially suited to the power flow calculation of large scale power grid.


esign methodology is the govern- ing process to generate a microchip product from concept to silicon. Since it is an engineering process, its ac- tual implementation may vary from one design team to another and could be strongly related to the availability of com- puter-aided design (CAD) tools. A good CAD tool set will enable the consistency of the design. It will also be a deciding factor for the accomplishment schedule of the chip-development project. The inte- grated-circuit (IC) design methodology governs the system modeling, design en- gineering activity, reference board design, chip testing, and production. To master the complex activities efficiently, strong leadership with good teamwork is needed. Project planning plays the key role to con- nect one team member to another and serves as the blueprint for the design team. In this article, a mixed-signal sys- tem-on-a-chip (SoC) design methodology and the supporting CAD tools are pre- sented. A known tools set is identified for illustration purposes and some alternative tools can equally accomplish the task. bility, system architectural development, and logistics planning. For an engineering team, the most important part is the sys- tem specification and the demonstration board or testing environment setup. The R&D team needs to develop an end-to-end floating point system model to validate the major algorithm for hardware develop- ment, and this model will also serve as the reference for the IC development effort. Let's use development of communica- tion ICs as an example. The floating point system model should include the channel fading effect and other noise factors, model for major system components, and suitable system performance metrics. The floating point system model can serve as the master source for the system design specs selection, the feasibility study to identify technical support, and then the system evaluation board development. It can be used to generate a bit-accurate and cycle-accurate model, which is also called an IC development C model. In fact, there might be several versions of the IC devel- opment C model due to the possible hard- ware requirement variants. Each variant represents a possible implementation ap- proach. The IC development C model helps find the best implementation trade- off. It can be used to determine the num- ber of bits for digital data path, the number of bits for A/D conversion, cycle times for clock recovery, and many other design parameters. Given the IC development C model, the IC behavioral model can be created. The IC behavioral model needs to perform ex- actly the same way as the circuits to be de- veloped. In fact, the IC behavioral model can be developed in parallel with the cir- cuit implementation (or RTL coding) so that the project schedule can be acceler- ated. After the IC behavioral model is com- pleted, it can be used to integrate with the whole-chip connectivity functional model (i.e., whole-chip test bench) or the mixed signal ,mixed-level test bench. The former is written in Verilog language while the latter is written in Verilog-A or a combina- tion of Verilog and SPICE-compatible cir- cuit syntax. The w hole-chip t est b ench a nd


Introduction Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a lymphoproliferative disorder caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). EBV is a common virus in society. It has been quoted that by age 30 years, roughly 90% of people have been exposed (1). While it is usually a benign self-limiting illness, IM can have severe, life-threating complications including splenic rupture. Generally thought to have an incidence of 0.1% (1–3), the risk of splenic rupture has driven the common practice of advising the avoidance of contact sports for anywhere between 3 wk and 6 wk. In a review of splenic rupture case reports, a majority had no history of significant trauma (1). Of those with a preceding history of trauma, even fewer occurred during sports. Here, we present a case of traumatic splenic laceration in a 19-year-old professional hockeyplayerwith aprecedinghistoryof a febrile illness 2wkprior.


Microscopic traffic flow models have been widely used in decision making and evaluation of real transportation systems and the models must be calibrated before use in order to content the credibility of decision and evaluation. For a kind of microscopic traffic flow model (Transportation analysis and simulation system model, TRANSIMS), a new optimal objective function is adopted which is based on the mean and standard deviation of the traffic fundamental graphic data. According to this objective function, a method of successive weighted average algorithm is used to search the optimal parameter. After these process, the model is calibrated. The studies show that the optimal parameter can always be found, and the relative error between the best parameter and real parameter is less than 10%.


Silent, stoic, ignored. The woman stands timidly behind her husband, eyes cast down, fixed on the fine, brown dust eternally embedded in her nails, a product of a lifetime of farming. As her husband signs the deed to sell the land she has grown to adore, a tear rolls down her time withered cheek, gradually cascading to the dirt below, the last mark she'll leave on the soil she has cultivated and nurtured for decades. Climbing reluctantly into the tiny wooden wagon, she grasps for any emotion at all, attempting to override the painful numbness in her heart. The burro lumbers clumsily down the lush, mountainous landscape, and the woman takes one final glance at the fertile soil of her farm, her tears forever permeating through the arid ground.


By using the theory of Local C-semigroups,the equivalent theorem and corollary about existing the uniqueness of weak solutions for Abstract Cauchy Problem are obtained.


A Darboux transformation is constructed for the generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system and the result is compared with the recent work of Geng and his collaborators [X. G. Geng et al., Phys. Rev. E 79, 056602 (2009) and X. G. Geng and G. L. He, J. Math. Phys. 51, 033514 (2010)]. It is shown that our Darboux transformation may be applied to three interesting reductions of the general system. In addition, the iteration of this Darboux transformation is worked out, and some solutions to the associated systems are obtained.


Scattering of radiation by a system on N quasi-point like dipoles located on a circle (equidistantly in the polar angle) in two spatial dimensions is considered. The coupling of the dipoles is taken into account exactly. A closed-form expression for the electric fields at the points where the dipoles are located is given via the partial wave decomposition. Scattering and focusing properties are investigated for both dielectric and metallic scatterers.


Security Management at the industries mainly during the night times at the oil field is a critical task for the security people. Checking for the oil thefting, power failure, temperature range checking, tilt checking of the tanks, leakage of oil by rotating the pump done by the thieves is a critical task for the security people. To improve the security level by implantation of wireless embedded technology will solve this problem. By reducing the manual power, at the site locations, and by improving the security level with the help of GSM based wireless technology which consist of transmitter (GSM modem) at the site location and receiver is the GSM mobile. Information transmitted by the GSM modem at the plant location will be sent to the respective person's mobile as a text message. The security people will take appropriate action according to the problem. For this we are used LPC2148 (ARM7) based microcontroller, which is the current dominant microcontroller in mobile based products and Software development tools as Keil, flash magic for loading hex file into the microcontroller.


Recently, the topological insulators (TIs) with topological surface states (TSS) exhibiting large spin–orbit torques (SOTs) in topological insulators/ferromagnetic (TIs/FM) systems have been a hot spot research in spintronics. Herein, the effective spin Hall angles ( θSHeff ) in perpendicularly magnetized Pt/Co/Bi2Se3 stacks with different thicknesses of the Bi2Se3 layers are investigated by the harmonic Hall resistance measurements. The results show that the θSHeff for the TIs/FM heterostructures is substantially larger than the previously reported heavy metal/ferromagnetic (HM/FM). Moreover, θSHeff keeps constant with the value around 0.35 in Pt/Co/Bi2Se3 stacks with the variation of the thickness of Bi2Se3 from 3.0 to 15.0 nm, indicating that the SOTs are mainly derived from the contribution of the TSS of Bi2Se3 rather than the interfacial Rashba effect and/or bulk spin Hall effect. The results confirm that TIs with unique spintronic texture can play a crucial role in spintronics applications.


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5915/30-1-16287 In the Glorious Qur'an, there are about 1153 out of a total 6236 (18.5%) Ayat (verses) that deal with different medical/scientific themes. We believe that the rationale behind those scientific references in the Glorious Qur'an is mainly to support the cause of faith especially in Allah All-Mighty and in the hereafter as there is a strong correlation(> 92%) between the principles of faith and these  Ayat . Actually in 86% of these Ayat there is one or more principle of faith in the same Ayah (verse) which has the scientific reference while in the remaining 14% of these Ayat , a principle of faith is stated in the Ayah that precedes and/or that follows. These principles of Iman (faith) are: Iman in Allah, the angels, the revealed books, the messengers, the hereafter, and destiny. This study demonstrated that the Qur'an is mainly a Book of Iman and Hidayah (guidance), but it is also a Book that encourages science and research. Presented at the 30th annual convention of the Islamic Medical Association of North America, July 26-August 1, 1997. Amman, Jordan


This paper investigates the turn-on and turn-off switching characterization of 1200V SiC MOSFET by double pulse tester. The experimental setup and measurement techniques are introduced in detailed for accuracy characterization of 1200V SiC MOSFET. Then the phase-leg circuit is built to analyze the switching behavior and gate driver performance at 600V-800V DC bus and high switching frequency. The solution of isolated gate driver power supply and detailed design considerations of low inter-winding capacitance gate driver power supply design is proposed for the 300kHz 10kW inverter. In a gate driver isolated power supply, the inter-winding parasitic capacitance plays a critical role in the mitigation of common mode noise currents created by fast voltage transient responses. The lower the transformer inter-winding capacitance, the more immune the power supply is to fast voltage transient responses. The prototype experimental results validate the design effectiveness for SiC MOSFET based 300kHz 10kW inverter.


As the localized varieties of English used around the world, World Englishes (WE) have attracted great scholarly interest over the past 40 years. Differing with the previous linguistically-oriented WE studies, Axel Bohmann takes a multifeature, cross-varietal perspective to linguistic variation across the globe in his book, Variation in English World-Wide: Registers and Global Varieties. With a large corpus of texts, the author presents a general overview of variation by demonstrating potential linguistic similarities and differences between international varieties of English, and challenges the importance of geography in mediating linguistic differences in WE research. This book is a timely addition to the study of linguistic variation in the buoyant field of WE. Researchers interested in WE will find it a useful source for gaining a deep understanding of empirical-linguistic accounts of differentiation in English variation. The book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 begins with an outline of the major theoretical and methodological issues on WE, aggregation-based linguistics and multidimensional (MD) analysis. The author points out WE are approached broadly from linguistic and national-historical perspectives after tracing the development of WE research. In terms of approach, the aggregation-based methods find productive application in the study of English variation, which incorporates patterns of co-variation among plenty of individual linguistic features. These practices take register variation as an agnostic position rather than an equal factor. In comparison to the former, the MD analysis places emphasis on the situational-functional context, and views linguistic differences as functions of different situations. Bringing such approaches together, a comprehensive analytical framework is employed to describe variation in geography and register. Chapter 2 presents an introduction to the extralinguistic determinants of structural variation across a range of communicative situations, focusing on geographic variation and register variation in WE. The author discusses the dominant theoretical models in investigating geographic relations, and further states that there is a disconnect between the level of theorizing and a lack of comprehensive accounts of differentiation. In addition to geography, this chapter addresses a confounding factor of register variation within the framework of MD analysis, which offers a complementary perspective to English register studies. This is followed by how geography and register interact in structuring linguistic variation. As the author puts it, a more accountable analytic perspective 'would be to quantify the influences of variety and register alongside each other' (p. 40). Chapter 3 compares different perspectives on the analysis and quantification of linguistic variation. The author provides explicit descriptions and comparisons of the Labovian study of language variation and change (LVC) as well as the text-linguistic perspective. Concerning the LVC, the paradigm is more suited for a detailed analysis of individual constraints and less attuned to overall characteristics. Compared with the Labovian paradigm, the text-linguistic perspective assumes more natural and intuitive to variation, which is suitable to give a holistic account of linguistic variation. After discussing two paradigms in isolation, the featureaggregation approaches associated with dialectometry and register analysis are explicitly presented. Finally, the focus is placed on the justification for the adoption of MD framework and the central methodological steps. Chapter 4 turns to the specific selection of corpus data, linguistic features and methodological parameters.


This study explored the suitability of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) obtained for six sugar management zones, over nine years (2002-2010), to forecast sugarcane yield on an annual and zonal base. To take into account the characteristics of the sugarcane crop management (15-month cycle for a ratoon, accompanied with continuous harvest in Western Kenya), the temporal series of NDVI was normalized through an original weighting method that considered the growth period of the sugarcane crop (wNDVI), and correlated it with historical yield datasets. Results when using wNDVI were consistent with historical yield and significant at P-value = 0.001, while results when using traditional annual NDVI integrated over the calendar year were not significant. This correlation between yield and wNDVI is mainly drawn by the spatial dimension of the data set (R 2 = 0.53, when all years are aggregated together), rather than by the temporal dimension of the data set (R 2 = 0.1, when all zones are aggregated). A test on 2012 yield estimation with this model realized a RMSE less than 5 t· ha −1 . Despite progress in the methodology through the weighted


The use of dyes in plant cytogenetics goes back many years, as research in the fields of cytology and histology has been constantly developed since the first cellular studies in the 19(th) century. Initially they were taken from plant or animal sources, and now they are produced synthetically on a commercial scale. These dyes are classified in fluorescent and non-fluorescent, according to their chemical properties and the choice of use is based on the type of cell structure or cell group to be analyzed. The diversity of types and chemical compounds available in different dyes provides their application in advanced and classical cytogenetics studies. A review of their chemical properties and use is presented for the non-fluorescent dyes orcein, hematoxylin, Giemsa, and carmine; and for the fluorescent dyes 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), chromomycin A (CMA), fluorescein, and rhodamine.


This paper presents a novel tunable waveguide bandpass filter by using microelectromechanical (MEMS) technology. The movable element driven by the U-shape electrothermal microactuator can perturb the electromagnetic distribution of the resonator and change its resonance frequency. The designed three-pole tunable rectangular waveguide bandpass filter using three tuning elements operating at 279.4 GHz achieves a tuning range about 3.6 GHz, with the insert loss less than 1 dB.


The invention relates to the technical field of P2P flow detection, and particularly to a P2P flow detecting system based on combination of flow statistical characteristics and fuzzy pattern recognition. The detecting process of the P2P flow detecting system particularly comprises the following detecting steps: a first step, acquiring a data packet, performing statistical analysis on the acquired data message through the acquired data packet; a second step, performing characteristic selection by means of an FCBF algorithm; and a third step, setting a model determining rule according to a maximum subordination principle, and according to the extracted flow characteristic, determining input modes according to a maximum subordination principle classifying method in fuzzy recognition, thereby classifying the input modes. According to the P2P flow detecting system, a fuzzy recognition model in an intelligent system is combined with the flow statistical characteristics of network data; and the fuzzy recognition model and the flow statistical characteristics of the network flow are applied in P2P flow detection, thereby realizing high feasibility and good recognition effect.


Objective To investigate the medical aid requirements of county hospitals in Guizhou to provide the evidence for corresponding assistance policy for the county-level hospitals.Methods Questionnaires according to medical aid requirements of county hospitals are investigated,trainees of first course to county-level hospital decision-makers in Guizhou are investigated,and all data are obtained,collected and analyzed.Results(1)The current medical aid model had some help for improving medical technology and management of county hospitals(75.73% and 63.43%),had much help(16.02% and 15.28%),and had no help for medical technology(8.25%)and management(21.29%).(2)The most popular contents of assistances were the medical technology(74.89%),training(83.12%) and management(61.04%).(3)The most popular trainings were selecting residents and doctors for further learning(57.14%) and study for undergraduate(45.95%) and master degree(39.19%).Conclusion The existing medical aid has some help for improving their medical technology and management,but still needs improvement.


The invention discloses a polylactic acid degrading enzyme with protein degrading activity prepared by fermentation and purification of strains of amycolatum sp. and amycolatopsis sp.; wherein the enzyme comprises a polylactic acid degrading enzyme I, a polylactic degrading enzyme II and a polylacic degrading enzyme III, said poly degrading enzyme I comprises a protein with an N-terminal amino acid sequence of IVGGGTAPTVSWGAQ or its mutant variation protein; the degrading enzyme II comprises a protein with an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO:3 or its mutant variation protein; the degrading enzyme III comprises a protein with an amino acid sequence shown as SEQ ID NO: 4 or its mutant variation protein. The degrading enzyme of the invention has a proteolysis activity, simultaneously has high-efficiency degradation capability for degradable plastics polylactic acid, not only applies to the traditional protease industries such as decontaminant, cosmetics, leather processing, but also has applications potential on the cyclic utilization of the polylactic acid producers and treatment of combined rubbish containing degradable plastics, hair and keratin or the like.


This study analyzes the development status of the marine tourism industry in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, including the development history and industrial distribution of the marine tourism industry. On this basis, the article further analyzes the demand for talents in the tourism industry in the Greater Bay Area, classifies marine tourism talents according to the types of enterprises, and systematically summarizes the characteristics of the demand for marine tourism talents in the Greater Bay Area. The research adopts the literature method and on-site investigation method to collect relevant data of the marine tourism industry in various regions of the Greater Bay Area, and on-site visits to representative tourism companies in various regions. The study found that the employment needs of the marine tourism industry in the Greater Bay Area are mainly concentrated at the grassroots level, and there are few marine tourism talents involving marine knowledge and skills. This situation will affect the quality of marine tourism services and product upgrades in the Greater Bay Area. In the future, a tourism education system suitable for the high-level development of the marine tourism industry should be gradually constructed to provide talent guarantee for the sustainable development of this industry.


Of the four skills in English, listening has long been undermined both in teaching and research in the field. The teaching method adopted in the listening class in Hong Kong is still very traditional and boring although numerous initiatives pertaining to English language teaching have been advocated in the current curriculum reform. The present study reports on a quasi-experiment conducted in a primary school in Hong Kong. The research questions are: Will the Integrative-Narrative Method make the English listening class more interesting and stimulating? Will the Integrative-Narrative Method enhance students' awareness of cognitive listening strategies? Will the Integrative-Narrative Method help to improve students' listening proficiency? The Experimental Group tries out a new method – the Integrative-Narrative Method, and the Comparison Group adopts the traditional method. Surveys and tests are employed to collect data, and statistical analyses (t-tests and ANCOVA) are performed. The findings drawing on the quantitative data affirm that the Integrative-Narrative Method is effective.


In mathematical morphology, the fixed structure elements cannot adapt to the whole image. The key to morphology is selecting suitable structure elements according to the different attributes of image. Aiming at fixed threshold and selecting main color component based on experience in color adaptive morphology, an automatic threshold selection criterion and a new adaptive color image morphology operator are presented in this paper. Both the local features of image and the distance between pixels are taken into consideration. The new operator keeps the correlation of color image and a new method of vector sorting based on the new operator is proposed. The structure elements can automatically adjust the size and shape according to the automatic threshold. The experiment results show the new operator preserves image details better and the color changes little.


Based on analysis of the construction strategy of urban safety chain management architecture function and main body, the model of urban emergency system network has been analyzed systematically in the paper. To the construction of urban emergency system, the importance of information and resource sharing among the main bodies of urban emergency management is emphasized.This paper offers the available strategy and methods for urban emergency system construction promotion.


Esophagogastric anastomotic leaks with inflammatory involvement of the trachea-bronchial tree is one of the most difficult complication after esophagectomy. We report a case of anastomotic leak with a huge fistula connecting the esophagus, posterior mediastinum, and left main bronchus. The condition was successfully treated with a deltopectoral flap, T-tube drainage, and hy-perbaric oxygen therapy. Based on our preliminary experience, we believed that HBO therapy could be considered to be included in the treatment of tracheo-esophageal fistula, especially when the lesion is large or complicated and difficult to treat completely with conventional interventions.


We present a self-consistent quantum optics approach to calculating the surface-enhanced Raman spectrum of molecules coupled to arbitrarily shaped plasmonic systems. Our treatment is intuitive to use, provides fresh analytical insight into the physics of the Raman scattering near metallic surfaces, and can be applied to a wide range of geometries including resonators, waveguides, and hybrid photonic–plasmonic systems. Our general theory demonstrates that the detected Raman spectrum originates from an interplay between nonlinear light generation and propagation (which also includes the effects of optical quenching). Counterintuitively, at the nonlinear generation stage, we show that the Stokes (anti-Stokes) signal at the molecule location depends on the plasmonic enhancements, through the projected local density of photon states (LDOS), at the anti-Stokes (Stokes) frequency. However, when propagating from the vibrating molecule to the far field, the Stokes (anti-Stokes) emission experiences a plasmonic enh...


CASE DESCRIPTION
A 13-year-old llama was examined because of lethargy, inappetence, and syncope.

CLINICAL FINDINGS
Physical examination revealed muffled heart and lung sounds and peripheral edema. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included lymphopenia, hyperglycemia, prerenal azotemia, mild hyponatremia, mild hypoalbuminemia, and high gamma-glutamyltransferase and creatine kinase activities. On ultrasonography, the liver appeared hyperechoic and ascites and pleural effusion were seen. Echocardiography revealed severe dilatation of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary artery; severe tricuspid regurgitation; and high right ventricular systolic pressure consistent with right-sided heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Treatment with furosemide was attempted, but because of failing health, the llama was euthanized 4 weeks later. Macronodular cirrhosis of the liver, glomerulonephritis, and intimal fibrosis and medial hypertrophy of muscular pulmonary arteries were seen on histologic examination of postmortem specimens.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings in this case were similar to those reported for human patients with portopulmonary hypertension secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to hepatic disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right-sided heart failure.


A new signal integrity verification method of integrated circuit interconnects with asynchronous circuit switching is presented. A ramp input is modeled with delayed step inputs. Then signal transient variations due to asynchronous input signal switching are accurately as well as efficiently determined by using traveling-wave-based waveform approximation (TWA) technique. It is shown that using 90nm technology, the signal timing and crosstalk of multi-coupled lines with asynchronous switching inputs have an excellent agreement with SPICE simulation but its computation time is several thousand times faster than that of SPICE simulation using generic segment-based RLC circuit model


TH E development of virgin country for farming by the Lands and Survey Department started in New Zealand nearly forty years ago. From modest beginnings, when taken over in the early thirties from the Department of Agriculture, and with increasing experience through the years, the work has been greatly accelerated. Today, it is widespread in both islands on such a scale that, in total, it represents the largest farm development ever undertaken in the history of New Zealand. In spite of its size and cost, this large national undertaking is self supporting. The initial costs of acquiring land, the breaking-in and conversion of it to commercial farming are found by the State. The financial return from the farming of the many Land Development blocks and ultimate subdivision and sale to new settlers pays for the whole undertaking and it therefore does not become a burden on the taxpayer. The Lands and Survey Department also undertake, by agreement,.the development of some of the virgin land under the jurisdiction of the Department of Maori Affairs. In the late 194Os, the Department turned its attention to the very large areas of idle and semi-idle land in Northland. Much of this was in its native state, covered with bush, scrub, fern and second growth. A considerable area had been repeatedly burnt off and was full of weeds such as gorse, blackberry and rushes. Many of these idle areas were regarded as third-class land, thought to be of little if any value for farming, and too difficult and costly to develop. No land development on the scale planned by the Department had ever been attempted before in Northland. Initially, there was little information available about the best methods of clearing, cultivation, or weed control, the correct quantities of lime, fertilizer and trace elements needed, the most suitable pasture mixtures to sow, the possibilities of cropping, availability of water supplies, cost of fencing, the class of motive power needed for many


Under the harmonious background,the development of the city is not merely economic growth,the more important things are the humane development and the progress in social moral level,so the whole promotion of urban quality becomes an essential problem.Humane spirit means that the value of the urban quality is pursued.The urban quality of harmonious society includes two respects,the urban quality served as the social public field and the one reflecting the characteristic of the time,including united,just,tolerant,innovating,devoting and opening. The inportant way to the promotion of urban quality is just the construction of moral culture.


Alliance member, Tearfund, has joined other Christian charities led by Alliance council member Ruth Valerio, to welcome the General Synod's debate on climate change and the environment..


61 F&H the 1968 student movement, offering analyses of Die Unberuhrbare (Roehler, 2000) Die innere Sicherheit (Petzold, 2000), Die fetten Jahre sind vorbei (Weingartener, 2004), and Muxmauschenstill (Mittermeier, 2004). By contrast, chapters 9 and 10 focus on the Nazi past and on issues of Vergangenheitsbewaltigung (the struggle to come to terms with the past) through the gente of comedy, thereby challenging accepted notions of "Holocaust etiquette" Florentine Strzelczyk by examining Schtonk! (Dietl, 1992) and Peter Golz in his discussion of Mein Fuhrer Die wirkliche wahrste Wahrheit uber Adolf Hitler (Levy, 2007). The final chapters, 11 through 14 (not counting Pichler's contribution, which is afforded its own heading: "An Insider's View"), are grouped as "Questioning Collective Identities." (The identities constructed in these chapters are defined by religion, geography, and sexuality.) In the first of these, Myriam Leger complicates the question of Vergangenheitsbewaltigung further in her discussion of Ein ganz gewohnlicher Jude (Hirschbiegel, 2006), examining the contemporaty German opposition of J ewishness and Germanness" (203) depicted therein . Chapters 12 and 13, by Jakub Kazecki and Michael Zimmerman respectively, examine the geographic implications of nation. Kazecki applies border studies to a number of contemporaty films to explore German-Polish relations. Zimmerman offers a close reading of Brudermord (Arslan, 2005) ro examine "representations of the effects of globalization and transnational migration" (225) regarding Turkish immigrants in Germany. Finally, in chapter 14, Alice Kuzniar looks at two films, Kleine Freiheit (Yavuz, 2003) and Fremde Haut (Maccatone, 2005), to explore the relationship between globalization and queer studies. The diversity of the essays constituting Cinema and Social Change in Germany and Austria is a testament to the rich and diverse cinematic landscape of both countries. In collecting these essays here, Mueller and Skidmore challenge their readers not only to expand their understanding of the national cinema of both countries, but also how we might reimagine the concept of "nation" the 21" centuty.