Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common childhood disability. CP can impact a person's motor control, perception, intellectual function, ability to perform daily activities and participation in society. Persons with CP frequently have impaired hand function affecting motor activities. Usually improving motor activities require frequent and intense use of the affected hand. Importantly, biofeedback, where a person receives information about their body state can help improve function by informing the individual to how their body is moving. This type of information can readily be delivered through interactive computer play (ICP) technologies, that is where one interacts with virtual objects using therapeutic movements, to motivate highly repetitive practice at home.In this thesis an evidence-based biofeedback strategy is identified by systematic review and embedded into a novel ICP technology via co-creation with individuals with CP and clinicians. Feasibility of the resulting technology is evaluated by 19 young people with CP during a 1-month home-based intervention.The systematic review showed generally positive but very low quality of evidence due to the number of non-controlled studies and the heterogeneity of outcome measures. While interventions consistently showed improvements in measures of motor activity pre-post-intervention, they frequently implemented characteristics of biofeedback incongruent with motor learning principles expected to facilitate sustained results. Interventions using biofeedback would be improved by using a strategy that facilitates self-regulation, varies in timing and presentation, and closely connects the game and movement goals.The co-creation process described in this thesis resulted in design recommendations and practical tools for integrating biofeedback into therapy games. These are compiled in an infographic and detailed in tables to support interdisciplinary knowledge sharing with different audiences. Participant use of the biofeedback implementation proved efficient (i.e. participants reduced compensatory arm movements by 10.2±4.0%), effective (i.e. participants made higher quality gestures over time) and engaging (i.e. participants reviewed biofeedback 65.4±22.4% of the time). Participants found the game usable and enjoyable. Home-based calibration showed good agreement with video verified true labels (0.86 ± 0.11, 95%CI = 0.93 - 0.97). Across participants, classifier accuracy in the target therapeutic gesture was 0.91±0.07, 95%CI = 0.87 - 0.94 (0.80±0.14, 95%CI = 0.73 - 0.87 and 0.75±0.23, 95%CI = 0.64 - 0.86 in secondary gestures). Features expected to be sensitive to neuromotor signs of CP were significant contributors to classification and correlated with practice wrist extension improvement.Evaluation of the a priori feasibility success criteria showed that the 1-month home-based intervention protocol was feasible with minor modifications. Recruitment response (31%) and assessment completion (84%) rates were good and 74% of participants reached self-identified practice goals and 83% of technical issues were resolved immediately. Moderate effects were observed in Body Function measures (active wrist extension: SMD = 1.82, 95%CI = 0.85 – 2.78; Grip Strength: SMD = 0.63, 95%CI = 0.65 – 1.91; Box and Blocks: Hedge's g = 0.58, 95%CI = -0.11 – 1.27) and small-moderate effects in Activities and Participation measures (AHA: Hedge's g = 0.29, 95%CI = -0.39 – 0.97, COPM: r = 0.60, 95%CI = 0.13 – 0.82, SEAS: r = 0.24, 95%CI = -0.25 – 0.61). A definitive RCT is warranted following improvements in technical robustness and increased clinician involvement in the protocol.This thesis provides strategies and practical tools to enhance the efficacy of ICP technologies as a home-based support to manual therapy activities.


Engineering![Figure][1]

Tough cyanoacrylate hydrogels bond within minutes.

PHOTO: SOFT ELECTRONICS LABORATORY/LINZ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Soft electronic devices, including electronic skin, adaptive lenses, and stretchable batteries, are made possible through the use of tough, water-laden


A method of antenna array calibration, based on the using of the recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive filtering algorithms is discussed. The matrix inversion lemma, the QR-decomposition and the Householder transform based RLS algorithms with quadratic computational complexity can be used for the method implementation in the narrowband adaptive arrays. The proposed calibration method is used in the antenna arrays with digital beam forming. The method demonstrates the ability to estimate and compensate the channel gain errors that ensures the average deviation of the calibrated array radiation pattern shape relatively the radiation pattern shape of the ideal array about –20 dB.


Discrete mathematics is a professionally basic course in computer science and technical specialty,which can develop students' ability of logical reasoning,symbolic calculus,and general summarization.It is also the basis for follow-up study of some computer courses.There are some problems in traditional discrete mathematics teaching,such as,improper teaching objectives,simple content arrangement,singly teaching method,which made the students' low enthusiasm in study and affect the quality of teaching.In the teaching process,we should be clear teaching objectives,select teaching content,reform teaching methods and add practices,and focus on training the students' ability of solving practical problems.


The invention relates to method for configuring a mobile terminal (MT), in which in the mobile terminal (MT) a basic configuration (BK, BK2) for use of the mobile terminal (MT) (in different established communication networks KNx, x = 1, 2, KN2;; KN3) is changed in the communication networks by means of a change, including data (DK1, wherein the basic configuration (BK, BK2) for use of the mobile terminal (MT) in a given communications network (KN1 3, ...) is set, DK2 ) for one (for the particular network KN1; KN2, KN3) specific configuration (K-KN1; K-KN2; K-KN3) MT) can be loaded (in the mobile terminal, and wherein the change during use of the mobile terminal (MT) in the particular communication network (KN1; KN2, KN3) remains available. Accordingly, a suitable mobile terminal and a correspondingly configured mobile network are proposed.


Using the Holstein–Primakoff boson realization of spin operators we can identify the binomial state with a particular spin coherent state. In so doing some properties of spin coherent states can be derived by simply using the binomial state. The displaced binomial state is introduced and its completeness relation is examined. That the concept of the binomial state can be extended to two-mode case is pointed out.


Background: Ingestion of excess fluoride more than 1 ppm (parts per million) continuously in an endemic area causes fluorosis, a chronic disease due to fluoride intoxication. Fluorosis affects teeth, bone and non skeletal soft tissues in the body. Ingestion of 4 ppm of fluoride in a rural endemic area causes skeletal fluorosis and the clinical findings are analyzed and submitted Materials And Methods: Sengotur an endemic village for fluoride in Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India has been chosen for examination of patients with skeletal fluorosis. Estimation of fluoride in two wells from which the patients drink water was analyzed by iron selective electrode and it was found that the fluoride level of water in one well is 7.5 ppm and another well 5.2ppm. Patients were examined clinically for their appearance, movements of head, rigidity of neck; alterations in the chest, like scoliosis, movements of extremities, walking were examined clinically for a total number of 60 persons with 38 males and 22 females. Results: Rigidity of Neck and Restricted Movements of Skull, Kyphosis of thoracic vertebrae, Scoliosis in the chest, bending downwards to see the floor without seeing the sky, criss cross walking, Joint pains in the upper and lower extremities, Genuvarum with bowing of leg, Crippling state of patient without movement, Paraesthesia and Paraplegia are the findings recorded Conclusion: The study has revealed characteristic of skeletal changes which could be used as clinical diagnostic markers of skeletal fluorosis differentiating from all other osteodystrophies


With an ever growing importance of human activity on internet, World Wide Web is growing rapidly and number of users is increasing day by day to access web page. By this, the results have heavy network traffic and server load etc. To overcome these problems, proxy server caching is one of the solution . Proxy caching speeds up the service requests by retrieving the saved web pages from an earlier request through the same node or even other nodes. Many researcher have done their work in the field of proxy caching. I have proposed an innovative replacement algorithmof page for proxy server caching i.e. called Mark Page Detect Randomly Proxy Caching (MPDRC) algorithm. The MPDRC algorithm increases the hit rate on proxy server cache. With the help of proposed innovative page replacement algorithm, the performance of proxy se rver caching has been improved.


Abstract Freezing temperatures, desiccation and high levels of solar radiation make the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet one of Earth's harshest habitats. However, our study in the Vestfold Hills area of East Antarctica shows that favourable conditions for microbial production become established just beneath the surface of blue-ice areas, which collectively cover about 2% of the ice-sheet periphery. Their translucent, wind-polished surface allows solar heating to create meltwater in a greenhouse-type environment at depths of up to 1 m. Melting is intensified around dark debris particles, or cryoconite, where we found microbiological activity to be greatest. Rates of photosynthesis (average 2060 ng C (g cryoconite)−1 d−1) were adapted to low light intensities (∼10% of surface irradiance values) and most likely dominated by cyanobacteria and Chloroplastida. A heterotrophic bacterial community was also found to be active within the cryoconite, although average bacterial growth rates (5.7 ng C (g cryoconite)−1 d−1) were far lower than average community respiration (1870 ng C (g cryoconite)−1 d−1). The majority of the respired carbon was most likely associated with the autotrophs and several protists. Therefore, blue-ice areas constitute oases for microbial life around the periphery of Earth's coldest ice sheet.


The paper presents an overall modelling approach for piezoelectric smart leight-weight structures to actively reduce vibration and noise.This approach includes the coupled mechanical, electric and acoustic field eqations, which are numerically solved by a combined FEM-BEM approach. Control can also be integrated into the final modelling approach. The paper shows that the already attached piezoelectric patches can additionally be used to monitor the health of the structure. For this purpose a piezoelectric patch is excited with high frequency Lamb waves, which interact very sensitive with structural damages. The changes in the signals received at piezoelectric patches can be used to identify the size and the position of structural damages.


Biotechnology has become one of the most promising and important technologies for the development of innovation in agriculture. The economic importance of the invested resources justifies that innovators ask for an adequate means of protection to compensate their efforts. There are two possible ways of protection of the developments in plant innovation: A sui generis system born in the middle of last century in order to protect the results of traditional breeding processes, on the one hand; and the patentability of plant inventions which normally are the result of biotechnological processes which operate at the cellular level. The coexistence of these two systems of protection in the European Union causes some frictions which have to be solved, not only by the legislator, but also by the courts and the patent offices when they apply the law to a constantly evolving reality.


Andrew Bloomfield, and his twin sister Victoria, were born on May 6, 1968 in Auckland, New Zealand. The following year, the family moved to Guelph, Ontario. It became apparent from the time Andrew was 14 months old that he differed considerably from his twin sister, and he was subsequently diagnosed with autism when he was four years old. As a result, he lived away from his family for much of his early life in order to participate in programs for autistic people. Andrew found this very difficult, but also made some significant progress. He became able to relate to and care for his dog, and was able to express his thoughts with Augmentative and Alternative Communication, especially using Supported Typing. His twin sister Victoria was an important person in his life, and her untimely death in a car accident in 1996 devastated him. However, his network of friends and family have provided immense support and helped him build a fulfilling and meaningful life. In 2004 Andrew founded a group of other adult communicators who "type to talk" which he named "Bridges-Over-Barriers". They meet monthly in Guelph and contributed to the 2010 volume with accompanying documentary film on DVD. He lives in his own home in Guelph, guaranteed by a housing trust, and has written several books, including an autobiography, Bridges over Barriers in My Life with Autism.


Photocopy of an early business directory for Denton County, including business advertisements and information regarding updates in the county circa 1894.


On a summer drive in 2016, my son and I (K.T.A.) happily chatted about his planned activities for the day while he attended camp. As we listened to the news on the car radio, we were silenced and horrified to hear about the second killing of a young African American man in as many days. We both started crying, and I asked my son, "How do you feel?" He responded somberly, "I am sad Mama... and afraid. I do not feel safe. This [country] does not feel like it is my home." That exchange is now a prominent, recurrent experience embedded in our minds and hearts. We are dealing with police shootings resulting in publicly witnessed deaths of mostly African American men and women, deaths of Dallas police officers serving and protecting their communities, and "not guilty" verdicts for the 2015 police shooting of a young African American woman in Los Angeles and the 2015 death of Freddie Gray while in Baltimore police custody. We are also witnessing a rise in racial discord and violence after the November 2016 political elections. My son's words that day now echo within many children of color who feel unsafe, afraid, angry, anxious, and sad. Professionally, I am a psychologist and population health scientist. I am also a mother to 2 African American children—a preadolescent boy and an adolescent girl. I too fear for their well-being.


This research was supported by funds from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of the Spanish Government; Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) Project No. PSI2016‐77676‐P.


Career Development Strategy The Dynamic Nature of Career Management Building the Business Case Developing Career Self-Reliance Amongst Your Talent Developing Key Roles The Practicalities of Organizational Processes Strategic Career Development in Practice Integrating and Evaluating Your Strategy


The vertical structure equation (VSE) is solved by a Galerkin method as used by Kasahara.The sensitivity of the vertical decomposition to the truncation order of the Legendre polynomialsseries is studied, with the aim of finding an adequate truncation order for a given data set.Obtained results show that: (1) the vertical scale decomposition presents little sensitivity to thetruncation order; (2) the order of truncation may be greater than the number of discrete levelsin the data set. It is finally shown that the proposed choice of truncation order may overcomethe problem of aliasing in the higher internal modes. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1999.t01-1-00001.x


In German administrative law,"public facility" is a non-profit administrative body to provide specific social services,of which German public university is one typical type.According to the theory of "public facilities",the public universities in Germany are in the implementation of national monitoring and university autonomy;and the higher education relationship is a special power relationship under the safeguard of basic rights;and rule-making within the school should follow the law retainment principle and the proportion principle.The "public facility" management style of German universities has an important significance for reference in aspects of clarifying the legal status of universities and regulating internal rule-making power in universities.


As a result of recent trends Norwegian development research has changed significantly. The thematic focus is broader and a broader spectrum of disciplines is involved. This means that development research should no longer be seen as a special niche, but as an integrated part of the Norwegian research community and, as such, an important contributor to the internationalisation and globalization of Norwegian research and to a more global research agenda. These trends make development research more relevant not only to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but also to other ministries who in turn could—or should—be willing to provide funds for such research. Globalisation and its consequences for development research has been an important topic for discussion in the Research Council of Norway. The article gives a brief introduction to the tasks and strategies of the Research Council as a government adviser, funding agency and network builder within the field of development research. Focus is on research priorities, funding issues and mechanisms for supporting research.


The invention discloses an updating method, an updating device and an updating facility, and belongs to the technical field of computers. The method comprises the steps of: detecting whether application program in a first routing device in at least two routing devices needs updating; when the application program in the first routing device needs updating, obtaining updating files needed by update of the application program through a communication link between the second routing device of the at least two routing devices and a server; sending the updating files to the first routing device. According to the updating method, a terminal obtains the updating files needed by the update of the application program through the communication link between the second routing device and the server, so that flux of a communication card in the first routing device is not consumed, and the flux of the communication card in the first routing device is also not consumed during a data interaction process of the terminal and the first routing device; and therefore, the flux of the communication card in the first routing device is saved during the updating process of the application program in the first routing device.


The disequilibrium between traffic supply and demand leads to unbalanced traffic flow in urban transportation networks. By analyzing the mutual influence between the traveler route selection and signal timing, a bi-level program model is proposed in order to optimize transportation network efficiency. In light of the similarity between the game theory and the bi-level program, some simple changes are made for the purpose of simplifying the computation of the problem. Finally, a practical network is designed to validate the bi-level program model. Results indicate that the model can improve road network efficiency and decrease vehicle delays.


Compared to present reactors, modern nuclear power plant concepts are based on materials which can be operated at higher temperatures and up to higher neutron doses. Oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels – produced by mechanical alloying – with chromium contents of 9 and 14 wt. % (or even more) are typical candidate materials. Y2O3 has proven to be an excellent oxide for strengthening steels in order to improve several mechanical properties. Since Y2O3 is one of the most stable oxides, it has superior properties for nano-oxide-particle formation and stability. The aim of the work presented here, is to look for alternative oxides for ODS steel. These alternatives may provide better mechanical properties when combined with Y2O3, and added to the ferritic ODS alloy.


Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a strategic and, in case of long distances, more economical alternative for pipeline natural gas. LNG is seen as the only alternative for diesel fuel for heavy duty transport (trucks, ships), with a better CO 2 footprint and less noise produced by the engine. To enable the large scale roll-out of LNG as a transport fuel, a well established metrological infrastructure for LNG has to be realized. Within the framework of the EMRP Joint research Project ENG60 "Metrology for LNG" (LNG II), a number of metrological challenges are faced. The goals are to provide traceable mass and volume flow calibrations up to 400m 3 LNG/h, to improve and validate sampling techniques for composition measurements, to improve the measurement of the LNG density and to prepare and validate an algorithm for the determination of the methane number. This paper gives an overview of the objectives that have been achieved and it provides an outlook to future activities that will be performed within a.o. the EMPIR 16ENG09 LNG III project.


A hollow‐bore ridge waveguide technique for phase locking arrays of coupled CO2 rf excited waveguide lasers was demonstrated. Stable phase‐locked operation of two‐ and three‐channel arrays has been demonstrated at the 50 W output level. Preliminary experiments with a five‐element array generated an output power of 95 W but phase‐locked operation was not conclusively demonstrated.


Abstract This study has prepared three models with two different types of ventilation systems including a natural ventilation system with a solar chimney installed, a mechanical ventilation system equipped with a fan which has a volume flow rate of 0.736 m3/min, and one type of natural condition that depends only on infiltration. The ventilation performance of each model was then measured and evaluated by analyzing the amount of concentration change of HCHO and TVOC. The results of this analysis showed that the concentration reduction rate of HCHO and TVOC were 38.9% and 68.4%, respectively, in the natural ventilation system that had a solar chimney, while concentrations were 31.5% and 64.9%, respectively, in the mechanical ventilation system that was equipped with a fan.


The relative dissociation fractions to produce the fragments of CF4 molecule are studied under the impact of 15 keV to 30 keV H−, C− and O− negative ions. By using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, the recoil ions and ion pairs originating from the target molecule CF4 are detected and identified in coincidence with scattered ions in q = 0 and q = +1 charge states. The fractions for the production of the fragment ions are obtained relative to the CF 3 + yield, while that of the ion pairs relative to the (C+, F+) coincidence yield.


Abstract : Changing times have brought with them new definitions of security threats and national interests. Within the military establishment, these changes have especially affected the Army. Thus, the Army is increasingly seeing the need for involvement in operations short of war. The recently approved final draft of FM 100-20, Military Operations in Low-Intensity Conflict, acknowledges these challenges and presents an umbrella concept for the implementation of such operations. The manual also recognizes that the nature of the conflicts, as well as emerging demographics, require a force able to operate in an urban environment. Optimally, this force is a security force, composed of police, paramilitary, and military organizations, and according to FM 100-20, is used only within the confines of a higher internal defense strategy. Unfortunately, the U.S. Army has little experience on which to base actual implementation of such doctrine.


Summary The results of an experiment using different thinning grades on Pinus pinaster in the Cape Midlands are described and briefly discussed. It is concluded that thinning, while unable to increase the total volume production of which a site is capable, can greatly affect the way in which that volume is produced. It is further concluded that the heavier grade of thinning is more profitable than the lighter grades.


Adults and juvenile rainbow trout exposed for 21 d to sublethal levels of zinc or cadmium exhibited significant changes in their respective incipient lethal levels (ILL). Acclimation resulted in exposure‐dependent changes in both tolerance (ILL concentration) and resistance (time to ILL) in both size classes of fish for each metal. The ILLs for adult rainbow trout exposed to zinc increased from 695 μg/L at 131 h for nonacclimated fish to 2,025 μ/L at 168 h for fish previously exposed to 0.5 ILL (324 μg/L zinc). The ILLs for cadmium‐exposed fish increased from 6 μg/L at 187 h for nonacclimated fish to 122 μg/L at 266 h for fish acclimated to 0.5 ILL (10.2 μg/L cadmium). Similar, although somewhat less dramatic, acclimation responses were observed for juveniles with both zinc and cadmium. Juveniles were found to be approximately three times less sensitive to the toxic effects of the metals than were adult fish.


The present study aimed to examine how long‐term migration to high‐altitude regions affects mentality and cognition, and the correlation with various physiological and biochemical changes.


27 bronze objects of the Western Zhou were unearthed in early 2003 in Mei County, Shaanxi. Each object was cast with epigraphic characters, recording Chan Lai and familial history. Both the characters and the topics covered were rare in years. The Lai-tripods of the years of 42 and 43 are complete with chronological records by the year and by the month, " lunar phases" , and the chronological records of the Ten Celestial Stems and Twelve Earthly Branches. Thus the Lai-ware constitutes one of the most significant discoveries since the Xia-Shang-Zhou Division Project was initiated, and can serve as a test for or a challenge to the initial findings of the Project. The complete lineage of Western Zhou kings as recorded on the Lai-plates has never been seen in other Western Zhou relics. Lai-ware will play an important role in Xia-Shang-Zhou studies.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is insufficient thickness of the metal film to fill the sub-half-micron aperture to deposit on the substrate to provide a method of filling apertures on the substrate, then , annealing the substrate in a low pressure chamber at a temperature lower than the melting point of the deposited metal film. The present invention forms a planarized film to cover the void-free aperture by chemical vapor depositing a metal film on annealed film.


The essay considers the semantic of power in Simenon's work and the continuity between the Maigret novels and his romans durs.


Background The development of accurate measurement techniques to detect risk factors for common injuries should be of concern to health care professionals. Objective To determine the contribution of a fatigue protocol to a risk factor screening test for the development of exertional medial tibial pain(EMTP). Design 3D kinematic parameters were prospectively evaluated during a single leg drop jump (SLDJ) in both non-fatigued and fatigued state. Setting: Female students in physical education were tested at the beginning of their first academic year and followed throughout 1–2 years. Participants 69 healthy female students were included in the study. Risk factor assessment Cox regression analysis was used to identify the potential risk of dynamic joint instability in the development of EMTP. Main outcome measurements It was hypothesized that dynamic joint instability in frontal and transverse plane might play a role in the development of EMTP. Results 21 subjects were diagnosed with EMTP. The results identified that for the leg at risk in non-fatigued state, only increased range of motion in the transverse plane (ROMT) of the hip during landing (P=.002) could be identified. In the fatigued state, increased ROMT of hip (P=.038) and pelvis (P=.040) during landing and increased ROMT of thorax (P=0036) during push-off could be determined. For the leg not at risk for EMTP, increased ROMT for the knee (P=.023) during landing and decreased ROMT for the pelvis (P=.034) during push-off were determined. These significant parameters could no longer be determined in the fatigued state. Conclusions It can be concluded that adding a fatigue protocol to the SLDJ enhances the possibility to identify the leg at risk in a predisposed female athlete and determine the proximal risk factors for that leg at risk more thoroughly.


Abstract S-Carboxymethylated calf thymus histone III was hydrolyzed with chymotrypsin, and a number of pure peptides were isolated. These peptides provided many overlaps with tryptic peptides, completed portions of the sequence not obtained earlier, and served to confirm other parts of the sequence.


We explored the sensitivity and selectivity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) treated paper as a generic SERS diagnostic platform to identify and quantify low concentrations of a speci c (bio)analyte in aqueous solutions. The effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) concentration on their adsorption and aggregation states on paper were explored. The surface coverage of AuNPs on paper scaled linearly with their concentration pro le in solutions. The SERS performances of the AuNPstreated papers were evaluated with a model Raman molecule, 4aminothiophenol (4ATP), and their SERS intensities increased linearly with the density of AuNPs on paper. To increase the SERS sensitivity, the retention and aggregation state of nanoparticles on paper was controlled by pretreating paper with a series of cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) solutions. The CPAM pretreated paper produced a more uniform distribution of AuNPs compared to untreated paper. Higher surface coverage and aggregation of AuNPs on paper were favoured by CPAM solutions of higher concentration, 25770.indb 967 15/08/2013 12:48 Preferred citation: Y.H. Ngo, W.L. Then and G. Garnier. Gold nanoparticles paper as Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) platform for bio-diagnostic applications. In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research, Cambridge 2013, Trans. of the XVth Fund. Res. Symp. Cambridge, 2013, (S.J. I'Anson, ed.), pp 967–989, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376/frc.2013.2.967. Ying Hui Ngo, Whui Lyn Then and Gil Garnier 968 Session 9: Novel Applications charge density and molecular weight. The optimized AuNPsCPAM paper showed a higher sensitivity and Raman enhancement factor (EF), which was almost an order of magnitude higher than the untreated AuNPs paper. After the SERS sensitivity towards the detection of model Raman molecule (4ATP) was proven, the SERS selectivity of AuNPs paper was demonstrated by functionalizing the AuNPs with a model biomolecule platform consisting of biotin/ streptavidin assemblies for the detection of antibodyantigen binding. The modi cation of antibody local structure due to the interaction with antigen was detected. Evidence of antigen binding was elucidated from the SERS spectra, con rming the presence of antigen. Reproducible spectra features were observed for the functionalized AuNP papers which were exposed to different concentration of antigen; the spectra intensity increased as a function of antigen concentration. The sensitivity and selectivity of AuNPs paper substrates as a lowcost and generic SERS platform for biodiagnostic application was demonstrated.


This paper presents a 2d finite-element analysis for a 33-kV, three-phase, three-core cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) underground cable (UGC) straight joint of the heat shrink type. The aim of this work is to show how the joint design parameters and different defects affect the electric field distribution, and find optimum material properties to enhance the lifetime of cable joints. This is investigated by calculating the electric field distributions and showing how the optimized selection of joint material properties can reduce the localized high electric field to avoid partial discharge activities. Several design parameters are investigated such as insulation layer's thickness and relative permittivity, and termination angles of ferrule and its insulation. In addition, size and location of different defects such as air voids, water droplets, sharp tips and delamination are examined. The paper concludes important points for proper design of medium-voltage (MV) cable joints to enhance their lifetime and hence increase the reliability of such cable systems.


In the context of sustainable buildings, this paper investigates power flow management for an isolated DC microgrid and focuses on efficiency and energy cost reduction by optimal scheduling. Aiming at high efficiency, the local produced power has to be used where, when, and how it is generated. Thus, based on photovoltaic sources, storage, and a biofuel generator, the proposed DC microgrid is coupled with the DC distribution network of the building. The DC bus distribution maximizes the efficiency of the overall production-consumption system by avoiding some energy conversion losses and absence of reactive power. The isolated DC microgrid aims to minimize the total energy cost and thus, based on forecasting data, a cost function is formulated. Using a mixed integer linear programming optimization, the optimal power flow scheduling is obtained which leads to an optimization-based strategy for real-time power balancing. Three experimental tests, operated under different meteorological conditions, validate the feasibility of the proposed control and demonstrate the problem formulation of minimizing total energy cost.


The report by Schneider and Hebert,1"Subcutaneous Gas From Hydrogen Peroxide Administration Under Pressure," encourages us to speak out on certain practices commonly utilized in the preparation of open wounds. While some object to "pressurized anything," we do not. We find the surgical version of the Water Pik (Teledyne Aqua Tec, Fort Collins, Colo) to be indispensable in cleaning asphalt particles out of deep road rashes, and for garden-variety lacerations, we teach that 20 mL of saline solution ejected forcefully through a 21-gauge needle does a better job of cleaning a wound than 2 L of saline solution down the tube. Our objection is to putting antiseptic agents, specifically hydrogen peroxide or povidone iodine, onto living tissue. WhileUnited States Pharmacopeiahydrogen peroxide (3%) diluted 1:1 seems to do little harm to oropharyngeal mucosa as a mouthwash and even undiluted hydrogen peroxide does not appear to harm a healing


In accordance with the present invention an anode facing surface and has a cathode facing surface has a separator main body having a path (236) of electrically conductive material in the electrode contact area 236, the two solid oxide fuel cell of the fuel cell for use between 210 It discloses a gas separator (212). In the first aspect, the electrically conductive material preferably comprises the metaphors Li compound containing 15 to 30% by weight of the glass. The material of the separator main body in this aspect is preferably zirconia (zirconia) is the (silver) is sterling silver (純銀) of the commercial, it is a mixture or a silver alloy. In yet another embodiment, the separator material of the body is a zirconia, the electrically conductive material is or are formed on including a series material, and the nickel coating is preferably an electrode contact area of the side positive electrode opposed with Ag undercoat 236 and, coating the Ag-Sn alloy is formed on the electrode contact area 236 of the cathode surface. Fuel cell bipolar plate, an electrically conductive material


The Cultural Influence on CSR : An In-depth Analysis of The Relationship Between Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Different Types of CSR Engagements


Wedescribestudiesofnewnanostructured materials consistingofcarbonnanotubeswrapped in sequential coatings of two different semiconducting polymers, namely, poly(3hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(9,9 0 -dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). Using


Interleukin-22 (IL-22),a novel cytokine identified in 2000,was secreted by T lhelper 22(Th22) cells.It is now known that the target cells of IL-22 mainly include epithelial cells,pancreatic cells and hepatocytes.IL-22 exerts its functions by activation of JAK-STAT3 signal pathway,followed by up-regulation a variety of genes which associate with tissue repair,angiogenesis,chemokine generation and fibrosis.So IL-22plays an important role in infection immunity,tissue repair,liver inflammation and tumorigenesis.Regarding to the liver,most of the evidence supported that IL-22 plays a protective role in preventing hepatocyte damage,and also some studies show that IL-22 acts as a pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting factor in some disase processes.The purpose of this review was to describes the function of Interleukin-22 in hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Key words:
IL-22 ;  Hepatitis;  Hepatocellular carcinoma


Copper is one of the main alloying elements for aluminum casting alloys. As an alloying element, copper significantly increases the tensile strength and toughness of alloys based on aluminum. The copper content in the industrial casting aluminum alloys ranges from 3,5 to 11 wt.%. However, despite the positive effect on the mechanical properties, copper has a negative influence on the corrosion resistance of aluminum and its alloys. In order to further improve the properties of Al-Cu alloys they are additional alloyed with elements such as zinc, magnesium and others. In this work experimental and analytical examination of the impact of zinc on the microstructure and phase transformations of Al-Cu alloys was carried out. In order to determine the effect of the addition of zinc to the structure and phase transformations of Al-Cu alloys two alloys of Al-Cu-Zn system with selected compositions were prepared and then examined using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The experimental results were compared with the results of thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria.


This report summarizes the results, findings, and recommendations from a series of three value engineering meetings relating to the repair and maintenance of guardrail and impact attenuators. These meetings were conducted cooperatively by the Departments of Transportation of Florida, North Carolina, and Virginia under the leadership of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). If implemented, the recommendations detailed in the report can be expected to: (1) reduce the unit cost of attenuator maintenance, (2) reduce the cost of guardrail maintenance, (3) reduce the number of impacts and the resultant costs of repair and replacement, and (4) speed the repair/ replacement process; thus, reducing labor costs per incident. The study recommends that a reduction in the unit cost of attenuator maintenance can be achieved by: (a) retrofitting vermiculite with hex-foam cartridges as soon as replacement is indicated for the g-r-e-a-t system and by (b) improving finishes of diaphrams and panels (hi-dro) to increase service life. Recommendations for the reduction of the cost of guardrail maintenance include: (a) contract maintenance in high traffic/ impact areas, (b) tailoring the crew to the job, and (c) (c) stockpiling and repairing damaged elements (a).


Methods to harvest energy that is wasted during road vehicle operation have been studied in recent years. Mechanical vibrations from vertical motion induced by road bumps dissipate a large amount of energy. A linear electric generation system is presented to harvest this energy. The system uses mechanical resonance to maximize the efficiency of harvesting. A shock absorber suspension and electric generator mathematical model were created to analyze the vibration characteristics induced by road bumps during vehicle operation. An electromagnetic simulation using the commercial software MAXWELL (Ver. 13, ANSOFT, USA) was performed to predict the electricity generation. Finally, the magnetic circuit design was optimized to improve the amount of electricity generated. The results demonstrate the possibility of using the proposed approach in practical applications.


This article mainly introduces the origin and form of coke breeze and summarizes the present situation and mechanism in sewage disposal,material field,building material field and further looks forward to the use of coke breeze in the future and coke breeze in green building material and engineering and composite material will have a bright future.


Xiangfan city of the middle reaches of Hanjiang River is an agricultural and industrial base of Hubei province, one of the important base of food, cotton and oil in the country and a center of economic development in Hanjiang Basin. This paper analyzes the influence of water transfer on the distribution of flow in space and time in this area and discusses the impacts on various walks of life especially on the sustainable development of agriculture.


Micrometeorites are sub-millimetric extraterrestrial samples, which dominate the flux of extraterrestrial matter entering the Earth atmosphere. Every micrometeorite is altered by the interaction with the atmosphere. However, they can be found embedded in larger meteorites, in which case they are called microxenoliths. Microxenoliths are ancient micrometeorites, and they allow the study of past epochs of the Solar System, not accessible by studying micrometeorites. New microxenoliths have been discovered and studied in H chondrites and in the carbonaceous chondrite Isheyevo. Many different techniques (scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry) have been applied to characterize them. Also, numerical simulations have been performed to investigate their origin and the effects they suffer during the passage through the Earth atmosphere.


This paper proposes a methodology for the val- uation of menlal damage caused hy a flood disaster using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and analysis of covariance struchlre5. The unobserved mental discomfort or the victims of a Rood disaster is exp& quantitatively as a structural concept. which is used as the explanatory variable of the victims' utility function in order to meawre their tnental damage. The sln~ctural concept of the mental damage, which is considered as a nqnlive local puhlic good, is regarded as the pmductinn structure ol the victims' stresses frnnl the analysis of covariance structures. The applicability of the methnclology prrsented in this paper is investigated using data collected from a recent flood disaster that occurred in Toyooka, .lapan.


This study has been performed to deveope a yeast strain having high -amylase production ability using nuclear transfer method. Hybrids formed between the strains of Saccharomyces fiburigera KCTC 7393 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae KCTC 7049 (tyr-, ura-)were obtained by nuclear transfer technique. Nuclei isolated from the wild type S. fiburigera strain were transfered into auxotrophic mutants S. cerevisiae and selected the hybrids showing an increased starch degrading capability were selected (MN-16). This transformant grew best and produced maximal -amylase activity on the medium containing 2% (V/V) soluble starch. -Amylase from MN-16 was purified electrophoretically homogenety and its properties were investigated. The enzyme was purified about 10.6 fold with an overall yield 9.7% from the culture medium by ammonium sulfate fractionation. DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the -amylase was estimated to be 53,000 daltons by SDS-PAGE and by gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The purified enzyme showed the maximum activity at pH 5.5 and 40. The km value for soluble starch was 2.5㎎/㎖. The enzyme activity increased in the presence of , but inhibited by , and


The zone of calcified cartilage (ZCC) forms an important interface between cartilage and bone for transmitting force, attaching cartilage to bone, and limiting diffusion from bone to the deeper layers of cartilage. The height of the ZCC is a relatively constant percent of articular cartilage and the height is maintained by a balance between progression of the tidemark into the unmineralized cartilage and changing into bone by vascular invasion and bony remodeling. During its formation, the cells that form the ZCC have properties similar to the cells of the growth plate. In the adult, the ZCC becomes quiescent but not inactive. The ZCC may be reactivated in osteoarthritis and may progressively calcify the unmineralized cartilage. This might contribute to cartilage thinning which would increase the concentration of forces across the uncalcified cartilage leading to more damage.


BaTiO3 thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by ultrasonic spraying deposition. Thin films had different preferred orientations and microstructures for varying substrate temperatures and solution concentrations. This was caused by the different deposition behavior, whether it was deposited as large molecules or clusters. At low temperatures the surface migration was restricted due to low mobility, therefore, the films were composed of very small grains which had an energetically favored growing plane or random orientation. At sufficiently high temperatures, direct nucleation of BaTiO3 on Pt occurred due to the lattice matching with the substrate and high surface mobility. The change of microstructures could be explained by grain growth and surface mobility. The preferred orientation was enhanced by the increase in the growth rate due to the increasing supply of sources when the concentration of solution increased. However, the microstructures of thin films were not affected by solution concentrations.


Ultrathin HfYO<inf>x</inf> gate dielectric has been deposited on Si<inf>0.15</inf>Ge<inf>0.85</inf> by RF co-sputtering of HfO<inf>2</inf> and Y<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> targets. HfYO<inf>x</inf> layers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) to examine the composition and crystallinity. An atomic percentage of Hf∶Y = 58.35∶41.64 was achieved from the EDX analysis while GIXRD revealed a crystalline phase, if annealed above 500°C. Charge trapping/detrapping behavior of Al/HfYO<inf>x</inf>/SiGe MIS capacitors have been studied under DC and AC voltage stressing with different amplitudes and dynamic voltage stresses in order to study the transient response. The degradation mechanism of the dielectric has also been studied. The current transients observed during dynamic voltage stress have been interpreted in terms of the charging/discharging of traps at SiGe/HfYO<inf>x</inf> interface and bulk HfYO<inf>x</inf>. The change in V<inf>fb</inf> and gate current during unipolar pulse voltage stressing shows that the main degradation takes place at low frequencies.


This chapter is a retrospective case study giving a descriptive
and explanatory analysis associated with one person: a PROFILES
teacher-leader. The main objective of the casestudy is to
describe and analyse the inclusion of creativity in the
multidimensional development of teacher professional
competences through IBSE. Used research methods are case study
and design-based research.


103.31 Factorising numbers with oracles A useful classroom game A teacher asks the students to determine the values of two positive integers , from the given values of the product , and the sum . The students try to factorise the product, and see if the sum of the factors is the same as that for the given sum. If we set , to be primes of modest size, the game becomes more of a challenge, because factorisation is no longer easy. a b ab a + b


The issue of active safety when carrying movable cargo is considered of vital importance since people's health and safety are involved. All cargo possessing fluid properties are covered by one common definition of 'fluid goods' the substance possessing insignificant shearing and tensile strengths which affect considerably the quantity and the direction of the vector of inertia loads affecting motor vehicles. In order to evaluate the vehicle stability against rolling over the test on the bench with the tipping platform, as well as the road test with performance of maneuvers according to the prescribed law of motion are considered obligatory. Complex tests of about 50 vehicles of different categories including tank trucks, articulated vehicles, mobile fire-fighting appliances, mixer trucks and ready-mix delivery trucks have been performed at the Central Proving Ground. As the main type of dynamic test, in our opinion, testing method and standard requirements for "lane change Sn = 20m" test should be accepted. The most dangerous load in dynamic testing corresponds to 70% tank filling. Therefore, it is proposed to accept filling coefficient 0.7 when active safety tests of vehicles with fluid cargo are performed. The research and testing for developing methods and requirements for evaluation of stability of vehicles carrying fluid cargo must be continued.


Rapid changes in language form and function occurring in digital environments present teachers and students of second languages alike with conundrums as to language and discourse standards. Factors affecting the changes that are emerging in digital English include the spatial and temporal possibilities and constraints of the medium, digital facilitation of case-creativity and iconic incorporation, and new social network configurations. This paper analyzes evolving changes in orthographic, syntactic, discourse and sociocultural conventions occurring in English and Chinese in digital environments, based on a small scale study conducted at York University in 2002–2003, noting trends across these languages as well as more limited, culturally and linguistically specific evolutions. The converging conventional changes occurring in these two major world languages suggest that similar transitions are happening generally in languages used for online communication, which has serious implications for second language instruction.


Background/Objectives: To determine the impact of educational interventions, clinic workflow redesign, and quality improvement coaching on the frequency of advance care planning (ACP) activities for patients over the age of 65. Design: Nonrandomized before-and-after study. Setting: 13 ambulatory care clinics with 81 primary care providers in eastern and central North Carolina. Participants: Patients across 13 primary care clinics staffed by 66 physicians, 8 physician assistants and 7 family nurse practitioners. Interventions: Interprofessional, interactive ACP training for the entire interprofessional team and quality improvement project management with an emphasis on workflow redesign. Measurements: From July 2017 through June 2018—number of ACP discussions, number of written ACP documents incorporated into the electronic medical record (EMR), number of ACP encounters billed. Results: Following the interventions, healthcare providers were more than twice as likely to conduct ACP discussions with their patients. Patients were 1.4 times more likely to have an ACP document included in their electronic medical record. Providers were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to bill for an ACP encounter in only one clinic. Conclusions: Implementing ACP education for all clinic staff, planning for workflow changes to involve the entire interprofessional team and supporting ACP activities with quality improvement coaching leads to statistically significant improvements in the frequency of ACP discussions, the number of ACP documents included in the electronic medical record and number of ACP encounters billed.


The seismic performance of reinforced concrete-filled steel tube (RCFST) pile/column bridge bents is examined based on the results of large-scale experimental tests, inelastic dynamic analyses, and parametric moment curvature analyses. It was found that when the pile/column is subjected to double curvature bending, the damage limit states are largely controlled by the tensile strain in the steel longitudinal bars at the top hinge. When the pile/column is subjected to single curvature bending, the limit states are controlled by the tensile strain in the steel tube at the below-ground hinge. However, for the single curvature bending case and relatively thick steel tubes it was also found that the pile/column is likely to remain elastic during a seismic event. Strain limit states are proposed and expressions to relate the strain limits with section curvatures are developed.


Paradis (2001) posed the Interactional Dual Systems Model of language representation in which bilingual children possess two separate phonological systems that have mutual influence. Frequency of phonological cross-linguistic effects has been cited as evidence for determining phonological representation. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and types of phonological cross-linguistic effects that occur over time in bilingual children. Three female typically developing, bilingual Spanish – English speaking children, ages 5;0, 6;2, and 7;0 participated in the study. Single word, conversation, and narrative samples were examined for each child to determine the phonological makeup of each participant's speech. Two analyses were performed: (1) analysis of phonemic cross-linguistic effects and (2) analysis of syllabic cross-linguistic effects. There were eight occurrences of cross-linguistic effects across the three children. Overall, the frequency of cross-linguistic effects was low, supporting the Interactional Dual Systems Model in which a child's two phonological systems are separate, but non-autonomous.


The invention relates to a cervical intervertebral disc scope, which is mainly applicable to cervical vertebra and cervical intervertebral operations on human bodies. The cervical intervertebral disc scope comprises an objective system, a body device, an ocular system, an instrument channel device, a water delivery device, a lighting device and an external mirror tube, and is characterized by also comprising an image transmitting part, wherein the image transmitting part comprises an image bundle, a short tube, an image bundle rear connector, an image bundle positioning tube and an image bundle regulating screw; one end of the image bundle is matched with the objective system and the other of the image bundle is fixed with the image bundle rear connector through the short tube; the image bundle positioning tube is connected with the body device; the image bundle regulating screw is fixed on the image bundle positioning tube; and the ocular system comprises a microobjective part and a microscopicocular part, an optical duct, an objective tube, a water supply duct and the instrument channel are arranged in the external mirror tube, and the body device comprises a hollow front body and a hollow rear body. The cervical intervertebral disc scope is reasonable in structural design and small in volume, an optical system is insusceptible to breakage, and the service life of the cervical intervertebral disc scope is long.


Recent advances in implicit neural representation have demonstrated the ability to recover detailed geometry and material from multi-view images. However, the use of simplified lighting models such as environment maps to represent non-distant illumination, or using a network to fit indirect light modeling without a solid basis, can lead to an undesirable decomposition between lighting and material. To address this, we propose a fully differentiable framework named neural ambient illumination (NeAI) that uses Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) as a lighting model to handle complex lighting in a physically based way. Together with integral lobe encoding for roughness-adaptive specular lobe and leveraging the pre-convoluted background for accurate decomposition, the proposed method represents a significant step towards integrating physically based rendering into the NeRF representation. The experiments demonstrate the superior performance of novel-view rendering compared to previous works, and the capability to re-render objects under arbitrary NeRF-style environments opens up exciting possibilities for bridging the gap between virtual and real-world scenes. The project and supplementary materials are available at https://yiyuzhuang.github.io/NeAI/.


Background
 The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant disruptions across all levels of medical training. International fellows in subspecialty training programs are essential members of the frontline physician workforce, but may face additional and unique challenges as a result of being away from their home country. In this study, we aimed to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of international fellows in the Hematology/Oncology fellowship program at the PMCC.

 Methods
 In collaboration with our staff psychiatrist, we conducted an online survey of hematology/oncology fellows at the PMCC from July 6-August 10, 2020. The survey consisted of 60 questions divided into 4 sections: demographics, wellbeing assessment using the validated Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS), fellowship specific questions (personal and professional) and coping strategies using the validated brief COPE scale.

 Results
 Overall 24/52 (46%) fellows completed the survey: 21/24 were international fellows with 48% from Asia, 3/24 were Canadian fellows but away from home; 54% were male; 48% were aged 31-35 years; 65% were married, 48% had children. Mean SWEMWBS score was 21, indicating lower overall wellbeing than the general population score (23.6). Compared to their pre-COVID status, many reported a decline in their wellbeing (63%), sense of guilt for not being with their family (45%), helping their country (41%), stress in personal relationships (26%), fatigue (50%), sleep disorders (38%) and loss of interest in daily activities (38%). Personal events were altered by almost 80% and 20% plan to extend their fellowship. According to the Brief-COPE scale, most fellows used more adaptive coping mechanisms (mean score 39.2) as opposed to maladaptive ones (mean score 21.8) during the pandemic.

 Conclusions
 The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the overall wellbeing of international fellows. Understanding the specific challenges and coping mechanisms of international fellows may help institutions develop better targeted strategies to promote wellbeing, professional development and high-quality patient care during these unprecedented times.


Abstract It has been shown that shear stress plays a critical role in promoting endothelial cell (EC) differentiation from embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived ECs. However, the underlying mechanisms mediating shear stress effects in this process have yet to be investigated. It has been reported that the glycocalyx component heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) mediates shear stress mechanotransduction in mature EC. In this study, we investigated whether cell surface HSPG plays a role in shear stress modulation of EC phenotype. ESC-derived EC were subjected to shear stress (5 dyn/cm(2) ) for 8h with or without heparinase III (Hep III) that digests heparan sulfate. Immunostaining showed that ESC-derived EC surfaces contain abundant HSPG, which could be cleaved by Hep III. We observed that shear stress significantly increased the expression of vascular EC-specific marker genes (vWF, VE-cadherin, PECAM-1. The effect of shear stress on expression of tight junction protein genes (ZO-1, OCLD, CLD5) was also evaluat...


Henan province is a large province both for its population and for its agriculture. The high percentage of the population and large amount of laborers in the rural areas cause sharp contradiction between the supply and demand of laborers. The structural adjustment and upgrading of industry and the yearly increase laid - off and unemployed workers produce ever - enlarging group of people dif-fcult to find jobs. Therefore, the transfer of surplus laborers in rural areas and employment problems in both urban and rural areas is one of the very prominent problems in Henan province at present for a long time in the future. In light of the principles of ecnomics and sociology, this paper describes the status quo of the transfer of surplus laborers in rural areas and the employment problems in urban and rural areas and the restraining factors between them by the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the collected materials, and puts forward some countermeasures for solving these problems


Collaborative Businesses are often interpreted as the new organisational form of the 21st century. Such organisational forms exist to satisfy complex needs, which one company could usually not satisfy on its own. This means that the participating companies in Collaborative Businesses are to a certain degree dependent on each other. From a business-IT alignment perspective, Collaborative Businesses require a different treatment than traditional organisational forms. The approach presented in this paper builds upon the aforementioned dependency aspect. We place the different inter-organisational dependencies, which are relevant in this context, into a layered alignment framework and discuss the conceivable alignment perspectives. Then we analyse the dependency impact on the life cycle phases of Collaborative Businesses. Finally, we exemplify how to operationally use our dependency-based alignment framework and how dependency-based alignment can be supported with Description Logics.


Frequently and accurately discerning others' thoughts and feelings is associated with multiple valued educational outcomes across an array of settings. Despite its foundational role in social interactions, it is unclear whether individuals can be taught to improve their social perspective taking capacities. This experiment assesses whether a curriculum taught to US Army personnel (N = 116) improved their social perspective taking prior to deployment. Results showed that participants improved their social perspective taking in three ways: through more accurately detecting biases in others, by generating more initial hypotheses to explain others' behaviours, and by adapting their hypotheses in the face of new evidence. The curriculum did not affect participants' perspective taking accuracy on a video measure. We discuss these findings with respect to their implications for other learning environments.


Of the most fundamental issues in improving the business environment, Providing legal suitable conditions among economic actors. In this study legal solutions to improve the business climate in Iran is discussed. On this basis, in this research; Iranian government programs have been evaluated in order to improve business climate.


With the development of science and technology, scanning electron microscope - energy dispersed spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) with its advantages of convenience, easy operation and high reliability become the most widely used instrument in micro-beam analysis field. EDS sometimes is considered as a semi-quantitative or even qualitative instrument compared with WDS and other chemical methods in element type and composition analysis. However, SEM-EDS can provide accurate results if parameters are set properly. This paper discusses how to improve the accuracy of EDS quantitative analysis by changing SEM and EDS working conditions.


The isolator plays a critical role in the scramjet engine situated between the inlet and the combustion chamber. The flow field is more complex with shock–shock interaction and shock boundary layer interaction result in a series of compression waves reffered to as "shock train". The presence of such flow inside the isolator can degrade the performance of the scramjet engine. The present study focus on the characteristic of the shock train flow field in an isolator and its control by partial removal of the boundary layer. The results examine the variation of the inlet to outlet pressure ratio along with different suction flow ratio. Numerical results indicate that boundary layer suction will cause the slight downstream movement of shock train location and the length of the shock train is reduced. Also when the suction flow gets choked, the transformation of shock train into a single curved normal shock is observed. The effect of varying the upstream boundary layer plays a major role in the suction flow ratio. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the total pressure loss and static pressure rise is obtained by boundary layer suction. The location of the shock train has a greater impact on the performance of the isolator.


Contents: J.N. Cleveland, E.A. Fleishman, Series Foreword. Preface. Part I:Background and Overview. D.V. Day, S.M. Halpin, Growing Leaders for Tomorrow: An Introduction. L.E. Maggart, Leadership Challenges for the Future. Part II:Accelerating Leader Development. D.V. Day, C.E. Lance, Understanding the Development of Leadership Complexity Through Latent Growth Modeling. B.J. Avolio, Examining the Full Range Model of Leadership: Looking Back to Transform Forward. H. O'Neil, Jr., Y-C. Fisher, A Technology to Support Leader Development: Computer Games. Part III:Cognitive Skills Development. D.F. Halpern, The Development of Adult Cognition: Understanding Constancy and Change in Adult Learning. D.T. Hall, Self-Awareness, Identity, and Leader Development. M.S. Cohen, Leadership as Orchestration and Improvisation of Dialogue: Cognitive and Communicative Skills in Conversations Among Leaders and Subordinates. Part IV:Developing Practical and Emotional Intelligence. A.T. Cianciolo, J. Antonakis, R.J. Sternberg, Practical Intelligence and Leadership: Using Experience as a "Mentor." D.R. Caruso, C.J. Wolfe, Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Development. Part V:Enhancing Team Skills. S.J. Zaccaro, S.D. Ardison, K.L. Orvis, Leadership in Virtual Teams. E. Salas, C.S. Burke, K.A. Wilson-Donnelly, J.E. Fowlkes, Promoting Effective Leadership Within Multicultural Teams: An Event-Based Approach. E. Salas, C.S. Burke, K.C. Stagl, Developing Teams and Team Leaders: Strategies and Principles. Part VI:Conclusions and Implications. K.J. Klein, J.C. Ziegert, Leader Development and Change Over Time: A Conceptual Integration and Exploration of Research Challenges. D.V. Day, S.J. Zaccaro, Toward a Science of Leader Development.


The invention discloses a touch panel with an insulator and a manufacturing method of the touch panel, and belongs to the technical field of touch line structures and touch panel body combined layer structures and manufacturing processes of the touch panel body combined layer structures. According to the invention, an insulation body is used as a bridging carrier, so that longitudinal and transverse induction lines are arranged on the same surface of a base material; an over coat (OC) protection layer is used as a photosensitive resin thin film and made of allyl resin and epoxy resin and has the functions of a black matrix and an insulation material; and the touch panel has the advantages of a small number of manufacturing procedures, low production cost, high light permeation and the like, is light in weight and low in thickness, the thickness of the panel body is reduced, and the weight of the panel body is reduced.


Resource management plays an important role in cloud computing,while scheduling is one of the key techniques in resource management,which has a direct influence on cloud computing.However,due to the heterogeneous and dynamic features in cloud computing,cloud scheduling is complicated and difficult.This paper uses five factors to describe general scheduling problems,and gives examples of different types for each factor.We analyze the traditional scheduling algorithms in parallel and distributed environment,and the current research in cloud computing.And we give the trend for cloud scheduling under its difficulties and challenge.Our work indicates the directions and ideas for future research in cloud scheduling.


The invention provides an interface conversion device and a network system, which relates to the technical field of network. The interface conversion device is used for realizing mutual conversion between data in a Zigbee format and data in a GPIB format, and in a condition of not improving main control equipment and execution equipment, the existing GPIB interfaces of the main control equipment and the execution equipment can be used for enabling the main control equipment and the execution equipment to form a wireless interconnection network. According to the network system of the invention, the above interface conversion device can be adopted for realizing Zigbee communication between the main control equipment and the execution equipment, mobility of the equipment can be improved, and compared with the existing GPIB network, the transmission distance can be improved, and limitation of equipment amount can be broken.


Full E2 gene of classical swine fever virus(CSFV) Shimen strain was isolated from CSFV genome by RT PCR method and cloned into pMD 18T vector to get the recombinant plasmid pMD E2. Then,another 2 pairs of primers were used to amplify the A/D domains of E2 gene with pMD E2 as template.The two subcloned sequences were cloned into prokaryotic expressing vector pET 32a tandemly and the recombinant plasmid named pET 2e was constructed .Then,the recombinant plasmid was sequenced and analyzed with computer software .The result showed that the homologies between the cloned gene and the gene published in GenBank reached 99 7%.Then the recombinant plasmid pET 2e was used to transform into E.coli BL21 (DE3) and induced by IPTG.The results of SDS PAGE and Western blot indicated that the gene cloned in downstream of thioredoxin protein (trxA) gene was expressed in high level and the recombinant fusion protein had immunologically reactive activity.The foundation for the development of the diagnosis methods in serology for CSFV were laid.


It is important to understand the unique vulnerability of women to extremist ideas and the peculiar impacts extremism has on them. At the same time, it is also important to understand how women can exercise their agency to resist extremism and what are the capacities that they need in order to do this. This study aims to understand the structural realities that shape women's worldview and behaviour as well as the factors that may help them deal with intense extremism. It is the nuanced understanding of the various factors that determine the interplay between this structure-agency duality that may lead to policy recommendations aimed at reshaping social realities. Given the gendered underpinnings of this agenda, the very promotion of gender equality is a counter-measure to the spread of deep-rooted aggressive ideologies. Women are well placed to help build cohesive communities, inform and lead a prevention response to tensions and demonstrate a clear recognition of the need for a gender sensitive approach to countering violent extremism.


The sand pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) is an important fruit crop in China. In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were used to estimate the level and pattern of genetic diversity among 233 sand pear landraces collected from 10 different geographic regions in China. The results demonstrated that the SSR technique is an effective tool for assessing genetic diversity and the geographic pattern of genetic variation among sand pear landraces of different origins. A total of 184 putative alleles was detected using 14 primer pairs with an average of 13.1 alleles per locus. The mean expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity across all loci were 0.705 and 0.671, respectively. High genetic diversity was found in all populations except for that originated from Jiangxi (A e = 3.149; H e = 0.655), whereas at the regional level, those from central China were less diverse than those from other regions. Analysis of molecular variance showed that most genetic differences resided among landraces within populations. Additionally, unweighted pair group with arithmetic average clustering and principal component analysis plotting based on Nei's genetic distance revealed distinct gene pools in agreement with geographic distribution.


The technique of examining the strain relief of Strips cut from diametrical planks has been used extensively in experimental studies aimed at predicting growth Stresses in trees. This paper presents an analysis of the redistribution of growth Stresses associated with the preparation of diametrical planks. The analysis is based on a homogeneous, orthotropic elastic model. The process of stress relief is divided into two stages, one the transverse stress relief which may be treated äs a plane strain problem, and the other the longitudinal stress relief which may be treated äs a plane stress Problem. Ash, a typical hardwood, is chosen äs an example and the theoretical axisymmetric growth stress distribution is adopted. The results show that the relief of Stresses on the sides of the plank does not produce significant strains, which has also been predicted by Gillis using a simplified analysis. The relief of Stresses at the ends of the plank, in addition to causing a uniform strain, results in end effects with large strains which may be responsible for the violent Splitting of diametrical planks äs observed in previous experiments. The contribution of the end displacement, caused by strain relief in the end zones of the plank, to the measured length changes in the plank and strips is examined with the help of the numerical results. These theoretical observations may be of help in devising suitable experimental methods aimed at measuring growth strains using the planks and strips.


ABSTRACT This article investigates the effect of digitalization on bilateral trade in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). We estimate the augmented gravity model to capture the effect of digitalization on bilateral trade using the POLS, GLS, and PPML estimators over 2000 to 2018. We find a significant positive effect of digitalization on bilateral trade for the ECOWAS region. The policy implication of this article is that bilateral trade in the region depends on digitalization. Therefore, economic agents' efforts in the ECOWAS region should aim at policies that promote digitalization to enhance bilateral trade.


Objective To discuss cause of disease, pathologic feature and clinical manifestation of Mirizzi syndrome and to summarize a new, rational method of diagnosis and treatment. Methods Clinical materials of 15 surgically proved cases with Mirizzi syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. Results All cases were treated by surgical operation. The operations included partial cholecy stectomy, cholecystectomy, cholecystectomy common bile duct or common hepatic duct exploration, T tube drainage and choledochojejunostomy. Conclusion The pathologic types of Mirizzi syndrome were diversified. It was difficult to make a definite diagnosis before operation. Varied imaging techniques and laboratory examination were helpful for diagnosing. Different operation methods should be applied according to different pathologic types of this disease.


According to Needham ('50), a teratoma is defined as "a more or less malignant assembly of tissues, well differentiated histologically, but showing varying degrees of morphological differentiation and embedded in the body of an otherwise normal fully developed organism." A teratoma is also defined by Willis ('51), who has probably done the most extensive studies on human teratomata, as "a true tumor or neoplasm composed of multiple tissues foreign to the part in which it arises." Teratomata in humans have been studied in infants (Luksch et al., '26; Willis, '46), adolescents (Seki, '27; Moehlig, '42), and in adults (Barnard, '3 1 ). In humans, the location of this type of tumor is varied and may occur in such sites as the ovary (Moench, '29; Willis, '37), testis (Inamaki, ' 3 0 ) , inguinopubic region (Cappecchi, '30), peritoneum (Barnard, '3 1 ), mediastinum (Jacobs, '29), brain (Hosoi, '30) rectum (Fried and Stone, '30), in the urinary bladder (Pollack, '36), heart, kidneys, and retroperitoneal areas (Willis, '51). Teratomata have also been described in domestic animals. Ovarian and testicular teratomata (Baker, '31) have been reported in the fowl, and testicular teratomata have been reported in horses (Willis and Rudduck, '43). Although descriptions of various tumors in cold blooded vertebrates including the fish, amphibians, and reptiles have been compiled by several investigators (Luck6 and Schlumberger, '48, '49; Pick, '05; Takahashi, '29; Haddow and Blake, '33 and Gordon, '48) no reference has been made to the occurrence of teratomata in fish. A further search of the literature reveals, however, that a single case of a teratoma in the ovary of a guppy (Stolk, '53) and another case of a teratoma on the skin of a guppy (Stolk, '55) has been recorded in the Netherlands. This is indicative of the relative rareness of teratomata in fish. Studies of teratomata in any vertebrate form is of particular importance since there are suggestions that this type of tumor is caused by the interference of the organizer during embryonic development (Nicholson, '29; Krafka, '36; Needham, '50; Willis, '51).


The paper is devoted to the analysis and research of the epidemiological situation in the Bryansk region caused by COVID-19 virus. The main points of the development and testing of the simulation model of epidemic spread are investigated. An algorithm for modeling the epidemiological situation is proposed, an optimization experiment is conducted that gives realistic values based on historical data, and appropriate conclusions are made. The proposed integrated approach allows to reduce the money and time spent on conducting experiments, and also allows to predict the dynamics of coronavirus development in the given region to work out the strategy of health services by using information technologies such as methods of systems simulation. © 2021 Copyright for this paper by its authors. Use permitted under Creative Commons License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).


apparatus) LLet him who does not know Proteus go to Pan.' His alchemical readings extend to authors like Pierre Jean Fabre (also unidentified), whose works are catalogued with the library of his friend Robert Child. Occasionally, Rudrum turns to remote sources for what can be found in the anthologies (Beatus can be found in the Theatrum Chemicum) or misses a reference to the Vulgate. There are some curious glosses of passages translated from Latin (the Ficinian spiritus, adapted by Dorn, is identified as the Holy Spirit). But these are minor blemishes on a major triumph. Anyone who fears such errors had better stay clear of Renaissance magic. Rudrum voices a 'profound' relief at the end of his labours, and students of literature and ideas must feel a profound debt. 'Was it worthwhile?' is a question that he must have faced more than once, and one his readers may also face. Unlike Vaughan, Rudrum does not offer a 'little book' at a 'small price,' or hint at riches to be had from his advice. The book seems badly in need of a companion volume, to explain what Vaughan is saying. But whether he is read as literature or magic, Thomas Vaughan will long be quoted from this fine edition. (THOMAS WILLARD)


A few examples of application of evolved gas analysis by mass-spectrometry are described. They are (1) thermal decomposition of indium phosphide for electronic device application, (2) thermal decomposition of polyethylene terephthalate and its kinetic analysis, (3) thermal decomposition of polymethyl methacrylate in relation to its terminal groups, (4) thermal endurance life estimation of polymeric insulating materials, and (5) volatilization of solvent, unreacted hardener and impurities from epoxide resin. New applicabilities, such as controlled rate thermal analysis, switching of atmosphere, and kinetic analysis of parallel reactions, are introduced, and standards for temperature calibration are discussed


By using the method of documentary, questionnaire and expert investigation, the author studied school physical education management and operating mechanism, teaching goal, after class sports training and competition and after class exercise about Taiwan; It shows that Taiwan have their own system and features because of the different political, economical, cultural and educational background.


Recovery of the blood supply is the most effective treatment against ischemic heart disease; however, it is also a major cause of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical therapy. Curcumin has been reported to possess beneficial effects against hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury by regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and antioxidant enzyme activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of curcumin on H/R-injured cardiomyocytes. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were pretreated with curcumin, and then cultured under H/R conditions. The viability of H9C2 cells was measured using a Cell Counting kit-8 assay, and the levels of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured to assess cell injury. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. The expression levels of Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and numerous downstream genes were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The results revealed that curcumin protected H9C2 cells against H/R-induced injury, reversing the H/R-induced increases in LDH and MDA levels, and decreases in SOD levels. ROS levels in H/R-induced cells were also significantly downregulated by curcumin treatment (P<0.01), and the apoptotic rate was significantly decreased from 15.13% in the H/R group to 7.7% in the H/R + curcumin group (P<0.01). The expression levels of NICD, hairy and enhancer of split (Hes)-1, Hes-5 and hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 (Hey-1) were significantly decreased in H/R-treated cells following curcumin treatment. Treatment with Jagged1 attenuated the effects of curcumin on cell viability, ROS levels and apoptosis; the Notch pathway was also reactivated. The present study indicated that there was a role for the Notch pathway in the protective effects of curcumin against H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury, suggesting that downregulation of the Notch pathway may alleviate H/R-induced injury in H9C2 cells.


Introduction In GEMINI 1 and GEMINI 2, vedolizumab (VDZ) was safe and effective in patients (pts) with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD), respectively, on stable doses of immunosuppressants (IS).1,2 The effect of discontinuing IS in pts who responded to VDZ induction therapy in these studies has not been characterised. Methods Pts who responded to VDZ at week (wk) 6 were re-randomised to placebo (VDZ/PBO) or VDZ every 4 or 8 wks (VDZ/VDZ Q4W or Q8W) for 46 wks. At United States (US) sites, re-randomised pts discontinued IS use at wk 6. At non-US sites, pts could continue IS use. Efficacy, VDZ serum concentration, and immunogenicity data (via an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were evaluated post hoc in pts with baseline IS use stratified by region. Results At wk 52, rates of clinical remission and response (Table), mucosal healing (UC), durable clinical remission, and corticosteroid-free remission were numerically higher with VDZ, mostly irrespective of IS use. The US and non-US sites had similar numbers of patients who were positive for anti-VDZ antibodies during VD maintenance therapy (Table). Mean trough concentrations were similar between US and non- US pts at wk 46.Abstract PTH-052 Table 1 Maintenance VDZ with and without continued IS use UC CD US (Discontinued IS) Non-US (Continued IS) US (Discontinued IS) Non-US (Continued IS) VDZ/PBO n = 10; VDZ/VDZ n = 18 VDZ/PBO n = 41; VDZ/VDZ n = 70 VDZ/PBO n = 5; VDZ/VDZ n = 9 VDZ/PBO n  =   44; VDZ/VDZ n = 94 Efficacy endpoints % Difference from PBO (95% CI) at wk 52 Clinical remissiona 28.9 (-10.5, 63.3) 25.2 (8.0, 42.4) 4.4 (-49.6, 54.7) 17.3 (0.4, 34.1) Clinical responseb 18.9 (-20.8, 54.7) 35.0 (17.1, 52.9) 15.6 (-39.9, 63.8) 17.7 (0.2, 35.3) Immunogenicity No. of pts with ≥1 positive sample VDZ/PBO 3 1 1 4 VDZ/VDZ 1 2 0 0 a UC: complete Mayo score of ≤2 and no individual subscore > 1. CD: CD Activity Index (CDAI) score ≤150. b UC: durable clinical response is a reduction in complete Mayo score of ≥3 and ≥30% from wk 0 with a decrease in rectal bleeding subscore (RBS) of ≥1 or absolute RBS of ≤1 at wks 6 and 52. CD: enhanced clinical response is a ≥100-point reduction in CDAI score from wk 0. Conclusion Discontinuing IS did not appear to substantially affect efficacy of VDZ maintenance therapy. Interpretation of these post hoc analyses is limited by potential IS discontinuation in non-US pts and the relatively small sample sizes. References 1 Feagan BG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:699-710; NCT00783718. 2 Sandborn WJ, et al. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:711-721; NCT00783692. Disclosure of Interest B. Feagan Grant/research support from: Abbott/AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS), Janssen Biotech (Centocor), JnJ/Janssen, Roche/Genentech, Millennium, Pfizer, Receptos, Santarus, Sanofi, Tillotts, UCB Pharma, Consultant for: Abbott/AbbVie, Actogenix, Albireo Pharma, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Avaxia Biologics Inc., Avir Pharma, Axcan, Baxter Healthcare Corp., Biogen Idec, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Calypso Biotech, Celgene, Elan/Biogen, EnGene, Ferring Pharma, Roche/Genentech, GiCare Pharma, Gilead, Given Imaging Inc., GSK, Ironwood Pharma, Janssen Biotech (Centocor), JnJ/Janssen, Kyowa Kakko Kirin Co Ltd., Lexicon, Lilly, Merck, Millennium, Nektar, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Prometheus Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Protagonist, Receptos, Salix Pharma, Serono, Shire, Sigmoid Pharma, Synergy Pharma Inc., Takeda, Teva Pharma, TiGenix, Tillotts, UCB Pharma, Vertex Pharma, Warner-Chilcott, Wyeth, Zealand, Zyngenia, Speaker bureau with: Abbott/AbbVie, JnJ/Janssen, Takeda, Warner-Chilcott, UCB Pharma, Conflict with: Directorship as CEO and Senior Scientific Director, Robarts Clinical Trials Inc, Western University, London, Ontario, C. Siegel Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Janssen, Salix, Takeda, UCB, Consultant for: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Lilly, Pfizer, Takeda, UCB, Speaker bureau with: AbbVie, Janssen, Takeda, G. Melmed Grant/research support from: Prometheus Labs, Consultant for: AbbVie, Celgene, Genentech, Given Imaging, Janssen, Luitpold, Takeda, UCB, K. Isaacs Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Given Imaging, Janssen, Luitpold, Pfizer, Takeda, and UCB, K. Lasch Employee of: Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA, M. Rosario Employee of: Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA, A. James Employee of: Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK, B. Abhyankar Employee of: Takeda Development Centre Europe Ltd, London, UK


To reduce the economic disparity between PRD and its surrounding regions is an important aspect of the enterprise of forming a harmonious society in Guangdong province. Based on the basic data of GDP, the authors of the present paper use a multiple set of parameters to analyze the economic disparity between PRD and its surrounding regions. The results indicate that the economic disparity between PRD and its surrounding regions is enlarging, and presents three periods. The government should pay more attention to this issue and promote the integration between PRD and its surrounding regions.


The usage of perfect and instantaneous CSIT in a SINR-constrained transmit power minimization requires excessive resources to acquire and distribute channel information. Recent works relying on statistical SINR constraints designed under prescribed outage loosens the original constraint in converting statistical inequalities to deterministic convex equivalents. In this paper, we offer a simple solution to this problem thereby deriving accurate models for true SINRs at the users subject to imperfect CSIT, conditioned on constraint matching estimates. Using these distributions, we design deterministic, instantaneous and convex SINR-constraints to compensate and meet the prescribed outage.


Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate whether ST segment
elevation and T wave normalization in Q-wave leads on pre-discharge exercise
electrocardiogram (ECG) can contribute to patient management after recent myocardial
infarction (MI)
Background: The clinical relevance of these exercise ECG changes remains controversial
despite accumulating evidence of their association with myocardial viability as well as
functional recovery after revascularization. Since patient selection may explain the
discordant results across the studies, the value of these ST/T abnormalities in the
thrombolytic era should be better defined.
Methods: One-hundred one patients, aged 58+11 years, with a recent, first, uncomplicated
Q-wave MI (56% anterior, 57% thrombolyzed, ejection fraction 43+7%) underwent predischarge,
submaximal treadmill testing followed, in the absence of severe ischemia, by
dobutamine stress echocardiography, thallium-201 single photon emission computed
tomography and coronary angiography.
Results: Patients with, as compared with those without ST elevation at peak exercise had
more severe infarctions (peak creatine kinase 2351+1465 versus 1671+1132 U/L, p<0.05)
and more extensively impaired left ventricular contractility due to scar tissue as based on
the number of segments with scar on echocardiography (p<0.05) or scintigraphy (p<0.01).
However, the incidence of myocardial viability and ischemia was not different between the
two groups. Results were similar for ST elevation at low level exercise. Anterior infarction
location and at least three scarred segments on dobutamine stress echocardiography were among the independent predictors of ST elevation at peak ergometric exercise. T wave
normalization was similarly inaccurate in identifying viability or ischemia. Over long-term follow-up of 31+13 months, the event rate was low ( 8 % for death or nonfatal MI) and did
not differ between groups with or without these exercise-induced ST/T wave changes.
Conclusions: In patients after acute, Q-wave MI without severe ischemia according to
clinical and standard ECG criteria, exercise-induced ST elevation is associated with larger infarctions. The contribution of these ST/T changes to identify patients with myocardial viability or ischemia and for risk stratification is poor. In-hospital management of these patients based on routine clinical practice is sufficient for selection of a population with a relatively low long-term risk.


An energy dispersive X-Ray study of pure and brominated carbon black was carried out. The analysis of the diffraction patterns reveals that the low bromine load (ca.1% mol) is trapped into the structure, without significantly modifying it. This allows the application of the difference methods, widely tested for electrolyte solutions, inorganic matrices containing metals and isomorphic substitutions.


The stability against light soaking of wide-gap hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films and a-Si solar cells deposited by a newly developed inert gas plasma treatment method has been systematically investigated for the first time. The defect density (ND) of a-Si:H films with an optical gap (Eopt) of 1.64 eV deposited by the inert gas (He, Ar, Xe) plasma treatment method was measured by a constant photocurrent method (CPM). Eopt was determined by (αhν)1/3 versus hν plots. It was found that the inert gas plasma treatment method is capable of decreasing the initial and stabilized ND of the wide-gap a-Si:H films to a greater extent than that achieved by the 100% SiH4 process. In particular, the wide-gap a-Si:H film deposited using an Ar plasma treatment showed low initial and stabilized ND of about 8×1014 cm-3 and 9×1015 cm-3, respectively, which are comparable to those of our optimized a-Si:H with Eopt∼1.57 eV deposited from 100% SiH4. It was also found that this deposition method is able to improve the stability of a-Si solar cells with wide-gap i-layers when compared to the 100% SiH4 process. Experimental results indicate that this deposition method can suppress the fast light-induced degradation which is probably caused by the light-induced defects that are difficult to recover by thermal annealing at ∼150°C.


The purposes were to assess the bivariate and multivariate relationships among the subdomains of physical self-concept, self-esteem, and objective measures of physical fitness in young healthy fema...


In order to analyse international effects of national energy policies, we investigate the spill-over effects of the German Energiewende on the Dutch power market, which is closely connected to the German market. We estimate the impact of the German supply of wind and solar electricity on the Dutch day-ahead price of electricity and the utilisation of the conventional power plants. We take cross-border capacity constraints into account and use hourly plant-level data over 2006–2014. We find that the price elasticity of German wind on Dutch day-ahead prices is 0.03. However, this effect vanishes when the crossborder capacity is fully utilised. We find a modest negative impact on the utilisation of the Dutch power plants. As such, we conclude that the German Energiewende has had modest spill-over effects to the Dutch market. The recent dramatic performance of the Dutch gas-fired plants can be attributed to the changes in the relative prices of coal versus natural gas. We conclude that national energy policies in one country do not necessarily strongly affect neighbouring markets in case of constrained crossborder capacities. 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an openaccess article under the CCBY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).


Shared memory multiprocessors provide an easy programming model and the potential to achieve high aggregate performance. To make a shared memory multiprocessor scalable, its memory is distributed among its processing nodes and the nodes are interconnected by a network. The current trend in microprocessor technology is to bring memory closer and closer to the processor. Eventually, each microprocessor will a memory module on-chip. Today''s microprocessors are so fast that the only economically viable choice for designing multiprocessor is to use microprocessors. In this thesis, we argue that this progressive integration of processor and memory has significant implications on the design of DSM systems. To exploit this integration best, we claim that we need to redesign the nodes and reorganize the whole machine. We propose an architecture where memories are configured as caches and directory controllers are moved off-chip. The directory controllers are built out of the same hardware as the computing nodes and, therefore, can be considered non-computing nodes. The function of these non-computing nodes is to support the cache coherence protocol and to backup the application''s data in their memories. Because off-the-shelf processors are so fast, these non-computing nodes can manage the coherence operations and the storage of data in memory in software. A high-level evaluation of the proposed architecture shows that it is significantly better than idealized versions of the traditional COMA and NUMA organizations.


Soil moisture plays an important role in the water cycle within the surface ecosystem and it is the basic condition for the growth and development of plants. Currently, the spatial resolution of most soil moisture data from remote sensing ranges from ten to several tens of kilometres whilst those observed in situ and simulated for watershed hydrology, ecology, agriculture, weather and drought research are generally less than 1 kilometre. Therefore, the existing coarse resolution remotely sensed soil moisture data needs to be down-scaled. In this paper, a universal soil moisture downscaling model through stepwise regression with moving window suitable for large areas and multi temporal has been established. Datasets comprise land surface, brightness temperature, precipitation, soil and topographic parameters from high resolution data, and active/passive microwave remotely sensed soil moisture data from Essential Climate Variables (ECV_SM) with 25 km spatial resolution were used. With this model, a total of 288 soil moisture maps of 1 km resolution from the first ten-day of January 2003 to the last tenth-day of December 2010 were derived. The in situ observations were used to validate the down-scaled ECV_SM for different land cover and land use types and seasons. In addition, various errors comparative analysis was also carried out for the down-scaled ECV_SM and original one. In general, the down-scaled soil moisture for different land cover and land use types is consistent with the in situ observations. The accuracy is relatively high in autumn and winter. The validation results show that downscaled soil moisture can be improved not only on spatial resolution, but also on estimation accuracy.