UNLABELLED
MR proton spectroscopy (1H MRS) has been widely applied in characterisation and differentiation of brain tumors, staging, recurrence of pathologic process, post radiotherapy changes and other lesions mimicking neoplasm like abscesses. Despite of many studies performed over last 3 years in many countries spectroscopic pattern (phenotype) of brain tumors is still not well estimated and the role of each metabolite as an indicator of histopathologic grade and type of the tumor is still unknown.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In vivo 1H MR spectroscopy was prospectively performed in 36 patients with intracranial tumors (low grade gliomas, high grade gliomas, meningiomas and abscesses). Examinations was performed with 1.5 T system, using voxels of 8 cc.

RESULTS
In high grade gliomas level of NAA was decreased, and consequently low ratios of NAA to other metabolites were obtained; lactate and choline peaks were markedly increased. In patients with meningiomas signal of NAA was reduced, while in abscesses group peaks of acetate and succinate were observed. Authors analysed ratios of metabolites in above-mentioned tumors. The method is especially useful in differential diagnosis in neoplastic and nonneoplastic cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms diagnostic value of 1H MRS in doubtful cases of intracranial tumors.


Objective To determine the effect of fast passage for patients' access to the emergency department of hospital on rescuing and triaging the traumatic casualties referred from the site of accident by collision between two bullet trains occurred at Wenzhou station on 23 July 2011 in order to accumulate experience of treating large number of traumatized casualties happened in a major accident or disaster.Methods A retrospective study was carried out to collect the data including the different courses of treatment for various types of injury in casualties and the length of stay of traumatized patients with different degrees of severity in the emergency department after casualties entered into the emergency department of hospital via fast passage.Results There were 136 traumatic casualties referred to hospital within 72 hours after the bullet train accident occurred at Wenzhou station.The average length of stay of patients with uncomplicated single injury in the hospital was 27min,and the average length of stay of 108 patients with multiple injuries in the emergency department was 62 min.In last year,the annually average length of stay of casualties in emergency department was 50 min longer when there was no fast passage available for patient to enter into.Conclusions The fast passage for casualties entering into emergency department not only guarantees the traumatized patients rescued in no time after bullet train accident but also shortens the length of stay in the Emergency Department.

Key words:
23 July Wenzhou First-aid fast track;  Trauma patient rescue;  Time in the emergency department


Members of the DCC family play key roles in axon guidance in vertebrates as well as invertebrates. In zebrafish, only a short partial sequence of the dcc gene has been reported to date. Here, we report the cloning of full‐length zebrafish dcc. Zebrafish DCC shares the typical structure of the DCC subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily, consisting of four immunoglobulin and six fibronectin‐type III repeats in the extracellular domain, a single transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain with three conserved motifs. As a first step toward studying the function of dcc, we analyzed its sequence and characterized its expression pattern during embryonic and larval development. dcc is expressed highly in brain and spinal cord, but distinct staining was also observed in developing pectoral fins, pancreas, intestine, and heart. Thus, dcc may play roles not only in axon guidance, but in morphogenesis and functioning of these organs as well. Developmental Dynamics 234:732–739, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The η 1 and η 2 coordinations of aldehydes and ketones on several types of organometallic fragments have been compared on the basis of an extended Huckel molecular orbital analysis. The electronic description of the interaction between the organic ligand and the metallic part leads to the distinction between stabilizing two electron interactions and destabilizing four electron ones


Determination of the number of workers, costs, and working time into a standard measure of the working time of a product. Time efficiency and production reports become complex issues of the importance of production timeliness. The purpose of this study is to provide a design of an information system for determining working time standards that can be accessed integrated into a more efficient report form. Methods used with research and development where data collected from observations, interviews from case studies in the field. Determination of uptime standards using time study methods developed into web-based information systems using PHP programming languages with MySQL databases. The results of the design of this study, first contribute to obtain information that can help the management in determining management policy decisions. Second, fast and accurate determination of working time standards can provide customers with answers about price and fast uptime. Third, calculating the standard time of completion of work helps to choose the best alternative working method with the principles and techniques of work measurement at PT Eka Sandang Duta Prima.


With the evolution of service-oriented architecture,providing support for compositing distributed and autonomous Web services into business applications has become a key area in the software engineering research.The main functions including the following items. Firstly,the concepts of BPEL4WS and TLA are describled.And then the algorithms for the automatic translation from BPEL4WS to TLA are discussed and suggested.


............................................................................................................................... i Co-Authorship Statement (where applicable) ..................................................................... ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures .................................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................. 1


This paper investigates the "NP_1+VP1+De+NP_2+VP2" construction, in which NP_1 is interpreted as the object of VP1 and as the causer, and NP_2 is the subject of VP2. The paper discusses the semantic properties of this type of sentences, focusing on VP1, VP2 and NP_1. It also paper discusses the syntactic derivation of the sentences involved, arguing that there actually are three sub-types: the first and second sub-types derive from different deep structures and the third sub-type, which is ambiguous, is analyzed as structurally ambiguous: the derivation is either the same as the first sub-type or as the second.


Maps of different kinds of crops offer information about both crop distribution and crop mix, which support analyses on food security, environmental change, and climate change. Despite the growing capability for mapping specific crops, the majority of studies have focused on a few dominant crops, whereas maps with a greater diversity of crops lack research. Combining cropping seasons derived from MODIS EVI data, regional crop calendar data, and agricultural statistical surveys, we developed an allocation model to map 14 major crops at a 1 km resolution across China for the years 2000, 2010, and 2015. The model was verified based on the fitness between the area of the three typical combinations of region, crop/crop group derived from remote sensing data, and statistical data. The R2, indicating fitness, ranged from 0.51 to 0.75, with a higher value for the crops distributed in plain regions and a lower value in regions with topographically diverse landscapes. Within the same combination of region and crop/crop group, the larger harvest area a province has, the higher its fitness, suggesting an overall reliable result at the national level. A comparison of paddy rice between our results and the National Land Use/Cover Database of China showed a relatively high R2 and slope of fitness (0.67 and 0.71, respectively). Compared with the commonly used average allocation model, and without lending cropping season information, the diversity index of the results from our model is about 30% higher, indicating crop maps with greater spatial details. According to the spatial distribution analysis of the four main crops, the grids showing decreased trends accounted for 74.92%, 57.32%, and 59.00% of the total changed grid for wheat, rice, and soybean crops, respectively, while accounting for only 37.71% for maize. The resulting data sets can be used to improve assessments for nutrient security and sustainability of cropping systems, as well as their resilience in a changing climate.


In two-choice feed preference tests, growing swine selected an alfalfa-free diet over diets containing alfalfa at alfalfa levels of 1% and higher. They selected diets containing low saponin alfalfa over the same dietary level of high saponin alfalfa, but rejected both in favor of an alfalfa-free diet. In a similar two-choice test, swine discriminated against quinine sulfate at all dietary levels above.05%.


A sufficient and necessary condition that a quadratic polynomial function is a bent function was presented by Ma W P,et al.in 2005.In the same year,Charpin P,et al proposed a sufficient and necessary condition that a polynomial function is a quadratic semi-Bent function with three trace terms in a paper.Corollary 5,6 of the former and Theorem 5,6 of the latter are not quite right by further investigating these conditions.Based on the theory of quadratic polynomial over finite fields,the correct conditions are presented.Moreover,some quadratic bent functions with three or four trace terms are constructed.Finally,a new method for constructing bent functions in polynomial forms is provided by using bent functions of two trace terms and permutation of polynomial.


The sleep mode which works upon low arrival traffic is introduced in IEEE802.16e standard to reduce the power consumption of the mobile access terminal. Due to the rapid growth in the sleep interval in the exponential growth algorithm prescribed in IEEE802.16e, the power saving efficiency of the mobile access terminal is limited and the average delay time of receiving data frames is prolonged when the arrival rate of data frames is low. To obtain lower power consumption and shorter average delay time, the l...


The aim of this research was to describe the students" errors in pronouncing English diphthong of the
sixth semester of Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto in academic year of 2015/2016. The type of
this research was descriptive research. The population of the research was 106 students and 21% of them
(20 students) used as sample of this research. The instrument used was a test, using 80 words (used in
teaching and learning process). In analyzing the data, error analysis was used in which there were four
steps: transcribing the students" pronunciation into the phonetic transcriptions, grouping the students"
errors in pronouncing English diphthongs into separate divisions, employing the percentage descriptive
analysis to count all error and interpreting the result of the data analysis. The result of the analysis showed
that students made 52% errors in pronouncing English diphthong. The errors were 27 % on centering
diphthong and 73 % on closing diphthong. There werethree dominant errors on English diphthongs : [ʊə],
[əʊ], and [eɪ]. The factors causing students errors are students" mother tongue and word orthographic
writing form.


This chapter aims to suggest a coherent and effective interpretation of Article 4 by differentiating between its bearing on the relationship between the Protocol and other existing agreements, future international agreements, and more specifically other (existing and future) international agreements or instruments specialized in Access and Benefit-sharing (ABS). Article 4(1) expresses the intention to preclude an interpretation of the Protocol that would lead to a modification of Protocol Parties' obligations under other existing international agreements 13 relevant for ABS. Article 4(2) acknowledges the possibility that Protocol Parties may negotiate new international agreements that may 'relate' to the Protocol. Article 4(2) specifically foresees the conclusion of future specialized ABS agreements. The provision thereby implies that Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Parties expect that more specific international instruments will be developed to deal with certain sectors of genetic resources.Keywords: Access and Benefit-sharing (ABS); Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD); future international agreements; genetic resources


[Aims] Enables quick formulation development and systematic wetting agent and dispersant screening for pesticide suspension concentrate(SC), develop effective suspension concentrate formulations for pesticides with varied active content and from different suppliers. [Methods] The high throughput formulation development technique was applied to agrochemical suspension concentrate development, which highly improves the effi ciency of SC formulation development. [Results] With highthroughput method, a SC formulation of imidacloprid 35% was developed: imidacloprid 35%, wetting agent Dowfax 2A1 2%, dispersant Dow Orotan SN 3%, xanthan 2%, magnesium aluminium silicate 0.3%, propylene glycol 5%, defoamer DK1247 1%, DI water to 100%, this formulation is not sensitive to impurities and active content of imidacloprid from different manufactures.


The range and resolution capability of the seismic reftection method is ultimately restricted by noise phenomena. The desired signal component in a conventional seismic record corresponds to compressional waves reftected from depth in response to compressional forces induced at the shot point. If these signals could be recovered in isolation with unlimited precision and dynamic range, truly dramatic improvements could be
expected in seismic imaging methods.


La2Mo2O9-based oxide-ion conductors have attracted more and more attention since it was reported having high ionic conductivity in 2000 by Lacorre et al. Especially the W-doped La2Mo2O9 oxide-ion conductors . In this paper the recent investigation on the La2Mo2-xWxO9 oxide-ion conductors is reviewed. It is focused on the structure,mechanism of oxygen vacancy diffusion and the phase transition,chemical stability,and oxide-ion conductivity in the La2Mo2-xWxO9 samples. It is pointed out that the W-doped La2Mo2O9 have better effect in the chemical stability and the direct current conductivity than the pure La2Mo2O9,it could be possibly applied in the fields such as solid oxide fuel cells,oxygen sensors,and have enormous developing potential.


Heavy rain (over 800mm per 24 hours) triggered by Typhoon Wipha on October 16, 2013, caused many slope failures and associated lahars in the western part of Izu Oshima Volcano, Japan. Tephrostratigraphic study revealed a mechanism of the slope failures and history of similar lahars for the past 700 years. Seven fallout ash or scoria layers, which were ejected during the 7 eruptions since the early 14th century, are distributed in the study area. These tephra layers are interbedded with eolian dust (loess) layers, each of which was deposited during a 10-200 years dormant period. Stratigraphic horizons of the slope failures concentrated at the boundaries between ashes and underlying loess layers. This means that more permeable ash layers were saturated with rainwater and slid down along the upper surface of less permeable loess layers. We newly found that three lahars (Lahar A, B, and C) occurred in historic time. Lahar A and B are correlated to the disaster documents of 1856 (or 1932) and of the late 16th century, respectively. Lahar C overlies directly on the Y5.2 scoria and associated Motomachi Lava and thus occurred in the early-middle 14th century.


Abstract The electroosmotic flow in a straight cylindrical capillary with a porous gel layer on its wall is considered, taking into account an ion's interaction with the porous layer. It is shown theoretically that this interaction substantially modifies electrokinetic phenomena and it is possible to observe electrokinetic phenomena even in the absence of any fixed charge on the solid surface (ζ potential equals zero) and inside the gel layer. In this case, electrokinetic phenomena are strongly dependent on electrolyte type. For example, electrophoretic motion of a porous particle covered with such a gel layer may occur in the opposite directions for different electrolytes. The influence of electrolyte concentration and electrolyte type on electrokinetic phenomena in the presence of the gel layer is investigated.


The variability of the environment is a challenge for the flexibility of organisms. Temporal variation generates interesting optimization conflicts for evolution, which were investigated in this doctoral thesis for the example of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the sequential treatment with antibiotics. This bacterium has remarkable metabolic and genetic versatility. P. aeruginosa expresses a range of efflux pumps for cell detoxification. Increasingly, this characteristic is transforming into a medical threat because it can convey antibiotic resistance. The spread of antibiotic resistance is a growing global challenge. The investigations of this thesis, may contribute to the design of new treatment strategies that inhibit the emergence of resistance. This aim was achieved by integrating three principles from evolutionary ecology into drug treatments and testing them for their efficacy in delaying resistance evolution: genetic conflicts, physiological conflicts, and environmental stochasticity.


The fostering of positive attitude toward Indonesian language to the students is done at least by teachers who also have a positive attitude towards the Indonesian language. This study aimed to observe the language attitude of elementary school teachers in Jakarta towards Indonesian formal writing and to reveal whether there are differences in language attitudes in terms of the status of schools (private and public). This study is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. Data collected through essay writing tests, questionnaires, and interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to 57 respondents from five areas in Jakarta, while the interviews were conducted to 12 teachers. Likert scales questionnaire form consist of statements about three components of attitude, namely cognitive, affective, and conative. This study found that elementary school teachers in Jakarta has a positive attitude towards Indonesian formal writing. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the language attitudes of public school teachers and private school teacher of elementary school. Although this study found that the teachers have a positive attitude towards Indonesian formal writing, their writing still showed deficiencies in application of aspects of language.


Student retention has become a concern for the educational administrator; as such huge investment has been made with public-private partnership in higher education. With growing importance towards job oriented courses the retention of students have created an alarming situation for both administrator and faculties. This paper is an effort towards finding out the factors influencing student retention. The conceptual framework has been developed through intensive review of literatures, which emphasize, the role of individuals (student), institutions, social and external factors are dominant in nature in determining the student retention. In addition to this faculties too have to realize there responsibility towards attracting and motivating the students while delivering lectures and mentoring sessions. The study provide guidelines to the educational administrator, faculties and students to work as a unit in order to achieve the educational success by the student retention.


A mobile terminal and a control method for the same are disclosed. The mobile terminal and the control method of the present invention comprises a display; a first camera to make omnidirectional photography images; and a control unit for displaying a rectangular image by converting at least one area of a ring-shaped image photographed by the first camera into the rectangular image. According to the present invention, the mobile terminal may realize an interface which is conveniently used by a user to make omnidirectional-still photography images or moving images using a 360-degree camera embedded in the mobile terminal.


A new trend to found offshore wind turbines at larger depths or on harder soils is to apply gravity based foundations (GBFs). These foundations are caissons with a set of properties which are different with respect to other caisson types. The number of constructed caissons is large and the timeframe for construction and transportation from land into water is small when these foundations are applied on commercially scaled offshore windfarms. In general, an offshore wind farm is constructed within two years and all GBFs must be constructed and transported into the water in a tight time schedule. To accomplish the construction and installation of a large number GBFs in a tight timeframe, a new design method is developed. A realistic case study is composed and the target is to construct and install 64 GBFs in front of the Belgium coast in a timeframe of 2 years. Two designs are considered, a materialefficient design and a design which is optimized regarding the constructability. When the GBF-design is known, the transportation method from land into water is considered. According to the decision matrix, developed in the literature study, the only feasible method is to apply a semi-submersible vessel. However this solution is quite expensive, whether the storage location is at the construction area or in the sea. Due to the large costs a new alternative method could be feasible. Several new ideas are created and the most promising solution is 'The immersion structure'. Because time is the most important factor, the construction planning and construction area layout are considered. Three options are considered and the most optimal construction planning is chosen. On four locations the construction activities are optimized and with the use of a production line it is possible to construct the 64 GBFs in time with minimal use of area and equipment. Because of the small area left, the storage location cannot be designed on the construction area. The design of the immersion structure consists of a platform which consists of H-beams and two concrete hollow legs. The immersion structure is innovative because it is placed directly on sand and no foundation works are needed. Due to the large capacity the main part of the caisson types can be transported. Because the structure is able to float it can be easily transported. At last the construction and operational costs of the immersion structure are compared with the cost of renting a semi-submersible vessel. The semi-submersible vessel seems to be the best solution but when the immersion structure is applied at multiple projects it could be a profitable solution. The depreciation and interest costs for the immersion structure are calculated and the immersion structure is profitable when a minimal utilization rate of 22% is achieved during a service lifetime of 20 years. Depending on the market development and the amount of applicable caisson construction projects the immersion structure could be profitable. Comparing with the case study the immersion structure is profitable if three comparable projects are executed in the service lifetime.


The set Λ of isols was extensively studied by Dekker and Myhill in [1]. Subsequently, Nerode [3] developed the theory of Λ(A), the set of isols relative to some recursively closed set of functions A. One of the main areas of interest of [1] was the natural partial order ≤ on Λ. In this paper we will examine some of the properties of ≤A on Λ(A). We use the following notations: ∣A∣ is the cardinality of the set A, ⊃ denotes strict inclusion, (a) is the power set of the set a, c is the cardinality of the continuum, and ω = {0, 1, 2, …}. The terms A-isol, A-immune, A-r.e., A-incomparable, etc. all refer to the usual meaning of these words, only taken in the context of the recursively closed set A. ReqA(a) is the A-r.e.t. of which a is a representative. By identifying a finite natural number with the A-r.e.t. consisting of sets of a given finite cardinality we see that ω ⊆ Λ(A); Λ(A) is said to be nontrivial iff ω ⊃ Λ(A). The three results proven in this paper are: Theorem 1. If Λ(A) is nontrivial, then ∣Λ(A)∣ = c. Theorem 2. If∣A∣ < c, then Λ(A) is nontrivial. Theorem 3. If ∣A∣ < c and ∣⊿∣ < c and ⊿ ⊆ Λ(A) − ω, then there is aΓ ⊆ Λ(A) − ω such that: (a) ∣Γ∣ = c. (b) Every member of Γ is A-incomparable with every member of Δ. (c) Any two distinct members of Γ are A-incomparable.


Due to the topology changing of the LEO satellite constellation, the topology snapshot-based uploading routing technique is discussed in this paper. Firstly, the topology rules are analyzed, and based on the timing slices rules, the satellite-to-satellite and satellite-to-station decoupled routing scheme is proposed. Then the upload and distribution methods are designed. The proposed uploading routing technique is simple and operable, providing basis for the LEO constellation routing design.


This research focuses on investigating the effect of quartz particle sizeand cement replacement on their physicomechnical properties. Portlandlimestone cement (PLC) was employed and replaced with quartz powder(QP) at various particle sizes (1.19 mm, 425 µm, 300 µm, 212 µm, <212µm) and cement replacement between 2.5 wt.% ~ 15 wt.% at interval of2.5 wt.% to study their impact on the cement properties. The PLC chemical composition revealed a relatively low lime and high silica contentcompared to the conventional cement. QP revealed a high silica, lime andsulphur contents compared to natural sand. A high consistence, elongatedsetting times and lower strengths and specific gravities were observed ascement was replaced with QP at a given particle size respectively. Theeffect of replacing cement with QP content between 2.5 wt.% and 15 wt.%at various particle sizes resulted in average increments by 45.32%, 23.13%and 36.06% for initial setting time, final setting time and water demandrespectively. This increase could be related with clinker diminution coupled with enhanced QP surface area and clinker diminution. Similarly, anincrease in the QP surface area at a given cement replacement led to higherwater consistence, retarded setting times and lower strength. The effect ofenhancing the QP' surface area between 1.19 mm and below 212 µm at agiven cement replacement resulted in average increments by 26.27%, 8.61%and 7.49% for initial and final setting times and water demand respectively.The strength gain of the QP cement blend diminished significantly above30% up to 15 wt.% cement replacement especially beyond 3 days. The lowstrength could be due to the high-water consistence linked with silica content resulting in setting time retardation. The optimal QP content was determined at 5 wt.% owing to the fact that the physicomechnical properties didnot significantly deviate from the properties of control.


Educational Data Mining (EDM) is an important tool in the field of classification of educational data that helps researchers and education planners analyse and model available educational data for specific needs such as developing educational strategies. Trends International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) which is a notable study in educational area was used in this research. EDM methodology was applied to the results of TIMSS 2015 that presents data culled from eighth grade students from Turkey. The main purposes are to find the algorithms that are most appropriate for classifying the successes of students, especially in science subjects, and ascertaining the factors that lead to this success. It was found that logistic regression and support vector machines – poly kernel are the most suitable algorithms. A diverse set of features obtained by feature selection methods are "Computer Tablet Shared", "Extra Lessons Last 12 Month", "Extra Lessons How Many Month", "How Far in Education Do You Expect to Go", "Home Educational Resources", and "Student Confident in Science" and these features are the most effective features in science success.
Keywords: classification algorithms, educational data mining, eighth grade, science success, TIMSS 2015.


The Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (IESS) is a decentralized public Ecuadorian entity created by the Constitution of the Republic, endowed with regulatory, technical, administrative, financial and budgetary autonomy, with legal personality and its own, which is delegated object providing the General Compulsory Insurance in all the national territory.
The National Assembly in l998 to reform the Constitution of the Republic, enshrined the permanence of IESS as the only independent institution responsible for the implementation of the General Compulsory Insurance.
The IESS, as determined by the current Law of Social Insurance, own, distinct from those of Treasury resources remains an autonomous entity with legal personality. Under the authority of the Comptroller Commission has reformed its statutes, regulations and resolutions to restore financial equilibrium.
The November 30, 2001, in Official Gazette No. 465 the Social Security Act is published.
As you can highlight the social benefits to workers affiliated to gone through several stages to the present in which the IESS Ecuadorian agency responsible for providing social security, with headquarters in Quito and agencies in almost
5
every capital of the province. Some of its important functions we can find: medical coverage to its members for which has hospitals in several cities, granting mortgage and unsecured loans, access to retirement pensions to workers. The ISSE is an organization whose organization is based on protecting the urban and rural population of working or dependency against the limitations or lack of contingency in areas such as maternity, overall health, workers' compensation, disability, unemployment, old age, disability or Death, currently keeping a period of significant structural transformation from its administrative base
The study has the characteristics of a diagnosis, with broad and general objectives that aimed to analyze the influence, effectiveness and working conditions for membership in the IESS and its impact on increased access to social security, for which you take in with consideration many important aspects such as: economic status of workers, excessive working hours, evasion of responsibility for enrollment and payment of employers, workers backed by the President of the Republic, campaigns IESS to publicize its benefits such as: pay, health care coverage, access to information, service to determine whether they are affiliated workers; all contribute to determine the degree of access to social security for workers.


Purpose: To emphasize the importance of renewable and alternative energy, as nations become increasingly reliant on increasingly less available conventional energy sources. Simultaneously, the long-term and detrimental effects of such reliance is explored and quanitified so as to better justify investments into renewable, widely available, and less polluting energy sources. Design/Metholody/Approach: Data is collected from a variety of publicly available sources and their relevance is explored through contrast and comparison. The graphs and data used primarily focus on energy and energy consumption such as fuel pricing and exporting as well as the rate of fuel exporting by various nations. Findings: Based on the data analyzed, through the continuous use of fossil fuels, a country faces multiple challenges: depletion of fossil fuel reserves, global warming, environmental concerns, geopolitical and military conflicts and, of late, a continued and significant fuel price rise. The authors conclude these problems create an unsustainable situation and that without converting their energy sector to at least be in part less reliant on hydrocarbons and similar fuels and more reliant on more widely available and less polluting energy sources such as sunlight or geothermal energy a nation will inevitably face a catastrophic collapse of their energy sector. Research Limitations/Implications: Without cooperation of the governments of leading energy consuming nations in redeveloping their energy sector based on this or similar research, little of what has been explored can be widely applied. Consequently, the conclusions of this paper represent a single step in the process of redefining worldwide energy consumption rather than giving an explicit answer. Further research will be needed in order to most fully present an effective argument to the public sector, the private sector, and the common citizen that energy habits must be changed. Originality/value: The conclusions reached are an essential part to understanding the wide reaching effects of the world's current energy habits. With the ever increasing threat of global warming, emptying fuel reserves, and unnecessary polluting and waste habits of most nation's energy sectors, this research, along with the cited data, can aid in the redirection of such energy habits before a point of no return.


Elbow pipes are crucial parts of many fluid transport systems in the oil and gas industry. The curved shape of such pipes induces centrifugal forces on the internal flow, ultimately affecting the flow velocity and creating pressure differences within the elbow. The present study aims to investigate the effects of the curvature ratio of an elbow pipe on the internal pipe flow using three-dimensional numerical simulations. For laminar flows, the simulations are based on four Reynolds numbers ranging from 200 to 2000 and three curvature ratios of Ro=5.6, 11.2 and 22.4. A mesh convergence study is carried out for 3 meshes with increasing resolution. The results based on the optimal mesh is then compared with the published experimental and numerical results for validation. Once the validation is confirmed, further simulation and analysis are performed for each combination of curvature ratio and Reynolds number. The results reveal that there is flow separation due to the centrifugal forces induced by the curved shape. It is also shown that secondary flows consisting of symmetrical helical vortices called Dean vortices are generated. The intensity of this secondary flow is shown to increase with the increasing Dean number.


Abstract This is a book review of Rochona Majumdar, Art Cinema and India's Forgotten Futures: Film and History in the Postcolony (Columbia University Press, 2021)


It is difficult to conceive of the history of naval warfare being researched, dis-cussed or taught without the idea of leadership emerging at some point in the process. Surviving on the sea, let alone fighting in ships, demands consistent collaborative action among those who undertake it. For a ship to move and fight, it requires individuals to apply their efforts in precise conjunction with their colleagues, and for this to happen the effort has to be coordinated and directed by someone recognised in that role. The importance of the leadership role or roles in this confined and hazardous environment has been enshrined in the rules conferring legal status and responsibilities since the Middle Ages. 32 These laws recognised the limits of authority, the need to consult others and the consequences of negligence or incompetence as well as defining the power of the master. They were distinct from the rules concerning the command of soldiers on the ships. However, in the 200 years between the 1490s and 1700, as the ship at war transformed from what was essentially a transport for soldiers into a formidable gun platform to be fought with in its own right, the separate leadership roles of the 'master' (commanding the seamen and navigation) and


Evgeny Semenov, Director of the Russian Institute for Economics, Policy and Law in Science and Technology (RIEPLST), PhD in Philosophy, ProfessorThe main objective of the article is the critical revision of conceptual basis of the ST the stagnation period (from the mid of 1996 to Spring 2004) and the second reform period (from Spring 2004 till present). The main principles of the first reform were the construction of S&T policy on the basis of new principles such as openness, democracy, targeted support of talented researchers and researches groups, equal accessibility of resources for researchers. The second reform focuses on forming the national innovation system and considers the science as a key element of this system. But the realization of current reform is difficult due to the insuccessive and insufficiently considered policy inherited from stagnation period.


This study was conducted with the participation of 21 pre-service science teachers attending the faculty of education of a university in Turkey. The study aims to evaluate pre-service science teachers' science games and science toy designs in terms of scientific creativity. Participants were given a four-week period to design science games or science toys to complement the contents of a biology course. The science games and science toys developed were then evaluated in terms of scientific creativity, using the following four criteria: "science knowledge, fluency, flexibility, and originality". The science games and science toys developed by the pre-service science teachers were found to be satisfactory in terms of science knowledge and flexibility, and unsatisfactory in terms of fluency. There was an inconsistent distribution in the dimension of originality. Keywords : scientific creativity, science games, science toys, creative design


Received 23.09.2017; accepted 30.10.2017; printed 30.12.2017 The preliminary study was conducted from February 2011 to January 2012 at Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Hosept. The study revealed the occurrence of a total of 22 species of Odonates in 19 genera belonging to 5 families from the study area. Among them the order Anisoptera which includes dragonflies was predominated with 17 (76%) species, followed by the order Zygoptera which includes damselflies with 5 (24%) species. The family Libellulidae was found to be the most dominant by 13 species with high percentage composition i.e., 76%, followed by the family Coenagrionidae by 3 species with 40% of total odonates species recorded from the study area. The status based on the frequency of occurrence of shows that 8 (36%) were common, 5 (23%) were very common, 3 (14%) were occasional, 4 (18%) were rare and 2 (9%) were very rare. The study highlights the importance and also provides the baseline information on status and composition of Odonates at Daroji Sloth Bear Sanctuary, Ballari District of North Karnataka for research on their biology and the conservation.


1948. My first course in entomology. I liked the subject, but just as important, I saw job potential. Here, too, I had the opportunity to interact with several OSU professors that began shaping my career -Donald Borror, Ralph Davidson (my undergraduate advisor), Dwight Delong. I also began my life-long friendship with Charles Triplehom, another undergraduate student, who was one year ahead of me.


Against the competitive landscape in which they are competitive companies, is essential that the business uses graphic elements-visual, known as trade dress, as a differential to attract customers and to stand out from its competitors. This set-image aggregates a secondary meaning to the trademark. The aplication of trade dress can occur with the packing process, in the formation of the product or in the commercial estabilishment. The problematic occurs when the visual appearance highlights like a factor of success and generating benefits to the businessman and draws attention to the imitators wich estabilish a paradise commercial, using their visual identity. The legislation does not include a specific device protection to trade dress and, most of the time, the institute is handled in court in the light of the repression of unfair competition. However, to prove fraudulent competition is no easy task. With the research presented in this study, the businessman find accessible means of protection in Brazil, in particular as regards the visual appearance of products and the architectural configuration of commercial establishments, by means of the provisions contained in the Law of Copyright and Industrial Property.


An unresponsive 27-month-old black girl was brought to the Johns Hopkins pediatric emergency room. For the prior 45 to 50 minutes, she had been the middle passenger in the backseat of a car that had been traveling from Washington, DC, to Baltimore. The car was described as "an old heap of junk" by an adult passenger who also reported that the car's heater was turned on with all of the windows closed except for the ajar driver's window, throughout the trip. The two other children in the backseat reported that the patient had repeatedly climbed down to the floor and back up to the seat during the trip; about 15 minutes before arrival, she had fallen asleep.


The human brain is the outcome of innumerable evolutionary processes; the systems genetics of psychiatric disorders could bear their signatures. On this basis, we analyzed five psychiatric disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia (SCZ), using GWAS summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Machine learning-derived scores were used to investigate two natural-selection scenarios: complete selection (loci where a selected allele reached fixation) and incomplete selection (loci where a selected allele has not yet reached fixation). ASD GWAS results positively correlated with incomplete-selection (p = 3.53*10−4). Variants with ASD GWAS p<0.1 were shown to have a 19%-increased probability to be in the top-5% for incomplete-selection score (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.11–1.8, p = 9.56*10−7). Investigating the effect directions of minor alleles, we observed an enrichment for positive associations in SNPs with ASD GWAS p<0.1 and top-5% incomplete-selection score (permutation p<10−4). Considering the set of these ASD-positive-associated variants, we observed gene-expression enrichments for brain and pituitary tissues (p = 2.3*10−5 and p = 3*10−5, respectively) and 53 gene ontology (GO) enrichments, such as nervous system development (GO:0007399, p = 7.57*10−12), synapse organization (GO:0050808, p = 8.29*10−7), and axon guidance (GO:0007411, p = 1.81*10−7). Previous genetic studies demonstrated that ASD positively correlates with childhood intelligence, college completion, and years of schooling. Accordingly, we hypothesize that certain ASD risk alleles were under positive selection during human evolution due to their involvement in neurogenesis and cognitive ability.


The article takes up the presentation at the Seminar as a contribution to its purpose of attempting to «define the core ideas, the fundamental keys to serve as a guide to detect, make visible and prioritise alternatives to the power of transnational corporations.» As a reaction to this questioning, some references are presented to make it possible to identify the key questions that structure the debate and point out the inescapable commitments for those trying to build an alternative. While these cannot fully encompass a topic as ambitious as this, at least they do not evade the challenge it poses.


According to the cDNA sequence encoding the human Adiponectin(ADPN),nine oligonucleotides were designed and synthesized.The ADPN gene was obtained by overlapping PCR technique.The expression vector pET22b(+)/ADPN was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3).The ADPN protein was expressed as inclusion bodies with the yield of more than 30% of total bacterial proteins under IPTG induction.The expression products were purified by Ni-NTA affinity column,SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the relative molecular mass of ADPN is 30 ku which was consistent with the theoretically predicted value.The result of inhibition of endothelial cell growth confirmed that ADPN can inhibit the endothelial cell proliferation at subphysiological concentrations,which appears time-dependent.All these results would contribute to the further study of its biological functions.


The article analyses the impact of the increased contact of languages, especially with English, as one of the most important globalization factors, on the Lithuanian language and its lexis in particular. The author discusses the distinctive character of Lithuanian and other languages and raises the problem of the changed relationship of Lithuanian and other languages under conditions of globalization. In Lithuania English is viewed as a prestigious language, whereas the prestige of Lithuanian is declining. The Lithuanian language is changing as such. Thus the semantic changes in the lexis of Lithuanian are analysed. The main source of the data for the research of Lithuanian is public spoken language, usually on the Lithuanian radio and television, and written language, i.e. the language of periodicals. The research relies on recent observations of public use of the Lithuanian language in the past five years (2009-2014). The analysis is based on the empirical and analytical methods. The analysis of the data of public use of Lithuanian reveals that globalization and the intensified language contact have impact on Lithuanian and specifically on the use of its lexis; the distinctive character of the Lithuanian language is undermined. The impact of English on Lithuanian has increased and the prestige of Lithuanian is declining. New meanings, which are not characteristic of the language, are attributed to internationalisms and Lithuanian words based on the meanings of respective English words; the number of semantic loan-translations from English increases, the norms of Lithuanian are violated. The semantic system of Lithuanian is brought closer to English. All this leads to the conclusion that we should borrow from other languages only the aspects which enrich the Lithuanian language rather than impoverish it. There is a need to raise the prestige of Lithuanian and cherish the tradition and distinctive character of the Lithuanian language. Keywords: globalisation, internationalism, lexis, loanword, semantic change, semantic loan-translation, seme, zoomorphism. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2014.017


Phosphates for determining diluted sugarcane juice in a calibration curve by photometric
technique consisting of five patterns P2O5 concentrations 1 mg / L, 2 P2O5 / L, 3 mgP2O5
/ L, 4 mgP2O5 / L and 5 mg P2O5 was performed / L to obtain a correlation of 0.9990 of its
variables in the Shimadzu UV 1800 spectrophotometer Jasco V in - 630 indicating a very good linearity. Once the calibration curve determined with their respective equation, we proceeded to perform reading patterns standards P2O5 concentrations 0.6 mg / L, 2.5 mg P2O5 / P2O5 L and 4.5 mg / L, also , a naturally low concentration sample 1 sample 2 high concentration, high spiked sample sample 1 and other low added of sample 1. Ten readings of standards and samples were performed once the data obtained, the necessary statistical validation parameters were determined yielding results P2O5 sensitivity of 0.0572 mg / L and 0.0584 P2O5 / L for Shimadzu UV Jasco 1800 V - 630 respectively, detection limits of 0.036 mg P2O5 / P2O5 L and 0.027 mg / L, quantitation
limits P2O5 0.12 mg / L and 0.090 mg P2O5 / L, the accuracy of the method was evaluated both equipment by calculating the error rate standards low, medium and high concentration found an inversely proportional to the analyte concentration and yield very low values of this error rate not exceeding 2% ratio, as to bias the standard solutions have values not exceeding 0.1 of bias, the repeatability of the method was determined by calculating the coefficient of variation obtained obtaining results that are below 2% for any of the standards and finally, recovery rates close to 100% For determining sugar Sulfur Dioxide, a calibration curve equally by photometric technique patterns composed of six concentrations 0 mg SO2 / Kg Sugar SO2 0.367mg / Kg Sugar 0735 mg SO2 / Kg Sugar was performed 1102 SO2 mg / Kg Sugar SO2 1.467mg / kg and
1835 mg Sugar SO2 / Kg Sugar obtaining a correlation of their variables 0.9997 0.9980
and the Shimadzu UV 1800 spectrophotometer Jasco V in - 630 indicating a very good
linearity.


Multiplication plays a fundamental operation in arithmetic. Multiply and accumulate operations are used in many digital signal operations like FFT, DFT, convolution and arithmetic and logic unit of microprocessors. In many DSP applications, the Multiply Accumulate unit is a major contributing factor to the critical path delay and will affect the performance of application. Low values of time delay and power consumption are the major specification for many applications. This paper describes high –speed, area efficient and lower power Vedic multiplier. The Vedic multiplier is based on the vedic multiplication formulae called Sutras. Urdhva Triyakbhyam Sutra is a general multiplication sutra applicable to all cases of multiplication. The meaning of Urdhva Triyakbhyam is vertically and crosswise. The end digits of two lines are multiplied and the output is summed with the previous carry. Initially the carry-in is taken to be zero. When there are more lines in single step, all the outputs are summed to the previous carry. LSB of the number will one of the final output digits and the rest will act as the carry in for next step.


In Spain, 74% of injury crashes occur on rural two-lane highways. Therefore, one of the strategic priorities detailed in highway safety plans is the specific study of these highways. This study aimed at investigating crash patterns and contributory factors on rural two-lane highways so as to propose specific road safety countermeasures. The analysis method consisted in identifying decision rules extracted from decision trees (DTs). As the traditional method of rule extraction is limited by a DT's structure, some important relationships between variables may not be identified. For this problem to be overcome, an in-depth method for extracting rules from DTs was used. Because the implementation of any corrective road safety measure is constrained by the available resources, the strongest patterns that describe the road safety issue must be extracted. For identification of the strongest rules, a new criterion, lift increase criterion, was defined. Single-vehicle crashes on two-lane rural highways in the province of Granada in Spain were analyzed. Crash data were relative to the 7-year period 2003 to 2009. Rules were obtained by using both gain information and the information gain ratio as splitting criterion. The rules obtained by application of both criteria were consistent and complementary; therefore, the authors recommend the use of both methods to build DTs. Results of the study highlighted several patterns contributing to severe crashes and potentially effective countermeasures. Main patterns were pedestrian crashes, run-off-the-road crashes, run-off-the-road crashes involving powered two-wheelers, crashes involving powered two-wheelers, and crashes at night without illumination.


A posteriori error estimates for semi-discrete finite element methods using a pth degree polynomial basis were considered for nonlinear singular parabolic equations.The error estimates were obtained by solving local parabolic equations for corrections to the solutions on each element using a p+1st degree polynomial,which is zero at the nodes.


OBJECTIVE:  To develop a rapid, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of tryptophan in gastric juice to help the differentiation between gastric cancer and benign gastric disease.


In spite of the tremendous advances in computing power and continuous improvements in simulation software made in recent decades, the accurate estimation of wind turbine performance using numerical methods remains challenging. Wind turbine aerodynamics, especially when operating outside of the design envelope, is highly complex: blade stall, laminar-to-turbulent boundary layer transition, rotational effects (lift augmentation near blade root), and tip losses are present. The scope of this research is to show that the classic Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) modeling approach, although extensively tried and tested, is not yet exhausted. The NREL Phase VI rotor was used as a basis for numerical methodology development, verification and validation. The numerical model results are compared in detail with the available measured data, both globally (turbine torque and thrust, and blade bending moment) and locally (pressure coefficient distributions and aerodynamic force coefficients at several locations on the blade) over the entire experimental wind speed range. Stall initiation and spread over the blade span are well captured by the model, and rotor performance is predicted with good accuracy. RANS still presents significant value for wind turbine engineering, with a great balance between accuracy and computational cost. The present work brings potential impact on all applications of wind turbines, especially targeting offshore wind energy extraction for which great development is expected in the near future.


s (underlined = graduate student; * = postdoctoral scholar) [128] Anderson, R.B., Long, S.P., Horton, B.K., Calle, A., and Stockli, D.F., 2014, New apatite and zircon (UTh)/He constraints on the timing of thrust-related exhumation in the southern Bolivian (21 ̊S) Andes: AGU Fall Meeting. [127] Barber, D., Stockli, D.F., Koshnaw, R.I., Horton, B.K., and Kendall, J.J., 2014, Detrital zircon U-Pb and (UTh)/He double-dating of Upper Cretaceous-Cenozoic Zagros foreland basin strata in the Kurdistan region of northern Iraq: AGU Fall Meeting. [126] Horton, B.K., 2014, Recognizing Andean uplift and the growth of continuous topographic barriers: AGU Fall Meeting [invited]. [125] Horton, B.K., Fuentes, F., *McKenzie, N.R., Constenius, K.N., and Alvarado, P.M., 2014, Effects of flat slab subduction on Andean thrust kinematics and foreland basin evolution in western Argentina: AGU Fall Meeting [invited]. [124] Koshnaw, R.I., Horton, B.K., Stockli, D.F., Barber, D.E., Tamar-Agha, M.Y., and Kendall, J.J., 2014, Role of Neogene exhumation and sedimentation on critical-wedge kinematics in the Zagros orogenic belt, northeastern Iraq, Kurdistan: AGU Fall Meeting. [123] Perez, N.D., and Horton, B.K., 2014, Punctuated upper-crustal shortening, exhumation, and basin subsidence during flat-slab subduction in southern Peru: AGU Fall Meeting. [122] Sundell, K.E., Saylor, J.E., †Villarreal, D., and Horton, B.K., 2014, Testing geodynamic models for surface uplift of the central Andean plateau through volcanic glass paleoaltimetry and basin analysis in southern Peru: AGU Fall Meeting. [121] Horton, B.K., Levina, M., Fuentes, F., and Stockli, D.F., 2014, Rapid thrust propagation and exhumation of foreland basin fill in the Precordillera thrust belt, flat-slab segment of the southern central Andes, Argentina: GSA Abstracts with Programs. [120] *McKenzie, N.R., Horton, B.K., Hughes, N.C., Myrow, P.M., and Stockli, D.F., 2014, The role of continental magmatic arcs on Phanerozoic pCO2 and icehouse-greenhouse transitions: GSA Abstracts with Programs. [119] Saylor, J.E., Sundell, K.E., and Horton, B.K., 2014, Constraints on geodynamic models of surface uplift from hydrogen isotopes of volcanic glass in southern Peru: GSA Abstracts with Programs,


Background CD20 is a cell surface antigen commonly expressed on B-cell lineage, but is absent on hematopoietic stem cells and plasma cells. Therefore, it has been postulated that its targeting should not significantly affect immunoglobulin serum concentrations. However, due to rapid and prolonged B-cell depletion, rituximab-based therapy has been shown to impair humoral response. In addition, protective serologic response to influenza vaccination in lymphoma patients in the 6 months following rituximab-containing regimen has been found to be particularly low1. Because the vast majority of adults individuals have been previously vaccinated against tetanus, we decided to analyse the impact of prolonged rituximab-based therapy on the immune protection rate against tetanus toxin in patients, and conducted in this aim a sub-analysis in follicular lymphoma (FL) patients treated into the PRIMA study. Methods The PRIMA study is a multicentre, phase III, randomized study in patients with advanced FL evaluating the benefit of maintenance therapy with rituximab after induction of response with chemotherapy plus rituximab in comparison with no maintenance therapy, whose results have been previously published2. In a subset of patients, serum samples were prospectively collected and antitetanus toxin antibodies were measured at baseline, end of immunochemotherapy induction and end of maintenance period. Protective titer was defined as > 0.1 UI/mL according to standards. Statistical analysis aimed to determine if serum antitetanus antibodies titers significantly changed over time according to different phases of treatment, and if rituximab maintenance arm had a significant impact as compared to observation arm. Results Overall, 104 patients were evaluable for this subanalysis. Fifty-five percent were male. Median age was 57 (range, 27-80), 88.5% had Ann-Arbor stage III-IV disease. All patients had received R-CHOP induction. Among those patients, 56 were randomised into rituximab arm, 48 into observation arm. At baseline, median serum antitetanus antibodies titers in the overall population was 0.8 UI/mL (range, 0–8) and 89.4% of patients had protective titers. At the end of induction, among the 70 evaluable subjects, 90% had still a protective titer with a median of 0.7 UI/mL (range, 0-4), and at the end of maintenance period, among the 62 evaluable patients, 93% had still protective titer with a median of 0.8 (range, 0-3). When comparing the two arms, at the end of maintenance period, median serum antitetanus antibodies titer was 0.8 UI/mL in the rituximab arm, not significantly different from that in the observation arm (0.6 UI/mL) (p=0.17). At the end of the maintenance period, 100% of subjects had still protective titer in the rituximab arm versus 84.6% in the observation arm. Conclusion In this subanalysis of 104 FL treated patients issued from the PRIMA study, rituximab-based induction and maintenance therapy did not significantly affect the immunisation rate against tetanus toxin in previously immunized patients. These results are in contrast with the poor serologic response rate obtained following rituximab-based therapy, emphasizing that common serum vaccinal titers should be controlled, and vaccination updated, when possible, before treatment initiation and the first rituximab administration. References 1-Yri O, Torfoss D, Hungnes O, et al. Rituximab blocks protective serologic response to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccination in lymphoma patients during or within 6 months after treatment. Blood 2011, 118 (6769 – 6771). 2-Salles G, Seymour J, Offner F, et al. Rituximab maintenance for 2 years in patient with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma responding to rituximab plus chemotherapy (PRIMA): a phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011, 377 (42-51). Disclosures Karlin:Sandoz: Consultancy; celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria. Delmer:Roche: Honoraria. Brice:Seattle Genetics, Inc.: Research Funding; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Roche: Honoraria.


In this study, we propose a useful system for remote sharing of transmission electron microscope (TEM) images by connecting three computers: a computer connected to a TEM, a computer distributing images, and a computer receiving images. Then, we confirmed the performance of three web conferencing systems, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, and Google Meet, to evaluate the usefulness of their remote use based on the clarity of images, smoothness of movement, and time lag in images on each computer in the system. A screen image can be captured using the following two methods: a virtual camera of a video distribution software that provided a good reaction speed to transfer images and the screen sharing by conference system software that could share high-quality images.


Transient DC conductivity connected with geminate ion pairs in a nonpolar liquid is calculated on the basis of the Onsager model for conditions under which a significant negative current component can be observed. Two computational techniques are used: a finite-difference scheme and stochastic simulation of charge diffusion and recombination. The conditions for the experimental observation of the negative current during the pulse photoionization of an organic additive dissolved in a nonpolar liquid are considered. Calculations are performed for liquid hydrocarbons with low mobility of excess electrons, such as n-hexane and methylcyclohexane.<<ETX>>


Abstract: When we talk about world peace and issues that are to be addressed then we are talking about all the big and small issues which are directly or even indirectly related to human rights, health, international law, justice, migration, oceans and seas, peace and security, population, refugees, water, gender equality, democracy, climate change, e.t.c. The Purpose of the study is that we have to understand the cause of armed conflicts. We have to develop the ways to prevent the war like situations, genocide, terrorism, e.t.c. Furthermore, we have to develop some systems and societies which can take care of all these. We have to educate ourselves and others to increase the awareness of mutual survival. We have to work on the elimination of all biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons in the world. Furthermore, we have to promote democracy with education because democracy without education is dangerous. The adverse effect of this can be remembered by how the dictatorship of Hitler came to an end in Germany.


ABSTRACT The Witting reaction of (carbethoxymethylene)triphenylphosphorane with perbenzylated sugar δ-lactones and their 2-acetamido-2-deoxy derivatives is described. It is shown that this olefination occurred readily with the galacto and gluco derivatives, leading stereoselectively to Z-C-glycosylidenes in good yields. However, the same reaction with the perbenzylated 2-deoxy-D-arabino-hexono-1,5-lactone and the mannonolactones worked poorly. Reduction over Pd/C followed by acetylation of the obtained C-glycosylidenes led stereoselectively to peracetylated β-C-glycosides and amino β-C-glycosides. The olefin function could also be reduced selectively by Raney nickel or NiCl2/NaBH4, affording the perbenzylated C-glycosides and amino β-C-glycosides. Other transformation of the enol ether function is also reported.


New techniques in plasma cutting cause far less collateral damage at incision surfaces and a higher surgical precision than previous methods.


The invention relates to a Lackiertray (10) for electromechanical assemblies (1), in particular ultrasonic sensors, receiving with the module (1), for each module (9) has a receptacle (21) having base (20), and one to the basic body (20) attachable lid member (50), wherein the lid member (50) for each module (1) has a passage opening (51) which is arranged such that a portion of the assembly (1) having a portion to be treated (3) at least almost without gaps by the passage opening (51) protrudes, and wherein the base body (20) includes means for draining from the lid member (50) in the base body penetrating (20), in particular liquid media.


The study of optical resonators is of significant importance in terms of their ability to confine light in optical devices. A major drawback of optical resonators is the phenomenon of light emission due to their limited capacity for light confinement. Bound states in the continuum are gaining significant attention in the realization of optical devices due to their unique ability for reducing light scattering via interference mechanisms. This process can potentially suppress scattering, leading to improved optical performance. Using this concept, a metasurface having two elliptical silicon (Si) resonators nonidentically angled to create an out‐of‐plane asymmetry is studied. Various parameters are optimized by employing a genetic algorithm (GA) to subsequently achieve a high‐Q factor at terahertz frequencies. Herein, the device is fabricated using a novel method, and a thick high‐index resonator is achieved. Terahertz measurements are carried out to validate the results. It is indicated in the experimental results that plasmons appear at the top surface of the metasurface and create strong sharp resonances that are sensitive to the external environment. Owing to strong field confinement ability, and high‐Q factor, the metasurface is sensitive to its surrounding environment and can be essentially employed in terahertz sensing applications.


The transition from subcritical to supercritical flow when the inflow Froude number F o is close to unity appears in the form of steady state waves called undular hydraulic jump. The characterization of the undular hydraulic jump is complex due to the existence of a non-hydrostatic pressure distribution that invalidates the gradually-varied flow theory, and supercritical shock waves. The objective of this work is to present a mathematical model for the undular hydraulic jump obtained from an approximate integration of the Reynolds equations for turbulent flow assuming that the Reynolds number R is high. Simple analytical solutions are presented to reveal the physics of the theory, and a numerical model is used to integrate the complete equations. The limit of application of the theory is discussed using a wave breaking condition for the inception of a surface roller. The validity of the mathematical predictions is critically assessed using physical data, thereby revealing aspects on which more research is needed..


Poloxamer-188 (P-188) is a polymer well renowned for possessing medical properties. Present study was conducted with an aim to evaluate Hepato-protective potential of P-188 against paracetamol induced liver damage in wistar albino rats. Group-I served as Normal control which received normal saline 5ml/kg of Body weight (BW) for 7 days. Group-II served as Negative control in which animals received same dose as mentioned in Group-I. Group-III, IV and V animals received P-188(50mg/kg), P-188(100mg/kg) and silymarin (25mg/kg) respectively for 7 days. Except Group-I all other groups challenged with a very high dose of paracetamol (750 mg/kg) to induce hepatotoxicity. Biochemical estimation results showed that SGOT, SGPT and ALP levels were increased in negative control group animals which were decreased to normal levels when treated with P-188. There was highly significant (p<0.0001) decrease of these values in all three treatment groups. Moreover decrease in P-188 treated groups is dose dependent. Histopathological study supports the results of biochemical estimation. Negative control animal showed inflammation with mild cholestasis. P-188 (50mg/kg) showed mild inflammation, more number of normal hepatocytes, whereas P-188 (100 mg/kg) showed scattered lymphocytes among normal hepatocytes and kupffer cell hyperplasia, no incidence of inflammation and necrosis. Based on these results we can conclude that P-188 is a hepatoprotective polymer.


Background: There are some reports in the literature showing t hat hypothalamus synthesizes and secretes amino acid neurotransmitte rs. According to several studies, elevated serum levels of gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA), a potent inhibitory neurotransmitter, have recently been imp licated in the pathogenesis of neural diseases. The purpose of this research was t o estimate the effects of curcumin on GABA's level in rat's hypothalamus. Materials and Methods : We used a standard animal model of rats (n=18) wi th mean weight 190-210 g, to determine the effects of administration of curcumin at the end of the experimental period, one week, two w eeks, four weeks and eight weeks ,at doses of 250 mg/kg and 625 mg/kg on GABA level in hypothalamus. On the day of experiment, hypothalamus was extracted and homogenized through a 10 -µm filter, rinsed with PBS, re-filtered, and centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 15 min. Then rat hypothalamus was weighed, and homogenized (10% w/v) in 0.1 M PBS with poltroon homogenizer at pH 7.4. Homogenates were used immediately for determination of GABA level. Quantifications of GABA in all samples were performed by enzymatic method. Results : Our results indicate that curcumin has a potentia l to increase GABA content in the rats' hypothalamus. These results su ggest that curcumin holds promise as a natural agent to control or decrease t he signs of lack of GABA level. Conclusion: Curcumin may be used clinically as a neuro-protect ive drug for treatment of patients suffering from neuron damage.


We consider preemptive online scheduling algorithms to minimize the total weighted/unweighted flow time plus energy for speed-scalable heterogeneous multiprocessors. We show that the well-known priority scheduling algorithms Highest Density First, Weighted Shortest Elapsed Time First, and Weighted Late Arrival Processor Sharing, are not O(1)-speed O(1)-competitive for the objective of weighted flow even in the special case of fixed variable speed processors (aka the related machines setting). This illustrates that scheduling heterogeneous multiprocessors is a different, and algorithmically more challenging problem, than scheduling homogeneous multiprocessors.

We then show that a variation of the non-clairvoyant algorithm Late Arrival Processor Sharing coupled with a non-obvious speed scaling algorithm is scalable for the objective of unweighted flow plus energy on speed-scalable multiprocessors. This is the first provably scalable non-clairvoyant algorithm on heterogeneous multi-processors, even in the related machines setting, for the objective of total (unweighted) flow time.


The electronic and transport properties of a perfect amorphous graphitic carbon model constructed by Townsend et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 921 (1992)] are studied by first-principles calculations within the local-density approximation. It is shown that such a random system with two-dimensional interaction in a three-dimensional structure is a high-resistivity metal. A zero-temperature resistivity of about 1160 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm and a positive thermopower at low temperature are obtained. Localized states near the Fermi level are induced by subtle difference in the \ensuremath{\pi} bonding of different ring structures. Relaxation time due to elastic electron-electron scattering and the Fermi velocity are estimated to be 2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}15}$ s and 2.61\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ m/s, respectively.


Laminated rubber bearing is the main bearing type of medium-small span bridges and the important component connecting upper and bottom structure of bridge.Deterioration is one of the main failure modes of it.Based on grey correlation degree,the factors influencing deterioration of laminated rubber bearing under impact loading are analyzed,which can provide scientific reference for the construction and maintenance of bridge bearing.


How do mistakes made by a robot affect its trustworthiness and acceptance in human-robot collaboration? We investigate how the perception of erroneous robot behavior may influence human interaction choices and the willingness to cooperate with the robot by following a number of itsunusual requests. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment in which participants interacted with a home companion robot in one of two experimental conditions: (1) the correct modeor (2) the faulty mode. Our findings reveal that, while significantly affecting subjective perceptions of the robot and assessments of its reliability and trustworthiness, the robot's performance does not seem to substantially influence participants' decisions to (not) comply with its requests. However, our results further suggest that the nature of the task requested by the robot, e.g. whether its effects are revocable as opposed to irrevocable, has a significant impact on participants' willingness to follow its instructions.


The author analyzed the multi-programming of FANUC numeric-controlled user macro programs with real examples,aimed at the characteristics of flexibility,intelligence,and versatility of user macro programs,which provides train of thought for the research and development of the user macro programs.


Abstract The directional response of ocean waves in turning wind situations has been studied with detailed wind and wave observations in open sea and with numerical simulations of the physical processes involved. The observations were acquired with pitch-and-roll buoys in the central and southern North Sea. They are selected and corrected to represent locally generated homogeneous wave fields in deep water. The response time scales thus obtained agree well with one published dataset. The disagreement with other published datasets is shown to be due to differences in analysis techniques, at least partially. The numerical simulations are carried out for homogeneous situations in which a constant wind suddenly shifts direction or rotates. These simulations show that the atmospheric input to the waves tends to rapidly turn the mean wave direction to the new wind direction. This, however, is opposed by whitecapping dissipation and nonlinear wave-wave interactions. The effect of whitecapping on the turning rate...


In existing person re-identification methods based on deep learning, the extraction of good features is still a key step. Some efforts divide the image of a person into multiple parts to extract more detailed information from semantically coherent parts but ignore their correlation with each other. Others adopt self attention to reallocate weights of pixels for learning the association between different regions. This association can improve the accuracy of the person re-identification task, but the features obtained by this type of algorithm have high redundancy, which is not conducive to the expression of feature information. In order to address the above challenges, we propose a feature extraction method based on a novel attention mechanism which combines the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm and non-local operation. We embed the attention module into the ResNet50 backbone network. The attention module captures the correlation between different regional features through non-local operation and then reconstructs these features through the EM algorithm. In addition, we divide the network into a global branch and a local branch, where the global branch extracts the complete features, and the local branch uses the Batch DropBlock method to erase a portion of the features to achieve feature diversity. Finally, extensive experiments validate the superiority of the proposed model for person re-ID over a wide variety of state-of-the-art methods on three large-scale benchmarks, including DukeMTMC-ReID, Market-1501 and CUHK03.


The relationship of agronomic traits and the grain protein content were analyzed by 7 traits of 17 strains of multi-spikelet wheat.The 7 traits were plant height,grain wheat,seed/bar,small ears,dry/fresh,flag leaf area and productive tiller respectively.The results showed that the effect of 7 traits on the protein content was not conspicuous,the plant height and seed/bar affected relatively more grain protein content of multi-spikelet wheat,and wheat grain protein content was a multi-factors variable.While the grain protein content of multi-spikelet wheat displayed a shape of "V" during filling stage.


In order to investigate the constitutive relationship for cement and asphalt mortar( CA mortar) under different strain rates,a statistical damage constitutive model considering the strain rate effect of CA mortar was established by using the method of statistical damage mechanics. In addition, the variation of damage properties of CA mortar with strain rate was discussed. The research results show that correlation coefficients between fitting results based on the constitutive model and experimental ones are all above 0. 978 1,and the constitutive model can effectively reflect the transformation of toughness to brittleness of CA mortar with the increase of strain rate. A great strain rate will result in a small damage rate of CA mortar before the peak damage rate and a big damage rate after the peak damage rate.


The antiwear (AW) and extreme-pressure (EP) properties of some metallic dialkyl- and diaryldithiophosphates (MDTP), including zinc, have been studied in different metal/metal contact conditions: four-ball and FZG rigs.

It was noted that with pure dialkyldithiophosphates of different divalent metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co), prepared from the same alcohol, four-ball, EP results, expressed in terms of load-wear index, show that the highest performances are obtained with ZnDTP, but, statistically, the higher the ionic radius of the metal, the better the performance, while EP results, expressed in terms of weld load, do not show any difference between the MDTPs. Four-ball AW results, expressed in terms of wear scar, show that the highest performances are obtained with ZnDTPs; beyond a certain value these performances with Zn and Pb are almost independent of the concentration. For the other metallic DTPs, there is a very close relationship between performance and concentration.

On the FZG gear rig, EP-AW results, expressed in terms of failure load stage and specific wear, show that statistically, the higher the ionic radius of the metal, the better the performance. With ZnDTP four-ball, EP results, expressed in terms of load wear index, do not depend on the chemical structure of the alcohol used for synthesised ZnDTP, but, if results are expressed in terms of weld load, better performances are obtained with ZnDTP synthesised from secondary alcohols. AW results show that the effectiveness of ZnDTP from secondary alcohols is slightly higher when the alcohols used contain less than six carbon atoms. Beyond six carbon atoms in primary or secondary alcohol molecules, performances decrease. FZG, EP-AW results show that performance does not depend on the primary or secondary nature of the alcohols used, and that the smaller the hy-.


A method for producing a electrical component (1) having a passivated with a plastic surface (2), characterized in that a prefabricated body made of the plastic (3) and to be passivated surface (2) of the component (1) together introduced, and are brought by a pressure exercised in constant contact, wherein an inner surface (14) of the pre-body (3) having the surface (2) of the component (1) in inverse form.


cupping of developing leaves, and crinkling (Fig. 5). As the rate increased, the intensity of the symptoms and the number of leaves with symptoms increased, and the stem elongation was reduced. At 60 DAT, only the highest rate produced abnormally smaller flower size than the untreated plants. At 90 DAT, growth was normal at all rates of glyphosate. Symptoms from the combination of 2,4-D and glyphosate were similar to those described earlier for the 2,4D treatment. Slight symptoms of glyphosate injury developed 14 DAT, but these disappeared within 10 days. All rates resulted in normal growth at the end of the growing season, except the highest rate that gave slight 2,4-D symptoms. This study clearly illustrates that rose plants are sensitive to chlorsulfuron, 2,4-D, thifensulfuron, glyphosate, and bromoxynil, and these herbicides might cause significant damage if they drift in sufficient quantities on rose plants. Although each herbicide caused characteristic symptoms, some of these symptoms may resemble those caused by diseases, mineral deficiencies, and environmental stresses (Horst, 1983). Therefore, because of the potential ambiguity of visual symptoms, reports should be based on all symptoms and herbicide residue analysis.


Near Infrared Reflectance (NIR) spectrophotometer is widely used in analyzing grains, water and oil. The spectrophotometer is able to analyze without destroy the chemical property of sample. There are many methods in its quantitative spectral analyses. Partial Least Squares (PLS) method is a good alternative to the more classical multiple linear regression. 40 tobacco sample data are described to illustrate the spectrophotometer calibration on PLS regression and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR). The result is related to calibration in chemical analysis. The values of components from PLS method is more precise than that from MLR method. It is proved that the PLS regression is a powerful multivariate calibration method and more suitable to the on-line or real-time analysis.


An improved generalized genetic algorithm was proposed here.A heterogeneous strategy was introduced to increase population diversity and avoid premature convergence.This algorithm was applied to the robust optimization problems of structures under complicated loading.The objective function of the generalized genetic algorithm was constructed by using the signal-to-noise ratio of Taguchi target.Numerical examples demonstrated that the heterogeneous strategy can raise the convergence probability of the global optimal solution and speed up the process of convergence;combined with the robust design method,the improved generalized genetic algorithm can effectively solve the robust optimization problems of structures with uncertain parameters under complicated loading.


There is something more catastrophic than the end of the world, especially when 'world' is understood as the horizon of meaning and expectation that has composed the West. If the Anthropocene is the geological period marking the point at which the earth as a living system has been altered by 'anthropos,' the Trumpocene marks the twenty-first-century recognition that the destruction of the planet has occurred by way of racial violence, slavery and annihilation. Rather than saving the world, recognizing the Trumpocene demands that we think about destroying the barbarism that has marked the earth.


It has been proved that the equation of particles motion in a gel is subject to the wave equation. This is why we can use the conceptual framework for finding involutes to establish wave fronts in iron oxyhydrate colloid.


Squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) plants were grown on normal and on nitrogen-deficient nutrients. The degrees of label incorporation into chloroplast lipids as well as non-chloroplast lipids were determined. Nitrogen-deficient tissues contain less chlorophyll, have a decreased chlorophyll a/b ratio, incorporate more label into phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine than into the chloroplast lipids such as mono- and digalactosyl diglycerides, have a reduced capacity to incorporate the hexose moieties into the glycolipids but normal capacity to incorporate bases into the phospholipids of non-chloroplast constituents, and have a normal level of total fatty acids even though the level of linolenate is decreased. All of this would suggest that the most evident changes in membrane lipid constituents during nitrogen-deficiency occur as changes in the chloroplast lipid constituents as opposed to the non-chloroplast lipid constituents.


Black rat snakes (Elaphe o. obsoleta) are important predators of nesting birds and small mammals in fragmented landscapes. Thus, we used radiotelemetry to study movements of 32 black rat snakes at Remington Farms, Maryland, during 1988-89 to determine potential ways to minimize their depredations, Yearly home ranges were similar (P > 0.05) for males and females (x ± SE) (convex polygon, 9.49 ± 1.01 ha; 95% harmonic contour, 10.52 ± 1,24 ha), but males covered more (P < 0.05) of the home range earlier in the spring. Snakes were familiar with habitat features within their home range, returning to the same areas after prolonged absences. Snakes used forest edge, residential, hedgerow, and herbaceous/brush habitats more (P < 0.05-0.001) than expected by chance


IT IS apparent that the community in general is becoming increasingly aware of the risks associated with the application of many of our scientific advances. That this awareness has escalated in recent years to a general feeling of fear and suspicion of science and industry is largely the fault of those institutions themselves in not alerting the public to the dangers that may accompany the development and deployment of their products. The concern of the layman is legitimate, as the many past abuses of trust will confirm. The tragic history of the thalidomide debfJcle is now part of our social lexicon; the suppression of scientific evidence concerning its ill effects is well known. The book Scientific Advances and Community Risk, is a collection of papers presented to a meeting of the Science and Industry Forum of the Australian Academy of Science in October, 1978; it contains only two papers which seriously attempt to come to grips with the given topic. The first is a paper by Professor Charles Kerr on "The perception of risk in the nuclear debate", and the other is by Dr R. G. Downes, of the Victorian Ministry of Conservation, on "The environmental effects of industry in relation to public expectations and policy". Most of the other papers are cases of special pleading for the alleged high benefits and alleged low risks of the author's academic or industrial interest, such as genetic engineering, the SYNROC process of high-level radioactive waste storage, medical drugs and pesticides. The authors clearly have conflicts of interest between promoting their "products" and informing the public of potential hazards. For instance, Dr B. W. Langley, the Chemistry Research Manager of ICI, England, had this to say concerning genetic engineering:


A water-based liquid cleansing agent for removing dyes, paints, scumbles, oils and/or tars from human skin contains a combination of hydrated castor oil with an organic solvent in the form of a carboxylic acid ester of formula R-CO-(OCH2CH2)n-OX, where R stands for C1-C3 alkyl, n is a number from 1 to 4 and X stands for C1-C5 alkyl. The cleansing agent also contains an anionic and/or nonionic tenside and abrasives.


In this paper, we propose a new method for exploring an unknown environment with a team of homogeneous mobile robots. The goal of our approach is to minimize the exploration time. The challenge in multi-robot exploration is how to develop distributed algorithm to govern the colony of robots while choosing its new direction so that they simultaneously explore different regions. In this paper we use the extended version of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to robotic applications, which is referred to as Robotic Particle Swarm Optimization (RPSO), a technique to compute robots new location. To better adapt this technique to the collective exploration problem, and maximize the exploring area, we propose a new method for computing PSO's global best parameter. Experiment results obtained in a simulated environment show that our new method of computing PSO's global best parameter increases the explored area with a shorter time convergence.


Having more than one national variety, Dutch is considered a pluricentric language (Clyne, 1992). The main national varieties are Netherlandic Dutch (spoken in the Netherlands) and Belgian Dutch (spoken in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium). Interestingly, the process of linguistic standardization evolved differently in both regions. While the Netherlands independently developed a standard variant of Dutch, the standardization process of Belgian Dutch was delayed due to the influence of French. When the standardization of Dutch in Flanders resumed its process, an explicit exonormative orientation was adopted. Instead of developing a Belgian Dutch standard, convergence with the (long established) Netherlandic Dutch norm was promoted, aiming for a uniform Standard Dutch (Geeraerts, 2003). To measure the convergence between the two national varieties, we will compare the word choice in the lexical field of sins and virtues. As such, this study represents a followup of Geeraerts et al. (1999), which looked at uniformity levels for clothing and football concepts in 1950, 1970 and 1990. The study confirmed the tendency of convergence between the two national varieties over the investigated time span and its attribution to the exonormative orientation of Belgian Dutch. In addition, from a synchronic point of view the distance between the standard and substandard language was distinguished as larger in Belgium than in the Netherlands. Although the results are readily interpretable and largely parallel for both lexical fields, their extrapolation to other lexical fields or other parts of speech requires further research. For instance, building on this tradition, Impe and Speelman (2007) investigate the role of attitudes vis-a-vis different varieties of Belgian Dutch and Plevoets (2008) zooms in on the morphological characteristics of the substandard Belgian Dutch variety, also called Colloquial Belgian Dutch (CBD). CBD is also elaborated on more generally in Geeraerts (2011) and from a lexical point of view in Zenner et al. (2009). Closer to the original study of Geeraerts et al. (1999) are for instance Grondelaers et al. (2001b), through their inclusion of content words and prepositions, and the exploration of the methodological possibilities in lexical lectometry by Ruette (2012). Then, with the extension to sins and virtues, we acquire not only more data (i.e. a new lexical field), but we can also examine the role of part of speech and the impact of the lexical field itself.


Results from the measurement of dynamical $K/\pi$ and $p/\pi$ ratio fluctuations are presented. Dynamical fluctuations in global conserved quantities such as baryon number, strangeness, or charge may be observed near a QCD critical point. The first measurement of results of $K/\pi$ and $p/\pi$ fluctuations from Cu+Cu collisions at an energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 22.4 GeV are shown. This energy range is close to the top SPS energy and has garnered additional interest due to the proposed QCD critical point search at RHIC. The new Cu+Cu data is compared to previous results from Au+Au collisions at the energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, and to measurements from the NA49 experiment. The dynamical $K/\pi$ fluctuation results from Cu+Cu at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 22.4 GeV are in good agreement with previous measurements from the STAR and NA49 experiments near that energy. Results are compared to theoretical predictions from several models including the HIJING and UrQMD models.


The Newberry Library in Chicago possesses one of the most distinguished collections of medieval and Renaissance manuscript books in North America. Based on two major private collections of the late nineteenth century those of Henry Probasco and Edward E. Ayer and scrupulously added to in this century, the holdings include late medieval bibles and breviaries, books of hours and books of homilies, and seminal texts on astronomy. Some of the books, such as those from the libraries of Philip the Good and Anne of Brittany, are beautifully illuminated. But the collection also includes an unusual array of "typical" medieval books, chosen not for their beauty but for their paleographical, codicological, and textual interest. Such codices include an eleventh-century Carthusian monk, and numerous books of hours adapted for feminine use. Paul Saenger has painstakingly identified the text, illumination, physical structure, and provenance for each of the more than 200 books in the collection to provide an exemplary guide to literate culture in the late Middle Ages. This catalogue, carefully researched and handsomely illustrated, will be an invaluable resource for historians, art historians, paleographers, bibliographers, and collectors."


Purpose: Evaluating the possibility of Korean traditional folk paintings in the development of eyewear accessories. Methods: Esthetic values with vivid colour and layout of Korean traditional folk painting was evaluated. Reevaluation of those values was applied into eyeglass cleaners and eyeglass case with modernized fashion. Those accessories had an advantage of suitable space to represent visually images of the paintings. Results: Currently, Korean traditional folk paintings receives attention as an international cultural contents. Therefore, it would be possible to enhance cultural consumption of the product whose image was changed with cultural image of the paintings. Conclusions: Utilization of esthetic values into eyeglass makes a positive effects of eyewear accessories, which can be resulted in an expanding international market of eyewear accessories.


A Longitudinal epidemiologic study was developed for the isolation, biochemical characterization and molecular typing the bacterial pathogen Clostridium spp found in soil from areas affected by bovine sudden mortality. Weincluded 10 herds, located in three localities. The genetic variability of Clostridium genus was analyzed by DNA sequence of a 1500 bp fragment from the 16S rRNA gene. Twenty four Clostridium isolates were biochemically classified as Clostridium sordellii (41,7%), Clostridium glycolicum (12,5%), Clostridium hastiforme (12,5%); Clostridium botulinum (8,3%), Clostridium butyricum (8,3%); Clostridium chauvoei (4,3%),Clostridium limosum (4,3%), Clostridium septicum (4,3%) and Clostridium tertium (4,3%). The bacteria that showed pathogenic activity were studied further by 16S rRNA gene sequencing at, which 55.5% was classified as C. botulinum, where the native strain isolated from areas with outbreaks wasfound in a different group from Clostridium spp. used by commercial laboratories for vaccine production. Additionally, the native strain identified here differs from others reported in Gen Bank, indicating that the native pathogenic Clostridium spp. is genetically different to other Clostridium spp. used to prepare immunogens affecting vaccine efficiency. Our results indicate that the use of native strains could improve commercial vaccine preparations, increasing bovine immune response.


interest as revealed by the German contributions to the meeting. Taken together, the German contributions seemed to me to spring from a more systematic and coherent approach to the study of information phenomena, with more emphasis on human and social factors and less on technology, than one would find at present in Britain. The meeting opened with welcoming addresses from Prof. W. Kunz (GID, Heidelberg) and Prof. P. Canisius (DGD, Frankfurt). The IRFIS meetings have already led to collaborative research within Europe but Canisius suggested that perhaps the time had come for a more formal linking of IRFIS with other international bodies in this field. We then began the presentation and discussion of the 24 papers accepted by the referees and collected together by Hans Dietschmann. As these


Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor that accounts for roughly 10-12% of all benign bone forming tumors. This tumor generally occurs within the first three decades of life and occurs more commonly in males. This lesion is painful and is generally worse at night and has relief of symptoms with the use of NSAIDs. Osteoid osteoma is characterized by the production of osteoid surrounded by a rim of sclerotic bone. These lesions most commonly occur in long bones such as the proximal femur, however they can occur anywhere. Rarely, as with our patient, have these lesions been reported in the acetabulum.


The present study evaluated treatment outcomes and the treatment indexes among Glanzmann's patients in Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Patients and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to evaluate the treatment protocols on 15 Glanzmann's patients with bleeding therapeutic records in Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2006 to 2011. Results: The total recombinant factor VIIa used was 137mg and the total infused platelet concentrates was 68 units, with platelets used in order being: apheresis platelets, leukoreduced pooled platelets, leukoreduced platelets, and random donor platelets with 35, 16, 13 and 4 units respectively. In 90% of bleeding sequences, leukoreduced platelets were available and the average admission per patient was 3.46 times, the average leukoreduced platelets consumption per patient was 4.26 units and the average use of recombinant factor VIIa per patient was 9.13mg. Other Indexes included the average hospitalization per patient per year of 0.69% times, the average consumption of non- random platelet per patient per year of 0.85% units, the average consumption of recombinant factor VIIa per patient per year of 1.83mg, the average consumption of non random platelet for any hemorrhage incidence or elective surgery of 1.3 units, and the average consumption of recombinant factor VIIa for any hemorrhage incidence of 2.8mg.