In this paper the author is determinig the basic principles in the process of building the e-Government model in the new economy suroundings. The emphasis of the paper is placed on international standards considering protection of citizen's privacy and personal data.


The thesis is mainly concerned with baseband codes. First the paper will introduce the significance and application of baseband codes research. Then comparison between unipolar and bipolar signals capabilities resisting noise will be demonstrated. Moreover, calculation of channel capacity is utilized to demonstrate the difference between NRZ and RZ waveforms. After four kinds of waveforms, they are matched into groups and contrast them in frequency domain. Lastly, few common baseband waveforms are generated so that the discussed factors application can be illustrated more vividly. The thesis is to illustrate fundamental theories more reasonable and figurative.


Summary form only given. Resolution limits in microlithography are primarily the result of an inability to generate adequate image contrast or modulation in exposure systems with acceptable throughput. However, there are instances in which resist chemistry has limited production capability in the past and it may do so again. Ultimately, it may be necessary to explore changes to the design of chemically amplified resists because of intrinsic (or isofocal) bias limitations. There is a mounting body of evidence that suggests that the intrinsic bias in classical acid catalyzed systems may be too large to allow controlled imaging below about 30-40 nm. The implications of these studies will be discussed.


ObjectiveTo study the effects of Hypoglycemic Ziyabiti Table in liver.MethodsThe effects of Hypoglycemic Ziyabiti Table were proved through experiments in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.ResultsHypoglycemic Ziyabiti Table was able to inhabit the alloxan-induced hyperglycemina of mice,increase the content of hepatic glucose and decrease hepatic glucose output,and protect liver.ConclusionHypoglycemic Ziyabiti Table can improve the effect of liver in diabetes.


Effective gene delivery is critical for gene therapy and depends on the development of safe and effective delivery carrier. Ideal gene delivery carrier should possess plenty of good properties,including high delivery efficiency,low cytotoxicity,less effect on physiological function of normal cells,and ease of use and duplication. Nanomaterials have potential applications in the field of drug and gene delivery due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Especially,magnetic nanoparticles( MNPs) with nano-effect and superparamagnetic properties are very promising carrier for gene delivery. However,gene delivery efficiency of MNPs is affected by multiple factors,including the types,sizes and surface properties of nanoparticles and external magnetic field,which should be considered synthetically for designing MNPs so as to achieve higher gene delivery efficiency. Currently,MNPs have been successfully used for in vitro gene transfection as a powerful tool in cellular and molecular biology. However,many problems about in vivo gene therapy of MNPs still exist,which remain to be further studied.


A statistical design of experiments for the post-applied bake and post-exposure bake temperatures for two types of resists, the commercial formulation AZ FX 1000P and an experimental resist AZ EXP 20 X, was carried out using contrast, clearing dose and dark erosion as response variables examined. It was found that for AZ FX 1000P dark erosion could be suppressed entirely and contrast improved by employing a lower PEB without significant impact on the contrast. In this manner, a substantial improvement in the image quality for AZ FX 1000P was obtained. AZ EXP 20X was not susceptible to dark erosion at higher post-applied bakes as was AZ FX 1000P. Both resists gave better imaging at lower post-exposure bake temperatures in the range of ~110°C, presumably because of excessive acid diffusion at higher temperatures, such as 150°C. Generally, the contrast achievable with AZ EXP 20 X (>16) is much higher than that possible for AZ FX 1000P (~6).


Based on the experimental study on TLP diffusion bonding of SiC particle reinforced Albased composite and aluminium alloy, the extensive study on the dissymmetry of dissimilar materials TLP diffusion bonding process was conducted, and the isothermal solidification kinetics of TLP diffusion bonding process of dissimilar materials was mathematical modeled. The numerical results were compared with the content profiles of each element in the joint area. The research indicates that the bonding interface departures to aluminium alloy from the original central line in the joint area of SiC particle reinforced Albased composite and aluminium alloy, and the content profile of solute atoms distributes fairly asymmetrically. Because of difference of the solute atoms diffusion speeds and the metallurgical reaction between interlayer and base metal, the dissymmetry exists obviously in dissimilar materials TLP diffusion bonding process. And the isothermal solidification kinetics model can be used for illustrating TLP diffusion bonding process of dissimilar materials.


Introduction: Looking Back Chapter One: Possible Persons and the Crisis of Personality Chapter Two: An Architectonics of Romanticism and the Otherness of Persons Chapter Three: Forms of Personhood and Inter-Personality in the Literary Genres of Romanticism Conclusion: Looking Ahead Bibliography Index


Based on nutrition catering,food taboos,health assessment and electronic health record,also heredity,eating,living habits,occupation and other factors,supported by nutrition health association,disease prevention medical institutions and other professional research organizations,the e-commerce system for health management enterprise takes advantage of round-the-clock Internet to track the health condition in order to forecast and give early warning for illness.This system not only provides individual all-around health management services for protecting consumers' health,but also greatly improves the competitiveness and efficiency of health management enterprise.


Placement of multiple distributed generators (DG) in distribution system is addressed in this paper. A multiobjective index, formulated by combining the appropriately weighed diverse performance indices, is evaluated using Genetic Algorithm to assess the suitable locations and sizes of DG units to be placed. The impact of DG model on DG siting and sizing are also addressed considering different voltage dependent load models. The simulation study is carried out on a typical 25 bus Indian system and the results of the study show that the DG model significantly affects the placement location, size of the unit and penetration level (sum of the size of DG units) in a distribution system.


Future scientific missions, such as virtual telescopes or interferometers, will require precise formation flying, such that the relative positions of spacecraft are controlled very precisely. The present paper discusses how to suppress relative position variation during one orbit. In the present paper, we propose a new approach to choose an adequate initial position and velocity, such that the relative position is maintained when averaged over one orbital motion, and design a predictive, discrete feedback controller. An along-track formation control in low earth orbit is taken as an example, where the J2 term and air drag are the two representative natural disturbances. Numerical simulations are performed in order to validate the proposed controller and investigate how the size of minimum impulse affects control accuracy.


In tradition, when we want to collect some document, first we notify everyone who must submit it by email.Then, the people submit the document by email.Next, the collector must create corresponding directory, and copy the corresponding document into the directory.In this way, is takes a heap of time to do this work, and easily make some mistakes.More important, if need the people who has not submitted, it can be much difficult.This paper implemented a Java web system based on B/S.The system can auto create the directory on server based on the Excel provided by the collector, and at the same time auto send email to the specified people.When the people upload the files on the website, the manager can stat the people who has not submitted, and download the document submitted.The system can improve the efficiency and avoid the mistakes.


Acquisition footprint refers to the artifacts in the seismic data acquisition. It is the imprint which is impressed on 3D seismic data by not quite suitable geometry. Footprint makes the attributes, such as amplitude, frequency, and phase change on time or depth slices. The paper analyses the effect of acquisition footprint on the seismic and geologic attributes with actual seismic data. The discussion focuses on the basic principle, application conditions, advantages and disadvantages of several seismic data processing methods, such as, bin equalization technology, pre-stack data interpolation, and 3D post-stack frequency-wavenumber domain filter to suppress the acquisition footprint. Finally these methods' application results with the actual seismic data are shown, the goal is to find some effective approaches to suppress the acquisition footprint in seismic data processing.


A series of state-of-the-art temporal integrators, based on the variable-step, variable-order algorithm of C. W. Gear, were implemented and evaluated. Three of these integrators have been tentatively selected for use in dynamic simulation codes which have extended stability domains and will accommodate large sets of ODEs. A general-purpose numerical-method-of-lines dynamics simulation code, DSS/2 (Differential Systems Simulator, Version 2), was written as a series of FORTRAN IV subroutines and tested with a series of ordinary and partial differential equation problems. In particular, the code was used to compute the complete transient response of a fixed-bed catalytic methanator. The ODE and PDE sections of the DSS/2 system have been documented in two general-purpose user's manuals. These manuals are based on the assumption that the user can write FORTRAN IV subroutines and link them through labelled COMMON. The steady-state methanator for the methanation section of the RMProcess has been modeled as a catalytic, adiabatic, plug-flow reactor which considers simultaneous water-gas shift and methanation reactions. The unsteady-state methanator has been modeled as a catalytic, adiabatic, flow reactor with axial dispersion of mass which considers simultaneous water-gas shift and methanation reactions. Complete transient responses have been calculated.


PSA is synthesized derivatives, wherein the reduction and / or non-reducing end terminal sialic acid is converted to N- hydroxysuccinimide ester (NHS) group. The derivatives may, for example, a reaction substrate containing an amine or hydrazine groups with the formation of an uncrosslinked / crosslinked poly sialic acid compound. The substrate may be, for example, treatment of drug use, or a peptide or protein drug delivery systems.


A simple hand method is presented for the three-dimensional stability analysis of buildings braced by frameworks, coupled shear walls, shear walls and cores. Sway buckling behaviour is characterized by three types of deformation: the full-height 'local' bending of the individual columns, wall sections, shear walls and cores, the full-height 'global' bending of the frameworks and coupled shear walls, which is associated with the axial deformations of the column and wall sections, and the shear deformation of the frameworks and coupled shear walls. Based on the stiffnesses associated with these three types of deformation, a closed formula is derived for the calculation of the sway critical load. An analogy between bending and torsion is used to carry out the pure torsional buckling analysis. The interaction between the bending and shear modes as well as among the basic buckling modes (sway in the principal directions and torsion) are taken into account. A worked example with step-by-step instructions shows the easy use of the method. The results of a comprehensive accuracy analysis involving 73 multistorey buildings are also given together with comparisons with other analytical methods. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Two experiments examine the process by which free gift promotions serve as a source of information about the underlying value of the product offered as a free gift. The value-discounting hypothesis argues that by virtue of being offered as a free gift, products will be valued less as evinced by lower purchase intentions and a lower price that consumers are willing to pay for them. Conditions that inhibit the value-discounting effect include the (a) presence of alternate price information to make judgments about the value of the gift, and (b) contextual information about the value of the promoted brand.


We are developing an array of new autonomous hydrophones, benefiting from a long-lasting collaboration with the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA and Oregon state University). The hydrophones are deployed on a mooring line anchored to the seafloor by an expendable anchor weight. The length of the line is adjusted so that the sensor (and buoy) lies in the middle of the SOFAR channel at about 1000m depth for mid-latitudes (depending on the speed-of-sound profile). The buoy at depth keeps the line under tension and prevents wave-motion noise from the sensor. The instrument continuously samples and records the acoustic signals at 240Hz for seismic studies, or 480Hz (or more) for marine mammal studies. The SOFAR channel acts as an acoustic wave-guide in the ocean so that acoustic waves can propagate with little attenuation over long distances. Autonomous hydrophones allow the detection and localization of the low-magnitude (Mw>2.5) seismic activity along oceanic ridges and in deformed intraplate areas, which remains generally undetected or poorly localized by land-based seismic networks. An array of hydrophones can monitor a much wider area (more than 1000 km across) than ocean-bottom seismometers, which suffer from the rapid attenuation of seismic waves in the crust and upper mantle. Arrays of autonomous hydrophones thus succeed in detecting and locating 30 to 50 times more earthquakes than those listed in the catalogs from land-based seismograph stations.


The problem of methodology of teaching a foreign language in constantly changing realities of modern global world is of current interest. This is due primarily to the fact that along with the changes of historical realities the lexical-phraseological language base is also changing. New words and expressions are taking the place of the existing ones. It is mostly expressed on the example of the texts of social and political subjects. Considering these factors teachers of a foreign language should regularly update their training materials, as well as teaching methods. It is important to understand that the main purpose of teaching subjects, such as reading newspapers and modern historical texts, is the acquisition of skills of translation and interpretation by students. It is necessary to get the idea of the basic processes of linguistic transformation and the proper use of new words and expressions. It is possible to identify some common trends: abbreviation, simplification of the text, borrowing from foreign languages along with the emergence of new concepts, etc. In case of Japanese there is a number of specific features. A figurative way of thinking of the Japanese people based on characters influence the tendency to visualize a text. Speaking of new concepts a lot of loan-words are used as they are. The so-called "mixed" terminology (when only a part of the phrase is a loanword) is also used. The common use of Internet resources and the globalization have a great influence on the word formation. This fact may be illustrated by the wide spreading of blogs in which the most of linguistic innovations are somehow reflected. Understanding the processes of lexical transformation is an important part of teaching of any foreign language. Knowledge and ability to use the new terminology will be useful in professional activity of students.


Large acceleration forces can seriously affect the physiological conditions of a pilot and cause loss of consciousness (G-LOC). There is a lack of a quantitative method to detect the state of a pilot during the high G condition so that a more sophisticated protective device can be designed. The authors propose a G-LOC detection and state determination method by use of wavelet analysis of the EEG signal together with the application of 1/f power theory.


Introduction: Richter's hernia is a rare entity representing a small percentage of all hernia cases. These are small fascial
defects that entrap partial circumference of the bowel and vary in presentation with associated increases in morbidity and
mortality.
Case Report: A 78-year male presented with Richter's hernia of the umbilical region which was diagnosed intra-operatively. The content was the
ileal wall with pre-gangrenous changes. Because of doubtful viability resection of the segment and end-to-end anastomosis was done. The postoperative period was uneventful.
Discussion: In female and old age patients, Richter's hernia is common with the femoral and inguinal regions being the common sites. The
presentation may vary from vague pain abdomen and swelling to gangrene and perforation peritonitis. Some patients present as intestinal
obstruction while in some cases the presentation mimics acute gastroenteritis. Radiological investigations like X-ray, ultrasonography (USG),
and CT (computed tomography) scan aid in diagnosis but most of the time diagnosis is made intraoperatively. Surgical reduction or resection is
often warranted depending on the viability of entrapped segment.
Conclusion: To diagnose and manage this deceptive clinical entity experience and expertise is required. Timely taken decision and intervention
helps to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with it


High-level SPICE modeling or Macromodeling of Analog and Mixed-Signal circuits, involving ideal controlled sources, passive R-L-C components, diodes, is a significant benefit for system level simulation, design-space exploration, inter-process migration and test-development etc. In this work, a Top-Down method is proposed for generating parameterized high-level SPICE models of analog cell level components from an existing SPICE template library. For implementing the Top-Down tool, a generic Equation-Solver is developed to calculate the model parameter values depending on cell level specifications. The developed Equation-Solver is capable of solving any directly solvable non-linear circuit equation. Therefore, the tool is useful to construct model of non-linear analog subsystems in addition to linear analog components. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach, in terms of simulation time complexity, is demonstrated using a developed cell level SPICE model of a benchmark DC-DC Buck Regulator circuit.


A cytological study of 11 Astragalus species from Northwestern China has been carried out in this paper.Out of which 9 have been karyologically analysed,A.cupulicalycinus and A.jiuquanensis are merely reported chromosome numbers.The numbers of all species are based on x=8,a base number predominant in Old World species,and no aneuploidy is found.Except A.cupulicalycinus,a hexaploid with number of 2n=48 and A.jiuquanensis that has two cytotypes,tetraploid with 2n=32 and hexaploid with 2n=48,other species are all diploid,with number of 2n=16.The karyotypes of 9 species are formulated as follows:A.arbuscula,2n=16=14m+2sm,"1A" type of Stebbins;A.ellipsoideus,2n=16=10m+6sm,"2A" type of Stebbins;A.scabrisetus,2n=16=14m+2sm,"1A" type of Stebbins;A.henryi,2n=16=8m+8sm (2SAT),"2A" type of Stebbins;A.habaheensis,2n=16=10m+6sm(2SAT),"2A" type of Stebbins;A.variabilis,2n=16=4m+10sm(2SAT)+2t,"2A" type of Stebbins;A.ammodytes,2n=16=6m+10sm (2SAT),"2A" type of Stebbins;A.densiflorus,2n=16=6m(2SAT)+10sm,"2A" type of Stebbins;A.lehmannianus,2n=16=14m(2SAT)+2st,"2A" type of Stebbins.The chromosome numbers and karyotypes are all reported here for the first time except for chromosome number of A.variabilis that has been reported before by Zhang Ma (1989).


Autorotation characteristics for typical scale model helicopter in terms of induced velocity, rate of descent, main rotor rotational speed, thrust and torque were studied. Power-off after hovering manoeuvre was picked for a case of study because of their critical induced velocity state. Contribution in every blade element in the effect of thrust, torque and induced velocity has been taken in consideration by blade element momentum theory for better results. Newton second laws were used in kinematics analysis for enabling the rate of descent, helicopter acceleration and main rotor rpm to be prescribed. In this analysis, the results show all the autorotation characteristics fluctuated at the beginning then become constant at the end. This situation proved that transition from hovering to steady autorotation has been achieved.


My bachelor work describes making use of accounting information for the financial ma-nagement of spa XY a.s. The work is dividend into a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part deals with law for accounting, the most important accounting state-ments and theory for the financial management of a company including financial analysis. The last theoretical chapter is controlling. The beginning of the empirical part analyses spa's environment and company XY a.s. After that analysis of the financial information processing, controlling department and financial analysis of the company is done. The end of the empirical part focuses on the summary and recommendations how tu improve the financial management.


Waste can be used for energy sources from waste gas or composting. Energy can also be obtained from burning waste that can not be processed by incineration for power plants (PLTSa). Besides, garbage can also be used for the manufacture of creative products such as bags, bags or wallets from used coffee wrappers or also the use of waste paper for the manufacture of containers and invitations or paper ornamental paper. The waste in the Kepulauan Seribu is numerous and consists of two types of garbage: household and industrial waste and waste from the sea. Considering the condition of garbage in Kepulauan Seribu it needs to be analyzed about the potential of garbage as the fuel of garbage power plant and creative product to support tourism in Kepulauan Seribu District Administration. The steps taken are calculating the volume and types of waste in the Kepulauan Seribu, then calculating the energy owned by garbage and calculating the economic potential for the creative product from the waste. After that it will analyze energy potential and economic potential of waste. The final result of this research is expected to know the potential of garbage for the fuel of garbage power plants and creative products.


To implement Educational Mobility Management (MM), school organization for the acceptance of the lecture and which subject is well suited to MM are recognized as the important issue. One of the way to solve these problems is to develop the program being able to implement easy and short duration. In this study, we implemented an Educational MM program in Hadano city, and measured the effectiveness for the children before and after the program, and ten months after the program by questionnaire survey, and collected advice to improve the program by interview survey for the teachers. We analyzed the data measured by questionnaire, the data suggested that the effectiveness of the program was continued after the ten months of the lecture.


Context switch is an essential feature of modern operating systems. The purpose of context switch is to provide concurrency processing of multiple programs. However, the backup and reload procedures due to context switch are time consuming. In this work, we propose a Racetrack-memory SRAM hybrid (RSH) cell design, which can be used to replace current SRAM cells in caches, to reduce the overhead of context switch. Using RSH reduces the overhead of context switch by 65.2% on average with 34% area overhead, compared with traditional SRAM designs.


We present a method based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) to modeling the Vacuum Packed Particles (VPP)—a class of smart materials/smart structures. Mechanical properties of VPP can be simply adjusted by controlling the underpressure, which makes the structures very interesting from practical point of view, giving raise to numerous applications, including smart grippers [2], dampers [1, 6] or medical tools [5].


Despite the implementation of permanency planning, passage of the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-272), and the recent increase in the use of home-based services to strengthen family functioning, the number of children placed in out-of-home care has increased significantly. One national estimate documented a 29.6% increase in the number of children in out-of-home care: from 280,000 in 1980 to 360,000 in 1989 [Tatara 1992]. A recent analysis of the characteristics of children in care estimated that 12.4% (42,160) of the children had long-term family foster care as their primary placement goal [Tatara 1992: 107-108]. Because of social problems such as substance abuse, family breakdown, and mental illness, an alarming number of children will be reared to adulthood by foster parents.A disproportionate number of the children who will be reared in long-term family foster care will be African American or members of another ethnic minority group [Tatara 1992]. If these children are to experience adequate spiritual and intellectual development within the foster care system, cultural identification, ethnicity, and social class must be integrated with all other placement considerations. As discussed by Stevenson et al. [1992], knowledge, attitudes, and skills are equally important components of ethnically competent practice.Because it is beyond the scope of this article to discuss the multicultural implications involved in placement of all children of ethnic minority descent, we will focus on one particular group to throw light on all; as Molefi Asante [1991] stated, Afrocentricity is a part of multiculturalism. By describing certain African American psychosocial realities, we may be better able to see how these realities fit into our multicultural society. This article discusses aspects of practice that must be addressed in providing ethnically sensitive services to African American children and families in family foster care.CULTURALLY COMPETENT CASE ASSESSMENTThe assessment phase is critical to successful placement and effective case planning in family foster care. Being culturally competent in this work requires skills in thinking cross-culturally and in considering differences within ethnic groups. In the assessment of ethnically diverse individuals, one must operate from a knowledge base that is grounded in reality and addresses itself to the plethora of ideas, values, and lifestyles of their particular group. Accurate assessment of beliefs, virtues, and attitudes in the African American community depends upon a clear understanding of the issues that affect this specific group's members as well as people in our larger society. Afrocentric assessment in out-of-home care, then, basically involves looking at the African American client's world through the eyes of each African American client.One of the ways in which we miss the mark in working with African American families is by oversimplification or by making sweeping generalizations regarding African American families without regard to differences that exist within this group. Within-group diversity has rarely been considered in program development, policy-making, and implementation in the African American community. Therefore, in family foster care (and other practice arenas), assessment and measurement instruments must consider intracultural diversity if they are to be most accurate. Boyd-Franklin [1989: 6] clearly articulates this point:The tendency of policymakers and clinicians alike has been to categorize racial and cultural groups along stereotypical lines, a tendency particularly prevalent about Black families. Given the heterogeneity of cultural variables that are present in Black families and communities, it ought to be patently clear that there is no such entity as the Black family. The great diversity of values, characteristics, and lifestyles that arises from such elements as geographic origin, level of acculturation, socioeconomic status, education, religious background, and age reveals such categorization to be inaccurate and ultimately unproductive as an assessment tool. …


The policy of subsidizing the underprivileged students has helped many students receive higher education to some extent,and it has also aroused the students' interests in learning.However,in carrying out the policy,there are some problems,which are against the purpose of the policy.The problems are mainly caused by the students' lack of credibility and integrity,their weak sense of socialist outlook on honor and shame,their failure to seek fairness and justice,and the negative influences on them from the society.Therefore,this paper points out that it is necessary to improve the ideological and political education of college students from the following aspects:the credibility and integrity,the socialist outlook on honor and shame,the thanksgiving,and the resistance against negative influences from the society.


Purpose: We aimed to conduct an updated systematic review and network
meta-analysis (NMA) to estimate the efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H.
pylori) treatment strategies in Arab countries. Methods: We
systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), EBSCO, and
EMBASE from inception to July 18, 2020, using boolean operators.
Retrieved articles were screened, and relevant data were extracted. We
used R programming software to analyze extracted data. Results:
Fifty-four articles (n= 7829 patients) were included in the NMA. Pooled
overall analysis demonstrated that adjuvant therapy (standard triple or
sequential therapy plus another adjuvant drug) was the best treatment
with higher odds of eradication rate [OR= 6.42, 95% CI (1.37: 30.05),
P-score= 0.21]. Moreover, Seqential therapy (SQT) and Quinolone based
therapy (QBT) were associated with higher eradication rate compared to
other regimens [OR= 4.83, 95% CI (1.49: 15.64), P-score= 0.30] and
[OR= 4.32, 95% CI (1.15: 16.16), P-score= 0.36], respectively. In
adults, the efficacy of QBT was higher than other stratigies in terms of
H. pylori eradication [OR= 2.00, 95% CI (1.09, 3.69), P score=
0.19]. In naïve population, QBT and SQT were associated with
substantial eradication rate [OR= 1.94, 95% CI (1.19: 3.16), P
score=0.19] and [OR= 1.66, 95% CI (1.10: 2.50), P score=0.33],
respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that standard triple or
sequential therapy plus another adjuvant drug, QBT and SQT therapies
were the most effective regimens for eradicating H.pylori in Arab
countries.


AbstractWind pressures acting on a cubic building with openings exposed to stationary tornadolike vortices were studied experimentally. The effects of opening ratio, single central opening azimuth,...


The nuclear receptor fetoprotein transcription factor is coexpressed with its target gene HNF-3b in the developing murine liver intestine and pancreas Abstract During organogenesis, the winged helix hepatocyte nuclear factor 3b (HNF-3b) protein participates in regulating gene transcription in the developing esophagus, trachea, liver, lung, pancreas, and intestine. Hepatoma cell transfection studies identi®ed a critical HNF-3b promoter factor, named UF2-H3b , and here, we demonstrate that UF2-H3b is identical to the fetoprotein transcription factor (FTF). In situ hybridiza-tion studies of mouse embryos demonstrate that FTF expression initiates in the foregut endoderm during liver and pancreatic morphogenesis (day 9) and that earlier expression of FTF is observed in the yolk sac endoderm, branchial arch and neural crest cells (day 8). Abundant FTF hybridization signals are observed throughout morphogenesis of the liver, pancreas, and intestine and its expression continues in the epithelial cells of these adult organs. In day 17 mouse embryos and adult pancreas, however, expression of FTF becomes restricted to the exocrine acinar and ductal epithelial cells. q 1999 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. The winged helix (Clark et al., 1993) transcription factor HNF-3b is important not only for hepatocyte-speci®c gene expression (Lai et al. expression of the HNF-3b gene is regulated by the liver transcription factors CCAAT enhancer binding protein (CIEBP) family and HNF-6 (see Fig., of which HNF-6 is expressed at the onset of mouse liver and pancreatic morphogenesis (Landry et al., 1997; Rausa et al., 1997). HNF-3b promoter studies have also identi®ed another nuclear binding factor, UF2-H3b, which is critical for HNF-3b promoter activity and binds to a consensus sequence for nuclear factor FTF, an orphan receptor which was ®rst identi®ed as activating the a-fetoprotein (AFP) gene in early embryonic liver, and may exert important developmental functions in endodermal cell lineages (Pani et al., 1992; Galarneau et al., 1996). In order to verify that FTF and UF2-H3b were identical transcription factors, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) were performed with either liver nuclear extracts or in vitro translated human FTF protein and FTF binding site oligo-nucleotides from the a-fetoprotein (FTF/AFP) and HNF-3b (FTF/UF2-H3b) promoters (Fig. 1). These DNA binding studies showed that the speci®c FTF protein-DNA complexes formed with these promoter binding sites were super-shifted by the FTF antibody and thus veri®ed that UF2-H3b and FTF are identical factors (Fig. 1B,C). Cotransfection assays performed in Hep3B hepatoma cells with the FTF cDNA expression vector (Galarneau et …


Simplicity is a key factor in the development of high-density systems. The authors discuss a balanced, four-quadrant, fully-analogue vector-matrix multiplier (VMM) and a vector quantiser (VQ) which require very small silicon area for their implementations, while presenting high linearity, a totally flexible input dynamic range, a symmetric power consumption behaviour, and are inherently suitable for parallel operation. The circuits require only four transistors per synapse in the VMM and two in the VQ, plus two (small) refresh transistors.


Pandemics have increased the importance of understanding future building construction systems' regional characteristics due to the increasing number of country-specific industrial systems and the growing potential for international collaboration through video conferencing.

 This study aims to develop a method to objectively understand the characteristics of regional building construction systems.

 The "architecture concept" tool was used to develop the proposed idea and ensure objectivity. This concept focuses on the interdependence of the components to be created. However, considering that all construction projects are conducted under different conditions, a relative discussion between projects tends to exist. This study aims to transcend this relative discussion to achieve sophistication in the proposed approach. Therefore, this work focuses on a detailed view of the most complex construction parts standardized in each region.

 As a case study, we examined the approaches adopted in the UK and Japan, i.e., in Europe and Asia, respectively. The proposed concept confirmed that the approaches adopted in the UK exhibited modular characteristics, whereas those in Japan had integral characteristics pertaining to the fundamental design concept of construction.

 This study developed a method for the utilization of the characteristics of each region by understanding the trends of the unique fundamental design concepts of building construction in the UK and Japan. Based on the results, the characteristics of many other regions in the construction industry can be understood.


In this paper, we present a general procedure for fitting the weighted l p norm in order to estimate travel distances in a distribution system. An important finding of our study is that the search for the best-fitting value of the parameter p can be restricted to the interval (0, 2], provided the reference axes of the distance function are oriented to match the directional bias inherent in the transportation network. The advantages of our methodology and particularly the importance of properly aligning the reference axes are demonstrated through a case study of the road system in Southern Ontario. Although attention is restricted to the weighted l p norm, the concepts presented are readily extended to other distance functions such as the block norms of Ward and Wendell.


In this article, we assess the value of information technology related intangible assets and then use data on business practices and management capabilities to understand how this value is distribu...


Parallel file system is an efficient method of resolving I/O bottleneck in cluster.And the data storage techniques are very important for a parallel file system with high performance and high usability.A simple and efficient parallel file data storage model was implemented.A fixed stripe size and redundant data placement technique was used.Experimental results show the method has improved the usability of file data.


Address for Correspondence: Dr Bharat Trivedi, Professor and Head, Department of Human Anatomy, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College & Hospital Visnagar, Dist. Mehsana, Gujarat, India. E-Mail: email@example.com Plastination is useful in anatomy as well as serving as models and teaching tools.The plastinated specimens retain their dilated conformation by a positive pressure air flow during the curing process, which allows them to be used to teach both endoscopic technique and gastrointestinal anatomy. With the use of plastination as a teaching method of animal science, the plastination process allows specimens to be studied for a long time. Platination is derived from the Greek (from plassei to shape, to form, a creation of Gunther Von Hagens. A process at the interface of the medical discipline of anatomy and modern polymer chemistry. Plastnation makes it possible to preserve individual tissues and organ. Luminal plastination can be uses to upgrade the knowledge of comparative anatomy which is of profound importance in the present Era of advances in therapeutic science that use animal model for testing drug. The tracheobronchial pattern of human lungs is well known. An attempt was made to compare the pattern with that of goat lung using luminal plastination of goat lung. Several similarities were observed between the two patterns, due to which, the goat lung serves as an ideal experimental model to study the effect of treatment in several human airway diseases.


In this paper, we present a link duration prediction method in VANETs. It utilizes AdaBoost algorithm to combine several link metrics, such as distance, difference in velocities, link lifetime, and etc., to form a predictor with a higher accuracy. The proposed method is applicable to different traffic scenarios and does not rely on any assumption of vehicles' velocity distribution. We evaluate the performance of this Adaboost-based link duration prediction algorithm by various traffic traces generated by SUMO that represents different typical scenarios. The evaluation result shows that, the proposed method effectively improve link prediction accuracy. Compared with other machine learning based solutions such as linear regression and support vector regression, the proposed method also shows less prediction error consistently.


THE coloured plate which forms the principal illustration of my paper represents the condition of the foot in Mrs. B., a woman, aged 63, who was the subject of morphcea. On the outer side of her foot and ankle, it will be seen that a large, irregularly-shaped patch of skin has become hardened, and assumed a tint of yellow ivory or smooth washleather. To the finger the affected skin felt board-like, and it was quite impossible to pinch it or lift it from the subjacent parts. A certain amount of contraction was present by which the three outer toes were drawn upwards, and the movements of the ankle were much impeded. At the margin of the affected part the skin was a little congested, and on the side of the leg, about 4 inches above the outer malleolus, there was an ulcer as large as a half-crown. These conditions had been present about nine months when the portrait was taken on July 11th, 1893. The woman has remained under myobservation since, and I am now, neRrly two years later, able to report that the ulcer has healed, and that the whiteness and induration of the skin have to a very large extent disappeared. There remains, however, a tight, almost scar-like, -condition of the affected skin, which is of a dusky colour, and adherent to the parts beneath. We are in a position in this case to trace the progress of an attack of herpetiform morphbea from beginning to end. The patient in October, 1892, first noticed " a reddish ring " on -the dorsum of the foot. just above the base of the little toe. Others near to it soon followed, and in the course of about -two months the patch was well mapped out. After that there was no lateral extension, but the ulceration did not take place until three or four months later. Themorbid processes had attained their height in about eight months, and during the two years which have subsequently elapsed they have been slowly subsiding. The patient has :been in fair health throughout, and has had no similar patches elsewhere. I have now to ask attention to the interesting fact that the portion of skin involved is exactly that supplied by the terminal twigs of the short saphena nerve. This nerve, made up of the two communicating branches from the popliteal and peroneal, passes down the lower half of the back of the -calf subcutaneously. and is distributed to the skin on the outer side of the ankle and foot, as far as the roots of the toes. That the outlines of the patch are not much suggestive of nerve distribution is to be freely admitted. They are irregular, and in some parts run almost in straight lines, and the upper boundary is almost square. In explanation of these peculiarities something may be said in a further part of the paper another time. I have next to ask attention to particulars of the case which the woodcuts on p. 1196 concern. This case was one in some respects exactly similar to that just related, but it went beyond it in several most important features. Both feet were affected, and with almost exact symmetry, and although on the outer sides of the feet the distribution was precisely like that in Mrs. B., that, namely, of the lesser saphena nerve, there were patches on the inner side of the feet as well. These latter could only be explained by supposing that certain twigs from the popliteal, in addition to that which it supplies as its communicans branch. were involved. There is nothing improbable in this supposition, and we may note that the affected parts were as definitely limited as in Mrs. B.'s case, and that in neither was there the slightest tendency to extension of the patches after their limits had been once well declared. The subject of this second case was a drayman, aged 32, residing in Liverpool. He was under the care of Dr. Foulston and Dr. Hugh R. Jones, the latter of whom had drawings made which he was kind enough to allow me to copy. He also procured me an opportunity of seeing the patient. for myself, during a visit to Liverpool. The disease had existed eighteen months at the time the drawing was taken, and the patient described it as having commenced by " a speckling of scaly white spots on the skin," which gradually coalesced into white, hard patches. The patches had been present fifteen months before the ulceration occurred. As in the preceding case, the affected portions of skin were somewhat depressed by contraction. Excepting " a little springing and tickling," no abnormal sensations were complained of, and there was no appreciable loss of sensibility. The man was in good health and had no skin disease elsewhere. He remained under observation for some considerable time, but Dr. Jones tells me he has now been lost sight of. It is believed that his disease was undergoing the same retrogressive changes which were noted in the preceding case. The above two cases illustrate in brief the most important facts which have been established respecting what has hitherto been known as the ivory-patch morphoea. They both show that it has slow stages, alike of development and decline; that it is abruptly and definitely limited to the parts affected and has no tendency to serpiginous spreading; that, after lasting for a certain time, the affected parts are restored to a more or less healthy condition. The first case shows us the disease in its unsymmetrical or definitely unilateral form, whilst in the second changes of a precisely similar character were arranged with almost accurate symmetry.' It is more than twenty years since I gave a special lecture2 at the Blackfriars Hospital on some of the points of resemblance between herpes and morphoea. At that time the connection of morphoea and the nervous system had been scarcely if at all recognised. I pointed out that the distribution of the patches was in many cases exactly like that of herpes zoster, and ventured the theory that, as herpes zoster is an example of an inflammation of the skin located by sensory nerves, so morphcea is an instance of changes of a more chronic kind and of a very different character, located either by the same nerves, or perhaps more probably by the vasomotor filaments which accompany them. My friend the late Dr. Hilton Fagge, one of the best observers who ever lived, amongst others, expressed some dissent from this view, and I remember that he was good enough to send me a case in which the ivory patches were arranged almost as a circle below the knees, and appeared to be definitely influenced by the pressure of the woman's garters. One of the arguments which I strongly urged in reference to the parallelism between zoster and morpheea was that the latter, like the former. was rarely arranged with bilateral symmetry, and next that the patches of neither the one nor the other, after having once well declared themselves, show any tendency to enlarge their borders or to spread serpiginously. To these two statements many of those who have written on morphoea recently have more or less demurred. I have been shown repeatedly bymy friends cases which were considered to be symmetrical, and others in which the patches were alleged to have gone on increasing in size. In spite, however, of these apparent or supposed exceptions, I believe that the majority of derma-


Language analysts, sifting through two centuries of words in the millions of books in Google Inc.'s growing digital library, found a new way to track the arc of fame, the effect of censorship, the…


We have in the previous chapters already presented a number of lessons learnt from the different parts of the analysis. In this final chapter, we recap on these and provide recommendations for how to make use of the learnings in the future.


Employee Motivational Aspects among IT Professionals in Sri Lanka (Rewards Recognition & Retention) is much related topic to current Sri Lankan economic context where the country is on a rapid development stage of the IT Sector. For this sector the most important resource is the human resource. Retention of this key asset in the organization has been a contemporary issue for most human resources managers who are employed in these companies in Sri Lanka. There have been very few researchers done in terms of "Motivation" of the IT sector employees, their skill levels and their expectations from the current employers in the industry in terms of Rewards & Recognition. Hence this study was conducted bridge this gap & to identify & recommend few best practices to current & future HR managers who will be in charge of IT Sector in Sri Lanka


Through looking back the painstaking course that the CPC explores the road of the Chinese style modernization,the article assays the exclusive charm and superiority of it,and clarifies,that the road of the Chinese style modernization is based on the historic feature and realistic conditions of our country,that the CPC incorporates closely the experiences of the world modernization that the CPC inhales thoroughly,and finally tables some proposals how to achieve the great resurgence of the Chinese nation under the guidance of the road of the chinese style.


X-Ray diffuse scattering due to orientational disorder of NO 3 - ions in tetragonal NH 4 NO 3 (phase II) is observed with the counter method. The intensity of the diffuse maximum at (1/2, 1/2, 2) critically increases with decreasing temperature and the critical temperature is estimated to be 43.5°C. It is clarified that the metastable transilions II–V * –V are structural phase transition induced by the instability of phase II. Diffuse intensity distribution is analyzed with the molecular field approximation in the Ising system. It is noticed that the first and the second neighbour interactions between NO 3 - ions are especially stronger than the calculated ones.


Objective To identify stent fracture by revision of coronary artery angiography and intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) images.Methods Stent fracture has been implicated as a cause of drug-eluting stent failure.IVUS is more likely to identify stent failure(including stent fracture) when compared with angiography.We analysed retrospectively 2 021 cases of angiography and 183 cases of IVUS.Results Six fractures were found in 3 patients by angiography and five of these fractures were confirmed by IVUS in 2 patients.All stent fractures occurred in sirolimus-eluting stents in less than one year after implantation.Angiography analysis showed that 4 stent fractures were complete transverse linear fracture with stent displacement.IVUS analysis showed that 3 stent fractures were complete and 2 were partial fracture.One fracture site was found at the overlapping point of stents and one was found with coronary aneurysm.Conclusion Angiography and IVUS are helpful to identify stent fracture.IVUS can help to understand the possible mechanisms of stent fracture.


Many internet service providers are not compliant to pay frequency fees to the state so that the Ministry of Communication and Informatics closes PT. Internux which is a subsidiary of PT. First Media is a banned in Lippo Group. The closure resulted in Bolt and Bolt Home consumers not getting internet access so that problems arose 1. How to protect consumer rights for Bolt and Bolt Home internet service customers PT. Internux after revocation of permission by Kominfo? 2. What is the responsibility of the business actor for consumers of Bolt and Bolt Home internet service customers? The method used is the normative legal method. Bolt and Bolt Home consumers only get preventive protection by deactivating top up payment services in order to avoid greater losses for consumers, while repressive protection is not found in this case. The form of responsibility of PT. Internux to consumers based on the provisions of Article 19 Paragraphs (1) and (2) must provide compensation equivalent to the price of the quota package in accordance with the initial agreement agreed with the refund mechanism and provide diversion offer services to other providers. The Ministry of Communication and Information must conduct strict supervision of internet service companies and for consumers to be selective and smart in choosing internet service company providers.


PURPOSE: To allow an eluted metal in the inside of pinholes to react with an organic component to seal by using a noble metal plating material as an anode and electrolyzing by PR method, A.C. method or the like in an aq. solution containing an organic compound having corrosion preventing effect on a base metal or the like. CONSTITUTION: The organic compound (e.g. nitrogen contained cyclic compound, imino acid derivative ethylenediamine or the like) having corrosion preventing effect on the base metal (e.g. copper (alloy), iron, stainless steel or the like) is prepared. Next, a plated material plating the noble metal (gold, silver, rhodium, palladium, ruthenium and these alloy) on the base metal is dipped into the solution containing the organic compound. And electrolysis is executed by the use of the plated material as the anode by PR method, A.C. method, A.C./D.C superimposed method or method using A.C. jointly while irradiating with ultrasonic wave. As a result, a rigid coated film is formed to seal by allowing the base metal eluted from the inside of the plating pinholes to react with the organic component. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


A perturbation theory is developed for calculating eigenenergies (EE) and wave functions (WF) of a microparticle localized in a multiquantum well (MQW) semiconductor structure. Elastic tunnellings of one charge carrier and many charge carriers between quantum wells (QW) of arbitrary smooth shape are investigated. It is concluded that non-decaying periodic currents can arise in the above structure. Analytical expressions are obtained for such currents and for times of tunnelling across the barriers of a set of QWs. Many-particle tunnellings in a sawtooth double-QW structure are considered.

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This article examines Bazin's theory of cinema through his reaction to widescreen technology. Bazin endorsed CinemaScope as a means of enhancing cinematic realism, but was critical of its launch vehicle, Henry Koster's The Robe (1953), which recounts the story of a Roman consul whose acquisition of the dead Christ's robe leads him to convert to Christianity. To emphasize the photographic trace of the real that defines his ontology of cinema, Bazin refers to relics alleged to retain the outline of Christ's features after contact (the Veil of Veronica, the Turin Shroud), so The Robe inadvertently offers a crass thematization of Bazin's theory of cinema, uncomfortably mimicking Bazin's belief that film carries the imprint of a once-living presence. However, on closer inspection, instead of demystifying Bazin's theory of cinema by removing its religious garb, the critical encounter with The Robe demonstrates its complexity by revealing its multiple layers.


Parametric X-ray Radiation(PXR) can be used as a novel,quasi-monochromatic energy-tunable and high-yield X-ray source.It is produced at the Bragg angle by a relativistic electron beam passing through the periodic structure of crystal materials.This article concerns the PXR experiment using low energ...


Changes in the B' complex vitamin content in salted sea urchin gonads during processing (by adding sodium chloride and ethyl alcohol) and 180 days of storage for maturation were investigated. Thiamin comprised more than 90% of total vitamin B 1 (thiamin+TMP+TDP+TTP) in the raw gonads and was degraded appreciably due to the gonadal enzymes during processing and storage. FAD, the major compound among B 2 vitamers (RF, FMN, FAD) in the raw gonads, was hydrolyzed into RF enzymatically during the initial 15 days of storage


ABSTRACT Aikido is a martial art that focuses on non-violent approaches to conflict. The current article discusses ways that experienced practitioners of aikido adjust the social environments in which they practice this leisure pastime in order to pre-emptively address gender violence. Their approaches compliment the tactics of bystander intervention and community accountability strategies. This study is based on data obtained through naturalistic observations, participant observations, and interviews (n = 15) with people who had been studying aikido for an average of 12.4 years. Interventions were conducted at the levels of policy, leadership, curriculum, and game structure. The collection of modifications to aikido practitioners' social environments includes resistance to binary opposition between two sexes, social hierarchies, violence against the self, homophobic talk, and suppression of empathy.


The treatment of petroleum-contaminated soil has been concerned all over the world with the pollution growing,while the bioremediation has no secondary pollution,high efficiency,low cost and other characteristics,which is one of the most promising soil remediation technology.The paper focuses on the research progress of microbial-phytoremediation,and the focus of future research in the field.


Nanotechnology in the construction industry provides advancement in various levels by enhancement of properties in-depth, such a way that nano materials incorporates nano-composites with enhanced properties. Growing infrastructure development in the construction field, requires advancement of techniques and technology in use. To overcome the critical conditions of urbanization, difficult environments where the impact of area restriction and requirement of parameters to achieve with limited resources. Cement plays wide range of role in such developments. This paper discuss about the enhancement of conventional method neat cement grout with incorporated nano-silica. The use of nanosilica provides enrichment of the governing factors of grout mix, various properties.


The behaviour of purely proactive and reactive schemes suggests that what is needed is a protocol that initiates the route determination procedure on-demand, but at limited search cost (1). Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) (2) is a hybrid protocol which combines the advantages of both proactive and reactive approaches. For route discovery reactive routing protocols involves long route request delays and inefficient flooding, while proactive routing protocols uses excess bandwidth to maintain routing information. ZRP (3) (4) solves these problems by combining the best properties of both approaches. It takes advantage of proactive discovery within a node's local neighbourhood, and using a reactive protocol for communication between these neighbourhoods. In Ad-Hoc mobile network, it can be supposed that the most communication takes place between nodes closer to each other. Therefore, ZRP decreases the proactive scope to a zone centred on each node. In a limited zone, the routing information can be maintained easily and the amount of routing information that is never used is also minimized. Since all nodes proactively store local routing information, nodes farther away can be reached with reactive routing (2).


dextran." We have published this summary of the matter because something of it has already appeared in th-e non-medical Press and has disturbed individual patients. As it has received little attention up till recently in more readily available medical journals (apart from H. G. Richmond's article of last yearS), it will have tak-en most medical practitioners by surprise. "Imferon" has not been withdrawn from sale in Australia, and the individual practitioner will be free to decide the matter for himself. It would appear that the clinical risk involv-ed is hypothetical and, like the risks associated with the use of many effective drugs, needs to be balanced against the therapeutic needs of the individual pati-ent.


Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether the volume or concentration of local anesthetic influences its spread and quality of lumbosacral epidural blockade when the total drug dose is fixed.Methods: A total of 30 healthy bitches, undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy received a lumbosacral epidural block with a fixed dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. bupivacaine after general anesthesia induction with propofol. Treatment 1 group (low volume, high concentration [LVHC], n=15) received 0.2 mL/kg b.w. of 0.25% bupivacaine, whereas treatment 2 group (high volume, low concentration [HVLC], n=15) received 0.3 ml/kg b.w. of 0.167% bupivacaine. Both solutions contained radio-opaque dye. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, cranial spread, first analgesic rescue, and motor blockade were determined at predetermined intervals.Results: At 5 min, the dorsal cranial spread levels of bupivacaine confirmed by radiographic examination were T8 (T1–T10) for HVLC treatment and T8 (T6–T10) for LVHC treatment (p=0.957). However, there was a significant difference (p=0.029) in the ventral spread levels between HVLC treatment (T2; C7-T6) and LVHC treatment (T6; T5–T11). The first analgesic rescue was needed after 249±58 min in the LVHC treatment group and after 179±32 min in the HVLC treatment group (p=0.0005).Conclusion: It was concluded, if the total dose is fixed, then administration of an HVLC bupivacaine local anesthetic solution in the lumbosacral epidural space seems to produce effective post-operative analgesia for ovariohysterectomy surgery in bitches.


Tissue engineered microenvironments were constructed to test the effects glial cells have on calcium information processing, and to mimic conditions in vivo for tumor invasion and residual cancer after resection o f tumor. Submaximal, nM, glutamate (GLU) stimuli were applied to the engineered environments, and the resulting calcium dynamic behavior o f neuronal cells was measured to help predict and interpret chaotic systems in the experimental realm. Calcium is a key signaling ion which signals through the Nmethyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor on the neuronal membrane. GLU binding to the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) causes a large and dynamic increase in neuronal intracellular calcium. Perturbations in calcium homeostasis by means o f the NMDAR have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. Primary rat cortical cells were used in both co culture (neurons and glia) and in cultures treated with Cytosine Arabinoside (AraC) to deplete glia. Rat glioma cells were added to the cultured cells to mimic residual cancer cells. In addition, the glioma cells were formed into novel spheroids that modeled tumor invasion. The calcium response was monitored after exogenous glutamate was added in three concentrations (250, 500 and 750 nM), in all (3!) sequences. Calcium was imaged with Fluo 3/AM, 8 to 9 days after plating. The co-culture system responded to increasing submaximal additions o f glutamate with calcium spikes, as previously demonstrated in this system. Neuronal cultures depleted o f glia responded to increasing nM additions o f GLU with large synchronized broad transient responses which returned to baseline more slowly, leading to a greater area under the fluorescence intensity-time curve (AUC) that we believe is an indicator o f excitotoxicity, as well as, normal calcium signaling. Cancer environments did not have excitotoxic calcium area under the curve AUC to glutamate stimulus; however, the residual environment did display excitotoxic conditions due to rapid glutamate induced calcium oscillatory behavior from glioma expressing system Xc-. Determining how neurons will respond and behave in altered systems, such as, in the presence o f brain tumor glia may help our understanding o f cell loss in the brain, and may provide better protective strategies. APPROVAL FOR SCHOLARLY DISSEMINATION The author grants to the Prescott Memorial Library o f Louisiana Tech University the right to reproduce, by appropriate methods, upon request, any or all portions o f this Dissertation. It is understood that "proper request" consists o f the agreement, on the part o f the requesting party, that said reproduction is for his personal use and that subsequent reproduction will not occur without written approval o f the author o f this Dissertation. Further, any portions o f the Dissertation used in books, papers, and other works must be appropriately referenced to this Dissertation. Finally, the author o f this Dissertation reserves the right to publish freely, in the literature, at any time, any or all portions o f this Dissertation.


The spreading behavior of a new type of chiral compound, namely a series of optically active macrocycloamides ((P)-(−)-1, (P,P)-(+)-2, (P,P,P)-(+)-3, and (P,P,P,P)-(+)-4) consisting of the helical chiral unit 1,12-dimethylbenzo[c]phenanthrene-5,8-dicarboxylate, and dianiline derivatives, on the water surface was investigated by measuring surface pressure (π)−area (A) isotherms, with the aim of producing a new type of chiral Langmuir−Blodgett film. Among the four compounds investigated, (P)-(−)-1 and (P,P)-(+)-2 formed condensed monolayers. Moreover, the monolayer of (P)-(−)-1 could be successively transferred onto solid supports by both downward and upward strokes, yielding Y-type LB films. An optically active LB film based on helical chirality was produced for the first time. The properties of the chiral LB film are discussed.


The Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE) was designed to provide the first demonstration of muon ionisation cooling by passing a muon beam through a cooling channel consisting of low-Z absorber material as well as radio-frequency (RF) cavities, with the net effect of a reduction in transverse momentum spread at constant total momentum. The performance that can be achieved in such a cooling channel depends on both energy loss and multiple coulomb scattering in the absorber, the latter of which is currently not understood to very high precision for muons. Verification of muon multiple scattering algorithms - especially in low-Z materials - is therefore crucial for accurate modelling of a muon ionisation cooling channel, which would be used in future facilities such as a Neutrino Factory or a Muon Collider.

A track matching algorithm was implemented in order to combine locally reconstructed detector output for further processing and analysis. Multiple coulomb scattering of muons in the lithium hydride (LiH) MICE absorber has been studied in the presence of magnetic fields using a convolution method, which has the advantage over typically used deconvolution methods in that it does not depend on the chosen value of the regularisation strength parameter. It does, however, only allow comparison between data and Monte Carlo, rather than direct extraction of the "true" scattering distributions. The presence of magnetic fields - while providing significantly superior momentum resolution - introduces additional systematic errors, mainly due to the uncertainties the field maps used.

The results of this analysis provide support for the use of convolution methods and suggest that scattering algorithms in GEANT4 have significantly improved since the time of MuScat (which was an experiment designed specifically to measure muon scattering in a variety of materials). There is some indication that they may have changed from vastly overestimating to slightly underestimating large angle scatters though the uncertainties on the final results are insufficiently small to make definite statements on this point.


A preliminary comparison between loss and lossless compression approaches for the remote sensing data processing was made. A three-stage lossless compression algorithm of multispectral remote sensing images based on wavelet transformations and intra-bands correlation is proposed and developed. It allows one to consider peculiarities of remote sensing data and to increase the compression ratio of the algorithm. The paper describes a modification of the compression algorithm aimed at considerable improvement of computational performance and based on bands trimmed enumeration and data selective use. A research of the three-stage algorithm performance was carried out in comparison with the universal compression algorithms such as WinRar, WinZip and JPEG2000 using data from various remote sensing systems showing to some extent a superiority in the compression ratio, as well as some insignificant lag of the computational performance was identified.


High digital transmission was demanded for high performance computing (HPC) in recent years. In order to meet this target, high-bandwidth memories (HBM) are integrated with GPU or ASIC dies to form a heterogeneous integrated package (HIP).This HIP can be divided by three group: silicon dies, fan-out routing technology, organic interposer-selectively replaced by silicon bridge die to result in increased semiconductor assembly processes and reliability challenges, such as wafer warpage issue, chip module warpage, package warpage, compound crack risk.This paper will provide the optimal solution for the assembly processes and reliability challenges. In the beginning, glass and compound candidates would be studied for wafer warpage in pre-molding, u-pad, die bonding, underfill and 2nd molding process. Regarding this subject, it would come out the glass and compound combinations which could be in criteria during the wafer warpage process. The compound candidates would be in parallel with chip module warpage and package warpage investigation to check the performance to meet the warpage target or not. After all warpage investigations, FO-EB would suffer compound crack issue after the reliability test. Hybrid adhesive material combination, heat sink adhesive pattern may be the solution for compound crack risk.In the validation, simulation shows good alignment with experimental results on stress and warpage prediction. According to that, F O-EB package could be qualified pass and mass production.


—In this paper, we first present a single-input, multiple-output convolutional neural network that can estimate both heart rate and respiration rate simultaneously by exploiting the underlying link between heart rate and respiration rate. The inputs to the neural network are the amplitude and phase of channel state information collected by a pair of WiFi devices. Our WiFi-based technique addresses privacy concerns and is adapt- able to a variety of settings. This system's overall accuracy for the heart and respiration rate estimation can reach 99 . 109% and 98 . 581% , respectively. Furthermore, we developed and analyzed two deep learning-based neural network classification algorithms for categorizing four types of sleep stages: wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) light sleep, and NREM deep sleep. This system's overall classification accuracy can reach 95 . 925% .


Booklet Date: Friday November 19, 2021 09.15 am – 5 pm Location: Lecture hall S003 UniS, University of Berne Schanzeneckstrasse 1 3012 Bern Registration: https://www.mic.unibe.ch/events/mic_symposium_2021 Organized by the Microscopy Imaging Center (MIC) of the University of Bern The 2021 MIC Symposium will be dedicated to three-dimensional electron microscopy (EM). In recent years, a broad range of EM applications in life sciences has seen major advances. New technologies and hardware solutions are driving tremendous developments, notably with respect to the elucidation of three-dimensional structures of macromolecular assemblies. Protein structure determination by single-particle cryoEM is revolutionising structural biology. Cryo-electron tomography is offering unprecedented views into the macromolecular landscape of cells. Large volume reconstructions by scanning EM visualise tissue organisation in great detail. This year's MIC Symposium program will offer cuttingedge scientific talks in all these areas to provide a glimpse on the current and future opportunities that EM offers to life sciences. Application is approved for accreditation of the Symposium 2021 for 0.5 day credit for continued education in animal experimentation in the Canton of Bern, Switzerland. MIC thankfully acknowledges financial support of the MIC Symposium 2021 by: The PhD Program Cutting Edge Microscopy and our sponsors from industry Bern, November 19, 2021, MIC Symposium 2021 Abstract Booklet Seite 4/10 Viral replication organelles revisited by cellular cryo-tomography


qap implements the quadratic assignment procedure, a simulation-based method for determining confidence intervals for parameter estimates when the data set is dyadic. It generates reps() QAP samples and runs the user-defined program progname on each sample.


A new two-stage preprocessor has been designed to upgrade the "Automesh- Lattice" mesh generators. The output is applied to the Winslow non- linear Poisson solver. Both cartesian and polar topologies are implemented. In addition, a self replicating block feature has been superposed so that resolution of closely spaced conductors is possible. Rapid problem definition is achieved by providing user diagnostics for mesh generation correction strategies, involving simple mesh density, grid assignment and smoothing controls. Further advances in solving algorithms and post-processing techniques are also described. These include inclusion of integral methods into both the solving and post-processing algorithms, and enhanced extraction of field and field harmonics.


There was a high significant positive correlation between the SPAD value and chlorophyll content in leaves of sweet potato,dioscorea and konjaku,so the method of chlorophyll content detection that the chlorophyll content was measured by SPAD value was new,quick,simple and harmless to the chlorophyll content.


In a nonrandomized or observational study, a weak association between receipt of the treatment and an outcome may be explained not as effects caused by the treatment but rather by a small bias in the assignment of individuals to treatment or control; however, a strong association may be explained as noncausal only by a large bias. The strength of the association between treatment and outcome is not uniform across the data from a study, and this motivates giving greater weight where the association is stronger. In an observational study with treated-control matched pairs, it is known that results are less sensitive to unmeasured biases if pairs with small absolute differences in outcomes are given little weight in the analysis; more precisely, such a test statistic has superior design sensitivity. How should outcomes be weighted if an observational study is matched in sets with one treated subject and several controls? An M-statistic is the quantity equated to zero in defining Huber's M-estimates, including the mean, and it is used in testing hypotheses and setting confidence limits. In matched sets, a weighted M-statistic increases the weight of some matched sets and decreases the weight of others. Not unlike the case of matched pairs, weighted M-statistics with suitable weights have larger design sensitivities, and hence greater power in a sensitivity analysis, than unweighted statistics for symmetric unimodal errors, such as Normal, logistic, or t-distributed errors. This issue is examined using an asymptotic measure, the design sensitivity, and using simulation. For one Normal sampling situation, weighting the matched sets increased the power of a 0.05 level sensitivity analysis from 0.05 without weights to 0.75 with weights. An example from NHANES 2009–2010 concerning methylmercury in the blood of people who consume large amounts of fish is used to illustrate.


A field survey and laboratory analysis were combined to study the differential char-acteristics and correlation forecasting model of heavy metals and nutrients in different types of soil texture in Yongqing county,Hebei province.And the environmental safety thresholds of nutrients which led to heavy metals overproof upon the cucumber greenhouse management pattern combining the limiting value standard of soil heavy metals in vegetable greenhouses were raised in order to provide theoretical basis for safety and scientific fertilization in vegetable greenhouses.The results showed that coefficient of variation of Cd and Hg in the medium loam of cucumber greenhouse were 53.13%and 42.49%,which belonged to spatial differential features and inferior differential features respectively,and the rest of heavy metals(Cr,Pb,As)showed uniform distribution characteristics.Coefficient of variation of N,P,K and organic matters in medium loam were over 25%,showing marked differential or inferior differential features which were the same as that in heavy loam.Correlation analysis between the heavy metals of Cd,Hg and nutrients were studied,which set up five forecasting models for Cd,Hg and nutrients for different types of soil texture.The forecasting models included linear,logarithmic,quadric,power 2and index equations,and there were significantly positively correlations between the levels of Cd and soil nutrients,while Hg did not reach the significant level.Moreover,environmental safety thresholds of available nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matters were 66.67,244.59,685.70 mg/kg and 13.38g/kg,respectively,calculated by prediction model of Cd and nutrient in medium loam cucumber greenhouses,while for that in heavy loam were 125.38,401.34,751.17mg/kg and 20.0g/kg,respectively.


River Bilina is a river that flows in the northwestern part of the Czech Republic. From the middle of the 20 th century it was used as a water source for several chemical and power plants and thus was greatly affected. The lignite surface mining and mine openings made covering the river with a tube and changing its direction inevitable (with straightening and fortifying as well). In this article we have studied the hydrology, hydrochemistry and bottom sediments of the Bilina River and evaluated its current condition through data obtained.


in terms of problems in feature extraction of traditional image recognition algorithm and classifier design, RMF neural network is proposed to be used firstly based on the color feature and single feature of texture for initial recognition of image and based on RBF neural network output as evidence to establish basic probability assignment; then the recognition result of RBF neural network is fused according to DS evidence theory and finally the image recognition result is obtained. The simulation shows that the mean accurate rate of recognition of image for DS-RBF reaches 92.19% far more than the recognition result of single feature and the recognition result of simple combination, and it significantly improves the stability and accurate rate of the image recognition and makes the result more reliable.


Brain CT images always have some redundancy such as metal slots,clothes and shoulders.This paper divides the redundancy into two kinds based on its distribution and proposes a new algorithm which combines the FCM and contour track to clear redundancy in CT images.The algorithm solves the problem of the lost of CT data in traditional method.The algorithm can automatically deal with a batch of CT data and it is proved to have good effect and some apply value through experiments.


The relation between the Real and the Virtual is not only a question of "to be or not to be" but it is also a question of "to know or not to know". One side of the Real and the Virtual is the relation between information and disinformation, between knowing, meaning and misunderstanding.


There are significant variations in PMTCT programme implementation in the country. Biennial serosentinel survey among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics provides estimates of HIV and for monitoring the epidemic. The objective of this work was to compare HIV prevalence trend using National ANC HSS data and PMTCT programme data in Gombe state over the last 10 years. Methodology: Cross-sectional comparative study. The HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Gombe State obtained from Gombe State PMTCT programme data from 2004-2014 was compared with the National Biennial sentinel survey for HIV in pregnant women attending ANC in the state over the same period. Results: Women tested for HIV during ANC in Gombe state increased from 4689 in 2004 to 74,737 in 2014. 447,732 women were cumulatively tested for HIV with a positivity rate of 2.1% (9543). ANC HIV positivity rates from PMTCT programme data witnessed a decline from 8.2% (385/4689) in 2004 to 0.6% (497/74,737) in 2014. Conversely, the National biennial HIV sero-prevalence sentinel survey reports for Gombe state in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 were 4.9%, 4.4%, 4.0%, 4.2%, 4.1% and 3.4% respectively. The state PMTCT data showed a significant decline in HIV positivity rates among women, paralleled by increased testing, whereas the national sero-prevalence survey averaged 4.2%. Conclusion: While routine yearly Gombe state PMTCT programme data showed a declining HIV trend, biennially conducted seroprevalence in the state was consistent over the period. Implications are unclear to us; accurate estimation of HIV prevalence is a prerequisite for planning.


This computer lab demonstrates the use of the MATLAB System Identification toolbox. We will omit state-space models from our experiments as yet. In order to illustrate the use we will use the data available in inout.dat. The data is loaded in the MATLAB workspace as an iddata, The properties of the object iddata are displayed using the command >> get(data) The first step, however trivial, is to visualize the data and to look for some regularities here. At this early point in the analysis, it is good practice to set aside a portion of the data for validation lateron. As such we make sure this validation data does not influence parameter estimation. The next step concerns typically preprocessing. Here we want to subtract the mean trend of the signals. >> data1 = detrend(data1); >> data2 = detrend(data2); Again, look at the data. Does the signals look 'normal', or are there outlying measurements in the data which may easily disrupt the coming results? If so, set such value to a reasonable value. In the present data there is no such e↵ects. When the data is loaded in the toolbox, the first step is to perform an nonparametric analysis. Let us review a number of those. The first one is to compute the impulse response using a rough approximation (a large order FIR model). This is performed using >> impulse(data) The dashed dotted lines mark a 99% confidence interval. Meaning that if the experiment were repeated m times, only 1/100 of those cases would not fit the confidence band on the average. There is a time delay (dead-time) of 1 sample before the output responds to the input (significant output outside the confidence interval). Other time-constants can as half-life time and damping are suggested in this plot. A similar analysis is performed using a correlation analysis. The result of an elementary spectral analysis is displayed using the command.


The monitoring procedures with different geotechnical/structural sensors and classical geodetic techniques including GNSS are the usual practices in most of the dams where these controls are established. Other geomatic techniques such as TLS, GB-SAR and multi-temporal InSAR (MT-InSAR), allow the determination of 3D displacements with the advantage of covering a large number of control points. In particular, MT-InSAR techniques enable the detection of displacements at a very low cost compared to other techniques, and without the need for field work or the installation of special equipment. In addition, they can provide a single source of information on the stability of the dam when monitoring programs are not carried out due to lack of funding, resources or other reasons. These techniques provide measurement uncertainties of the order of 1 mm/year, interpreting time series of interferometric phases of coherent reflectors present in the area, called Persistent Scatterers. In this work, we present the adaptation and application of MT-InSAR techniques to monitor embankment dams, obtaining vertical displacements, characterizing their consolidation rates, and allowing the identification of potential problems surrounding the reservoir that require further field investigation. This study is part of the ReMoDams project, a Spanish research initiative developed for monitoring dam structural stability from space using satellite radar interferometry.


Whereas organizations that are not project based make their income mainly through production, project-based organizations derive their income from projects. In companies where the primary business consists of performing projects for clients, it is projects that generate both revenue and profits (Rietiker, 2013). Moreover, for a project-based organization, strategic success equates primarily with financial success derived from project execution, not from the project deliverable. This obviously means that finding reliable ways of measuring project success is a key consideration in project-based organizations. However, if all we are measuring is the traditional variables of time, cost, and scope, then the assessment of project management we come up with will address only tactical (operational) value – not strategic value. (For an elaboration of this truth, see Jugdev and Muller, 2005.) For a project-based organization, project execution is an essential area that differentiates it from its direct competitors. The problem faced by most project-based organizations is that they do not have a consolidated project performance management system in place; and thus rely mainly on financial KPI's to determine project success. The improvement of performance in project management has to be supported by goals and objectives that are aligned with the strategic intent of the organization. Supportive of the organization's strategy, therefore, is the development of a Project Scorecard that considers factors in addition to financial KPI's, including intangible ones.


Is a strong leader with exceptional skills the answer to the daunting task of transforming or improving schools? The author argues that, despite the documented value of skilled leadership, in today's educational and financial climate the school principal cannot go solo. School and student success are more likely to occur when distributed or shared leadership is practiced. The need to attract and retain quality teachers is another reason to extend the role of the teacher to domains outside of the classroom walls. The author focuses on distributed or shared leadership as a facet of social capital, a driving force in the success of teacher leadership.For many years policymakers and educators alike have thought that a strong leader with exceptional skills was the answer to the daunting task of transforming or improving schools. Research has strongly indicated that the leadership of the school principal plays a critical role in the development of successful schools (Glanz, Shulman, & Sullivan, 2007; Purkey & Smith, 1983). Principals set the tone for the building, work to develop and carry out school goals, guide instruction, develop the budget, and lead the charge for student success. However, one need not look far to realize that this concept in its purest form has not come to fruition. School principals and other administrators are often expected to fix all the problems schools face, yet one might pose the question as to the feasibility of this notion; certainly Chief Executive Officers of successful corporations surround themselves with experts in a variety of fields. Skilled leadership is an important factor in school and student success; however, in todays educational and financial climate, no matter how skilled the school principal, he or she cannot go solo. School and student success are more likely to occur when distributed or shared leadership is practiced.Distributed or shared leadership implies a more cooperative view of influence and authority and is a shift from the belief that leadership is a unique characteristic that an individual has developed. Gronn (2002) found that when people collaborate and share their efforts and base of knowledge, the outcome is greater than the aggregate of their efforts as individuals. In addition, distributed leadership increases the pool of leaders or potential leaders for an organization-in this case, a school.Andrews and Lewis (2004) believed shared or distributed leadership to be a form of synchronous leadership where teacher leaders work with principal leaders, in different but compatible means, towards shared goals. The notion of teachers as leaders is not new, however. In 1986, a report funded by the Carnegie Foundation for Advancement ofTeaching suggested that districts denote individuals who could model teaching methodologies for other teachers. In addition, due to their daily work and interactions with students, teachers are in a prime position to make decisions regarding the teaching and learning process and apply change thoroughly and consistently (Howey, 1988; Livingston, 1992).The need to attract and retain quality teachers is another reason to extend the role of the teacher to domains outside of the classroom walls as "isolation is a primary reason that new teachers leave" (Heller, 2004, p. 6). This article focuses on distributed or shared leadership as a facet of social capital, a driving force in the success of teacher leadership.Who Are Teacher Leaders and What Do They Do?Teacher leaders are (usually) classroom teachers who share their expertise in myriad forms. Danielson (2006) wrote that teacher leadership is a "set of skills demonstrated by teachers who continue to teach students but also have an influence that extends beyond their own classrooms to others within their own school and elsewhere" (p. 12). Sometimes teacher leaders are formally designated as such and may have the title of teacher leader or another title that focuses on his or her expertise, such as data coach; in other instances, teacher leader is not an assigned position but a role taken on by the individual. …


Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health concern, with an estimated 8.9 million new cases worldwide in 2004 and two million deaths each year. Tuberculosis remains a global health threat despite availability of treatment for over 50 years. The study explored the social and professional support to Tuberculosis patients whilst on TB treatment at health services of Vhembe district in Limpopo Province, South Africa. An explorative descriptive research design, using qualitative methodology was adopted. The population consisted of all TB patients on TB treatment from their 3rd month of treatment. Purposive sampling was used to select five clinics and eleven participants for the study. A semi-structured interview was conducted to explore the experiences of TB patients in relation to their treatment. Tesch's eight steps of data analysis were used to analyse data. Measures to ensure trustworthiness and ethical issues were ensured. The results of the study revealed that TB patients experienced challenges when taking TB treatments. They lacked social support by some family members, colleagues', employers and health professionals and lack social grant leading to poor social support. Recommendations of this study included education of the social and professional support of TB patients whilst on treatment.


LB 10. 23. Stein and colleagues analyzed the lipoprotein abnormalities associated with use of protease inhibitors (PI) in individuals with HIV infection and assessed the effect of these changes on endothelial dysfunction. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of 37 HIV-1 infected adults. The subjects were divided into 2 groups; group I (receiving PIs, n=22) took stable doses of PIs for > 6 months and group II (not receiving PIs, n=15) underwent stable antiretroviral regimen that did not include a PI. Analysis for clinical, lipid/lipoprotein and brachial artery parameters were conducted on both groups. Lipids and lipoproteins were measured by enzymatic techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. Brachial artery reactivity studies were performed by measuring the flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) using high-resolution ultrasound. The average age of the subjects was 42.2+ 7.6 years. Subjects in group I tended to have a higher body mass index and waist to hip ratio, however there was no significant difference in their resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure and serum glucose levels. Indinavir was found to be the most commonly used PI. Group I subjects had higher total cholesterol (5.68 versus 4.42 mmol/L, P =0.007) and triglyceride (4.43 versus 1.98 mmol/L, P =0.009) levels, characterized by elevated levels of IDL and VLDL, compared to group II. Resting BA diameters and blood flow rates were similar in both groups. The increase in forearm blood flow was similar in both groups, indicating a similar stimulus to FMD of the BA. However, subjects in group I had markedly impaired


This article examines experimentally and numerically the flexural performance of low-strength reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened using near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) rods. Five RC rectangular beams were tested in four-point bending until failure. Four of these beams were strengthened using Bottom NSM (BNSM) or Side NSM (SNSM) rods. The results are discussed in terms of observed damage, load capacity, and midspan deflection. It is shown that the SNSM strengthening solution enhanced the cracking load of the beams by up to 19%. Likewise, the yield and ultimate load-carrying capacities of the strengthened beams increased by up to 31% and 64%, respectively. It is also shown that moment-curvature and FE approaches predict well the deflections of the strengthened RC beams within 20% and 10% of accuracy at failure. The results from nonlinear Finite Element (FE) analyses showed a better agreement with the experimental results up to failure (within a 10% of accuracy). For the beams presented in this study, the crack widths calculated by Eurocode 2 match reasonably well the measured values.


The article comments on a paper by van der Smagt on the social construction of shared realities and models. According to the theory of social constructivism, collective cognition is perceived as a social process by which such creation and representation often take place. The research focuses on the difference between causation and constitution.


Au catalysts supported on TiO2 with different crystal phases were prepared by the deposition-precipitation method and evaluated for the vapor-phase hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde.The influences of crystal phases of TiO2 and reduction temperatures on Au/TiO2 were investigated.It was found that the anatase phase favored the formation of crotyl alcohol(C=O hydrogenation).Compared with the pure phase(anatase or rutile),the mixed phase TiO2 containing rutile and anatase could improve both the activity and the selectivity for crotyl alcohol.In addition,higher reduction temperature in H2 also enhanced the hydrogenation of C=O bond.When the catalyst was reduced at 500 oC,the hydrogenation ratio of C=O bond(crotyl alcohol) to C=C bond(butanal) was 2.7.


Background and objectives: Road traffic crashes are reported to be the leading cause of maxillofacial fractures in developing countries. The large variability in reported incidence and etiology is due to a variety of contributing factors, including environmental, cultural and socioeconomic factors. The study aims at describing the patterns of maxillofacial fractures in road traf fic crashes by clinical and radiological methods and to study the complications associated with these fractures. Materials and methods: The study included 100 road traffic crash patients with maxillofacial injuries. Patients were evaluated for any maxillofacial fracture by clinical assessment and, radiologically, using plain radiographs and computed tomography scan. Results: Midfacial skeleton was more prone to fractures. Isolated fractures of the maxilla was the commonest (58%) followed by nasal bone fractures (43%). Among the complex fractures, Le Fort type II was the commonest. Mandibular fractures were seen in 33% of the patients, parasymphysis being the commonest site. Majority of the patients had associated soft tissue injuries. The incidence of complications associated with maxillofacial fractures was 11%, malocclusion being the commonest. Conclusion: Maxillofacial fractures are commoner in the mobile population in the most productive age group, more so in two wheeler riders causing significant morbidity and mortality. Midface region is more prone to fractures and is most of the time associated with complications.


The olive grove in Andalusia suffered critical moments during the 20th century, and it was considered like a «culture problem» in the decades preceding the incorporation of Spain in the current European Union. Since then olive grove has known an exceptional economic conjuncture, like express his enormous superficial expansion or his notable productivity. In this work we approach the reasons that explain the consolidation of one of the most typical monocultures of southern Spain, indicating the diversity of situations that coexist under a seemingly monotonous landscape and analyzing some cases that can well illustrate the set of changes experienced since 1986.


In health economics, analytical model is the most common term used to designate the mathematical framework that represents reality with enough details in order to inform a clinical or political decision. The use of economic evaluation modelling can be justified by the fact that information comes from various sources and results are extrapolated into the future. For instance, randomized clinical trials usually analyze a restrict number of interventions, have a short follow-up period and rarely bring information on the costs and other relevant elements for decision making. The research field on analytical modelling has expanded in the past decades, as well as the offer of softwares to run these models. Consequently, complex mathematical and statistical procedures have become more accessible. In this paper, the main characteristics, advantages and limitations of four analytical models are presented. Figure 1 summarizes all the information.