A data read apparatus and the method is provided to read data programmed in a memory cell by using two boundary voltages and decodes the read data, and then determines data in the memory cell. A data read apparatus and the method is comprised of steps: comparing the threshold voltage with the first boundary voltage of the memory cell(S610); comparing second boundary voltage having the voltage level higher than the threshold voltage with the first boundary voltage; determining data of the memory cell based on the comparison result of the threshold voltage and the first boundary voltage and threshold voltage and the second boundary voltage(S620); determining data of the memory cell; determining data of the memory cell as disable value if the threshold voltage is voltage between the second boundary voltage and the first boundary voltage(S630).


This paper proposes a reverse engineering approach for abstracting conceptual user-centered models from existing Web applications to re-document them at a high level of abstraction and from a user perspective.The recovered models are specified by referring to the Ubiquitous Web Application (UWA) design methodology. UWA models are able to describe the structure of the application contents, the semantic relations among contents, the different views on contents the application offers to users, and the navigation paths and the navigation nodes used to present contents to users.The approach exploits existing reverse engineering methods and tools to extract fine grained structural information from the analyzed applications and abstracts UWA models from them.The architecture of a tool to support the reverse engineering approach is described and the results from some preliminary experiments are discussed.


In 2016, the Microscope satellite should be launched from Kourou by Soyouz and conclude 20 years of instrumental development in order to test the Equivalence Principle at levels of 10-15• The instrument is composed of two differential accelerometers which compare the accelerations of two pairs of body in "free-fall" at 710 km altitude. As a founding principle of the Einstein's theory of gravitation (General Relativity) , the Equivalence Principle verification is a challenging target for most of the alternatives theory: quantum loops, string theory, dilatons, . . . This paper presents the current development status of the mission. It underlines also some specific results obtained from the qualification phase and the on-going development of the data process that should exhibit the mission performance objective.


The paper deals with the interaction of electromagnetic and acoustic processes in a conducting medium in presence of an external magnetic field. The electromagnetic excitation of acoustic wave similarly as acoustic excitation of electromagnetic wave is described. The practical utilization consisting in contactless acoustic wave generation and detection is demonstrated.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease found in every country on Earth. About a quarter of the global population is estimated to be infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, with over 10 million new TB cases reported annually. Currently, TB ranks as the second leading infectious killer after COVID-19. Research to develop novel interventions against TB represents a global health priority. TB research over the last several years focused on cellular immune responses, while the humoral response was largely neglected. This mini-review discusses evidence supporting a protective role of antibodies in TB, and a potential role of antibodies in TB vaccines and diagnosis.


The use of mass spectrometry as a proteomics tool is poised to revolutionize early disease diagnosis and treat.Unfortunately,due to existing "the curse of dimensionality",most standard machine learning techniques cannot be directly applied to recognition proteomic mass spectrometry,and these methods also faced with the problem of poor recognition performance.For better efficiency to use principal component analysis(PCA) and local linear discriminant embedding(LLDE) for face recognition,a Double-Time Projections method and a Modified Double-Time Projections method are proposed for recognition proteomic mass spectrometry.The proposed methods first do de-noising and dimension reduction by T-test,and then obtain first projection feature vectors with minimum mean square error and get second projection feature vectors with maximum separability.Finally,preprocessed data are projected in the sub space based on two feature vectors and,are classified.The experimental result from the dataset of ovarian cancer proteomic mass spectrometry indicates that the proposed methods have a better accuracy than available methods.


This paper deals with the hybrid active filter which can reduce the 11th/13th harmonics in AC network by using the single tuned filter. Since the proposed algorithm uses the detuning compensation capability of the filter, the output voltage of the proposed active power filter is changed according to the capacitance of capacitors, magnitude of harmonic current, resonance frequency and control mode. In this paper, the control characteristics and the design of hybrid active filter is investigated. A new hybrid active filter with new algorithm, which is an active filter with single tuned filter instead of double tuned filter, is proposed.


The military interests that have resulted in the creation of a rich diversity of military laser systems are discussed. Some of the more significant technological laser developments are examined, including rage finders and designators, directed energy weapons, laser communications, and laser radar. Some of the military lasers that can be expected in the future are discussed. 8 refs.


Advanced treatment of dyeing wastewater is carried out with continuous micro filtration(CMF)and reverse osmosis(RO) combined process,and its effect is studied.The results show that the system of the combined process with CMF and RO works smoothly,and can effectively remove over 98% of the total CODCr,chromaticity,turbidity and conductivity.The water quality of RO effluent is superior to that of tap water.The main water quality indexes of the treated water can meet the demands of dyeing and printing process.


Chapter 1. Apical Periodontitis: Microbial Infection and Host Responses: Dag Orstavik & Thomas R Pitt Ford. Chapter 2. Pulp-Dentin and Periodontal Anatomy and Physiology: Ivar A. Mjor & Karin Heyeraas. Chapter 3. Pathological aspects of pulpal and periapical inflammations: N. Kawashima and H. Suda. Chapter 4. Pathobiology of Apical Periodontitis: P.N.R. Nair. Chapter 5. Microbiology of Apical Periodontitis: Jose F. Siqueira Jr. Chapter 6. Radiology of Apical Periodontitis: Dag Orstavik and Tore A. Larheim. Chapter 7. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis: Asgeir Sigurdsson. Chapter 8. Epidemiology of Apical Periodontitis: Harald M Eriksen. Chapter 9. Prevention and management of apical periodontitis in primary teeth: Heather Pitt Ford. Chapter 10. Treatment of the exposed pulpodentin complex: B. Gunnar Hasselgren. Chapter 11. Endodontic treatment of teeth without apical periodontitis: Larz S.W. Spangberg. Chapter 12. Endodontic Treatment of Apical Periodontitis: Martin Trope and Gilberto Debelian. Chapter 13. Surgical treatment of apical periodontitis: T R Pitt Ford. Chapter 14. Expected Outcomes in the Prevention and Treatment of Apical Periodontitis: Dr. Shimon Friedman


Abstract : This report describes research on the subject of rate dependence in polymers. The research explores novel techniques for characterising the high rate properties of low impedance polymers. In particular, the difficulties of testing materials with low wave speeds are addressed using two different methods based on wave propagation:1) Optical measurements of the evolution of displacement fields induced by stress wave propagation are used to calculate constitutive parameters using the Virtual Fields Method (VFM). In particular, different loading conditions and time-temperature superposition areexplored.2) Measurements of wave propagation in slender rods using surface mounted strain gauges allows the evaluation of complex propagation coefficients, which in turn can be used to calculate constitutive parameters of linear viscoelastic materials.


A single-electron (SE) device based on "collision-based computing (CBC)" is proposed for information processing. CBC is an analog computing in which input signals behave like billiard balls, and the goals of moving balls are regarded as output positions. The proposed SE device consists of arrayed SE oscillators with coupling capacitor between each pair. An SE oscillator is a threshold decision device which can be used as a reaction-diffusion (RD) model, a kind of the analog computation model. The RD model can express the various behaviors of an excited wave, e.g., "moving at a constant velocity" and "disappearing due to collision". These behaviors are also important for CBC. We designed basic SE-CBC circuits and a full adder as an application, and evaluated their operation by Monte-Carlo computer simulation. The results indicate that this circuit is useful for configuring various types of logical circuits.


Describes the nine categories of pronouns. Learning Objectives: To describe the function of each of the nine categories of pronouns. Pronouns are one of the basic parts of speech in English—they refer to or stand in for a noun. The basic rule for using pronouns effectively is to make sure you've clearly identified the noun, called the antecedent, that the pronoun is standing in for. There are many rules for using pronouns because there are countless nouns they can stand for and many ways they can be used in a sentence. Knowing the nine categories of pronouns, which is what you'll find in this handout, will give you an excellent start on understanding those rules. What follows is a basic explanation of each of the Note that a pronoun can be included in more than one category. Pronouns are categorized according to their function, and some can function in multiple ways. Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns are pronouns that refer to people or things. These pronouns can be further categorized into singular or plural; first, second, or third person; and subjective or objective case (i.e. functioning as the subject or an object in a sentence, respectively). There is a third case, possessive, that we will handle separately below. Person Singular Plural Case First Person I we Subjective me us Objective Second Person you you Subjective you you Objective Third Person he, she, it they Subjective him, her, it them Objective Note. From " Things Your Grammar Never Told You, " by M. Scharton and Note • The first person indicates the person speaking or writing. • The second person indicates the person being spoken or written to. • The third person indicates the person, people, thing or things being spoken or written about (Person, 2000).


Belonging: The Social Dynamics of Fitting In as Experienced by Hmong Refugees in Germany and TexasFaith G. NibbsDurham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2014


The Structured Query Language Injection Attack (SQLIA) is one of the most serious and popular threats of web applications. The results of SQLIA include the data loss or complete host takeover. Detection of SQLIA is always an intractable challenge because of the heterogeneity of the attack payloads. In this paper, a novel method to detect SQLIA based on word vector of SQL tokens and LSTM neural networks is described. In the proposed method, SQL query strings were firstly syntactically analyzed into tokens, and then likelihood ratio test is used to build the word vector of SQL tokens, ultimately, an LSTM model is trained with sequences of token word vectors. We developed a tool named WOVSQLI, which implements the proposed technique, and it was evaluated with a dataset from several sources. The results of experiments demonstrate that WOVSQLI can effectively identify SQLIA.


Pyrazinamide (PYZ), is a first line drug used in treating tuberculosis. it is largely bacteriostatic but sometimes bactericidal on actively replicating tuberculosis bacteria. It is the least understood TB drugs. A rapid, sensitive, simple and cost performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of PYZ by UV detection in rabbit plasma which includes extraction process using protein precipitation using a mixture of heptane-1-sulphonoic acid solution with water and acetonitrile in a ratio of 50:50 v/v. PYZ was eluted under isocratic mode using a Luna C18 column. A mixture of heptane-1-sulphonoic acid solution with water and acetonitrile in a ratio of 50:50 v/v was proved to be the most suitable of all the combinations since the chromatography peaks obtained were well defined and resolved and free from tailing. A mobile phase flow rate of 1.0 mL / min. was found to be suitable in the study range of 0.5 wavelength of detection at 268 nm. The injection volume was 10 μL. The run time of the method was 12 min. The method exhibited good linearity in the range 100 The correlation coefficient (r2) value was found to be 0.999. Precision study showed the % CV value less than 2% in all selected concentrations. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was found to be 100 ng/mL. While, accuracy of LLOQ was found to be 99.9% and %RSD was 0.04%, while the intraand inter-day accuracies were around accuracies were 98-102% respectively. A rapid, sensitive, simple and cost estimation of pyrazinamide in rabbit plasma was developed and validated according ICH guidelines.


Inadequate menstrual hygiene management due to lack of awareness, associated taboos and indiscriminate disposal of sanitary waste, is a common phenomenon in most developing countries including India. While using sanitary pads has really seen an uptake over the last couple of years especially in urban areas, awareness on the appropriate mechanism for their disposal is limited. This study is an attempt to understand and identify the barriers for enabling a conducive environment to manage menstruation in the most effective way. Through this study, the authors also tried to analyze the willingness to shift and pay for the use of environmentally safer sanitary products and resort to a more sustainable system.


One of the priority directions of the leadership of the Republic of Moldova, is the stimulation of local electricity production from renewable sources, where the main possibilities are wind and solar energy. In this paper, are studied the wind energy potential and wind characteristics for the administrative-territorial entities of the second level (districts) in the Southern Development Region of the Republic of Moldova, which includes 8 districts: Basarabeasca, Cahul, Cantemir, Căuşeni, Cimişlia, Ştefan Vodă, Leova, Taraclia and Territorial Administrative Unit - Găgăuzia. To carry out the research, were used: the special program Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program (WASP), data on wind speed and direction measured at the hydrometeorological station Ceadir-Lunga from the subdivision of the State Hydrometeorological Service and the orographic map of the Republic of Moldova. For the whole region were: calculated and presented the maps of the average annual wind speed and wind power density at the height of 100 m above ground level; classified the district territory according to the power density value and also calculated the theoretical wind power possible to install. Following the calculations made for the eight districts analyzed and (TAU)-Găgăuzia, it was found that the average annual wind speed at a height of 100 m is between 5,27 and 7,50 m/s, and the wind power density - between 163 and 415 W/m2. In Cantemir district was identified the highest average annual speed equal to 7,50 m/s and wind power density equal to 422 W/m2 but in Basarabeasca district are the lowest numbers.


The flow of high temperature combustible gas in a horizontal pipe is studied as a model for a biomass moving bed gasifier. The general problem is a fully developed flow in a pipe in the presence of free convection heat transfer. When the flow Reynolds number is low, asymptotic solutions are developed. Several limiting solutions are developed for the basic nonlinear approximation. The higher approximations are linear and are tackled analytically and by a finite difference scheme employing central differences. The results are discussed quantitatively.


Energy is vital for techno-socio-economic development of global transportation sector. A country's energy policy will aim to provide an appropriate mix of resources to meet its energy demand. Biofuels have emerged as an alternative to meet the energy requirements. The contribution of this study is the evaluation of sustainable biofuel energy policies to increase the usage of biofuels in the transport sector without affecting the country's food security and to achieve social, economic and environmental benefits. The successful implementation of complex relationship between the factors influencing the production and use of biofuels is also addressed. In the present work, a system dynamics model has been developed to evaluate biofuel production focusing food security and to assess its impact on the economy and the environment. Simulation results have shown that the maximum biodiesel blending between 3.03% to 11.01% is possible without impacting the food security. It has been noted that 20% or less of biodiesel blends can be used as direct replacements for diesel fuel in all heavy-duty diesel vehicles without any alteration or modification of their engines. It has been demonstrated that biofuel blending strategies have a positive impact on the reduction of CO2 emission in the Indian transport sector.


Objective To study the expression and significance of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), apoptosis- regulation proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in preconditioning focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Middle cerebral artery (MCA) of the SD rats was blocked by suture-occluded method to establish preconditioning cerebral ischemia model and cerebral ischemia model. The volume of cerebral infarction was calculated by TTC staining, the expressions of NF-κB、 Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in procerebrum cortices and basal nuclei of rats were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The volume of cerebral infarction in preconditioning ischemia group reduced significantly (p0.01), the cells expressed Bax and NF-κB proteins decresed (p0.001), the expression of Bcl-2 increased clearly (p0.001), compared with ischemia group. Conclusion Ischemia preconditioning can suppress the activation of NF-κB effectively and reduce the death of neural cells.The increase of Bcl-2 and decrease of Bax may be one of the reasons that ischemia preconditioning can produce toleration.


This paper aims to clarify the consumers' preferences in locally-grown farm products, such as rice, vegetables, and fruits. From the viewpoint of ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns compatible with SDGs, local food production and consumption will be required more than ever before. The results of this study show that consumers' preferences depend on the product in question. For example, the most important characteristic is "taste" for rice, and "price" for vegetables and fruits. It is also revealed that consumer is not aware of supporting local environmental benefits through purchasing locally-grown food. The implication here is there is a potential for promoting locally-grown foods. As a reflection of consumers lifestyle recently, it is statistically shown that high health consciousness urges consumers to buy vegetables, rather than rice and fruits. SDGs seek a plan of action to transform everyone into a sustainable society. One easy action is to strengthen consumers' purchase of locally-grown food products. The findings of this study also offers suggestions for formulating effective strategies for promoting locallygrown food products.


Linear hexahedral and tetrahedral elements are joined without linking elements of pyramidal shape. Two triangular faces are constrained by a quadrilateral face in irregular meshes with hanging edges. Edge shape functions are not conforming on the interfaces. Test computations showed good accuracies in the results by the method comparing with results using meshes made of linear hexahedral, tetrahedral and quadratic-nodal-linear-edge elements. The hybrid mesh makes mesh generations flexible and overcomes the degradation of results using the linear tetrahedral edge elements with high aspect ratio for conductive regions in eddy current analyses. The quadratic-nodal-linear-edge elements were also studied and remedy the degradation of linear tetrahedral elements.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for high pressure sterilizing of bulk of products and maintaining a property of sterilized products by providing a throwing means to throw the products to be sterilized on the edge part of a tube of which length of circular cross section is adjustable, and by providing a collecting means to continuously collect the bulk of sterilized products on the other edge. SOLUTION: The tube 1 forms an internal processing container 2 and its length is adjustable, the internal processing container 2 has a round cross section and has two open edges 2a, 2b which encounter each other. The throwing means 10 is provided on the first open edge 2a of the container 2 to throw the continuous bulk of products to be sterilized into the container and a blockade means 30 is provided on the second open edge 2b of the container 2. A pressuring means 50 pressures the continuous bulk of products to sterilize them, and an isolation method 3 isolates the bulk of sterilized products from the bulk of products to be sterilized. Sterilizing means 25, 26 provided on the second edge 2b of the container 2 sterilize the first edge 2a of the container 2, and the collecting means 70 collects the sterilized products. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


The influence of the appendix of the spadix, of phenology and of inflorescence number on the infructescence set in a Northern Spanish population of Arum italicum was studied. The experimental design included leaf removal. nutrient supply and appendix removal by herbivorous rodents. The number of flies trapped in the inflorescences was related to appendix size. Late anthesis resulted in infructescence set more frequently than early anthesis. The predation on the appendix decreased the probability of infructescence set by 30 %. The percentage of open inflorescences that began fruit maturation was 40%, combining all plants preyed upon. Otherwise, plants having two or three inflorescences exhibited higher probability of fruit set. Nutrient supply and leaf removal did not increase infructescence set. but increased the incidence of the predation.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of viscoelastic material (VEM) to the control performance of the viscoelastic tuned mass damper (VTMD). Firstly, the equivalent fractional derivation Kelvin model is used to describe the frequency dependence of viscoelasticity in VTMD, and an index is proposed to characterize the level of frequency dependence. Then the effects of the high loss factor of VEM and frequency dependence of viscoelasticity on the effectiveness and robustness of VTMD control are analyzed by numerical examples. At last, a design strategy for VTMD is proposed to select the type of VEM and optimize its stiffness contribution. The results show that the frequency dependence of shear storage modulus of VEM is beneficial to further reduce the dynamic response of the primary structure equipped with VTMD, and the loss factor of VEM determines the optimum frequency ratio and control effect of VTMD. Compared to the conventional tuned mass damper, VTMD has a better robustness for the positive error of the natural frequency of VTMD but has a worse robustness for the negative error. The frequency dependence of shear storage modulus of VEM is beneficial to the robustness of VTMD for both the positive and negative errors of the natural frequency of the primary structure. The VEM with a strong frequency dependence of shear storage modulus is the ideal VEM for VTMD, and the proposed design strategy can deal with the trade-off between the control effectiveness and control robustness of VTMD.


The present invention relates to a reverse (inverse) treatment planning system, wherein the system further includes a at least one data bus system 102, a memory 106 coupled to the data bus system 102 includes a computer usable program code, to, and includes a processing unit 104 coupled to the memory, and the data bus system 102, the processing unit 104 in advance in the interior and / or exterior of each individual dose of shot (dose shot) the target region a weight (¾) on the basis of the determined position, size, and individual doses shots having a shape (a ) It characterized in that running the computer usable program code for.


Hyperparameter optimization undergoes extensive evaluations of validation errors in order to find the best configuration of hyperparameters. Bayesian optimization is now popular for hyperparameter optimization, since it reduces the number of validation error evaluations required. Suppose that we are given a collection of datasets on which hyperparameters are already tuned by either humans with domain expertise or extensive trials of cross-validation. When a model is applied to a new dataset, it is desirable to let Bayesian hyperparameter optimzation start from configurations that were successful on similar datasets. To this end, we construct a Siamese network with convolutional layers followed by bi-directional LSTM layers, to learn {\em meta-features} over datasets. Learned meta-features are used to select a few datasets that are similar to the new dataset, so that a set of configurations in similar datasets is adopted as initializations for Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. Experiments on image datasets demonstrate that our learned meta-features are useful in optimizing several hyperparameters in deep residual networks for image classification.


By a study of IR and UV absorption spectra it is shown that the dodecathionate anions, S12O6 2– , are sorbed-diffused into a polyamide 6 films if they are treated with the 4·10 –3 mol⋅dm –3 water solution of dodecathionic acid, H2S12O6, at the temperatures of 10 °C − 40 °C. The values of sulfur concentration obtained in polyamide 6 (up to ∼11 mmol⋅cm –3 ) are significantly higher than those, obtained in the studies in which the sorption of pentathionate ions from the K2S5O6 solution or from 2·10 –3 mol⋅dm –3 water solution of dodecathionic acid, H2S12O6, by PA films has been studied. The concentration of sorbed dodecathionate ions increases with the increase of time of treatment, concentration and temperature of a H2S12O6 solution. The copper sulfide, CuxS, layers are formed in the surface of polyamide 6 film if the sulfurized polymer is treated with a solution of Cu(II/I) salt at 80 °C temperature: the anionic particles S12O6 2– containing sulfur atoms of low oxidation state react with the copper ions. The conditions of a polymer initial sulfurization determine the concentration of copper and the composition of sulfide layer: the concentration of copper in the polyamide 6 film increases with the increase of time and temperature of initial sulfurization, and varies from ∼0.5 mmol·cm –3 to ∼3.0 mmol·cm –3 ; the stoichiometrical composition of CuxS layers on polyamide 6 formed according the data of chemical analysis varies from Cu~0.3S to Cu~1.0S. The regularities determined enable formation by sorption-diffusion method of electrically conductive (∼60 Ω/ – ∼1.0 Ω/) copper sulfide layers using the solution of dodecathionic acid as a polyamide 6 sulfurization agent.


The change is indeed quite remarkable, as the facts of Laurens' later life attest. Almost at a stroke, Laurens gave up business and became a politician, exchanging the life of the market place for that of statesman and diplomat. The pages of this volume are fascinating reading for in them one can see the process taking place. Here are Laurens's earliest efforts at mobilizing the opinion of men and drafting public documents, diis time against the local customs " racketeer," but not by any means for the last time. The editors are to be commended for presenting the documentary evidence of the inauguration of his later career in the extensive fashion such materials deserve. I may be forgiven, as an economic historian, for wishing that Laurens had never given up his business. The first five volumes of the Laurens papers, togemer widi the superb edition of the letters of Robert Pringle for the period 1737—45, have told us more about the South Carolina economy than we have ever understood before. They have also whetted our appetites for more. And it is at just this point that I see reason to enter a complaint. There is considerably more about the economic life of the Soudiern colonies in the manuscript Laurens papers dian the editors have chosen to reproduce in print. I recognize all of the pressures, temporal and financial, that argue against the printing of die Austin and Laurens wastebook (1749—51) or die relevant entries from die account book of James Laurens (1767-75) but I can lament their exclusion just the same and I can question die basis of die decision to exclude diem. The example of the numerous insights offered into the life and times of John Marshall by the printing of his accounts in the first volume of die ongoing publication of his papers shows how much the inclusion of such records offers readers and editors alike. Not only are such records for Laurens not published in these volumes, but one gets the impression that they are almost ignored. Thus, for instance, we are told in the introduction to the current volume of an important cache of fifty more Laurens letters (pp. xxi-xxii). The discovery of his account book for the years 1766-73 is buried in a footnote (p. 672, n. 5). Even if downplaying Laurens's role as a merchant does fit current ideas about the pre-eminent place of constitutional considerations in the causation of die American Revolution, and even if Laurens's own later career as statesman was more important than his earlier employment as merchant, we do wrong to diminish his mercantile origins. As diis volume shows quite clearly, Laurens became a revolutionary because of the direct threat to his ships, his goods, and his profits.


The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of clear speech perception by sensori- neural hearing impaired individuals and to find out the acoustic properties contributing to these enhanced perception abilities. Seventeen acquired stable sensori-neural hearing impaired individuals were recruited for the study. Results revealed higher mean scores for clear speech with greater fundamental frequency (F0) and Intensity, longer duration, higher consonant-vowel ratio (CVR) and temporal modulations when compared to conversational speech.


Support for researchers using the Library's collections with Digital Humanities techniques. Support for researchers using the Library's collections with Digital Humanities techniques


Site characterization for the design of geotechnical structures such as deep foundations is crucial, as unanticipated site conditions still represent the most common and most significant cause of problems and disputes that occur during construction. Surface-based refraction methods have been widely used recently to assess spatial variation, but one of the biggest limitations of these methods is that they cannot well characterize reverse profiles (decreasing in velocity with depth), buried low-velocity zones, or deep bedrock. An addition of borehole data to surface data is expected to improve inversion results. In this study, the coupling of so-called downhole and refraction tomography techniques using only one borehole is presented. To both qualitatively and quantitatively appraise the capability of the data, a global inversion scheme based on simulated annealing was investigated. Many synthetic and real test data sets with or without boreholes were inverted using the developed technique to obtain both inverted profiles and associated quantitative uncertainties. A comparison of tomograms utilizing the combined borehole and surface data against tomograms developed using just the surface data suggests that significant additional resolution of inverted profiles at depth are obtained with the addition of a borehole. The uncertainty estimates provide a quantitative assessment of the reliability of the interpreted profiles. It is also found that the quantitative uncertainties associated with the inverted profiles are significantly reduced when adding a borehole. In addition, the inversion results of the combined data provide credible information for the design of deep foundations, particularly useful in implementing the new load and resistance factor design methodology that can explicitly account for spatial variability in design parameters. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000587. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Radiography; Deep foundations; Simulation; Optimization; Boreholes; Site evaluation. Author keywords: Tomography; Deep foundations; Rock socket; Simulated annealing; Global optimization; Travel time.


Soymilk was processed into a nutritious jelly drink product with low sugar level to overcome the problems of current comercial jelly drink. The optimum concentration of iotacarrageenan (0.1-0.3%) was determined based on sensory evaluation and texture analysis. The preferable sweetness level (2.5-7.5%) was determined based on sensory evaluation. The optimum combination of stevia and sucrose (g/l, 0.211:45, 0.27:45, 0.579:45, 0:75) was determined based on sensory evaluation. The effect of the heating time (30-60 min) and the effect of storage temperature (4 and 25 oC) were evaluated by using product characteristic and microbial activity. Results presented in this work suggest that iota-carrageenan was more suitable to be used to produce RTD soy jelly drink than kappa-carrageenan, with 2% addition as the optimum concentration. The combination of 4.5% sucrose and 0.0579% stevia could produce less sugar RTD soy jelly drink with good sensory acceptance. Standard heating process (30 minutes) could hold the microbial activity below the maximum limit up to 21 day at 4 oC storage condition, but only has 6 hours at 25 oC storage condition. The additional heating time could hold up to about 11 hours. The heating process could increase the texture value of product, and the texture characteristic product would be changing during storage at 4 oC.


Introduction Mechanisms underlying the effects of nutritional sITess in sma ll ruminants a re important because of the interrelationships among their nutrit ional, reproductive and productive characteristics (ARASSA, 1995). The erythron is a major componenl of the physiological machinery responsible for oxygen transport in livestock and deficiencies in its funct ion are associated with reduced ruminant foraging act ivity (BLOOD and RAoosnTS, 1989). This lowers the productivity of affected animals. Feeding in re lat ion to the erythron must be proper to ensure adequatc supply of vitamins, minerals and proteins (COLES, 1986). Factors that influence dietary nutrient intake and utilisation are thus, important in foraging deSigns of small rum inants particularly in sub-Saharan Africa where nutritional factors have been implicated in the high reproductive losses of goats and sbeep (ABASSA, 1995). Condensed tannins (CT), known to complex biopolymers such as proteins are abundant in many fodder trees and shrubs in the traditional grazing grounds of sub-Saharan Africa (Lf:) HOUEROU, 1980). These phenolic compounds are not toxic to ruminants (WAGHOR.'l" et al. , 1994) and during selective grazing, intake of these compounds al levels less than 5% CT (COOPER and OWENSMITH, 1985) results into improved protein and amino acid utilisation in ruminants (WAGHORN et al. , 1994; KA8ASA ef al., 1999). This study examined the effect of browse CT ingested during selective grazing on the erythron function and development of anaemia in pregnant goats managed under a traditional free range feeding system.


Cardiorenal syndrome is defined as concomitant dysfunction of the heart and the kidney in which acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may result in acute or chronic dysfunction in another organ.Until recently renal insufficiency was not seen as a significant problem in patient with heart failure, largely because serum creatinine was the benchmark of renal function. Calculated GFR is much more precise indicator of renal disease. In our article we will be stressing the point that while managing a case of heart failure we must keep a close watch on pre-existing renal failure for the optimum benefit of the patient.


The experiment was made in SD rats, which performed overload training. The results showed that the overload training had enormous effects on cardiovascular systems of rats. Comparing the three tested indexes of the experimental group with those of the control group, there existed remarkable differences between them (p0.05). The main reason resulted in this phenomenon was that the functions of the rats' organs couldn't be recovered and compensated because of the continuous overload training, so that the cardiovascular systems of the rats developed in the pathological direction. It was proved that it is important to control the duration, intensity and supercompensation of overload training, which is of significance to the cardiovascular system.


Previous research has demonstrated that extinction in the form of re-presentation of expelled bites is an effective intervention for treating food expulsion. The current study compared the effectiveness of re-presenting expulsions with a spoon to re-presenting with a Nuk brush for a 4-year-old boy with a feeding disorder. Fewer expulsions were observed when using the brush for re-presentation, and further reductions were observed when the brush was also used for initial presentations.


The mitigation of human-induced climate change is of crucial importance for the sustainability of humankind. For this aim the RPC community has exerted considerable effort over the last decade to reduce the greenhouse gases emission from RPC detectors. These included searching for new eco-friendly gases, implementing recovery and/or recirculation systems, improving gas tightness and using new materials and approaches in detector conception and operation for the reduction of gas flow rates. Along this line of work, we present here an RPC architecture aimed at a dramatic reduction of gas use in chambers meant for low particle rate (below ten of Hz⋅cm−2) operation. Two glass chambers were tested for more than six months with zero gas flow, showing no evidence of time-related effects, allowing to consider that permanently sealed RPCs may be within reach, with obvious practical and environmental advantages.


Objective To treat tibial plateau fractures by the way of arthroscopically assisted micro-invasive technique,discuss the operative methods,investigate the results and evaluate the advantages of arthroscopically assisted micro-invasive technique in the treatment of tibial plateau fractures.Methods Twenty-one cases,12 men and 9 women,were treated at 6 h to 12 day after trauma(averaged 6.3 days)by the way of arthroscopically assisted micro-invasive technique,and guided to carry out early joint exercise with protection of joint brace.These cases were followed up for 9-36 months(averaged 19 months)and the results were evaluated by the Merchant Scale.Results All of the fractures have healed.Among them,one case with II type open fracture suffered from wound infection,which was cured by routine change dress after 3 weeks.The results were,according to Merchant Scale,excellent in 12 cases,good in 6 cases,fair in 2 cases and poor in one case.The success rate was 85.2%.Conclusion It was not necessary to open the articular capsule that tibial plateau fractures is treated by the way of arthroscopically assisted micro-invasive technique.The inner injury of the joint can be clearly observed and treated properly.The reduction situation,location and tightening of the internal fixation can be seen.The fracture reduction can be helped by mean of probe.The patients have got less operative damage,shorter hospital stay,faster recovery and lower rate of complications.It must be emphasized to choose proper method of fixation according to the situation of fracture,to ensure the smooth of articuler surface and stability of joint,to treat inner damage of the joint,and to start to exercise as soon as possible.


In 2008, the Minnesota Early Learning Foundation created the Saint Paul Early Childhood Scholarship Program, a pilot program to provide families with scholarships to cover the cost of high-quality early childhood education (ECE) programs. This report provides detailed cost and program data for a sample of 12 ECE programs participating in the scholarship program, including the per-child per-hour cost for participation of children in the programs.


To solve nonlinear multi-objective dynamic optimization problem originates from process control, a modified frame of dynamic modular multivariable controller based on lexicographic optimization strategy is proposed, which had control modules with different priorities. A modified one-step fast nonlinear predictive control algorithm is used to solve control input in every module. Strategy of the selection of final control input is also proposed. The computer simulations on a two-tank system are carried out to confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm.


The "problem and doctrine"dispute between Hu Shi and Li Da-zhao is a dispute concerning experiment doctrine and the socialism of two kinds of thoughts method and the society reform road,and also can be said to be a dispute between original socialism inside the Young China Association and experiment doctrine from outside.Hu Shi's publicity with experiment doctrine produced directly influence to the academic association,and made its members become the so-called"problem and doctrine"parties,who orginal opposed the empty-talk doctrine and laid claim to be engaged in the social businesses and social activities.But the "academic theories and doctrine"dispute that launched around writing ways of the monthly Young China was not the converting mode of "problem and doctrine",but was the performance and result of free research in academic association and preparation doctrine.The "problem and doctrine"parties also developed the certain function in the dispute.


Taiwan Hakka literary creation, having been marginalized for a long time, began to emerge in wake of the abolishment of the martial law in Taiwan in 1987. With Taiwan Hakka literature as the field of study, this paper aims to probe into the existential state and ethnic culture of Taiwan Hakka immigrant-cultivating society in three aspects: the unique living environment in Hakka settlements, the agricultural life style, and the local custom of worshipping traditional rituals. Besides, by scrutinizing the living traits of Hakka immigrant-cultivating society represented in Taiwan Hakka literature, the paper also tries to trace the historical origin between Hakka culture and the agricultural culture on the central plains.


Silver nanoparticles were obtained in situ in ormosil sol–gel films with attached urethane groups. Optical spectra of the silver nanoparticles in the films show red shift of absorption maximum with increasing silver concentration from 2% to 10%. In the solutions λmax is shifted from 390 nm till 425 nm; in the films λmax is shifted from 438 nm till 456 nm. Structural characterizations of the composite sol–gel films incorporated by silver nanocrystals have been studied by: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), energy dispersion X-rays analysis (EDAX), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Two types of silver nanoparticles with sizes of 1–2 nm and 20–40 nm were observed. The crystal grow process and particle sizes depend on the starting concentrations of silver ions, reaction temperature and time. The small silver particles are arranged in micro pores of the matrix, as shown from STEM images. SAED confirms the silver face-centered cubic crystal lattice.


For more than 100 years The Week of Prayer for Christian Unity has been an important expression of ecumenical activity at the local level. The theme and text for each year's observance of the Week of Prayer are chosen and prepared by representatives of the World Council of Churches and the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity. The events in most parts of the world are scheduled from January 18-25 each year, corresponding with the Feast of Saint Peter and the conversion of Saint Paul.


A three-dimensional polarized X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer was assembled with a low-power X-ray tube of 40 milliwatts, and a sample of stainless steel was measured with an acrylic polarizer. Based on the Schrodinger's wave picture of Compton scattering, the dependence of the de Broglie wavelength and the scattering angle of a recoil electron on the incident X-ray energy were calculated. When the incident X-rays were scattered at an angle of 90°, the de Broglie of the recoil electron always went away at an angle of 45° with the incident X-rays and the de Broglie wavelength varied for any wavelength of the incident X-rays, i.e. we could select the scattering angle of the recoil electron to be 45°according to the incident X-ray energy and it could then be regarded as 45° Bragg diffraction that could produce highly polarized X-rays. The polarization measurement of scattered X-rays from an acrylic and lead plates substantiated that Compton scattered X-rays from the acrylic plate had higher degree of polarization than the elastically scattered X-rays from the lead plate. Highly polarized Compton scattered X-rays from the light-element polarizer led to the background reduction and the changes of the characteristic X-ray intensity in XRF spectra measured by our laboratory-made spectrometer. Key words: polarized X-ray fluorescence  spectrometer, stainless steel, acrylic polarizer, Compton scattering, background. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2018.22.2.010


According to the work experience in the public computer room of the university in the last decade,elaborates the management of the software and hardware equipments,the maintenance,and the health and safety management to system and etc.,get in a set of basic management mode of computer room with the contrast of the tradition manage mode,and carry on the analysis to the problem not resolving in the work,give some appropriate suggestion.


: In this paper, we consider the software and hardware implementation of an intelligent control system for optimal use of solar thermal energy and geothermal energy accumulator for heating and hot water supply of residential areas, multi-storey buildings, greenhouses with the highest possible efficiency. To achieve maximum results, the system complies with the Industry 4.0 concept and uses a multi-level management and monitoring structure such as Web dispatching, local and global system management and monitoring, cloud and local data storage, cloud and local management and monitoring, emergency notification and changes in the system via web technologies.


Which factors influence the human assessment of creativity exhibited by a computational system is a core question of computational creativity (CC) research. Recently, the system's embodiment has been put forward as such a factor, but empirical studies of its effect are lacking. To this end, we propose an experimental framework which isolates the effect of embodiment on the perception of creativity from its effect on creativity per se. We not only manipulate the system's embodiment, but also the perceptual evidence as the basis for the human creativity assessment. We motivate the core framework with embodiment and perceptual evidence as independent and the creative process as controlled variable, and we provide recommendations on measuring the assessment of creativity as dependent variable. We hope the framework will inspire others to study the human perception of embodied CC in a principled manner.


Practical experience and scientific research show t hat there is scope for improving the performance of inventory control systems by delayin g a replenishment order that is otherwise triggered by generalised and all too often inapprop riate assumptions. This paper presents the first analysis of the most commonly used continuous ( s, S) policies with delayed ordering for inventory systems with compound demand. We analyse policies with a constant delay for all orders as well as more flexible policies where the delay depends on the order size. For both classes of policies and general demand processes, w e derive optimality conditions for the corresponding delays. In a numerical study with Erl ang distributed customer inter-arrival times, we compare the cost performance of the optimal poli cies with no delay, a constant delay and flexible delays. Sensitivity results provide insigh ts into when the benefit of delaying orders is most pronounced, and when applying flexible delays is essential.


The focus of this paper is to derive the jackknife empirical likelihood for the difference of two Gini indices. For independent data we propose a novel U‐statistic, which allows direct utilization of the jackknife empirical likelihood without involving a nuisance parameter. For paired data we established Wilks' theorem for the profile likelihood after maximization over the nuisance parameter. Simulation studies show that our method is comparable to existing empirical likelihood methods in terms of coverage accuracy, but obtains much shorter intervals. The proposed methods are illustrated via analyzing a real data set. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 44: 102–119; 2016 © 2016 Statistical Society of Canada


【Objective】 To acknowledge the health care status and demands of children born with birth defects. 【Methods】 Between July 2007 and September 2008,453 live born cases of birth defects were diagnosed and registered by the Beijing Birth Defects Monitoring network-a hospital based birth defects registry system.Their parents were called to assess their survival status from birth up to the age of 6~8 months. 【Results】 The proportions of 315 live born infants with birth defects inhabited in Beijing,Expanded Program of Immunization,and physical examination were 94.00%,93.40% respectively.The proportions of having been to the hospital once at least,not having been to the hospital,not acknowledging the fact of infants' birth defects were 70.70%,27.10%,and 2.20% respectively. 【Conclusions】 The medical services were not enough for the demands of children born with birth defects.To establish registry system of children born with birth defects,to accomplish the net of diagnosis,therapy and transport of children born with birth defect will provide more services to the children born with birth defects.


Bal Harbour, Fla. - The excessive sweating of hyperhidrosis causes significant stress and has been shown to affect quality of life, especially in those who develop it at a young age. Of all the treatments available today, one of the safest and most effective for hyperhidrosis patients is botulinum toxin, according to Leslie Baumann, M.D.


The operation of all Swedish nuclear power plants during the last five years was studied with respect to human performance problems by analyzing all scrams and licensee event reports (LERs). The study covers 165 scrams and 1318 LERs. 39% of the scrams and 27% of the LERs on average for the years 1983-7 were found to be caused by human performance problems. Among the items studied, emphasis was placed on the analysis of the causal categories involved in human performance problems resulting in plant events. The most significant causal categories appear to be work organization, procedures not followed, workplace ergonomics, and human variability. The statistical variation, in time, of the analyzed categories does not allow the identification of any robust trend. It is concluded that so far there is no reason for alarm as far as the frequency and consequences of human performance problems are concerned.<<ETX>>


S OF PAPERS, 80th Annual Meeting of the Virginia Academy of Science, May 22-24, 2002, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia Aeronautical and Aerospace Sciences (No Abstracts Submitted) Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture Science ROW SPACING MANIPULATION AND GWOP CANO LA. Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806. GWOP (Grown With Out Pesticides) canola (Brassica napus) has the potential to establish canola as an alternative crop for supplying healthy edible oil. Cano la is generally planted in rows spaced 15 to 20 cm. This practice, precludes the use of mechanical cultivation and necessitates the use of herbicides for weed control. If canola could be produced by planting in wider rows without reducing the oil yield and quality, it would allow mechanical cultivation and facilitate organic production of canola. The results of a replicated field experiment, conducted during 2000-200 I season, indicated lack of statistical differences for seed yield, oil content in the seed, and oil yield for 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 cm row spacings (2898, 2413. 1943, 2180, 1963, and 2223 kg/ha; 38.5, 39.4, 40.0, 41.1, 39.4, and 40.1 percent; and I 106, 943, 776, 896, 771, 890 kg/ha, respectively). The fatty acid profiles were also not affected by row spacings, the total saturated fatty acids varied from 8.6 to 9 .8 percent, total unsaturated varied from 90.2 to 91.4 percent, mono-unsaturated fatty acids varied from 65 .1 to 67 .2 percent, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids varied from 23.0 to 26.5 percent. The results indicated that canola can be grovm by using any of the six row spacings evaluated in this study. Significance of these results lies in the fact that canola can be produced organically by using wide rows. SULFUR FERTILIZER RATE EFFECTS ON CANOLA YIELD AND QUALITY. Ronald A. Bowen and Harbans L. Bhardwaj, Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, V A23806. Efforts by Virginia State University (H.L. Bhardwaj) and Virginia Tech (D.E. Stamer) have led to development of a canola production system which consists of planting in late September to middle October. use of 5-6 kg/ha seed, and use of 100 kg/ha each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. These efforts have also developed a new cultivar (VSX-1) which is adapted to this region. However, the information about use of sulfur fertilizer in canola production in Virginia is not available. A replicated field experiment during 2000-2001 season indicated that the sulfur fertilizer rate significantly affected the seed yield which varied from 1734, 1765, 2209, and 2705 kg/ha, respectively for 0. 15. 30, and 45 kg S/ha. The S rate effects on oil content were not significant but because of significant effects on seed yield, the oil yield was significantly affected by S fertilizer rates. The oil yield varied from 724, 745, 930, and I 097 kg/ha, respectively for 0, 15, 30, and 45 kg S/ha. The oil yield following 30 and 45 kg S/ha were statistically similar and were statistically superior to those following O and 15 kg S/ha. Effects of S fertilizer rates on fatty acid composition of oil were not significant. These results indicate that it may be desirable to apply 30 kg/ha of sulfur for highest canola oil yield in Virginia. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE CHLORIDE CHANNEL-I (CLC-1) GENE IN SHEEP WITH CONGENITAL lvfYOTONIA. Altamarie Woods & Brian L. Sayre, Agriculture Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg 23806. Myotonia is a condition that causes delayed rela.xation of muscles after sudden contractions. In Myotonic goats, myotonia was caused by a single-point mutation in CICI gene. This condition has also been observed in some sheep. The objective of this study was to determine if myotonic sheep had the same CICI mutation. Jugular blood was collected from sheep that expressed the myotonic phenotype (myotonic; n = 3) and did not express the 54 VIRGINIA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE myotonic phenotype (normal; n = 4). Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood samples. A I 77-bp fragment, that contained the CIC-I mutation in goat, was amplified by PCR, and products were subjected to Mbo II restriction enzyme digestion. After Mbo II digestion, two fragments (105 and 72 bp) were found, similar to that found in normal goats. There were no differences in the digested fragment pattern between normal and·myotonic sheep. The single-point mutation related to myotonia in the goat was apparently not present in the myotonic sheep. Further characterization of the CICI gene in the myotonic sheep may result in the discovery ofa different mutation that leads to the myotonic phenotype, and further our understanding of congenital myotonia in animals and humans. TWO YEAR SUMMARY OF GOLDEN TROUT IN WINTER CAGE CULTURE. Scott H. Ne,vton, Cooperative Extension, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806. Golden trout, a genetic color variation of rainbow trout, were reared in side by side cage trials with rainbow during the fall to spring seasons of2000-2001 and 2001-2002. Golden trout survival was 91% and 85% while rainbow trout survival was 92% and 79%, respectively for the two seasons. Average overall weight gains and feed efficiencies between the two strains were not significantly different. Therefore, it appears at this point that selection of which strain to produce may be more closely related with marketing and sales than ratherthan significant production differences. A third season of production comparisons between golden and rainbow trout will be conducted during the fall to spring season of 2002-2003. IMPORTANT STEPS IN AQUACULTURE NUTRITION RESEARCH. Craig S. Kasper, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia State University, Petersburg VA 23806. Aquaculture production must expand to keep up with increasing demand for fish. Increasing aquaculture production will provide food, alternative markets for agriculture products and supplement stocks used in recreational fisheries. Fish nutrition is of critical importance to aquaculture production, especially when confronted with new species. Determining natural food preferences will help to facilitate feed production and stimulate industry gro,\th. Practical diets formulated from known nutrient requirements and manufactured utilizing low-cost, readily available oilseeds, can help to reduce variable costs offeed in fish production by conserving expensive fish meal and increase aquacultural production while improving environmental quality and fish health. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS ON EFFECTS OF ENERGY TO PROTEIN RATIOS IN YELLOW PERCH (Percajlm,escens) S.R. Craig and E. McLean" Virginia/Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, VPI&SU and "Department ofFisheries &.Wildlife Sciences, VPI&SU. Results from a preliminary trial investigating the effects of different protein to energy ratios on weight gain and biological indices of yellow perch (Percajlarescens) was performed in a recirculating system consisting of 10 gallon glass aquaria. Experimental diets with energy to protein ratios ranging from 6 to 14 were fed to triplicate groups of yellow perch (n=8/aquaria) for 10 weeks. Yellow perch fed the diets containing the highest energy to protein ratios ( 11.2 and 14.8) had significantly reduced weight gain compared with fish fed the diets with energy to protein ratios under 10, which all had similar weight gain. Biological indices measured included hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (!PF) ratio and viserceral mass index. No significant dietary effects were observed on the biological indices measured, although yellow perch fed the diets with higher energy to protein ratios tended to have larger HSI. All fish in the present study had significant lipid deposition as measured by the IPF ratio, with fish in all treatments having at least an IPF ratio of 4 or higher. Further refinement of the energy to protein ratio in this species is warranted. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF SOUTHERN FLOUNDER (Paralichthys lethostigma) FRY PRODUCTION IN RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS (RAS). M. H. Schwarz1, R.W. Cool1, D.E. Mowry1, S.R. Craig, E. McLean', and M.L. Jahncke• VSAREC 102 S. King


he invention relates to a high throughput micro-current controlled cell chip. The high throughput micro-current controlled cell chip includes cell micro channels, medicament micro channels, and cell cultivation units, wherein, each cell cultivation unit includes a cell cultivation area, cell micro-valves, medicament micro-valves, a first connected micro-valve, and a first connected micro-channel.When all the cell micro-valves are opened, the call is injected to the cell cultivation area through the cell micro channel; when all the cell micro-valves are closed, all the medicament micro-valvesof a certain line of the cell cultivation unit is closed, while other medicament micro-valves are opened, when all the first connected micro-valves of the line of the cell cultivation unit is opened and other first connected micro-valves are closed, the medicament passes through a channel composed of the medicament micro channels, the first connected micro-valves of the line of the cell cultivation units and the cell micro channels, to inject in all the cell cultivation areas of the line of the cell cultivation units. The high throughput micro-current controlled cell chip has high efficiency when investigating a single kinds of cells, and is suitable for cultivation of adherent cells and suspension cells.


The coupling between a cavity and a loup Is generally calculated by m'ans of an equivalent circuit where the cavity Is represented by resonant RLC circuits, one for every resonant mode [1]. Each mode Is coupled to the loup circuit by means of a transformer whose mutuel inductance M.. Is of course different rom mode to mode. In the following we Will calculette the mutuel inductance between a real cavity and a loup for a single mode of resonance. It Is assumed that this mode Is independent rom any other mode. The results Will be rue in the proximity of the resonant fiequency of the mode.


In this paper, a fixed-time safe control problem is investigated for an uncertain high-order nonlinear pure-feedback system with state constraints. A new nonlinear transformation function is firstly proposed to handle both the constrained and unconstrained cases in a unified way. Further, a radial basis function neural network is constructed to approximate the unknown dynamics in the system and a fixed-time dynamic surface control (FDSC) technique is developed to facilitate the fixed-time control design for the uncertain high-order pure-feedback system. Combined with the proposed unified transformation function and the FDSC technique, an adaptive fixed-time control strategy is proposed to guarantee the fixed-time tracking. The proposed fixed-time control strategy can guarantee uniform control structure when addressing both constrained and unconstrained situations. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed fixed-time tracking control strategy.


The increase in derivatives use over the past three decades has stimulated both theoretical and empirical research into the basis of such use. However, results from studies examining the financial characteristics of firms using each type of derivatives are not always easy to interpret and to make comparisons. This is due to the fact that it is not uncommon for firms to use more than one type of derivatives at the same time. We establish that differences exist, for each of the three types of derivatives (interest rate, foreign currency, and commodity price), between the results obtained with a sample of exclusive users and those obtained with a sample of non-exclusive users. Prominent among these differences is the effect of size: it disappears when we utilize only observations involving exclusive use of each type of derivatives.


Background and Aims: PDE4 inhibitors have been attracting attention as new therapeutic agents for chronic airway diseases, it is known to be involved in a wide range of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses. A pilot study also confirmed that the PDE4 inhibitor inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation. We investigated the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, the MAPK/ERK and the NFAT pathway, which are mainly signaling pathways of T lymphocytes and the mechanism at which stage the PDE4 inhibitor acts. Methods: After splenocyte isolation of murine cells, CD4 + T cells were isolated and proliferated with anti-CD3/ CD28 antibodies. After treatment with RNO, Western assay was performed with anti-p-P38, anti-pJNK1/2, anti-p-ERK1/2, anti NFAT1 (NFATc2) and NF-κB (Ik-Bα, NF-κB p65) antibodies. IP3R1, Calcineurin, NFAT1 and p-PLCγ1 were used for the NFAT1 signal pathway. Results: IL-2 mRNA and IL-2 cytokine were decreased when treated with RNO in proliferated CD4 + cells. RNO inhibited p-P38 and NFAT1 in Western assay. P-JNK1/2, p-Erk1/2, and p-PI3K tend to increase, Ik-Bα and NF-κB p65 were not show significant changes after RNO treatment. In NFAT1 pathway, RNO inhibited NFAT1, Calcineurin synthesis and did not affect IP3R1 and p-PLCγ1(TCR signals). Conclusion: Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor affects the NFAT pathway and affects T lymphocyte proliferation by acting on calcineurin and NFAT1.


This paper presents the effect of switching a shunt capacitor banks at a utility's substation and the subsequent voltage magnification on a customer voltage bus. The magnification of transient phenomenon is produced when the natural frequency of the LC circuit formed by the switching capacitor banks and the system Thevenin's impedance is similar to the natural frequency of LC circuit formed by customer's shunt capacitor and the inductance between the two capacitors banks. The application of a capacitor banks is a usual practice of utilities and industrial plants to reduce energy cost; a shunt capacitor bank to correct the power factor is installed. This practice can result in an undesirable voltage magnification at customer bus. The Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) was used to simulate voltage magnification phenomenon. An example of a mitigation alternative is also provided.


Introduction A macromonomer is any polymer or an oligomer with a polymerizable functionality as an end group. Formally, the macromonomer homopolymerizes to afford a staror comb-shaped polymer and copolymerizes with a conventional monomer to give a graft copolymer. Thus the macromonomer serves as a convenient building block to constitute arms or branches of known structure in the resulting polymer. A large number of macromonomers, differing in the type of the repeating monomer and the end-group have so far been prepared, thereby offering the possibility of construction of an enormous number of branched polymers in a variety of architectures, combinations, and compositions. Polymerization and copolymerization of macromonomers have also been studied in great detail in order to understand their unique behavior in comparison with that of conventional monomers.Their useful application in design of polymeric microspheres has also been appreciated recently. Some interesting properties of poly(macromonomers) have also been explored very recently as a simple model of brush polymers which are of increasing interest [1,2]. In the present paper, we report preparation of novel rod-like macromonomers of poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) (2) (VB-HIC-n) with a p-vinylbenzyl polymerizable functional group by a coordination living polymerization of n-hexyl isocyanate (HIC) with titanium alkoxide complex (1) as an initiator, as shown in below. The dimensional characterizations of the VB-HIC-n macromonomers in hexane at 25 C have been carried out by SAXS measurements.


Analysis of GaAs nanowire growth was carried out using Monte Carlo simulation. Nanowire formation was observed only within some definite temperature range. Nonlinear dependence of growth rate on temperature and decreasing dependence of growth rate on catalyst drop diameter was demonstrated. It was shown that optimal choice of growth parameters allows to achieve stoichiometric vertical nanowire growth.


Nowadays,applied talent fostering has been recognized as the strategic goal by lots of colleges and universities in China.In order to fulfill the target,the key is to make structural and systematic reforms in the traditional courses.In recent years,the course of "working process systematization" which is derived from the related theory and method starting from German has become one popular course pattern applied in some vocational schools of China.The course of "working process systematization" is designed according to the accomplishment of typical working tasks of certain profession and post.Its key principle is that "the content of study is working and the study is realized by working." The content of the course is both cross-disciplinary and comprehensive.This course pattern is well suited for training applied talents in structure,content and teaching methods,etc.It is feasible as well to the colleges and universities to perform in developing methods and implementing conditions.It deserves grave concern and thorough investigation and study.


Abstract Background The backup nurses are created to meet emergencies in the case of inadequate nursing staff and emergency circumstances, and there are no clear definitions of the core competencies for training and evaluation of backup nurses in the acute care hospitals in China. Methods This study used a modified Delphi process where an initial list of potential competencies is established following a framework of training need analysis (TNA), literature review, and focus groups. This process generated as a list of 47 core competencies, which is presented to an expert panel (n = 20) for consideration in two rounds. Results As determined by the survey, a combination of 26 core competencies in three specified categories is identified: professional practice ability, critical thinking ability, and interpersonal skills. A total of 154.99 h is required to complete all 26 core competencies, and each item has a corresponding evaluation method. Conclusions The core competencies provide a scientific basis for the hospital nursing managers to train and evaluate backup nurses, and it may ensure consistency in standards across the country.


BackgroundPolypharmacy is one of the most critical issues worldwide, especially in elderly people. In Japan, fees to support deprescription were established in 2018 which are calculated as the community pharmacists propose deprescribing in patients prescribed 6 or more medications regularly by submitting documents to the prescribing doctor, who may withdraw 2 or more medications. However, these are hardly calculated though many deprescribing proposals submitted.ObjectiveThe objective in this study, success factors in deprescribing proposals from the community pharmacists to prescribing doctors were searched for.MethodsTracing reports submitted from Aug 2017 to Mar 2020 were investigated retrospectively and factors that influenced the success of deprescribing were searched for.ResultsOne hundred and twenty-three tracing reports (67 reports of successful deprescribing and 56 reports of failure, success rate was 54.5%) were submitted to the prescribing doctors. Deprescribing proposals with existing unused medications or an assessment of possible adverse events significantly increased the deprescribing success rate. Whether the pharmacist experienced face-to-face communication with the prescribing doctors was not significant.ConclusionTracing reports with deprescribing proposals submitted by the community pharmacists may resolve polypharmacy. Mentioning unused medications or possible adverse events could increase the deprescribing success rate.


The technique includes a process of introducing and dissolving at least one oxidizing agent in a product to cause a reaction to improve its organoleptic characteristics, with the peculiarity that is applied directly to the product when it is frozen, or by a liquid or frozen gas that it acts as a transmitter. To implement the technique, different facilities adapted to the peculiarities of each application, depending on the product to be treated and depending on whether it is directly or indirectly in this case is providing and controlling contact between transmitters and receivers agents Modify- products shown.


The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze customer perceptions about the conversion of conventional Nagari Bank to Islamic Nagari Bank, as well as to analyze the obstacles that occur when conventional Nagari Bank converts to Bank Nagari Syariah. The research method is field research (field research), data collection techniques using observation, in-depth interviews and documentation and data analysis techniques using qualitative descriptive analysis methods.
The results showed that the dominant perceptions of Bank Nagari customers supported and loyal to the decision of Bank Nagari to convert to Sharia so that they could apply the Minangkabau philosophy. Meanwhile, the obstacles faced by Bank Nagari are from the internal side such as the readiness of human resources, the era of digitalization or the digital ecosystem and it is not easy to provide products that have significant changes, from the external side such as the spread of the corona virus, the impact of the trade war between the United States and China and different views from Public.


to join or stay in my choral ~~ groups?&dquo; Just as I was embarking on my teaching career, the Choral Journal published a series of articles in which Leonard Van Camp explored issues facing choral music education in the United States, including a list of reasons for the continued decline in the number of boys who elected to sing in high school choral ensembles. He commented, &dquo;I am convinced that we are, in fact, in the middle of a serious crisis.&dquo;2 Before


We introduce the quantum multi–Schur functions, quantum factorial Schur functions and quantum Macdonald polynomials. We prove that for restricted vexillary permutations, the quantum double Schubert polynomial coincides with some quantum multi-Schur function and prove a quantum analog of the Nagelsbach–Kostka and Jacobi–Trudi formulae for the quantum double Schubert polynomials in the case of Grassmannian permutations. We prove also an analog of the Giambelli and the Billey–Jockusch–Stanley formula for quantum Schubert polynomials. Finally we formulate two conjectures about the structure of quantum double and quantum Schubert polynomials for 321–avoiding permutations.


Polyethylene, PE for short, is a thermoplastic resin made by polymerization of ethylene. With the development of the petrochemical industry, polyethylene production has been developed rapidly, and the output accounts for about 1/4 of the total output of plastics. The properties of polyethylene vary from species to species, mainly depending on the molecular structure and density. As one of the basic raw materials of the chemical industry, polyethylene is widely used, mainly for manufacturing films, containers, pipes, monofilaments, wires and cables, daily necessities, etc. It is also used as a high-frequency insulating material for TV and radar, etc. This paper briefly introduces the structure of HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE and other common polyethylene, analyzes their properties, and introduces the applications of this polyethylene in production and life. The paper also discusses polyethylene's preparation process, including the autoclave method, high pressure tubular method, gas-phase method, slurry method, and Solution method. In discussing the production methods, we also analyzed the catalysts used in the production process, such as Ziegler-Natta, Cr-based, metallocene, and non-metallocene.


Background. Over the last 15 year, DREEM was applied in various educational settings to appraise educational climate. So far, none of article reported its stability in Malaysian medical students. Objective. To determine stability of the DREEM to measure educational climate at different time and occasions using a sample of medical students. Methodology. A prospective cohort study was done on 196 first year medical students. It was administered to the medical students at four different intervals. The Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation analysis were applied to measure internal consistency and agreement level across the intervals. The analysis was done using SPSS 18. Result. A total of 186 (94.9%) medical students responded completely to the DREEM inventory. The overall Cronbach's alpha value of the DREEM at the four measurements ranged between 0.91 and 0.94. The average Cronbach's alpha values of the five subscales ranged between 0.45 and 0.83. The ICC coefficient values for the DREEM total score was 0.67 and its subscales ranged between 0.51 and 0.62. Conclusion. This study supported satisfactory levels of stability and internal consistency of the DREEM to measure educational climate over multiple observations in a sample of Malaysian medical students. Continued research is required to optimise its psychometric credential across educational settings.


The parameters optimization problem to get the good regression accuracy and generalization performance of the support vector machine(SVM) is discussed.With the introduction of mixed kernels,SVM has one more adjustable parameter besides penalty and kernel parameter.To the multi-parameter selection problem of SVM with mixture kernels,a method is put forward by using chaotic particle swarm optimization which has better global search ability.Each particle indicates a group of the SVM parameters.The algorithm includes judging and handling the local convergence by adopted a strategy to optimize the three parameters synchronously.It realizes a optimal parameter selection of SVM.The simulated experiment shows the effectiveness of the algorithm.The method is applied to the research of modeling the Glutamic acid fermentation process with higher accuracy.


The substantial and increasing use of medications escalating the risk of harm globally. The serious medication errors in hospital and community settings resulting from patient injury and death. Hence, a cross‐sectional study was aimed to analyse the prescribing and dispensing errors in the outpatient departments of a south Indian hospital.


A lthough relatively uncommon, indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) often remains visually devastating (1). Numerous treatments have been suggested in the past, particularly surgical optic nerve decompression and high-dose systemic corticosteroids. However, more recent studies have suggested that no treatment might be better than potentially harmful therapeutic interventions, and the management of indirect TON remains highly controversial (1–3).


The popularity of the Internet has changed everything about the radio industry. With the deep integration between the radio and the Internet, the radio industry has faced great challenges to organize the large-scale audio dataset, build an flexile architecture, and recommend highly personalized content to users. To address these problems, we realize a lightweight web application of the Internet personalized radio, which based on the Django framework. Our web application is able to simulate the live radio stream, as well as providing the correspond content according to the demand for each user. On the other hand, this research discusses the four-tier system architecture of the internet personalized radio: Service Layer, Data Layer, Interface Layer, and Business Layer. According to the web interface, this system puts forward a data acquisition scheme to collect users' explicit and implicit behaviors and proposes a data transmission scheme between the web and the big data service.


The 1992 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey indicated that overall 71% of current family planning (FP) users in Upper Egypt relied on private sector providers for their contraceptive methods. This ranged from 55% in Beni Suef to 87% in Aswan. 99% of currently married women knew at least one contraceptive method in all governorates except in Menya where 97% of married women knew about FP. In Upper Egypt the level of FP was lower than in other regions. Less than two-thirds of married women said that both they and their husbands approved of FP compared with more than three-quarters of married women in the country as whole. 9% of married women said that they did not approve of FP while 18% reported that their husbands disapproved of it. As expected the highest disapproval levels were for female sterilization. However the pill was disapproved by 33% in Fayoum vs. 10% in Aswan. Overall in Upper Egypt roughly two-thirds of married women reported recent exposure to an FP message. The level in Upper Egypt was below that in Lower Egypt where about 80% of married women had seen or heard a recent FP broadcast. Over half of the women in all governorates said that television was the first source from which they had heard about FP. Friends and relatives were the first source of information for a fifth or more of women in all governorates except Qena and Aswan. 45% of married women in Upper Egypt cited television as influencing them to obtain FP information and about one-third cited friends and relatives. Overall 60% of married women in Upper Egypt wanted no more children while 20% wanted to delay the next birth at least 2 years. For Upper Egypt the proportion of those with unmet need was 28% which was significantly higher than the national figure.


PURPOSE: A recording device is provided to prevent a drop of accessibility and to improve an editing property when the data whose data structure is converted are recorded on a recording medium. CONSTITUTION: An MPEG coded encoding output is supplied to a file generator(5). The file generator(5) converts the data structure of the encoding output so as to have a file structure dealt with a Quick Time. Plural video Samples are answered to a video Chunk, and plural audio Samples so as to become a time equal to the video Chunk are answered to the audio Chunk. The processing of error correction coding, data modulation are performed for the data made as the file format of the Quick Time, and the processed data are recorded on an optical disk(20). Plural pieces of sets that video and audio Chunks are multiplexed are recorded with the continuous recording length of the optical disk. A Chunk flag showing a relation of a track becoming an object of continuous recording and a Chunk number showing the number of Chunk or set pieces incorporated in the continuous recording length are defined newly in the Movie Resource part of the Quick Time.


In this paper, we focus on designing energy-efficient opportunistic multicast scheduling method and user sleeping mechanism for scalable video transmission in a wireless network. The goal is to minimize the total energy consumption for receiving video data with bandwidth constraint and users' minimum QoS requirements. To utilize opportunistic multicast scheduling, unequal erasure protection (UXP) scheme is used for scalable video at the application layer. Considering the encoding characteristics and unequal protection scheme of scalable video, the UXP frame-level QoS is defined. And a low-complexity scheduling algorithm is proposed by transforming frame-level QoS requirement into slot-level QoS requirement at each time slot dynamically. Simulation results shows that our proposed algorithm can achieve better tradeoff between users' energy consumption and QoS requirements than conventional multicast scheduling schemes. Besides, multicast users' energy efficiency can be improved further if larger decoding delay is allowed at the receiver.


We calculated deer mouse densities based on mark-recapture data collected annually by the National Park Service on two plots during the spring season (March) as well as once during the fall/winter season (September-December) from 2007-2012 [1]. Mouse captures in 2013 were far too low to reliably estimate abundance and density, so instead we calculated the minimum number known alive (MNKA). The mouse monitoring protocol is described in detail in Fellers et al. [2]. Briefly, each plot has 100 permanent trap stations that are arranged in a 10 X 10 pattern spaced 7m apart, at which one small Sherman live-trap is placed during trapping sessions that are conducted typically over three consecutive nights. Mice were weighed, sexed, and given a uniquely numbered ear tag before release.


In a low-mass asymptotic giant branch star which has a small carbon-oxygen core, a layer of carbon-rich material is produced just below the hydrogen-helium discontiniuty during the peak of a thermal pulse. Following pulse peak, this layer expands outward and cools until the opacity at the edge of the layer becomes large enough to force convective motions to arise. As a consequence of the fact that the opacity is a strong function of the carbon abundance, a semiconvection region is established which carries carbon-rich material outward into hydrogen-rich material. As the base of the convective envelope moves inward in mass, fresh carbon is brought to the surface for core masses smaller than found previously, thus potentially removing a long-standing discrepancy between theoretically predicted and observed properties of carbon star distributions.


Purpose
This paper hypothesizes that a system of accounting underpinned by attributions of harm has the capacity, more than conventional accounting, to elicit empathic concern among managers, by becoming the mediating link between organisational responsibility and concern for the "other".

Design/methodology/approach
The literature-inspired reflections presented in this paper stem from the theoretical perspective of care-ethics supported by the notions of empathy and proximity to highlight how the propensity to empathise is mediated by attributions of harm and responsibility.

Findings
The proposed "new" accounting, coined "connected accounting" is proposed because of its potential to make visible the neglected and marginalised segments of society that presently lie hidden in conventional accounting. Accounting for the effects of organisational practice on people and society is expected to strengthen the care-ethic relationship between key actors – managers, accountants and stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications
The paper is limited by the assumptions that underpin the conceptualised notion of "Connected Accounting".

Originality/value
This essay introduces to the accounting ethics literature the role of emotion and empathic care in accounting, including sociological aspects of accounting reflecting the ongoing quest for understanding the processes and consequences of accounting as a social practice.


Modern economy sees efficient performance of some enterprises and companies, as well as regional and national economic systems to be associated with permanent improvement of human capital quality. This gives rise to certain requirements imposed on the employees to take retraining courses regardless of the nature of their work and their working conditions. These requirements do not actually bring any real knowledge and skills. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to measure the efficiency of human capital investment in the context of business needs in permanent expansion of employees' education capital. The author applied a large-scale questionnaire-based survey as the main method for collecting the source data to reliably sample the heads of the companies (deputy heads, leaders of the structural units) who work in Volgograd City and Volgograd Region. To receive more detailed information, some respondents were interviewed. Official public, regional and departmental statistics were also used as the database for the research. Data was processed with Statistica app. The research gives the following useful findings: 1) accumulated education capital is sufficient and ultimately satisfies the business performance of the national enterprises and companies; 2) regular expansion of human capital with regular retraining and advanced training courses is not a must for the employees and is seen to be an unavoidable measure to comply with the legislation. Thus, this does not deepen knowledge, improve skills and has no evidenced efficiency for all agents of the investment process (individuals, employers, state), because it does not increase their income in a measurable manner. Conclusions from the research prove the need to develop a comprehensive social and economic mechanism aimed to increase the efficiency level of investments into total human capital in a typical region of the Russian Federation. This mechanism can be derived from the current structure of human capital investment at all business levels, and fundamentally new events, institutes, and practices of human capital reproduction should be introduced in the regional economy.


An exhaust gas purifying catalyst which is made excellent in heat resistance and in S-resistance by keeping the catalytic activity of Pt particles in a satisfactory state. The exhaust gas purifying catalyst is made such that a coating layer containing a compound oxide of cerium and an oxide of a metal for stabilizing the oxide of said cerium and an oxide containing no cerium is formed on a substrate, and such that platinum particles are carried on the catalyst. Said compound oxide has a pore volume of 0.1 cc/g or more, and said platinum particles are selectively adsorbed at the electrode accepting points on said compound oxide.


Agricultural production is highly dependent on the climatic variability
of the specific regions. Differential climatic and soil conditions bring about
changes in yield, quality of crops thus affecting the economy. This study
evaluated the impact of variability in different climatic factors keeping the
other factors constant on spring wheat production in North Dakota from 2007 to
2011. The spring wheat yield mainly depends on the climatic changes during
growing periods April to September. Average maximum air temperature was
significantly different from April to September except June from 2007 to 2011.
High average minimum and maximum air temperatures during planting time increase
yield and planting area for 2010. In 2011, low mean soil temperature, excess
rainfall in April caused low yield of spring wheat. The unmitigated climate
variability will result in declines in yields. So, adoption of sustainable
agriculture practices helps the farmers to develop the different practices for
their farms.


Abstract Four Paleocene petrosal bones from the Itaboraí fissure fillings of Brazil belong to two metatherian morphotypes. They are compared with ear regions of other fossil and recent marsupials. The results of a parsimony analysis using thirty-eight characters from the petrosal and ear region are partly congruent with recent studies and confirm that characters from the ear region are highly informative for phylogenetic reconstruction. Metatheria are diagnosed by five petrosal synapomorphies: stapedial artery absent in adults; reduced, intramural prootic canal; extrabullar internal carotid artery; inferior petrosal sinus between petrosal, basisphenoid, and basioccipital; and cava supracochleare and epiptericum completely separated. The stem group of South American and Australian metatherians is composed of the Paleocene taxa Pucadelphys, one of the oldest known metatherians from South America, and Petrosal Type II from Itaboraí. Among the South American-Australian metatherians two clades are defined here. The crown clade is composed of Australian taxa plus Dromiciops (here referred to Australidelphia sensu stricto), while they plus Caenolestes form the Australidelphia sensu lato. Petrosal Type I from Itaboraí is the most basal taxon of Australidelphia sensu lato, the latter diagnosed by three significant synapomorphies: ventral part of the mastoid rounded and bulbous owing to enlargement of the fossa subarcuata; posttemporal foramen absent; and foramen for a branch of the transverse sinus present on the posterior edge of the ventral pars canalicularis.


Polimex-Cekop, the Poland's oldest enginering, contracting and trading company has become a major importer, rather than exporter of capital goods in the drive to prepare the polish industry to joint the European Union


Small specimen mechanical testing is an exciting and rapidly developing field in which fundamental deformation behaviours can be observed from experiments performed on comparatively small amounts of material. These methods are particularly useful when there is limited source material to facilitate a sufficient number of standard specimen tests, if any at all. Such situations include the development of new materials or when performing routine maintenance/inspection studies of in-service components, requiring that material conditions are updated with service exposure. The potentially more challenging loading conditions and complex stress states experienced by small specimens, in comparison with standard specimen geometries, has led to a tendency for these methods to be used in ranking studies rather than for fundamental material parameter determination. Classifying a specimen as 'small' can be subjective, and in the present work the focus is to review testing methods that utilise specimens with characteristic dimensions of less than 50 mm. By doing this, observations made here will be relevant to industrial service monitoring problems, wherein small samples of material are extracted and tested from operational components in such a way that structural integrity is not compromised. Whilst recently the majority of small specimen test techniques development have focused on the determination of creep behaviour/properties as well as sub-size tensile testing, attention is given here to small specimen testing methods for determining specific tensile, fatigue, fracture and crack growth properties. These areas are currently underrepresented in published reviews. The suitability of specimens and methods is discussed here, along with associated advantages and disadvantages.


Abstract Soil erosion is a main problem in sloping vineyards, which can dramatically affect soil quality and fertility. The present study aimed to evaluate the spatial patterns of selected physico-chemical soil characteristics and the soil's potentially toxic element (PTE) contents in the context of erosion. The study was conducted in a 0.4 ha vineyard plot on a steep slope in Tállya, part of the wine-growing region of Tokaj-Hegyalja (Hungary). A total of 20 topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected and analysed for PTEs (B, Co, Ba, Sr, Mn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu), soil pH (deionized water and KCl solution), particle-size distribution, soil organic matter (SOM), (nitrate+nitrite)-N, P2O5, and carbonate content. Among the selected PTEs, only Cu (125±27 mg/kg) exceeds the Hungarian standards set for soils and sediments (75 mg/kg) due to the long-term use of Cu-based pesticides in the vineyard. Examined PTEs are negatively correlated with the sand content of the topsoil, except for Mn, while the significant positive relationship with the clay content shows the role of clay in retaining PTEs in soil. SOM seems to play a minor role in binding PTEs, as Cu is the only element for which a significant correlation with the SOM content can be detected. The spatial distribution maps prepared by inverse distance weighting (IDW) and lognormal kriging (LK) methods show higher PTE contents at the summit and the shoulder of the hillslope and lower contents at the backslope and the footslope zones. The low slope gradients (0-5 degree) and the high contents of the coarse fraction (> 35%) likely protect the soil at the summit and the hillslope's shoulder from excessive erosion-induced losses. While the reraising PTE contents at the toeslope are likely due to the deposition of fine soil particles (silt and clay). The highest SOM contents at the summit and the toeslope areas, and increased contents of the coarse fraction at the backslope, confirm the effects of soil erosion on the spatial distribution patterns of main soil quality indicators. Overall, the LK outperformed the IDW method in predicting the soil parameters in unsampled areas.


by KUMARASWAMY BUDUR, MD Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with sleep disturbances. An electroencephalographic (EEG) pattern of alpha wave intrusion in delta wave sleep (alpha-delta sleep) is observed in some subjects with MDD. The treatment-resistant symptoms in MDD, non-restorative sleep and fatigue, are associated with alpha-delta sleep. The objective of this study is to identify the prevalence and clinical correlates of alpha-delta sleep in MDD. Methods: Retrospective study of 150 polysomnograms of subject's ≥ 18 years (75 each with and with no MDD). The percent of delta waves with alpha intrusion was collected and analyzed. Results: MDD patients had higher alpha-delta sleep (23.4±14.2 %; 2.3±6.7%, p<0.01). MDD patients with high alpha-delta sleep were at 3.15 greater odds to have excessive daytime sleepiness. Conclusion: Patients with MDD have a higher prevalence of alpha-delta sleep. Alpha-Delta sleep is associated with daytime sleepiness in MDDpatients.