communication as part of their professional development— both as written and oral communication. Our residents gain substantial experience with publishing manuscripts, submitting grant applications, and presenting results of their research at national and international meetings. People who gravitate to surgery are action oriented by nature and our professional development program widens their perspectives and broadens the scope of their abilities to impact the field of surgery. We do this by personalizing their research experience, pairing them with dedicated faculty mentors, offering didactics on topics not typically part of a surgery residency curriculum, creating opportunities to meet not only with senior faculty in the Department of Surgery but also with leaders throughout the College of Medicine and the Ohio State University. We support their intellectual discourse at scientific conferences, identify national networking opportunities and recognize achievement.


This paper describes the design of a system that simulates a human student learning to prove theorems in logic by interacting with a curriculum designed to teach those skills. The paper argues that sequences in this curriculum use instructional strategies, and that the student recognizes these strategies in driving the learning process.


Objective To establish a rapid method of real-Time PCR to detect and type the Ebola virus(EBOV).Method A pair of primers and TaqMan probe were designed in accordance with conserved sequences of glycoprotein genes of the Sudan and Zaire Ebola virus.Standard samples were a 10-fold serial dilution of pblue-SG and pblue-ZG.Samples were subjected to real-time PCR amplification to prepare a standard curve,and repeatability,accuracy,and specificity were tested.Results Standard curves for both the Sudan and Zaire Ebola virus had a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99 and sensitivity detection was up to 1.0×101 copies,which is higher than that of conventional PCR.Seven control pathogens responsible for disease were not detected.Conclusion A rapid,sensitive,specific,and consistent method of real-time PCR detection was successfully established,laying the foundation for rapid confirmation after an outbreak of Ebola haemorrhagic fever.


The purpose of this study is to determine student perceptions in the process of supervising the implementation of teaching practices in ASEAN countries. The supervision process referred to is the Pattern of supervision and intensity of monitoring. This research is descriptive. The research variables consisted of three variables, namely the design of guidance, a concentration of advice, and time of supervision. The research population is students practicing teaching programs in ASEAN countries from 2017 to 2019, while the research sample is students practicing from mathematics education courses and elementary teacher education. Data collection techniques were done by questionnaire, documentation, and interview—data analysis techniques using qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Qualitative data analysis will describe the categorization of patterns of supervision and intensity, while quantitative data analysis will show the classification of these variables. The results of the study show that students' perceptions of the Pattern of supervision for microteaching in the SEA-Teacher Program are generally good. It is characteristic visible from the importance of the existence and role of the mentor, the scope of supervision aspects was considered comprehensive, the scheduled time structure, and varied supervision methods.


Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of diabetic foot and ulcers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),and provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetic foot.Methods Patients with T2DM were grouped according to whether they had diabetic foot.Every group had 89 cases,and their clinical data were analyzed by retrospective analyses.Results (1)The occurrence of diabetic foot was correlated with age,duration of diabetes,HbA1c,serum albumin,BUN,SCr,TC,history of smoking,CHD,DPN,PAD,DN (P0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of diabetic foot was significantly correlated with age,serum albumin,DPN and DN;while the duration of diabetes,HbA1c,SCr,smoking,CHD,DPV increase the occurence of diabetes foot in the relative risk(OR1),but the difference is not significant.(2)The mixture of ischemic and neuropathic ulcers were most common (76.4%).Predisposing causes of ulcers includes scald,rupture of spontaneous blister,injury of shoes friction,scratch damage,bump.In 58.4% of patients with diabetes foot,only one ulcer was detected,and mainly located at toes or planta.10.11% of these patients were accompanied with gangrene,mainly gangrene of one toe or toes.70.79% of the ulcers were at the wagner stage 1 or 2,and may have better prognosis;while those above 3,may have worse prognosis.Conclusions Age,the level of serum albumin,DPN and DN are independent risk factors of diabetes foot with T2DM.Single,superficial ulcers and the ones with both DPN and PAD are most common.The majority of diabetes foot infections are monomicrobial.The higher wagner stage the patients had,the worse effects the patients would have.Predisposing factors of ulcer are mostly related to inappropriate protection.


Review by Sherry Kinney Library Specialist, Cline Library, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 6022, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA Ryan, Karen-Lee, editor, Trails For The Twenty-First Century. Washington, DC, Island Press, 1993, 213 pp. US$24.95 paper ISBN: 1-55963-238-0. Recycled acid- free paper. Across the nation thousands of miles of former railways, canals, and roadways are being converted into multi-use trails. Through the efforts of the Rails-to-Trails Conservancy, the National Park Service, and hundreds of state and local citizen groups, abandoned transportation corridors are undergoing transformation to become public recreation and transportation pathways. The ultimate goal is the creation of a nationwide network of non-motorized multi-use trails -- local, regional, and national systems -- that will allow walkers, hikers, joggers, people with disabilities, bicyclists, skiers, equestrians, and others to enjoy the natural features and cultural heritage of their environment. The information provided in this work represents the collective experience of hundreds of trail users and managers. Trails For The Twenty-First Century is intended to be a step-by-step resource manual for the planning, design, and management of multi-use trails. It provides guidelines for every part of the process. The authors offer suggestions for the careful consideration of sites, ideas for generation of ample local interest and funding, and strategies for working with individuals and agencies. Specifics of the physical construction of the trail to serve local users' needs is addressed at length. Legal and safety issues are also discussed. The final chapters are devoted to ongoing maintenance and management of the trail after completion. Numerous examples, illustrations, and photographs enhance the text. This manual contains an excellent table of contents and index which facilitate its use. Another aspect of Trails For The Twenty-First Century is an Annotated Resource Directory which provides additional references related to multi-use trail planning, design, and management. Trails For The Twenty-First Century makes a positive literary contribution to the effort of those who wish to recycle transportation corridors for the preservation and enhancement of our environment and our quality of life.


In wireless sensor networks and pervasive environments situations occur where only one path between a source of raw data and a target requiring processed data is available by topology and/or by the network layer. All nodes - source, target, and relay nodes between them - underly energy constraints. The depletion of the energy of any involved node would disable the network. In consequence, a scheme for the distribution of data processing that minimizes local peaks in energy consumption isneeded. This paper introduces solutions for the given problem, where no information about the battery status is available. Furthermore, model modifications to meet more practical situations and the problem of total energy consumption are discussed.


Optical lithography based on microfabrication techniques was employed to fabricate one-dimensional nanogaps with micrometre edge lengths in silicon. These one-dimensional nanogaps served as a platform on which organic/nanoparticle films were assembled. Characterization of the gaps was performed with high-resolution TEM, SEM, and electrical measurements. Novel self-assembling attachment chemistry, based on the interaction of silicon with a diazonium salt, was used to iteratively build a multi-layer nanoparticle film across a 7 nm gap. By using nanoparticles capped with an easily displaced ligand, a variable conductive path was created across the 1D nanogap. Electrical measurements of the gap showed a dramatic change in the I(V) characteristics after assembly of the nanoparticle film.


The flow of liquefied natural gas (LNG) which was coupled between heat transfer and fluid-flow in rib-tube was studied in this paper. Based on theoretical analysis, the model and wall-function were chosen to simulate the flow field of rib-tube, and the multiphase flow was described by the mixture model, in which the dispersed phase was defined by different velocity. In addtion, self-defining functions were used and governing equations were set up to solve the dispersed phase, and the result were compared with the experiment. The process of fluid-flow and heat exchange on rib-tube was simulated, and the contours of temperature, pressure, velocity, gas fraction were obtained, which showed that, the parameters of above changed when the temperature was rising and the LNG evaporating along the rib-tube, and a mixed process existed in the middle of the heat tube.


A supply- and load-modulated RF power amplifier is proposed for applications in which output power control is required. The drain supply is scaled in harmony with the required average output power using a switch-mode power supply (SMPS), while the load is modulated in harmony with the signal's instantaneous envelope, to enhance average efficiency at each output power level. The concept is demonstrated with a 100mW GaAs amplifier operating at 2.35GHz, designed using discrete components. The amplifier is tested using WCDMA and LTE signals. The proposed architecture sustains high efficiency and good linearity over a large dynamic range, while it requires only a single set of control functions.


This study investigated the motivational orientations and involvement in Educational Psychology courses of 246 undergraduate majoring in teaching students at Londrina State University (Brazil). Measures of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation (WPI) and scales for assessment of reported effort, as well as a questionaire regarding demographic and self-perception of achievement data were administred to all the participants. Analyses of Variance and correlational studies revealed significant differences between the measures employed and the demographic variables invetigated. Findings are discussed in terms of their contribuition not only for a deeper understanding of the students motivational patterns, but also for the improvement of Educational Psycology courses for undergraduates teaching students.


A ruthenium complex ligated by the non-innocent protic ligand 2,6-imidizoylpyridine (IPI) in aqueous potassium hydroxide media is shown to be a suitable catalyst for the CF bond activation and subsequent hydrodefluorination (and hydrogenolysis) of a model fluorocarbon. Furthermore, the conversion of CF bonds was enhanced upon increasing the concentration of potassium hydroxide [KOH]. A simple, non-ligated heterogeneous analogue derived from ruthenium(III) trichloride trihydrate dissolved in aqueous potassium hydroxide is shown to be an even more active catalyst, capable of hydrodefluorination of aryl fluorocarbons at room temperature and alkyl fluorocarbons under more forcing conditions.


The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) is in the middle of the development phase and on track for a December, 2001 launch. This exciting mission takes advantage of innovative engineering choices to make groundbreaking science available in a cost-effective way. SIRTF, the fourth of NASA's Great Observations, takes advantage of tremendous advances in infrared sensor technology as well as a high level of observatory efficiency in order to promise a rich scientific legacy. The presentation provides an overview of the SIRTF Project and describes the Cryogenic Telescope, Science Instruments, and Spacecraft. In addition, investigation opportunities for the scientific community are described. A detailed report on the current status and future plans is also provided.


A new kind of NonSubsampled Contourlet Transform (NSCT) based on 9/7wavelet filter banks with rational coefficients is given in this paper. And four kinds of NSCT methods, one of which is this new NSCT, are applied to a new fabric defect detection algorithm respectively. In the algorithm, the fabric defect image is firstly decomposed into different frequency subbands by NSCT. Secondly, both the low frequency subband and the optimal high fequency subbands selected from all high frequency subbands by using a cost function are thresholded. Finally, these thresholded subbands are fused and then binarized in order to separate the defect from the image texture background. The contrast experiment results of four kinds of NSCT methods show that this new NSCT has good performance both in defect detection effect and in algorithm's execution time.


Air pollution can cause many adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. Land use regression (LUR) models are frequently used to describe small-scale spatial variation in air pollution levels based on measurements and geographical predictors. They are particularly suitable in resource limited settings and can help to inform communities, industries, and policy makers. Weekly measurements of NO2 and PM2.5 were performed in three informal areas of the Western Cape in the warm and cold seasons 2015–2016. Seasonal means were calculated using routinely monitored pollution data. Six LUR models were developed (four seasonal and two annual) using a supervised stepwise land-use-regression method. The models were validated using leave-one-out-cross-validation and tested for spatial autocorrelation. Annual measured mean NO2 and PM2.5 were 22.1 μg/m3 and 10.2 μg/m3, respectively. The NO2 models for the warm season, cold season, and overall year explained 62%, 77%, and 76% of the variance (R2). The PM2.5 annual models had lower explanatory power (R2 = 0.36, 0.29, and 0.29). The best predictors for NO2 were traffic related variables (major roads, bus routes). Local sources such as grills and waste burning sites appeared to be good predictors for PM2.5, together with population density. This study demonstrates that land-use-regression modelling for NO2 can be successfully applied to informal peri-urban settlements in South Africa using similar predictor variables to those performed in Europe and North America. Explanatory power for PM2.5 models is lower due to lower spatial variability and the possible impact of local transient sources. The study was able to provide NO2 and PM2.5 seasonal exposure estimates and maps for further health studies.


To speed up the development of financial industry in Hunan is the demand of developing Hunan's economy and constructing the CZX "two-oriented society". At present, financial development in Hunan is slow that is cause of inappropriate financial policy, capital outflows from financial institutions, emergence of hidden financial risks. So, Hunan must develop financial policy, optimize the financial ecological environment, improve organization system and market system of financial industry and promote financial innovation in order to develop financial industry in Hunan.


An abstract of the thesis of Piet 0. Schmidt for the Master of Science in Physics presented July 13, 1995. Title: Origins of Effective Charge of Multivalent Ions at a Membrane/Water Interface and Distribution of 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol in a Membrane


As part of the valence tautomeric system cyclooctatetraene (2) bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-2,4,7-triene (3), the monocyclic polyene (2) reacts as a dienophile with the diazadiene 3,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (1) to form after N2-elimination two products: The 1 : 1-adduct 6, a cycloocta[d]pyridazine, and the tetracyclic bis-Diels-Alder cycloadduct 9. Depending on solvent polarity and temperature, compound 6 displays interesting novel rearrangements. On refluxing in nonpolar solvents like toluene, compound 6 yields the barreleno[d]pyridazine 13 in high yield. Compound 13 can be oxidized with 4-phenyltriazolinedione 14 to the barreleno[d]pyridazine 15. When the more polar nitromethane is used as a solvent, heating of 6 at 90° 2°C surprisingly leads to the dihydrocycloocta[d]pyridazine 18 in a multistep reaction including proton-shift tautomerism and [1, 5]-sigmatropic rearrangement. The structures of the compounds 15 and 18 were assigned by the spectral data and verified by X-ray crystallography.


A field experiment was conducted to determine the response of a newly released cassava variety (TMS 98/0510) in Nigeria to three sources of organic manure (poultry waste, pig dung and goat dung at 10 t/ha), two levels inorganic fertilizer (N:P:K 15:15:15 at 200 and 400 kg/ha) and a control treatment. The six treatments were compared in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on yields and yield related agronomic and morphological traits. Data were also collected on soil nutrient content at planting and the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the leaf stem and roots. The results showed that the soil used in this experiment was low in organic matter and other nutrients except available P. Inorganic and organic fertilizers significantly increased leaf area, however yield and growth related traits like plant height, number of leaves, stem yield, tuber girth, number of roots and harvest index were not significantly different among the treatments. Contrary to expectations manure and fertilizer treatments did not increase fresh root yield in this cassava variety. They did not also influence the content of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in the stem, leaf and root. This response suggests that cassava varieties bred for farmers' conditions in Nigeria, which are inherently low in soil nutrients, may not respond to additional nutrient input. Breeders should therefore select cassava for dual adaptation to low and high nutrient levels in the soil to meet the needs of a wider spectrum of farmers and to justify government and extension support for the use of input by farmers in Nigeria.


The administrative problems of the present Welfare State have come into focus in recent research. The basic question being raised is whether an elected government can control the bureaucracies that handle the social programmes, i.e., whether the intentions of the parliamentary majority really can be translated into action when they reach the point of administrative implementation. The central subject of this study is the legendary architect of the Swedish Welfare State, Gustav Moller, who was Minister of Social Affairs 1924-26 and 1932-51. It is argued that many of the problems highlighted in present theories of public administration were already apparent to Moller. As the minister responsible for the administrative construction of the Swedish Welfare State, he developed several strategies to cope with the problems of bureaucracy. Having lost the battle over the Social Democratic party leadership in 1946, Gustav Moller left the government in 1951. Subsequently many of his original anti-bureaucratic administrative strategies were reversed.


Power-supply is one of the bottlenecks that restrict the extensive application and further development of energy self-supplying robots.Based on the present investigation of the conventional energy-packets and power-supply systems, the principle, the energy-releasing way and the advantages of monopropellant powered engines(MPEs), which are dramatically different from the convectional I.C.engines are discussed.The typical working-ability parameters such as the fuel heating values, the expansion coefficient, the adiabatic decomposition temperature as well as the energy density are analyzed by taking high test hydrogen peroxide(HTP) as an example.The research projects and the achievements of the developing MPEs for self-powered robots are described and summarized;the key problems to develop a MPE with the tentative research are presented.It could be concluded that the MPEs are promising and worth researching deeply as power source for energy self-supplying robots.


We present a unified approach to describing and linking several methods for representing categorical data in a contingency table. These methods include: correspondence analysis, Hellinger distance analysis, the log-ratio alternative, which is appropriate for compositional data, and the non-symmetrical correspondence analysis. We also present two solutions working with cummulative frequencies.


Background: Zea mays is used in Ibibio traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of various ailments such as pains, malaria and hemorrhoids. Objective: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Zea mays ethanol root root extract in mice. Methodology: The crude ethanolic extract (45 – 135 mg/kg) of Zea mays root was investigated for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in mice using various experimental models; acetic acid and thermal- induced pains and carrageenan, egg albumin and xylene – induced oedema. The activity of the extract was compared to that of standard drug, acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg). Results: The extract caused a significant (p<0.05 – 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of inflammation and pains induced by different phlogistic agents used. These effects were comparable to that of the standard drugs, acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg) used in some models. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of this plant may in part be mediated through the chemical constituents of the plant and the results of the analgesic action suggest central and peripheral mechanisms. The findings of this work confirm the ethno medical use of this plant to treat inflammatory conditions. Key words : Zea mays, antiinflammatory, analgesic


Radio frequency interference (RFI) is increasingly affecting radio astronomy research. A few years ago, active research to investigate the possibility of observing in the presence of interference using RFI mitigation techniques was initiated. This paper presents techniques to suppress interference due to TV transmission. A combination of noise-free modeling of the TV signals and adaptive filtering is used for suppressing the interference. The measured lower limit on RFI rejection using this technique on TV synchronization signal is about 12 dB. We also present a simple, but interesting, technique to suppress double sideband amplitude modulated interference.


The theoretical insights of Mikhail Bakhtin offer the rhetorical critic of demonstrations and the social movements they are often a part of a useful analytical tool. Bakhtin's focus on polyphony, particularly the type he termed "passive varidirectional" in his study of Dostoevsky, dovetails with his exploration of the "carnivalesque" as a popular culture and literary mode to offer a subversive rhetoric intended to undermine hegemony. Extant studies of Bakhtin by rhetoricians have bogged down in trying to make sense of his "messy" canon and, perhaps as a result, inadequately understood this subversive rhetoric. After offering an overall reading of Bakhtin and a sense of how the concept of "carnivalesque" has been used by critics, this essay will enrich that concept by applying it to the events of 2020 and 2021 and arguing that, to grasp the critical tool Bakhtin has offered critics, one must recognize (1) its political neutrality, (2) the possible varieties of "carnivalesque," (3) the place of violence in the "carnivalesque," and (4) the new and subtle ways the body plays a rhetorical role in it. The events of 2020–2021 enable the critic to acquire a more nuanced understanding of Bakhtin's rhetorical insights.


Aquatic ecosystems are under pressure due to human activity. In the summer of 2022, the Odra River (Central Europe) suffered a massive death of fish and mollusks. This paper aims to show selected water quality parameters before and during the ecological disaster and find which parameters may have been crucial to the development of this disaster. We used the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman's correlation to check the water parameters' spatial and temporal diversification. In addition, non-metric multidimensional scaling was performed. The water quality parameters of the Odra system were analyzed in sections: middle Odra, lower Odra, transitional waters, and Szczecin Lagoon. Human activity has led to the formation of a system with unusual characteristics, disturbing the river's natural continuum and related processes. The year 2022 in the middle Odra differed from the previous years in having a high water temperature (>24 °C), high ammonium concentrations (>4 mg/L), and relatively low nitrate concentrations (<6.5 mg/L). At the same time, salt pollution in the river was very high (maximum 1.4 g/L). In June and July 2022, we observed low chlorophyll a concentrations in the middle Odra (on average 2.3 µg/L and 4.4 µg/L, respectively), presumably due to salinity stress and high temperatures, suppressing freshwater phytoplankton taxa. This circumstance has created the appropriate conditions for developing euryhaline and thermophilic Prymnesium parvum. Because of decaying organisms, hypoxia occurred in the lower Odra (0.26 mg/L of dissolved oxygen in surface waters), and oxygen conditions worsened in the transitional waters (<4 mg/L). The zonal deaths of fish and mollusks result from multiple stressors induced by human activity. This disaster has proven that it is necessary to improve selected water quality parameters to reduce the risk of such disasters. The most urgent recommendations are to reduce the salt pollution of the upper section of the Odra, reduce nutrient inputs, and improve the condition of smaller rivers feeding the main course of the Odra.


The vehicle routing problem consists of determining a set of routes for a fleet of vehicles to meet the demands of a given set of customers. The development and improvement of techniques for finding better solutions to this optimization problem have attracted considerable interest since such techniques can yield significant savings in transportation costs. The heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem is distinguished by the consideration of a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, which is a very common scenario in real-world applications, rather than a homogeneous one. Hybrid versions of metaheuristics that incorporate data mining techniques have been applied to solve various optimization problems, with promising results. In this paper, we propose hybrid versions of a multi-start heuristic for the heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem based on the Iterated Local Search metaheuristic through the incorporation of data mining techniques. The results obtained in computational experiments show that the proposed hybrid heuristics demonstrate superior performance compared with the original heuristic, reaching better average solution costs with shorter run times.


Under asymmetric information,firstly this paper analyzes following five venture capital exit vehicles initial public offer(IPO) exit、merger or acquisition exit、secondary sale exit、shares buyback or private purchase exit and bankruptcy liquidation exit.Based on the analysis,the paper discusses the best choice of full and partial venture capital in different cases.


The management of CPC members in social community is an important component of the construction of CPC organization in community.In the process of urbanization in Yulin city,the number of CPC members in community is getting larger,which leads to a series of problems making it more difficult to manage these members.According to this article,the above problems can be solved and better management can be achieved by means of classifying these CPC members,innovating study method and setting up proper working system in community.


This research aims to develop a Funny SKL teaching methodology and peer-to-peer tutorials with psychological factors as the target. It is undeniable that the average value acquisition in a madrasah is still one of the parameters to be said to be a superior madrasah in the academic field. Teachers in MTs Negeri 10 Sleman have fulfilled the standards and in accordance with his educational background. The challenges faced by teachers to achieve a high national exam score are still weak to the motivation of the students. Madrasah seeks to develop learning methods to eliminate the barriers that exist in the students. MTs Negeri 10 Sleman has developed two methods of learning; First, Funny (SKL) Competency standards graduates, namely SKL focusing methods applied with the Capita selecta problem, both development of learning methods with peer tutorials. The development of this learning method is the same as the development of Madrasah culture, which is the formation of a character madrasah, Madrasah competence and Madrasah literation. The development of this learning method can result in an increase in the average acquisition of the national exam scores of the year 2016/2017 lesson years 2018/2019 as many as 3.6 points, and above the national average value.


Objective To discuss the morbidity and risk factors of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis of elderly patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease.Methods To carry out bilateral selective renal angiography on 246 elderly patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension when they are diagnosed coronary heart disease by coronary angiography.Results The incident of renal artery stenosis is 28.9 percent;the incident of renal artery stenosis of the group both with hypertension and coronary heart disease is 33 percent;the incident of renal artery stenosis of the group only with hypertension is 7.3 percent;hyperlipemia,the formation of the carotid artery plaque,serious coronary lesions and smoking are the independent risk factors in multi-factor regression analysis.Conclusion Elderly patients with coronary heart disease should regularly undergo selective renal angiography.


This paper presents an auto‐landing controller for glide‐slope tracking and the flare maneuver via adaptive backstepping design and describes a flight path command generator for indirect altitude control in order to provide precise altitude trajectories for auto‐landing of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Using the adaptive backstepping procedure to synthesize a glide‐slope tracking and flare maneuver control law is being used differently from designing the guidance and control loops separately in autopilot. An adaptive controller is proposed to control aircraft from glide‐slope to flare by following the flight path angle command for indirect altitude control via elevator and maintaining the constant airspeed control via throttle. Simulation results demonstrate that the adaptive auto‐landing controller is capable of effectively guiding the UAV along the flight path angle command under the presence of the wind turbulence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, amides, amino acids, proteins, and alkaloids were determined in plants under all treatments as previously described. At low nitrogen supply, belladonna synthesized alkaloids preferentially over protein. At high levels more protein and soluble nitrogenous compounds accumulated in tissue while the alkaloid level was relatively low. There appeared to be no direct relation between alkaloid and protein. γ-Aminobutyric acid may be a precursor to the belladonna alkaloids based on amounts of each present.


Objective To conclude and analyze the clinical effect of Qijiaoshengbai capsule used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism with leucopenia.Method 100 cases of patients with hyperthyroidism with leucopenia were randomly divided into experimental group and control group,each group was 50 cases,the experimental group was treated the qijiaoshengbai capsule,the control group was treated oral leucoxene 20 mg,vitamin B4 20mg,the two groups of patients were treatment 2 treatment,each treatment 2 weeks,weekly check 1 time routine blood.Result The number of white blood cell in experimental group patients was elevated obviously,powerfully ratio is high,the curative effect is obviously superior to the control group,and stable effect,no side effects,can make the patients successfully completed ant thyroid drug therapy.Conclusion Qijiaoshengbai capsule treat on hyperthyroidism patients of leucopenia was fine enough,and can be used widely.


The reaction of iV-methylpyridinium iodide, Mepy+I", and tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) forms [Mepy]2[TCNE]2, which possesses [TCNE]22_ with an intradimer C-C bond distance of 2.806(1) A at 50 K from X-ray diffraction, and 2.801(4) A at 50 K from neutron diffraction. In the IR it exhibits absorptions at 2191, 2174, 2169, 2163 and a vCc absorption at 1366 cm"1, with UV/Vis absorption bands at 26,880 and 18,520 cm "1. Analysis of the cation-hydrogen to [TCNE]22_ interactions do not provide evidence that the cation stabilizes formation of the [TCNE]22_ dimer, which is stabilized by the intradimer 2e^-4 center C -C bonding interaction.


Summary Information on soil microorganisms and their activity used to determine microbiological characteristics are very important for soil quality and productivity. Studies of enzyme activities provide information on the biochemical processes occurring in soil. Th ere is growing evidence that soil biological parameters may be potential and sensitive indicators of soil ecological conditions and soil management. Soil microbiological parameters may be evaluated statistically due to application of geostatistical methods to soil science. Measurement of soil dehydrogenase activity (DHA) has been used to establish indices of soil microbiological activity. Th e objective of this study was to assess the spatial variability of the DHA using the geostatistics in the topsoils of an urban area. DHA along a transect in an urban area was determined using 39 soil samples from the upper 20 cm of soil varied from 10.7-258.4 μg TPF g-1 soil respectively. Th e spherical model fi ts the best semivariogram model for DHA and exhibited spatial dependence with range of infl uence of approximately 48.2 km.


The Iranian revolution is highly conlroversia! in terms of hoth iıs causes and iıs results. Perhaps the causes of the revoluıion are similar lO ıhose of other revolutions, huı the results are very different. The Iranian revolution did not end up formulating any modern political system. But it did spawn a new ideology and political structure. The authenticity of the Iranian revolution sternmed from Iranian cu/turc and lmnian social structures. The Iranian revolution was a strike against the Shah's authoritarian regime. Political and social consequences were more effeetive in the revolution than any other economic force or elass struggle.


narrow tracheal lung, and in these species too the alveolar part of the right lung has well developed. In the other species the tracheal lung has strongly developed, and forms the main respiratory area; the alveolar structure of the In all snakes, the Boidae and Xenopeltidae excepted, only the right lung is well developed, while the left lung is rudimentary or absent (BUTLER, 1895). The right lung consists of an anterior alveolar part that is strongly vascularized, and of a posterior smooth-walled air-sac that is anangious. Between these two


Human rights also grant people the opportunity to an impartial and fair trial. Everyone is entitled to move to court, where their impartial decisions are made. The court can be trusted to provide them with justice even when everything else is in vain. The most important thing is that humans have been freed from all types of slavery. No one can force another individual to work as an enslaved person. Furthermore, humans are allowed to express and speak their views. It is essential to the well-being of humans. In the modern world, they are constantly violated, and we have to work together to confront this problem. Both the government and the citizens need to make efforts to safeguard each other's rights and progress to improve the world. That's right, and this will guarantee prosperity and happiness throughout the globe.


Printed on paper sourced from responsibly managed forests. The author, publisher, Defra and NNFCC accept no responsibility, nor liability, in any manner whatsoever for any error or omission, nor any loss, damage, injury, or adverse outcome of any kind incurred as a result of the use of the information contained in this book or reliance upon it. Readers are advised to seek specific professional advice relating to their particular construction project and circumstances before embarking on any building work. Reasonable care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information in the book at the time of printing. Drawings and technical details are indicative and typical only and final detailing for any project remains the responsibility of the designer. Please note that some of the work practices shown in the photographs in this book may not comply with current Health and Safety Regulations. contents v list of illustrAtions vii foreWorD ix ABout tHe nAtionAl non-fooD crops centre (nnfcc) x AcknoWleDgements xi 1 introDuction 1 1.1 What are zero-carbon buildings? 1 1.2 Searching for alternatives 1 1.3 UK government policy 2 1.4 History of hemp building 4 1.5 An outline of hemp lime construction 4 1.6 Methodology of the study 5 1.7 Performance of hemp lime 5 1.8 Supply of hemp materials for construction 6 1.9 Glossary of terms 7


Incidents involving uncontrolled chemical reactions continue to result in injuries, fatalities, and economic loss and harm in industry. These incidents are often the result of not identifying or understanding the chemical reactivity hazards involved in storage, mixing, or processing operations. The chemical reactivity evaluation tool (RMT) and the Help Guide that accompanies it can be used as an aid in identifying and evaluating chemical reactivity hazards so that they may be effectively avoided or controlled. This paper will describe the RMT and demonstrate its use in identifying reactivity hazards in chemical storage, handling, and processing operations. The RMT and Help Guide are available as a free download from AIChE (www.aiche.org) and search "RMR." © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012


The article regards the principles of structuring the content of education in the field of Physics and looks for its efficient assimilation. The methodological base of the article is the theory of fundamental nature and content summary. Such an approach allows comprehending the reality as a whole, a unity which links together all the perceived fragments into a system.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method for detection of a specific object region in an image, which comprises: Extraction Step: extracting common object features from the image, and detecting the extracted common object features by a detector which is obtained via sample training and corresponds to verification attributes so as to obtain candidate frames of a specific object in compliance with the verification attributes in the image; and Verification Step: verifying all the obtained candidate frames to judge whether the candidate frames contain the specific object or not according to the verification attributes and special features of the specific object, wherein the candidate frame containing the specific object is judged to be a specific object region. The embodiment of the invention also correspondingly provides a device for detection of the specific object region in the image.


Rectangular vs. cylindrical finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic modeling is discussed, and characteristic tests and comparisons are presented depending on the analytical and numerical analysis of ring type circular resonators. A ring resonator is modeled with both rectangular-and cylindrical-FDTD packages which are also calibrated against analytical exact solution derived in terms of cylindrical Bessel functions. Applications of the periodic boundary condition in modeling circular (rectangular) structure via rectangular (circular) FDTD is also given.


Various methods of assessing peripheral vascular disease are studied by making measurements both on dogs, and patients with arterial disease. Theoretical and experimental models of blood flow in diseased arteries are reviewed. A new type of experimental inter-changeable stenosis is described; and the flow, pressure and Doppler ultrasound results from a number of dog experiments using the device are presented. The relationship between the pressure drop across a stenosis and the flow through it in-vivo is shown to differ from previously reported in-vitro values. The severity of a stenosis is shown to have little effect on peripheral resistance, and attention is drawn to the lack of concrete evidence in the literature suggesting that it does. A possible explanation for this finding is given. It is suggested that ultrasonic Doppler traces are influenced by the distal bed as well as by proximal stenoses. Experimental Doppler spectra are compared with spectra calculated from electromagnetic flow waveforms and found to be in good agreement. Measurements from over 150 vascular patients are presented, and the difficulty of determining the validity of these measurements discussed. The indirect pressure measurement method of assessing vascular disease is examined and shown to be of limited value. It is shown that an inflatable cuff can substantially alter the pressure distribution within an artery, and the possibility of worsening disease being reflected by a higher occlusive cuff pressure is introduced. It is shown that both Doppler ultrasonic velocity measurements and direct


In response to a request from the U.S. Park Police (SIC-9221), Washington, D.C., a study was undertaken of possible hazardous exposures to lead (7439921) at a new indoor firing range. Air sampling revealed that for students using the range during training, the 8 hour time weighted average (TWA) exposures ranged from 4.4 micrograms/cubic meter (microg/cu m) to 116.4 microg/cu m of airborne lead, with a mean of 32.5 microg/cu m. For range officers, the TWA exposures ranged from 0.15 to 52.6 microg/cu m, mean 16.1 microg/cu m. Area samples ranged from 0.15 to 2291.1 microg/cu m. During qualification shooting, the 8 hour TWA exposures for students ranged from 1.0 to 103.8 microg/cu m, with a mean of 26.3 microg/cu m. For range officers, the 8 hour TWA exposures ranged from 9.7 to 39.8 microg/cu m, mean 18.0 microg/cu m. A smoke machine was used to visualize the air patterns in the firing range. It was found that contaminated air could be pulled from downrange to behind the shooting line. The authors conclude that overexposure to lead occurred during use of the firing range, due to deficiencies in the range ventilation system. The authors recommend specific measures to lessen the hazardousmore » exposures.« less


From independence, size and composition of bovines in Tamil Nadu showed differential growth pattern. The total bovine population showed an increasing trend up to the early-Sixties and thereafter stagnant till the early Eighties. While the milch animal stock increased steadily, the work animals showed a declining trend from seventies. These trends not only indicate the growing importance of dairy animals but also the competitive linkage between work and milch animal population. The work animal stock is highly influenced by the agro-climatic, institutional and economic factors and an analysis of capturing them is attempted in this paper. Initially, the changes in the size and composition of bovines, work animal population and its density since independence are traced. Subsequently, the factors determining work animal population and its density are examined using regression models. Two regression analyses are made, one representing phase I (1956-1974) and the other for phase II (1977-1994). Phase I basically represents the period when mechanisation in agriculture had been at the early stages and phase II represents the period when mechanization (both energisation of irrigation and tractorisation) was at a relatively higher level. The study revealed that while the agro-climatic and irrigation factors had played a major role in shaping the work animal density during the period prior to mid-Seventies, the technological, economic and institutional factors played a major role in recent years.


Combined Model of ARIMA and RBF Neural Network Wang Yuqiong School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing100044,China firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: In this paper, a combined model of ARIMA and RBF neural network is proposed by combined the good linear fit ability of ARIMA and the strong dynamic nonlinear mapping ability of RBF neural network. The velocity of microwave is predicted in real time with the consideration of the temporal characteristics of traffic flow by the models.The results indicate that the Mean Absolute Percentage Error of combined model is lower, and the goodness of fit of combined model is higher.


The literature review shows the relevance of studying cellular technologies for their use in outpatient and clinical settings, taking into account changes in the scientific paradigm. The imperfection of legislative regulation that impedes widespread implementation in practice is determined. The review gives a characteristic of stem cells their undifferentiated status, subsequently the ability to differentiate into specialized tissue cells. The study determined the possibility of obtaining stem cells from menstrual blood based on the detection of stem cells in the endometrium, which contains the endometrial mucous layer related to highly regenerating tissues. The separation of the endometrium into the upper (functional) and lower (basal, producing progenitor cells) zones producing mesenchymal stem cells with different morphological structures is prescribed. The authors described patents characterizing the sources and various methods for producing endometrial cells for both outpatient and inpatient use. In the study, data on the expression of various pluripotent markers were obtained. The expression of markers CD166, CD49f, MHC I, and moderate expression of CXCR4, responsible for stem cell homing were detected. There was a negative reaction to the MHC II and LIN markers. The studied ВЕСТНИК НОВЫХ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ. Электронное издание – 2020 – N 2 JOURNAL OF NEW MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES, eEdition – 2020 – N 2 menstrual cells differentiated into cell lines: mesodermal adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes, cardiomyocytes; ectodermal oligodendroglia, astrocytes. The features of menstrual cells were: a high proliferation index in comparison with control lines of cord blood mesenchymal stem cells; lack of expression ability of the MSC marker STRO-1; ability to express the ESC marker Oct-4; high expression of matrix metalloproteases. With the improvement of legislative support for clinical application, cell technologies can provide a quantum leap in the treatment and prevention of diseases, as well as in recovery processes and in sports.


Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in Papua and also as an agent against malignant diseases empirically. To elucidate the detailed mechanisms producing such an activity, the characterization and determination of the molecular mechanisms of its antitumor effects were conducted. The inhibitory activities against cervical cancer cell proliferation and the expression levels of corresponding molecules were investigated using human cervical cancer cells treated with the ethyl acetate fraction of red fruit extract (EtOAc RF). The EtOAc RF possessed strong anti-proliferation activities against HeLa and CaSki cells. Furthermore, Original Research Article Achadiyani et al.; EJMP, 13(2): 1-9, 2016; Article no.EJMP.24492 2 the down regulation of the expression of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR in the cells was induced shortly after treatment with the fraction, followed by the activation of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, p53 serine 46 and PARP along with the suppression of the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and Akt–mTOR, leading to apoptotic cell death. Taken together, these results suggest that red fruit extract could be a promising agent against cervical cancer cells.


prinipal prely, medisal remedial measures which I ive e ew 'm6relfnllydes6iibed, and the utility of which, in many7ases, of uterine fibro;mynmita,` have been proved by cllinical experience., The, mnost prominent symptomnOf fibronata especially if sbmini ,ui' and occurring befoe` the menopause, being uteriie` *himfi!hage, the arrest of tli,s must be' a primary object of treatment. For this. purpose, the patient should bd' kept at perfect rest from tie 'inme when the recurrence -of the hsemo6rhage is expected until the -itenstrual period has completely passed over. In the way of medicine sulphuric acid, with liquor ergote or Dover's powder and gallic acid, nmIy' be given) or hazeline may be tried. n any' serious. cai of fhierorrhage thus:t caused,m bhevewe it will be better 'at' once to resort to the only reliable stypti6 rewedy for such cases, namely the free hypodermic use of either ergotine, or, prefeably, of the ordinary liquor ergoti.' During the past eight years I have employed either 'liquor er,wgot,or ergotire;in'thii wayin nearly everycase of thistkind' treated miy y'gneologieal wards, and ,I have no hesitation insWing' thatwetmay geterally thus control any hoemorrhAge caised by uterine *fibraomyoma. Morbbver,;'by' the coltinued employmeat .iof these hypodgrnticiinjections in some instanices,. sueh: anarkd diminution in' the sie 0 /'the tumour may be 'occasione as to 'rnder further treat-; menri unnetessary. 'AnAmognt the means by whilch the congestive hypertophy or general lareolar hyperplasia of the uteruss always attenitng the developneht of fibro-myomas, may be liminished, and thtts' the conseqcuent 'h& orhage be lessened, none er s0 iinvariably 'beneficial as .the' persistent and judicious use; of hot watetIterine irrigations or injectios. For this purpose, the eervital ctaal tust be prieously dilated, -and the irrigation-periktenltly' loytda y ot bnly at tegular intervals, but also for a lengthened eprioa an seth occasion. -Our second therapeutiS ai' ib isuch-cass, should be to stimulate the aotyvity oi tihe locala4e#nts, s as; If psslble, to nduce 'the 'diiAnutin bf.the tutioui Foremnost amongst the. veinedies *aVilab16 fothis areiodide qf 'ptassium smat doses' Of tincture-of iodine.Chodride of calcium ur tie old' solutibn "of the hydochlorate of lime of the Dublin Pharmaceo'k, has again come into favour in such cases, and ptobably acts by itduciti a'certAin amount of caleification, and conseqtiently diminished vitality in neoplasm. By farthe most useful, 'hOwtver, of all drugs in suich cases, is iodide 'of potassium, given in 'as large doses and fbr is, ong a period as it can be saelly 'administered. I have had 'so many proofs of the diminution in size thus caused in large myomata, in ptdientts of etherwike robut'i constitutian, that I can only account: fdr its failtre in te hands of other practitioners from its injudicious admiinistration it persons of broken-down constitation, or in cases otherwis6 unsuitable. Lastly, I may again here observe that, in cases of iiteine myomata in which, fot, any: remon, 'operative interference is lnot available,' we mnay possibly succeed ih &rresting the development of the disease by setiding our patieAt to 'a suitabl iddated or bromated spa, such as Kreuzn6eh, or by the conjoint internal Wdministratioi and' external use of this water. As this 'paper hat reached a greater length than was intended, any further reference to the manifold correlations of constitutional and topical treatment in'other-sedlogibal'domplaintS must be here bfiiitted. 'I may,'howev6eu; add that If. in the course f the regoing obserations, I may hae seemd 'toilay undue stress on cbnstitutional mdasures in the management of 'vairous diseases' peculiai* to Women, this is mierely because' th6 valu6if' Audi Temnedies is too generally ignoted, the possible utility 'of'Onstitutonaltreatientbeing now ilmost crowded ototf notice by the attention given to mechanical ekpedi6ets'for the correction of fleion, or displaceendts, oi other' more reet'bfrms of 'local utterine the6apentic. Therefr6e, vhilst the importAnce of each of these, In 'all appropriate cas*t Is manifest and iuhquntiohdble, I may, in conclusion, again vJbtitrtto point out that those gynbecologistS who, in cb tinction'yith, whateverloal meaSures nsy be 'found neVessary i; the' tecial as with Which they have tb deal, also at the sune :ime 'most' fully n-svil ,thems1el-S'aof the re. hoiices of, otistitutional tteatment which I hve 'al*idy indicated, will, generallo , bbest. Scceeed in curing their patients--dto, ute, e ftucerde.


Climate change is deeply impacting the food chain production, lowering quality and yield. In this context, the international scientific community has dedicated many efforts to enhancing resilience and sustainability in agriculture. Italy is among the main European producers of several fruit trees; therefore, national research centers and universities undertook several initiatives to maintain the specificity of the 'Made in Italy' label. Despite their importance, fruit crops are suffering from difficulties associated with the conventional breeding approaches, especially in terms of financial commitment, land resources availability, and long generation times. The 'new genomic techniques' (NGTs), renamed in Italy as 'technologies for assisted evolution' (TEAs), reduce the time required to obtain genetically improved cultivars while precisely targeting specific DNA sequences. This review aims to illustrate the role of the Italian scientific community in the use of NGTs, with a specific focus on Citrus, grapevine, apple, pear, chestnut, strawberry, peach, and kiwifruit. For each crop, the key genes and traits on which the scientific community is working, as well as the technological improvements and advancements on the regeneration of local varieties, are presented. Lastly, a focus is placed on the legal aspects in the European and in Italian contexts.


Not any element describes the cultural identity better the Netherlands better than water. Who takes a look at the maps of Netherland spread through the centuries, realizes how structuring the water is for the Delta. The Dutch don't panic when there is a large storm flood or when the riverbanks are flooded again. They deal with the water ingenious and with a lot of knowledge, if they want to control, stop or guide. They use it in their advantage, at sea or in the harbour, which is the link between the maritime world and the economy of the hinterland. They enjoy the beauty of the water and can enjoy it intensely by swimming, sailing and even ice-skating. The knowledge and technology that the Dutch use for centuries in dealing with water, are a source of amazement for the rest of the world. With the changing climate –if this is temporarily or structural, if it is created by mankind or is caused by a natural cyclus- the water urges for action. It rains more and heavier, the rivers are overflowing and not least of all the sea level rises. Again all eyes are focused on the Dutch; how are they going to deal with this? And what can the rest of the world learn from this? Nationwide there is a shift in dealing with water, water is no longer seen as the enemy. It is no longer kept out, but more and more plans show that water is treated as a friend. Polders are allowed to flood, dams are opened, living areas are build in and on the water, dikes and dunes are combined, rivers are widened. Engineers and designers learn to speak each others language and the creativity in relation to water gets a new impulse. The graduation project 'People watch, let Nature build' deals with a solution on the sweet water reserve of the Netherlands, by using natural forces in combination with civil engineering works.


Adhesives are currently very often designed specifically for bonded façade systems. The potential of bonded joints should be studied and described in more detail and verified through experimental measurements. Presented results are therefore focused test methods intended for vented wooden façade systems with bonded joints. For the purpose of tests two types of silyl modified polymer adhesives intended for structural bonding were selected, however, only one of them is recommended for façade systems. The spruce profiles and three types of façade cladding (i.e. Cement-bonded particleboard Cetris, Siberian larch and Wooden Plastic Composite WPC) represent the structure of vented façade. The focus was on experimental verification thus all test procedures are following relevant European technical standards. The adhesive bonds were tested in adhesion of the surface finish to the substructure as well as in tensile lap shear at a temperature of (20.0 ± 3) °C and a relative humidity of (55.0 ± 10) %. The performed tests showed the equivalence of the bonded joint system for ventilated facades in comparison with mechanical joints. During the tests appeared differences in stability and failure behaviour between the adhesive systems as well as within the sheeting material. Another conclusion arising from the series of tests is the fact that the use of a wooden substructure for ventilated facades is not a limiting element for the whole system and is a more financially viable option in comparison with an aluminum or steel substructure. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the 7th Scientific-Technical Conference Material Problems in Civil Engineering.


Hirota bilinear form and multisoliton solution for semidiscrete and fully discrete (difference-difference) versions of supersymmetric KdV equation found by Xue, Levi and Liu [1] is presented. The solitonic interaction term displays a fermionic dressing factor as in the continuous supersymmetric case. Using bilinear equations it is shown also that there can be constructed a new integrable semidiscrete (and fully discrete) version of supersymmetric KdV which has simpler bilinear form but more complicated interaction dressing. Its continuum limit is also computed.


Recently, roles of ecological processes such as learning and niche construction in evolution are attracting much attention in evolutionary studies. However, various interactions among ecological processes, including these two, are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to clarify self-organizing properties of coevolution between learning and niche construction. We construct a minimal evolutionary model in which individuals can both perform learning and niche construction. We found that there was a clear scale-free property in the distribution of the size of environmental changes. It was also shown that these changes were caused by the increased generic variation of niche-constructing genes, followed by the increase in the phenotypic plasticity. The analyses of effects of ecological inheritance showed that it decreased the speed and size of environmental changes, while maintaining the scale-free property of the whole dynamics.


Metallogenic specialization is part of a worldwide differentiation of terrestrial substance. This process is closely connected with magmatic processes. Four types of magmatic specialization are outlined. They are characterized by the regional features of mineralization, evolution of mineral composition of ore, selective dispersion or concentration of ore-forming elements during the crystallization of rocks, and the mobilization of ore-forming substance by the postmagmatic solutions. — E. A. Alexandrov.


Oligonychus ilicis (McGregor, 1917) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is considered one of the main phytophagous mites of coffee plants (Coffea spp.). Although not considered as principal, it was already referred as the second in importance for the Conillon coffee plant, Coffea canephora Pierre & Froehn er. It is commonly in equilibrium, probably due to the presence of natural enemies, among them predatory mites belonging to the Phytoseiidae family. This work had as objectives to evaluate the O. ilicis population dynamics through the months of the year, the phytoseiids associated, and the spatial distribution of those mites in coffee plants. Studies were carried in a 1.3 ha coffee field located at EPAMIG, Lavras, Minas Gerais. Biweekly, ten leaves of superior, medium and inferior thirds (five leaves from each plant side) were randomly sampled from ten plants. The appraised leaves were removed from the third or fourth pair from the branch extremity. O. ilicis occurred along the whole period, being found in larger number of eggs than post-embryonic phases. Number of eggs in the medium and inferior parts of the plants was bigger than in the superior part. The periods of larger occurrence of O. ilicis coincided with the low pluvial precipitation time. Five species of predatory mites were found: Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, 1972, Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant, 1959), Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma, 1970, Euseius concordis (Chant, 1959) and Euseius alatus DeLeon, 1966. The most abundant species was I. zuluagai, representing 72.4% of the phytoseiids collected and occurring during all the studied period.


This paper addresses practical approaches and models, based on the paradigm of the 'interpretivist school', to operationalise research in information systems. The study overviews research paradigms and some current issues in IS research, then describes, discusses and illustrates three approaches, namely, development research, action research, and grounded theory, advocating them as proposed pillars for interpretive IS research. With the present emphasis on user-centricity and empowerment of previously technologically-disenfranchised domains, inquiry processes emanating from the social sciences and humanities are relevant to IS, particularly with relation to interactive systems to bridge the digital divide and for the design and development of emerging technology. Each of the approaches suggested has an underlying theoretical framework and reflective methods, and can serve as a model to guide the research process, offering a unifying thread, cohesion and internal consistency to a research study.


This research investigated nonhunting-hikers' response to social interactions with hunters in outdoor recreation settings. Hikers were presented with a hypothetical scenario describing a social interaction with hunters. Social value conflict and psychological stress/coping theories were used to hypothesize and test a structural equation model. Fifty-two percent of the sample (n = 388) indicated that the social interaction would be stressful. Hikers appraised the social situation as controllable. The coping response combined emotion and problem-focused coping. This plan included confronting the hunters, expressing personal values, and attempting to dissuade the hunters from continuing to use the area as a hunting ground. Hikers followed perceived rules of etiquette for social interactions and tried not to damage opportunities to continue using the area. Coping responses were consistent with previous models in recreation and psychology. Results are discussed in light of previous research to foster theoretical development. This research was supported in part by funds provided by the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dr. Alan Watson is specifically acknowledged for support of this study. Remainder of research supported by Clemson University through Public Services Activities (research) funds.


It sets forth the effectivity of air pulse Bag type dust collecting technology towards boiler dust collecting consistence, which was developed by American Aeropulse associated company. It states this technology from performance aspect, compares with electrostatic precipitator's data on coal fired power plant dust removal efficiency and price etc, and discusses the long term potential of this technology.


It was analyzed the business functional requirements of Hohhot Railway Administration's freight transportations integrated information services,introduced the design thinking,overall structure of Freight Transportation Integrated Information Service System,designed the system function from the telephone voice service,the short note service,the freight transportation marketing.Finally,it was briefly described the economic and social benefits which was produced by the System.


【Objective】To study the clinical manifestation and the efficiency of treatment of condyloma acuminatum in female with and without pregnancy.【Methods】Retrospective analysis of 48 pregnant women with condyloma acuminatum (observing group) and 48 non-pregnant women with condyloma acuminatum (control group) was made.【Results】The distribution of condyloma acuminatum of observing group was more diffuse than that of control group (p0.05).The efficiency of the first treatment with laser in the observing group with stoppage of pregnancy was higher than that without stoppage(P0.05).The efficiency of the first treatment with laser had no significant difference between stoppage of pregnancy and control group (P0.05).The malformed newborn was not found.【Conclusion】Pregnance with condyloma acuminatum has characters of large verruca and wide distribution. It is diffcult to cure the condyloma acuminatun in pregnancy trimesters,stoppage of pregnancy can improve the efficiency of treatment. The condyloma acuminatum has no significant effect on outcome of pregnancy and conditions of neonates.


Government carbon policies and consumers' preferences are forcing companies to reduce their carbon emissions. Due to financial and technical constraints, carbon-dependent manufacturers are seeking embedded services from energy service companies. By considering these government carbon policies and consumer preferences, this paper constructs a revenue-sharing contract and a two-part contract model for an embedded low-carbon service supply chain using the Stackelberg game to investigate the contractual coordination between the manufacturer and energy service company and their optimal decision making. The equilibrium decisions and the selection of contracts in the supply chain with different parameter levels were obtained. The model's validity was verified through numerical simulation analysis, and the impacts of the main parameters on the equilibrium decisions and expected utility for the supply chain were analyzed. The results showed that both contracts would enable manufacturers and low-carbon service providers to achieve profit maximization goals when the parameters meet certain constraints. Changes in consumers' low-carbon and low-price preferences can cause manufacturers to change their business strategies. In addition, the level of technology of ESCOs affects the selection of the type of contract between manufacturers and energy service companies. The findings described in this paper can provide management insights for manufacturers regarding carbon reduction in practice.


Objective To investigate the circannual rhythm in patients with atrial arrhythmia in Shanxi province and Liaoning province,and to provide an evidence for chronotherapy. Methods A total of 2 313 cases from Shanxi province and 966 from Liao-ning province undergoing transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring(TTM)were enrolled.The incidence of atrial arrhythmia was recorded in every month one year,and the peak incidence of atrial arrhythmia in circannual distribution was analyzed by circular distribution analysis system.The characteristics of circannual distribution of atrial arrhythmia in different areas were compared. Results The distribution of circannual rhythm of atrial arrhythmia in Shanxi province in 11 months(excluding February)presented apparent aggregation trend(peak time on January 2,P0.05),while existed in 12 months in Liaoning province(peak time on November 10,P0.05). Conclusion Atrial arrhythm vary seasonally in Shanxi province and Liaoning province,yet the rhythm is distinctive in different regions,which could provide an evidence for chronotherapeutics and region-therapeutics in decreasing medical cost and increasing efficiency.


Ring Oscillators (ROs) are used for yield learning during the research phase of a CMO technology. We performed cross-sections and showed that the open and short defects are in the middle of line (MOL) gate structures. The defects which are related to MOL or prior processes, as well as the design and density, will be discussed in the paper.


The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that chaotic behaviour can occur in practical microwave non-linear circuits and to present methods of analysis that can predict such behaviour. Theoretical and practical results are presented for Gunn diode oscillators. The methods of analysis presented help the designer to understand the behaviour and to design chaos free oscillators.


The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle width of the 6.917 MeV, ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}{=2}^{+}$ state in ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ is the most uncertain value in the determination of the $E2$ radiative ground state transition of the astrophysically important ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(\ensuremath{\alpha},\ensuremath{\gamma}{)}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction at energies relevant to stellar helium burning. As discussed previously in literature it is possible in principle to derive a precise value of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ width of the 6.917 MeV state by measuring the $E2$ direct capture into this state. Here the theory based on the R-matrix formalism connecting the cascade direct capture and the $E2$ ground state transition is described in more complete form than hitherto and resulting direct capture cross sections are estimated. In addition, conditional fits are made to existing data and the resulting value of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particle width is discussed. From these considerations the cascade cross sections are found to be of the order of 10 nb in an extended energy range proposed to be measured. Angular distributions for the primary $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transition are also given. Conclusions for future experiments are then drawn. The branching ratio of the $7.\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{1}6.9\mathrm{MeV}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ transition should also be measured.


Prior studies suggest that middle-income Americans are more likely to move to predominately white, low-income neighbourhoods than predominately black or Latino neighbourhoods. Given that black and Latino neighbourhoods are, on average, lower income and higher in poverty than low-income, white neighbourhoods, it may be that gentrification in these neighbourhoods is a different kind of change than that occurring in predominately white neighbourhoods. Using Census data from 1970 to 2010 for 275 Metropolitan Statistical Areas, I find that racial composition influences not only whether gentrification occurs, but how it occurs and whether it influences racial demographics. Majority white gentrifying tracts were more likely to experience an increase in higher-income residents and white residents, while majority non-white gentrifying tracts experienced an increase in higher-educated but not higher-income residents, and an increase in white residents and decrease in black and Latino residents. Racial composition thus contributed to the kind of gentrification that a tract experienced and the extent to which gentrification produced racial change. These findings suggest that race affects not only where gentrification occurs, as previously established, but also the kind of class and racial changes a neighbourhood experiences. Ultimately, this article suggests that gentrification neither unfolds in one way nor affects all neighbourhoods the same way.


In this paper,the development of excavation engineering is introduced and the supporting system is classified.Meanwhile,some important problems in domestic excavation engineering are discussed comprehensively,and some views on the development of the pit excavation and supporting technology are put forward.


The article deals with the potential of the application of health-improving psychological technologies to forming anti-extremist tolerant attitudes in the youth environment. In the article the author analyzes problems of psychological health of university students in their interrelation with problems of tolerance and extremism in the youth environment. The author brings forward a three-level model of psychological health of students and describes its speci"c parameters and integral indices. The results of the monitoring of psychological health of students of various departments of Southern Federal University (SFedU) (573 respondents) are adduced; the revealed factorial structures in subgroups of male and female students and their qualitative psychological characteristics are described. The author suggests his own classi"cation of psychological health-improving technologies and a scheme of health-improving work in the university on the basis of the o$ered three-level model of psychological health.


This research was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Kanjuruhan Malang, which began in March until May 2019. The purpose of this study was to study the quality of semen of Kampung Ayam Arabian funds with long stored Arabs that produce in spaces. In this study, the material used was cement of Kampung chickens and Arabic chickens which were requested from two male chickens and 2 male Arab chickens needed 1.5-2 years that had a body weight of ± 2.5 kg and each tail was accommodated 1 time per day and in one shelter done 1 ejaculation. The laboratory test method uses a completely randomized design (factorial). The research treatment is storing time 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. Each payment is repeated ten times. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of shelf life on the quality of spermatozoa. After 4 hours motility is not feasible for IB, after 4 hours the viability is not feasible for all, after 4 hours the abnormality is not feasible for all.


The studies on the survival and pathogenicity of locally isolated Heterorhabditis sp. was carried out in laboratory by simulating the various parameters viz., soil temperature, soil moisture and relative humidity, in sandy loam soil collected from Chidiyatapu, South Andaman. It was found that for the survival and pathogenicity of Heterorhabditis rp. eight per cent soil moisture and temperature of 24°C at a relative humidity of 100% resulted in mean pathogenicity of 75.27%. Moisture levels above or below 8% and temperatures above or below 24°C at 100% relative humidity led to decrease in survival and virulence of nematodes. The survival and pathogenicity of nematodes declined as the time progressed.


The overwhelming availability of omics data poses new challenges to bioinformatics applications, such as the efficient storage, preprocessing, and analysis of experimental data; the building of reproducible "in silico" experiments; the annotation of omics data with terms extracted from ontologies; and the integration of omics and clinical data. We present BioTax, a taxonomy for bioinformatics tools, and its web-based system that users can access either to query the taxonomy and retrieve metadata about bioinformatics tools, or to submit and classify new bioinformatics tools according to the taxonomy itself. BioTax is implemented by using the OWL Web Ontology Language and currently it classifies 14 bioinformatics tools. BioTax can help both decision makers as well as application designers in choosing bioinformatics tools during the development of complex biomedical applications and in better understanding their strengths and weaknesses in the various stages of the bioinformatics analysis pipeline.


Phenol is a toxic hydrocarbon that has been found in the wastewater of several industries, including the petroleum and petrochemical
industries. The discharge of untreated wastewater from these industries causes environmental pollution, especially in water.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of phenol removal from wastewater using a biofiltration system. In this experimental
study, a cylindrical plexiglass biofilter reactor with an effective volume of 12 liters was used. A total of 30 pcs of plastic grid
discs were placed inside the reactor by plastic pipes to maintain the biofilm media in the reactor. The microorganisms used in this
study were obtained from the biological sludge of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The reproduction and adaptation of
the microorganisms to 500 mg/L of phenol lasted three months. The effects of pH, phenol, nitrogen, phosphorus, glucose concentration,
and hydraulic retention time on the biofilter system's performance was evaluated. The results of this study showed that in
optimal conditions, this system can reduce the phenol concentration from 500 mg/L to zero within about 4 hr. Maximum efficiency
occurred in pH = 7, and the proper COD/N/P ratio was 100/10/2, respectively. In general, this biofilter system is capable of removing
500 mg/L of phenol concentrations and an organic load of 4 - 4.5 kg COD/m3
.d within 4 - 5 hr. with high efficiency


In this thesis, the adaptive control of decentralized systems using switching control methods is studied. The motivation for studying this problem arises when the model of the system being controlled is highly uncertain, i.e., when uncertainty in the plant model is sufficiently large such that a fixed LTI controller or traditional adaptive controller is ineffective to use. In this case, it is assumed that a dictionary of calculated decentralized controllers has been obtained which has the propem that a t least one of the controllers always satisfactorily controls the plant; a switching controller is t hen found mhich sequentially applies a controller from this dictionary of controllers to control the actual plant. Two approaches are investigated in this thesis. The first approach requires that a set of plant models be given, and that the real plant rnodel belongs to this set. The other approach only requires that a family of controllers to exist with the property that a t least one of them satisfies the control objective for the problem when applied to the actual system. In determining a solution to this switching control problem, a study of digital coatrollers for decentralized systems is made. Such digital controIlers can potentially improve the overall performance of a decentralized control system, when a LTI continuous controller is ineffective. Conditions under which a digital controller can improve the performance of a decentralized continuous-time system are discussed, -41~0, it is shown that using Generalized Sampled-Data Hold Functions (GSHF) instead of a sirnple zero-order hold, in the implementation of the digital controllers, can significantiy improve the overall performance of the resultant closed-loop system. In particular, it is shown GSHF can potentially be used to modie the structure of the digraph of the resultant discrete-time plant, by removing certain interconnections in the equivalent discrete-time model, to hrrn a hierarchical system model of the plant, and in this case a decentralized digital switching controller can immediately be irnplemented in the resultant system.


A 35-year-old female was admitted in Internal Medicine department due to hypereosinophilia after presenting with lower abdominal cramps, watery diarrhea, progressive abdominal distension and dyspnea, since last three weeks. Secondary causes of eosinophilia were excluded. The performed work-up revealed eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. In the presence of a hypereosinophilic syndrome, glucocorticoid was started with rapid normalization of peripheral eosynophils count. hypereosinophilic syndrome includes a heterogeneous group of entities characterized by peripheral marked eosinophilia with multisystemic organ involvement. The clinical presentation depends on organ involvement (dermatologic, pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, hematological and/or neurological). The prognosis depends on the variant and life threatening organ involvement.


Case 1 A 32-year-old woman presented with lethargy and an abdominal mass which had been present for 3 years. On examination she had moderately pale conjunctivae but no jaundice or lymphadenopathy and there were no stigmata of chronic liver disease. A non-tender, massively enlarged, firm spleen was palpable 24 cm below the costal margin and there was hepatomegaly of 2 cm with no detectable ascites. Stool and urine microscopy were unremarkable. Haematological investigations revealed a normochromic, normocytic anaemia 7.5 g/dl, total lymphocyte count 12.4 × 10/l and platelet count 100 × 10/l. There were no malaria parasites in her peripheral blood and haemoglobin electrophoresis showed genotype AS. Her total IgM was 7.9 g/l, which was markedly raised compared to the local, normal mean of 3.5 g/l (+2 SD). She was treated with proguanil 100 mg daily and both her spleen size and leucocyte counts reduced. However, despite continuous antimalarial therapy, her spleen enlarged again after 3 years. Further investigations including protein electrophoresis (figure 1) were undertaken.


On July 24–27, 2007, a group of approximately 150 researchers and practitioners met in Pittsburgh for the 2007 ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering to present and learn about current research and developments on IT/AIS: Information Technology Support to Advance Infrastructure Systems Management. The conference was geared toward academics and professionals who are interested in computing in a wide range of civil engineering research areas, such as sensing and sensor systems, mobile/wearable computing, data modeling, management, mining, and life-cycle assessment and sustainable infrastructure. The three keynote speakers presented fascinating and forwardlooking talks that provided insights on the future directions of the major conference topics. Dr. Steven B. Chase, the chief scientist of the Federal Highway Administration, talked about the role of information technology in the management of an aging highway infrastructure. He introduced the limitations in the data collection practice of bridge inspection and bridge management, and particularly in visual inspections. He then presented example applications of smart sensing technologies that help create smarter bridges. Dr. Dan M. Frangopol, the Fazlur R. Khan Endowed Chair of Structural Engineering and Architecture at Lehigh University, introduced a method for the integration of monitoring and maintenance management of civil infrastructure systems under uncertainty from a life-cycle perspective. He explained the importance of maintaining a satisfactory long-term performance not only of individual bridges, but also of the overall highway network. He presented a novel analytical and computational framework for network-level bridge maintenance management using optimization. This framework integrates time-dependent structural reliability prediction, highway network performance assessment, and life-cycle cost analysis by prioritizing the maintenance resources to deteriorating bridges through simultaneous and balanced minimization of three objective functions: maintenance cost, bridge failure cost, and user cost. The resulting multiobjective optimization problem is solved by a genetic algorithm. Dr. Edward J. Jaselskis, former program director at the National Science Foundation responsible for managing the information technology and infrastructure systems program, talked about


The Lincoln diocesan records have long been well known to historians both for their great bulk and importance and for their accessibility. Before the Reformation the diocese covered eight and a half counties; even in 1541 it lost only Northampton, Rutland and Oxford, with the result that it was divided into completely separate portions, Lincolnshire and Leicester in the north, Buckingham, Bedford, Huntingdon and part of Hertfordshire in the south. Its size alone will account for the vastness of the collection. That the muniments are accessible is due to the work of the late Canon Foster, in recognition of which the Pilgrim Trust established the present record office, as the result of a request for assistance by the bishop of Lincoln. In this Society the work of Canon Foster is so famous as to make any comment on it by me superfluous, if not impertinent, but it would be impossible to speak of the records without reference to him. For my own part, I regard it as my chief privilege to attempt to carry on his work: to try to continue on the lines laid down by him is in itself a liberal education in the care and use of manuscripts.


This paper proposes a low delay temporal decomposition (TD) method for line spectral frequency (LSF) parameters called "Limited Error Based Event Localizing Temporal Decomposition" (LEBEL-TD, for short). In previous work with TD, TD analysis was usually performed on each speech segment of about 200-300 ms or more, making it impractical for online applications. In this present work, the event localization is determined based on a limited error criterion and a local optimization strategy, which results in an average algorithmic delay of 75 ms. Simulation results show that an average log spectral distortion of about 1.5 dB can be achievable at an event rate of 20 events/sec. Also, LEBEL-TD uses neither the computationally costly singular value decomposition routine nor the event refinement process, thus reducing significantly the computational cost of TD. It is shown that excitation information of speech can be well described using the LEBEL-TD technique.


With the explosive growth of information, it is becoming increasingly difficult to retrieve the relevant documents with statistical means only. This begets new challenges to IR community and motivates researchers to look for intelligent Information Retrieval (IR) systems that search and/or filter information automatically based on some higher level of understanding are required. This higher level of understanding can only be achieved through processing of text based on semantics, which is not possible by considering a document as a ―bag of words‖. We make a humble effort in this direction by investigating techniques that attempt to utilize semantics to improve effectiveness in IR. This paper emphasizes an improved representation of documents and by incorporating limited semantic knowledge; it is possible to improve the effectiveness of an IR system. Keywords: Information retrieval, User profile, Ethics


Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) is a rare condition that arises from the peripheral nerves and is characterized histologically by cellular atypia, hyperchromasia and spindle shaped tumor cells intersecting in stroiform pattern. While neurofibromas are common in spinal canal, malignant transformation into MPNST is rarely seen except in cases with neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1).


No single drug is suitable as the sole anesthetic agent for all patients undergoing high-risk noncardiac surgery. Further, numerous drug combinations can be used with equal efficacy to achieve hemodynamic stability and a low incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia. The choice of anesthetic agent is primarily determined by the patient's preoperative ventricular function, the requirements for early extubation, and the experience of the anesthesiologist.


Elementary results in algorithmic information theory are invoked to show that almost all finite functions are highly random. That is, the shortest program generating a given function description is rarely much shorter than the description. It is also shown that the length of a program for learning or optimization poses a bound on the algorithmic information it supplies about any description. For highly random descriptions, success in guessing values is essentially accidental, but learning accuracy can be high in some cases if the program is long. Optimizers, on the other hand, are graded according to the goodness of values in partial functions they sample. In a highly random function, good values are as common and evenly dispersed as bad values, and random sampling of points is very efficient.


In this paper we give an overview of the network architecture and of the resilience requirements for both, metro and core networks.


Based on NPK "3414" field test data,7 fertilizing effect models of ternary,binary and unary quadratic,taking peanut yield as the target function,were set up.Effect analysis of fertilizer strategy and the corresponding yield were carried out.The results showed that the fertilizer formula,which was given by binary quadratic regression model of NP,i.e.N 170.16 kg/ha,P2O5 63.84 kg/ha,K2O 60 kg/ha,yield expectation could reach up to 4 586.16 kg/ha,the ratio of output to input was 20.55.This formula could be recommended to eastern peanut planting region of Xinxiang.


The present invention prevents the falling of the contents, such as seeds and vegetation sheet having anti-blocking property even when long-term storage in roll form, as well, provide a water-soluble resin film suitable for the manufacture of such vegetation sheet to. The present invention is specifically directed to a multilayer film comprising two layers of layer 1 and layer 2, the layer 1, the time until complete dissolution is measured by subjecting the water test A (water time) not less than 90 seconds, the layer 2 provides a water-soluble multi-layer films, wherein the dissolving time is less than 90 seconds.


Can modern cosmological observations be reconciled with a general-relativistic Universe without an anti-gravitating energy source? Usually, the answer to this question by cosmologists is in the negative, and it is commonly believed that the observed excess dimming of supernovae relative to that in the Milne model is evidence for dark energy. In this paper, we develop theorems that clarify the conditions for such an excess dimming, based on which we argue that the answer to the above question may counter-intuitively be `yes'.


Without ado, let me face the arguments. First, G. E. Moore believes that T. H. Green's explanation of the good as that which satisfies desire, and of the true good as that which satisfies moral desire, is unsatisfactory and therefore Green is not able to make a contribution to solving ethical problems. This dismissal, however, is based on Moore's refusal to ascribe significance to Green's distinction between 'desire' and 'moral desire'. While 'desire' could be directed to any object, 'moral desire' is the desire to achieve the unconditional good, or the good approved by reason. What Green does here is to replace the distinction between desire and reason, so fundamental for externalist ethical approaches, with the distinction between the desire for any random object and the desire for that which the reason approves of. Both distinctions are helpful in outlining the sphere of moral action, but the advantage of the second one to the first is that it places emphasis not only on the object of moral action but also on our commitment to it.


1. A method for controlling a vehicle power window, the method comprising the steps of: determine current signal driving the motor vehicle window using the element determining the operation status signal is obtained box car window; ! introduced a certain signal state operation of the vehicle window in a window controller; ! Controller sends a corresponding control signal to the executive body signal according to a particular state of operation of the car window window; and! actuator controls the drive motor to operate according to the corresponding control signal; ! wherein the main controller control element is a thyristor or an element with an equivalent function. ! 2. A method for power window control vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle operation state signal window includes window signal obstacle closing a vehicle window, the signal is fully open car window, the signal is fully closed and the vehicle window signal obstacles vehicle window opening. ! 3. A method for controlling a vehicle power window according to claim 1, wherein the control signal which the controller sends actuator body includes a stop signal or a reverse rotation signal. ! 4. A process control vehicle power window according to claim 1, wherein the executive authority can be a relay or a MOSFET, and a combination of both. ! 5. A process control vehicle power window according to claim 1, wherein the sampling element is a resistor for determining


With the benefit of funding from the EU Objective Social Fund (ESF) students in West Wales have been instructed in advanced composite materials design and construction through a boat-building programme that has produced three Mini Trarnsat racing yachts.


The debate around the effects of the imposition of COVID-19 mask mandates has been fervent, however, little research has been done on the economic effects of these mandates. I find that mask mandates have a positive average treatment effect of 3% on consumer spending. I then use survey data to confirm the mechanism: people tend to feel more comfortable participating in the economy when mask-wearing is common. Finally, I provide an estimate of the increase in tax revenue state and local governments can expect to receive as a result of implementing a mask mandate, finding a mask mandate can offset a substantial portion of the pandemic-induced decline in tax revenue.


Whereas a great deal has been written on the relationship of speech and language to hearing and to mental subnormality, very little with specific bearing on all three aspects has been found. This study, however, compares speech and language disorders and hearing loss in relation to mental defect.


Sectoral heterogeneity is crucial to address several economic questions. This paper provides a detailed mapping of sectoral production possibility frontiers, using different nesting structures and levels of aggregation (primary, secondary, tertiary activities and energy-intensive firms). Elasticities of substitution between capital, labour and energy are identified by employing an international multi-sector dataset, accounting for biased technological change and normalising the production function to clusters of observations. Complementarity dominates, with the noteworthy exception of the capital-labour composite, close to Cobb-Douglas. I also present some stylized facts relating substitution elasticities to sectoral characteristics.


I. The European Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions concerning Custody of Children and on Restoration of Custody of Children, drawn up within the Council of Europe by a committee of governmental experts under the authority of the European Committee on Legal Co-operation (CDCJ), was opened for signature by the member States of the Council of Europe on 20 May 1980 in Luxembourg on the occasion of the 12th Conference of European Ministers of Justice.


About 150 species of Puccinia on Carex (Cyperaceae) have been reported globally. However, these species can be difficult to identify due to similarities in morphology and difficulties in identifying the host plants. The presence of many cryptic species is also suspected. Based on about 130 specimens on Carex and about 40 related specimens of spermogonial and aecial stages, all collected in northeastern China, a phylogenetic approach was conducted to clarify their identification and life cycles. In the phylogenetic analyses, 17 clades among specimens on Carex were detected. Each clade was interpreted as an independent species, although many clades were morphologically similar to each other. After comparative morphology with species previously reported, seven species including three first records in China (P. circaeae-caricis, P. urticae-inflatae and P. vaginatae) were identified, while ten species (P. caricis-artemisiae, P. caricis-atractylodes, P. caricis-hebeiensis, P. caricis-jilinensis, P. caricis-lactucae, P. caricis-pediformis, P. caricis-rafaensis, P. caricis-ribicola, P. caricis-tenuiformis and P. caricis-violae) are described as new. In uredinial and telial stages, many host plant species could not be identified as they lacked an inflorescence. Thus, a phylogenetic approach is more suitable for species identifications of Puccinia on Carex rather than relying on rust morphology and host plant identification. Life cycle relations for 12 spermogonial and aecial species were also clarified using phylogenetic analyses. Furthermore, it is suspected that Puccinia species on Carex can be differentiated into species based on their spermogonial and aecial stages on the same or related host plants. Additionally, one new replacement name (P. caricis-aphanolepidis) for P. pulchella is proposed.


Exposure of tissue culture cells to irradiated medium is known to induce mitotic delay, and impair growth and reproductive integrity. Studies were undertaken to elucidate the nature of radiation damage to the medium and how this damage is expressed in the effects on cells. Growth characteristics of mouse lymphoma cells (L5178Y) were used as an index of the concentration of toxic radiation products in the medium, for a range of delivered doses. The effects of various incubation times and intervals between irradiation and cell inoculation were examined. The use of radioprotectors to reduce and reverse the observed effects was studied.