A COMMITTEE of the British Medical Association in 1927 decided "t.hat the word 'drunk' should always be taken to mean that the person concerned was so much under the influence of alcohol as to have lost control of his faculties to such an extent as to render him unable to execute safely the occupation on which he was engaged at the material time". The onus of responsibility for traffic accidents falls most heavily on the driver of a motor vehicle, as the speed of which such a vehicle is capable demands for safe driving a controlled state of mind and competent neuro-muscular coordination. Responsibility, particularly in regard to neuro-muscular control, is demanded of cyclists, and to a less extent of drivers of horse-drawn vehicles and pedestrians. Even so, Marpother has stated that 22 % of accidents in the United States of America in which pedestrians are involved are the result of intoxication on the part of the pedestrian. Alcohol acts predominantly on the central nervous system, and in proportion to the amount consumed progressively impairs the functions of this system. The British Medical Association committee pointed out that "the first effect of alcohol is on the higher centres and is subjective, and, even if no objective symptoms occur, the subjective effect may be sufficient to make it unsafe for an individual to be in a responsible position". Most people are subject to reaction tendencies against feelings of inferiority. A symptom of this in the motor-car driver is an intolerance of being behind others and a determination to pass other vehicles on the road. The urge to travel at high speed may also originate from an instinctive craving for power, violent emotion or euphoria. Alcohol, by reducing the inhibition of the highest centres, tends to release these motivations towards speeding. Whately Smith measured the influence of alcohol on emotion. He found that the psycho-galvanic reflex was diminished in magnitude and variability, that the proportion of inner association to stimulus words was smaller, but that the proportion of highly toned reactions increased at the expense of the moderately toned. He concluded that these experimental results indicated that "under the influence of alcohol a person is on the whole more inert in that many stimuli produce a smaller effect in him than in the normal person, but that if the stimuli once surpass a certain value the result in behaviour is extreme". McDougall found that one of the earliest signs of the effect of alcohol was a striking decrease in the rate of apparent alternations of direction of rotation in a "windmill" illusion. He also found that memory of relationship between listed words was diminished. The laboratory results obtained by Smith and McDougall are reproduced in everyday life in motorists by a tendency to ignore the courtesies of the road and traffic indications, and on the other hand to take undue risks. At the reflex level the action of alcohol again leads to depression of function, though its action at the higher levels creates at the same time a conviction of increased ability. In some subjects with introv.erted personalities and abnormally developed inhibitions, the earliest effects of alcohol may release more efficient reflex responses; but this is unusual. Reaction times, the blinking reflex and the latent period of the knee jerk are prolonged, the rate of typewriting is slower. With a dotting machine more errors are made. Habitual movements, such as are involved in dressing and undressing, lighting and putting out a cigarette and picking up objects from the floor, may be fumbled. Equilibrium in posture and movement may be less stable than normally. Articulation may be slurred and the pronunciation of difficult words and phrases may be poorly executed. Handwriting may show signs of incoordination. In a very ingenious apparatus used by Miles an indicating needle was connected to a steering wheel and the subject had to keep the needle on a moving mark. After he had ~runk one and a half pints of very light beer, errors Increased by 11 %. With larger amounts of alcohol the pupil reaction becomes sluggish to light. This "tonic reaction" is a normal feature in some persons. With still larger quantities of alcohol mentality becomes more infantile and confused, conduct more grossly emotional and action more incoordinated. until the stages of coma or even death from respiratory paralysis may eventuate. Although in general the stages of depression of the central nervous system follow in order from the most specialized to the most automatic, yet there are wide individual variations. One young man whom I used to know could carryon a highly intellectual discussion after his legs had failed to support him. An alcoholic amnesia for an hour or more, during which time the subject has been mentally and physically active, is a possibility. A characteristic of this amnesia is a gradual fading of. consciousness, with patches of memory but an abrupt return to full consciousness. The return to consciousness from alcoholic coma is slow and patchy. The pharamcological effects of the same amount of alcohol are extremely variable in different persons, and even in the same person in varying circumstances. Taken on an empty stomach, alcohol is fully absorbed and appears in maximum concentration in the blood in a few minutes up to twohours, on an average in about three-quarters of an hour. A carbohydrate and protein meal has little effect on the blood alcohol curve. When alcohol is taken after or before a full meal containing fats, the peak concentration of alcohol in the blood is reduced and is delayed. Widmark states that up to 17% of ingested alcohol may remain unabsorbed after a full meal. Mellanby states that malt liquors and diluted spirits are absorbed more slowly than concentrated spirits. Kionka's experiments did not confirm this. Unmatured wines and spirits are more toxic than matured forms. The rate of ingestion is important. Body weight has a decided influence. Habituation is also important; such tolerance is ascribed by Mellanby to slower absorption, and by Pringsheimschen and Kionka to increased rate of oxidation. Ketosis may raise the apparent blood alcohol content by 30 milligrammes tier cent1bm, rarely more. Widmark has suggested a formula by means of which the amount of alcohol consumed can be correlated with the blood alcohol content at certain times. Widmark's original publications are not available; but the formula, quoted by Smith and Glaister in "Recent Advances in Forensic Medicine", does not conform to observed data. Goldhahn quotes Widmark's figures for the relationship of observed blood alcohol content and the probability of intoxication, as follows (the percentages are percentages of' persons) :


The paper concerns with the static behaviour of the Coliseum, one of the most important monuments of the roman architecture. The study, which starts from previous studies of the authors, is developed by means of the common static approach, the limit analysis and the use of non linear programs. The following topics are carried out:
a) static analysis of the original configuration
b) description of the damage heaped by the monument during its whole life and description of the past restoration works
c) analysis of the two conjectures concerning if the past earthquakes or, on the contrary, the past dismantlement works were responsible for the damage.
With reference to the first conjecture, it is shown that the monument is little sensitive to seismic actions because of the presence of soft foundation soils, of its large mass, stiffness and lateral strength.
The second conjecture requires a non linear analysis of the main structures of the monument which is developed by means of a finite element program. The results show that the demolition of at least two adjacent outside piers can produce collapse of an entire vertical strip of the outer masonry wall.


The 900th anniversary of the establishment of the Monastery in Clairvaux by St. Bernard passed on the 25th of June. In this context it is worth recalling this distinguished person who strongly imprinted in the history of the twelfth-century Europe. Moreover, 800 years ago there was one of the most important councils of the Middle Ages – the Fourth Lateran. He had to sort out relationships between the Church and the secular power, announce the next crusade and deal with the sect of the Cathars. What is more, it should be mentioned that it is the 600th anniversary of the birth of Jan Dlugosz. His Annales are an irreplaceable source of knowledge of the history of the Polish medieval. The recalled anniversaries lead us from Citeaux, through Clairvaux to Krakow and Jedrzejow. They connect St. Bernard with Wincenty Kadlubek and Jan Dlugosz. The combination of these anniversaries with the Cistercian world is the subject of this article.


The choice of evaluation methodology is as important as any part of the assessment process. In the past, most selections have been made from among various quantitative strategies and techniques. Recently, program evaluation researchers have begun to discuss some of the limitations of quantitative techniques for addressing some evaluation questions. In response to these limitations — most of which characterize the evaluation of health promotion programs — some have turned to a set of techniques which can complement or, at times, replace quantitative evaluation methods. These methods are collectively called "qualitative" evaluation methods. In this article, we highlight some of the differences between quantitative and qualitative approaches and suggest ways in which both may be used in a given evaluation effort.


Program-controlled analysis of retrieval terms in a terminological da t a bank requires an inventory of the elements to be available from which terms usually are formed. Such an inventory reaches some degree of saturation a t about 3 . 5 0 0 elements — t rue morphemes, as well as t runcated ones and morpheme combinations, — but it is ra ther dynamic in the more rapidly developing sub-fields of science and technology. The features of the inventory may approximately be classified as lexicographic and processing ones to establish a more technological approach to the solution of some language da t a handling problems.


Sexual health is an important yet often neglected component of patient care. Most research on sexual health assessment and its place in nursing occurred from the 1970s to the early 2000s, leaving a gap in understanding nurses' current attitudes and beliefs toward assessing patients' sexual health. Frequencies by which sexual health assessments (SHA) are performed by nurses today is also unknown. In this study, we aimed to provide an updated understanding of attitudes, beliefs, and practices of nurses regarding SHA. An online-based Likert-scale survey was administered via social media platforms for professional nurses to complete. Results indicate that nurses are comfortable and confident in performing sexual health assessments and that most participants (N =140) believe sexual health is a nursing responsibility. However, results also indicate that nurses' frequency of performing SHA is less than it should be and additional training or education is needed to address this disparity. Statistically significant differences in participants' comfort, confidence, and frequency (p < .05) with SHA were demarcated based on their reported generational group, clinical specialty, professional role, gender, and education level. Based on these preliminary results, we conclude additional studies are needed to address barriers to assessing sexual health and incorporating this component of health into patients' plans of care. SEXUAL HEALTH ASSESSMENTS IN NURSING PRACTICE 3 Sexual health assessments in nursing practice: Quantitative analysis of nurses' behaviors and perceptions Upon admission to the hospital, patients are assessed by nurses to obtain pertinent information such as allergies, current medications, lifestyle habits such as smoking or alcohol use, vital signs, a history of chronic health conditions, infections or illnesses, and what issue caused hospital admission (Berman, Snyder, & Frandsen, 2016). However, healthcare providers' assessment of patients' sexual health is often superficial; failures to assess sexual health result in missed opportunities in identifying sexually transmitted infections (STIs), counseling a patient on contraceptive use, or referring to specialists (Nusbaum & Hamilton, 2002). These gaps in assessment indicate patients are generally inadequately assessed for sexual health deficits. Previous research suggests that nurses are uncomfortable addressing sexual health with patients, that barriers exist preventing sexual health conversations with patients, or that strategies to facilitate SHAs should be implemented to mediate sexual health screening deficits (Bdair & Constantino, 2017). Sexual health is a delicate topic for many, but it is imperative to assess patients in a matter-of-fact and sensitive manner (Nusbaum & Hamilton, 2002). This assessment is particularly important due to asymptomatic natures of most STIs (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2017). Asymptomatic STIs include chlamydia and gonorrhea, which are the most prevalent STIs as approximately 1.5 million cases of chlamydia occurred in 2017 (CDC, 2017a). Similarly, the CDC estimates 1.1 million people in the United States (US) are currently living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but are unaware of being infected, given HIV's often asymptomatic nature after initial exposure, and infrequent offers by health care providers for HIV testing (CDC, 2017a). SEXUAL HEALTH ASSESSMENTS IN NURSING PRACTICE 4


Galileons are related to other implicitly integrable equations such as the first order nonlinear wave equation and the universal field equation, which is a Lagrangian for the Galileon.


The health system in Gaza is struggling to deal with the number of gunshot wounds, which make up 25% of the total casualty caseload and are the highest cause of death among casualties, according to a report from the World Health Organization.1

WHO, in collaboration with over 20 agencies, analysed trauma injuries in Gaza from March 2018 to March 2019, and reported that 277 Palestinians were killed and over 28 000 were injured.

While any health system would be overwhelmed by such an influx of trauma casualties, gunshot wounds are the most urgent concern—6872 or 25% of the total casualty caseload, the report said.

However, local innovations such …


Vasovagal syncope is defined as a sudden and transient loss of consciousness. We report a case of vasovagal attack during insertion of thoracic paravertebral cathether. A 28 year old male ASA I, case of bronchus Schwannomas was posted for left sided Pneumonectomy. Past history of 2 episodes of dizziness and fainting on visualization of blood. During insertion of the catheter through the needle, patient felt paraesthesia and complained of giddiness and became unconscious. The monitor showed sudden bradycardia and hypotension. The blood glucose was found to be 55 mg/dl. 25% dextrose 100 ml was given to correct hypoglycemia. Patient was resuscitated and surgery completed. Therefore, Vasovagal episodes along with regional anesthesia can be a significant hazard. Attention must be given to patients with history of vasovagal episodes. Adequate comfortable positioning, reassurance, adequate sedatives to relieve anxiety and preprocedure optimization of blood glucose may be useful in such patients.


Objective To observe and compare anesthetic effect of three types of anesthetia in different surgical methods for hemorrhoids,thus to provide evidence for the selection of clinical anesthesia.Methods One hundred and eighty cases of hemorrhoids surgery were randomly assigned to two groups.Group Ⅰ was given hemorrhoid simple excision,hemorrhoid ring resection and thrombotic external hemorrhoids dissection.Group Ⅱ was given PPH surgery.Group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were further divided into three subgroups.Group Ⅰa and Ⅱa were given low epidural anesthesia,group Ⅰb and Ⅱb were given caudal anesthesia and group Ⅰ c and Ⅱ c were given waist and epidural anesthesia.There were 30 patients in each subgroup.Anesthetic effect of the three types of anesthesia were observed and compared.Results The three anesthetic methods could successfully complete the surgery in simple excision,hemorrhoid loop excision or dissection of thrombotic external hemorrhoids;for surgical site above the dentate line(PPH),epidural block and sacral block might be incomplete,thus patients might have pain response and traction discomfort when firing stapler.Spinal-epidural block could achieve good effects of anesthesia in all conditions.Conclusion For surgical site below the dentate line,three anesthetic methods can facilitate successful surgery,among which caudal anesthesia have the most advantages.For PPH surgery,lumbar epidural block anesthesia need to be selected in order to achieve good results.


This paper presents a solution of economic scheduling incorporation wind based generation (WBG) using a particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO). The effect of inclusion of wind-based generation (WBG) on economic load dispatch scheduling is investigated, while the WBG speed is subjected to short duration variations around a stable mean value. Analytical formulation of the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem including of WBG is presented. The short time duration wind speed variations effect is included as a static amount of power and not as stochastic models. The PSO algorithm is simple in concept, easy in implementation. PSO algorithm does not require any derivative information, sure and fast convergence, moreover; PSO needs less computational time compared to other heuristic methods. These features increase the applicability of the PSO, particularly in power system applications. A 20-unit test system is resolved using PSO to illustrate the variation in the optimal cost, losses, and system-λ with the variation of stable mean wind speed.


The advanced piezoelectric ceramic composite actuator, which is called LIPCA with the FRP and the optimization of the laminate configuration, was performed to maximize the stress transfer and the fiber bridging effect. This study evaluated the effect of variable electric fields on the PZT characteristic, laminate configuration and fatigue characteristics under the resonance frequency, which meant the largest performance range and the changes of its interlaminar phase were also evaluated by stages. In conclusions, Comparing with the fatigue life of intact LIPCA, the fatigue life of LIPCA embedded by the artificial delamination was decreased up to 50%. The micro void growth and the coalescence of epoxy were actively made at the interlaminar phase subject to the large tensile stress.


In early 2020 with the emergence of the corona virus which originated in China, became a threat to every country because it caused many victims to die. The massive spread of the corona virus globally throughout the world has an impact on every country in various sectors, be it social, political, economic, tourism, or domestic and global trade sectors. This is because many countries have issued policies restricting access to the country not only for the public, but also for certain products originating from other countries with the aim of minimizing the growing circulation of the corona virus. Of the many countries, including Indonesia, felt the impact of this case, especially in the global trade sector because it caused delays in various types of products that should have been exported to various countries due to restrictions on the acceptance of imported goods by certain countries through policies issued supported by the World Trade Organization's record stating that During the Covid-19 pandemic, there were many countries that implemented global trade restrictions.


In a Smart Grid environment the performance measure of the grid is calculated by considering the fact that how accurately and precisely a load forecasting (LF) is done. A true Load Forecasting is vital to make a current grid smarter and more reliable when it comes to its performance. Demand Response (DR) contracts is a type of program in smart grid where the customer is free to select a type of contract which is given by the utility and is one of the growing factor which affects the load forecasting results in the Smart Grid, therefore in order to do a complete evaluation of smart grid performance and to accomplish an accurate load forecasting results the different types of contracts should also be studied. The purpose of this study is to accomplish two goals. The first one is to develop a suitable model which can incorporate various factors that can affect the load forecasting results. The subsequent goal is to identify the impact of the demand response contracts on the load forecasting results. In the proposed study, Support Vector Machine-Regression (SVR) is selected as the base methodology to perform a Short — Term Load Forecasting (STLF) under smart grid environment.


One of the more useful structures produced by contemporary engineers is the bridge. The bridge is part of a roadway which carries traffic across an obstacle. Several books on the principles of architectural design should interest the bridge engineer. About two thousand years ago, Vitruvious, a Roman architect, wrote ten books on architecture which he addressed to Caesar. In the sixteenth century, Palladio, an Italian architect, explained qualities of the bridge. The application of these principles to bridge design is briefly outlined and applied to historic bridges in the Mid-West. These reinforced concrete bridges were built between the 1900s through 1930s when concrete was becoming one of the most important materials for modern bridges. Concrete is especially well suited to the construction of arch bridges, a type which has unusual architectural possibilities. Therefore, all of the bridge examples are arch bridges: closed-spandrel arch, Luten arch, open-spandrel arch, and concrete through arch. In conclusion, the reader should have a better understanding of aesthetic qualities of historic concrete arched bridges.


Background : Self-medication is one of the common problems worldwide and is a cause of antibiotic resistance. The prevalence of self-medication in India could be high due to improper drug regulation and easy availability of over the counter medications. The knowledge, attitude and awareness regarding self-medication among medical and dental students could help us in understanding the need for awareness campaigns and necessitate the early exposure to the hazards of self-medication. Objectives : This study was aimed to compare the prevalence, awareness and attitude towards self-medication among medical and dental students from a reputed college in Telangana. Materials and Methods : A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in medical (n=150) and dental (n=150) students to assess their awareness, attitude and behavior towards self-medication. Medical and dental students aged between 17 and 25 years were included in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Results : The overall prevalence of self-medication was high (87.3%) with antipyretics being most commonly self-prescribed (94.3%), followed by analgesics (72.5%) and antibiotics (58.0%). There was a significantly increased usage of sedatives (6.3%) & vitamins (78.8%) among medical students when compared to dental students. 88.0% felt that self-medication was acceptable and only 11% of them were aware of the hazards of drug misuse. The most common source for self-medication was physician prescription (75.3%) and 91% preferred self-medication to doctor consultation for minor illness to avoid waiting for long periods. Female students showed a statistically significant increased usage of analgesics (63.7%), vitamins (73.2%) and herbal drugs (66.9%) compared to their male counterparts. Conclusion : This study highlights the high prevalence of self-medication among medical and dental students and the lack of awareness of the hazards of improper drug usage. Drug resistance and adverse effects due to self-medicated drugs is a global issue and creating awareness among the students regarding the hazards of drug misuse is very important.


New records of eleven very rare species of short-tongued bees (Colletidae, Andrenidae and Halictidae) from Poland are given. Their localities in Poland, distribution and bionomics are presented.


It is emphasized that, despite social changes in the world, general processes and the importance of restoration, protection and conservation of the natural environment, there are acute problems of rational and effective use of natural resources and complexes in Ukraine. This does not fully correspond to the commonly recognized concept of the need to consider the interests of future generations and meet the contemporary needs of humanity. Based on this, it has been proven that there is an urgent need to provide the introduction of rational and effective use of natural resources and complexes, as well as to restore and preserve the latter, in order to correct the current situation, guarantee the realization of the environmental rights of every citizen of our country and the right to use natural resources in particular.
An analysis of the norms of the current domestic legislation, in particular, water and land legislation, whose prescriptions regulate relations with the use of natural objects, including water ones, was carried out. It is argued that one of the priority steps now should be the development of a special legal mechanism, for example, by spreading the practice of using objects under a lease contract. Based on the modern trends in the functioning and development of environmental law and its leading sub-branches - water and land, it is proved that when studying the contract for the lease of water (water objects), namely its legal nature, it is of great interest to clearly establish as its object, as well as essential features of the latter.
The ecological state of water objects on the territory of our country is characterized. It was found out that the main reason for the clear separation and legislative consolidation of the types of intended use when renting the mentioned objects is their functional purpose, since the components of the water ecosystem are interdependent and interconnected. It is proposed to bring in accordance with the provisions of the Water Code of Ukraine art. 59 of the Land Code of Ukraine, making changes to the list of types of targeted rental use. Proposals for improving the environmental (in particular, water and land) legislation of Ukraine regarding the legal basis of the water lease contract are substantiated.


Overview The major modern and historical uses for valerian are as a sedative and anxiolytic, but it is also used to treat "nervous stomach". Clinical trials have demonstrated that valerian extract is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate sleeping disorders and states of restlessness and tension. It significantly improves subjectively recalled sleep quality compared to placebo and shows a favorable adverse effect profile compared with other commonly prescribed sedative hypnotics and anxiolytics. However, most studies have been of short duration, with small and inadequately defined patient populations. Acute toxicity is limited to rare and mild gastrointestinal upset; animal studies have suggested that valerian may potentiate the effects of alcohol and barbiturates, but no human trials have confirmed these effects. Valerian should not be used within several hours of driving or operating heavy machinery. There are no studies specifically evaluating its safety during pregnancy, lactation or childhood.


Structure, in particular semiconductor structure, - with a substrate having a diamond or zinkselenidartige lattice structure, and - at least one insulating layer on the substrate, characterized in that in the region of the insulating layer - essentially all the atoms of the substrate are formed on the lattice positions of the substrate grating, the atoms of the uppermost substrate layer are dimerized as part of the substrate, and the substrate surface is free of silicide, so that occurring in the area of the substrate surface silicon atoms are associated with the substrate and not in combination forming a silicide with a more electropositive element; - at least one ion intermediate layer immediately adjacent to the substrate surface, the ions constituting the electropositive element with respect to silicon; and - at least one ion covering layer is formed on the interlayer ions.


[Objective]This paper aims to demonstrate the spatial autocorrelation and the pattern of soil pH value in order to find the main influencing environmental factors.[Methods]Classical statistics and 3Stechnology were used.[Results]The spatial distribution of soil pH value in different soil depth showed a highly positive spatial autocorrelation and had obvious spatial clusters,nearly no isolated distribution was found.The factors influencing the spatial distribution of soil pH value in different soil depth ranked as:vegetation coverage,rocky desertification and geological background.[Conclusion]The spatial heterogeneity of soil pH value was affected by the content of acid materials under different vegetation covers,and the influence of rocky desertification and geological background on soil pH value is a comprehensive reflection of typical karst environment.


Cloud platforms are increasingly using containers for lightweight virtualization. Unlike full system virtual machines (VMs) that each runs its own operating system, containers share a stateful operating system to reduce their memory footprint and execution overheads. However, mainstream operating systems are currently limited in their ability to customize a container's memory management, since they lack the necessary abstractions and mechanisms to accurately track and isolate a container's memory footprint. We propose a new abstraction, called the Container-Level Address Space (CLAS), that provides a unified view of a container's memory across all of its constituent processes. We present the design of ContainerVisor, a per-container resource management system that leverages CLAS to provide customized memory management services. We describe a ContainerVisor prototype on Linux for running unmodified applications and demonstrate three proof-of-concept customized services, namely process-level memory limits and reservations, container-specific page replacement policies, and privacy-aware memory de-allocation. Our evaluations show that ContainerVisor can provide these customized services within reasonable overheads.


The research of impact project-based instruction guided lesson study in Educational Research Methodology course has been conducted in 2010 until 2012. The research was focused to improve student achievement of learning outcomes in Educational Research Methodology course at Department of Biology, State University of Malang. The learning outcome was defined on three skill levels, understanding of educational research basic concept, creating of research proposal, and final grade. The research approach was classroom action research guided lesson study. The data is analyzed by comparing student score with the minimum requirement score and the improvement of score from cycle 1 to cycle 2 and cycle 3. The mean score of understanding research basic concept increase from cycle 1 to cycle 3. The implementation of project-based instruction guided lesson study improved the ability of students to create research proposal. The percentage of studentswho gotthe final gradeof A andA- increased from priorresearchtocycle1, cycle 2and cycle 3. On the contrary, percentageof studentswho have final gradeC, D,andEwere reduced.  The study showed that project-based instruction guided lesson study improved the ability of students to achieve learning outcomes, comprehend research basic concept, creating research proposal, and higher final grade


Paul Sietsema collects images of sailboats that he ,sometimes uses for drawings; he is attracted to their obvious conventional qualities and to how these very qualities can parallel particular situations in the social and aesthetic systems of art-making. The image on the front cover of this issue embodies duplication and competition. Two boats that look almost exactly the same take the same pose, occupy space the same way (sharing the material conditions of wind and sea), and execute the same maneuver, creating a static repetition framed in a flat compositional field. But an optical effect also contradicts this impression; the boats exist in photographic perspective, however shallow, making them oscillate between factual sameness and apparent difference in-sIie.lliatdifference is amplified by the subject of the photograph: the two boats are racing, in fact, "rather than static--single entities in competition, a poignant stand-in for artworks or artists. On the back cover is an image related to a series of drawings that Sietsema is working on titled Painter's Mussel, after a freshwater mussel (Unio pictorum) whose shell painters once used to hold paint. Found in most of Europe and the British Isles, it was primarily used in the Czech Republic, a painterly hotspot. The art tools are primers for Sietsema's larger drawing practice, which occasionally begins with him literally prying open a frame with a hammer and chisel to remove the photograph within. The artist's interest in photography or, more expansively, image-making is explored through various drawing processes (as well as 16mm film projects)-he slides between "graphic," "photograph," and "image" when speaking of the sources, original drawings, and reproductions he both uses and creates, and each work is a kind of sedimentation of all of these instantiations, itself asking to be pried apart. These antiquated tools also toy with the cliche of artists' tools and materials as symbols in the digital age "(such as the paint bucket icon in Photoshop); the content of each new medium is structured and layered by.one it supersedes. Sietsema's art is always intensely formal and proper to both its commonly perceivable content and its immediate context, and his project for Art Journal is no exception. The front cover is an ideogram (you figure it out); the back cover relates to acts of framing and opening-and perhaps evacuation-performed by the physical journal itself, as well as the art-historical operations performed within.


This paper sets out to provide a critical analysis of different poststructuralist-discourse schools in terms of their contribution to the shaping of the cultural phenomenon which goes by the name of postmodernity. By examining various fields of work in the field of postmodernity discourse-analysis - and which have been summed up in three tendencies: intertextualist, constructivist and deconstruccionist - the authors attempt to appraise their real potential for contributing to social knowledge, also highlighting the danger of confounding practices of text- and discourse-analysis and interpretation with an alleged postmodern phase of social research. The authors come out in favour of a sociological analysis of these discourses as a form of critical reconstruction, basically linked with the status and historical contextualisation of the enunciation; interpretation based, therefore, on the social force and on the specific communicative spaces which articulate and frame the discourses of the specific actors as significant practices


A survey has been conducted among 980 Gelao teenagers at Luocheng High School and Luocheng Middle School in Luocheng Gelao Autonomous County of Guangxi Province through ethnic identity questionnaire and life satisfaction scale.The results show that teenagers in Gelao ethnic area have a higher identity of the Chinese Nation than that of their own ethnic group; there is a significant difference among ethnic identity,Chinese national identity and life satisfaction,there is a significant age difference between ethnic identity and Chinese national identity,both ethnic identity and Chinese national identity are significantly correlated with life satisfaction; and Chinese national identity has a significant positive prediction of life satisfaction.


Heat exchanger configuration and equipment selection and design of evaporators design considerations and reboilers air-cooled heat exchangers cryogenic heat exchangers cooling towers refractories and furnaces drying and thermal processing equipment heating and ventillating equipment insulated piping and jacketing.


Homochiral iron(ii)-based nanotubular metal phosphonates (R)- and (S)-[Fe(pemp)(H2O)2] [pemp2- = (R)- or (S)-(1-phenylethylamino)methylphosphonate] are reported showing metamagnetism at low temperature. The dehydrated product features coordinatively unsaturated and redox-active metal ion sites that enable it to strongly bind nitric oxide at room temperature.


linear optimization model. Comparative Inventory Simulation, a discrete event simulation model, is designed to find fill rates achieved for each National Item Identification Number under the different reorder methods. We find that average fill rates are higher in 22 out of 24 cases, and average backorder lengths are up to 50% shorter, using the last method. ABSTRACT The Navy Supply Systems Command holds $21 billion of inventory across 430,000 repair part line items in support of ongoing naval operations. Selecting the correct reorder point for each of those line items requires a careful balance between tying up precious funding by holding too much inventory that may not be issued, and not holding enough inventory to meet customer demands in a timely fashion. This thesis compares three different methods for selecting the reorder point. The first method is a calculation that offers no attempt at optimization, but is simple to understand. The second method is provided by a contractor, and uses some optimization with unknown algorithmic details. The last method is a mixed-integer, linear optimization model. Comparative Inventory Simulation, a discrete event simulation model, is designed to find fill rates achieved for each National Item Identification Number under the different reorder methods. We find that average fill rates are higher in 22 out of 24 cases, and average backorder lengths are up to 50% shorter, using the last method.


Welford (1959) has suggested that changes attributable to age are the result of the interaction between the organism and its experience and that "it is seldom possible to unravel the precise contributions of one or other factor, at any rate in human studies." However, in attempting to account for marked differences in levels of performance, in rates of improvement, and in susceptibility to interference between different control-display relations on a turretpursuit apparatus, Shephard and Lewis (1950) suggested that prior experience was a relevant variable which could partially account for such differences. This was not an explanation in the sense that prior learning in this study had been systematically observed, but only that the task with the markedly superior performance seemed to be characterized by relations between manipulations of the control and movements of the target follower (control-display relations) which were consistent with similar relations in everyday experience. Control-display relations for the second task were opposite to those for the first task. It was thought that the operator began practice with "expectations" as to which direction the spot moved for a given control movement, and that these directional habits were developed earlier. The child early learns that a movement of his hand to the right moves objects right, clockwise rotation of steering wheels on toy cars, etc., changes the direction of movement to the right, etc. As a result of a number of consistencies of this kind, an expected or "natural" direction of movement of the environment for a given movement of the hand develops. In any new situation, behavior resulting from these previously developed expectations will appear to the extent that it seems appropriate to S in terms of his previous learning. Since total opportunity to make these consistent environmental manipulations generally increases with age, chronological age should provide a reasonable estimate of the strength of directional expectation. On the basis of the prior learning of directional relations hypothesis we would predict that the strength of the expectation would increase from age zero to older ages in much the same fashion as the typical negatively accelerated learning curve, becoming asymptotic at the upper ages. Further, following the suggestion of Deininger and Fitts


This paper describes how data from NEEA's Residential Building Stock Assessment (RBSA) yields insights into residential heating energy patterns. The method is a type of calibrated simulation, but the application is different from the usual calibration exercise. While many calibrations are based on detailed models of a small number of complicated buildings or systems, our application is based on a large number of coarsely-modeled single-family homes. The RBSA database (Baylon et al. 2011) provides detailed audit data for 1404 singlefamily homes in the Pacific Northwest. Based on this data, we use SEEM 94, a simulation engine designed to streamline energy modelling for single-family homes, to simulate heating energy for individual homes in the RBSA. The SEEM-based estimates only know about physical building characteristics and climate, while billing-analysis estimates are entirely based on actual consumption. Interesting and quantifiable patterns emerge when the two estimates are compared for several hundred homes. These patterns help us understand why some expected savings can evade even the most thorough evaluation.


1. Introduction 2. A Theory of Political Corruption 3. A History of Caribbean Political Corruption 1492-1950 4. Contemporary Caribbean Political Corruption 5. Jamaica: Westminster Corrupted 6. Costa Rica: Democracy Manipulated 7. Conclusion


In this work, we use some concepts of graph theory to propose an alignment-free method for DNA sequence similarity analysis based on genetic codes. Our approach gives an effective and unique representation for each DNA sequences. In addition, according to our method, we give a numerical characterization of DNA sequences. This characterization facilitates quantitative comparisons of similarities/dissimilarities analysis of DNA sequences based on codons.


Background. Early gastric cancer can be treated by endoscopic excision or simple wedge surgical resection. Standard gastrectomy often is advised if submucosal invasion is found, even though only 15–25% of these patients have lymph node metastases. In this study, the risk of lymph node involvement was examined by multivariate analysis to develop a simple discriminant function for surgical decision making in this setting.


Historically used in radar applications to distinguish between enemy and friendly aircraft the concept of radio frequency identification evolved into a very different application in the early 1980's for identifying pigs. Not surprisingly, these transponders became popularly known as pig tags and again, further evolution is leading to many different, and, on first examination, unusual applications. One, which perhaps gives an idea of the future is an application used to tag the thirteen thousand participants of the 1995 Berlin Marathon, to track, amongst other things, finishing position and time. A further technological enhancement to the tag has been the incorporation of a very low power non-volatile memory that can be written to and erased many times over. This paper describes the architecture, systems principle and implementation of a tag in the form of a single integrated circuit implemented in EM Microelectronic's 2¿m, low-power CMOS technology; and, which allows contactless identification, where, the user can alter the identification code many number of times. Because of the very low power consumption the results showed a writing distance almost equal to the reading distance.


The introduction of video-assisted imaging system amplifies the function of thoracoscopy. It cannot only magnify the image with the aid of better instruments, but also share the images with all people performing this procedure. The term video-assisted thoracic surgery is used to describe these minimally invasive surgical techniques that nowadays represent a valid alternative to open procedures for many chest diseases. It should be regarded as a part of the basic armamentarium of the new generations of thoracic surgeons. VATS has multiple advantages over traditional thoracotomy including less postoperative pain, shorter hospital lengths of stay, earlier recovery of respiratory function especially in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the elderly and overall reduced cost. Video-assisted techniques have proven useful for the performance of a broad spectrum of thoracic surgical procedures.


Arabica coffee is known for its unique taste and aroma. This coffee variety contributed majority of coffee production in the world. However, arabica coffee and other coffee varieties are prone to extinction because of several reasons including climate change, drought, diseases and issues in identification of nutritional deficiencies. Nutritional deficiencies are identified and classified manually with an expert to validate the visual symptoms occurred in the coffee leaves. On the other hand, the utilization of image processing to analyze images as well as data mining is a strong combination for classification. Therefore, this study was conducted to classify the nutritional deficiencies in arabica coffee plants including Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) using image processing and data mining. The images of 2045 instances with 1001 features undergone image processing techniques such as image acquisition, image pre-processing and image analysis. The 70% of data was for training and 30% was for testing using Waikato Environment of Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) and Orange Visual Programming. Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neural Network (ANN) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) served as the classifiers of two classes. Results shows that SVM has the highest AUC of 1.000 and CA, F1, Precision and Recall of 0.983. The Correctly Classified Instances (CCI) is 98.73% and Incorrectly Classified Instances (ICI) is 1.27%. Further, the Kappa statistics of 0.97 shows an almost perfect value of agreement and implies that the classifier is better in coffee plants leave classification together with image processing.


Modern dav DVD processors are classic e.ram& of system-on-chip (SoC) devigns that grew in an incremental fashion over a long period of development. Performance evolnation of s7rch systems consisting of mnltiple heterogeneous processors at the architectural level is a/airl,v complu and time-consuming efort. The traditional approacli qfwing cycle accurate simulotors is slow in sim~ilution speed and is d;ffirzilt in terms ofintegrating tlie SoC model. Al.so, in mony insiunces, siich models are not necessau?, since certain architectriral .fC;utzires snch as the processor interconnection and ronting nehvorks or memou?, system inierfbces are the ones to he determined in ear& design stage.x In this paper. u'e look at performance evaluation of such an SoC for DVD processing hv means of transaction level models zising Sy.7-


Experimental data for the leaching of glucose, potassium and magnesium from French fry cut Maine Russet Burbank and Maine Katahdin potatoes were modeled over the temperature range 45–90°C., using a one-parameter diffusion equation based on Fick's second law. Correlations for the dependence of the resulting effective diffusion coefficients on temperature were determined. At temperatures greater than 60°C., plots of the diffusion coefficients as a function of temperature showed a change in slope or a discontinuity in the slope of the curve. This reflected the change in the diffusion matrix which occurred when the starch began to gelatinize. The effect of cultivar differences on values of the diffusion coefficients might be linked to the concentrations of starch and electrolytes in the potato.


In the era of rapid technology development it is only a matter of time when majority of devices will become inter-connected. At that point a concept of Internet of Things will become a reality, and ...


Quantitative analysis of perfusion imaging using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) is achieved through a series of processing steps, starting with the raw data acquired from the MRI scanner, and involves a combination of physics, mathematics, engineering and statistics. The purpose of the dcemriS4 package is to provide a collection of functions that move the experimental data through all steps of the data analysis pipeline using standard data formats that may be visualized and manipulated across a wide variety of software packages.


Abstract Recycling is a key strategy to reduce the environmental impact associated with industrial resource use. Recent improvements in materials recovery technologies offer the possibility for recouping additional value from recycling. However, incorporation of secondary raw materials into production may be constrained by operational complexity in two-stage blending processes. In this paper, we derive an analytical solution to demonstrate the importance of integrated planning (IP) approaches for two-stage blending operations in recycling. Our results suggest that the quality of materials obtained from the first stage strongly influences performance in the second stage. Current disjointed planning (DP) approaches in the recycling industry, where individual stages are independently planned without decision-making about intermediate blend design, overlook this interaction and, therefore, make conservative use of lower quality materials. We develop an IP model using a formulation of the pooling problem and apply it to an industrial-scale aluminum recycling facility located in Europe. The results suggest that the IP model can reduce material costs by more than 5%, for the case examined, and can enable increased use of undervalued raw materials. This study also investigates the impact of variations in operational conditions on the benefits of IP.


The objective of the current study was to extend previous observations and examine the expression pattern and effects of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF␣) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on embryonic testis morphogenesis and growth. The expression of TGF␣ was determined after morphological sex determination (seminiferous cord formation at embryonic day 13 [ED13]) through perinatal testis development (postnatal day 5 [PD5]) with a quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedure. Expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for TGF␣ appeared to be more dynamic during testis development when compared with the expression of mRNA for EGFR. Message for TGF␣ was reduced at ED16 and PD4, and was elevated at PD0 during testis development. In contrast, EGFR mRNA levels were negligible at ED15 and were elevated constitutively from ED16 through PD5. Immunohistochemistry was conducted at ED14, ED16, ED19, PD0, PD3, and PD5 to localize cellular expression of both TGF␣ and EGFR. At ED16, positive staining for EGFR was localized to the cords, and by ED19, was mainly in the cords with slight expression in the interstitium. From PD0 to PD5, positive staining for EGFR was detected in the germ, Sertoli, and interstitial cells. Immunohisto-chemistry for TGF␣ detected localization at ED14 and ED16 to the Sertoli cells and to specific cells in the interstitium. From ED19 through PD5, TGF␣ was detected in the Sertoli, germ, and interstitial cells, and in endothelial cells within the interstitium. To determine the effects of TGF␣ on embryonic testis growth and seminiferous cord formation, ED13 testis organ cultures were treated with sense and antisense TGF␣ oligonucleotides. Antisense TGF␣ inhibited tes-tis growth by 25%–30% in ED13 testis organ cultures when compared with sense oligonucleotide control pairs. To examine the effects of TGF␣ on perinatal testis growth, PD0 testis cultures were treated with different doses of TGF␣. TGF␣ increased thymidine incorporation into DNA in PD0 testis cultures. Therefore, TGF␣ appears to have actions on both embryonic and perinatal testis growth. The regulation of TGF␣ and EGFR mRNA levels were examined using PD0 testis cultures treated with hormones that stimulate testis growth. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulated (P Ͻ .05) and testosterone tended to stimulate (P Ͻ .07) mRNA expression of EGFR. Epidermal growth factor stimulation of PD0 testis cultures did not affect levels of mRNA expression for EGFR, but did suppress expression of mRNA for TGF␣. These results taken together demonstrate that TGF␣ can act to regulate early embryonic and perinatal testis …


This paper describes a high voltage high power DC power supply which has the ability of pulsed mode operation. The power supply is constructed with several series connected power converters based on modified multilevel converters. The modified multilevel converters are suitable for the protection of frequent output short-circuit The output dc power of the proposed converter can be disconnected from the load within several hundred microseconds at the instant of short-circuit fault The using time of the dc load voltage is as small as several hundred microseconds, and there is no overshoot of the dc voltage because the dc output capacitors keep undischarged state Analysis, simulations, and experiments are carried out to investigate the operation and usefulness of the proposed scheme


In the current scenario, Copyright Protection of the digital media is a serious issue and watermarking is an important method of protecting the intellectual property and copyright of the digital media. In this paper, we proposed a robust and secure algorithm SWEA (Split Watermark Embedding Algorithm) for digital videos. SWEA has three important parts, first one is splitting of original watermark into small pieces, second is embedding of the small pieces of watermark into the detail coefficients of identical frames (I Frames)of digital video and the third is extracted these small pieces and merge them in an efficient manner. Watermark data is inserted into the detail coefficients in an adaptive manner based on the energy of high frequency. The proposed algorithm has undergone various attacks, such as compression, uniform noise, Gaussian noise frame repetition and frame averaging attacks. The proposed algorithm, sustain all the above attacks and offers improved performance compared with the other methods from the literature.


Two methods to determine sodium sulfate decahydrate,ie.titration method and gravimetric method,are discussed and compared.Accuracy and reproducibility of the gravimetric method are proved to be better,and it is more suitable for the determination of sodium sulfate decahydrate content in mirabilite produced in Heilongjiang Haohua Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.


Parameter sensitivity analysis is an important method for the geotechnical back analysis problems,and the study for displacements and pore pressures against seepage-stress coupling parameters takes a crucial role in the study.Current literatures on the analysis of parameter sensitivity are only about single factor change method unable to take into account multi-factors change.Aiming at the multi-parameters sensitivity analysis of seepage-stress coupling model,a new method for evaluating the sensitivity of system parameters is put forward using Spearman coefficient in non-parameter statistics in this paper.Considering the actual case of radioactive waste disposal in the deep Boom clay formation in Belgium,the parameters effect on displacements and pore pressures around the tunnel are analyzed in detail.The presented method can provide the references for the influence of tunnel drainage on geological environment and back analysis of surrounding rock.


This paper describes a way of automatically detecting the timing for the superimposition of closed captions on TV programs that use electronic manuscripts. Speech is discriminated from music to decrease the number of false alarms and the amount of speech data within which a search must be carried out. Timing is then detected serially from the first sentence to the last sentence of a program by using a phonetically HMM-based word spotter. After all timing has been determined, it is checked for errors and revised. Detection rates of 96.9% and 98.5% were obtained for allowable timing errors of one and three seconds on the aired documentary programs.


Due to diversity of services with respect to technology and resources, it is challenging to choose virtual machines (VM) from various data centres with varied features like cost minimization, reduced energy consumption, optimal response time and so on in cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) environment. The solutions available in the market are exhaustive computationally and aggregates multiple objectives to procure single trade-off that affects the solution quality inversely. This paper describes a hybrid algorithm that facilitates VM selection for scheduling applications based on Gravitational Search and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (GSA and NSGA). The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified by the simulation results.


Objective To investigate the combined method of reversing human colon cancer resistant strains multidrug resistance mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine.Methods To determine the 5-FU of the experimental group and the control group cell cytotoxicity by MTT method,determination of the half inhibitory concentration,the reversal index calculation,and determination of intracellular Rhodamine flow cytometry retention concentration,namely stranded concentration P-glycoprotein.Results The traditional Chinese and Western medicine can significantly increased the killing effect of chemotherapy drugs on colon cancer drug-resistant cell(P0.05),reversed themulti-drug resistance,reversal index was 2.92,and could reduce the P glycoprotein on the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs.Conclusion Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on colon cancer multidrug resistance reversal effect,its mechanism may be associated with traditional Chinese medicine compositions to inhibit P-glycoprotein efflux effect,worthy of further research and development.


Using the dispersion relation and the characteristic matrix method the mode band gap of TE wave and TM wave in 1Dcylindrical photonic crystal waveguide are studied.Response curves of the mode band gap of TE wave and TM wave versus dispersion strength and dispersion thickness are obtained.Dispersion strength and dispersion thickness can produce apparent effect on the mode band gap.Using these laws can effectively control the mode band gap of TE wave and TM wave in 1Dcylindrical photonic crystal waveguide.


OBJECTIVES
Health literacy is often poor among trauma patients. We introduced an educational mobile application to newly injured patients. We hypothesized that patients who utilized the app would be more informed about their injury and treatment recommendations, and that app users would demonstrate greater adherence to treatment recommendations.

DESIGN
Prospective, cohort study.

SETTING
Level 1 trauma centerPatients/participants: Adult patients with acute orthopaedic injury.

INTERVENTION
App with educational information about injuries, treatment, and recovery. bit.ly/traumaapp.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
Survey regarding knowledge about injury and treatment, and adherence to recommendations.

RESULTS
339 patients were enrolled: 187 received information about the app; 105 of them used the app. Another 234 patients had no prior knowledge about the app. App users were more often female (56.2% vs. 37.6%, p=0.002). App users were more likely to have completed college (34.3% vs. 13.7%, p<0.0001). Better health literacy was noted among app users in all measurements, including knowledge of: fracture location (69% vs. 39%, p<0.0001), treatment (100% vs. 93%, p=0.002), weightbearing status (96% vs. 88%, p=0.001), estimated healing time (63% vs. 26%, p<0.0001), and DVT prophylaxis (93% vs. 81%, p=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients who used the app were more likely to have accurate knowledge in all assessed categories, with over 99% reporting adherence to weightbearing recommendations. It is probable that this level of knowledge and engagement will enhance various outcomes after injury.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.


The concept of remote sensing is to study the properties of Earth's objects by recording its reflection. Development in remote sensing has been consistent in the past few decades ranging from optical to microwave domains. Classification is the process of extracting information about the characteristics of the objects present on the Earth's surface. Selection of suitable classification algorithm is dependent on the environmental conditions and the distribution of land units. An attempt has been made to classify coastal agro-climatic zone IRS-p6/LISS III and arid agro-climatic zone Landsat-8 data sets using two spectral classifiers: Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Spectral Information Divergence (SID) classifiers. Accuracy assessment was performed to study the potential of the classifiers. The results of the classifiers has been analysed with respect to the spectral characteristics of the data sets. This study analyses the effect of spectral overlapping on classification accuracy. Homogenous data set produced higher accuracy values for all classifiers considered.


Objective:To observe the effects of enthanol extract from Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata with different concentrations on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells SGC7901.Methods: After coculturing SGC7901 cells with enthanol extract from Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata(1mg/ml,0.5mg/ml,0.25mg/ml,0.125mg/ml),inverted microscope was utilized to observe morpholog-ical changes;The cell viability was evaluated with MTT chromatometry and cell growth curve was generated;The activity of total ATPase of each groups were evaluated with UV spectrophotometric determination;Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium io-dide double label method was used to detect apoptosis rate of SGC7901 cells.Results: The proliferation of SGC7901 cells can be sharply inhibited by enthanol extract from Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata with different concentration;After treating with enthanol extract from Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata,cellular morphology changed,including brim of cell wall roughening and cell volumes shrinkening,which result in a decline in diopter and the abilty of adhenrence to plate surface;It was observed by flow cytometry that enthanol extract from Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata can induced SGC7901 cells apoptosis.The activity of total ATPase decreased significantly after coculturing SG7901 cells with drugs for 72h.The all effect of enthanol extract from Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata can be enhanced with the increase of its dose.Conclusion: Enthanol extract from Rhizome Pinelliae Preparata can inhibit the SGC7901 cells proliferation and induce cell apoptosis,decrease the activity of total ATPase.


TRANSYS (TRANsportation SYStem) is a multidisciplinary modularly structured, interactive software system for preliminary design, analysis, and evaluation for a broad range of future space transportation systems. Modules being integrated in the present version, TRANSYS 1.1, are aerodynamics, propulsion, trajectory analysis, geometry, mass estimation, and cost and economics. Each module consists of several application programs and databases. To provide the necessary high degree of flexibility, each module can be applied individually. In the scope of an iterative vehicle design and optimization process, a group of selectable modules has to be executed successively. The data management and the interaction between the individual modules is controlled by an engineering database system. Expendable and reusable launch vehicles with rocket propulsion as well as orbital transfer vehicles can be designed, analyzed, or evaluated with the present version, TRANSYS 1.1.


The LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) model is an unsupervised learning model that can extract potential topics in the corpus. It is widely used in natural language processing applications. The combination of SVM (Support Vector Machines) and LDA has better text classification effect. However, because the mature kernel function of SVM and its parameter selection can only be selected according to experience, with certain randomness, it has a great influence on classification accuracy. This paper proposes an optimized LDA-SVM text classification method using Particle Swarm optimization (PSO). The algorithm (PSO) optimizes the SVM error penalty parameter C to improve the LDA-SVM text classification algorithm. The experimental results show that the LDA-PSO-SVM text classification algorithm proposed in this paper has higher accuracy and better classification performance than other algorithms.


The reliability of a navigation system is one of the critical requirements for air or automotive navigation. In order to increase the reliability of the navigation system, failures or faults resulting from the malfunctions of the system should be detected and repaired to keep the system possessing high integrity. This leads to a need for developing high assurance GPS monitoring system which should be an absolutely necessary part of the system. The particle filter (PF) is a method based on Monte Carlo technique designed for nonlinear and non- Gaussian state estimation. In this paper, the PF is employed to GPS signal integrity monitoring. The primary objective of this research is over the safety in navigation with GPS and possibility that a GPS satellite transmits an erroneous navigation signal to the user. The monitoring system has to provide timely warnings to the user and indicates when it should not be used.


Particle agglomeration is one of the obstacles for successful application and commercial breakthrough of fluidized bed biomass gasification. The problem is generally associated with molten ash components that interact with the bed particles, forming agglomerates that interfere with the flow behavior. In this work experimental and computational study are combined in order to gain more insight into the fluid dynamics in a bubbling fluidized bed gasifier. The goal is to develop a Computational Particle Fluid Dynamic (CPFD) model that can be used in further investigations of the correlation between flow behavior and bed agglomeration during biomass gasification in fluidized beds. The experimental part was performed in a 20 kW laboratory scale bubbling fluidized bed system. The commercial CPFD software Barracuda Virtual Reactor (VR) version 17.4.1 was used for the computational study. Simulation results were compared to the experimental data in order to validate the CPFD model. Pressure drops predicted by the simulations were in good agreement with the experimental measurements, which indicate that the model is well capable of studying the fluid dynamics in a fluidized bed system.


In this study, with the aim of improving bystander CPR support using a smartphone and a smartwatch, we evaluated six feedback methods considering practical situations. Since CPR is sometimes required to be conducted in a noisy place, each method was evaluated with 50dB and 80dB noise environments, which correspond to a silent office and a noisy construction site, respectively. Also, considering the requirement for a bystander to maintain the safety of him/herself and in order to give appropriate care to the patient, the capability of noticing change in patient condition during CPR was evaluated. From the evaluation results, the best feedback method is a method that uses voice, a metronome sound and a graphic display on a smartphone and vibration and graphic display on a smartwatch if both a smartphone and a smartwatch are available. Interestingly, if only a smartphone is used, the result shows that feedback using only voice is better than the one using voice and clicking sounds. These results are the same no matter whether the noise is loud or quiet. Moreover, with regard to the subjective feeling, feedback using only a smartwatch is worse than other methods, and it is recommended to use in conjunction with a smartphone.


In the coastal Rabai region of southeast Kenya, two populations of mosquitoes live within a half mile of each other but lead separate and curiously different lifestyles. Entomologists in the mid-20th century found that color distinguished the two subspecies of Aedes aegypti ( Aedes aegypti aegypti are brown and Aedes aegypti formosa are black) as well as the hosts they chose for blood meals. The "domestic" brown form frequented people's homes, preferentially feeding on people and laying their eggs in indoor water receptacles. Meanwhile, the black-colored "forest" form roamed the nearby woods preferring to bite nonhuman animals and lay its eggs in tree trunk holes.

This light sheet microscope image of an adult female Anopheles gambiae mosquito includes genetic labeling to show olfactory neurons (green). The antennae, maxillary palp, and labella on the proboscis contain many such neurons. Image courtesy of Olena Riabinina, Courtney Akitake, and Chris Potter (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore).

Following up on these reports some 50 years later as a postdoctoral fellow at The Rockefeller University in New York, Lindy McBride saw an opportunity to examine this natural case study with modern genetic tools. The feeding habits of Aedes aegypti aegypti make it a dangerously efficient vector for spreading yellow fever, dengue, Zika, and other diseases between humans. The other subspecies poses much less of a threat.

To understand why, McBride traveled to Rabai to collect mosquito larvae and pupae from people's homes and the nearby woods. She wanted to compare the two mosquitoes genetically and discover what changes had led the more recently evolved domestic form to hunt humans.

Back at Rockefeller in the laboratory of her then-postdoctorate advisor Leslie Vosshall, McBride raised 30 strains of mosquitoes from the samples and used RNA sequencing to compare the genes expressed in their antennae (a major …


Unlike Financial Accounting, Managerial Accounting, Tax Accounting and Auditing, Accounting Information Systems as an academic discipline is not currently focused on training students to enter a discrete professional field. This lack of focus is not demand-driven as an increasingly dire need exists for IT auditors, as well as systems developers with accounting knowledge. One hurdle preventing expansion of AIS curriculum to prepare accounting students to serve as IT auditors and IT architects is the need for a unifying framework that circumscribes relevant professional competencies. This article introduces such a framework and proposes a corresponding academic discipline that combines accounting and auditing with systems design and control: Accounting Architecture.


Background :-Anaemia in pregnancy is very common in India and one of the major cause of maternal mortality. Gujarat having majority of population, vegetarian that has non-haem Iron which is less absorbed. Pregnancy leads to physiological anaemia but may turn into pathological anaemia in advanced pregnancy. Methodology :-In the present study Haematological parameters 100 pregnant females in advanced pregnancy (of gestational age 32 to 40 weeks) were analyzed and the results were compared with that obtained in 25 controlled cases which were of reproductive age group and same range of age as pregnant females. Result :- As per our study ,out of 100 cases 15 cases having Hb level between 10.1 to 12 grams which could be considered as normal according to the


Tree height is a fundamental parameter for describing the forest situation and changes. The latest development of automatic Digital Surface Model (DSM) generation techniques allows new approaches of forest change detection from satellite stereo imagery. This paper shows how DSMs can support the change detection in forest area. A novel region based forest change detection method is proposed using single-channel CARTOSAT-1 stereo imagery. In the first step, DSMs from two dates are generated based on automatic matching technology. After co-registration and normalising by using LiDAR data, the mean-shift segmentation is applied to the original pan images, and the images of both dates are classified to forest and non-forest areas by analysing their histograms and height differences. In the second step, a rough forest change detection map is generated based on the comparison of the two forest map. Then the GLCM texture from the nDSM and the Cartosat-1 images of the resulting regions are analyzed and compared, the real changes are extracted by SVM based classification.


Various phosphorus species in sand grains with different sizes from Heifengkou are studied with improved sequential extraction method.The results show that the concentration of total phosphorus(TP)in Heifengkou sand is from 828.49μg/g to 1915.38μg/g,with main composition of Ca-P.In the sand samples with different particle sizes,Ca-P is the most abundant specie with 81.42%~93.66% in TP;Org-P,the second abundant specie is 2.92%~9.29% in TP.The other speciation,in turn,are Al-P,Ex-P,Fe-P and Obs-P.The contents of TP,Ca-P,Org-P,Ex-P increase with decreasing in sand particle size,but Obs-P and Fe-P are contrary.


This chapter highlights the key drivers of data-driven innovation (DDI), today a widespread socioeconomic phenomenon. It documents the key trends leading to the adoption of data and analytics across the economy, which are related to i) data generation and collection, ii) data processing and analysis, and iii) data-driven decision making. It also shows how the confluence of these trends is leading to the "industrialisation" of knowledge creation and a paradigm shift in decision making towards decision automation. The chapter then highlights the limitations of data-driven decision making, and concludes with a discussion of the key policy implications.
 LinkToContentAt: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264229358-7-en Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: trade secrets [2] welfare [3] copyright [4] adoption [5] digital economy [6] energy [7] health care [8] big data [9] knowledge brokers [10] broadband [11] legal uncertainty [12] libraries [13] migration [14] open innovation [15] open science [16] pandemic [17] partnering [18] cloud computing [19] science skills [20] Parent URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264229358-en [21]


In training counseling students, it is increasingly important to acquaint them with the clinical research literature exploring the efficacy of particular treatments. This review of empirically supported treatments (EST's) concerning psychophysiological disorders and chronic pain is intended to facilitate the educational process. EST's, or evidence-based treatments, are based on studies recommended by the American Psychological Association (APA). To qualify for inclusion in the EST listing, research must have shown that the treatment leads to a reduction or remission of the disorder or problem at a rate higher than occurs with the passage of time or that it outperforms an alternative active treatment. Knowledge that a treatment has been shown to be efficacious should affect decisions about how one practices psychotherapy. The use of treatment guidelines and EST's in managed care psychotherapy is presented. The paper further discusses advances in chronic pain assessment and treatment as well as treatment comparisons; lists diagnostically relevant outcome measures; presents summaries of research on EST's for psychophysiological disorders and psychological treatment approaches for irritable bowel syndrome; and describes treatments and outcome measures for migraines and tension headaches. Other disorders are discussed briefly. A list of empirically supported treatments is appended. (MKA) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


The aim of this paper is to introduce several types of connectedness in P-cubic topological spaces. This construction is based on the idea of cubic sets developed by Y.B.Jun. We also investigate some interrelations between these types of connectedness with some examples.


This paper expatiated and discussed that the main purpose, the scheme, estimation of steam supply capability and the availability of initial startup of Qinshan II 650MW nuclear unit with non-nuclear steam. This paper also Analyzed the test result and main issue and bringed forward cognition and experience.


The Beaverhead impact structure in SW Montana and Idaho is an allochthonous fragment of a large impact structure ({approximately} 100 km diameter) that was transported some distance eastward during the Cretaceous Sevier orogeny. It is the first tectonic fragment of a large impact structure identified in the geologic record. The present evidence for impact consists of shatter cones, pseudotachylites, and planar deformation features in quartz. The age of the impact is not well constrained but is estimated to be Neoproterozoic to Cambrian (1000-500 Ma). The Beaverhead impact event must have created other features that may be preserved, elsewhere in western Montana and Idaho. These include proximal and distal ejecta (which may be misinterpreted as diamictites and/or tuff horizons) and other fragments of the crater floor containing shatter cones and pseudotachylite. A large circular gravity, magnetic and topographic anomaly, which could be the root of the impact structure, has been identified near Challis, Idaho. An enigmatic lithic tuff, identified in drill cores from the Challis area and an intraformational quartzite breccia in the Leaton Gulch area may be impact-related deposits, but no definitive evidence of shock metamorphism has been observed in these materials. The discovery of more pieces of the Beaverheadmore » puzzle, as well as the recognition of other large impacts in the geologic record, are likely once the regional geologic community grows to accept the incidence of such events and becomes more familiar with the features of shock metamorphism in the field. To that end, the community of geologists in this area should integrate the Beaverhead structure into their research and teaching curriculum.« less


The equation is valid for the physiological values of [Pi], [NADPH] and [NADP] listed in Table S1, and these concentrations are included in the numerical values. We assumed that the rate in the forward direction (AspP → ASA) was proportional to [AspP] and that the rate in the reverse direction (ASA → AspP) was proportional to [ASA]. These assumptions were verified a posteriori because [ASA] and [AspP] steadystate concentrations in the model were much lower than the apparent Km of ASADH for [ASA] and [AspP]. Rate constants for the forward and the reverse directions correspond to the apparent specificity constants (kcat/Km) for AspP and for ASA, respectively.


The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic feasibility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis in eye swabs from patients with conjunctivitis, and to establish the basic technique of the PCR for epidemiological survey. The results of the PCR were compared with the Mikro Trak immunofluorescence assay (IFA). From 49 specimens of patients with conjunctivitis, 31 were found positive by PCR (63%) and 23 by IFA (47%). On the other hand, in 10 normal eye specimens and 10 non-Chlamydia trachoma conjunctivitis specimens no Chlamydia,trachomatis was detected.


In this paper, a method of setting and checking dynamic rules is proposed.With this method, one can flexibly switch the work mode of an intelligent measurement and control system without changing the main body of the system's program. It requires fewest system resources while improving the efficency and reliability of the system.Moreover it provides a effective solution to set and check dynamic rules,a difficult problem in intelligent measurement and control systems. The details of its implementation are provided here.This method can be used in many other applications.


The utility model relates to a solar protective sleeve for an electronic reader. Containing space is formed in the protective sleeve so that the electronic reader can be arranged in the sleeve. The protective sleeve is further provided with a keyboard, a solar power supply device is arranged at the bottom of the containing space of the protective space and above a board face of the keyboard in a combining mode. A transmitting hole is arranged in the protective sleeve and connected with the solar power supply device in an electrical mode. The transmitting hole is connected with a transmitting connector at one end of a wire in an inserting mode. A connector of the electronic reader at the other end of the wire is inserted in an inserting hole in the electronic reader. Therefore, the solar power supply device is used for receiving solar light source or lamp light source to generate electricity for the electronic reader. By means of the structure, the protective sleeve improves use convenience of the electronic reader.


This article is an outgrowth of a more comprehensive project to provide a detailed account for the results announced in [13], [14]. In these reports a relation between simple elliptic singularities in the sense of Saito [22] and certain holomorphic Kac-Moody loop groups LG is established which generalizes a well known theorem of Brieskorn [6], cf. also [26], relating simple singularities of type A , D , E and the corresponding simple algebraic groups G. An important ingredient in the derivation of Brieskorn's result is the orbital geometry of the unipotent variety U(G) of G, especially in the neighborhood of a subregular unipotent orbit. In our generalization, the unipotent variety U(G) is replaced by an 'unstable' variety U(LG) in LG whose orbital geometry can be described, essentially


Biomass conversion processes such as pretreatment, liquefaction, and pyrolysis often produce complex mixtures of intermediates that are a substantial challenge to analyze rapidly and reliably. To characterize these streams more comprehensively and efficiently, new techniques are needed to track species through biomass deconstruction and conversion processes. Here, we present the application of an emerging analytical method, gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), to quantify a suite of acids in a complex, biomass-derived streams from alkaline pretreatment of corn stover. GEMBE offers distinct advantages over common chromatography-spectrometry analytical approaches in terms of analysis time, sample preparation requirements, and cost of equipment. As demonstrated here, GEMBE is able to track 17 distinct compounds (oxalate, formate, succinate, malate, acetate, glycolate, protocatechuate, 3-hydroxypropanoate, lactate, glycerate, 2-hydroxybutanoate, 4-hydroxybenzoate, vanillate, p-coumarate, ...


1 When dealing with Swedish tort law history, the year 2009 will maybe not be reckoned among the most tumultuous and pioneering chapters in the eternal book. Nevertheless, some clarifications of discursive value were made. Only a few cases have been selected here, to illustrate how a pragmatic way of reasoning may open up a couple of traditional concepts, definitions and main rules (concerning causality and third party losses) as well as the nowadays constantly debated big principles of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Therefore, the title – or subheading – of this article should read 'Relevance or Irrelevance of Grand Narratives and Fixed Concepts in Tort Law'.


HIV may be considered as a differential diagnosis for patients who present with prolonged fever and respiratory symptoms. During the COVID-19 pandemic, several patients from our institution have had a simultaneous screening test for serum HIV antigen/antibodies as well as a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) on presentation to the hospital. While the molecular results often have a delayed turnaround time in light of increased testing volume, HIV screen performed as a chemiluminescent immunoassay on our Abbott Architect platform (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA) has a testing time of only 30 min. Herein, we retrospectively reviewed and identified two positive COVID-19 cases on rRT-PCR who concurrently tested reactive for HIV on the Architect, with further confounding results.

Both patients were admitted and tested in the same month. Our first patient was a man in his early 20s who had no significant medical history, presenting with a persistent fever for 2 days, dry cough and pharyngitis. He was not on any long-term medications. His initial laboratory investigations revealed white …


A regular net of optical vortices generated by three plane waves interference allows for a new kind of interferometer - Optical Vortex Interferometer. The precision of that kind of interferometer depends on a localization accuracy and phase reconstruction. One problem is the unique phase reconstruction. Interference of three waves can generate two identical interferograms with opposite topological charge of vortices, so information from three waves interferogram is not enough to the unique phase reconstruction. First method of topological charge determination requires one interferogram of two waves analyzed in an experiment and knowledge about a direction of laser beams. Second method is based on analysing interferogram with the fourth wave added.


We show our recent studies of photonic-crystal nanocavity devices that exhibit record-low consumption energy/power. We discuss possibilities of their large-scale integration and how they are promising for putting fJ/bit-level optical communication in a processor chip. Article not available.


Original Research Article Background: The risk of diabetes is related to rising high blood pressure. HBP may be a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral vascular disease, vision loss, chronic renal disorder and dementia. Hypertension presents as part of metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance in T2DM.HTN is an extremely common co-morbid condition in diabetes, which affects ∼20–60% of patients. In type 1 diabetes, hypertension may replicate the onset of diabetic nephropathy. HTN increases the risk for both macrovascular and microvascular complications, including stroke, coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease, retinopathy, nephropathy. HTN is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease which is the leading cause of death. Hypertension is a major medical and public health issue in our country. Objective: The key objective of the study was to find out the correlation between diabetics, HTN, CKD in association with other diabetics induced diseases and factors among diabetes patients. Materials and Method: It was a cross-sectional descriptive study. The study was conducted in Ibrahim General Hospital & DCEC, Dhanmondi, NHN, BADAS. The total sample size of the study was 115. The study period was from October to December 2018. Results: Out of 115 patients, 48.6% were male and 50.4% female. In the age group, the highest was 31.5% of 46-55 years, followed by 22.8% of 36-45 years. According to BMI, 31.3% were overweight and 1.7% was underweight. In occupations, housewives 37.3%, followed by service 25.2%. The mean value of FBS was 8.86±3.62, AFB 12.78±4.3, SBP 129.04±13.42, DBP 80.33±8.15, TG 204.0, serum creatinine 1.12±0.344, LDL 24±56.83, HDL 43.15±18.22, TT 194±46.54, HbA1c 9.58±2.81 and Hbg 11.57±1.49 . Calculation: Currently, the diabetics patients of Bangladesh around 8.4 million. HTN, CKD, cancer, respiratory disease, and obesity could increase high if diabetes is poorly controlled.


It is highly important for the population on earth which is approaching to 7 billion to meet necessary nourishment needs to survive, take enough and balanced nutrition and be provided with secure food. This makes agriculture more and more important nowadays. As known, the process of the agricultural production begins with seed. Especially in the vegetal production, use of superior and high quality seed provides an increase of the crop by 20-30 per cent depending on the other conditions of production. Also, it is even known that in exotic fertilized species, hybrid seeds enable an increase up to three fold. There has been a significant increase on the numbers of firms that work on seed production. Turkey seed sector that produced 776 thousand tonnes and exported 150 million dollars is planned to reach to 1 million tonnes of production and 500 million dollars amount of export by 2023. Because current firms in the sector are not big enough and improvements have started relatively later, competitive firms have emerged. Main purpose of the study is to compare Turkey to the world in terms of vegetable seed production by years, to demonstrate what must be done by revealing the current situation and problems.


The SAS software system's data step combined with the SORT and PLAN procedures is a powerful and useful data generation tool. Data is easily generated for simulations, for program testing, and for demonstrations. SAS has a rich set of pseudorandom number generating functions which can be used to generate data drawn from one or more populations. The combination of tools makes it possible to generate data mimicking natural population based data for many situations.


Narrative studies today have the same kind of preeminence within criticism that studies of the lyric had fifty years ago. If theory is where it is at in literary circles, then narratology is the inner ring, the hippest circle. The New Historicism gets a lot of play, but the overwhelming majority of New Historical essays focus on prose narrative. In a period when criticism is explicitly concerned with values (as opposed to a period when criticism claims to be "objective"), the breadth, complex social modeling, and variety of voices available to prose narrative make it the most "natural" subject for analysis. Narrative as Communication, the sixtyfourth volume in Minnesota's Theory and History of Literature series, and Narrative Perspective in Fiction, volume fifty-nine in Toronto's Romance Series, provide evidence simply by their publication for the cachet associated with narratology: Coste's book is maddeningly eclectic, and Chamberlain's book is completely abstract, derivative, and circular. Narrative as Communication attempts to provide a comprehensive description of narrative from a linguistic perspective. Coste covers a lot of ground very quickly, never spending more than a few pages on any one issue or textual example. This wide scope and rapid pace are alternately appealing and frustrating. When I became lost in the jargon of technical linguistics or stranded in the analysis of a French text with which I was unfamiliar, I could at least relax in the knowledge that the discussion would soon shift radically, in topic and approach, and I would likely be back on more familiar ground. On the other hand, every time I became deeply interested in a line of argument, every time a useful model began to take shape, the discussion moved on. It was like a meal in which the courses kept coming, rapidly, one after another: those I disliked were soon replaced, but I never had time to finish the ones I liked. Coste's own disclaimer suggests both the wide range and the lack of depth of his book:


We seek the solution of banded, Toeplitz, Hankel, Vandermonde, Cauchy and other structured linear systems of equations with integer coefficients. By combining Hensel's symbolic lifting with either divide-and-conquer algorithms or numerical iterative refinement, we unify the solution for all these structures. We yield the solution in nearly optimal randomized Boolean time, which covers both solution and its correctness verification. Our algorithms and nearly optimal time bounds are extended to the computation of the determinant of a structured integer matrix, its rank and a basis for its null space as well as to some fundamental computations with univariate polynomials that have integer coefficients. Furthermore, we allow to perform lifting modulo a properly bounded power of two to implement our algorithms in binary within a fixed computer precision. 2000 Math. Subject Classification: 68W30, 68W20, 65F05, 68Q25


This paper describes a new initiative co-funded by the Kuyers Institute for Christian Teaching and Learning at Calvin University and Cardus. The initiative builds upon past Cardus work on assessing Christian school outcomes as well as the Kuyers Institute's work on Christian pedagogical practices. The project has developed a new online assessment tool to help Christian secondary schools assess the Christian formation that they seek to offer their students and review their own educational practices. This tool, the Practicing Faith Survey, will be piloted in an initial cluster of schools in 2020. It asks students to self-report on their investment in faith-informed practices that are integral to the student role and uses their responses both to provide formative individual feedback and to offer schools aggregate data on this form of student investment. Here we will unpack some key ideas that have informed our work, focusing in turn on questions concerning faith, vocation, and practices.


The authors presented the case of a bone actinomycosis expressed as a skin lesion in the area of the second left metatarsals. Due to the antecedent of having undergone a surgery of a giant cell tumor, a tumor recurrence was thought.  Surgical intervention was performed and the excision of the second metatarsals and affected skin was performed. The biopsy reported Actinomycosis. The patient was treated with amoxicillin. She had a satisfactory evolution and is still followed up in consultation.


ABSTRACT While extant replies to Jonathan Schaffer's putative counterexamples to the transitivity of grounding have made significant strides against the charge of transitivity failure, the replies pay insufficient attention to the common structure of the counterexamples, overlooking a deeper structural feature that contributes to their prima facie plausibility. Putative counterexamples to the transitivity of grounding, I argue, trade on the distinction between what I call 'rigid' and 'non-rigid' grounding, and confusion over how rigid and non-rigid grounding react when combined pumps the intuition that the counterexamples' chained conclusions are false. The rigid/non-rigid grounding distinction also reveals plausible weakening inference rules that have been overlooked in treatments of the logic of grounding.


We present simplicial principal component analysis (SNPCA), a new manifold reconstruction algorithm that takes a set of data points lying near a lower dimensional manifold as input, possibly with noise, and extracts a simplicial complex that fits the data and the manifold. We have implemented the algorithm in the case where the input point cloud can be triangulated by a complex of 2-simplices, but is embedded in a space of arbitrary dimension. The algorithm is easily parallelizable. We are working to extend the algorithm to data sets lying on higher dimensional manifolds and more complex shapes, possibly of varying dimension. We provide the output of our algorithm for data that fall on the surface of a torus with and without noise, a swiss roll, and creased sheet, all embedded in R. We chose these manifolds to demonstrate that the algorithm does not require a smooth underlying manifold, or a manifold without boundary. We also discuss the theoretical justification of our algorithm.


In twenty-first century,modern painting advocates it free from aesthetics order,and no objective aesthetic concept. Many people believe that only artists can communicate with arts,and they too rely on art critics' standard to express their own ideas. Therefore,this typical recognition makes ordinary people lose their own aesthetic freedom.


There is a little data about the impact of blood pressure normalization on platelet aggregation properties and the impact of antihypertensive drugs on platelet hemostasis. Aim. To study adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation changes in patients with hypertension achieving target blood pressure under the influence of antihypertensive therapy. Material and Methods. The study involved 149 patients with stage II, second degree EH, who were divided into 2 groups based on target levels of blood pressure. The first group included 48 patients with essential hypertension who achieved target levels of blood pressure, the second group - 101 patients with EH, who have not reached the target blood pressure. Groups of patients were comparable in age. All patients were performed by DMAP and LTA. Results. Groups EH patients who achieved and did not achieve the target blood pressure were comparable by the types of aggregations. The percentage of "two-phase" aggregation was 19% of the first group patients and 22% of the second group patients (p = 0.675), "drain" 16% and 13% (p = 0.622) respectively, "oppressed" 48% and 56% (p = 0,362) respectively, "missing" 17% and 9% (p = 0.156), respectively. Patients with essential hypertension who have not reached the target level of blood pressure had the "two-phase" curve adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation 36.4% (p = 0.001) greater than the maximum degree of aggregation within 5 minutes of recording, 14.8% (p = 0.009) greater than the maximum degree of aggregation within 10 minutes of recording, 28.3% (p = 0.023) greater degree of aggregation on the third minute, 34.3% (p = 0.002) greater degree of aggregation on the fifth minute, 28 0% (p = 0.009) greater area under the curve of aggregation on the fifth minute, and 21.4% (p = 0.005) on the ten minute than similar rates in patients with EH, who have achieved the target blood pressure. Conclusions. Achieving target blood pressure in patients with hypertension is accompanied by multidirectional changes of platelets aggregation properties. Normalization of blood pressure in patients with hypertension in 36% of cases is associated with reduced epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation.