Cultural heritage practice reveals how people turn physical spaces into meaningful places through engagement with sites and landscapes as a result of daily activities, beliefs and values. Heritage management discourse recognises the multiplicities of meaning created by different individuals and communities at different times within a particular landscape. I use a cultural heritage methodology to identify the cultural landscape of the ceremonial stone arrangement site of Gummingurru, southeast Queensland. Gummingurru is managed and interpreted as a living heritage place that exists as both a tangible set of sites in a landscape, and a range of intangible elements that include history, memory and current connections to country. Using a collaborative approach that enables the incorporation of archaeological places and oral traditions in my survey methods, I detail the tangible and intangible elements that were identified during a survey of the adjacent, local and wider landscape of the Gummingurru stone arrangement site during fieldwork undertaken as part of the AIATSIS funded Gummingurru Mapping Project in 2008.1 present the archaeological findings and associated memories and stories as a 'memoryscape' of individual and community experience through time. I conclude that the incorporation of memory in cultural heritage practice provides considerable potential for the interpretation and management of heritage places and landscapes through offering a nuanced, dynamic and rich account of landscape that is seen as being more than a collection of physical attributes and measurable artefacts. 'TO JUST BE HERE': ABORIGINAL RELATIONSHIPS TO, AND MANAGEMENT OF, FRESHWATER AT BUMMIERA, NORTH STRADBROKE ISLAND


There are few published reports on epidemiological studies concerning Rubella in Iran. The level of antibody in vaccinated individual's declines gradually and the chances of infection in these people are much greater to those naturally immunized by infection. Therefore, it seemed logical to determine the level of antibody in non vaccinated female students, aged from 18 to 26 years of Isfahan University, to know the degree of their susceptibility to infection. The results of antibody titration revealed that in this age group the level of antibody was high enough to prevent infection.


Online learning is a system based on formal teaching with the help of electronic devices and used internet connection to facilitates more flexible distance learning and a vast network to connect. Online learning has been carried out in universities in the last two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the correlation between students' perceptions and academic performance towards the online learning system during the COVID-19 pandemic of English education study program students at Indo Global Mandiri University Palembang. quantitative method used in this study with a correlational design to analyze the data. The sample was students majoring in English Education intake 2018, 2019, and 2020. Seventy-eight students from three intakes of English Education students participated in this study. The data sources used by the researchers are graphs of student academic performance and a questionnaire. This research shows that student's academic performance is not much impacted by their perception of online learning. Based on Malik and Singh (2016) Academic performance can be influenced by internal and external factors, such as; Motivation, Economics, Social, and Family. Therefore, students, lecturers, and educational institutions must synergize in improving services, communication, and online-based education systems to benefit more from online learning systems.


According to the World Health Organization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy in the world, with approximately 398 000 incident cases in 2000 (1). It is also a highly lethal malignancy resulting in nearly 384 000 deaths that same year (2). Although the incidence of HCC has traditionally been lower in western countries, it has been increasing in recent years in the US and elsewhere (3). Because of poor survival of these patients, mortality associated with HCC has increased essentially in parallel with the increase in incidence (4). The vast majority of HCC arises in patients with underlying chronic liver disease, most commonly cirrhosis. The existence of underlying liver disease not only increases the risk of HCC, but also influences the survival of the patient. Thus, HCC is unique in that survival of patients with HCC depends upon the severity of underlying liver dysfunction as well as the extent of the tumour. For example, the TNM staging system, which is widely used for many solid tumours, only addresses the extent of the tumour (5). Other staging systems incorporate some measures of the abnormal physiology associated with liver disease. These include the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score, Okuda staging, Japan Integrated Staging, Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement du Carcinome Hepatocellulaire score and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system. The CLIP score was proposed in 1998, based on a retrospective analysis of 435 Italian patients accrued between 1990 and 1992 (6). The score is based on four variables: the Child–Pugh class, tumour morphology, portal vein thrombosis and serum concentration of a-foetoprotein (AFP). As shown in the adjacent table, component scores ranging from 0 to 2 are assigned for each of these variables. In the derivation of the CLIP score, the way in which these scores were assigned was numerically accurate, albeit fortuitously. The table shows that hazard ratios of the features that were given a score of 1 happened to be approximately 1.7 (1.58–1.79), whereas those with a score of 2 were approximately twice that (3.18–3.92). Thus, an increase in a score of 1 is associated with an identical risk (about a 1.7-fold increase in the risk of death), regardless of how that score came about. This is a rare advantage of this model that is conducive to generating a tabular scoring system, as all the variables in the model have a nearly uniform risk. Subsequent work has shown that the CLIP score is able to stratify patients according to the risk of death (7, 8).


D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) cytochemistry was undertaken in the 'normal' liver of fetal mice obtained from mothers carrier of muscular dysgenesis. Developing and differentiating hepatocytes revealed that DAAO is released from mitochondria and immediately enveloped by smooth membrane in the cytoplasm to form DAAO-containing peroxisomes. DAAO synthesized in the cytosol may be relocated in mitochondria before being released back into cytosol.


This paper introduces the meta-cognition in detail which has the characteristic of intellectual, procedural and regulation, and analyses its guidance function when designs a universal intelligent operation of electric dispatching. Based on the meta-cognition theory and an actual power plant, the author of this paper have already successfully designed a universal intelligent operation of electric dispatching system. In this system, when operator want to check operation of electric dispatching, this system will give corresponding suggestions which can heighten the operator meta-cognition level, perfect specialty knowledge, reduce faulty operation. It is proved that this system can satisfy the need of operator and help operator to solve problem quickly. (7 pages)


Abstract : A status report of the MODEL FLY program is presented. The report presents the results of the preliminary con siderations for development of the MODEL FLY testing technique. The MODEL FLY program objective is to develop a wind tunnel testing technique for simulating the effects of aeroelasticity on the structural loads and stability and control response of full scale vehicles. A dynamic mounting system is to be developed which allows scaled elastic models to perform 'free flight' maneuvers in the wind tunnel. The MODEL FLY development encompasses six technical areas: similitude theory, model construction, mounting system, control theory, instrumentation, and data processing. The problems in each area are discussed and possible methods of solution outlined. The present status of the development is summarized and future direction discussed. (Author)


The indication 01 co ll1 puted tO ll1ography lor the breast lesions are 1) Unusually extensive or sll1all breast caused technica l dilliculties in performing mammograms 2) Questionable ll1ammographic findings, especially in dense proliferative breast parenchyll1e 3) Microcancer 4) Suspicious regional Iymph node enlargement or invasion 01 the chest wall by breast cancer The diagnosis of breast CT in breast cancer is based on pathologic anatomic change and characteristic increase of ll1ean CT No. of lesion following contrast enhancement Authors analysed CT of the 34 patients who were clinically suspected breast cancer , and compared with mammography The resu lts are as fo llows 1. Pathological diagnosis 01 34 cases were 27 cases of breast cancer, 4 cases of fibrocystic disease, 2 cases of fibroadenoma, and 1 case of intraductal papilloma. The diagnostic accurcy 01 CT in 27 breast cancer was 93% (25 cases) and ll1am ll1ography 71 % (19 cases) 2. Correct d iagnosis of CT in 7 benign breast d iseases is in 5 cases and mammography in 5 cases 3. The most importment find ing of CT in breast cancer is characteristic increase of CT No. 01 lesion loll owing contrast enhancement (200ml, 65%): over average 50HU in 19 cases of 27 breast cancers, 30-50HU in a 6 cases, 20-30HU in 2 cases with tumor necrosis 4. Compared with mammography, other more va luable CT findings of breast cancer are axillary Iymph node enlargement and adjacentic pectoral musc1 e invasion 5. In condusion, Breast CT is considered as a va luable diagnostic tool in evaluation 01 breast cancer, but not 01 benign breast disease


* Introduction (Carol Hardy-Fanta) * THE CONTOURS AND CONTEXT OF DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION * Gender, Race, and Descriptive Representation in the United States: Findings from the Gender and Multicultural Leadership Project (Carol Hardy-Fanta, Pei-te Lien, Dianne M. Pinderhughes, and Christine Marie Sierra) * Women of Color in State Legislatures: Gender, Race, Ethnicity, and Legislative Office Holding (Becki Scola) * SUBSTANTIVE IMPACT OF THE CHANGING FACE OF ELECTED OFFICIALS * Agenda Setting and African-American Women in State Legislatures (Kathleen A. Bratton, Kerry L. Haynie, and Beth Reingold) * Race and Gender Matter: Refining Models of Legislative Policy Making in State Legislatures (Byron D'Andra Orey, Wendy Smooth, with Kimberly S. Adams and Kisha Harris-Clark) * Gender and Ethnicity: Patterns of Electoral Success and Legislative Advocacy Among Latina and Latino State Officials in Four States (Luis Ricardo Fraga, Linda Lopez, Valerie Martinez-Ebers, and Ricardo Ramirez) * A Second Look: Is There a Latina/o Gender Gap? (Lisa Garcia Bedolla, Jessica L. Lavariega Monforti, and Adrian D. Pantoja) * INTERSECTIONALITY: POLITICAL LEADERSHIP AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS * Envisioning the Possibilities for a Good Life: Exploring the Public Policy Implications of Intersectionality Theory (Tiffany Manuel) * Commentary: The Practice and Functioning of Intersectionality and Politics (Julia S. Jordan-Zachery) * About the Contributors * Index * Reference Notes Included


The ship maneuvering simulator includes physical emulator, semi-physical emulator and software emulator. In this paper, the semi-physical hardware simulator for ship maneuvering is designed and implemented, The decompose and simulator of ship model, the simulator of rudder engine, the simulator of outside interfere sum, the apparatus choice and implement of the simulator, are described detailedly. The actual test results show its high control precision and reliable stability.


A Peer Constraint Study Group provides a mechanism whereby the efforts and integrity of a single student will markedly increase the returns of the other members,thus getting "rewarded" while lazy or cheating activities may foist noticeable costs on the others,thus resulting in credible "punishment".By dividing students into groups,the previous chaotic class instructions may grow into a sort of regular structure in which the students will automatically choose honest and diligent behavior pattern regardless of supervision from the instructor.This research suggests that instructors take proper steps to streamline the group size,its membership and assessment in order to make the most of the group stimulating functions.


Bedload transport was measured with two sampler types (vortex tube and Helley-Smith pressure differential) for three major storms at Flynn Creek, which drains a 2.2-km2 forested watershed in the Oregon Coast Range. The largest flow during two winters of monitoring had a peak discharge of 0.79 m3 s-1 km-2, with an associated recurrence interval of ˜ 1.3 yr. The median particle diameter of sediment in transport was generally < 1 mm. The vortex tube and its associated sample box were relatively inefficient at trapping particles < 10 mm in diameter; however, even after transport rates were adjusted to account for sampling deficiencies of the sample box, they still averaged 42–47 percent of those obtained with the Helley-Smith sampler. Organic matter and sand sized sediments in transport also were observed to partially plug the 0.2-mm-mesh bag of the Helley-Smith sampler. Large temporal variability in bedload transport rates was measured during periods of high flow.


The smart home industry is characterized by actors providing a technology-push as opposed to a demand-pull system. For companies to be able to satisfy customers it is essential to know what customers desire and to use appropriate methods for finding their needs. Most research regarding smart homes has had a technological focus while social aspects have been neglected. The aim of this master's thesis is to develop a method for finding future customer needs for smart home solutions that will primarily be used by companies in the construction industry. In order to achieve this aim a method framework proposal was developed through analyzing theories regarding customer needs in combination with research concerning smart home solutions and the market concerning them. This research was complemented by a case study conducted at the department New Homes at the construction company Skanska. The initial method framework proposal was field tested on five persons in collaboration with Skanska and the test generated in total 273 raw customer needs which after interpretations and categorization became 118 customer needs. Following the field test, a final method framework was created that contained twelve steps in which the three main elements were a demonstration of existing smart home solutions, a contextual inquiry and an in-depth interview. These elements were used in combination with each other in order to obtain future needs which are often unarticulated and excitement needs. The method framework is based on a concept that we have created and applied in a matrix. This concept states that a person's ability to express unarticulated needs are favorably affected by two factors: a person's ability to understand technology and how easy a certain technology is to understand. There are no established measurements for these factors and hence to be able to use our concept, we have interpreted these factors into: a person's age and stage of the technology in the product life cycle. Due to the results obtained from the field test and the improvements made to the initial method proposal framework, we conclude that our final method is successful in finding future customer needs for smart home solutions. Hence, our final method framework is the solution to our research problem.


This article researches into the urgent reform of the teaching contents,teaching material,teaching strategies and teaching organization of the undergraduate course,linear algebra,in private colleges.It proposes that matrix is the main line all through the course,and it suggests several guiding principles and key contents and the idea of level-based instruction.


A little over three years ago the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense (ARPA) began implementation of an entirely new venture in computer communications: a network that would allow for the interconnection, via common-carrier circuits, of dissimilar computers at widely separated, ARPA-sponsored research centers. This network, which has come to be known as the ARPA Network, presently includes approximately 20 nodes and is steadily growing. Major goals of the network are (1) to permit resource sharing, whereby persons and programs at one research center may access data and interactively use programs that exist and run in other computers of the network, (2) to develop highly reliable and economic digital communications, and (3) to permit broad access to unique and powerful facilities which may be economically feasible only when widely shared.


Abstract The present study elucidates the influence of Mo content on the microstructure – toughness relationship in the coarsegrained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels. The low-Mo and high-Mo steels were subjected to 100 kJ cm–1 heat input welding thermal cycling. The results indicated that (Ti,Mo)-carbonitrides were formed in high-Mo steel, whereas (Ti,Nb)-carbonitrides were formed in low-Mo steel. The finer and dispersed precipitates in high-Mo steel refined the prior austenite grain in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone based on the grain boundary pinning effect. However, the smaller prior austenite grain and excessive Mo content induced the formation of an entirely bainitic microstructure in high-Mo steel. Furthermore, a higher fraction of martensite –austenite constituents was observed in high-Mo steel. These results could be responsible for the deterioration of the toughness in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-Mo steel.


It has selected research literature relating to the profit distribution of supply chain from 2000 to 2009 in 30 core journals of Management Science which are designated by Faculty of Management Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation.We review profit distribution of supply chain from different ways:(1)the number of members of the supply chain(2)market demand to determine or not(3)game sequence of members(4)the factors taken into consideration in modeling(5)the methods of profit allocation.We draw conclusions as follows:most scholars usually choose one seller and one buyer for the study;studies usually assumed that the market demand is uncertain;modeling considered by many factors,such as order quantity,price,inventory,the effort of members,the product quality,lead time,information sharing and knowledge sharing;the methods of profit allocation are variety,but the contract is the usual way;revenue sharing contract,repurchase contracts,quantity discounts contract has been widely used as a supply chain coordination way.Furthermore,we provided further research directions from multiangle:the information asymmetry,the factors affecting sales,quantitative and qualitative combination and profit distribution mechanisms.


Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of using a new guide catheter (Navien) in intracranial endovascular treatment.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed all cases of neuroendovascular treatment during the period between May 2015 and April 2016 in our database at Neurosurgery Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. A total of 68 cases involving the use of Navien guide catheter were selected. Clinical and imaging data were analyzed including the lesion location, technique for Navien advancement, intraprocedural Navien position and periprocedural complications.

Results
The Navien catheter was used in 68 cases, and the final position of catheter tip was in the petrous intracranial cranial artery (ICA) (45, 66.2%), cavernous ICA (2, 2.9%), vertebral artery V2 (13, 19.1%), V3 (7, 14.7%) and V4 (1, 1.5%). There were no intraoperative hemorrhagic or ischemic complications. Navien-related complication occurred in 1 case of middle cerebral artery aneurysm, in which the endovascular therapy was replaced by surgical clipping because of severe catheter-caused vasospasm.

Conclusion
The Navien guide catheter could be safely placed into intracranial vessels and thus provide safe and stable support for endovascular therapeutic interventions.

Key words:
Cerebrovascular disorders; Endovascular treatment; Guide catheter


The study aims to identify the contents of the books of Islamic education in general education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the principles of human rights. The report on the amount of Islamic education curricula for the secondary stage must be available in the curricula of Islamic education curricula at the secondary level. . Study Methodology: Analytical Descriptive Method The most important results of the study were human rights in Islamic education curricula (782) times. It is clear that the rate of reproduction (7. 9%) at the latest. (38. 36%), political rights (28. 52%), economic rights (19. 44%) and educational rights (19. 44%). (13. 68%). In the category of Quranic verse (13. 94%), in the category of Quranic verse (13. 94%), Hadith of the Prophet in the last corner by (7. 54%). One of the most important ways in which the actors and the parties to the Middle East Peace Treaty are concerned is by the Supreme Court. And taking into account the balance of human rights revenues in education curricula.


Abstract Background Tumor mutation burden (TMB) may predict immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response. TMB calculation included all nonsynonymous somatic mutations, but not all mutations were favorable and the efficient of TMB is attenuated by including adverse mutations. Moreover, no universal cutoff value of high TMB hindered its application in practice. Methods Tumor mutation score (TMS), defined as number of genes with nonsynonymous somatic mutations, was compared with TMB in 10,336 cancer patients from MSK-IMPACT cohort. TMS55, TMS of 55 favorable prognosis genes and TMB were calculated and compared in 1,661 advanced cancer patients treated with ICI and 3,840 matching non-ICI patients of ten major cancer types. Results TMS55 was significantly associated with TMB. In 1,661 ICI patients, high TMS55 (TMS55>5) was more robust than high TMB (highest 20% in each histology) in predicting better overall survival. Separately, TMS55 was significantly associated with improved survival in more tumor types than TMB with smaller hazard ratio values, especially in non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, bladder cancer and colorectal cancer. Conversely, high TMS55 and TMB predicted worse overall survival in 3,840 non-ICI patients. Conclusions Novel TMS55 might be better than TMB as biomarker for patients treated with ICI and customized TMS might substitute non-selective TMB as mutation-based biomarker. Easy calculation and universal cutoff value of TMS will not be affected across platforms and is more feasible in clinical, which may greatly promote its application in clinical with further validations. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


This question, 'What's wrong with Capitalism?' will dominate our thinking throughout the year. However, today, I will answer the question with a rough and ready list of six points. These six points encapsulate the fundamental reasons that most opponents of capitalism would give for their hatred of the system. Depending on how you cut it you could come up with many more — it is not a definitive list of what many people think is wrong with capitalism, but it will enable us to focus attention on the elements of the system which arouse such bitter hostility among so many millions of people.


It is known that arginine vasopressin (AVP) participate in the regulation of the immune responses, including the scarring. However, the effect of how AVP regulates this process is not clear. Here we describe the impact of AVP deficiency induced by neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) or blocking the V1a‐V2 AVP receptors with conivaptan (CON) on the kidney fibrosis (KF), induced by unilateral ureteral ligature (UUL). Groups of 5 Wistar male rats were prepared: Control Intact (CI), UUL, NIL, NIL+UUL, UUL+NIL and UUL+CON. The NIL group was operated 6 weeks before sacrifice. In the NIL+UUL group NIL was performed 3 weeks before UUL and sacrificed 3 weeks after. In the UUL+CON (3mg/kg/day/SC/3 weeks before sacrifice) the UUL was done 6 weeks before sacrifice. KF was evaluated in histological slides stained with H‐E, Masson and Sirius red. Results showed that UUL induced hydronephrosis, severe kidney fibrosis and loss of histological architecture, whose severity was related to each experimental condition: In the UUL severe fibrosis occurred in the ilium, pelvis, periglomerular, intraglomerular, intraluminal tubules and interstitial kidney areas. In comparison with the CI, NIL group showed normal kidney histology, whereas that, in comparison with the UUL the NIL+UUL group developed significant less histological alterations and less kidney fibrosis. In the UUL+NIL group (NIL surgery performed 3 weeks after UUL and sacrificed 3 weeks later), although histological changes and fibrosis were apparent, these were significantly less severe as compared with the UUL group. In comparison with the NIL+UUL group, the UUL+CON animals developed less severe fibrosis and less histopathological changes. Conclusions. Results showed that kidney fibrosis may be controlled by AVP deficiency or blocking the V1a‐V2 AVP receptors (CON) indicating a major role of AVP on the fibrotic process. Results also suggests that conivaptan may be used for kidney fibrosis treatment.


Some have argued that reforms to urban governance in the UK in recent years have "hollowed out" the local level, emphasising the levels "above" and "below" it. This reflects a broader perceived loss of focus on cities themselves, but a great deal of power and responsibility still remains at the local authority level. This chapter considers how local government autonomy has changed in recent years, within the context of a broader history of local government in the UK. It then reflects upon the "entrepreneurial turn" in local government, for some a consequence of reduced funding for local authorities, and considers recent evidence of a return to "municipal socialism" in England and beyond.


Abstract Disclosure: N.L. Menezes De Andrade: None. M.F. Funari: None. A. Malaquias: Speaker; Self; Novo Nordisk. N.C. Dantas: None. R. Rezende: None. L.D. Cellin: None. T.K. Homma: None. A.M. Lerario: None. I.J. Arnhold: None. G.A. Vasques: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly & Company. A.A. Jorge: Advisory Board Member; Self; Novo Nordisk. Consulting Fee; Self; Novo Nordisk. Research Investigator; Self; Novo Nordisk. Speaker; Self; Pfizer Global R&D. Introduction: The genetic factors are frequently implicated in the growth impairment of short stature (SS) children, whether they are syndromic or apparently healthy. However, the investigation recommended by the consensus fails to establish the etiology in most cases. The difficulty to search for candidate genes increases the importance of using a hypothesis-free approach as whole exome sequencing (WES) for these children. Objective: To determine the diagnostic yield of a multigene gene analysis in a cohort of children with SS of unknown cause. Patients and methods: We enrolled children with syndromic (n= 143) and isolated SS (n=380) of unknown cause after traditional investigation. The genetic analysis was applied to all patients [WES =306, panel = 217, including copy number variants (CNVs) analysis]. A chromosomal microarray analysis was also used for 79 syndromic SS. Results: A genetic defect was identified in 74 and 70 children with syndromic and isolated SS, respectively. Variants associated with syndromic SS were widely distributed in several rare conditions, affecting 63 different genes: COL2A1 in 3 patients; ANKRD11; BCL11B; LTBP3; CHD7; PTPN11; PUF60; SRCAP; STAT5B, GNAS in two patients each; SCN1A; SETD5; PTHLH; GINS1; ZMYM2; TERT; G6PC3; KIF11; SCUBE3; TBC1D32; PDHA1; RPS6KA3; SMARCA4; DNM2; KMT2A ; IHH; BRCA1; NF1; INPP5K; KRAS; FGFR2; DPH1; RPL5; KDM5C; DYRK1A; MVK; FBN1; AFF4; ACTB; POC1A; IGF1R; CREBBP; POLD1; POLR3B; PCNA; CUL7; RUNX2; EXT1; GH1; FGD1; BLM; CHRNG in one patient each. In children with isolated SS, 5 children had more than one causative finding. There were 39 defects associated with the growth plate [SHOX (n=13); NPR2 (n=7); IHH (n=10); ACAN (n=5); FGFR3 (n=3); COL2A1 (n=1)], 6 involved in the GH-IGF-1 axis [GHSR (n=3); IGF1R (n=2); GH1 (n=1)], 9 related to the RAS/MAPK pathway [PTPN11 (n=4); NF1 (n=3); BRAF (n=1); CBL (n=1)]; and 17 other genes [LTBP3 (n=2); THRA (n=2); TYMP; PIK3CA; CDKN1C; ANKRD11; HMGA2; SRCAP; KMT2C; GDF5; OBSL1; MC4R; FBN1; PRKG2; ERF (one patient each)]. Additionally, a pathogenic CNVs were identified in 11 and 3 patients with syndromic and isolated SS, respectively. The diagnostic rate was 51.7% for patients with syndromic features vs 18,4% in patients with isolated SS (p < 0.001). Patients with or without a genetic diagnosis cannot be clinically differentiated into either group. Conclusion: The diagnostic yield of a multigene sequencing approach was three time higher in patients with syndromic SS than those with isolated SS. Nevertheless, the identification of a monogenic condition has a clear impact on patients' follow-up and treatment for both groups. Maximum of 2,500 characters, including punctuation (not spaces). Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023


Abstract Radiologic technology training required a substantial amount of practice. The traditional teaching approach includes in-hospital placement along with theory classes. During the COVID-19 outbreaks, clinical rotations become impossible. Direct contact with patients raises safety concerns for staff and students. The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented challenges for medical universities worldwide. We developed in-house simulation software that can be used for training in radiologic technology. Our preliminary results yielded good efficacy of this novel teaching approach in training radiologic technology students.


For four convex disc mill in the preparation of gold ore sample,the movement,mechanics and crushing mechanism were analyzed.It was founded that the four convex disc disc mill has uniformity requirement for ore sample preparation.The crushing mechanism is mainly by constant friction between shear and crushing pressure to gold fault sample preparation process.It provides the basis for selecting proper preparation equipment and sample of gold mine chute and improving design.


The protean nature of syphilis is nowhere better illustrated than by a consideration of its visceral manifestations; in fact, the recognition of visceral syphilis by clinical means alone is often difficult if not impossible. In consequence, great emphasis has been placed on those laboratory procedures which are of assistance in showing the presence of syphilitic infection. Although serologic tests are of great value in the recognition of visceral syphilis, they do not tell which organ is involved, or the degree of injury produced by the syphilitic process. Such information, on the other hand, would be of inestimable value in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Particularly is this true in cases of syphilis of the liver. Additional diagnostic measures are desirable, and the recent interest in tests for hepatic function is evidence of the need for such information. Recent studies of the physiologic activities of the liver have served to emphasize its


The distribution and accumulation factors of heavy metals and metalloids (HMMs) in the bottom sediments of the Selenga river and its tributary Uda have been studied on the territory of Ulan-Ude. Their ecological and geochemical condition can influence the state of the lower reaches of the Selenga river and Baikal lake. We selected 3 background, 12 urban and 1 sample of bottom sediments downstream of the city. The main physical-chemical properties (pH, content of organic matter, iron oxides, granulometric composition) and the total content of HMMs in the samples were determined. The sediments of the Selenga and Udarivers are characterized by sandy and sandy-loamy granulometric composition, neutral reaction, low content of organic matter and Fe2O3. Upstream Ulan-Ude the rivershave a similar chemical composition of the sediments and are characterized by the dispersion and near-clark concentrations of the HMMs. Within the city and downstream, microelemental composition of the sediments has not significantly differ from the background one, this is due to their low sorption capacity and insignificant contamination of the precipitating suspended matter. Low-contrast geochemical anomalies were formed near the motorways (Mo, Cd, Bi), the oil storage facilities "BuryatTerminal" (W, Cu, Mo, As, Sb, Pb, Bi, Cd, Co, Ni), treatment plant (As, W, Bi), upstream of the aircraft plant (Cd) and below TPP-1 (W, V, Cd, Cu, Sb). The presence of correlations between the HMM content and the physico-chemical properties of the deposits indicates that the geochemical anomalies were formed also due to the sorption-sedimentation, chemisorption and biogeochemical barriers. The acid barrier is of great importance for the accumulation of an anionic Mo. The total HMM contamination of sediments within the city and downstream refers to the permissible level. The MPC in the sediments of the Selengariver was exceeded for As(in 1,5-3,4 times). Thus, in the UlanUde city and downstream, there are a weak man-made transformation and a low ecological danger of pollution of river sediments. The maximum contents of HMMs are localized on geochemical barriers near industrial enterprises and highways.


At present, the research community recognises a complementary relationship between the semantic and the social web. The merging of these web instances could play an essential role in different knowledge domains. In this study, the authors promote a social–semantic web paradigm using software engineering as the knowledge domain specifically. The authors address a major problem – the difficulty for end-users in finding documentation related to software requirements proposed by them; this fact reduces their participation at the time of specifying the software requirements. Architecture is proposed for enhanced resources search, combining the strengths of the social (social annotations) and semantic (semantic metadata) technologies, which has been designed considering the search style of the information seekers. Such architecture is applied in a use-scenario, where the expert users who are not technicians have some restrictions and limitations to retrieve the documents they need. The preliminary results demonstrate that it is possible to take advantage of the defined infrastructure of the ontology to organise and integrate the metadata of resources which are in databases or existent files; this approach opens several possibilities as creation and validation of software requirements collaboratively among different expert-users.


BACKGROUND
 Females comprise over half of medical school matriculants but only one-third of emergency medicine (EM) residents. Various factors may contribute to why fewer females choose the field of emergency medicine, such as existing presence of females in the specialty.

 OBJECTIVE
 This study is a follow-up to previous work, and a survey was used to assess current residents' attitudes and perceptions on various factors including those relating to gender on creating rank lists as medical students and in perceived effects on residency education.

 METHODS
 An online survey consisting of Likert scale questions of a variety of factors influencing a student's decision to create a rank list and in perceived effects on residency education was sent to current EM residents in 2020.

 RESULTS
 Residents from 17 programs participated in the survey with an 18% response rate. The most important factors in creating a rank list were the personality of residents in the program, location, and facility type. For factors specifically related to gender, respondents who answered affirmatively to whether gender composition of residents affected selection of a program in making a rank list were more likely to also answer affirmatively to subsequent questions related to gender of program leadership (p<0.001) and gender composition of attending physicians (p<0.001). Personality of residents was also the most important factor perceived to affect residency education. For factors influencing rank list and residency education, female respondents placed higher importance on subcategories related to gender (i.e., gender composition of residents, of program leadership, and of attending physicians) to a significant degree compared to their male counterparts.

 CONCLUSIONS
 While factors such as location and resident personality show the most importance in influencing residency selection, when stratifying based on respondent gender, females tend to indicate factors relating to gender have more influence on rank list and residency education compared to males.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 N/A


This paper reports key processes in interviewing children in a highly constrained setting in which many features of effective interviewing children were either absent or were contradicted, and in which many aspects of the interview situation rendered them potentially uncomfortable for the children. The children left feeling positive about themselves and the interviews, having given frank and useful research data. The paper reports the strategies used by the interviewers to bring about these positive outcomes. It reports 10 steps, which the interviewers took whilst working within the constraints, to make the interviews effective and positive by rendering the strange familiar and by attending to the all-round quality of the qualitative interviews. The paper makes recommendations for interviewing children and how researchers can operate within children's frame of reference and their expectations of adult behaviour and the interview situation.


Eight adolescents with major depressive disorder were treated with nortriptyline and six adolescents with delusional depression were treated with combined nortriptyline and chlorpromazine. Dose and plasma levels of nortriptyline for the two groups were compared. The delusional group receiving combined drug treatment needed significantly less nortriptyline than did the nondelusional group receiving only nortriptyline to obtain similar mean steady state plasma levels of the drug. The mean plasma chlorpromazine levels were quite low.


In this letter, we analyze the performance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communications with transmit beamforming and maximum ratio combining (MRC), known as MIMO-MRC, with channel estimation error in the presence of cochannel interferences (CCIs). The quantified measure for channel estimation error is the correlation coefficient between the true fading channel coefficients and their estimates. Exact closed-form expressions for the statistical distribution of the signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR), the outage probability of the SINR, and the average symbol error rate (ASER) for some modulation formats are derived. The analytical results are confirmed by numerical simulations.


Teachers' sense of happiness in career means the acquired continuous happy experience with the satisfaction in teaching work,the realization of personal professional pursuits,and the exploration of individual potentials and the increase of capacity. Teachers' sense of happiness in career is directly connected with the speed of quality education development,the range of its extension,the depth of its internalization,and even its success.


It is shown and described a method and system for providing support for the gesture sharing session. A method comprising facilitate establishing first and second connections of the first and second computing means, and the first and second computing means for negotiating capabilities gesture, gesture receiving from the first and second computing means inputs, coordinating these gesture input, and transmitting the first and second computing means to the modified shared session window.


This paper reported the determining results for eighteen kinds of constant and trace elements
contained in twenty-one kinds of Chinese Materia Medica warming-kidney invigorating tonics.
Meanwhile,we also discussed the distributing regularities of the trace elements for these tonics.


After introducing EU Regulation on short selling and certain aspects of credit default swaps, in 2012, investors holding a significant short positions are obliged to disclose it in a public manner, through the local supervisor registry. Beside the intended transparency, such a registry also have a cogent influence on behaviour of market participants. The Multimillion euros worth of short position is a strong view on underlying stock perspective, to say the least. Thus, many investors do care about the public disclosures of short positions and some of them manage their portfolios accordingly. The aim of herein paper is to provide quantitative assessment of stock performance following short position announcement and present activity of short selling investors on Polish stock market. The research hypothesis verified in this study stated that the prices of short sold stocks are exhibiting significant downward trend relative to the benchmark in a half a year period after disclosure.


The continuous increase in the energy consumption of wireless networks has led to extensive research and development into energy-efficient communications. Towards this objective, this paper employs a novel technique for maximizing the energy efficiency (EE) of wireless networks, using weighted average EE contours with multiple decoding policies (DPs), where users are prioritized based on different criteria such as channel condition. Moreover, our EE based resource allocation method is extended such that other system targets such as rate-fairness and quality of service (QoS) are satisfied. Results indicate that our EE-based resource allocation scheme achieves the highest EE when DP 2 is employed, i.e. the user with the best channel gain achieves its single user bound, whilst other users experience residual interference. Moreover, both the fairness and QoS constraints increase user satisfaction, in terms of achievable data rate, which comes at the cost of a higher transmit power, and therefore lower EE.


This paper combined experiments with investigates,synthetically utilized methods such as market value law,substitution expense law and shadow project law,made the quota evaluation of the service function value of Maqu alpine wetland ecosystem in the first meander of the Yellow River,to provide basis for local economic development and scientifically and reasonably protection and utilization of the wetland resources from 11 kinds of service function aspects. The result indicated that the total value of Maqu alpine wetland ecology service function reached 159.42×108 Yuan/a,it was 36.65 times of gross national product of this area. The hydrology adjustment function was 57.72×108 Yuan/a,followed by water source supplies,cultural scientific research,nutrition circulation and storage and climate control function,which was 32.43×108 Yuan/a,12.50×108 Yuan/a,12.38×108 Yuan/a and 11.37×108 Yuan/a,respectively. The environment purification,physical production,biodiversity protection,soil formation and protection,atmospheric component adjustment function were 9.24×108 Yuan/a,8.48×108 Yuan/a,8.31×108 Yuan/a,5.67×108 Yuan/a,and 1.09×108 Yuan/a,respectively. The recreation function was the lowest with 0.23×108 Yuan/a. This fully explained that the Maqu alpine wetland was "the kidney of the plateau in west China",it was important water source supplies area and the flood storage area in the Yellow River upstream,it was green ecology barrier of the Yellow River upstream ecosystem,and it has important strategic position for ensuring the ecological security of middle and lower reaches area.


REVIEW / ACTA INFORM MED. 2016 DEC; 24(6): 422-423 HOMER R. WARNER (19222012) Homer R. Warner is one of the pioneers and fathers of medical informatics in the world (1-4). Many aspects of computer applications in medicine is well known, discovered and introduced in the mid-1950's and late by Homer Warner. He began working on clinical decision support technology in the cardiology department at LDS Hospital. Dr. Warner and his colleagues developed the HELP (Health Evaluation through Logical Processing) system which is still in use today at Intermountain Healthcare. Homer Warner received his bachelor's and medical degree from the University of Utah, and a doctorate degree in physiology from the University of Minnesota. Dr. Warner founded and became the first chair in the Department of Biomedical Informatics in the School of Medicine which existed under various names since 1972. Dr. Warner's legacy of excellence and innovation has persisted and the department remains a leader in informatics research, training, and implementation Homer Richards Warner was born on April 18, 1922 and died on November 30, 2012, in Salt Lake City from complications of pancreatitis. During WWII he enlisted in the Naval Air Corps where he was trained to be a carrier-based fighter pilot. After the war he returned to the Utah where he met Katherine Ann Romney and they graduated together in 1946 and later married in the Salt Lake Temple. He graduated from the University of Utah medical school in 1949 and continued his training in Dallas, and then the University of Minnesota. He earned gis PhD in Physiology in 1953. He staretd to work at the Mayo Clinic where where he developed an equation for estimating the beat-by-beat stroke volume of the heart from the shape of the pressure wave in the aorta. His experience with Dr. Earl Wood at the Mayo Clinic was pivotal in his decision to pursue a career in medical research. After that (in 1954) Homer returned to Salt Lake City and with an American Heart research fellowship he opened the Cardiovascular Laboratory at the LDS Hospital. Within four years he published his first article about the use of computers to analyze waveforms. Homer established the Department of Biophysics and Bioengineering (later renamed Medical Informatics) at the University of Utah in 1964 and served as Chair. In the 1960's Homer built an analog computer to represent mathematical models of the circulation. With this tool he was able to demonstrate for the first time in experiments on animals the amount of blood pumped by the heart during exercise was dependent upon the dilatation of the blood vessels in the exercising muscles. Then, with the digital computer, he developed a model of diagnostic reasoning that could diagThe Most Influential Scientists in the Development of Medical Informatics (15)


Tonal variation is a critical component of spoken Mandarin Chinese, but is relatively rare in Western languages such as English. Native speakers of Western languages who seek to learn Mandarin Chinese often find it particularly difficult to hear and reproduce the tonal variations that are required for fluency in the language. Auditory exercises focusing on detecting tonal variation in sound files can help such learners improve their ability to accurately perceive these variations over time. Recent developments in consumer technology, such as inexpensive smartphones and tablets, have provided tools that ease the process of creating and distributing such exercises. This article will describe the essence of the content to be employed in such learning activities and provide details of the process used to record and distribute them via smartphone.


Interest in the history and significance of the ecumenical movement, including the 10th General Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Busan in 2013, both from the global and national perspectives is growing, and yet there are a few, if any, studies that approach it from the Asian or regional perspectives. In effect, the Asian ecumenical movement ushered in the regional ecumenical movement. Therefore, this article aims to survey how the Asian context relates to the ecumenical movement of the Korean Church, in particular in the post-Liberation period. This article, however, is to concentrate on the main trends of this relationship rather than writing a complete history of it. More recently, a number of Asian ecumenists, who themselves have participated in the Asian ecumenical movement, began to write books on the history of the Asian ecumenical movement. Though not sufficiently complete, these studies at least provide us for a launching ramp to delve into the history of the Asian ecumenical movement from an Asian perspective. The history of the Korean ecumenical movement in the Asian context can be summarized as follows: in the pre-Liberation period, it began to transform itself from missionary ecumenism to national ecumenism, and thus participated in nationalistic issues; and in the post-Liberation period, it evolved, tackling various issues such as nation building, civil society, and globalization through domestic and international ecumenical network, particular ecumenical solidarity. It also continues to take part in the Asian regional ecumenical movement.


Presently,predicting chloride concentration mostly based on FICK's Law as well as some improved model in this foundation.The obvious shortcoming of this method is so many parameters to be determined before using,which results in poor application.However,the neural network does not need to study relationships between different factors,commonly used in fuzzy question research.In this paper,Back-Propagation Network and Radial Basis Function Network are engaged to predict chloride concentration in concrete.Furthermore,we verified the effectiveness of the method with the experimental data.The result shows that Radial Basis Function Network is better than Back-Propagation Network at accuracy and stability.Finally a suggestion has been proposed that by establishing huge neural network database chloride concentration of different mixture ratio concrete under different environment can be predicted.


Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) (ABG) is considered by many turfgrass managers to be an intractable weed problem, particularly in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) (CBG) fairways. Bispyribac-sodium (BPS) is labeled for the control of ABG, but it can elicit objectionable levels of chlorosis in CBG. Little information exists regarding the longevity of chlorosis, other potential phytotoxic effects or the ability of BPS to control ABG in CBG. The primary objectives of this field study were to determine if the chlorosis elicited by BPS could be masked by tank-mixing the herbicide with a chelated iron plus nitrogen product and to determine an effective BPS rate for controlling ABG. Bispyribac-sodium was applied to mature fairway height CBG three times at 49 and 111 g ai/ha and two or three times at 74 g ai/ha on a two-week interval. Chlorosis appeared within one week and generally persisted for 14 to 21 days, but there was no BPS rate effect on the level or longevity of the CBG chlorosis. Tank-mixing BPS with Fe + N effectively masked the chlorosis, regardless of herbicide rate. All BPS rates and timing provided similar levels (≥ 82%) of ABG control.


Being aimed at the vital decisive problems to be solved during.making long-term planning and overall planning of the development of coal mining areas of China, this paper presents comprehensive theories and methods for the choice of mining area optimum planning schemes by use of combining technic analysis with system simulation and system optimization.The main contents are as follows: the prediction of technic and economic indexes in the developing process of existing mining areas and new mining area, including computer simulation analysis of maximum possibility of output growth in a working mine, the effect of technic progress on productive development, and grey predictive model of the change of technic and economic indexes; the dynamic simulation model of the mining area system, including five subsystem models; mining area output, investment, economic benefit, number of workers and staff of a mining area, mining area population, and ecologic environmental dynamic change under different schemes;the 0--1 programming, the goal programming and the analytic hierarchy process for contrast analysis optimization of mining area planning schemes.


Summary and conclusions Rabbits made tolerant to bacterial endotoxin tolerate an otherwise lethal exposure to hemorrhagic shock. Whereas normal, i.e. non-tolerant, rabbits are dead after 6 hours of shock in spite of having received all the blood removed, tolerant rabbits are in satisfactory condition after 6 hours in spite of having received none of the blood removed. They respond promptly when transfused at the end of 6 hours and recover completely. The same results are secured in rabbits made tolerant to, i.e. pretreated with, shock plasma. Therefore, there is reason to consider the toxin in shock plasma an endotoxin. In the rabbit tolerant to endotoxin the blood taken after 6 hours in shock is free of the toxin causing irreversibility, which is in the blood of non-tolerant rabbits in shock. In the rabbit tolerant to shock the granulocytopenic response is distinctly different from that in the non-tolerant animal. The response is less intense and recovery to a normal or above normal count occurs while the rabbit is still in shock. In the non-tolerant rabbit the granulocytopenia persists throughout the shock period. The induction of tolerance to hemorrhagic shock by shock plasma as well as by endotoxin supports the view that a bacterial factor is responsible for irreversibility to transfusion in hemorrhagic shock. The fact that rabbits tolerant to hemorrhagic shock can resist a dose of shock blood or plasma that is lethal to non-tolerant rabbits, and that their bloods do not contain the toxin which develops in non-tolerant rabbits, supports the view that tolerance to hemorrhagic shock is due to the maintenance or enhancement of the normal capacity to neutralize bacteria endotoxin.


as yet too early to draw final conclusions conicerning the efficacy of the new treatment, but certain aspects of the ii-Ilole large question involved may be profitablv reviewed. Some time ago the Times (August 25th, 1922) recorded that at a meeting of the Association of Tropical Diseases lield in Hamburg the statemenit was made that " Bayer 205 " is the key to tropical Africa, and consequently to all the colonies, and that the German Government must " be required to safeguard this discovery for Germany; its value is such that any privilege of a share in it granted to other nationis must be made conditional upon the restoration to Germany of her colonial empire." Little of the altruism of pure science is discernible in the sentiments expressed at the Hamburg meeting; and, indeed, the fact that the niature of the new remedy is kept a profound secret is sufficient indication that the Bayer Company-one of the chief sections of the great German coal-tar trust-proposes to make a commercial profit and to serve German political ends by treating tropical diseases in the territories of Britain and her allies. The complexities of the issues which will arise if this project is allowed to develop are obvious and do not call for exposition at the moment. The purpose of the present nlote is to direct attention to


This essay aims a reading proposal of Judith Teixeira's poetry, having as guiding bias her feminine writing under the sign of Sapho. From an expression of confessed female homoeroticism, it will seek the understanding of his literary project, articulated in fictional creations of different masks. With this, it also aims to not only to affirm his name in the Portuguese modernism scenario, but also to point out a possible anticipation avant la lettre of some of the main demands of the contemporary feminist movements.


The results of the atomic absorption analysis of the elemental status of pigs of Kemerovo breed are presented. The studies were carried out in pig farm in Kuzbass. Organ samples from pigs were taken immediately after slaughter and analyzed at the Analytical Center for Collective Use of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy (ACCU Sobolev IGM SB RAS) by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame and electrothermal atomization using SOLAAR M6 spectrometer (USA) according to State Standard 26929-94 "Raw food and food products. Cadmium levels in bristles (W=0.94, p>0.05) and kidneys (W=0.92, p>0.05) were characterized by normal distribution. In the breeding zone of the Kemerovo breed, the content of heavy metals in soil, water and feed was studied, which did not exceed the MPC. The mean cadmium levels in the kidneys and spleen were within the standard intervals established for pigs. Cadmium levels in the spleen and bristle were characterized by a smaller interquartile range relative to the kidneys. The obtained data on the concentration of cadmium in the organs and bristles of pigs of the Kemerovo breed can be used for the intravital assessment of the interior of animals.


On the evening of July 13, after Samaranch, President of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), announced in the International Trade Centre in Moscow that Beijing would host the Summer Olympic Games in 2008, a moving scene was being projected, on the large screen in the press center on the first floor: He Zhenliang, with tears in his eyes, was embracing his fellow IOC members who were coming up to shake hands with him in celebration.


Abstract Cubic boron nitride (cBN) was synthesized using cubic press with lithium nitride as the catalyst and hexagon boron nitride as the source material under high temperature and high pressure in this study. The high quality big-sized cBN single crystal can be synthesized with the optimized synthesis process. Comparing two different pressurization process, two different power process and three different heating times, the influence for the quality of cBN single crystal were studied. The results show that the process of gradually elevated pressure, the constant power and 15 minutes heating time are conducive to big-sized cBN crystals synthesis under high temperature and high pressure. Using the optimized synthesis process, the single block output reaches up to more than 120ct, the proportion of cBN crystal bigger than 50 mesh reaches to more than 16%, the static pressure strength of 60/70 mesh single crystal reaches to 30 N. Meanwhile, the cBN single crystals have fewer surface defects. The final result is high quality large-sized cBN single crystal was obtained.


The following theorem was proved by Paley and Wiener (4, p. 70; 1, p. 136). Theorem 1. If f(z) is a canonical product of order 1 with real zeros, and f(0) = 1, the conditions and are equivalent. n(r) denotes the number of zeros of absolute value not exceeding r. Instead of assuming the zeros to be all real Pfluger assumed that the zeros are close to the real axis and proved the following theorem (5 or 1, p. 143).


Development of approaches to the formation of organizational structures of the enterprise based on the principles of flexible management. Scientific and methodical article. The article is devoted to methodological aspects of the evolutionary development and transformation of the organizational structure of management under the influence of innovative changes that occur in the external environment on the basis of flexible management. The main stages and features of the development of organizational structures are considered. It is proposed to use the latest Agile Management methodology in the process of transformation and adaptation of the organizational structure of the enterprise, which is able to ensure the effectiveness of the process of adapting the enterprise management system to changes by integrating modern management approaches, which allows the enterprise to gain additional competitive advantages. Abstract In the era of global digitalization, the effectiveness of a business entity's activities largely depends on the organizational structure of Management, which in the process of evolutionary development undergoes certain changes in accordance with modern challenges of the external environment. The organizational structure in the


This paper investigates a problem inherent to Cloud Computing which can be modeled as a Multiobjective Shortest Path Problem. Since the latter belongs to class NP-Hard, even in the case where only two objectives are considered, not exist exact algorithms efficient for the problem. It is proposed, therefore, an algorithm Transgenético, since the technique has already been successfully applied to other multiobjective problems. The proposed algorithm is compared to the NSGA-II, an multiobjective evolutionary algorithm proposed in the literature and is recognized as a good approach. Statistical tests are used to evaluate the results produced by the approaches investigated.


Strengthening the mental health work of college students is an important act under the Party's education policy and quality education. At the same time it is an important way and method to promote the full development of college students. It is the requirement of time and cultivation of quality creative talents.


Werner syndrome helicase (WRN) plays important roles in multiple pathways of DNA repair and the maintenance of genome integrity. Recently, loss of WRN was identified as a strong synthetic lethal interaction for microsatellite instable (MSI) cancers making WRN a promising drug target. Yet, structural information for the helicase domain is lacking, which prevents structure-based design of drug molecules. In this study, we show that ATP binding and hydrolysis in the helicase domain are required for genome integrity and viability of MSI cancer cells. We then determined the crystal structure of an ADP bound form of the WRN helicase core at 2.2 Å resolution. The structure features an atypical mode of nucleotide binding with extensive contacts formed by motif VI, which in turn defines the relative positioning of the two RecA like domains. The structure features a novel additional β-hairpin in the second RecA and an unusual helical hairpin in the Zn2+ binding domain, and modelling DNA substrates based on existing RecQ DNA complexes suggests roles for these features in the binding of alternative DNA structures. We have further analysed possible interfaces formed from the interactions between the HRDC domain and the helicase core by NMR. Together, this study will facilitate the structure-based design of inhibitors against WRN helicase.


Northern California has extensive areas of irrigated pasture, which provide critical summer forage for livestock. In many of these systems, water is diverted directly from a stream into ditches or pipes and transported to individual pastures, where it is applied as flood surface irrigation. Our case study of discharges from irrigated pastures on Willow and Lassen creeks in Modoc County illustrates an assessment and monitoring approach for land managers and natural-resources professionals working to resolve water-quality impairments related to agricultural discharges from similar systems. We report correlations between four indicator variables measured in the field and the variables determined in the laboratory, to evaluate the potential for employing a strategic combination of the two.


A dynamic model of a laser thyristor based on a semiconductor heterostructure has been developed. The model takes into consideration for the first time the optically activated impact ionization in the space-charge region (SCR) and the nonlinear photogeneration of excess carriers in the base region, with the latter accounting for the threshold nature of the optical emission. It is shown that the maximum turn-ON rate of the laser thyristor is determined by the impact ionization rate in the SCR of the collector p-n junction, and the maximum current, by the rate of photogeneration of excess carriers in the base region. A satisfactory agreement between the calculated and experimental voltage and current waveforms is demonstrated.


Due to their biodiversity, forests generate a range of products and services that are of economic, social or cultural value to human beings. Natural resource management provisions should ensure the creation and maintenance of these goods and services in the long term. However, unsustainable management practices of forests do not only generate short-term benefits but also considerable costs for society. Payment by the beneficiaries of the services would enable us to internalise external costs and promote sustainable management. Two days of conferences on "Forest and water", on the multifunctionality of forests, on interactions between forests and water, on sustainable resource management, on payments for environmental services, their institutional and economic perspectives, were the basis of this brochure which presents an in-depth analysis of the information exchanged among conference participants and the public. It is intended for readers who work in international development cooperation and assistance in Switzerland and abroad. It offers additional information for local programmes in the field and at policy level.


Aquaculture is an increasing industry, with a total value of 56 billion US$ coming from 210 species. However, only few species have actual selective breeding programs and no fish is selected based on genetic marker-information. The main limitation for marker-assisted selection is the number of genetic marker and QTL maps. Accuracy of selection would be markedely increased for most traits, which today is based on information on sibs. Introduction Aquaculture is an increasing industry, with a total value of 56 billion US$ (FAO statistics, 2001). FAO estimates that there are 210 species in culture, of which the carps and oysters have the largest worldwide production. However, only few species have actual selective breeding programs. Salmonids, shrimps and tilapia have the largest breeding programs, salmonids having the most comprehensible breeding goal.


Private sector enterprises in developing countries are key partners in executing the World Bank development mandate, as well as in its eff orts to foster integrity in the projects it fi nances. The private sector drives job creation and the delivery of goods, works, and services needed to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. As the World Bank Development Commi ee said in its April 2013 vision statement, "the most eff ective path out of poverty is through access to more and be er jobs; this requires rapid and broad-based growth centering on the strong contribution of the private sector."1


This paper deals with the performance of frequency selective structures with
defects. A frequency selective structure is in this case a periodic pattern of
apertures in a conducting plate. The plate can be of arbitrary thickness. The
defects can be by deviations in the placing of the apertures, in the material
parameters, or in the shape of the apertures. First the perturbation to the far-
field pattern from a deviation in one aperture is analyzed. Then a statistical
analysis is performed for a frequency selective structure where the apertures
have a stochastic variation.


Tridentate chelate complexes of ML type (where M= Cu(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)) have been synthesized from triazine based ligand 4,6-bis(pyridylamino)-2(carbazol-9yl)-1,3,5-triazine (BPACT). Microanalytical data, magnetic susceptibility measurements, IR, 1H NMR, UV-vis and mass spectral techniques were used to characterise the structure of chelates. The electronic absorption spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest that metal complexes show square pyramidal geometry. The electrochemical behavior of copper(II) complex is studied by cyclic voltammetry. The second harmonic generation efficiency (SHG) of the ligand has been found to be higher than that of urea and KDP. The antimicrobial activity of the ligand and metal(II) complexes against the species Basillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger has been carried out and compared with the standard one. The ligand and its metal(II) complexes were screened for analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in vio.


Introduction Low back pain, often due to intervertebral disk (IVD) degeneration, is an age-associated disorder that afflicts more than half of the population, above age 70. Discs are composite structures of the peripheral collagen-rich annulus fibrosus (AF) surrounding the proteoglycan-rich central nucleus pulposus (NP). Discs have significant extracellular matrix (ECM) and low cell density, with an absence of blood vessels, a lymphatic system and nerves in all but the most peripheral annular layers.1 ECM and proper cell-to-cell contacts are essential for normal functioning of cells. ECM is mainly composed of collagens, which support the physical structure of the cell, and contain several growth factors, signal receptors, and adhesion molecules.2 Disk aging and degeneration are associated with a loss of viable cells in the disc. One therapeutic strategy would be to enhance the IVD cell population to replenish matrix. It has been demonstrated that cultured autologous disk cells can be used to regenerate IVD ECM and provide a solution for the repair of degenerated disk.3 However, it is necessary to recognize that disk cells that are grown in monolayers under normal culture conditions tend to undergo hypertrophic differentiation and express type X collagen leading to ECM degradation. We have previously reported that the elevated expression of type X collagen in mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients is significantly reduced when these cells were cultured on nitrogen-rich surfaces.4 Although stem cells can be used for cell transplantation, the absence of marker to specifically identify NP cells has restricted their clinical application. In the present study, we are culturing disk cells on surfaces with amine rich coatings to see their effect on expression of collagens and TGF β signaling. It has been reported that TGF β signaling is influenced by the nature of the surfaces to which cells adhere.5 TGF β signaling is known to influence proliferation, ECM deposition, and also collagen synthesis.6 Materials and Methods The Low-Pressure Plasma-Polymerized Ethylene Rich in Nitrogen (L-PPE: N) Coatings were deposited in a low-pressure radio-frequency glow discharge on a PET substrate. The Ultraviolet Polymerized Ethylene rich in Nitrogen (UV-PE: N) coatings were deposited in a stainless steel cross chamber, using a noncoherent Krypton lamp at 123.6 nm. Samples were polymerized for 7 hours to obtain a thickness of around 25 nm and an initial NH2 concentration of [NH2]/[C] = 9.5%. Paylene diX AM was deposited via a chemical vapor deposition process. The initial concentration of [NH2]/[C] is 6.0%. NP and AF tissues from the IVDs were digested and the corresponding NP and AF primary cells were isolated as previously described.7 These cells were cultured in complete DMEM. The cells are cultured on surfaces (L-PPE: N, UV-PE: N, Paylene diX AM and PET) and the cell extracts were prepared using lysis buffer. Protein expression was analyzed by immunoblotting using antibodies to collagen I and II (Abcam), collagen X(Sigma Aldrich). The activation of the TGF-β and BMP signaling pathways was determined by using antibodies against phospho-Smad 1/5, 2, 3, and Smad 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (cell signaling). Expression and phosphorylation of MAPKs was assessed by using specific corresponding antibodies (cell signaling). Results MAPK activation Culturing of NP cells on Paylene diX AM caused significant activation of ERK by phosphorylation compared to the substrate PET. In AF cells activation was not as significant as in NP cells. In both NP and AF cells there is no change in JNK phosphorylation as compared to PET. TGF β and BMP signaling In NP cells there is a significant decrease of Smad 1/5 phosphorylation in cells cultured on L-PPE:N, UV-PE:N, Paylene diX AM surfaces compared to the cells cultured on PET substrate. On the other hand in AF cells, this decrease was seen only in L-PPE:N, Paylene diX AM surfaces. The phosphorylation of Smad 2 and 3 was not significant and no change was observed from control PET. Conclusion Results obtained indicate that there is an altered MAPK signaling in the IVD cells cultured on these surfaces. Decreased phosphorylation of Smad 1/5 but not Smad 2 and 3 suggests altered BMP signaling. I confirm having declared any potential conflict of interest for all authors listed on this abstract Yes Disclosure of Interest None declared Roughley PJ. Biology of intervertebral disk aging and degeneration: involvement of the extracellular matrix. Spine 2004;29:2691–2699 Kim SH, Turnbull J, Guimond S. Extracellular matrix and cell signalling: the dynamic cooperation of integrin, proteoglycan and growth factor receptor. Journal of Endocrinology 2011;209(2):139–151 Hohaus C, Ganey TM, Minkus Y, Meisel HJ. Cell transplantation in lumbar spine disk degeneration disease. European Spine Journal 2008;17(4):492–503 Rampersad S, Ruiz JC, Petit A, Lerouge S, Antoniou J, Wertheimer MR, Mwale F. Stem cells, nitrogen-rich plasma-polymerized culture surfaces, and type X collagen suppression. Tissue Engeneering Part A 2011;17(19–20):2551–2560 Li L, Klim JR, Derda R, Courtney AH, Kiessling LL. Spatial control of cell fate using synthetic surfaces to potentiate TGF-beta signaling. Proceedings of National Academy of Science USA 2011;108(29): 11745–11750 Murata H, Zhou L, Ochoa S, Hasan A, Badiavas E, Falanga V. TGF-beta3 stimulates and regulates collagen synthesis through TGF-beta1-dependent and independent mechanisms. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1997;108(3): 258–262 Mwale F, Demers CN, Petit A, Roughley P, Poole AR, Steffen T, Aebi M, Antoniou J, A synthetic peptide of link protein stimulates the biosynthesis of collagens II, IX and proteoglycan by cells of the intervertebral disc. Journal of Cell Biochemistry 2003;88(6):1202–1213


The development trend of microprocessor is the multi-core and many-core,which bring new challenges to the computer architecture.The Research Accelerator for Multiple Processors(RAMP) has been proposed to deal with these challenges.RAMP simulates the highly parallel architecture with the speed of FPGA-level hardware by using multi-FPGA simulation.It provides new approach for the research on parallel and multi-core architecture.In this paper,the architecture and design framework of RAMP are analyzed,and the main projects on RAMP are introduced briefly.The research work on RAMP is summarized and analyzed from the aspects of RAMP architecture,FPGA hardware platform,re-usable module library and simulator prototype.Finally,the development trend of the research on RAMP is discussed.


The general objective of this research was to understand the effective uses of archival documents in memory centers of the Brazilian Federal Judiciary to promote memory. As theoretical basis, were raised the epistemological foundations of the sociocultural character of information in the informational field, the relations between archive and memory, questions about the heritage and its values, the archival functions evaluation, preservation and access, conceptualization of memory center and the characterization of informational policies, information regimes and worth regimes underlying these centers. An exploratory research was carried out on the sites of the memory centers of the Brazilian Federal Judicial Power, to verify and analyze the effective uses of the archival documents. The analysis of these uses allowed to conclude that there is a predominant, but not exclusive, mobilization of the institutional memory in the accomplishment of the memory works with archival documents, with few works of promotion of the socio-historical dynamics verified from these documents.


ABSTRACT Two groups of the selected pesticides were investigated: 1st group—monolinuron (1), chlorotoluron (2), diuron (3), isoproturon (4), linuron (5); and 2nd group—dimefuron (6), diflubenzuron (7), teflubenzuron (8), and lufenuron (9). The retention times (t R ), the peak resolutions (R S ), and the separation factors (α) indicate that the mobile phases containing 55% and 85% methanol in water are the best for separations of first and second groups of investigated pesticides, respectively.


Canfield Scientific, Inc. has developed a variety of 2D and 3D imaging systems, analysis methods, and algorithms for studying facial features. VISIA-CR (Figure 1) is a 2D clinical imaging system, designed to take highly reproducible full-face images in a controlled environment. Images can then be analyzed using VAESTRO® Image Analysis Toolkit, developed for objective, quantitative assessment of 2D facial images based on area, shape, color, and contrast. PRIMOS Lite (Figure 2) is a 3D fringe-projection system, which captures smaller-field 3D images of facial target areas. PRIMOS software is used to measure skin geometric microstructure using a 3D topographical height map image.


The sociolinguistic study of discourse features is still at a very elementary stage, so there is very little evidence available on which to trace changes in the use of such features. One feature that has received attention is the use of non-traditional quotatives in the U.S., particularly by younger speakers, in the past twenty years. The use of be like as a quotative has spread from its presumed origin in California to other parts of the U.S. and also to Canada and England. This paper examines the further spread of non-traditional quotatives to the speech of adolescents in Glasgow and how these forms might have been transmitted.


In the era of big data, it seems like seeking for a needle in a haystack to find a tiny evidence associated with proceedings from the mass of electronic data,and the complexity of data is also a challenge to the quality of E-evidence, as not only increases the cost of collecting E-evidence, but also makes the imbalance of E-evidence a difficult structural problems to solve. The era of big data has spawned new methods of collecting E-evidence, and the mining technology of big data also provides new ideas to the discovery of E-evidence. In the era of big data, it is thus necessary for us to make the collection mode of evidence play a bigger role by using big data processing technology. Confronting the effects of big data, we should improve the rights and obligations of collecting E-evidence, give corresponding weight to the collection of E-evidence by using new technologies, which can effectively protect the parties equitably access to evidence, maintain equitable competition, and promote litigation and the discovery of authenticity in the civil proceedings.


Calculations of rate constants are presented for fast neutral reactions between polar diatomic and polyatomic molecules. The method applies the infinite-order sudden approximation to treat the rotations of the diatomic molecule and a rotational adiabatic approximation with asymmetric top wavefunctions to describe the rotations of the polyatomic. A capture approximation is used to calculate reaction cross sections and rate constants. The interaction potential is expressed as a sum of dipole-dipole and dispersion contributions. The calculated rate constants compare well with analytical formulas derived for the limits of high and very low temperatures. The NaO + H 2 O, NaO + O 3 , CH + CH 2 O and SH + NO 2 reactions are considered as examples and calculated rate constants are compared with experiment for these four fast reactions.


In this paper,introduces the conditon of drying slime system in Panbei preparation plant and the construction of back and forth type burner.Aim at problem exsited in use process of the back and forth type burner of XP.Analyzed the break down reason.Put forward the solution and reforms the project,and evaluated the usage result reforming behind.


Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia of which the incidence increases with age. AD has a strong genetic component, for which further study is essential to identify pathways that can be targeted therapeutically, as no cure is available yet. While most studies have focused over the years on the early onset risk factors (i.e. APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2), those represent only a minor fraction of all cases. GWAS studies have identified ≈30 late‐onset AD (LOAD) susceptibility loci that, when functionally clustered, are directly or indirectly linked to cellular trafficking routes and functioning. These include genes linked to cholesterol metabolism, endocytic transport regulation and lysosomal processes. The genetic findings concur with the appearance of endolysosomal abnormalities at preclinical stages, before the appearance of senile plaques and tangles.


Multilevel inverters with a large number of steps can generate high quality voltage waveforms, good enough to be considered as suitable voltage source generators. An advanced multilevel inverter topology is proposed to optimize number of bidirectional switches. In this work the an five-level cascade H-bridge Inverter, which uses multicarrier based control structure and two capacitor with 10 switching MOSFETs topology is being presented. Analysis is done for RL and pure resistive load. The PWM strategy reduces the THD and this strategy enhances the fundamental output voltage. The experimental and simulated results show that total harmonic distortion of output voltage and current waveform shapes are 5.16 % and 5.77% respectively for RL load which are within the acceptable limits.


The robustness properties of bipartite entanglement in systems of N bosons distributed in M different modes are analyzed using a definition of separability based on commuting algebras of observables, a natural choice when dealing with identical particles. Within this framework, expressions for the robustness and generalized robustness of entanglement can be explicitly given for large classes of boson states: their entanglement content results in general much more stable than that of distinguishable particles states. Using these results, the geometrical structure of the space of N boson states can be explicitly addressed.


The paper summarizes an effort in which real-time radiography was implemented for on-line arc welding process study and control. X-ray penetrating radiation was used for volume observation in the welding pool and the heat-affected zone during the weld process. The advantages of such a technique are online detection and monitoring of defect formation in the weld and capability to study metal fusion and filler metal/base metal interaction and metal transfer in the welding pool. This technique may also be used for postservice, real-time remote testing of weld quality. A new concept of arc welding process control was developed based on using information on weld quality, received from automatic recognition of real-time radiographic images, in feedback for closedloop weld control. This distinguishes the radiographic approach from more conventional methods where indirect information on weld quality is used. The experimental system developed during this project integrates the welding apparatus and the real-time radiographic system together with a digital image processor unit and appropriate computers and software packages. Using this system, closed-loop process control was demonstrated through the control of weld penetration during submerged arc welding. Special attention was given to the evaluation of system parameters such as detectability and resolution. Monitoring the welding process with real-time radiography may also provide new opportunities for studying arc welding physics. As an example, the metal transfer mode and plasma pressure cycle for submerged arc welding have been determined. Another potential application of the system may be for weld pool analysis, where on-line monitoring of the pool dimensions can be used for control of weld penetration.


CONTEXT
Neuroendocrine tumors of the ampulla of Vater constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms clinically and morphologically. Because they are rare, little is known about their demographics and biologic behavior.

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the demographics and the 5- and 10-year relative survival rates of 139 patients with carcinoid tumors and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampulla.

DESIGN
Using data from National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program from 1973 to 2006, we analyzed the demographics, morphology, and survival of patients with carcinoids and neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampulla.

RESULTS
SEER recorded 6081 cases of malignant neoplasms of the ampulla, of which 82 were carcinoid tumors and 57 were high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. Of these 57, 42 were neuroendocrine carcinomas, not otherwise specified; 9 were small cell carcinomas; and 6 were large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. The incidence was higher in men than in women. Patients with carcinoid tumors were younger (mean age, 61.6 years) than those with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (mean age, 67.5 years). Carcinoid tumors were smaller than high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. The frequency of lymph node metastasis was 28.5% for carcinoid tumors and 62% for high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. The 5- and 10-year relative survival rates of patients with carcinoid tumors were 82% and 71%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year relative survival rate of patients with high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas was 15.7%.

CONCLUSIONS
Carcinoids of the ampulla of Vater are relatively rare. Carcinoids and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the ampulla are biologically and clinically similar to these tumors arising in other sites. Carcinoids were smaller and metastasized less frequently than high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas.


The coatings are fabricated using austenitic stainless steel powder with various contents of carbon and boron via laser remanufacturing technique. A new synchronous lateral powder feeding device is adopted to avoid surface oxidation of molten pool. The authors find that the strength can be increased but plasticity is decreased of with the rise of boron content due to the formation of lamellar borides phase structures, which are very brittle and have high hardness. In addition, the authors also find that the tensile strength and hardness are enhanced by increasing the content of carbon, while the plasticity is deteriorated due to the formed carbide in the grain of the austenitic stainless steel coating.


A method for separation and quantification of three flavonoids by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed and validated. Flavonoids present in a crude methanolic extract of the inner bark of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul., Fabaceae, were analyzed. Rutin, isoquercitrin and quercetin were used as calibration standards. The analysis was performed using a Thermo Scientific Hypersil C18 column (250 x 4.0 mm i.d., 5 μm particle size), as stationary phase, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and detection at a wavelength of 356 nm. The proposed method was validated by resolution RE No. 899/2003 of the National Health Surveillance Agency. In this study, an excellent linearity was obtained with r higher than 0.99. Besides, the chromatographic peaks showed good resolution. With other validation data, including precision, specificity, accuracy and robustness, this method demonstrated good reliability and sensitivity, and can be conveniently used for the quantification of rutin, isoquercitrin and quercetin in crude methanolic extract of D. gardneriana pods. Furthermore, there are the advantages of easy sample preparation and short time between each injection.


The paper presents a numerical simulation and experimental evaluation of active microwave monitoring of temperature changes induced in human pelvis and thorax during hyperthermia treatments of cancer.


Synopsis The results of a number of laboratory tests on small scale trenches supported by clay suspensions in cohesionless soil are presented. The results have been analysed using the measured slip surfaces and compared with the results obtained from Coulomb's wedge theory. It was found that the stability of the system depended on the hydrostatic pressure of the slurry, the shearing resistance of the slurry-saturated sand and the passive resistance of the clay suspension. A simplified theory has been proposed to calculate the shearing resistance of the zone of soil saturated with slurry. Graphs of the factor of safety against surface settlement have also been plotted and it was found that relatively small settlements occurred until the factor of safety fell below 1·1. Comparison between the model results and full size trenches indicates that the same stabilizing mechanisms operate but their relative magnitudes are altered. It is concluded that the stability of full scale trenches supported by a clay suspe...


Application potential of the carbon-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:C) for radiation dosimetry using the thermoluminescence (TL) or the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques has been shown recently [1]. In particular, the OSL sensitivity of the non-optimized YAG:C to β-radiation (Sr/Y, 10 mGy) was found to be about 0.1 of the commercial α-Al2O3:C. The present work was aimed to check the photoluminescent and thermoluminescent properties of YAG:C phosphor and to compare them with other yttrium-aluminum oxides of YAlO3 (YAP) and Y4Al2O9 (YAM). For this purpose, the nominally pure compounds of YAG, YAP and YAM in the form of nanopowders have been synthesized by the solution combustion method using urea as a fuel, as described in [2]. The solid ceramic samples have been prepared from the obtained nanopowders at 1000-1500 °C in strongly reducing conditions (pure N2 gas atmosphere + graphite equipment). Besides, doping with carbon (from 1 to 5 wt.%) was used. Similar ceramic samples, however without carbon doping and prepared in oxidizing conditions (in air), were studied for comparison as well. The obtained powder and ceramic materials were controlled by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The work presents results on photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation, TL and OSL properties of the materials after exposure to UV(250-400 nm) or ionizing γ(Co) and β(Sr/Y) radiations. The observed luminescent properties of the materials are related to the F-type centers created on the basis of oxygen vacancies, antisite (YAl) defects and uncontrolled Tb impurity ions.


ABSTRACT Ion irradiation of KTaO3 has been performed to investigate the evolution of irradiation damage with and without significant electronic energy deposition. Damage accumulation under irradiation with 2 MeV Au ions follows a direct-impact/defect-stimulated model, and occurs more rapidly than in SrTiO3 under similar conditions. Electronic energy deposition from 21 MeV Ni ions creates negligible damage in pristine KTaO3 to depths of 1 micron; however, damage is greatly enhanced in samples containing pre-existing defects, as evidenced by rapid amorphization due to track formation. The cross-sections for amorphous tracks show a nearly linear dependence on initial disorder, comparable with SrTiO3. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT IMPACT STATEMENT Structural modification in KTaO3 is sensitive to both electronic and nuclear energy deposition that can be controlled to exploit promising electronic and optical functionalities.


Abstract The aftermath of Brexit has been contrary to prediction and even to the fears widely voiced on the morning the vote came in. What will happen next depends first on British politics, second on EU law, third on the rapidly evolving geometry of Europe, and finally, on the actions of external powers. The prospect is not good; reform through democratization of the European project remains one frail hope for a better outcome.


In the present time; the electrical energy demand by the consumer cannot be completely fulfilled by standalone conventional energy resources. For the rural areas it becomes more difficult to provide 24 hours continuous supply on daily basis. Along with this difficulty there is another problem of continuous day by day degradation of conventional energy resources. For rural electrification the use of hybrid energy resources is becoming more attractive solution. The hybrid system can be a combination of different nonconventional resources like PV; DG; Battery and converter etc. With these resources the system can maintain its reliability. This paper presents simulation and optimization of a hybrid based power generation system using PV array and Diesel generator. The simulation and optimization is done using "Homer" software. The hybrid system is designed as to completely fulfill the demand of the consumer of Sotai village at latitude (28°17′16″) and longitude (77°21′35″) of district Faridabad in Haryana. In this village only about 12 hours electricity is provided from grid therefore electric supply is not reliable and the consumers demand cannot be completely fulfilled. The area chosen has a power demand of 11937.65 kWh/day and solar radiation is about 5.14 kWh/m2/day. The solar radiation simulation and optimization gives the optimum cost and size of the hybrid power system. In this system the fuel required for power generation is low because of the PV/DG Combination. The system is highly relative to the cost optimization and environment.


Through listing the actual examples of the description, this paper sums up, analyzes on and probes into the features and principles of the description of CNMARC Field 200 in CALIS United Catalog from two aspects of the description of monovolume book title and the description of multivolume book title.


This paper discusses estimation of US inflation volatility using time varying parameter models, in particular whether it should be modelled as a stationary or random walk stochastic process. Specifying inflation volatility as an unbounded process, as implied by the random walk, conflicts with priors beliefs, yet a stationary process cannot capture the low frequency behaviour commonly observed in estimates of volatility. We therefore propose an alternative model with a change-point process in the volatility that allows for switches between stationary models to capture changes in the level and dynamics over the past forty years. To accommodate the stationarity restriction, we develop a new representation that is equivalent to our model but is computationally more efficient. All models produce effectively identical estimates of volatility, but the change-point model provides more information on the level and persistence of volatility and the probabilities of changes. For example, we find a few well defined switches in the volatility process and, interestingly, these switches line up well with economic slowdowns or changes of the Federal Reserve Chair. T H E A U S T R A L I A N N A T I O N A L U N I V E R S I T Y


The current Internet needs to support a wide variety of applications with different
demands in terms of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements including constraints on
throughput, delay, jitter, loss rate. Differentiated Service (DiffServ) has been proposed by
the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), motivated by the desire to serve different
types of traffic in IP networks. While much of the existing work on DiffServ focus on
scheduling policies, in order to provide QoS for high-quality Internet applications, QoSaware
path selection is important. Known as QoS Routing (QoSR), this multiple
constraints path selection is considered NP-Complete. Some algorithms provide QoS in
term of routing, but they usually focus on improving the performance of the highest
priority traffic, at the expense of the lower priority classes. In order to fully exploit the
network resources, and to meet QoS requirements of various classes concurrently, it is
important to establish class dependent paths. Therefore, an algorithm which can
adaptively assign network resources to meet the QoS requirements of different classes
simultaneously is still needed.
This research presents a per class QoS routing approach based on Ant Colony
Optimization (ACO) called ACR-QoS to provide QoS for different Class of Services
(CoSs). Traffic of different classes can be distributed in accordance with network states
and QoS requirements. The important new aspect of ACR-QoS is the combination of
constraint-based routing and DiffServ architecture, in Swarm Intelligence (SI) structure
where a set of artificial ants is used to determine the optimal path for each class to
construct class-based routing tables. This approach allows easy and efficient design of
service classes, while no changes are needed at lower layers. This study also introduces a
new probe-based procedure for discovery and setup QoS path for real-time traffic. The
proposed scheme has been simulated by OMNET++ and compared with standard AntNet
and two well-known standard QoS routings; Widest Shortest Path (WSP) algorithm and Shortest Widest Path (SWP) algorithm. Experiment results show that the desired service
class differentiation is obtained and ACR-QoS satisfies the QoS requirements of each
CoS without discriminating against the best-effort traffic. In comparison with standard
AntNet, results confirm that the modifications and extensions applied to AntNet can
significantly reduce the average packet delay and jitter by about 11.8% and 46%
respectively in transient regime. It can also improve the throughput in link failure state by
about 25% and decrease the packet loss rate by 27% and 39% before and during link
failure respectively. Moreover, the proposed approach outperforms the WSP and SWP
algorithms, where network efficiency in saturated load gains an 8.39% improvement
while the satisfaction of delay and jitter constraints for time critical applications are also
achieved. In saturated load, efficiency is a very important parameter and a few changes in
it can result in high performance of network to delivery of data.