In the past few years, Run-to-Run (R2R) control techniques have been developed in process control. The R2R control methods integrate statistical process control (SPC) and engineering process control (EPC) techniques in semiconductor manufacturing processes. In traditional R2R control scheme, the process controller provides the feedback control for process output so that each run can be close to the target. However, each run needs to control or to adjust a process would result in some unnecessary control cost when the process is stable. In other words, it isn't the best control method for a process. Thus, this research combines the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) lines in EWMA (exponentially weighted moving average) control chart as the control criterion for adjusting threshold to determine whether to start a R2R process controller. When the process output goes beyond the threshold, the controller starts and revises the next run of process to compensate the deviation from target. The developed control scheme differs from the traditional R2R is not to adjust for every run in process. Then it decreases the frequency of adjustment in process. When the quality characteristic lose slightly, making the stable process and decreases the control cost in producing processes by reducing the adjust frequency. The result of this research showed that whether in ARMA(1,1)or IMA(1,1) time series process models, the frequency of adjustment decrease 50% by combining the action of adjustment under the parameter of autoregressive is 0.1 in process. Then, using the Bootstrap method to estimate the MSE (mean square error) of process output confidence interval under the different parameter combinations. Contrast MSE values in traditional R2R and the control scheme in this research, indicated that the difference are not statistically significant under 95% confidence interval.


Background: cerebral ischemia is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality over the world. Limitation of blood supply to the brain tissue by thrombi result in ischemic stroke which disrupt cellular homeostasis due to diminished oxygen and nutrient supply to the brain.
However, the restoration of blood flow to the area affected by ischemia can cause more worsening to the ischemic tissue due to a group of inflammatory and apoptotic event that result with ischemia – reperfusion injury and cause neuronal cell death and neurological dysfunction.
Aims: To study the neuroprotective effects of Telmisartan in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats,
Material and methods: forty male Wister albino rats were divided randomly into four groups as flow:
Group (1) Healthy group: the rats were subjected to the same surgical procedure as other groups but the common carotid artery was not occluded
Group (2) Control group :(ischemic-reperfused) this group will be subjected to the same surgical procedure with the unilateral common carotid artery occluded for 30 minutes.
Group (3) Telmisartan pre ischemia group: the rats orally administered (3mg/kg) for 7 days before carotid artery occlusion.
Group (4): Telmisartan post ischemia group: the rats orally administered (3mg/kg) for 7 days after carotid artery occlusion.
Results: in comparison with healthy group, the control group show significant increase in inflammatory mediator (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α). Telmisartan pre and post ischemia was significantly reducing the cerebral level of (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) in comparsion with control group.
Also, the histopathological analysis revealed that each of Telmisartan pre and post ischemia reduce the severity of brain injury and damage in comparison to the control group.
Conclusions: the results of the present study showed that the use of Telmisartan in pre and post ischemia confer neuroprotection in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury due to their anti-inflammatory anti-apoptotic effect.


This paper describes the three stage stacked low noise amplifier for automotive radar applications. Stack structure is employed to overcome the inability of MOSFETs to operate at high voltage levels, as stacked MOSFETs can tolerate k × V max where V max can be chosen to be near the breakdown voltage of a single device. Realized in 65nm CMOS process, the stacked amplifier provides a gain of 15 dB with noise figure of 3.5 dB at 79 GHz. The amplifier draws 28.2 mA current from a 3V supply. To examine the nonlinear behavior of the amplifier Volterra analysis is performed, second and third order harmonic distortions are determined. The effect of feedback on the output resistance is examined using Blackman's analysis. Sensitivity analysis of the stacked LNA is also performed to determine the effect of parameter variations on the circuit performance.


We report the potential phylogenetic utility of the small RUBISCO subunit (rbc S) sequences from a sampling of Antithamnion and related genera in ceramiacean algae. The size of rbc S was 417 bp for all taxa examined. Analyses of the DNA sequence data indicated that pairwise divergences of rbc S sequences were 3.3%–9.8% among species of Antithamnion, and ranged from 13.6% to 18.0% between Antithamnion and related genera. Phylogenetic analyses fully resolved relationships at the intrageneric level with statistical significance supported by high bootstrap values. Two subgenera of Antithamnion, Pteroton and Antithamnion, were clearly distinguished in the molecular tree. In the clade of subgenus Pteroton, A. aglandum was allied with A. callocladum and separated from A. nipponicum. In the pairwise distance comparison of sequence variation, Ceramium showed the greatest genetic distances among genera examined in the study. All phylogenetic trees generated by the maximum parsimony, neighbor joining, and maximum likelihood were completely congruent in topology with high confidence.


Jasmonic acid regulates various abiotic stress responses but its role in regulation of copper (Cu) homeostasis has been poorly studied. This present study was conducted to explore the potential of jasmonic acid (JA) to enhance copper (Cu) tolerance in Cajanus cajan seedlings in terms of photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes and antioxidants. Seeds treated with different concentration (0, 1 µM, 1 nM and 1 pM) of JA raised in toxic concentration of Cu for 15 days were taken for investigation. Results indicate that Cu stress led to the decreased growth in terms of shoot length, fresh and dry weight. Cu stress also increased Cu accumulation, lipid peroxidation, deteriorated chlorophyll b as well as carotenoids. Cu stress also diminished total proteins, vitamins A, C and B2, and peroxidase activity which led to the deteriorated plant growth and metabolism. Seed priming treatment of JA on the other hand improved the protein content, sugar content and vitamins indicating the potential of JA for Cu stress tolerance. The JA supplementation to Cu stressed seedlings improved Cu tolerance of C. cajan to significant level.

 Key words: Oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, osmolyte, pigeon pea.


An experimental study has been made of boundary conditions at the positive end of positive columns in neon which were traversed by waves of ionization (moving striations) proceeding towards the Faraday dark space. The striations were generated from small anode spots, which usually oscillated with increasing amplitude until they became detached from the anode. Closely similar processes took place at the negative end of a capillary tube when the discharge was passed through the capillary into a wide tube. A few typical time-resolved photographs of the oscillations have been reproduced to illustrate the nature of the phenomena and their dependence on pressure and current, and possible causes of the oscillations are discussed briefly.


The genetic evaluation of Kankrej bulls was done by using three different methods viz., BLUP, Wombat sire, andWombat animal models. First lactation 305-days yields of 348 daughters born to 9 sires and calved from 2016 to 2020 were used for the analyses. For BLUP analysis, season and year of calving were considered as fixed effects, andsire was considered as random effect. The overall average estimate of 2414.40 kg was obtained in BLUP method while 2430.29 kg was obtained in both Wombat sire and animal models. The results revealed that the Wombat animal model discriminated against the sires to the maximum extent followed by Wombat sire and BLUP models. Based on the results, two Kankrej bulls viz., K.8.32 and K.8.62 can be selected as proven bulls for nominated mating for improving the milk productivity of Kankrej cattle.


Weertman has recently pointed out that an elastic line singularity of dislocation/force line character but of zero Burgers vector and zero line force can move at the Stoneley velocity along the interface in a bicrystal of two different isotropic materials [J. Weertman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 2655 (2004)]. The theory of this quasidislocation is generalized to the case of anisotropic bicrystals. The quasidislocation–Stoneley wave connection remains generally true and is further elucidated. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Turmeric has long been used as a strong anti-inflammatory in Indian drug systems. Turmeric is rich in curcuminoids that have different chemical, physico-chemical properties. Current work reports exraction of curcuminoids, curcumin using the Soxhlet extractor. Purification and quantification of curcumin is performed by chromatography. The yield percentage of curcumin reported 4.09% by the Soxhlet extraction method. Different solvent were used for extraction, among them acetone extract was with high yield of curcumin. Individual curcumin extract analysed using UV-VIS Spectroscopy and HPLC. Our results showed that the Salem turmeric contains highest percentage of curcumin. The in vitroMTT assay on the U87MG glioma cell line demanstrated anti-cancer activity of isolated curcumin.


In this work we present a Pattern Search optimizer, which being a deterministic method enjoys provable convergence properties. Furthermore, we develop alternatives and extensions of the standard deterministic method, and innovative hybrid algorithms merging the the Pattern Search with some stochastic approaches. Finally, we apply this method to a real case problem for the pose detection for magnetic-assisted medical applications in order to optimize the performance of the device


We investigate the use of gratings on porous silicon structures for sensing applications. Examples of two classes of systems are studied: grating-coupled waveguide biosensors, and diffraction-based biosensors.


The identification of railway ballast degradation under a concrete sleeper is investigated following the Bayesian approach. The rail-sleeper-ballast system is modeled as a Timoshenko beam with two added masses on an elastic foundation. In the model updating process, the stiffness of the ballast foundation is assumed to be continuous along the sleeper by using a polynomial. The accuracy of the identified ballast stiffness distribution strongly depends on the level of modeling error and measurement noise. In the proposed method, Bayesian probabilistic approach is adopted to explicitly address the uncertainties associated with measured modal parameters. A numerical case study is considered in this paper to verify the proposed ballast damage detection method, and the analysis results are very encouraging showing that it is possible to use the measured vibration data of the in-situ sleeper for the purpose of ballast degradation identification.


We examine the effects of the Fed's Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facilities (SMCCF) on both firm-level outcomes and bond market conditions. Using secondary bond market transactions matched to corporate balance sheet data, we find borrowers did not raise real investment but increased their share of long-term debt. However, this effect is driven primarily by a flight-to-safety channel rather than the differential impact from SMCCF-eligibility. Moreover, using a bond-level difference-in-differences specification where each eligible bond is matched to an ineligible bond in terms of credit-rating, firm size and industry, we find substantial improvement in liquidity (bid-ask spreads) and cost of borrowing (bond yield). The program also improved bond valuations but the effect was economically small. Overall, our results indicate the Fed's intervention helped restore corporate bond market stability but had relatively smaller effect at the firm-level.


This paper proposes a finite element method for nonlinear sloshing analysis of the liquid storage tanks with the single-deck type floating roof. The elastic finite elements with geometrical non-linearity are applied on modeling the floating roof, and the liquid elements are formulated based on the potential theory and the variational principle. The interaction problem of the elastic body and the fluid is formulated based on the variational principle, therefore the equilibrium equations are simply derived. The 100,000kl tank struck by the 2003 Tokachi-oki earthquake is modeled for the numerical example, and the seismic response analysis is performed. As this result, it is found that the high-order mode vibration, of which deformation is the 1st radial mode and the 3rd circumferential mode, might occur as the second mode vibration grows on the floating roof, and large stress such that the pontoon is collapsed might appear in the floating roof.


In recent years,China's energy companies are facing the increasingly heary environmental pressures in the process of the development.This paper,through the theoretical and practical analysis,will make clear that environmental strategy is the inevitable choice of China's energy companies for seeking to develop.It also points out that the idea should be changed thoroughly to guide the establishment of ecological production process as to build a strategic alliance across the enterprise and a green value system.


Young people should have more convenient access to contraception and sexual health advice to reduce unwanted pregnancies, says new guidance from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE).1

Although the rate of conception among women under 18 years old in 2012 was the lowest since 1969, there were still 27 834 conceptions in this age group in England and Wales—one of the highest teen pregnancy rates in Europe. Almost half (49%) of these conceptions among teenagers resulted in an abortion, show figures …


We consider biased random walks in positive random conductances on the d-dimensional lattice in the zero-speed regime and study their scaling limits. We obtain a functional Law of Large Numbers for the position of the walker, properly rescaled. Moreover, we state a functional Central Limit Theorem where an atypical process, related to the Fractional Kinetics, appears in the limit.


The voting on international standard in the tobacco industry takes a lot of paper works in China.A WEB-based voting system was designed by adopting B/S structure,involving the management of data about voting,subjects and experts.Voting could be conducted at any time and any place,which is convenient to either experts or the secretariat.The practical application showed that the system was reliable.Votings on more than 20 international standard subjects have been carried out through this system,received over 600 votes from more than 20 domestic experts and 18 tobacco industrial companies.


APA Citation Safwat, M. (2017).The implementation of the United Nations security council resolutions on Libya [Master's Thesis, the American University in Cairo]. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/686 MLA Citation Safwat, Mostafa Ahmed Mostafa. The implementation of the United Nations security council resolutions on Libya. 2017. American University in Cairo, Master's Thesis. AUC Knowledge Fountain. https://fount.aucegypt.edu/etds/686


Abstract A DISEASE of the upper digestive tract caused by a protozoon of the genus Trichomonas has long been recognized in pigeons. A similar condition was described in turkeys by Volkmar (1930), and discussed more fully by Hawn (1937). Stabler (1938a) considered that the causative protozoa of trichomoniasis in pigeons and turkeys belonged to the same species. In chickens, Giercke (1933) described a disease of the upper digestive tract associated with Trichomonas. Yakimoff (1934) encountered a Trichomonas which he named Trichomonas halli in the throat of a single chicken. Schaaf and Scherle (1938a, b, c) found trichomonads with four anterior flagella on the healthy mucous membrane of the throat of 2 percent of the healthy chickens which they examined. They did not consider this organism pathogenic. Recently Levine and Brandly (1939) described an outbreak in Illinois of a disease of the upper digestive tract of chickens associated with Trichomonas. More recently . . .


We investigate the dephasing of quantum beats between the continuum states of the heavy-light hole valence bands in GaAs, excited by a coherent femtosecond laser pulse. A Coulomb quantum kinetic calculation is used to determine the quantum beats for a coherent differential transmission experiment. Our theory is based on the full two-time-dependent RPA-screened Coulomb potential which is calculated self-consistently and evolves from a bare potential to the well-known dynamically screened RPA potential for long times. Our calculation shows that strongly damped quantum beats between the continuum states of the heavy-light hole valence bands still persist at higher excitation densities of 10 17 to 10 18 cm -3 .


The invention provides a method of preparing pelletized aquaculture feed for administration to farmed aquatic animals which method comprises: causing water to circulate in a loop conduit; introducing aquaculture feed pellets into water circulating in said loop conduit whereby to expose said pellets to pressure changes and thereby cause said pellets to become water-impregnated; and retrieving water-impregnated aquaculture feed pellets from said loop conduit.


"Robert McPhail, Administrator, Western Area Power Administration (Western) announced today that the proposed power rate increase for electric power generated by the Colorado River Storage Project (CRSP) has been revised to 25.8 percent from the 23.8 percent increase announced last September."


This chapter surveys the character and quality of national and nationalist feeling in fiction from Britain and Northern Ireland either side of 1997, when a majority of Scots voted to re-establish a Scottish Parliament with tax-raising powers. First, the chapter considers that, if there is some sort of correlation between constitutional change and cultural politics, then we should expect to see strong signs of nationalist feeling in the novel after 1970. Second, just as there are marked differences of competency and make-up between the three devolved assemblies, we should not expect these nationalisms, and the novelistic forms in which they are expressed, to be homogenous. Nor should we be surprised if they overlap. Finally, we should not mistake the absence of constitutional reform in England as a sign that nationalism exists, or is important, everywhere but England.


Identifying factors of export price fluctuation in agricultural products is necessary to equip decision makers and producers with bases and tools in forecasting price fluctuation and then suggesting solutions for risk mitigation. This research integrated quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze and measure effects of some major factors on export price of Vietnamese coffee. The data of 34 years from 1981 to 2014 shows that coffee price have fluctuated with a cycle of 5-year increase and 7-year decrease. The study found major factors of the price fluctuation are exchange rate and export prices of other exporting countries like Brazil and Colombia. Export price of Brazilian coffee made a positive effect on the price of Vietnamese suggesting a competition between two countries in the world coffee market while Colombian coffee occupied its own market share. To promote sustainable growth in exports, Vietnamese coffee needs to maintain stable markets and invest more on branding and product quality to improve its competition capacity.


Amidst declining response rates, low-cost methods to decrease nonresponse and reduce nonresponse bias are a priority for survey research, especially for research targeting younger and college-aged populations who typically have lower response rates. While web surveys have grown more popular due to the high rate of Internet penetration for younger populations and the low cost of administration, this mode typically results in even lower response rates than other modes. Research suggests that features of the email invitation can enhance survey salience and response rates. In this study, we conduct a split-ballot randomized web survey to determine the effect of tone in the email invitation on nonresponse for an undergraduate student population. We find that an informal tone in the survey invitation results in a significantly lower response rate for males, but not for females.


The article considers the regularities of the structure of Troitsky Selenginsky monastery's decrees of the first half of the 18th century and methods of order expression in the studied documents. The modal constructions, correspondent to structure elements, are described on the basis of the regularities.


This work aims to analyze and explain the didactic strategies used to achieve meaningful learning. The problem addressed here is the need to change traditional didactic teaching in higher education programs toward more meaningful learning-oriented approaches. It begins under the assumption that meaningful learning is created if students are given freedom and confidence, they can find their own answers and developing their knowledge, both in the classroom and in practical life. The method used is the analytical-descriptive one of the reviews of the literature of the main authors who have given rise to this approach, its elements and the didactic strategies used. The result of the analysis shows the need to move from traditional didact teaching in higher education programs toward more meaningful learning-oriented strategies. It is concluded that the design and implementation of didactic strategies focused on meaningful learning with the application of active didactic methodologies and strategies in meaningful learning processes depending on the context in which it takes place, obtains better results in the training of professionals. It is recommended that teaching in higher education should abandon traditional didactics and embrace more meaningful oriented teaching strategies.


This corpus-based study reformulates Halliday's (1994: 55) notion of Multiple Theme, i.e., textual and/or interpersonal items occurring before a simple Topical Theme (or clause initial transitivity/mood element) (e.g., Well, but then, Ann, surely, wouldn't the best idea be to join the group?) (cf. Berry 1982, 1995; Lautamatti 1978; Young 1980; Vasconcellos 1992). Firstly, the label Extended Multiple Theme is here proposed as a cover-term for Topical Themes co-occurring with pre-topical and/or post-topical textual and/or interpersonal elements. And secondly, Extended Multiple Themes are suggested to: (i) allow for recursiveness within the three functional slots; (ii) tend to abide by Dik's (1989: 342) Principle of Centripetal Organisation; and (iii) substantiate the layering hypothesis posited for example in Dik 's Functional Grammar or in Role and Reference Grammar (cf. Hengeveld 1989; Van Valin Jr. 1993). These claims were deduced from the application of three multivariate statistical tests, namely, the Logistic Regression Technique, the Fisher's Exact Test, and the x2 Test, to the tokens of Extended Multiple Themes found in real Present-day English texts, that is to say, in the Lancaster Spoken English Corpus.


In the textile industry, chitosan has been widely applied to provide antimicrobial properties, increase dyeing ability, and prepare beneficial fibers (Zhang, 2008; Froehling, 2001). Chitosan is deacetylated derivative of chitin obtained from crustaceans-like crab and shrimp shell wastes. It has many remarkable useful chemical and physical properties such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, etc. (Enescu, 2008; Jocic et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2010). Chitosan, is a naturally available biopolymer which can be used to increase the cationic property on wool fibers links to amino groups present in its chemical structure. It was reported that chitosan pretreatment successfully reduces the difference of dyeing performance between damaged and undamaged wool fibers through the increasing of dyeing rate and dyeing ability (Froehling, 2001).


Surface passivation of GaAs semiconductor materials has been studied to improve surface stability.An ultra-thin(~8nm)passivation layer of ZnO on GaAs was prepared by RF deposition method to control the interface trap densities and to prevent the Feimi level pinning.The optical and passivation performance of ZnO film has been investigated by photoluminescence(PL)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).An increase in intrinsic PL intensity up to 112.5%and a decrease in impurity PL intensity down to 82.4%are observed after depositing ZnO films compared with unpassivated GaAs surface.XPS measurement results show that the atomic concentration ratio of Ga/As(originally~1.47) has been modified to a value of~0.94,indicating an improvement of the surface stoichiometry in GaAs,Ga-O,As-O bonding is found to get effectively suppressed in RF deposited ZnO/GaAs interface structures.Passivation enhancement mechanism is also discussed.Research results indicate that an ultra-thin ZnO film deposited on the GaAs surface is a feasible choice for GaAs surface passivation.


This paper argues that the excluded communities of south Asian continent are not conscious of their basic human rights, they usually face several sorts of discriminations from their companions. The conventional politics of Nepal has not focused to their upliftment despite the state has prioritized structurally. Even the investment of abundance state capital and narratives for development could not transform livelihood of rural strata. It aims to explore the existing condition of the excluded and marginalized communities, describe contemporary development comprehension and evaluation of the dynamic contributions from the political forces in context of the rural development. The political forces, in the name of facilitating the development process for comprehensive wellbeing of citizens, have grasped politics as a tool for opportunities multiplier for their extensive vested pursuits. Politics is reliable force for structural transformation of a society that enhances citizens' sovereign thought, but the political performance in Nepal is questionable. It discloses that the excluded communities are beyond the access of contemporary development and political participation because of paradigmatic complexities. The data were accumulated from primary as well as the secondary sources, personal communication, participant observation and focus group discussions. It explains development is not a mere installation of physical infrastructure to facilitate society; it is the conglomeration of attitude, thought and perfect demeanor and it is significant for the inquisitive individuals as it disseminates enriched notions. Ultimately, it influences as the milestones for structural changes in the rural society of Nepal where modern amenities are in short.


Modelling of particle growth under saturated and starved conditions in emulsion polymerization was investigated in order to allow describing the broadening of the particle size distribution and account for the effects of restricted diffusion inside the monomer-swollen polymer particles. In emulsion polymerization, if particle nucleation and coagulation are avoided, the reaction proceeds as a consequence of radical capture, desorption, and termination reactions inside the particles. Therefore, first, investigation of radical entry and desorption models was done under saturation of polymer particles with monomer, where diffusion parameters are constant. The discrimination criterion of the different models was based on fitting the reaction and the total particle size distribution. Indeed, the broadening of the particle size distribution was found to reveal a dependency of radical capture on the particle size; such an effect would be misestimated if only the mean particle size is considered. Second, the models for starved conditions that account for the variation of radical diffusion inside the polymer particles, such as the gel and glass effects, were investigated with comparison to a wide variety of experimental conditions spanning from weak to strong gelation. The dominating mechanisms as well as the interests of both intervals are highlighted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved


OBJECTIVE
To develop a protocol linking cine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to simultaneously acquired audio recordings of specific phonatory tasks to evaluate velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) in children.

DESIGN
Institutional review board-approved development and application of a novel dynamic cine MR imaging protocol linked to simultaneously recorded audio.

SETTING
A tertiary care multidisciplinary pediatric airway center.

PARTICIPANTS
Three healthy adult volunteers and 5 pediatric volunteers (age range, 9.3-18.9 years; mean age, 12.4 years) from the multidisciplinary pediatric airway center with VPI who previously had undergone nasopharyngoscopy, videofluoroscopy, or both.

INTERVENTIONS
Cine MR imaging with simultaneously acquired audio files was performed in 3 adult volunteers to optimize the protocol and then in 5 pediatric volunteers meeting the inclusion criteria.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
High-resolution cine MR images with clear intelligible audio recordings of specific phonatory tasks.

RESULTS
Using 3 healthy adult volunteers, a cine MR imaging VPI protocol was developed that links simultaneously acquired cine MR images to audio recordings of specific validated phonatory tasks. Five school-aged children with VPI from our multidisciplinary pediatric airway center were then enrolled and underwent cine MR imaging using this protocol. The cine MR images and audio recordings acquired were of sufficient diagnostic quality to evaluate VPI closure patterns in school-aged children with VPI.

CONCLUSION
Cine MR imaging linked to audio is a quick, safe, and well-tolerated dynamic diagnostic imaging tool that may eventually have the potential to guide more precisely the selection and application of surgical techniques for VPI.


A square matrix A with per A6D 0 is called convertible if there exists af1; 1g matrix H such that per AD det.H A/where H A denote the Hadamard product of H and A. In this paper, ranks of convertiblef0; 1g matrices are investigated and the existence of maximal convertible matrices with its rank r for each integer r withd n e r nis proved. where Sn denotes the set of permutations of 1; 2; 3; ; n .A n n nmatrix A with per A6D 0 is called convertible if there exists af1; 1g matrix H such that per AD det.H A/ where H A denotes the Hadamard product of H and A. In this case, H A is called a conversion of A. A square convertible f0; 1g matrix is called maximal if replacing any zero entry with a 1 results in a non-convertible matrix. For matrices A; B of the same size, A is said to be permutation equivalent to B, denoted by A B, if there are permutation matrices P; Q such that PA QD B. If both A and B are real, we use A B to denote that every entry of A is less than or equal to the corresponding entry of B.A n n nmatrix is called partly decomposableif it contains a t.n t/ zero submatrix for some t > 0. Square matrices which are not partly decomposable are called fully indecomposable.


The storage of energy generated by photovoltaic system is one problem of it. In this aspect, integrated energy conversion and storage systems, IECSS, using supercapacitors are presented as a solution. Dye sensitized solar cell becomes a main candidate for use in IECSS due its variety of applications. Recent studies shown that zinc oxide (ZnO) is a natural candidate for use in solar cells and supercapacitor due to its high energy density of the order 650 A g-1. The aims of this paper were: i) the study of the influence of the morfology of nanostructured ZnO nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method using distincts complexing agents: etylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); hexamethyltetramine (HMT) and diaminometanal (urea), besides commercial ZnO; ii) study of the ZnO and activated carbon at ratio X:Y of 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 in proportion of mass (%) in the preparation of electrodes. The commercial ZnO, which presents particles with spherical and porous morphology, presented the best capacitance result 8.38 Fg-1 at 10:90 ratio, that demonstrates the ZnO is an excellent candidate for material for supercapacitor coupled with dye solar cell.


The invention belongs to the field of photonic crystal reflection, and particularly relates to an LED light-emitting component based on a photonic crystal reflector. The LED light-emitting component based on the photonic crystal reflector comprises a one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector and an LED structure, wherein the one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector is connected with a substrate of the LED structure, the one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector is any of a green light one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector, a blue light one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector and a purple light one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector, the green light one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector can efficiently reflect green light in the full angle, the blue light one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector can efficiently reflect blue light in the full angle, and the purple light one-dimensional photonic crystal reflector can efficiently reflect purple light with full angle. With the component, light emitted by an LED structure can be utilized to a larger extent.


In recent years,business administration has become a hot issue in the academic world.Case study method is often used as an important method in business administration studies.This paper collects data,with the aid of computer softwares,from 1,162articles on business administration case in 13management research journals.Based on the key word frequency statistics,this paper discusses the status quo and development trend of business administration case study in China.It then advocates that the only valid way of conducting business administration case study in China is to see the practice and development of management reform in the unique political,economic,and social backgrounds of China.It also proposes that case study theories,systems and methods should be grasped and understood scientifically so as to promote the development of new theories and research methods.


Power electronics technology has been widely used for decades in the modern motor drive systems. Beyond the control flexibility, the power electronics devices (e.g., diode rectifiers) are also the main harmonic source to the grid due to their nonlinearity, which deteriorate the power grid quality and may cause unnecessary losses in power system transformers. Both degradations are apt to occur in motor drive applications. As a consequence, it calls for advanced and intelligent control strategies for the power electronics based drive systems like adjustable speed drives in industry. At present, many industrial drives are still equipped with three-phase diode rectifiers. Thus, it is difficult to implement the prior-art harmonic control strategies for active front-ends. Moreover, the total cost and complexity has become an obstacle for these harmonic elimination approaches in multiple drive systems. Therefore, in this paper, a new cost-effective harmonic mitigation approach has been proposed for multiple drives. The proposed approach can control the generated current harmonics by benefiting of the nonlinearity of the drive units and through a novel current modulation scheme. Simulation and experimental results have validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of harmonic elimination in three-phase multi-drive systems.


A combinatorial library of Ti/Al/Ti/Au metal contacts to n-type GaN thin films was characterized electrically and microstructurally. Various Ti/Al/Ti/Au thicknesses were deposited by combinatorial ion-beam sputtering (CIBS) on an n-GaN/sapphire substrate followed by rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) at 600 °C to 900 °C in argon for 30 s. The most Al-rich metallization in the library, Ti(20nm)/Al(170nm)/Ti(5nm)/ Au(50nm), was found to have the smoothest surface morphology (rms roughness = 20 nm), while possessing an acceptably low contact resistivity (2.2 × 10–5 Ω cm2) after RTA at 750 °C. XRD analysis of this composition showed that, regardless of RTA temperature, the same two compounds, Al3Ti and Al2Au, were formed in the contact layer. For all other library elements, the interfacial phases in the metal layers were subject to continuous transformations as a function of RTA temperature. We surmise that these temperature-dependent transformations inflicted the excessive surface roughness in the contacts. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Advanced SM is an incurable neoplasm with short survival time. So far, no effective therapy is available for these patients. We and others have shown recently that neoplastic MC in ASM and MCL express antiapoptotic Mcl‐1, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xL. In this study, we examined the effects of the pan‐Bcl‐2 family blocker obatoclax (GX015‐070) on primary neoplastic MC, the human MC leukemia cell line HMC‐1, and the canine mastocytoma cell line C2. Obatoclax was found to inhibit proliferation in primary human neoplastic MC (IC50: 0.057 μM), in HMC‐1.2 cells expressing KIT D816V (IC50: 0.72 μM), and in HMC‐1.1 cells lacking KIT D816V (IC50: 0.09 μM), as well as in C2 cells (IC50: 0.74 μM). The growth‐inhibitory effects of obatoclax in HMC‐1 cells were accompanied by an increase in expression of Puma, Noxa, and Bim mRNA, as well as by apoptosis, as evidenced by microscopy, TUNEL assay, and caspase cleavage. Viral‐mediated overexpression of Mcl‐1, Bcl‐xL, or Bcl‐2 in HMC‐1 cells was found to introduce partial resistance against apoptosis‐inducing effects of obatoclax. We were also able to show that obatoclax synergizes with several other antineoplastic drugs, including dasatinib, midostaurin, and bortezomib, in producing apoptosis and/or growth arrest in neoplastic MC. Together, obatoclax exerts major growth‐inhibitory effects on neoplastic MC and potentiates the antineoplastic activity of other targeted drugs. Whether these drug effects can be translated to application in patients with advanced SM remains to be determined.


Synthesis of porous Ni+20 %Al alloys with controlled shape of parts and porous structure was investigated. Combustions synthesis in thermal explosion mode under controlled heat losses was used for the sintering. Here thin cylindrical sample, compacted from mixture of nickel and aluminum powders and placed between stainless steel plates, was heated up to a temperature at which occurs an exothermic interaction between the reacting powders. Exothermicity derives from heat of formation of Ni 3 Al and NiAl phases. During the reaction the released heat sinks to the stainless steel plates, making it possible to preserve an original shape of the synthesized samples. Using stereometric metallography the effect of porosity and thickness of synthesized materials on following structure parameters was investigated: average sizes of frame elements, closed pores and through channels, specific surface and portion of open porosity. A structural particularity of synthesized materials which occurs under thermal gradients during explosion was revealed. Effect of temperature treatment of the synthesized material in an inert environment at 850 ÷ 1250 degrees centigrade on their pore structure, phase composition, permeability and strength was investigated. Porous materials with Ni 3 Al-NiAl composition, 0.5 ÷ 4 mm thickness, 0.39 ÷ 0,57 porosity, the size of the transport pores of 4.5 ÷ 7 microns was obtained. Conditions under which synthesized materials has optimal properties for use as a support of solid oxide fuel cells were found.


A rapid, high‐throughput, and quantitative method for cell entry route characterization is still lacking in nanomedicine research. Here, we report the application of imaging flow cytometry for quantitatively analyzing cell entry routes of actively targeted nanomedicines. We first engineered ICAM1 antibody‐directed fusogenic nanoliposomes (ICAM1‐FusoNLPs) and ICAM1 antibody‐directed endocytic nanolipogels (ICAM1‐EndoNLGs) featuring highly similar surface properties but different cell entry routes: receptor‐mediated membrane fusion and receptor‐mediated endocytosis, respectively. By using imaging flow cytometry, we characterized their intracellular delivery into human breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells. We found that ICAM1‐FusoNLPs mediated a 2.8‐fold increased cell uptake of fluorescent payload, FITC‐dextran, with a 2.4‐fold increased intracellular distribution area in comparison with ICAM1‐EndoNLGs. We also investigated the effects of incubation time and endocytic inhibitors on the cell entry routes of ICAM1‐FusoNLP and ICAM1‐EndoNLG. Our results indicate that receptor‐mediated membrane fusion is a faster and more efficient cell entry route than receptor‐mediated endocytosis, bringing with it a significant therapeutic benefit in a proof‐of‐principle nanomedicine‐mediated siRNA transfection experiment. Our studies suggest that cell entry route may be an important design parameter to be considered in the development of next‐generation nanomedicines. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry


Microplastics (size <5 mm) have become an international attention since they have been discovered in wildlife and human gastro-intestinal tract, and might harm health. The objective of this paper is to review microplastics and analyze its possible impact on wildlife and seabird. Seabirds are upper-trophic level predators in marine ecosystems, feed on zooplankton, fish, and squid. Microplastics in seabirds have been reported in many countries, including the USA, Canada, Brazil, Japan, China, the Netherlands, and North Pacific region, involving albatrosses, petrels, storm-petrels, fulmars, cormorants, shearwaters, penguins, and many other seabird species. Microplastics were accidentally ingested because of their resemblance to the fish, plankton, or from ingestion of microplastics that already occurred inside fish food. Types of microplastics were pellet, fragment, film, fiber, foamed plastic and styrofoam. Microplastics might decrease feeding stimuli by producing a false sense of fullness, causing the bird to stop eating, resulting in malnutrition and death. Other harmful impact on birds are interrupting nutrient absorption, disrupting reproductive problems, and hindered growth and survival of chicks. Study on microplastics in Indonesia is in progress, by using Little-black cormorant to represent seabirds.


Ecosystem Management requires models that can link the ecosystem level to the operation level. This link can be created by an ecosystem production model. Because the function of the individual fish in the marine ecosystem, seen in trophic context, is closely related to its size, the model groups fish according to size. The model summarises individual predation events into ecosystem level properties, and thereby uses the law of conservation of mass as a framework. This paper provides the background, the conceptual model, basic assumptions, integration of fishing activities, mathematical completion, and a numeric implementation. Using two experiments, the model's ability to act as tool for economic production analysis and regulation design testing is demonstrated. The presented model is the simplest possible and is built on the principles of (i) size, as the attribute that determines the predator–prey interaction, (ii) mass balance in the predator–prey allocation, and (iii) mortality and somatic growth as a consequence of the predator–prey allocation. By incorporating additional assumptions, the model can be extended to other dimensions of the ecosystem, for example, space or species. The formulation and description of the present model can serve as a reference for future work.


As the Universe emerged from its initial hot and dense phase, its chemical composition was extremely simple, being limited to stable H and He isotopes, and traces of Li. The first stars that formed had such initial composition. However, they quickly began to produce a whole array of heavier nuclei, polluting the interstellar medium. While none among these first stars has been detected to date, an increasing sample exists of their direct descendant, stars with heavy elements content of the order of 1/1000 of the solar value, or less. In most cases, such stars should have formed at redshift of about 10 or beyond, and their chemical composition can provide crucial constraints to the nature of the very first stars. Extremely metal poor (EMP) stars are exceedingly rare. We used the low resolution spectra obtained by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to search for EMP candidates: results of VLT-UVES high resolution follow-up for 16 of them is presented here. A newly developed automatic abundance analysis and parameter determination code, MyGIsFOS, has been employed to analyze the detailed chemical abundances of such stars.


As observed by T. M. Pedersen (Taxon 29: 326. 1980) one must be circumspect in beginning to reject species names. If some isolated mistakes in their application are deemed enough to reject such names, thousands of them will have to go, and the very rule of priority will be constantly held in check. Renvoize and Clayton (Taxon 29: 339. 1980) in their Proposal 528 suggest that the name Paspalum distichum L. be rejected because in their opinion it does not apply to the plant that has gone by it for two centuries. I had chosen a lectotype among the mixture in the Linnaean herbarium in accordance with this long-standing usage and with Linnaeus's protologue. They assert my choice cannot stand because another specimen in the mixture has the mention 'Br' (P. distichum was received by Linnaeus from P. Browne) and better fits the protologue in having two subsessile spikes. But the protologue runs 'spicibus duabus: altera subsessili' (Syst. Nat. ed. 10: 855. 1759). This means that only one (alter) of the spikes is subsessile, and this is why their specimen with its two subsessile spikes cannot serve as the type. My lectotype has one subsessile spike and the other pedicellate. I explained that Linnaeus might well have received a mixture from Browne, so that the location of the mention 'Br' nearer one specimen or the other is not decisive in selecting a type. Renvoize and Clayton believe this comment is 'superfluous'. The classical view on Paspalum distichum fortunately is as widespread as ever. Renvoize and Clayton themselves cite 7 works all by different authors where it is followed between 1955-1975, whereas they can quote only 2 authors to have used the name in their acceptance of it (i.e. applying to the plant that has always been known as P. vaginatum Sw., to which the 'Br' specimen belongs) in the same period. In my view this simply means that two authors have erred, and is no basis whatever to dismiss such a very classical Linnaean name.


Nowadays, named data networking information centric networking (ICN) architecture has attracted many researchers to study it as one of future internet architecture candidates. One of the facilities to study new networking technology is a testbed. It functions as a platform to run various component functionalities, topologies, and communication schema in a lab-scale environment designed as close to the actual operational environment. However, there are just a few research topics about NDN testbed that have been published. Also, there was no experiment-related testbed resource utilization and more extensive topology used in the research conducted. On the other hand, there is no development already taken for easy testbed management based on GUI. This paper proposed a low-cost and highly customizable NDN testbed based on Linux VM. The experiments conducted in the research were testbed functionality, testbed resource utilization measurement, and topology customization through the GUI. Based on the implementation and test shown, all functionalities needed for running NDN testbed were already fulfilled. The testbed that was highly customizable, low-cost, easy-to-use has succeeded to build and has better functionality than the previously created testbed.


Today,in the society,the contribution of the services industry,which has become the "leading role" on increasing employment and restructuring of the economy,for the national economy has been more and more,turning to be one of a dominant industries on building of an entrepreneurs-oriented city.In response to this trend,it has been the consensus for the government to renew the concept of development and promote the service sector,in particular,the modern service industry development.Based on the analysis of changing trend in status of the service industry,the point is to forecast the positive influence on employment and the building of a Entrepreneurship-oriented City and offer policy recommendations for the local government.


Brotherton, Heather M. M.S., Purdue University, May 2011. Data center recovery best practices: before, during, and after disaster recovery execution. Major Professor: J. Eric Dietz. This qualitative multiple case study analysis reviews well documented past information technology disasters with a goal of identifying practical before, during, and after disaster recovery best practices. The topic of cyberinfrastructure resiliency is explored including barriers to cyberinfrastructure resiliency. Factors explored include: adherence to established procedures, staff training in recovery procedures, chain of command structure, recovery time and cost, and mutual aid relationships. Helpful tools and resources are included to assist planners.


This study investigated the validity of processability theory proposed by Pienemann (1998/2015) among Iranian EFL learners' oral performance. The theory defines six procedural stages for learners in the process of second language acquisition. In order to conduct the study, 10 intermediate EFL learners were selected based on their performance on Oxford Placement Test. Then, they participated in five tasks; namely, interview, spot-the- difference task, picture description, picture identification and story-telling task. Their speech was recorded and then transcribed according to predetermined structures (i.e., interrogatives, word order, and negation) called target structures. The frequency of the occurrence of target structures was calculated based on the emergence criterion. The results showed that Iranian EFL learners produced language structures in the predicted procedural stages as proposed by processability theory. Thus, processability theory can be valid for Iranian EFL learners too.


A forensic study of 60 male patients from a London hospital drug clinic showed that 92 per cent held a court conviction. 48 per cent had been convicted before drug use. After drug use, the incidence of larceny offenders was unaltered but the incidence of violent offenders increased. Drug users with no pre-drug convictions had experienced less early deprivation than drug users with pre-drug convictions, but their patterns of post-drug offences only differed in there being a higher incidence of larceny in pre-drug offenders. All patients were multiple drug users. 70 per cent had used heroin. Heroin users differed from non-narcotic users in a higher incidence of larceny and an increasing incidence of violent offenders after drug use. Criminality and drug dependency emerged as a combined expression of deviancy in the clinic population.


A transflective blue‐phase liquid crystal display (TRBP‐LCD) based on fringe in‐plane switching (FIS) electrodes is proposed. The proposed structure generates combined fringe and in‐plane electric fields that cause more liquid crystal (LC) molecules to reorient almost in plane above and between the pixel electrodes. The fringe field is mainly generated in the transmissive (T) region, and the horizontal electric field is mainly generated in the reflective (R) region. By optimizing the width of the pixel electrodes and the gap between two adjacent pixel electrodes, the different electric field intensity in the T and R regions contribute to balance the optical phase retardation between the T and R regions. As a result, the proposed TRBP‐LCD exhibits a low operating voltage and high optical efficiency, while it preserves a relatively simple fabrication process.


This Comment discusses state-court responses to ATT (2) Concepcion applies to categorical but not case-by-case unconscionability analysis; (3) Concepcion does not prevent state courts from interrogating the conscionability of the formation of the entire contract; and (4) "arbitration" might be defined narrowly so as to limit the scope of FAA preemption. Building on these theories, Part II suggests a more ambitious avenue for innovation within the space left open by Concepcion. By applying duress doctrine to certain contracts containing forced-arbitration clauses, judges may be able to protect lay claimants while still remaining faithful to Supreme Court precedent. In general, the theory of "economic duress" applies when (1) a party with superior bargaining power (2) threatens, oppresses, or coerces a party with inferior bargaining power. Now assume a monopolistic market for an essential good — say, for example, that there is only one provider of Internet in a certain geographic area. My argument is that, because consumers are functionally coerced into a contract with this Internet provider, a court should decline to enforce any oppressive term within that provider's contract. Oppressive terms would include not just forced-arbitration clauses, but also a host of other unfair contract provisions. Given these facts, the economic-duress defense would not "derive [its] meaning from the fact that an agreement to arbitrate is at issue," Concepcion, 131 S. Ct. at 1746, and would therefore not be preempted by the FAA. On the contrary, the economic-duress defense would derive its meaning in this limited context from the contours of the market and from the relationship between the parties. A similar argument would apply when a consumer has a choice of firms, all of which require contracts with the same oppressive term. Such a consumer is still under economic duress, as she cannot opt out of the oppressive term and still receive the essential service.


After acquiring its sovereignty, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation established constitutional and legal guarantees against intolerance and discrimination because of religious convictions, which confirms their tolerance of religious pluralism (the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Freedom of Worship and Religious Associations of 1992 is much more liberal than the Federal Law on Freedom of Conscience and Religious Associations of 1997). Recently, however, the intention to tighten up the laws relating to religion stirred up intolerance between the state and religious organizations. The Protestant, neo-Protestant, and new denominations are the most tolerant among the officially functioning confessions. The Russian Orthodox Church and the Islamic communities and organizations functioning under the Spiritual Administration of the Muslims of Kazakhstan, while maintaining confessional harmony among themselves, are intolerant when it comes to relations with the missionary activities of the so-called non-traditional religious groups. This breaks down democratic processes in Kazakhstan, although there are no serious contradictions and conflicts among the confessions and denominations. As distinct from the mega and macro levels, there is much more religious tolerance at the micro level. It should be said that in the Russian Federation, the younger population groups demonstrate religious intolerance.


L-Ribose isomerase (L-RI) catalyzes the aldose-ketose isomerization between L-ribose and L-ribulose. In this study, a putative L-RI gene of Geodermatophilus obscurus DSM 43160 was cloned by PCR into pET-15b and pET-21b, respectively. The cloned target gene was expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant N-His-tagged and C-His-tagged proteins exhibited L-RI activity. Both N- and C-His-tagged L-RIs were purified from cell-free extracts by metal-affinity and ion-exchange chromatography. The purified N-His-tagged L-RI demonstrated its optimal activity at 30-40 oC and pH of 9 (in glycine-NaOH buffer). The enzyme was stable at pH 7-9 and more than 90% activity was retained after incubation at 40℃ for 2 h. Metal ions were not required for N-His-tagged L-RI activity to occur, but Hg2+ inhibited its activity completely. The conversion rates of L-arabinose to L-ribose by combining Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum NTOU1 L-arabinose isomerase and G. obscurus DSM43160 N-His-tagged L-RI at 30 oC and 40 oC were 15.9% and 12.5% (mol mol-1), respectively. Results obtained from this study suggest a potential application of this recombinant L-RI for the L-ribose production from L-arabinose.


Objective To examine the expression and clinical significance of serum TNF-α and TGF-β1 in patients with asbestosis.Methods Serum TNF-α and TGF-β1 were detected in 21 patients with asbestosis and 20 controls using ELISA method.Results The levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1 were significantly higher in patients with asbestosis than those in the controls(P0.01).There was the bivariate correlation between the serum levels of TNF-α and TGF-β1(P 0.01).Conclusion The occurrence and progress of asbestosis was correlated with TNF-α and TGF-β1 abnormal expression.


The objective of this study is to develop a computer code for geometrically nonlinear analysis of hyperelastic plates in isothermal conditions, under in-plane statically external forces and considering large strains. Such program uses, among other things, the following concepts: positional Lagrangian formulation of the finite element method (FEM), equilibrium via the principle of minimum total potential energy, shell-like element with seven nodal parameters and cubic approach for positions, iterative method of Newton-Raphson, numerical integration and multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. The degrees of freedom are current kinematic variables of the nodes. The constitutive laws are described by the three-dimensional specific strain-energy function, also called Helmholtz free energy, which is expressed per unit initial volume of the analyzed body and which is, in the present work, decomposed into volumetric and isochoric parts. Nonlinear relations are adopted for these laws, which are more appropriate, when compared to the linear ones, to reproduce numerically the mechanical behavior of highly deformable materials such as polymers in structural problems. Furthermore, the resulting formulation was used in both simple such as uniaxial tension and simple shear and complex numerical analysis as the Cook's membrane. Another important topic to be highlighted is the seventh parameter of the element, which represents the linear rate of change of deformation along the thickness and thus enriches the strain field. Finally, the performed simulations presented good convergence of results and corroborated the existent data of the scientific literature, which shows the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method.


According to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, intelligence is the basic mechanism of ensuring equilibrium in the relations between the person and the environment. This is achieved through the actions of the developing person on the world. At any moment in development, the environment is assimilated in the schemes of action that are already available and these schemes are transformed or accommodated to the peculiarities of the objects of the environment, if they are not completely appropriate. Thus, the development of intelligence is a continuous process of assimilations and accommodations that lead to increasing expansion of the field of application of schemes, increasing coordination between them, increasing interiorization, and increasing abstraction. The mechanism underlying this process of increasing abstraction, interiorization, and coordination is reflecting abstraction. That is, reflecting abstraction gradually leads to the rejection of the external action components of sensorimotor operations on objects and to the preservation of the mental, planning or anticipatory, components of operation. These are the mental operations that are gradually coordinated with each other, generating structures of mental operations. These structures of mental operations are applied on representations of objects rather than on the objects themselves. Language, mental images, and numerical notation are examples of representations standing for objects and thus they become the object of mental operations. Moreover, mental operations, with development, become reversible. For instance, the counting of a series of objects can go both forward and backward with the understanding that the number of objects counted is not affected by the direction of counting because the same number can be retrieved both ways. [2] Piaget described four main periods in the development towards completely reversible equlibrated thought structures. These are the periods described below. As shown below, for Piaget intelligence is not the same at different ages. It changes qualitatively, attaining increasingly broader, more abstract, and more equlibrated structures thereby allowing access to different levels of organization of the world. The Sensorimotor Stage is the first of the four stages of cognitive development. "In this stage, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences (such as seeing and hearing) with physical, motoric actions." [3] "Infants gain knowledge of the world from the physical actions they perform on it." [3] "An infant progresses from reflexive, instinctual action at birth to the beginning of symbolic thought toward the end of the stage." [3] "Piaget divided the sensorimotor stage into six …


Following the analysis by Krishnamohan & Downs (1980) of the Vela pulsar, the behavior of the core and outrider components of PSR 0329+54 is investigated by computing intensity dependent pulse profiles. Very Large Array observations of individual pulses from PSR 0329+54 at 1415 MHz are used in the analysis. The most striking result of the analysis is core component arrival times are earlier for the more intense pulse profiles. The intensity dependent pulse profiles are interpreted in terms of the Cheng & Ruderman (1980) ion outflow model as (1) the change in emission heights of individual components due to the regulation of pair-production by the outflow of ions from the stellar surface or (2) the relocation of the core component excitation region due to localized heating of the stellar surface by energetic electrons


Recent advances in optimal information and modular epistemologies are based entirely on the assumption that A* search and I/O au- tomata are not in conflict with sensor networks [15]. In this work, we verify the development of telephony, which embodies the significant principles of electrical engineering. In this pa- per, we motivate an analysis of lambda calculus (FadyPerron), disproving that redundancy and the location-identity split are often incompati- ble.


There is limited scientific data available on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) like dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) or Lindane (_-HCH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concentrations in ambient air of Fiji Islands. Concentrations of OCPs,
PCBs and PAHs were determined in ambient air from three major metrological stations in Fiji Islands using passive air samplers (PAS) containing polyurethane foam disks (PUF). Generally, total concentrations for OCPs, PCBs and PAHs was low, indicative of a relatively "low contaminated" ambient environment. Concentration ranges of total DDTs, PCBs and _-HCH were 10 – 23 pg m-3, 5 – 53 pg m-3 and 8 -113 pg m- 3, respectively. Noticeably, comparatively higher concentrations for _-HCH were found at Nausori for all sampling seasons. The presence of _-HCH in ambient air from Nausori suggests either recent illegal use of the chemical on nearby farms or emission from river sediment due to increased dredging activity close to the sampling site. Confirmatory tests found relatively higher concentration of Pyrene, Fluoranthene and Phenanthrene towards total PAH (16 EPA) in the ambient samples taken within the vicinity of urban and industrial areas. This is likely from vehicular emissions in addition to small scale industrial emissions.


Current Issues in Language Planning approaches issues from two broad perspectives. One perspective involves examining how language planning is carried out in particular polities and allows use to consider how each polity responds to the complexities of the language planning issues it faces. The second is to examine how particular theoretical issues in language planning are addressed in a range of different contexts. This volume is the first addressing this second perspective. In this volume, as in future volumes, the examination of a particular issue is launched by a focus paper of some length which examines the issue in some detail. The remainder of the volume is made up of contributions which respond to, and enlarge on, issues raised in the focus paper.


The invention provides Zigbee variable-frequency wireless transmission equipment and an underwater monitoring system. The Zigbee variable-frequency wireless transmission equipment comprises a first local oscillator, a Zigbee chip, a first frequency mixer, a first medium-frequency filter, a power amplifier, an LC matcher and a medium-frequency antenna, wherein the Zigbee chip, the first frequency mixer, the first medium-frequency filter, the power amplifier, the LC matcher and the medium-frequency antenna are in sequential connection, and the first local oscillator is connected with the first frequency mixer. Due to the fact that a high-frequency transmission mode of the Zigbee chip in the Zigbee variable-frequency wireless transmission equipment is changed into a medium-frequency transmission mode, signal transmission distance is increased, obstacle overcoming capability is improved, and advantages of the Zigbee ad hoc network are kept. Therefore, the Zigbee variable-frequency wireless transmission equipment is excellently effective in short-distance and medium-distance signal transmission.


Summary . The paper presents networked system for robots programming. The system can be used to control and program robots through the TCP/IP network. Each robot present in the system can be connected to arbitrary chosen host in our network. Every user registered in the system can control the behaviour of any robot regardless of its physical location. Users can also export their subprograms; exported subprograms can be called by other users.


SUBTITLE: A REWORKED DRAFT OF THE LONG-AWAITED NATIONAL PORTS AUTHORITY BILL IS TO BE SUBMITTED TO PARLIAMENT'S PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT BEFORE THE END OF MAY, ACCORDING TO DUMISANE NTULI, MARITIME TRANSPORT MANGER AT THE NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORT (NDOT).


Abstract The film blowing process relies on external air cooling of the extruded polymer hose. The air is supplied by a ring nozzle surrounding the die. We investigate the flow as it emanates from a commercial nozzle by a laser light sheet method which reveals the instantaneous rather than the mean flow structure. Flow separation in the nozzle is diagnosed as well as a high degree of disturbances affecting the thermal boundary layer. To improve the flow a modified nozzle is investigated in the same way, which shows how separation is avoided and how the regular structure of a wall jet is attained. The limits of this approach are highlighted. The optical measurements are amended by pressure measurements inside and outside the nozzle. They show what the flow disturbances mean in terms of normal forces on the film.


Summary. A novel method is proposed for retrieving the 3-D orientation of axes of symmetry of near-source anisotropy by a non-linear inversion of observed radiation patterns of seismic displacement spectra of Rayleigh waves.

If faulting is generated within an anisotropic source region, body force equivalents for the faulting are in general not a double couple but the sum of three orthogonal dipole forces (Kosevich; Kawasaki & Tanimoto). As a result of the third dipole force, radiation patterns of Rayleigh waves are deformed, the deformation amounting to several per cent of those for an isotropic source medium. The non-linear inversion is carried out to find the optimum fault plane solutions giving the minimum square residual between observed and theoretical radiation patterns in some period range. In order to remove effects of heterogeneity along propagation paths, a pair-event scheme is involved in the inversion, which denotes taking spectral amplitude ratios and differential phases of the seismic displacement spectra of the pair-events having close hypocentres and different fault plane solutions. The uniqueness of the fault plane solutions of the non-linear inversion is afforded a proof by the Monte-Carlo experiment.

The non-linear inversion is repeated for some possible types of symmetry of the near-source orthotropic anisotropy due to the preferred orientation of olivine crystals as mantle materials. Square residuals thus obtained are compared with each other to see which orientation gives the minimum.

The method is applied to pair-events which occurred in the anomalous mantle beneath the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This leads to a discovery that one type of symmetry of the preferred orientations with a-, b- and c-axes aligned vertical, parallel to and perpendicular to the trend (N11E) of the ridge axis, respectively, is most likely existing in the anomalous mantle.


The paper is devoted to an expanded-tapered beam of rectangular cross section subjected to three-point bending. The analytical model of the beam is formulated with consideration of a non-linear hypothesis of the cross section deformation. The problem of shear stress distribution in the beam is analysed based on the above mentioned hypothesis. Moreover, a numerical FEM model (SolidWorks) is developed. Examplary computations have been carried out based on the analytical and numerical models.

http://jtam.pl/pdf-122203-52520?filename=Three_point bending of an.pdf


Summary: This paper outlines the findings of a three-year study on criminal gang participation, anti-social behaviour and systems of intimidation within disadvantaged communities in Limerick city. The research is considered in light of debates about motivations for criminality and the effectiveness of early intervention strategies in tackling juvenile justice issues. It is argued that the despite the fact that much social, youth and Probation Service work focuses on convincing the individual of the irrationality of criminal acts, there are strong rational reasons to engage in criminal activity within contemporary Irish society. Participation in a gang can provide a socially excluded young man or woman with a form of fear-based political status that is very powerful in a society where they are otherwise viewed as 'scumbags'. Those associated with criminal gangs in Limerick city also had a very clear vision of the financial rewards linked to gang participation. Given this rational aspect of criminal behaviour, it is argued that those who advocate early intervention strategies as a means of tackling juvenile justice issues must give greater consideration to the reasons why a family enmeshed in criminality might not engage with these programmes and develop appropriate responses.


When a quench occurs in a no-insulation (NI) high temperature superconductor (HTS) magnet that consists of a stack of double-pancake (DP) coils, a large amount of current is often induced in an NI DP coil that is electromagnetically coupled with neighboring DP coils. The large induced current leads to an excessive magnetic stress and occasionally damages the magnet. In this paper, we propose a new quench protection concept to reduce the amount of induced current in an NI HTS magnet. The key idea is to use resistive copper in order to absorb a portion of electromagnetic energy that is initially stored in the magnet before the quench. We tentatively name these resistive coils as a "magnetic dam," as they may slow down the electromagnetic quench propagation speed among the NI DP coils, which may be beneficial to avoid over-stressing by the large over-current.


Theories of flow birefringence in steady and oscillatory shear flow for spheroidal particles are compared. It is shown, that proper normalization of birefringence functions make them identical for both flows at low gradients and frequencies. The deviations at high gradients and frequencies increase with increasing particle axial ratio. The theory for polydisperse particles is developed. From the limiting behavior at low and high gradients and frequencies it is possible to find various averages of the relaxation times of the particles and hence some description of the polydispersity. The differences between steady and oscillatory flow behavior for a monodisperse system persist even for the polydisperse case thus giving the possibility of indirectly checking some aspects of the monodisperse theory. Experiments on microcrystalline alumina (Baymal), tobacco mosaic virus, and bentonite are in essential agreement with theoretical predictions.


An application of the diarylheptanoids compound, such as diphenylheptanone, diphenylheptenone and diphenylheptandione, and its medicinal composition in treating the pylorospirobacillus infection and the diseases associated with intestinal or gastric ulcer is disclosed.


Abstract New bifunctional reagents, 2-amino-6-carboxyethylpyridine and 2-amino-6-cyanoethylpyridine, were designed and synthesized in order to provide a novel procedure for preparation of neoglycoconjugates from fluorescence-labeled and purified sugar chains. Labeling of model sugar chains with these reagents was effected by reductive amination using BH3.Me2NH to give corresponding 6-carboxyethylpyridylaminated (CEPA-) and 6-cyanoethylpyridylaminated (CNEPA-) derivatives, which were readily purified by reversed phase HPLC. The reagent parts of the labeled products possess the functional groups which then serve as linkers for coupling with matrices such as proteins and polymers. A CEPA-derivative of glucose was directly coupled with the e-amino group of a Lys derivative to give a neoglycoprotein model. CNEPA-sugars were hydrogenated to give 6-aminopropylpyridylaminated (APPA-) derivatives, which can then be readily used for the preparation of various types of neoglycoconjugates by use of appropriate spacer...


The development of the 4-Rod-RFQ as injector for low charged heavy ions has demonstrated that structures with spiral shaped and straight stems can be made highly efficient, very stable and compact. The design of the RFQ structures and results of impedance optimizations and the effects of monopole and dipole mode generation will be discussed.


The character expansion method was introduced by Balantekin [Phys. Rev. D 62, 085017 (2000)] for integration over the unitary group and, in particular, for calculating the well-known Harish–Chandra–Itzykson–Zuber integral where the coefficient matrices in the integrand are square matrices with nonzero determinants. However, in some applications such as the capacity analysis of multiple-input multiple-output channels in wireless communications and information theory, or applying the color-flavor transformation to lattice quantum chromodynamics in physics, or the theory of random matrices in mathematics, the integration over the unitary group is required where general rectangular complex matrices appear in the integrand. In this paper, we use the character expansion of groups to generalize two integrals over the unitary group that have general rectangular complex matrices in the integrand. Although we consider only two integrals, we believe that the integration framework presented here can be used for other...


The metabolisable energy (ME) bioassay is used as the default system of determining dietary energy values from feed ingredients for poultry in most countries (Bourdillon et al., 1990; Farrell, 1999). However, despite the best effort across the globe to standardise the AME assay, the energy values obtained using the AME system vary tremendously, due to factors including source of ingredients, age and strain of birds, geographical location where the ingredients are grown, and laboratories where the assay is conducted (Sibbald, 1976; Farrell, 1978; Leeson and Summers, 2005; Lopez et al., 2007). The economic cost of feed energy variation to the poultry industry must therefore be great but is extremely difficult to assess.


The years with no ice cover on Lake Suwa, Japan from 1443 - 2017. The years with ice cover on Lake Constance, Germany/Switzerland/Austria from 875 - 2018. The years with a normal Vikingarannet ice skating race, a modified route, or no race on Lake Malaren, Sweden from 1999 - 2017 as well as associated average winter air temperature. The years with canceled ice fishing tournaments in central and northern Minnesota, USA as well as associated average winter air temperature from 2005 - 2017. Road date openings of the James Bay winter ice road in northern Ontario, Canada and associated freezing degree days from 2005 - 2018.


Using global cross-firm ownership data, we find that both stock returns and cash-flow news of ownership-linked firms predict focal firm's returns for all types of ownership structures: subsidiary−parent, parent−subsidiary, subsidiary−subsidiary, and parent−parent. This predictability, observed only after the establishment of cross-firm ownership, is positively related to interest rates and is not subsumed by focal firm or industry momentum, or alternative inter-firm relations, including customer−supplier links and shared analyst coverage. Our findings are best explained by mispricing due to internal capital markets – a mechanism unique to complex ownership firms that becomes especially important when the external cost of capital is high.


Turbulent flows in complex geometries often exhibit an oscillating behavior of large coherent structures, even in the case of steady state boundary conditions. Recently, numerous efforts have been made to resolve these oscillations by means of numerical simulations. Unfortunately, large‐eddy simulations are often very time‐ and memory‐consuming in the case of complex flows. Therefore, the unsteady RANS (URANS) approach is an attractive alternative, especially when numerical simulations are used as a design and optimization tool.


Environmental fines are effective means of bringing polluters under compliance by deterring them from future violations. The design of the fines is guided by policies informed by theories of firm behaviour and empirical records. In Bangladesh, there are no policies governing the penalty rates based on the type and seriousness of the violations. This study models the influence of factory level characteristics on environmental fines levied due to violation of regulations relating to surface water pollution. Textile factories were found to be fined at a higher rate compared to other sectors. It was also found that historical compliance records negatively influenced the penalty rates. However, even with this model it will be difficult to accurately assess the fine for an environmental violation. Though the results offer similarities and differences with other studies and established theories, certain anomalies highlight the regulatory gaps in terms of not having structured penalties appropriate for reported violations in Bangladesh.


The relation between objective reality and subjective perception is a controversial issue. In modern cognitive science many of well-known scientists believe that evolution prefers veridical perception systems which constitute representations which are similar to external reality, but in a recent theory which entitled as "interface theory of perception" D.D


This paper has consulted the latest documents home and abroad, summarized the research latest progress of RA technology,including the definition,production technique,performance indexes,influence factors of RA.The economical value and future prospect of RAC have also been discussed,so as to promote development of RAC technology.


The coupling response between solar wind structures and the magnetosphere is highly complex, leading to different effects in the outer radiation belt electron fluxes. Most Coronal Mass Ejections cause strong geomagnetic storms with short recovery phases, often 1–2 days. By contrast, High‐Speed Solar Wind Streams lead to moderate and weak storms often with much longer recovery phases, from several to ∼10 days. The magnetosphere receives energy for a long time under the influence of the HSSs, considerably changing its dynamics. This in turn has an effect on the charged particles trapped in the outer radiation belt. Although the high‐energy electron flux enhancements have received considerable attention, the high‐energy electron flux enhancement pattern (L > 4) has not. This paper identifies 37 events with this enhancement pattern in the high‐energy electron flux during the Van Allen Probes era. We find the enhancements coincident with HSS occurrence. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) exhibits north/south Bz fluctuations of Alfvénic nature with moderate amplitudes. The high‐energy electron flux enhancements also correspond to long periods of auroral activity indicating a relationship to magnetotail dynamics. However, the AE index only reaches moderate values. Ultra‐Low Frequency waves were present in all of the events and whistler‐mode chorus waves were present in 89.1% of the events, providing a convenient scenario for wave‐particle interactions. The radial gradient of the ULF wave power related to the L, under the influence of the HSSs, is necessary to trigger the physical processes responsible for this type of high‐energy electron flux enhancement pattern.


Vibration in heat exchangers sometimes has positive effect in heat transfer enhancement. In this article a characteristics based method in Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian framework for 2D unsteady flow was used. The governing equations are Navier–Stokes for incompressible flow and energy equation. Vibrations applied to an array of isothermal cylinders in a cavity that is a simple model for simulation of natural convection in a heat exchanger. The effects of frequency of oscillations, cylinder spacing, amplitudes of vibrations and Rayleigh number have been investigated. The results indicate that, the increment of distance of two cylinders by cylinder diameter ratio makes the increment of the averaged Nusselt number only at middle and top cylinders and doesn't have a substantial change in the bottom cylinder. Moreover, increment of the amplitudes of vibrations at a fixed frequency, enhances the averaged Nusselt number due to augmentation of velocity of oscillations. Key-Words: Natural Convection, Finite Element, ALE method, Characteristic Based Split, Oscillating Cylinder


This study continues Beyond :30 research exploring addressability for TV ads. Specifically, it extends the earlier research by comparing limited interruption vs. clutter as it relates to addressability and teases out differences based on 'in-market' vs. 'relevant' criteria in defining addressable targets. Includes biometric measures.


The main characteristics of the airport lighting equipment developed, made, and operated in the USSR over the last 60 years are given. LIkewise, the most important research works comprising theoretical justification of the accepted parameters of the light signaling equipment for airports, developed and operated in the country, are set forth. In addition, criteria for the evaluation of the difficulties of landing according to the ICAO categories and the illuminating engineering characteristics of the light signaling equipment for all the categories of landing difficulties according to ICAO are pointed out.


Using our calculus for SU(3) a generating function for Wigner D-matrix elements is derived for the first time. From this an explicit expression for the individual matrix elements, in an arbitrary irreducible representation, is obtained, also for the first time, in terms of polynomials in the matrix elements of the defining representation of SU(3). This expression does not depend on any particular parametrization of the group.


Chronic urticaria is defined by the presence of itchy wheals, sometimes accompanied by angioedema, lasting for at least 6 weeks. In children, most cases occur without an eliciting factor and are defined as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). CSU affects up to 0.75% of children with a negative impact on quality of life and school performance. CSU is treated in adults with second‐generation antihistamines, increased up to four times normal doses for second‐line treatment. Omalizumab (a monoclonal antibody to IgE) may be recommended as third‐line therapy. A similar protocol is used in children, yet little is known of its efficacy and safety.


Abstract Accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins is thought to play a role in pathogen-induced plant defense responses. Although early accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase has been associated previously with genetically-inherited and induced systemic resistance, their role in resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to the phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria solani is not yet understood. Here we describe the accumulation patterns of specific isozymes of pathogenesis-related proteins in the resistant tomato genotypes 71B2, NC EBR-1, NC EBR-2 and the susceptible cultivar Piedmont. Western blot analysis demonstrated that four isozymes of chitinase (26, 27, 30, and 32kDa) were induced in all genotypes upon challenge with A. solani, but only resistant lines had significantly higher constitutive levels of the 30kDa isozyme as well as total chitinase activity. In addition, the 30kDa chitinase isozyme was found to accumulate to significantly higher levels in resistant lines during pathogenesis than the susceptible genotype. Two isozymes of β-1,3-glucanase (33 and 35kDa) were detected in all genotypes, but a slightly higher constitutive level was detectable in all resistant lines when compared to the susceptible. Similar accumulation patterns of these isozymes were observed in all genotypes during the course of pathogenesis. Purified preparations of acidic and basic tomato chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase isozymes were tested for their antifungal activity against A. solani in vitro. Results presented in this study indicate that only basic isozymes of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase were inhibitory to A. solani whereas, no inhibitory activity was observed with the acidic isozymes. The results of this study suggest that a higher constitutive level of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase and the induction pattern of a 30kDa chitinase isozyme in early blight resistant breeding lines is related to genetically-inherited resistance of tomato to A. solani.


With the development of science and technology, 3D models used more widely in various fields. People can accurately understand the structure of thing by create model. Moon guitar is famous musical Instruments in China. People do not understand the structure of this because it lacks effective information on public internet. Building a detailed 3D model of this will try solve this problem. This paper was using the OpenSCad software to build a model. The model will be divided into several small parts and implemented separately. Assemble the small model, and getting texture on it. Update finished product to online 3D viewer. A large number of experimental evaluations show that the people very agree with the appearance and details of the model. There are still defects in the music feeling. The model can achieve the original purpose which people understand the structure.


Objective. To investigate the impact of the sorbtion-aspiration drainage system on background of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide on experimental peritonitis.
Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 55 white laboratory rat males, ageing 2 - 3 mo, with the body mass 225 - 250 g, which were kept in the typical vivarium conditions. Suspension of E. coli in physiological solution, 1.0 - 1.5 ml in concentration 1010 , was used for the peritoneum contamination. The suspension was introduced into abdominal cavity in the dose, dependent on the animal body mass, using the syringe for insulin injection. Peritonitis in the rats was developed in 48 h and characterized by intoxication, which exaggerated rapidly, as well as by intestinal motor disorders and pronounced microcirculatory disturbances. The experimental animals were distributed into 5 Groups. In patients of Group I the interventions were not performed (control); in laboratory animals of Group II peritonitis was not simulated, but the abdominal cavity was drained, using the sorption-aspiration drainage system; in laboratory animals of Group III peritonitis was simulated; in the Group IV of laboratory animals on background of peritonitis the abdominal cavity was drained, using the sorption-aspiration drainage system; in the Group V animals the abdominal cavity was drained by a standard silicon drain on background of peritonitis.
Results. Reduction of abdominal contamination by 43.12% and of histological features were produced in abdominal organs under the influence of the composite system, witnessing its bactericidal and sorption-antiinflammatory action.
Conclusion. Experimentally there was confirmed the possibility of application of sorption-aspiration drainage system on background of hydroxyapatite and zinc oxide in treatment of an acute peritonitis.


This study aims to explore the contemporary interpretation of Buddhism, the inheritance of Chan, the use of Chan teaching materials, and Chan practice in contemporary society. This thesis pays most attention to The Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch(六祖壇經), focusing on the interpretation of the phrase "To see the Nature and thus to become a Buddha" (見性成佛). When discussing the term nature in this teaching, there are multiple interpretations. This thesis discusses the teaching of Venerable Sheng Yen(聖嚴法師, 1930-2009), pinpoints the relationship of his interpretation and his practice, and analyzes how he interprets the sutra, in order to develop the direction of Chan education in the contemporary period. Thus, it portrays his significance in the revival of Buddhism in contemporary society. The thesis starts by defining the questions and scope of research in the first chapter. Then in the second chapter, it reviews contemporary thought on the interpretation of Chan, including the thought of Venerable Yin Shun(印順法師, 1906-2005). The third chapter examines the evolution of Venerable Sheng Yen's Chan thought in chronological order. Venerable Sheng Yen established the Chan Meditation Center in New York in 1977. The chapter follows the development of his teaching from that time, and explains his approach that equally emphasizes academic analysis and practice. Further, the third chapter organizes sources related to his writings and publications, and clarifies his cause-and-effect analysis of "method" and "goal." "Method" refers to utilizing the wisdom of void, while "goal" refers to reaching the level of "To see the Nature and thus to become a Buddha". The fourth chapter is about how Venerable Sheng Yen uses the "To see the Nature" teaching in a variety of Dharma practices, including a variety of Chan practices, reconstructions, and expansions. This thesis concludes that Venerable Sheng Yen's emphasis on the teaching of the Platform Sutra clarified the goal and method of practicing Chan. The result not only enriched the understanding of contemporary Chan Buddhism, but also advanced the construction of contemporary Chan teaching, expanded Chan's popularity, further combined meditation and compassion teachings, and contributed to the social significance of ethics education, thus promoting the core concepts of Hanchuan Buddhism(漢傳佛教) and its education.


Method of performing an alternative frequency switching in radio includes tuning a radio to the primary frequency. Candidate alternate frequency is identified. Whether a candidate alternative frequencies is third order intermodulation artefacts are determined. Only when the candidate alternative frequencies is not a third-order intermodulation artefacts is determined in the step of determining the tuning is switched to the candidate alternative frequencies from the primary frequency.


An axial compressor is a pressure producing machine. It is a rotating, airfoil-based compressor in which the working fluid
principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation. This is in contrast with other rotating compressors such as centrifugal
compressors, axi-centrifugal compressors and mixed-flow compressors where the air may enter axially but will have a
significant radial component on exit. The energy level of air or gas flowing through it is increased by the action of the rotor
blades which exert torque on the fluid which is supplied by an electric motor or a steam or a gas turbine. In this thesis, an
axial flow compressor is designed and modeled in 3D modeling software SOLIDWORKS. The present design has 30blades, in
this thesis it is replaced with 10 blades. The present used material is Alloy Steel; it is replaced with chromium
alloy and Tungsten alloy. Structural analysis is done on the compressor models to verify the strength of the compressor. CFD
analysis is done to verify the flow of air. The stress values are less for Tungsten alloy than the respective yield stress
values for Chromium steel and Alloy steel. The stress value is less for Tungsten alloy than Chromium steel and Alloy steel, so
using Tungsten alloy is better. By using 10blades the stresses are increasing, but are within the limits. CFD analysis is done
to verify the flow of air. The outlet velocity is increasing for 10 blades; pressure is more for 30 blades. So it concluded that
using Tungsten alloy and 10 blades is better for compressor blade.


ABSTRACT The essential oil was obtained by steam distillation from fruits of Iryanthera ulei Warb. growing in Colombia. The oil was analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The main components were α-muurolol (13.2%), spathulenol (12.1%), α-cadinol (7.8%), guaiol (4.0%), oplopanone (3.7%), 1,10- diepi-cubenol (3.4%) and limonene (3.3%) constituting a sesquiterpene-type enriched mixture. In addition, oil was tested for its antimicrobial activity against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by means of a modified agar-well diffusion method. S. aureus strain was found to be the most sensitive microorganism. Keywords Iryanthera ulei , Myristicaceae, essential oil composition, α-muurolol, spathulenol, antimicrobial activity. INTRODUCTION Iryanthera ulei Warb. is a tree which grows up to 30 m in height. The fruit has a perianth carnous or thin carnous, often glabrescent, cupuliform, around 3 mm long 1 and it grows in the wild in Amazonian Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia and Peru. I. ulei has been used by some Colombian natives, like Barasana tribe that uses it to clean infected wounds and Puinave tribe as baiting fish.


UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, DEPT. OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY. Ann Arbor, Mich, May 4, 1905. To the Editor: —Certain medical journals are publishing a letter from the Denver Chemical Company criticising Dr. A. H. Roth's article on clay mixture poultices (The Journal, April 15, p. 1185), and criticisingThe Journalfor publishing it. The letter contains several erroneous statements and as I had something to do with the article, as I shall show below, I think it only fair to Dr. Roth and toThe Journalto give the facts. The gist of the letter can be condensed into the following statements, viz.: That the manufacturers of the substance formerly carried an advertisement in The Journal of the American Medical Association. That this advertisement was withdrawn. That the manager of The Journal, influenced by this loss of the advertisement, sent an abstract of Dr. Roth's article to medical journals. That the


Using high performance liquid Chromatography(HPLC) to determine the content of rutin,quercetin,hyperoside,kaempferol,oleanolic acid,ursolic acid,β-sitosterol of the 100 species which were commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine in Changbai mountain area.The DPPH radical scavenging activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of extracts of these medicinal plants were scanned.The inhibition rate of 83 kinds medicinal plants against DPPH radical are more than 80%,and 30 kinds medicinal plants against tyrosinase is above 50%.Experiments show that the simple,fast,accurate and reliable method is established,and the basis experimental evidence is provided for the development of medicinal plants in Changbai mountain area.


This study investigates the outage performance of cooperative device-to-device (D2D) communication reusing the uplink resource allocated to multiple cellular users which distribute uniformly in the cell. First, the explicit outage probability expressions for cooperative D2D with decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and -forward (AF) relaying schemes are both provided. Then based on this, the effects of network parameters including transmit power and user locations on outage probabilities are explored. Accordingly, the criteria for relay selection in cooperative D2D is further proposed. Simulations and numerical results validate the derivations and analyses, and reveal that at the cell-edge, the cooperative D2D mode can achieve significant outage performance gains over the traditional direct D2D case without relay cooperation, even with less transmit power.


Space Congress 2004 Session 1 C Commercial Use of Spaceport Technologies Commercial Use of KSC's Cable Inspection Technologies and Potential Opportunities in the Near Future Pedro J. Medelius, Ph.D. Chief Technologist ASRC Aerospace University-Affiliated Spaceport Technology Development Contract (USTDC)