In a recent interview, Alain Robbe-Grillet decried the fact that promising young filmmakers are forced by economic circumstances to forego experimentation in favor of films that are more in keeping with predominant narrative modes: Frequently a filmmaker who began by making interesting films is obliged to make films that are more and more in conformity with cinematographic narration in order to continue to make films at all, especially if he makes expensive ones. I am thinking, for example, of Wim Wenders. The first films of Wim Wenders are quite astonishing and largely incomprehensible. These include The American Friend and another called Hammett, which is more or less the story of Dashiell Hammett. They were costly and sumptuous and totally mad. Later, he did Paris, Texas, which is an interesting film, yet much more in conformity with what the public expects. (Fragola and Smith 136) Robbe-Grillet himself can hardly be accused of pandering to public expectations for narrative and representational cinema. He is an experimenter who has managed to make nine films so far without compromising his artistic vision. And one can reasonably expect that his tenth and eleventh films, Un bruit qui rend fou ("A Maddening Noise") and La forteresse vide ('The Empty Fortress"), for which he has written the screenplays, will, like his previous films, have been conceived as works of rigorous artistic experimentation whatever their ultimate cinematic form.1 Yet, given the wide appeal of film, the experimentation of what has been called Robbe-Grillet's "new cinema" (Chateau and Jost 12)2 can play a broadly cultural role when it begins to challenge and transform the dominant assumptions of filmmaking and film viewing. One can observe such an influence by exploring the transformations brought about by Robbe-Grillet. But it may also be enlightening to examine a film like Paris, Texas as an instance of transition from the experimental new cinema to the dominant narrative cinema. At such a point of conversion artistic innovations are still fresh. Yet they are being applied to a traditional context in a way that a new cinema filmmaker like Robbe-Grillet, intent on defying narrative convention, might have found impossible. It may be helpful to visualize this point of transition as occurring along a continuum. On one end of the spectrum are films, some even more radical than those of Robbe-Grillet, in which meaning is not easily discerned, while the other extreme includes the many films mat follow the dominant narrative codes and whose meanings are perceived to be largely unproblematic. On the first side of the spectrum, let us call it the left side, belong what Umberto Eco has called "open works" (68) which, because they depart from the familiar, "seek to convey..'. sheer information, an unchecked abundance of possible meanings" (94, my emphasis). The second half, or right side, leans toward those "forms of communication [that] demand meaning, order, obviousness-namely, all those forms which... need to be understood univocally, with no possibility for misunderstanding or individual interpretation" (93-94). Eco's views, which he adapts from information theory, might be summarized by stating that information (taken to mean a multiplicity of possible meanings) and predictability are inversely proportional. Or, as Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver put it in their classic work on information theory, "greater freedom of choice, greater uncertainty, greater information go hand in hand" (18-19).3 Of equal importance is Eco's argument that "the value of every form of art, no matter how conventional or traditional its tools, depends on the degree of novelty present in the organization of its elements-novelty that inevitably entails an increase in information" (94). This view might be summarized by stating that art and information (that is to say, multiple meanings) are directly proportional. It follows, therefore, that in film there must be some son of disruption of the viewing audience's expectations if that audience is to be exposed to information or multiple meanings. …


The geographical distribution, habitat separation, reproductive periodicity, fecundity, population size structure, and other life-history features of several crustaceans dominant in four sandy beaches of south-eastern New South Wales were studied. The species examined include the cirolanid isopods Pseudolana concinna and P. towrae, the exoedicerotid amphipods Exoediceroides maculosus and Exoediceros fossor, the urohaustoriid amphipod Urohaustorius metungi, and the zobrachoid amphipod Bumeralius buchalius. Closely related species were generally separated by habitat, with the exception of U. metungi and B. buchalius, which occurred together on some beaches. In these two species, ecological separation was evident in zonation patterns, size of individuals, and reproductive seasonality.


An exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, 11 West 53rd Street, New York, NY 10019, until 2 January 2006. Admission $20 www.moma.org/exhibitions/2005/safe.html


A theoretical treatment of the H2NO radical is presented. In the calculation, the approximate SCF method of Longuet-Higgins and Pople for open-shell molecules is applied to the valence electron system, the CNDO/2 approximation is adopted, and the molecular excited states are approximated by linear combinations of some doublet Slater determinants constructed by means of the SCF MO for the ground state. The results thus obtained for the electronic structure of the H2NO radical are discussed. The calculated spectrum for the H2NO radical shows that the longest wavelength band has the n→π* character, and the π→π* transition energy is smaller than that for the n→σ* transition. The π→π* transition energy, 5.77 eV, calculated by the method in which only the π-electrons were explicitly considered, indicated that the π→π* band falls into the area near 240 mμ. From the calculated results for the H2NO radical and the solvent effect on the absorption bands of aliphatic nitric oxide radicals, two bands, at 450 mμ, and ...


Beginning with a critical examination of F. Nietzsche' and M. Scheler's account of individualistic and vitalistic resentment, this paper considers the emotional patterns of resentment in everyday interactions and in social relationships characterized by inequality, in the context of modernity. Resentment is a feeling experienced by social actors when an external agency denies them opportunities or valued resources (including status) that are socially represented as available to them. Such feeling inheres simultaneously in the social structures and relationships in which social actors are embedded. Arising from social relationships, resentment depends on the wider set of relations, that constitutes the social framework in which the agent plays his part. This analytic perspective puts forward the hypothesis that resentment is always socially situated and therefore it does not arise from psychological dynamics as generally considered, but from interactive and social dynamics. In the contemporary societies, social actors have growing possibility of individual choice, but they are unable to promote the conditions of equal opportunity required in order to achieve them. An increasingly ambitious and mimetic desire clashes with a selective and competitive reality. As a consequence, a widespread and deep resentment is embedded in everyday social life.


Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis is known for its complex population structure with three major transoceanic forms (viz. middle-sized, dwarf, and giant forms) whose taxonomic status has been disputed for decades. This integrated taxonomic study examines these prevenient morphotypes gathered on cruises in the Indian Ocean to ascertain their status in the evolutionary history of the species.  Molecular analyses employing mitochondrial (COI, ND2) and nuclear (H3) markers revealed four genetically distinct and novel lineages of the species in the Indian Ocean, representing three morphotypes from the Arabian Sea and one from the Southern Indian Ocean. The mitochondrial-based phylograms revealed two distinct clades in the species: 'dwarf forms + giant form' and 'middle-sized forms,' which further branch into geographically structured evolutionary units. Species delimitation analyses recovered five distinct clades viz. the Arabian Sea Giant and Dwarf forms, Equatorial, Eastern Typical, and Other Middle-sized forms, representing the consensus molecular operational taxonomic units. H3 being heterozygous, could not resolve the phylogeny. Haplotype network and AMOVA analysis of mtDNA genes indicated explicit phylogeographic structuring of haplotypes whereas these outputs and PCA results were incongruent with the morphological grouping. Phenetic features distinguishing the morphotypes were sometimes plastic and mismatched with the genotypes. The giant form was genetically close to the dwarf forms, contradicting the earlier notion that it descended from the middle-sized form. It may be assumed that the dwarf form evolved following sympatric speciation and adaptation to warm equatorial waters, whilst the focal features of the Western Arabian Sea guide towards allopatric speciation of the giant form. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


This dissertation presents a framework for testing for market power in storable-good markets. The framework is applied to the Nordic wholesale electricity market, in which the storable commodity is hydroelectricity. The marginal cost of a unit of hydro output arises from the opportunity cost of not being able to sell the unit in the future. Thus, to measure price-cost margins, the economist must evaluate the value of the water at the state of the market where the production decision is made. This value depends on the hydro producers'expectations about the future market conditions. The Nordic power market presents a unique opportunity for testing the nature and degree of market power in storage behavior, because of the availability of precise data on market fundamentals, which determine the expectations about the future value of water. The thesis …rst develops a model of socially optimal hydro allocation. This competitive benchmark is modeled as an aggregative single agent stochastic dynamic programming problem, and is solved numerically on the computer. The key inputs of the model are estimated from actual market data. The model can be used to construct distributions of the expected values of the key market outcomes, such as storage levels, prices and outputs. The expected price of electricity is shown to exhibit features that are typical for both exhaustible resources and for storable goods. The results from the benchmark model also suggest that the observed market behavior in 2000-05 was markedly di¤erent from the social optimum. This ine¢ cient allocation of the hydro resource is estimated to have lead to a welfare loss of 621 million euros. To study whether the welfare loss can be attributed to market power, the thesis next develops an explicit model of dynamic imperfect competition. The model maps the primitive distributions to market outcomes as a function


Neural progenitor cells, including neural stem cells, are a potential expandable source of graft material for transplantation aimed at repairing the damaged CNS. Here we present the first evidence that in vitro‐expanded fetus‐derived neurosphere cells were able to generate neurons in vivo and improve motor function upon transplantation into an adult rat spinal‐cord‐contusion injury model. As the source of graft material, we used a neural stem cell‐enriched population that was derived from rat embryonic spinal cord (E14.5) and expanded in vitro by neurosphere formation. Nine days after contusion injury, these neurosphere cells were transplanted into adult rat spinal cord at the injury site. Histological analysis 5 weeks after the transplantation showed that mitotic neurogenesis occurred from the transplanted donor progenitor cells within the adult rat spinal cord, a nonneurogenic region; that these donor‐derived neurons extended their processes into the host tissues; and that the neurites formed synaptic structures. Furthermore, analysis of motor behavior using a skilled reaching task indicated that the treated rats showed functional recovery. These results indicate that in vitro‐expanded neurosphere cells derived from the fetal spinal cord are a potential source for transplantable material for treatment of spinal cord injury. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A double-lattice BAW filter with balanced input and output is designed with a center frequency of 2.14GHz. The filter is integrated directly above a 0.25/spl mu/m BiCMOS RF IC. Insertion loss of -3dB and out-of-band rejection better than -50dB are achieved. An integrated LNA comprising two broadband amplifiers and one BAW filter is also presented.


These are truly exciting times in orthopedic surgery, particularly for medical students, trainees, and young consultant surgeons. New technologies are being introduced in orthopedics constantly, and have been for many years. However, few developments in recent years have generated as much interest as 3D printing, among both surgeons and the lay public. The enthusiasm associated with 3D modeling and printing is not limited to orthopedics, but cuts across all of medicine and surgery. Uses are being developed that already have clinical applications as well as having an impact in basic science and research. It is difficult to appreciate how revolutionary this technology could be, with potential benefits that could resonate through unrelated sectors across modern society, including all of manufacturing and production. Before addressing 3D printing and modeling specifically, it will be useful to first consider how new technologies and innovations are adopted in a broader sense. It has been over 50 years since Rogers introduced the principles governing the Diffusion of Innovation, and coined the term "early adopter." Perhaps somewhat abstract, these concepts nevertheless remain highly relevant. When graphed, the cumulative number of adopters of a particular innovation can be modeled as a logistic curve, with very gradual initial uptake followed by an exponential increase as the new technology gains popularity. Eventually the growth in the number of users and adopters slows in an inverse exponential pattern, as the market becomes saturated. This in part reflects the bell-shaped Gaussian distribution of our individual tendencies to accept, and ultimately embrace, new technology. Rogers proposed 5 categories for those who adopt any innovation: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. These categories are reflections of an individual's willingness and ability to adopt new innovations, based on their own awareness, interest, evaluation, and experience. However, economic reality can be a powerful driving force, and available resources often govern uptake. New technology should always be introduced in a way that guarantees its safety, its efficacy, and its affordability. This is of course true here as well, and although 3D printers first appeared almost 30 years ago it is only in the past 10 years that their tremendous potential has become so evident. As the cost of printers has gradually fallen, and as the processing power of computers has improved, 3D modeling and printing has taken center stage in the media devoted to technology. The "Hype Cycle" of Gartner has often been used to describe the phases exhibited when new technologies are introduced. We may now be reaching "the peak of inflated expectations," but have yet to experience the perhaps inevitable "trough of disillusionment." It will take a period of years before balance is achieved between overuse and underutilization, and the "plateau of productivity" is reached. Until then, research will be necessary to assess the extent of the clinical benefits with respect to the magnitude of the financial investment, to determine precisely when the benefits justify the costs associated. Surgeons must assume the leadership role and make the critical decisions when introducing any new surgical technology. We must act as advocates for our patients while promoting safe, efficacious, appropriate, and cost-effective changes as new technologies influence the care we are able to provide. This symposium dedicated to "3D Modeling, Printing, and Biofabrication in Orthopedic Surgery" is therefore timely, and covers a broad range of topics. It has been my great pleasure to be one of the early adopters, having been actively involved in this area for the past several years. For many surgeons 3D spatial awareness is inextricably linked with surgery itself, and 3D modeling and printing is the most natural extension to visualizing surgical pathology. It has unfortunately so far been difficult to describe and objectively measure the benefits associated but they are indeed genuine, if now considered somewhat intangible. The goal here was to provide orthopedic surgeons with a primer with respect to some of the particular techniques associated, while simultaneously providing an overview of a few of the many possible contemporary applications. The manuscripts here include papers specific to several different subspecialty areas, including Hand, Spine, and Foot and Ankle. The first manuscript in this symposium I prepared together with one of my trainees, Tamer Mettyas, and we provide a general overview of the current status of 3D modeling and printing as it applies to orthopedic surgery. We also touch on many of the pertinent ethical and regulatory concerns associated, and finally examine in an abstract discussion some of the issues related to the costs and any potential benefits that may be derived. Nick Green and colleagues have provided a primer for those keen to get involved, outlining the requisite steps and basic processes necessary to move from CT scan to 3D model. For those unfamiliar with the process there is significant image processing necessary to progress from the CT scan images to a patient-specific 3D model. This paper covers many of the specific techniques involved in this workflow, including segmentation and the conversion to stereolithography files. Michael Kalamaras and colleagues have looked specifically at what options are currently available for surgeons interested in the upper extremity, particularly the hand and wrist. These options include either outsourcing the process to a commercial service, or tackling this head on as an in-house operation. This has been the application that is currently most relevant in orthopedic surgery, with a dedicated commercial From the *Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston; and wSchool of Medicine Queensland University of Technology, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. The author declares that there is nothing to disclose. Copyright r 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. PREFACE


It has been suggested that prolactin is a regulator of aldosterone secretion. In order to test this hypothesis, we measured prolactin, thyrotrophin and aldosterone by radioimmunoassay and plasma renin activity by the radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I in eight normal women before and after the intravenous injection of 200 μg of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). Prolactin increased from 4.1 ± 1.1 ng/ml (mean ± SE) to a peak of 27.4 ± 3.8 (P > 0.005) at 15 min following TRH. Plasma renin activity was not different from control levels (1.0 ± 0.2 ng/ml/h) during the first hour following the administration of TRH, nor did the plasma aldosterone concentration differ significantly from the control levels (39 ± 7 pg/ml) during this period. However, with upright posture, an increase in aldosterone (from 31 ± 3 pg/ ml at 1 h to 68 ± 9 at 2 h, P > 0.005) and in plasma renin activity (from 0.9 ± 0.2 ng/ml/h at 1 h to 2.0 ± 0.5 at 2 h, P > 0.05) was noted, demonstrating a normal capacity to secrete aldosterone in these subjects. Similarly, no change in aldosterone was seen in nine patients with primary hypothyroidism given TRH, despite the fact that the increase in prolactin was greater than normal. Chronic hyperpro‐lactinaemia was not associated with hyperaldosteronism in six patients with pituitary tumour. These data demonstrate that acutely or chronically elevated serum prolactin levels do not result in increased plasma aldosterone levels in humans.


An all-organic memory device based on a copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin-film transistor (TFT) using gold nanocrystals embedded in a polyimide gate dielectric is demonstrated. Both the gate dielectric and the active semiconductor layer are organic materials. Discrete gold nanocrystals are adopted as the charge storage medium. Under proper gate bias, gold nanocrystals are charged and discharged, resulting in the modulation of the channel conductance. Current–voltage (I–V) measurements at room temperature show the memory behaviour of the fabricated devices. The detailed programming and erasing operations are discussed. Low fabrication temperature and low cost are two benefits of the fabricated memory devices, which could provide a low-cost solution for the all organic circuits.


With the development of economic globalization,corporate social accountability plays a more and more important role in the foreign trade business,and whether or not the enterprises take social accountability becomes a significant criterion of evaluating enterprises.This paper analyses the theory of corporate social accountability,and its influences on foreign trade,then puts forward effective measures for Chinese enterprises to cope with.


The Euler homogeneity relation expresses how a homogeneous function transforms under scaling. When implemented it helps to determine source location for particular potential field anomalies. In this paper we introduce an additional relation that expresses the transformation of homogenous functions under rotations. The combined implementation of the two equations gives a more complete source imaging that allows determining susceptibility contrast and dip determinations. The equations are developed and successfully implemented on model and real data for magnetic contacts and thin dykes.


The great total assets showed the company experienced growth in financial performance. In addition, such non-material wealth of knowledge, copyrights, patents, human resources support the success of the company's performance. Each company has a born significant operational cost, so the company needs funds from outside. The financial performance was assessed using profitability. A company is considered if its profit is achieved with good management within the company. The method of the study is a quantitative method, this type of research is descriptive with the samples of 40 companies drawn through a purposive sampling method. Data collection was performed by documentation through secondary data sources. The nature of research is associative expalanatory. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis using the F-test and T- test at significance level of 5% and Adjusted R-square value of 0.765 or 76% of the variables of firm size, intellectual capital and leverage variables can explain the dependent variables. The results of the research on the hypothesis indicates that the size of the company, intellectual capital and leverage simultaneously have a significant and positive effect on the financial performance by 43.2%. Partially, the size of the company with a value of 0,010 does not have a significant and positive effect on financial performance. While intellectual capital with a value of 0.159 has a positive and significant effect on financial performance and the value of leverage -0.106 has a significant negative effect on financial performance.Keywords: Company Size, Intellectual Capital, Leverage, Financial Performance


Annotation Various forms of integral representations of the electromagnetic field are considered. It is shown that the use of analytically developed integral representations of the electromagnetic field instead of the vector potential method makes it possible to significantly simplify the formulation of the internal and external electrodynamic problem for specific structures. The numerical results of solving problems of radiation and diffraction of electromagnetic waves are presented. It is shown that taking into account the peculiarities of the geometry and using projection functions close to the eigenfunctions of the integral operator of the internal electrodynamic problem for basic elements make it possible to construct effective algorithms for the electrodynamic analysis of metastructures. A mathematical model of a multistage chiral frame is proposed. By the example of a tubular vibrator, the possibility of approximating the solution of an internal electrodynamic problem using eigenfunctions is demonstrated. The prospects for further development of the integral representations of the electromagnetic field method are considered.


A chemical separation experiment can be an interesting addition to an introductory analytical chemistry laboratory course. We have developed an experiment to extract FD&C Red Dye #40 from beverages containing cranberry juice. After extraction, the dye is quantified using colorimetry. The experiment gives students hands-on experience in using solid phase extraction to extract the red dye from other colorants in the red beverages. Students are also given experience with colorimetry, the Beer–Lambert law, and some wet chemical techniques. The recovery of the red dye from spiked cranberry juice was found to be 99% with a standard deviation of 2%.


The task of the immune system is to prevent foreign organisms from entering the body, if microbes have entered the body, to destroy them, to prevent or delay their spread. One of the most important features of the immune system is that it has the ability to recognize and distinguish millions of different microbes that are foreign to it. The immune system, like the brain, evaluates and synthesizes the situation, which is this breeding organ, and produces different training and special responses to microbes, cancer. This is a feature that does not exist in any system or organ except the brain and immune system. In summary, the task of the immune system is to protect the essence of the individual. For this reason, he knows himself first and does not harm the essence. In this context, it can be said that the immune system spends as much effort on self-knowledge as it does on fighting the enemy. This rewiev article is intended to provide an overview of the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways and the description of their efficacy in cancer therapy or immunotherapy.


This paper describes an improved version of a method that automatically searches near-optimal multi-layer feedforward artificial neural networks using genetic algorithms. This method employs an evolutionary search for simultaneous choices of initial weights, transfer functions, architectures and learning rules. Experimental results have shown that the developed method can produce compact, efficient networks with a satisfactory generalization power and with shorter training times when compared to other methods found in the literature.


Along with the universities basketball sports event development and the prosperity,the original youth league tournament was under the impact.The pattern for training young basketball gifted persons is in a transforming period,together with many problems and puzzles.How to coordinate the relationship between various league tournaments and to accelerate the realization of training aims has become a big topic for cultivating our basketball poayers.Based on the analysis of large amount of materials and visits of some experts,the author has put forward some ideas for the youth-stage basketball competition system.


Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a fairly widespread agronomic constraint in many of the world's cereal (wheat, rice, corn, barley, etc.) production regions. Zinc is an imperative micronutrient required for optimum plant growth and development. Low Zn availability in about 50% of global land has resulted in Zn deficiency in cereal grains. A two-year field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, during Rabi season 2018–19 (Y1) and 2019–20 (Y2) to study the impact of Zn levels (0, 5, 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1), compost types (control, composted sheep manure (SMC), composted poultry manure (PMC) and farmyard manure compost (FYMC), and Zn-solubilizing bacteria (ZnSB) (with (+) and without (-) on Zn biofortification in order to overcome Zn deficiency. The experiment was set up in three replications in a randomized complete block design. The wheat variety "Pirsabak-2013" was planted in a 30 cm row-to-row spacing. The plot size was kept at 9 cm2, with 10 rows plot−1, and the seed was sown at a rate of 100 kg ha−1. The results showed that ZnSB application increased ShZnC (shoot Zn concentration) to a maximum level of 29.3 mg kg−1, ShZnUp (shoot Zn uptake) to 176.0 g ha−1, SZnUp (straw Zn uptake) to 116.67 g ha−1, and TZnUp (total Zn uptake) to 230.3 g ha−1. In the case of compost types, PMC resulted in maximum grain Zn uptake (GZnUp) (28.9 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (192.9 g ha−1), GZnC (33.4 mg kg−1), GZnUp (125.06 g ha−1), SZnUp (125.26 g ha−1), and TZnUp (250.3 g ha−1). In the case of Zn levels, higher ShZnC (31.5 mg kg−1), ShZnUp (191.3 g ha−1), GZnC (34.4 mg kg−1), SZnC (23.5 mg kg−1), GZnUp (128.98 g ha−1), SZnUp (129.29 g ha−1), and TZnUp (258.3 g ha−1) were calculated with the use of the highest rate of 15 kg Zn ha−1, which was either statistically similar to or followed by 10 kg Zn ha−1. A strong positive correlation was found among uptake by different plant parts (ZnG, ZnS, ShZnUp, GZnUp, SZnUp, and TZnUp). It was concluded that the combined application of PMC and 10 kg Zn ha−1 along with ZnSB (+) improved Zn biofortification and uptake in wheat crop under Zn-deficient soils.


This study aimed to evaluate stump regrowth and estimate the reconstitution of shrub-tree biomass from the stumps in an area of Caatinga under forest management in Floresta-PE, Brazil. The circumferences and heights of the stump and sprouts were measured two years after an intervention on 18 plots. The influence of the stump diameter and its height on the sprouting ability of the species was evaluated. Data was taken in the next area without intervention in order to estimate the diameter at breast height for reconstitution of the exploited biomass. We found that the tillering for Poincianella bracteosa and Aspidosperma pyrifolium was influenced by the size of the circumference, but not by the stump height. The average estimated biomass (17186.16 kg ha-1) was similar to other areas also subject to human intervention, and its reconstitution can be an auxiliary tool for monitoring illegal deforestation by environmental agencies.


Accurate weather forecasting benefits us in a variety of ways, from scheduling flights to agricultural harvests. However, existing temperature forecasting models have two problems, one is the accumulation of errors caused by autoregressive models, and the other is difficult to predict complex and varying temperatures such as those in highlands. In this paper, we proposed TempCast, a multi-modal Transformer model for short-term temperature prediction. The model has two features: (i) Modeling the features entirely by self-attention, which can effectively capture the exact long-term dependent coupling between output and input. And multiple predictions are obtained at once using a generative decoder, (ii) The modeling of multi-source data through a decoupled multi-modal fusion mechanism can effectively come to cope with the drastic changes of weather in highlands and mountains, etc. The experimental results show that the method can well achieve short-term temperature prediction and significantly outperforms all traditional methods in several indicators. The method also provides a new solution idea for multi-modal temperature prediction. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/Adam618/Temp Cast.


Intracranial metastases of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising in the submaxillary salivary gland occurred in a 36-year-old woman two years after onset of the disease. This is an unusual site for spread of this tumor, having occurred in only 3.0% of reported cases, and is particularly unusual at such an early stage of the disease. Appearance of the intracranial lesion was followed within six months by the death of the patient, with extensive metastases to intrathoracic, intraabdominal, and retroperitoneal viscera. Although adenoid cystic carcinoma is characteristically a tumor of uniform cytologic morphology and pattern, the present tumor was poorly differentiated and showed an unusual degree of cell pleomorphism. The propensity of this tumor for metastases to regional lymph nodes and distant sites indicates the necessity for early radical surgery if the disease is to be controlled.


The general public will remember James Dickey for Deliverance, the best-selling adventure novel that was made into a Burt Reyuolds movie, and additional people may read To the White Sea, if Brad Pitt stars in the fi1m versi(•n to be directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. Folks may recaD some of the poems on popular subjec1 s such as foot baD or the moon landing, or some of the more sensationalistic verses on aduhery or a woman preaching sex, especially if they heard an increasingly Dionysian Dickey bring these to life during his bamstonning-for-poetry tours. The coffee-table books sold well, though by definiti•m had a relatively short shelf life. The rest of Dickey's life's-work will remain largely unread at td unknown.


ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of an integrated natural ventilation design for a NetZero energy house in maintaining occupants comfortable solely by passive means. The house was instrumented and monitored during the warmest months of the year. A dynamic thermal model and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model were developed to supplement the measurements and help to understand the factors that contribute to the effectiveness of the design. A methodology was developed to validate the models with data and cross-validate them. Adaptive thermal comfort is used as the metric to determine if comfort has been achieved. The study concludes that the house as a whole meets the comfort target. Two technologies were compared through simulations to evaluate their effect on enhancing wind-induced natural ventilation. The technologies did not improve cooling performance in a significant manner. Further work is needed to improve the models through technologies testing in the laboratory and model the uncertainty of the boundary forces to increase confidence in the results.


An iterative implicit?explicit hybrid scheme is proposed for hyperbolic systems of conservation laws. Each wave in a system may be implicitly, or explicitly, or partially implicitly and partially explicitly treated depending on its associated Courant number in each numerical cell, and the scheme is able to smoothly switch between implicit and explicit calculations. The scheme is of Godunov-type in both explicit and implicit regimes, is in a strict conservation form, and is accurate to second-order in both space and time for all Courant numbers. The computer code for the scheme is easy to vectorize. Multicolors proposed in this paper may reduce the number of iterations required to reach a converged solution by several orders for a large time step. The feature of the scheme is shown through numerical examples.


The role of gallbladder disease in the production of upper abdominal distress and of "dyspeptic" complaints is well recognized. Blackford and Dwyer 1 in 1924, reporting a series of 1,650 cases presenting gastric symptoms, found that the organic pathologic condition of the abdomen causing the "dyspepsia" involved the gallbladder in 52 per cent of the cases. Crump 2 in 1931, reporting a series of 1,000 routine postmortem examinations, found signs of chronic and healed cholecystitis in 300 cases. He concludes that upward of 40 per cent of the adult population have disorders of the biliary system. Despite the widespread frequency of chronic cholecystitis, the principles of therapy are highly controversial. Judd, Crisp and Waldron 3 state that, according to the present conception of chronic cholecystic disease, some change in the gallbladder wall represents the seat of the trouble and that removal of the organ is the only way to eradicate


The foundation of modern capitalist economies is the theory of the New Classical School (NCS). In spite of their success in the last two centuries, capitalistic economies have experienced several unpleasant developments, like highly uneven distribution of income, instability etc. The NCS theory considers these events as the inevitable side-effects of the function of the powerful economic system it advocates. Others question whether this is true, or the NCS just tries to justify the traditional conflict among economic classes with a sophisticated theory. This article intends to review in general the main points of this dispute, and specify the role of the financial sector on this matter. The NCs prescribes an individual and social framework that intends to make economics as precise as a natural science. In addition, it makes basic assumptions about the behaviour of the key economic agents. It concludes that agents have homogeneous expectations, and the economy tends automatically to general equilibrium and full employment Some of the shortcomings of the NCS theory are: First the way it prescribes the economic environment is not in line with the intellectual honesty of a science. Second, some of the assumptions of the NCS, lead to erroneous conclusions about the consumption patterns of the society. Third, it assumes that market failures can be corrected by the market mechanism itself. However some market failures create monopolies which damage the environment and deplete non-renewable resources. Fourth, real world markets are a wide mixture of market imperfections, which are bound to happen. In this environment the "second best theory" poses a serious doubt about the validity of the dictums of the NCS Fifth, under the framework of NCS there is strong evidence that production technologies evolve against the interests of the labour class. The role of the financial sector is to transfer funds from the surplus units to the units with deficit of funds This function has many beneficial results for producers and consumers For these reason, the New Classical School advocates that financial markets should be allowed to innovative as much as possible. The validity of this view depends on the realism of the assumptions of NCS concerning rationality and the availability of information. In the planning of projects, agents face complex inter-temporal problems, which render their strategic plans not optimal. The NCS theory, argues that business cycles occur because of the of shocks external-to-the-economic-system. Opposing theories, based on the real world environment, attribute several business cycles to monetary factors. In the text we deal with this claim extensively. Essentially, agents become optimistic during the expansion phase of the cycle, and banks practice "predatory lending" during the early downturn, in anticipation of economic policies intending to prevent the cycle and restore full employment. These practices create an inordinate stock of debt which over time leads to a financial crisis. The role of the financial sector, as described above, obscures the effects of corrupt actions that frequently take place. There is plenty of evidence on this claim from our experience before and after the onset of the crisis of 2008 The long term implications these actions are the weakening of the competitive spirit in the markets, and the threat to our democratic traditions. There are plenty of suggestions concerning the restraints that should be imposed on the financial sector. In my opinion the fairest suggestion is that the sector should be required to assume more of the risk it deals within the planning of investment projects, rather than be allowed to only take most of the advantages of its benefits. The investigation of this topic is a demanding obligation for the area of financial economics.


General problems relating to the reporting of clinical trials are presented. These problems can commonly be attributed to inadequate planning and progress monitoring prior to and during the reporting phase of clinical trials. A commercially available software package, Project Manager Workbench, was evaluated by ICI Pharmaceuticals to help alleviate these problems through improved planning and progress monitoring


This work the combined electrical and thermal stresses of the 154 kV XLPE power cable used in the underground power transmission in Turkey. The dependence of aging on electrical and thermal stresses is given by a straight line in a certain range of electric field (E) values which indicates that the aging is a thermochemical process. Furthermore, cable tests are conducted in oil, and the results are valid for immersed insulation but might not be completely representative of XLPE used in service in a "dry" environment. Therefore, each cable insulator has to be tested and the parameters must be determined for each cable separately.


Financial resources HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are disseminated throughout Nigeria via the countrys highly developed deeply-rooted commercial-sexual-trucking transport system. Long-distance truck drivers may generally range from 20 to 60 years of age and tend to be on the road an average 9 days and 8 nights per excursion. These men require both food and shelter for the duration of their travels. Accordingly lorry parks and roadside stops have developed to meet their needs. At these sites men both approach and are approached by young women who may generally average between 15-22 years of age. Of issue are the purchase of womens material and sexual wares by the relatively high-wage earning drivers. While long-distance drivers may have an average annual income of US$1500 market girls/women may net only US$50 annually from selling their foodstuffs and assorted commodities. Drivers and their passengers supplement females incomes in return for sex companionship and below-market food and accommodation. Driver-woman relationships may be semipermanent/polygynous infrequent and commercial or a combination of the 2. Either way these relationships reduce the cost and loneliness of longterm road travel and provide needed income to both market women and interior regions of the country. Drivers wives and drivers other sex partners may generally be aware of HIV and other STDs yet relatively few opt to employ condoms. The present network therefore serves as a major route of both disease transmission and income distribution. It is this latter function of the system combined with the systems entrenchment within Nigerias cultural fabric which will most significantly threaten the viability and effectiveness of interventions to prevent or reduce the spread of STDs in the country. Based on surveys and interviews this paper reports on system dynamics among long-distance haulage drivers and itinerant female hawkers in lorry parks and truck and bus stops in Ibadan.


In the modern age, as the demands increase, it gets harder for women to work without being stressed. The focus of this research is on the stress and burnout among working women in private and public sector. The word stress generally represents the feeling when one is stuck with a problem that is unable to handle. Employee feel suffocated and start feeling pressured by that problem. So, stress can be defined as a threat or a challenge to one's well-being. There are various types of stress. Job stress leads to job burnout. Job burnout can be defined as when one is unsure of one's ability to perform in their job, keeping in view the value of their job cynically. The key dimensions of job burnout are: cynicism, exhaustion and personal accomplishment/ performance. This is going to be a qualitative research. Interviews will be conducted in order to collect information. Open ended questions related to stress and job burnout among women will be facilitated.BurnoutDuring the mid-1970s burnout was introduced by Herbert Freudenberger. Burnout is defined as long-term exposure to chronic job stress resulting in emotional exhaustion (Freudenberger, 1974; Maslach & Jackson, 1981). In the research conducted in the years 1998 and 1999, the focus was mainly on the health factor among women. Various surveys were conducted to find out the vital stress factors and job burnout factors. Guglielmi and Tatrow (1998) in their research, emphasized that organizational climate had a major impact on increased job burnout rate, mainly in female teachers. Whereas, Bischoff, DeTienne, and Quick's (1999) main focus was to find out which factors affect the mental health of the female employees of both private and public sectors the most. It was evident from the studies that office politics and task conflicts were major stressors that increased job burnout rate. The gaps of the researches in these years were that, they only focused on a single set of female employees such as teachers, doctors or industry workers rather than conducting a survey to finding out the main stress factors faced by female employees regardless of their fields.Models of BurnoutAs a part of this suggestion, researchers implied that a comprehensive theory of burnout had yet to be developed. Indeed, a main focus in this research was the recognition of the need for theoretical models of burnout that would help to join together the research with reference to burnout. Since that time, there has been much greater attention given to both the development and testing of models of burnout (Cordes & Dougherty, 1993; Lee & Ashforth, 1993; Leiter, 1993; Maslach, 1993).In the years 2004-06, the research shifted to organizational variables such as conflicts, unfavorable work environment, blocked career and work overload. The research explained that the organizational climate measures of Clarity, Work Pressure and the Work Stressors Index, posed major differences. Kalbers and Fogarty (2005) proposed a study that focused mainly on attaining evidence of the job burnout tendencies of accounting professionals. Hakanen, Bakker, and Schaufeli (2006) presented a Job Demands-Resources Model focusing on teachers. This consisted of two phases from work-related well-being among members of staff, namely energetically process (job demands) and a motivational process (job resources), linked hypothetically. The study concluded that the job demand was more prominent among the two processes. Goddard, O'Brien, and Goddard (2006) later focused on burnouts in elements of school environment. Ramarajan and Barsade (2006) elaborated in their work that the impact of job demands, trait and organizational respect negative affectivity on stress and burnout had been observed in the human services field as the longitudinal field study. The gap of these researches was that they conducted surveyed or emphasized on only by focusing on a single institute rather than covering a wider area.Three Dimensional Models (TDM). …


This review assesses the capabilities of the technology of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) as tools for increasing the presence of archaeology in our digital society. Instead of focusing on the academic value of the content of these courses, I explore their usefulness as promoters of rigorous archaeological practices and ethics, as well as the protection and preservation of cultural heritage. After enrolling as a student in six MOOCs, I have analyzed whether these courses successfully provided students with an informed and critical understanding of the field, as well as creating networks of advocates that can share this knowledge across their communities.


Review(s) of: Jacaranda at Las (7th Edition) + Jacaranda My World Atlas, Published by John Wiley and Sons, Australia ISBN 978-1-74246-126-7, Hardback, 344 pages, Cost: $67.95.


A total of 2304 lithic artifacts were collected and analyzed during the 7984 field season of the Proyecto Prehistorico Arenal. A large number of boiling stones, both fragmentary and complete, were found, surprising for a pottery-making society. A core-flake Industry ,:",as pre~l!mlnant in chipped I stone tool manufacture, followed by blfacial manufacture of celts and knives. The core-flake industry developed early, and remained largely unchanged during the prehistoric occupation of the cordillera. Only a few categories of chipped stone implements were found to be sensitive temporal indicators. Deportment of Anthropology University of Colorado


In the wake of the Edward Snowden intelligence disclosures, governments around the world are now considering enacting so-called "data localization" laws, rules that limit the storage, movement, and/or processing of digital data to specific geographies, jurisdictions, and companies. This paper analyzes the complex – and often overlooked – motivations behind the data localization movement, explains how localization policies (in all their various permutations) fail to achieve their stated goals, and highlights some of the many harms localization can cause. Recommendations are provided for U.S. business leaders and policymakers seeking to counter this problematic trend.


A regularization method is proposed for the function reconstruction from approximate average fluxes. Such problems often occur in environmental science and mathematical statistics. The unique solvability of the method is proved and a number of conditions are given to characterize the solution. The error estimates are established after the introduction of some interpolation operators. A series of numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and computational performance of the method. Some ideas for the choice of the regularization parameter are also suggested by the computational experience.


First, different from others, Wen Yiduo began his research on Tang poetry with hypothetical" narrative",then collated and stipulated the chronological life of the poets and compiled their record of company and their works,which contributed not only to the development of chronology but also to the rectification and discrimination of the Tang poetry so as to lay the foundation for him to write objective and accurate critical
biography of the Tang poets.This collating train of thought--from abstract hypothesis to objective analysis,and
finally to objective comprehension--goes through Wen Yiduo's scholarship.Second,what follows Wen Yiduo's
retification of the Tang poetry is his research on the works of the Tang scholars and the Tang history, he compiled A Contemporary Catalogue of the Works by the Tang People and Brief Survey of Hooks for Studying the Tang Dynasty .Both books are characterized with precise and appropriate examples, and the fact that Wen Yi duo carried out rectification and collation of the cultural heritage through compiling catalogues displays his judicious judgement. This collating train of thought provides a creative mode of thinking for the development of bibliography


Published in the midst of a presidential campaign and numerous governmentsponsored activities celebrating the centenary of the founding of the Republic of China, Generation of Collapse: Crises of Capital Monopoly, Poverty, and the Lowest Fertility in Taiwanwarns of social and economic challenges in the years to come.Here is a reality in sharp contrast with what the government attempts to present via mass media. Offering abundant statistics and insightful arguments, the authors convey a message that appears to resonate strongly with how the general public feels. Unsurprisingly, therefore, it quickly became a national best seller and won a well-deserved Golden Tripod Award (Jin Ding Jiang金鼎獎), awarded by Taiwan's Ministry of Culture. This book discusses two of Taiwan's major social issues: globalization and neoliberalism. Though written for a general audience, it also attempts to engage with the scholarly literature on the causes and consequences of globalization. Previous research has addressed theways inwhich the unprecedented scale, speed, and intensity of global connections have significantly broadened the scope for international interactions, posing questions about the role of the state. Some authors have argued that the tide of globalization is overwhelming and cannot be resisted by protectionist state policies, whether their goal is the national interest or the preservation of local culture; other authors reject the idea that there is a unified global market for trade and investment. Paul Hirst, Grahame Thompson, and SimonBromley (1996), for instance,


Designing a unique experience in a concept store. Concept stores in Italy: how the three best cases deliver the experience. The shopping experience: an empirical analysis.


Summary Drug treatments are commonly used for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's disease, although none have a specific licence for this indication. This month's Cochrane review assessed the available evidence of benefit or harm in the use of these medications. The review identified two studies of melatonin, which did not show significant improvement in sleep over placebo. One study of trazodone suggested a beneficial effect on sleep, but its small sample size limits the generalisability of the results. Larger studies are needed, with careful assessment of the evidence for possible improvements in sleep but also of important side-effects such as falls and increased confusion.


While FQS 1(3) provided a first overview over qualitative archiving, data protection, and secondary analysis, FQS 6(1) indicates the important progress in the field of secondary analyses that has occurred between 2000 and 2005; it also highlights the necessity for further discussion. This especially concerns the endeavor to launch qualitative data and resource centers, partly organized nationally but interlinked internationally. The contributions presented in the current issue originate in a workshop held in Neuchâtel, which aimed to promote qualitative research in Switzerland and was organized by the Social Science Policy Council—a committee of the Swiss Academy for Humanities and Social Sciences—in cooperation with the Swiss Information and Data Archive Service for the Social Sciences. From the perspective of the Swiss colleagues, one important goal was "to build a network among qualitative researchers, to facilitate a consensus on quality standards and teaching requirements, and to explore the viability of an archive and resource center for qualitative research" (EBERLE & BERGMAN 2005, Paragraph 1). Although contributors were limited to major European institutions, their reports are not only interesting to researchers within Europe. The relevance of sharing our experiences about "The Why and How of Qualitative Methods" and "The Why and How of Archiving Qualitative Data" was the reason for the FQS editorial team to publish the texts, although already available as a print version, to make them accessible for all colleagues worldwide, interested in organizing (collaborative) resource centers. [2]


The minimization of autoignition risk is critical to premixer design. Safety factors based on ignition delays of homogeneous mixtures, are generally used to guide the choice of a residence time for a given premixer. However, autoignition chemistry at aeroderivative conditions is fast (0.5-2 milliseconds) and can be initiated within typical premixer residence times. The analysis of what takes place in this short period involves the study of low-temperature precursor chemistry. By coupling the evolution of the Chemical Explosive Modes to turbulence, it is possible to obtain a measure of spatial autoignition risk where both chemical (e.g. ignition delay) and aerodynamic (e.g. local residence time) influences are unified.
 In this article, we describe a method that couples Large Eddy Simulation to newly developed, reduced autoignition chemical kinetics to study autoignition precursors in an example premixer representative of real life geometric complexity. A blend of pure methane and dimethyl ether (DME), a common fuel used for experimental autoignition studies, was transported using the reduced mechanism (38 species / 238 reactions) at engine conditions at increasing levels of DME concentration until exothermic autoignition kernels were formed. The Chemical Explosive Mode analysis closely follows the large thermochemical changes in the premixer as a function of DME concentration and identifies where the premixer is sensitive and flame anchoring is likely to occur.


1. Most glaciers in the Himalayan region are retreating due to accelerated global warming during the last century causing long-term loss of natural freshwater storage 2–4 . In contrast, a decrease in summer run-off by 20% in the Hunza and Shyock rivers in the Karakoram and Hindukush mountains was linked to 1°C fall in mean summer temperature since 1961. This was also related with the observed thickening and expansion of the Karakoram glacier (western Himalaya), in contrast to widespread decay and retreat of glaciers in the eastern Himalaya 5 . The contrasting response of the glaciers to climate change in the Zanskar valley, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India has been evaluated in a few studies 6–9


In 603 A.D., Prince Shoto Kutaishi conducted a reform movement in Japan. Prince Shoto Kutaishi was a crucial character in this period. His reform promoted the development and localization of Buddhism in Japan. It was the golden age of Buddhism in Japan. Another crucial thing in Shoto Kutaishis reform was recovered the community between Japan and China. The purpose of community was exchanged Buddhist teachings and import mainland culture to Japan. However, in more than twenty years after the death of Prince Shotoku, Japan began the massive Taika Era Reforms. This paper sorts out the historical process of Prince Shotokus reform. This study argues that Prince Shotoku implemented the reform in order to maintain the rule of the emperor and to promote centralization of power.


portable instruments can be convenient, vivid usage in the field of production, scientific research ect. Especially for open country data collect. This instrument depends on DSP, CPLD and virtue instrument. It has many merits, for example, small bulk, lightweight, strong currency, trusting performance, ect. This article gives detailed introduction of its implement principle and function.


Random mutagenesis at designated sites of the l-asparaginase EcAIII was combined with crystal structure analysis and AlphaFold2 predictions to dissect the enzyme-maturation and catalytic processes.


Antigens of Micropolyspora faeni were located by immunofluorescence in apparent association with alveolar macrophages within sections of lung from cases of bovine interstitial pneumonia. Pretreatment of frozen sections with pH 2.8 glycine-HC1 buffer was a necessary prerequisite for specific staining. Bovine immunoglobulin and bovine complement were identified in similar locations.


triiodothyronine of 4.3 nmol/litre (normal range 08-2.8) and a suppressed thyrotropin (TSH) of <05 milliunits/litre (normal range 0.5-5). A 20 min thyroidal uptake of 99mTc was elevated at 4.7 per cent dose(norma1 < 3). Thyroid scanning showed increased uptake on the left side of the neck. Serum thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins' were 32.7 (normal <25). Antithyroid antibodies by the Thymune T and Thymune M kits (Wellcome) showed weakly positive antithyroglobulin antibodies at a titre of 1/80 and antimicrosomal antibodies at a titre of 1/400. A therapeutic dose of 400 MBq 1311 was given on 10.1.1986 and her clinical condition improved thereafter.


This thesis deals with the transportation and distribution of the load due to security of dangerous substances with the use of road transport. It describes the current state of the topic, the types of dangerous goods, legislation, types of bodies and packaging of dangerous goods and, last but not least, the effect on the stability of the vehicle.


Today, inflation takes one of the leading places among the factors that give rise to social and economic destabilization. The purpose of the study is to determine the nature of inflation and its impact on the real sector of the economy, as well as factors that it generates in the process of distributing and redistributing financial resources and justifying measures to offset the negative effects of inflationary impact on the Ukrainian economy. The authors used the following methods of research: systematic approach, theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge. The essence of inflation and its influence on the real sector of economy are investigated. The factors that generate inflation during the distribution and redistribution of financial resources are indicated: political and social factors contributing to anticipating inflationary expectations, which accumulates inflationary potential; the institutional support of economic development is to assume stabilization of inflation through the mechanism of managing the money supply; factors of inflation reflections, capable of generating further unmanaged negative behavior of economic agents, which can be disclosed through the concept of "inflation of the conflict"; inflationary expectations require the implementation of monetary policy of the state.


Modern trends in the development of IT sector pay special attention to reducing unproductive expenses of IT projects. One way to reduce these costs is to maximally accurately identify the content of an IT project during its initiation and planning [1]. Solving this task is typically considered as part of the work to build and analyze the requirements of rightsholders to the created system [2]. A modern paradigm for describing and modeling system requirements is based on the publication of the requirements in the form of scripts to perform certain activities. An example of the implementation of a given paradigm using visual models of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a model of the requirement provided by Microsoft Corporation [3]. However, the application of a given paradigm is complicated when solving the tasks on a system requirements analysis. Using a scenario approach to the description and publication of requirements is seriously complicated while defining the boundaries for a created or upgraded system. In addition, the use of UML, and, in particular, the Use Case diagrams for the description of scenarios for meeting the requirements by rightsholders requires the development of special models, methods, and information technologies to formalize and automate the work on a requirements analysis. Running an analysis of scenarios for meeting the requirements by rightsholders manually inevitably causes a high risk of error going undetected. These errors can be caused by an incorrect definition of the scenarios for implementing individual requirements of rightsholders, as well as synthesis of the descriptions of the system architecture without aligning the descriptions of scenarios for implementing individual requirements to the functions of a given system. The base method for scenario analysis of the rightsholders' requirements to a system was considered in [4] as a sequence of the following stages. Stage 1. Selection of a base scenario for a functional requirement, which describes activities of the system that occur most frequently regardless of the type of a request by an actor and the conditions for implementing these queries. Stage 2. Description of relationships among requirements based on the Use Case diagrams. IMPROVEMENT OF THE METHOD OF SCENARIO ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS TO AN INFORMATION SYSTEM


The author presents the results of work on the development of the National Classification System of Russia – Library and Bibliographic Classification done during the first decade of the XXI century: the publications are listed, the methodical provision of using tables in the libraries is given. Characterized are the tasks facing the team of developers in future.


Connecting cables together to form a cable net could mitigate cable vibration. However, because most of the studies and practices use secondary cables as cross‐ties, little attention has been paid on the connection by dampers. In this paper, a system of two parallel taut cables with an interconnected damper is proposed to mitigate cable vibration. The characteristic equation of the system is derived by applying the transfer matrix method. The analytical special limit solutions, which are corresponding to special kinds of vibration mode, are given for the case when the parameter of the system tends to specific limiting values. Analytical solutions to twin taut cable system, two taut cables with different mass–tension ratios, whereas other cable parameters are the same were also discussed. Parameter studies were further addressed to study effects of cable length ratio and frequency ratio on the third and fourth mode behaviors for two cables system. Different solution regimes with different kinds of modes are discussed as damper interconnected at arbitrary point of cables. Multimode damping optimization method was proposed with the concept of maximizing the average of damping ratio while minimizing the variation for the considered multimodes. The case study for two length cables of a harp system was carried out. It was found that connecting two cables with a properly designed damper could significantly increase multimode damping ratio while slightly increase vibration frequency.


With goals different from music conservatories,the music education in teachers' colleges should make efforts to strengthen its nature of preparing music teachers,laying emphasis on students' comprehensive abilities and competence for qualified teacher.


The power allocation problem in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based cognitive radio (CR) networks with cooperative relays has been investigated here, where both the interference to primary users (PUs) and the power budget of the CR network are considered. The authors try to maximise the overall throughput of the CR network within the given constraints. The coupling variables in the formulated problem make it hard to solve, so an iterative optimisation scheme to find out the optimal solution with a controllable complexity is developed. First, the original problem is decomposed into two subproblems that can be solved independently. A fast barrier method has been employed to work out the optimal solution to one of the subproblems with a complexity of O ( L 2 N ), where L and N are the number of PUs and subcarriers, respectively. Then, an iterative procedure is developed to solve the other subproblem. Numerical results show that the proposed method can significantly increase the throughput of the CR system, comparing with other representative ones. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm gives a general power optimisation framework for CR networks with cooperative relays.


Knowledge building is the production and continual improvement of ideas of value to a community, which attaches importance to conceptual engagement and contribution. However, knowledge building community will accumulate large and complex semi-structured educational data over time. It is not conducive to the continuation of in-depth knowledge building activities. To overcome these issues, we propose a dynamic educational knowledge graph with information entropy (IE-DEKG) model for knowledge building community. The model can construct dynamic knowledge graphs that contain instructional concepts and educational relations for learners. Specifically, it adopts the mutual information and adjacent information entropy to detect new terminologies on pedagogical data, and then the topic modeling algorithm is utilized to extract instructional concepts. Moreover, the model employs association rule mining to identify the prerequisite relations and uses pattern matching to obtain the inclusion relations. For the sake of satisfying the needs of educational applications and services, we design and implement the dynamic educational knowledge graph system. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed IE-DEKG method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.


A physics trick involving two paper-towel tubes and a yardstick is described.A physics trick involving two paper-towel tubes and a yardstick is described.


Abstract In this preliminary paper we study the stability property of a consensus on the average algorithm in arbitrary directed graphs with respect to communication/sensing time-delays. The proposed algorithm adds a storage variable to the agents' states so that the information about the average of the states is preserved despite the algorithm iterations are performed in an arbitrary strongly connected directed graph. We prove that for any network topology and choice of design parameters the consensus on the average algorithm is stable for sufficiently small delays. We provide simulations and numerical results to estimate the maximum delay allowed by an arbitrary unbalanced directed network topology.


"Legal Ethics is an international and interdisciplinary journal dedicated to the field of legal ethics." The mission statement of this journal poses three concise challenges for scholars in this discipline: To define the domain of legal ethics, to study it from a perspective that is valid across jurisdictional boundaries, and to incorporate the insights of related disciplines. As befits an emerging and exciting field, lawyers and university faculty throughout the Englishspeaking common-law world have begun to engage with all three of these problems. The book reviews section of Legal Ethics has highlighted the publication of many of the most important works to emerge in the past decade. I look forward to continuing this tradition, while continuing to expand the international and interdisciplinary focus of the journal. As an initial editorial act, this brief essay reviews the landscape of legal ethics scholarship in the intersections of multiple jurisdictions and intellectual traditions, and offers some predictions about future developments in the literature.


: The current state of professional education, as well as its patterns and tendencies of growth, are examined in the article. The use of the innovative approach, research into active techniques


Treatment of [σ:η5-(C9H6)C2B9H10]Zr(NMe2)(DME) with 2 equiv of guanidines iPrNHC(NR2)NiPr (R = Me, Et) in refluxing toluene gave unprecedented complexes [η1:σ:η5-{2-[CNiPr(NHiPr)]C9H5}C2B9H10]Zr[η2-(iPrN)2C(NR2)] (R = Me, Et). This communication describes the mechanism by which they are formed. Experimental results show that guanidinates are not inert ligands in the present cases that can undergo C−N bond cleavage to generate amido and carbodiimide that subsequently insert into the Zr−C bond to form the final product via 1,5-sigmatropic shift.


The effects pulse frequency (50–250 Hz), pulse width (1.0–7.0 ls) and polarity (monopolar or bipolar) of
high-intensity pulsed electric field treatments (35 kV cm)1 and 1000 ls) on viscosity and the pectin
methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activities were evaluated using a response surface
methodology. Second-order expressions were accurate enough to fit experimental results. Tomato juice
apparent viscosity increased within the range of the assayed conditions, achieving the highest values at
250 Hz and 7.0 ls in bipolar mode. At the same conditions the lowest residual PME (RAPME = 10%) and
PG (RAPG = 45%) activities were observed in the juice. Apparent viscosity of strawberry juices slightly rose
when frequencies higher than 100 Hz and 1-ls monopolar pulses were applied to the juice. Treatments
causing the greatest increase in strawberry juice apparent viscosity also led to the lowest RAPME (10%) and
RAPG (75%) values. In contrast, viscosity loss was promoted under the rest of assayed HIPEF conditions
despite the low RAPME values (<20%) achieved. Moreover, RAPG did not decrease below 75% throughout
the range of studied conditions.


In this study, two different carbons (synthetic graphite particles and carbon fiber) were added to nylon 6,6, and the resulting composites were tested for thermal conductivity. The first goal of this work was to compare through-plane thermal conductivity results from the guarded-heat-flow method and the transient-plane-source method. The results showed that both test methods gave similar through-plane thermal conductivity results for composites containing 10–40 wt % synthetic graphite and for composites containing 5–40 wt % carbon fiber. The advantages of using the transient-plane-source method were that the in-plane thermal conductivity was also measured and the experimental time was shorter than that of the guarded-heat-flow method. The second goal of this work was to develop and use a detailed finite-element analysis to model heat transfer within a carbon-filled nylon 6,6 composite sample for the transient-plane-source method and compare these results to actual experimental results. The results showed that the finite-element model compared well with the actual experimental data. The finite-element model could be used in the future as a design tool to predict the dynamic thermal response of different composite materials for many applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006


The objectives and implementation of the wide ranging fibre trial at Bishop's Stortford in the UK are described. The valuable output from the key process of evaluation is highlighted, indicating how this is helping to lead to a positive future for fibre deployment in the UK local access network.


A semi-Markov model which views a manpower system globally in the sense that it has single grade only, therefore internal promotions and other aspects are ignored and the interest is centered on the total number of vacancies available in the entire organization. To be specific, a manpower system with a single grade allowing wastages and recruitment is considered. Wastages occur according to a Poisson process. Recruitment is made instantaneously as and when the number of vacancies reaches a level s. At the time of each recruitment, the number of vacancies filled up is a random variable following a binomial distribution with parameters s and p, where p is the probability that a vacancy is filled by recruitment. It is further assumed that the value of p depends on the elapsed time since the last recruitment. Identifying the underlying stochastic process as a Markov-renewal process, the distribution of the vacancy level at any time is obtained and the stationary behavior of the system is discussed in this paper. A numerical example also illustrates the results obtained.


The effect of quench polish quench (QPQ) nitriding temperature on the microstructure and wear resistance of SAF2906 duplex stainless steel was investigated. Results showed the surface of the nitrided samples was composed of an oxidized layer, a loose compound layer, a compact compound layer, and a diffusion layer. The oxidized layer was composed of Fe3O4. The main phases of the loose compound layer were CrN, αN, Fe2–3N, and Fe3O4. The compact compound layer was composed of CrN, αN, and Fe2–3N. In the diffusion layer, CrN and expanded austenite (S) were the main phases. The nitrided layer thickness increased from 20 to 41 μm with an increasing temperature of 570 to 610 °C. When the nitriding temperature was above 590 °C, the precipitates in the diffusion layer became coarsened, and their morphologies gradually changed from spherical particulate to rod-like and flocculent-like. Tribotests showed the cumulative mass loss of QPQ-treated samples was much lower than that of the substrate. The cumulative mass loss of the samples nitrided at 610 °C was higher than that at 570 °C during the first 29 h. When the test time was over 29 h, the former was lower than the latter.


A 3-phase Eulerian approach is used to model the macrosegregation during solidification in direct chill (DC) casting of binary bronze (Cu-Sn). The three phases are the melt, the solidifying columnar dendrites and the equiaxed grains. The thermodynamic information of Cu-Sn is included based on published thermodynamic data, which are coupled with the 3-phase solidification model. The occurrence of columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET), phase interactions, feeding flow, equiaxed sedimentation and their influence on macrosegregation are considered in the model. The model is applied to a laboratory DC casting process of bronze as a benchmark to demonstrate the model potentials. The simulation results of mixed columnar and equiaxed solidification as well as the formation of macrosegregation are presented. The focus of this work is to analyze and discuss the macrosegregation mechanisms by different flow including feeding flow and crystal sedimentation.


In the study presents an approach to the modeling power TWT with stopband sections on the basis of the theory of discrete electron-wave interaction. Designed TWT without the use of equivalent circuits of SWS and with use of local coupling impedance and the characteristic equation of degree four.


The invention relates to a verification method of glue application on open bags or funds sachets.Lors the manufacture of bags or pouches, adhesive applications are checked before the assembly of funds to avoid scrap. To examine glue applications (3) which can not be detected with opto-electronic sensors, the adhesive is applied to the funds at a temperature which deviates from the temperature of funds material. The adhesive application pattern is scanned by an image pickup camera by heat radiation (4), and the signals are evaluated in a computer (5) .L'invention is applicable particularly in the field of the manufacture of bags or bags.


uring the China-Celac Forum, held at the beginning of last year, China announced its intention to increase its investment stock in Latin America to 250 billion USD within the next ten years and to attain an annual trade flow of 500 billion USD during the same period. China also outlined the building of a "1+3+6" cooperation framework with Latin America. "1" would refer to one plan, "3" to the three engines of trade, investment and financial cooperation and "6" to six fields of industry connections to be strengthened as priorities between China and Latin America (notably energy and resources, construction of infrastructures, agriculture, manufacturing, scientific and technological innovations and information technologies).


A tetracosapeptide (11) incorporating the amino acid residues 1–24 of β-corticotropin has been synthesized. This peptide was held responsible for the ACTH-activity in acid hydrolysates of porcine β-corticotropin, but was never isolated therefrom. The synthesis was made possible by using Ne -t-butoxycarbonyl-L-lysine and γ-t-butyl-L-glutamate as intermediates. A number of other key-intermediates were prepared as their p-phenylazo-benzyloxy-carbonyl derivatives, the colour facilitating purification. As in the preparation of an analogous nonadecapeptide, the last condensation involved a crystalline derivative of the decapeptide sequence 1–10. Removal of all protecting groups in the last step (t-butoxy-carbonyl- and t-butoxy-) was effected in quantitative yield by dissolution in trifluoroacetic acid.


Cold atmospheric pressure micro-plasmas, are non equilibrium plasmas with widely different electron (~6000 K) and ion temperatures (~300 K) [1]. Unlike low pressure plasmas, which require expensive vacuum systems for plasma generation, and magnetic field for confinement, these plasmas can be produced rather inexpensively in the atmosphere. Consequently, these plasmas possess high electron densities ~10 m, and the typical plasma frequency lies in the GHz range and the Debye length is in ∼ μm. The coupling parameter which dictates the ratio between the mean Coulomb interaction energy to kinetic energy is relatively large (∼ 10), as compared to conventional low-pressure plasmas (∼ 10). Besides, the interaction of the charged particles with the ambient air, gives rise to a rich gaseous chemistry leading to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) such as OH, HO2, H2O2, including NO and N2O5 and radiation such as UV photons [2]. Moreover, the lower gas temperatures provide a conducive environment for interaction with biological cells and tissues. The RONS are critical for many biomedical applications such as sterilization [3], blood coagulation [4], faster healing of wounds [5], and in cancer therapy [6,7,8]. A recent work showed that APPJ interaction with a target depends upon target surface conductivity and permittivity that decides effective surface irradiation area [9]. An atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet (APPJ) is the most commonly used device for such application. However, without proper understanding of APPJ physics, it is impossible to optimize the plasma for every application requirement. Currently, most of the efforts are based upon hit and trial. For example, an important problem is to determine the dependance of RONS production on experimental parameters such as applied voltage, discharge waveform and gas flow rates. Another important aspect is the plasma potential fluctuations which can lead to particle and energy transport, and thereby affect RONS and radiation generation. In this work we investigate plasma potential fluctuations and the effect of a transverse magnetic field in an atmospheric pressure micro-plasma jet, where strong field effects are expected. A future aim would be to look at the effect of potential fluctuations and magnetic field on RONS and radiation generation. In experiments where control parameters such as the applied voltage, gas flow rate or gas mixing ratio are varied, plasma floating potential fluctuations grow in the APPJ and attain enhanced levels at certain magnitudes of these parameters, before decreasing. Such fluctuations are expected to influence the electron energy distribution function and the different plasma process rates. When the applied voltage is varied at a fixed gas flow rate of 1 l/m, the fluctuations reached a maximum at ~11 kV, and thereafter decrease at further higher voltages. The maximum fluctuation levels are associated with intense ionization taking place in the jet. When the gas flow rate is increased at a fixed applied voltage (14 kV), the fluctuations get enhanced for flow rates beyond 2 l/min, due to transition to turbulent flow occurring at a buoyancy induced Reynolds number of ∼474. In case of gas mixing (Ar and He), increase in the concentration of Ar and reduction of He at a fixed applied power (80.6 W) and flow rate (1 l/min), give rise to higher level of fluctuations, this is considered to be due to lower thermal conductivity and ionization potential of Ar leading to gas heating, and ponderomotive force giving rise to filamentation. We are currently investigating the mechanisms of these higher levels of fluctuations, and also looking at the spatial asymmetry and fluctuations in electric field in the APPJ. Strong magnetic fields (≥ 0.4 T) can significantly affect the physics of the plasma jets and reaction mechanisms. It is found to give rise to Zeeman splitting of the emission lines leading to further broadening, which may influence the plasma density determined from Stark broadening. Strong magnetic fields can lead to intense interactions in the APPJ, as the plasma gets magnetized. The collisionally broadened ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) is expected, when the applied frequency becomes equal to the cyclotron frequency of ionic species of RONS such as OH, N2 in the discharge. It is found that ICR may lead to decrease in the emission intensity of important emission lines e.g. N2 (391.4 nm) and OH (308 nm) radicals.


Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an allergic lung disease related to repeated inhalation of a variety of etiologic agents, many of which have been reported in certain occupations and hobbies, but also in the home environment [2,3]. A 40-year-old woman, a smoker and homemaker, was seen in the emergency room with a history of progressive dyspnea and cough lasting 10 days. The physical examination revealed bilateral crackles. Blood tests showed leukocytosis and hypoxemia. Chest X-ray revealed interstitial infi ltrates. She showed a marked improvement within a few days of hospital admission. After discharge home, she returned to the hospital within 24 hours with a similar clinical picture. High-resolution computed tomography scanning (HRCT) showed bilateral diffuse micronodular infiltrates. Spirometry revealed a forced vital capacity (FVC) 61 % of predicted, a forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) 42 % of predicted, and a FEV 1 /FVC ratio of 59 %. Lung diffusion capacity (single breath carbon monoxide transfer factor) was 76.2 % of predicted uncorrected but was normal when corrected for alveolar volume. The bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid revealed lymphocytosis with a CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.1. A transbronchial lung biopsy sample showed interstitial pneumonitis and non-necrotizing microgranulomas. Precipitating antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus were detected in the patient's serum. She reported that her bathroom was being refurbished because of plumbing problems. A walk-through visit to her house revealed evident water damage and visible mold growing. Cultures of the indoor air obtained by placing agar plates in the house grew mainly A fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Environmental sampling was performed using a volumetric air sampler and airborne particles were collected onto polytetrafl uoroethylene fi lters [3]. A 39-year-old man, a nonsmoker and waiter, had suffered from dyspnea, cough, fever, and weight loss for the last month. Physical examination revealed bilateral crackles. Blood test showed leukocytosis and hypoxemia. Chest X-ray revealed interstitial infi ltrates. Clinical and radiological signs disappeared within 24 hours. After discharge home, he returned with similar symptoms several hours later. Chest HRCT showed bilateral micronodular infi ltrates and patchy ground-glass opacities. Pulmonary function tests and diffusion capacity were normal. Lymphocytosis and a reduced CD4/CD8 ratio (0.2) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fl uid were observed. Lung biopsy revealed a diffuse interstitial infi ltrate comprised of T-lymphocytes and microgranulomas. Precipitating antibodies to A fumigatus were detected. The patient reported that the rental apartment where he lived had water leakage and dampness. Neither of these subjects kept pets at home or had hobbies or jobs with exposure to suspected antigens. Serologic tests to common respiratory pathogens were negative. Both patients remained symptom free after moving to a different dwelling or remodeling the house. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition studies of immunoglobulin (Ig) G response to A fumigatus showed dose-dependent inhibition with the mold extract and with the extract obtained from the air samples collected at home (fi gure). A diagnosis of HP is made by a combination of clinical, radiological, physiological, and immunological studies. The results of the investigations carried out in our patients indicated that they had developed HP caused by indoor molds (Aspergillus species). Exposure to specifi c domestic indoor fungal spores is considered an unlikely cause of HP [4] except in Japan where summer-type HP caused by home contamination of Trichosporon species is common. In our patients, however, the natural challenge during re-exposure at home, as well as the response to avoidance of exposure strongly suggested that the domestic environment was the cause of HP. Demonstration of precipitating antibodies to A fumigatus, as well as the dose-dependent inhibition of the IgG to this mold with an


We present a unified approach for geometric and physical modeling using implicit functions, for application to graphics and animation. This method extends previously proposed techniques, and allows the standard finite element method to be directly combined with geometric modeling, resulting in quick calculation of an object's mass and stiffness matrices, and its vibration modes and frequencies. Because the approach is based on an implicitfunction representation, it allows very fast collision detection and characterization. Examples of complex physical and geometric modeling are presented.


As a means of financing, the scope of asset securitization that had been applied should be very extensive. But Polyclinic Asset Securitization as a means of financing is very rare in china. At present, the fund of polyclinic is insufficient. On a certain extent, the development of the medical and health care had been hindered. In order to raise medical funds through multiple channels, Asset Securitization of Polyclinic will be applied in China's asset securitization financing. That will be play an important role on the development of China's medical and health.


Representations of the unitary group U (n) symmetry adapted to the subgroup sequences U (n) U(nj)U(in) U (inj) are considered using double coset decomposition. The matrix elements of the double coset representatives are related to identical coefficients developed


Abstract Liver is susceptible to oxidative stress and inflammation. The effect of metformin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated liver malfunction was investigated. Rats were grouped into (1) control, (2) LPS, (3–5) LPS as well as 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of metformin for 5 weeks. LPS increased liver enzymes, IL-6, and malondialdehyde (MDA) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001) whereas metformin reduced them (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). LPS decreased total protein, albumin, total thiol, SOD and CAT (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), and metformin attenuated the effect of LPS (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The protective effect of metformin is probably mediated via suppression of inflammation and improvement of oxidative stress status.


objective To discuss the relationship of Hp infection and gastric pathological changes of different age groups,trying to provide basis for further consummation of radical cure scheme of Hp.Method The 2307 volunteers were assigned to the young group and the older age-group,then the relationship of Hp infection and different gastric pathological changes of the same group and different age groups.Result Close correlation exited in different gastric pathological changes and Hp infection in young group and in old age-group close correlation exited in different gastric ulcer and Hp infection. Conclusion All the gastric ulcer patient should accept radical cure of Hp.And for other gastric mucosal lesion,radical cure of Hp was more significant for the youth,and the middle age.


Group communication was one of the first areas in communication to be studied using structuration theory (ST; Poole, Seibold, & McPhee, 1985). The small group of three of more members is a natural choice, because it is an archetypal locus of structuration, the simplest unit sufficiently complex for social differentiation and for ensuring the reproduction of structures over time and space. Hence, Poole (1997) argued that the small group should be the fundamental unit for communication research. Through the lens of ST, a group is constituted through its practices such as decision making, socialization, and work. Due to the duality of structure, this also involves the constitution of the group and of the members of the group as agents. Because of its reach, ST has served as the foundation for a multiple lines of research on group communication, several of which will be covered in this brief review. After reviewing the span of ST in group communication scholarship, we will turn to common themes and promising directions in this growing area.


The elastic and thermoelastic constants were determined from ultrasonic resonance frequencies of thick plates and from temperature-induced shifts of resonance frequencies. For NaNO 3 and AgNO 3 the pressure-derivatives have also been measured


We studythe problem of decayrate for the solutions of the initial–boundaryvalue problem to the wave equation, governed bylocalized nonlinear dissipation and without anyassumption on the dynamics (i.e., the control geometric condition is not satisfied). We treat separately the autonomous and the non-autonomous cases. Providing regular initial data, without any assumption on an observation subdomain, we prove that the energydecay s at last, as fast as the logarithm of time. Our result is a generalization of Lebeau (in: A. Boutet de Monvel, V. Marchenko (Eds.), Algebraic and Geometric Methods in Mathematical Physics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1996, pp. 73) result in the autonomous case and Nakao (Adv. Math. Sci. Appl. 7 (1) (1997) 317) work in the non-autonomous case. In order to prove that result we use a new method based on the Fourier–Bross–Iaglintzer (FBI) transform.


This paper analyses the properties of a computational model of multi-party competition in two and three policy dimensions. We present four substantive results: Firstly, centrifugal incentives prevent rational parties from moving to the mean of voters' preference distributions. Secondly, the number of parties competing for votes and the inclination to abstain from voting are positively related to parties' optimum distance to the political centre. Thirdly, the number of parties in the political arena also increases both the distance between parties' location in the policy space and the inter-temporal volatility of their platforms. Finally, assuming that voters rely on past observations of partisan positioning behaviour in order to assess the credibility of parties, this memory of a party's record is positively related to both the distances between partisan platforms and their deviation from the mean of voters' preferences but has a dampening effect for platform volatility.


the editor has modernized spelling and punctuation, capitalization, accents, contractions, and has fleshed out abbreviations. At the end of the introduction is a useful bibliography of primary sources of critics or historians of theatre dealing with references to Lope and/or Arte nuevo, secondary works on Lope and his times, as well as studies on the Arte nuevo, capped by a bibliography of editions (111-127). As is often the case, over time some of the links to online editions are no longer functional, but this is a small quibble with an excellent and useful study and edition.


Filter is widely used in digital signal processing.For the conventional filter has a fixed filter coefficients,optimal filtering can not be achieved in some signal processing system.The design and the software algorithms of the adaptive filter is realized.The filter has been tested and adopted in DSP.Experiments show that the realization method of the filter is simple.This filter doesn′t rely on model,and has strong stability.


Novelty search has become a popular technique in different fields such as evolutionary computing, classical AI planning, and deep reinforcement learning. Searching for novelty instead of, or in addition to, directly maximizing the search objective, aims at avoiding dead ends and local minima, and overall improving exploration. We propose and test the integration of novelty into Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), a state-of-the-art framework for online RL planning, by linearly combining value estimates with novelty scores during the selection phase of MCTS. Three different novelty measures are adapted from the literature, integrated into MCTS, and tested in four different board games. The initial results are promising and point towards potential for novelty as "online generalization for uncertainty" in more challenging search settings.


The article describes the main characteristics of the discourse approach in the system of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language and the main components of the Ukrainian-language medical scientific-academic discourse as a basis for selecting the content of language education of foreign medical students of Ukrainian universities. By participating in the Ukrainian-language medical discourse, foreign medical students gain professional knowledge and the opportunity to become subjects of communicative practices of professional communication with equal professionals and various members of Ukrainian society (patients), to whom the future doctor's professional activity is directed. The author cites the following content components of the system of teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language: communicative roles of the subjects of medical discourse that regulate the communicative needs of foreign students; appropriate communicative intentions and strategies, tactics of realization of these intentions; genre forms of medical discourse; situational and thematic organization; basic communicative units of realization of medical discourse. Linguodidactic interpretation of this kind of medical discourse allowed to formulate partial principles of selection of language and speech materials for teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language.

The characteristics of the essence and components of medical scientific-academic discourse are given in the article, the principles of selection of educational materials for

teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language are singled out are the communicative-linguistic basis of language education of foreign medical students. The linguo-methodical interpretation of the studied phenomenon will help in the selection of language material and the creation of methodological developments and manuals on the Ukrainian language for foreign students; in the choice of teaching methods and techniques necessary for the formation of cognitive-linguistic skills of decoding / coding of a communicative event by instrumentality of a foreign (Ukrainian) language.