ness thrust upon them", that makes Scott's book stand out among the many other studies of the Delphic sanctuary. He discusses Roman and Late Antique Delphi as well as the rediscovery of the sanctuary and its re-establishment as a cultural symbol in the modern world. These periods are generally less well known than the early and "Golden Age" Delphi which flourished in the late Archaic, Classical, and early Hellenistic periods. We know much less of what the oracle actually said in these later years, which is perhaps why the period is often rushed over in order to reach the very last oracle given in the 390s AD. The Imperial centuries however hold much of interest, and Scott shows how they brought a second Golden Age to Delphi – one which benefited the site and the sanctuary as a whole, not just the oracle, which was now subsiding. Augustan ideas about of the role and function of the Amphictyony as a council for all of Greece may have been a misunderstanding, but they put Delphi once again in the center of the world. The sanctuary kept up its religious celebrations while developing a lively tourist industry in its own antiquities. It was a place of cultural memory and history, where even Christian emperors were honored with sculptural monuments. Christian worship at Delphi seems to have become firmly established in the second half of the fifth century. The sanctuary and the surrounding city of Delphi turned into a Christian village, which was thenmore or less abandoned during medieval times. Some 800 years of silence followed before western travelers returned in search of the ancient oracle and Scott closes his bookwith their story, followed by that of the intrigues surrounding the first excavations and the final triumphs of archaeology. The last chapters give a very interesting angle on Delphi's symbolic value for modern western society. Delphi is written in an engaging style for a general audience. Classical archaeologists and ancient historians will certainly also find it useful and enjoyable, although stumbling on minor mistakes such as the translation of Homonoia as Equality instead of Concord. The color plates are good but many of the other, black and white illustrations are poor. All readers will appreciate that throughout the narrative, Scott allows the city of Delphi and the Amphictyony come to the fore, as conscious actors in the history of Delphi, instead of being hidden in the shadow of the Oracle. Refreshingly, this is not a book about the Delphic Oracle, but about the interaction and mutual dependency of the site, the sanctuary and the city.


For any ordinal a there exists a bipartite ordered set P containing no infinite fences such that P has a perfect sequence of length a .


The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of combined heat and power (CHP) using a Stirling engine with a linear generator. The laboratory tests of the CHP system with Stirling Engine were made, a control and measurement system was created, allowing to determine the most important electrical parameters. On the basis of the tests conducted, the obtained power of the linear generator, thermal power and system efficiency were determined. Computer simulations of the built-in control measurement system in the LabViewsoftware were performed and a magnetic flux in a linear generator made in the Finite Elements Method Magnetic program. The study can be used to develop a cheap and easy-to-manufacture a cogeneration system with the Stirling engine and to extend the use of alternative fuels to power the Stirling engine in public utility buildings


Objective To explore the treatment method of fracture of small head of radius.Methods From 2002 to 2006,we had treated 121 cases patients of fracture of small head of redius and used the method of anterior fixation of self-reinforced absorbable screws and gained batter effection.Results 121 cases were followed up 6~12 months,all cases cured,exerllent 103 cases,good 18 cases.Conclusion We think this method possess a lot of strong point.①the operation is simple;② no decay reaction of metals and no interference on project image;③The material of the anterior fixation can be absorbed and avoid the surgical operation again.At the same time,reduce patient's pain and sufferings,reduce the expenses;④ no obvious row difference reaction and infections;⑤relatively quickly.


Thank you for reading planning for economic growth in the soviet union 1918 1932. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this planning for economic growth in the soviet union 1918 1932, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.


The invention provides a preparation method of a phenolic foam. A mixture of paraformaldehyde and liquid formaldehyde is prepared. A mixture 2 is prepared by polymerization reaction of propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and isocyanate with toughening effect. Phenol and an alkali catalyst are added into a reaction kettle. The mixture of perfluoropropane, n-pentane, cyclopentane, and isopropyl chloride is taken as a foaming agent, and the addition amount is 4-7% of the weight of a toughening-modified phenolic resin. The mixture of sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, phosphoric acid and propylene glycol is selected as a curing agent. The mixture of polysiloxane polyoxyethylene allyl ether, polyoxyethylated castor oil, and the propylene glycol are selected as a foam stabilizer, and the addition amount is 4-6% of the weight of the toughening-modified phenolic resin. The phenolic resin foam prepared by the method provided by the invention has the advantages of low heat conductivity coefficient, high percentage of close area, favorable toughness, high oxygen index (up to higher than 50), no cracking, no shedding, no dropping, low smoke and no toxicity.


This paper expounds the procedure of the forming and the evolving of the physiognomy in Yuanmou Earth-Forest Scenic Spot. The foundations of its forming are thick, flat and vertical joint layers with grit, hardpan and claypan. The causes of its forming are the driving up of the lithosphere by the new-conformation, the erosion and the denudation of the outside force. Henceforth, the tendency of its evolvement is from low-hill to remained-hill.


Introduction ix Chapter 1. Nano MRI 1 Chapter 2. Sparse Image Reconstruction 7 Chapter 3. Iterative Thresholding Methods 15 Chapter 4. Hyperparameter Selection Using the SURE Criterion 43 Chapter 5. Monte Carlo Approach: Gibbs Sampling 53 Chapter 6. Simulation Study 65 Bibliography 73 Index 77


Flat Minkowski space-time or open submanifolds of it may be sliced by a family of three-dimensional spacelike orbits of three-dimensional subgroups of the Poincare group of Bianchi types I, III, V, VIIo, and VIIh;o'o and thus be made to appear as a spatially homogeneous Bianchi-type cosmological model. I Timelike congruences that are spatially homogeneous with respect to any of the non-Abelian groups of this list (all but type I) are in general rotating congruences: they have nonzero vorticity. No one would correctly call Minkowski space-time a rotating cosmology because of this fact, yet articles in the literature continue to do exactly this in similar circumstances. Rotation in cosmology can refer to one of two distinct notions that are often related. Either ( 1 ) the space-time possesses an intrinsically defined timelike congruence with nonzero vorticity,2 or (2) a natural slicing exists in terms of which an orthonormal basis of eigenvectors of the extrinsic curvature necessarily rotates as one moves along the congruence normal to the slicing. The first idea is relevant to stationary space-times where rotation is usually first met in studying relativity; unfortunately intuition about this case is often extended to other situations where it is no longer appropriate. Nonstatic stationary space-times possess a Killing vector field that is timelike on an open submanifold of the space-time and has nonzero vorticity, i.e., the corresponding one-form is not hypersurface forming.2 On the other hand, perfect fluid filled space-times whose fluid velocity vector has nonzero vorticity are often justifiably referred to as rotating cosmologies. In both cases the rotation refers to a component of the motion along the congruence of the perpendicular projections of Lie dragged "connecting vectors" associated with the congruence relative to a Fermi-propagated triad of orthonormal vectors spanning the local rest space relative to that congruence (a "nonrotating spatial frame"). 3,4 In the famous Godel solution,5 which originally challenged people's ideas about rotation in relativity, the fluid velocity vector is a timelike Killing vector field, combining both of these possibilities into a single example. The second idea is relevant to space-times where a natural slicing exists, since it refers to quantities defined not by the space-time but by a slicing of the space-time. A "Kasner frame6" could be defined as an orthogonal spatial frame consisting of eigenvectors of the extrinsic curvature relative to a particular slicing. The orthonormal frame obtained by normalizing such a frame (a unit Kasner frame) can then be compared to an orthonormal spatial frame that is Fermipropagated along the congruence of unit normals to the slicing. If the unit Kasner frame rotates relative to the nonrotating spatial frame and is unique (nondegenerate eigenvalues), the slicing might be called a rotating slicing of the space-time. When the eigenvalues of the extrinsic curvature are degenerate, one may freeze out the rotational freedom in the eigenvectors due to this degeneracy by minimizing the square of the angular velocity vector, which describes the rotation. If the rotation is still nonzero, the term rotating slicing may again be used. Like rotating congruences, all space-times have such rotating slicings; for this to be significant the rotating slicing must be intrinsically defined by the space-time. Probably the best candidate for such a slicing is one for which the trace of the extrinsic curvature (Tr K), also called the mean extrinsic curvature, is constant on each slice.714 Such a slicing is referred to as a constant mean curvature slicing or a "Tr K = const" slicing, and in the case of vanishing mean curvature, a maximal slicing, and is a choice preferred by the simplifications that occur both in the initial value problem15 and in geometric coordinate conditions. 16,17 A space-time with a synchronous spacelike singularity also has a unique slicing associated with the maximum lifetime function. 18.19 For a nonstatic, stationary, axially symmetric spacetime, an example of which is the Kerr rotating black hole,20 a unique maximal slicing21 exists consisting of the hypersurfaces orthogonal to the congruence of locally nonrotating observers.20-23 Some thought shows that this slicing is a rotating slicing, suggesting that the idea of describing rotation of a space-time by an intrinsically defined slicing rather than a congruence is not unreasonable. Spatially homogeneous space-times have a natural constant mean curvature slicing by the family of spacelike orbits of the homogeneity group. When these space-times have an initial big bang or final big crunch singularity, this slicing coincides with the maximum lifetime slicing. It therefore makes sense to classify spatially homogeneous space-times as rotating or nonrotating according to the second sense using the natural slicing. Such a space-time is rotating in this sense if one cannot diagonalize (for all time) the matrix of components of the spatial metric with respect to an invariant spatial frame that is comoving with the normal vector field to the natural slicing. This means that in orthogonal spatial


Contents: Preface Introduction Part I: Action for Annulment 1. EU Institutions or Bodies as Defendants 2. Reviewable Acts 3. Locus Standi of Privileged and Semi-Privileged Applicants 4. Locus Standi of Non-Privileged Applicants 5. Legal Interest 6. Time-Limit in Article 230(5) 7. Grounds of Review 8. Effects of Illegality 9. Reform Part II: Failure to Act 10. Parties to the Proceedings 11. Reviewable Failures to Act 12. Procedure: Article 232(2) 13. Locus Standi 14. Grounds of Review 15. Form and Effects of the Judgment Part III: Incidental Review 16. Plea of Illegality 17. Validity Review Part IV: Non-Contractual Liability 18. Attributable Act 19. Liability for Attributable Acts Part V: Interim Relief 20. Scope of Application of Articles 242 and 243 21. Requirements for the Grant of Interim Measures 22. Procedure Conclusion Bibliography


In order to enhance the technique of topographic brain potential mapping, a parallel implementation was developed using TDS and the OCCAM programming language in conjunction with a network of INMOS Transputers. A number of architectures were investigated and finally a network of five transputers were used, with a main interface program running on a B008 processor passing data, measured from 16 locations on the surface of the scalp to three other Trams, fitted with T800 chips on the B008 board. This parallel arrangement of processors executed a 'Four Nearest Neighbours' interpolation algorithm to calculate values for all unknown points in a 128*128 array. Results indicate the time taken to produce the data necessary to draw a screen of 128*128 pixels to be 1.2 seconds. >


Understanding oxygen electrochemistry lies at the heart of enabling many advanced energy storage and conversion technologies such as fuel cells, electrolyzers and metal-air batteries. Aprotic Li-0 2 electrochemistry is receiving much attention in this regard, as the Li-0 2 battery theoretically offers higher energy densities than conventional Li-ion systems at potentially lower cost. This thesis explores the relationship between the energetics of 02 redox processes, and nucleation, growth, and reactivity of Li-O products in Li-02 batteries. Using a combination of rotating disk techniques and first principles calculations, we first assess the influence of 02 and Li' ion solvation on the energetics of 02/02and Li*/Li redox processes. By combining these results with measurements of the redox potential of the Li*-02 reaction intermediate, we show that both the coupling strength and solubility of the Li'-0 complex are rationalized by the combined solvation of Li' and 02 ions, with greater combined solvation increasing solubility but decreasing coupling energy, respectively. We next extend these results to studying the influence of applied potential and Li'-0 solvation on the participation of soluble and solid species during Li202 growth, using the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) methods, respectively. As the applied potential increases, the reaction mechanism for Li2 0 2 formation switches from solution to surface-mediated, with the most likely pathways being Li'-0f disproportionation and 2etransfer to 02, respectively. These insights are applied to understanding nucleation and growth of Li 2 0 2 in Li-02 batteries, using high surface area carbon-based electrodes as model systems. We first report, for the first time, the formation of large ~ 300 nm donut-shaped particles of Li2 0 2 at high applied potentials during Li-02 discharge, and smaller particles (< 50 nm) at lower potentials. The existence of these disparate potential-dependent growth morphologies of Li202 strongly supports the predominance of potential-dependent reaction mechanisms, as hypothesized based on RRDE and EQCM results. We also show, however, that while increasing Li'-02 solvation promotes higher discharge voltages, Li'-02 solvation does not scale with Li20 2 particle size, particularly at low applied potentials. We therefore proposed a classical growth model of Li2 02 particle size based on Li2 0 2 reactivity with the electrolyte and Li2 0 2 supersaturation. Lastly, the influence of aging and electrolyte pKa on discharge product chemistry was explored. Aging electrochemically formed Li202 in a dimethylsulfoxide-based electrolyte promoted its decomposition to LiOH, while LiOH was found to be more likely to form upon discharge with decreasing effective pKa of water in the electrolyte, indicating higher proton availability.


A device for processing color data (R, G, B) of a signal representing an image. The processing device has a mecha nism which, for each color data item, consist of an analog/ digital converter (12, 13, 14) and a buffer memory (MT1, MT2, MT3), a circuit (PT) for processing the digital data output by each buffer memory, and Serializer circuits (SE1, SE2, SE3) which collect the signals output by the processing circuit (PT) and make it possible to generate signals (D1, D2, D3) intended to reproduce the image with a slow-motion effect. According to an improvement of the invention, the 4,677,464 6/1987 Yamaji et al.. control unit includes a mechanism (MO, SE4) for generating 4785.358 11/1988 Ninomiya. a signal (I) making it possible to reproduce the image at 5,734,424 3/1998 Sasaki ..................................... 348/222 normal Speed. The device applies particularly to television FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Studio cameras in the professional Sector.


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to novel crystalline modification (R)-DOPC, which can be applied in pharmaceutical industry. Claimed is novel crystalline form of DOPC and method of its obtaining, as well as its application as component in obtaining medications. Claimed method consists in the fact that crystallisation of (R)-DOPC is carried out in aprotic solvent. EFFECT: claimed crystalline form of DOPC is characterised by improved stability. 14 cl, 5 ex, 2 tbl, 11 dwg


SUMMARY Oil content (percentage) was determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic spectrometry to study its variability in rai (Brassica juncea) and yellow sarson (B. campestris). Wide inter-varietal and intra-varietal variability was observed in both crops. Genetic aspects of oil content were also worked out, and single-plant and bulk selection methods used for 3 years to exploit the intra-varietal variability. A positive trend in the improvement of oil percentage was observed in 27 out of 30 varieties, some of which showed significant improvements over their respective unselected stocks. A maximum increment of 7% was observed in variety BR 40 of rai and 6% in variety YSM of yellow sarson.


This essay is about Greek sculpture of the Archaic and Classical periods but addresses larger issues of method. It argues that iconography, while indispensable, is a limited way to study sculpture. As an alternative, it addresses some of the ways in which Greek sculptural monuments could intervene in landscapes. It examines the connections between statues, stelai, turning posts and boundary stones in the Greek imagination. A secondary goal is to advocate an approach to Greek epigraphy that goes beyond semantics to include the connotative aspects of visual features such as mise en page and the difference between epigraphic and metrical line breaks. Examples include the class of "Man-and-Dog" stelai, the "Mourning Athena" from the Athenian Acropolis, and inscriptions from Athens, Eleusis, Troezen, and elsewhere.


[Objective]To investigate the osteogenesis of a novel bone bioengineering biocomposite by combining nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold with BMSCs after cotransfection with rhBMP-2 and bFGF. [Methods]PrhBMP-2-IRES-bFGF was firstly fabricated and transfected into BMSCs(rhBMP-2-bFGF/BMSCs).Expression of rhBMP-2 and bFGF was identified by immunocytochemistry.The pIRES2-EGFP-rhBMP-2 or pCI-neo-bFGF transfected and untreated BMSCs were served as controls.Then the BMSCs were combined with nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold.Real-time RT-PCR analysis of osteogenic specific genes including collagen I,osteonectin,osteopontin and SEM observation were undertaken.After 7 days,the biocomposites had been transplanted into autologous muscular intervals for 4 weeks and then explanted for radiologic and histologic analyses.[Results]In rhBMP-2-bFGF/BMSCs group,rhBMP-2 and bFGF was positive expressed,expression of osteogenic specific genes was quantatively higher than those in control groups after combination with scaffold,new bone tissue was formed histologically and radiographically(P0.05,n=3).[Conclusion]Double-transfection of rhBMP-2 and bFGF can promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.Noticeable osteogenesis of the biocomposite by combination rhBMP-2 and bFGF transfected BMSCs with nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold has been achieved and will be applied into the large bone defect repair process.


(57) Abstract: useful clean distillate as a jet fuel or jet blending stock, separating the Fischer-Tropsch wax heavy and light fraction, further separating the lighter fraction, the heavy fraction the light fraction portion exceeding about 475 ° F is prepared by hydroisomerization. The isomerized product is blended with light fraction portion of the untreated, to produce a clean jet fuel with high quality.


We are indebted to the late Professor Wingate Todd (1937) and his colleagues for the concept of skeletal maturation as a specific entity in the growth process. It has long been known that hypothyroidism is a potent cause of retardation in the maturation process. Francis (1939) and other authors in the Brush Foundation group have shown that any infection or feeding difficulty may hold back normal progress towards skeletal maturity. It is the purpose of this paper to review the histories of nine skeletally retarded 1-year-old children seen in the Oxford Child Health Survey.


Increasing evidence illustrates that poor eating habits are associated with poor appetite control in combination with poor sleep quality. However, whether specific dietary strategies can improve these outcomes remains unclear. Although energy restriction (ER) higher‐protein (HP) diets improve appetite control and subjective sleep outcomes compared to standard‐protein (SP) versions, less is known with respect to objective measures of sleep quantity and quality.


Three new Q* parameters have been calculated for dimethylamino, amino and tert-butyl substituents, thus completing a set of fifteen substituents for which F, R and Q* are well characterized. The substituent carbon-13 chemical shifts of several aromatic heterocycles have been analyzed using the model Δδ=aF+bR+cQ*+d. The set of fifteen substituents (three variables, natural or coded) has been submitted to two statistical treatments. In the first one, with the Fedorov type exchange algorithms it has been possible to select the most significant substituents. In the second one, the possibility to reduce the number of variables has been considered and rejected.


Lead and bismuth standards for quantitative electron probe microanalysis have always been a problem due to mechanical polishing and surface oxidation upon atmospheric exposure. Some Pb and Bi compounds, such as the selenides and tellurides, can be obtained commercially as solid pieces that are large enough to be mounted as useful standards, but they can also form non-stoichiometric solid solutions. This paper is a description of the initial work done on the testing of some selenides and tellurides to evaluate their usefulness as standards for quantitation. In addition, improved procedures for preparing the Pb and Bi element and compound specimens are being used to reduce surface oxidation. Primarily Pb samples were evaluated here, but the project will be extended in the future to include more Bi materials. Experimental Most specimens were mounted in silver epoxy in multi-element mounts that were repolished according to the description below. Additional specimens of PbTe, PbSe, and Pb were mounted in epoxy for this work.


ABSTRACT Drawing on 32 face-to-face interviews with mothers and childcare providers in Latvia, this paper examines the mundane mobilities. We argue that attention to mundane mobilities reveals crucial arrangements of childcare rhythms. Moving to and from childcare places, and around homes with children are central to the provision of childcare. These mobilities are expressed in temporal and personal rhythms, continuities, and disruptions. Mundane mobilities link locations between family and care providers. Childcare mobilities are further shaped by a reduction in the formal supply of childcare in post-socialist Latvia and its replacement by informal arrangements. Through the morally negotiated responsibilities of informal childcare, certain rhythms emerge, including care-time in neighbourhoods, walking and other travel routines, and play activities with children. The paper's theoretical contribution builds on geographical and sociological interpretations of the mobility literature, here with a focus on rhythm analysis applied to childcare in everyday life. Its applied contribution rests on an understanding of how precarity is experienced, and responsibilities negotiated, with a special focus on a post-socialist society.


Many papers have been written about lakeeffected boundary layers and lake-effect snow storms. However, little research has been published on interactions of these lake-effected boundary layers with synoptic systems. In this presentation we will describe simulations and observations of two such interactions: 1) seeding of lake-effect boundary layer convective clouds over Lake Michigan by snow falling from higher, cyclone-generated cloud layers, and 2) impacts of the lake-effected boundary layer on a synoptic cold front crossing Lake Michigan. Simulations of 5 December 1997, show that even very light seeding of shallow lake-effect boundary layer clouds produced deeper clouds, enhanced vertical motions, increased precipitation production, and produced larger snow mass concentrations in agreement with observations taken during the Lake-Induced Convection Experiment (Lake-ICE). Simulations further revealed that the snowfall was dominated by the lake-effect clouds, but the very light seeding produced a measurable enhancement. Cold front interaction with the relatively warm convective lake-effect boundary layer early on 10 January 1998 resulted in a slowing of the frontal progress over the lake, a deepening of the clouds, and increased precipitation from the cold front. Simulations showed that the impacts were dominated by the heat and moisture fluxes from the lake surface rather than surface roughness differences over the lake. 2. Data


The the present investigation is to study the relationship between neurocranium anthropometry and Intelligence Quality (IQ) in students living in tropical and cold areas in Iran. Materials and Methods: The method of the present investigation is comparative and analytical descriptive. A total number of 100 healthy Azari medical students were included. The neurocranium length, width, and height were measured by Martin Saller caliper. The students' brain capacity was determined using Lee Pearson formula. In the next phase, all students were tested with Wechsler intelligence test. MRI was performed in 10 students with the highest IQ as well as in 10 students with the lowest IQ. The relationship between frontal and temporal lobes mass with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSQI) was evaluated. Results: The results indicated that a higher brain capacity was accompanied by the highest IQ. The significant differences were observed among male and female students from cold and tropical areas. A higher FSIQ rate in male students was accompanied by larger mass of the frontal lobe. The highest IQ was observed in female students with a larger mass of the temporal lobe. FSIQ was correlated to the mass of the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe in male and female students, respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed a relationship between weather, brain volume, and the mass of the frontal and temporal lobes with FSIQ.


CLOSE to 200,000 hospitalized patients suffer allergic drug reactions each year. Another 50,000 or so are hospitalized for treatment of such reactions. 1,2 There may well be more than a million more whose reactions occur away from the hospital and who require no hospital treatment. Perhaps as many as one person of every six who seek medical attention has suffered from an allergic or suspected allergic reaction to a drug at some time. Although toxic reactions to drugs are much more common than allergic ones, the allergic reactions tend to occur capriciously and explosively, with little or no warning. A reaction can be suspected of being allergic rather than toxic if the offending drug has been used before without any problem, or (as in classic serum sickness) if the reaction did not occur for several days after the drug was first administered. Drug allergy can produce a number of clinical


In this paper a high performance double gate tunnel field effect transistor (DG-TFET) is proposed. Band gap engineering is achieved in order to improve the device performance. This novel TFET is formed from variable band gap materials with 20 nm channel length to enhance on current and reach to low off-current. With precise selection of mole fraction in materials, Al0.5Ga0.6As and In0.85Ga0.15As are designated to all region in the device and important characterises of TFET are optimized. Low sub threshold swing below 60 mv/dec Ion/Ioff ratio as high as 1012 are the result of the simulation.


Next to texts and lectures, classroom discussions and seminars are the most com on approaches to teaching in American higher education (Kozma et al. 1978). Seminars commonly mean a small number of ad vanced students whose research is presented and criti cally reviewed by class and instructor. More generally, however, discussion techniques can be used in any course when students are encouraged to develop per sonal insights in an atmosphere of reflective thinking or problem solving (Hoover 1980). Success in seminar and discussion calls upon a wide range of verbal skills such as speaking, listening and formulating, and responding to questions. This paper will propose an approach to evaluating these skills which is suitable to both seminars and classroom discussions. Seminar courses are offered by virtually every college and university across the country, and research indicates that structured classroom discussions are increasingly popular with faculty members (Hoover 1980, Arm strong and Boud 1983, and Wood 1979) and students (Eash and Bennet 1964). Why is this the case? This surge is partially the result of an effort over the past ten years to clarify the goals and outcomes of a col lege education (McKeachie 1978). On such lists are found cognitive skills and personal qualities which are not readily stimulated either by the passive participation encouraged in the lecture hall or the solitary scholarship of the textbook. Increasingly, college educators are turning to student-centered techniques, such as discus sion and seminars. Research on the use of these approaches indicates that college teachers are correct in their hopes for the poten tial of seminars and class discussion (Barnes 1979 and


Analysis of an established geocoronal H α data set indicates a seasonal trend in observed dusk‐to‐dawn intensity variation, consistent with a diurnal variation in the underlying thermospheric hydrogen density. Observations were obtained at Pine Bluff Observatory, WI, from 2000 to 2001 using a high spectral resolution (R∼80,000) Fabry‐Perot annular summing spectrometer. This dusk‐to‐dawn asymmetry in intensity is highest in winter months with a difference of ∼2.7 Rayleighs and smallest in summer months with a difference of ∼0.5 Rayleighs; observations near equinox show a dusk‐to‐dawn difference in intensity close to ∼1.3 Rayleighs. Comparisons between modeled and observed dusk‐to‐dawn intensity variation show good agreement near the equinoxes. The modeled intensity was generated using the lyao_rt radiative transport code of Bishop (1999, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4073(98)00031-4), employing NRLMSISE‐00 thermospheric hydrogen profiles extended into the exosphere via the evaporative case of the Bishop analytic exosphere. Near the equinoxes and summer solstice, the model tends to agree with observations. Near the winter solstice, the model underestimates the dusk‐to‐dawn asymmetry by 1.5–2 Rayleighs. Overall, modeled H α intensity generated with NRLMSISE‐00 as the thermospheric input is shown to be consistently lower than observed intensity by a factor of ∼2.


The utility model discloses a machining locating tool used for a horizontal machining center. The machining locating tool used for the horizontal machining center comprises a transition plate and a workpiece holder, wherein a locating hole corresponding to a middle locating hole of a machining center workbench is machined in the transition plate, and the center of the locating hole and the center of the middle locating hole coincide; locating grooves are machined in the lower surface of the transmission plate and correspond to two reference T-shaped grooves of the machining center workbench; the transition plate is connected to the machining center workbench through the locating hole and the locating groove, and locating pin holes are machined in the upper surface of the transition plate. Holder locating pin holes are machined in the lower surface of the workpiece holder and coincide with the locating pin holes in the upper surface of the transition plate; the workpiece holder is connected to the transition plate through the locating hole and the locating pin holes in a locating mode; workpiece locating pin holes are machined in the upper surface of the workpiece holder and used for locating a workpiece to be machined in a locating mode. The machining locating tool used for the horizontal machining center can achieve location of the workpiece to be machined through fast alignment or zero alignment.


Excellent reviews of cattle breed comparisons or breed-cross comparisons have been previously reported by Franke (1980), Long (1980), and Marshall (1994). However, these reviews do not contain information on the calving ease, performance, carcass characteristics, or beef palatability of crossbred progeny of Holstein dams sired by different beef breeds. In many countries dairy females are commonly mated to beef sires; however, in the United States the use of this practice is somewhat limited. Nevertheless, some United States dairy production schemes utilize beef sires on surplus Holstein heifers and cows. Also, some large commercial dairy operations purchase replacement heifers from outside entities, thus permitting optional breeding schemes for some dairy females in their herds. Finally, in the near future, information on crossbred progeny of Holstein dams sired by different beef breeds could become particularly useful if semen and embryo sexing technology becomes practical, allowing for selective matings to generate dairy replacement heifers, thereby freeing other Holstein females to produce terminal progeny. From a genetic and economic standpoint, the crossing of beef bulls to Holstein females could result in improved utilization of existing genetics and an untapped alternative source of business for beef and dairy producers alike. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to 1) compare the birth, weaning, feedlot, and carcass characteristics of progeny from the matings of Holstein females with different beef sire breeds and 2) suggest possible research needs that warrant further consideration.


This is the first of two papers on the Employment Cost Index (ECI). The ECI is the newest Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) series on wages and compensation (wages plus the employer's expenditures for employee benefits). The ECI is a fixed employment weighted Laspeyres index. This paper compares the ECI with related series, and explains why the series change relative to one another as they do. The purpose is to help users of the BLS data understand the relationships between, and the uses of, the limited data available on the change in wages and compensation. The second paper discusses the survey design and the estimation of the ECI. The first comparisons are between the ECI and series that compute the change in the simple average. These are the Average Hourly Earnings (AHE) and the Average Hourly Compensation (AHC). The AHE is total wages and salaries paid to production workers in manufacturing, mining and construction and nonsupervisory workers in the rest of private nonfarm industry divided by hours paid. The AHC is total compensation of all persons in the private business sector divided by the hours of all persons. Comparisons are also made with the earnings data from the Current Population Survey (CPS), and the Hourly Earnings Index (HEI). The last two series use more complex measures of computing change than the simple average, i/ The Change in the ECI and Simple Averages The ECI, AHC and AHE differ in three respects • i. The method used to compute change-the change in the simple average or the change in a fixed weight index. 2. The concept of pay used--wages or compensation. 3. The workers covered--all workers in the private nonfarm economy or only production and nonsupervisory workers. The series are arranged in Table I so that adjacent series differ in only one of the three ways. The ECI (PROD) is an index from the ECI series specifically prepared for this paper. It includes the same group of workers as those included in the AHE. (Workers included in the AHE are called production workers and those excluded from the AHE, but included in the ECI are called nonproduction workers). The period is from December 1979, when the ECI compensation index begins, until December 1982. Table i: Comparisons of the Change in the ECI Wage and Compensation Indexes and the Change in the AHE and AHC.


Abstract Quantum-chemical calculations of the electronic structure of 1,3-, 1,4- and 2,3-diphospha-1,3-butadienes (DPB) and their derivatives with different substituents were performed. The MNDO method was used to describe the electronic structure of phosphaalkenes. The frontier orbitals of all unsubstituted DPB are of π-type. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is delocalized through both double phosphorus-carbon bonds; the next occupied MO is a combination of two phosphorus lone pairs (n-MO). The HOMO of 2,3-DPB differs markedly from those of 1,3- and 1,4-isomers: the contributions of phosphorus and carbon p-orbitals are nearly equal, and the energy gap between HOMO and n-MO is very small (0.008 eV). The introduction of the electron-withdrawing substituents results in the reverse order of these MO's. In contrast with 1,3- and 1,4-isomers, the double bonds of 2,3-DPB are almost non-polar. Effect of substituents upon the electron density distribution are considered. The results indicate that orb...


Case Report 52/M patient with history of asthma from childhood, on regular medication, now presented with short febrile illness and acute onset right wrist drop, followed by development of left foot drop 3 days later. Patient also gives history of positive sensory symptoms involving distribution of right radial nerve and B/L common peroneal nerve. No history of proximal muscle weakness, no history suggestive of higher function or cranial nerve involvement. No history of back pain or autonomic symptoms. On examination PR 78/' regular, BP 140/80, no postural hypotension, Temperature 101F. There was b/l pitting pedal oedema. Palpable purpura was noted on right lower limb above medial malleolus


Magnetic pulse production methods such as forming, joining or separating demonstrate innovative high-speed processes. Such processes can be realized using a capacitor and an appropriate tool coil for forming and welding processes. The process strain rates, which can amount to 20,000 s-1, increase the formability of metallic materials significantly. Magnesium and aluminium alloys find a wider application in the automotive industry due to their light weight potential. Through the low density of these materials, the vehicle weight can be reduced considerably. Due to the hexagonal lattice of magnesium alloys industry-relevant deformation in metal forming processes can only be achieved in hot forming processes. The high-speed forming allows a significant increase of deformability of this alloy. The use of dissimilar metals in an assembly requires the development of innovative joining methods. Apart from being used form and force closure the magnetic pulse welding and adhesive bonding material with different partners is possible. Currently at the Institute for Machine Tools and Factory Management (IWF), TU Berlin, various research topics in the field of pulsed magnetic are investigated. The magnetic pulse sheet metal forming of magnesium alloys at room temperature is investigated in a basic research project. A defined demarcation of high-speed forming with respect to the quasi-static deformation is done by means of hardness measurements in the deformation zone. For this purpose a suitable experimental setup with different matrices is constructed. The experimental results of the pulse magnetic deformation are iteratively compared with simulation results. The aim is to develop a new material model which gives a precise prediction about the high-speed process. In the field of magnetic pulse welding, both basic research and industry-related research projects conducted at the IWF. The process requires an adapted tool coil geometry that meets the requirements of the weld geometry. Different coil geometries and weld geometries and possible applications are presented by way of example, the welding quality is quantified by means of different analytical methods. The material microstructure in the weld zone, characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy shows the typical features of a shock welded joint, as also observed in explosive welding.


This paper presents application of piezoelectric thin film in sport to judge whether the ball is out of bounds, and how to install this application on the field. At last, a simulation will be done to text the performance of this application.


Permeability is one of the most difficult properties to predict, especially in carbonate reservoirs. Permeability prediction is a challenge to reservoir engineers due to the lack of tools that measure them directly. The most reliable data of permeability, obtained from laboratory measurements on cores, do not provide a continuous profile along the depth of the formation. This paper presents functional networks as a novel approach for forecasting permeability using Well Logs in a Middle Eastern Carbonate reservoir. Unlike the standard artificial neural network, functional network is a problem driven, in these networks there are no weights associated with the links connecting neurons, and it uses unknown neuron functions, that are learned from given families of linearly independent functions during the training process. Appropriate families can be chosen for each specific problem, such as, polynomials, Fourier, exponential, and trigonometric functions. This new computational intelligence scheme will overcome the weakness of the common softcomputing techniques, such as, neural networks and decision trees limitations. Two types of functional network models, separable and associativity functional networks are used to predict the permeability. Functional networks permeability model is chosen based on the minimum description length criterion, which takes care of both overfitting and complexity problems. A comparative study is carried out to compare their performance with those of statistical techniques and conventional neural network models. Preliminary results show that the new framework is flexible, more accurate, and comparable in performance to those of artificial neural networks and statistical techniques. Results were obtained with only the simplest structures of functional networks. It is possible to use more complex non-linear forms that lead to better accuracy, efficient results, and outperform the most common statistics, data mining techniques.


Canada played a key role during the 2011 international intervention in Libya. Contributing air and naval assets, associated personnel, and the commander of the overall NATO mission, Canada eventually carried a burden that ranked fourth amongst all contributing nations. This commitment is significant, not only for the scale of Canadian involvement, but also for the questions it raises about Canadian defence policy, particularly the role of military alliances and coalitions. To what overall strategic end did the Canadian government contribute to the Libya intervention? Was the decision simply a reaction to commitments already made by others, or was participation consistent with Canadian defence policy as it has developed over time?


Supreme Court of New South Wales, Davies J, 15 April 2020 The Jewish National Fund of Australia Inc sought orders from the Court for possession of two units (units A and B) from Mr Bar-Mordecai who was alleged to be in occupation of both units.


Based on current situation of mine safety and mine condition in China, the paper compares to several common technologies and characteristics of coal mine positioning, mainly introduces the functions of KJ236, mine personnel positioning system, and the usage situation of the system in a certain coal mine of Shaanxi, and analyzes the disadvantages of the system, then offer a proposal. On the other hand, the KJ236 system accomplishes the management of personnel positioning, enhances the ability of mine accidents prevention and improves the mine safety production.


The coronavirus pandemic hit the world sweeping through all parts of the world, crumbling economies, and overwhelming health systems. Undergraduate medical education has been totally disrupted and put to a stop. As Nigeria braces to open on medical schools and clinical rotation about to begin, the palpable panic that accompanies patients-students spread of the virus will definitely affect undergraduate medical education in Nigeria. At present, little is known in Nigeria about the long-term effects of Coronavirus disease-19 on clinical clerkship and undergraduate medical education and adaptations to juxtapose future pandemics with medical education. This review accesses risks, plans, and policies in place and how they will affect undergraduate medical education.


Digital health technologies (DHTs) enable remote and therefore frequent measurement of motor signs, potentially providing reliable and valid estimates of motor sign severity and progression in Parkinson's disease (PD). The Roche PD Mobile Application v1 was revised to v2 to include more measures of bradykinesia, and bradyphrenia and speech tests, to optimize suitability for early-stage PD. It was studied in 316 early-stage PD participants who performed daily active tests at home then carried a smartphone and wore a smartwatch throughout the day for passive monitoring (study NCT03100149). Adherence was excellent (96.29%). All pre-specified sensor features exhibited good-to-excellent test-retest reliability (median intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9), and correlated with corresponding Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale items (rho: 0.12-0.71). These findings demonstrate the preliminary reliability and validity of remote at-home quantification of motor sign severity with the Roche PD Mobile Application v2 in individuals with early PD.


With the growth of sensing technologies, the sensors are applied to diversified fields including health care, elderly protection, human activity abnormal detection, and surveillance. The advanced sensors embedded in mobile devices generate a large amount of valuable data. In recent years, to deal with the massive volumes of data, representation learning emerged as an alternative approach to extract the features without manual feature extraction. In this paper, we develop an unsupervised representation learning system for mining features across multiple sensors placed on different parts of the human body for recognizing human daily activities. The unsupervised representation learning approach allows models to learn the feature representation among a large number of unlabeled data samples collected from different parts of the human body. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of our system, extensive experiments on human daily activities recognition are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the learned representations.


Abstract : Quantitative measurements have been made of the three-body association rate coefficients for the clustering of hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbonyl sulfide, sulfur hexafluoride, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide, and xenon to the positive nitric oxide ion at 296 K. Selective photoionization of nitric oxide in nitric oxide-hydrogen sulfide, and nitric oxide-sulfur dioxide gas mixtures resulted in the formation of a family of cluster ions. Ion mass spectra are given and interpreted for these two gas mixtures. Rearrangement reactions occur in the nitric oxide-hydrogen sulfide gas mixture to produce protonated hydrogen sulfide positive ions and protonated ammonia positive ions. No rearrangement reactions were observed in the nitric oxide-sulfur dioxide mixture.


To maintain safety during winter, deicing salt (sodium chloride) is sprinkled over roads. Snow, mixed with highway salt, is then cleared by snowplows and usually ends up on roadsides where trees are planted. On conifers, adversely affected by deicing salt, needle shedding is accelerated. Undesirable results for the environment, caused by road maintenance chemical, are damaged vegetation, soil, polluted surface and groundwater, therefore, fauna, and people are also negatively impacted. The aim of modelling is to find a coefficient for calculating ryegrass, fescue grass and meadow-grass length of overground part after some time, accepting that the concentration of salt in melting snow and air temperature will be the same during investgation.


Aflatoxins are carcinogenic substances produced by fungi and due to the growth of fungi in a wide range of commodities including cereals, nuts, figs and spices, it is necessary to test such products for the presence of aflatoxins prior to their incorporation into other foodstuff or feeds. There is a need for a quick, simple test which can be used to check a diverse range of foodstuff. Two different detection methods of aflatoxins in peanuts were presented and compared (HPLC and ELISA). Both methods allow the determination of aflatoxin content with good recoveries for the levels of interest.


In Speaking with the Dead in Early America historian Erik R. Seeman offers a compelling story of religious life with, of, and for the dead. What began as a quest to tell the prehistory of s eance Spiritualism prompted the realization that communication with the dead was very much alive in Atlantic World Protestantism, especially the northern colonies of British North America. When so many primary sources centered on the importance of sustaining relationships with the dead, it became clear to Seeman that he was doing more than contextualizing the origin of American Spiritualism. Instead his research revealed the vast network of practices and ideas that Spiritualism grew among; in short, it's much bigger than Spiritualism. From gravestone epitaphs to Gothic fiction to mourning jewelry and more, Seeman's book emphasizes the importance of maintaining connection with the dead for American Protestants. Protestants might seem an odd choice at first for some readers, but Seeman efficiently and elegantly unpacks "Protestantism as a religion in which the dead are important figures" (8). To help make this case for the significance of Protestant engagement with the dead, Seeman utilizes Robert Orsi's emphasis on "presence" in the study of Catholicism. Presence argues that religious people understand themselves as part of a rich religious community that includes unseen actors, invisible forces, and extra-human beings. While much of the historiography on Protestantism understands it to be a religion of absence, Seeman centers these attempts to converse with the dead and reveals the deeper complexity of lived Protestantism. Seeman is not alone in using presence to explore Protestantism; Brett Grainger's recent book on nature, Church in the Wild: Evangelicals in Antebellum America (Cambridge University Press, 2019), also employed Orsi's idea. This is a smart, historical move that helps us better understand the religious lives of American Protestants and it is good to see historians of Protestantism take it more seriously. Catholics are not the only American Christians who see the world as a network of human and suprahuman spiritual entities, and this focus on Protestant interactions with the dead proves that. The chapters unpack this dynamic in a way that is carefully researched, clearly articulated, and persuasively argued. Chapter One focuses on the


Utilization of a cerebral protection device during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) will reduce the rate of periprocedural stroke as well as the occurrence and volume of new lesions on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI), which may serve as a potential surrogate endpoint for clinical studies. The DEFLECT I study is a prospective, multi-center, single arm study that aims to demonstrate the safety and performance of the TriGard TM Embolic Deflection Device (EDD) (Keystone Heart, Caesarea Business Park, Israel), among patients undergoing TAVR. Primary endpoints were device performance and in-hospital device-related safety. A powered secondary endpoint was the number and volume of new DW-MRI brain lesions. Of the 20 consecutive patients enrolled, the device performed as intended with complete vessel coverage until completion of the valve implant in 80% of cases. The hierarchical composite in-hospital procedure-related major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular (MACCE) event rates was 10% due to 2/20 major disabling strokes, which occurred the day after the procedure following urgent surgery for a failed TAVR implant and a cardiac arrest due to loss of pacer capture. Compared with historical controls, the number of new ischemic brain lesions detected on DW-MRI were similar (70% vs. 76%); however, patients undergoing TAVR with the TriGard TM EDD device demonstrated a 94% reduction in the maximum lesion volume, a 94% reduction in maximum total lesion volume, and a 65% reduction in mean lesion volume compared with historical controls. An angiographic sub-study demonstrated that the only clinical factor associated with the maintenance of device coverage throughout the procedure was anchorage of the upper stabilizer in the innominate artery. The DEFLECT I study established proof of concept of the TriGard TM device and justifies further evaluation in a planned randomized clinical trial.


With the existing global warming issue, automotive industry used to be
accused as ringleader of those issue. Toyota as the biggest car manufacturer in the
world not just stay in silent, far from this global warming issue, Toyota already
produce a hybrid car that gonna be the answer of the global warming issue,
Toyota Prius. In US and Europe market, Toyota Prius is the best seller car. Even
in US market, consumers have to wait for 6 month just to get Toyota Prius. It is
little bit different from South East market especially Indonesia. Entering
Indonesian market since 2003 by General Importer and officially launch in 2009
from Toyota Astra Motor, Toyota Prius haven�t achieve the number of selling
target 10 unit/month. This selling issue that got writer�s attention to identify the
problems in this research.
The purpose of this research is to recognize how is the consumer
perception with car that run by hybrid technology and what factors that affect
purchasing of Toyota Prius by interviewing the potential buyer, potential seller,
journalist, and user of Toyota Prius. This research can be used as suggestion and
improvement for existing strategy by analyzing internal and external strength and
weakness.
The result from this research expected to be basic of evaluating the current
strategy with see the insight of the potential buyer, potential seller, journalist, and
user of Toyota Prius to increase the number of sales of Toyota Prius it self.


BACKGROUND
Juvéderm Ultra injectable gel (Allergan, Inc, Irvine, California) is approved in the United States to treat moderate to severe wrinkles and folds, such as nasolabial folds. It is also used to enhance the appearance of the lips.

OBJECTIVES
The authors evaluated the safety and effectiveness of Juvéderm Ultra injectable gel for lip enhancement and assessed the utility of 3 new lip-specific effectiveness scales.

METHODS
In this multicenter study, 50 subjects received lip enhancement with Juvéderm Ultra injectable gel. The subjects were observed closely by the treating investigator and results were evaluated by a blinded independent rater and by subject self-assessment for up to 48 weeks to determine the durability of the effects. A validated lip fullness scale (LFS) was used for analysis. Treatment satisfaction was assessed by investigators and subjects using an 11-point scale.

RESULTS
At week 12, 71% of subjects had achieved their goals for lip fullness and had maintained improvement of at least 1 grade on the LFS, which greatly exceeded the a priori criterion of 40% for success. At week 24, improvement in lip fullness was still present for 56% of subjects. Satisfaction and goal achievement exceeded 90% for subjects as well as investigators. Common side effects were predominantly mild or moderate in intensity and resolved within 1 week in the majority of subjects.

CONCLUSIONS
Juvéderm Ultra injectable gel is safe and effective for lip enhancement. Scales for assessing lip fullness provide an objective method to determine the effectiveness of treatment.


INTRODUCTION Schafer and Brunton (1971) determined that methiocarb [3,5-dimethyl-4-(methylthio)phenol methylcarbamate] was efficaceous as a bird repellent, reporting low R50 and LD50 values for several bird species. Guarino (1972) suggested that bird damage to corn, soybeans, rice, sorghum, cherries, and grapes could be reduced by spraying with methiocarb. Crase and DeHaven (1976) concluded that methiocarb could be an effective broad-spectrum bird repellent and crop protectant. Bollengier et al. reported that bird damage to blueberries was significantly lower in methiocarb-treated fields than in the untreated fields. Rogers (1974) describes Mesurol as a conditioning repellent that has post-ingestional effects. Guarino (1972) reported that house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus), and starlings (Sturnus vulgarus) constituted 51.5% and 28.8%, respectively, of the birds observed in grape fields in California. In New Hampshire, robins (Turdus migratorius), primarily, and starlings, catbirds, (Dumetella carolinensis), and scarlet tanagers (Piranga olivacea) fed heavily on grapes (Guarino 1972). The birds damaged the upper, exposed clusters more than those on lower, covered branches. Crase et al. (1976) estimated the amount of bird damage to grapes in the U.S.A. at $4.4 million. Peck damage was reported higher than pluck damage. Larger birds, such as starlings and robins, were observed taking the whole berry, while smaller birds (finches, sparrows, and bluebirds) were pecking holes in the individual berry (Crase et al., 1976). Crase (1975), while reporting a high ratio of pecked to plucked fruit in treated fields, observed a higher proportion of plucked in the untreated area; house sparrows (Passer-domesticus) were the most prevalent species. He suggested that birds may be first pecking, and, if no effect is detected, they would take the whole grape. obtained twice the yield on vines protected from blackbirds (Turdus merula) and silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis) in South Australia with this compound. While failures have been reported in protecting cherries (Stickley and Ingram 1973) and blueberries (Dolbeer et al. 1973), their experimental designs may have been deficient. The objective of the present study was to evaluate methiocarb bird repellency in five selected grape fields in Ohio. The methiocarb formulation used was 75% wettable powder (WP), which is registered as Mesurol. These experiments were conducted under an experimental use permit (#3125-EUP-140). Additional details are found in Kassa and Jackson (1978). Experimental areas. Initially a survey of the major vineyards along the southern shore of Lake Erie in Erie and Ottawa counties was conducted. Several parameters, including past history of bird damage, size of …


Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive X–linked neuromuscular disease that results from mutations in dystrophin. The majority of premature deaths of DMD patients result from respiratory failure due to progressive fibrosis that diminishes diaphragm function, while cardiac failure accounts for the remainder of deaths. The loss of functional dystrophin also leads to defective nitric oxide (NO) signaling in skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle systems. We recently showed that systemic amplification of NO signaling with sildenafil (a phosphodiesterase 5 [PDE5] inhibitor) reversed cardiac dysfunction in the mdx mouse model of DMD. We now show that skeletal muscle cell lines and homogenates contain a pool of active PDE5 and that sildenafil significantly enhanced mdx respiratory muscle (diaphragm) health by reducing fibrosis and Evans Blue Dye uptake, while enhancing contractile force output. In contrast, sildenafil neither affected mdx hindlimb pathology or function nor impacted standard biomarkers of dystrophic disease. Nevertheless, sildenafil treatment appeared to enhance mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in mdx hindlimb muscles in vivo, consistent with reported protective effects of enhanced NO‐cGMP signaling on mitochondria. In summary, sildenafil may enhance skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics and may be therapeutically useful in reducing fibrosis and enhancing respiratory muscle function in DMD patients.


There is a lot of buzz about interdisciplinary training these days. What really works? The interdisciplinary graduate training program in Quantitative Biology at Michigan State University (biomodel.msu.edu) was developed a dozen years ago, with the goal of potentiating creative, groundbreaking work between the life sciences and physical, computational, and mathematical sciences. The key element has been joint research mentoring of our students in the context of collaboration, with one major advisor from the biosciences and one from the physical/computational/math disciplines. How do we keep the course load reasonable? Is it possible to become too interdisciplinary (neither fish nor fowl)? What have our graduates gone on to do? How has their work impacted the labs in which they trained? Can this approach work at the undergraduate level, too? We will share our successes and lessons learned, and look forward to learning from the audience's successes, too!


For the majority, work is mainly a source of income. And although a surprisingly high proportion are satisfied, or even very satisfied, with jobs which provide little intrinsic reward; most, in fact, expect little beyond the pay-packet. The minddeadening tedium of the assemblyline, the dull monotony of machineminding, the lack of any opportunity to use more than a part of potential skill and ability is the lot of all but a fortunate few. (Yet few complain.) Small wonder that sociologists have seen the dehumanising effects of work as a major source of alienation in contemporary society. And it is with such issues as the organisation of work, its meaning and satisfactions, that Michael Argyle's book is concerned. Although the discussion of mental health and work is relegated to an appendix, it is one of the more interesting and challenging sections of the text. Despite the publicity given to executive stress, what is less well known is that mental health declines sharply as we go down the skill and status hierarchy. Researches show mental health to be very poor among semi-skilled factory workers on production lines. This is attributed not to any physical or mental strain, but to the lack of opportunity to use abilities. Lowgrade work causes lowered selfesteem and feelings of failure and inferiority. The discussion of the extent to which leisure can compensate for unfulfilling work is disappointing and fails to take account of much


Cross entropy measure is one of the best way to calculate the divergence of any variable from the priori one variable. We define a new cross entropy measure under interval neutrosophic set (INS) environment, which we call IN-cross entropy measure and prove its basic properties. We also develop weighted IN-cross entropy measure and investigats its basic properties.


Steven Arkonovich, Reed College Reasons, Happiness, and Ideal Advisors A common way of developing a subjectivist account of practical reason is to hold that what an agent has reason to do is what she would want to do if she were fully rational. A common way of developing a subjectivist account of happiness is to hold that an agent is happy if her life goes according to a life plan she would endorse if she rationally reflected upon it. Both theories make use of subjunctive conditionals in their definitions. Both, therefore, are vulnerable to the same sort of error — the error of committing the so-called "conditional fallacy." The conditional fallacy is committed whenever a subjunctive analysis yields a mistaken result because realizing the antecedent of the conditional changes the state of affairs being analyzed. For example, we might think Joe has reason to go to the library because he is ignorant of some fact. Yet trying to analyze Joe's reasons by appeal to what Joe would want if he were fully rational will yield the wrong result. If Joe were fully rational, he would not be ignorant of the relevant fact, and so would not want to go to the library. These difficulties have persuaded philosophers to move to what I call "ideal advisor" accounts. Such accounts do not ask, "What would the agent be motivated to do or endorse in certain counterfactual circumstances?" Rather, the accounts tell us to imagine an idealized counterpart of the agent, the ideal evaluator, and ask, "What would the ideal evaluator want the actual agent to do in the actual circumstances?" Michael Smith and Peter Railton give such an account of reasons. And Jussi Suikkanen has recently given a variation of a life satisfaction theory of happiness that appeals to ideal advisors. I want to argue that in both cases an appeal to an ideal evaluator does not improve matters. This is because both an agent's reasons and her happiness are crucially tied to a first-personal deliberative perspective, as expressed in the capacity to recognize her own reasons, or endorse her own life plans. Ideal advisor accounts overlook this. They end up ascribing reasons that agents could not recognize as their own, and specifying conditions for happiness that they could not endorse. I claim, therefore, that these accounts should be rejected. _________________________________________________________________________________ Neera K. Badhwar, University of Oklahoma/ George Mason University, Russell Jones, Harvard University Aristotle on the Complete Friendship of Incompletely Virtuous People "[C]omplete friendship," says Aristotle, "is the friendship of good people similar in virtue" (Nicomachean Ethics, 1156b 7). Differences of age and status, or the inability to spend time together, can prevent two people from becoming friends even if they are virtuous (VIII.7). And if friends are separated by distance, their friendship becomes hard or impossible to maintain (VIII.5). But in the absence of these barriers of age, status, time, and distance, all that is required for a complete friendship, Aristotle often suggests, is virtue, because to love another for who she is, for herself, is to love her for her virtues. This strikes us as a psychologically unrealistic and incomplete conception of complete friendship. There is more to a person's identity, and more to her desirability as a friend, than merely her virtues. To love an individual for who she is is to love her not only as a virtuous human being, but also as someone with certain likes and dislikes, interests and activities, and certain personality traits. If we loved our friends only for their virtues, we could potentially love all virtuous people equally. But although 6 Bled Philosophical Conference 2012 there are no psychological barriers to admiring all virtuous people equally, it seems implausible to hold that we can love all of them equally, can desire to be friends with all of them equally, even if we meet them at the same time and there are no barriers of age, status, or distance. It simply is not the case that all virtuous people can be each other's "other selves," as Aristotle insists they must be to be friends. Elijah Millgram attempts to explain this fact without appealing to non-moral properties, but his explanation just pushes the problem one step back. A plausible conception of friendship must acknowledge that there is more to a shared life than merely shared virtue. And, indeed, attention to certain neglected texts in the NE reveals that this richer, more plausible picture of friendship, though not recognized by commentators, is embedded in Aristotle's account, and needs only to be highlighted. _________________________________________________________________________________ Boran Berčić, University of Rijeka Internalism and Externalism Externalists hold that the conceptual impossibility of the amoralist is an absurd consequence of the internalism and that therefore we should reject internalism and accept externalism. However, just as the conceptual impossibility of the amoralist is a consequence of the internalism, the conceptual impossibility of the moralist is a consequence of the externalism; if beliefs cannot move to action, then it is impossible that anybody does X just because he believes he has to do X. The consequence of the externalism is not only that moral beliefs are sometimes not sufficient for moral acting, but that they are never sufficient for moral acting. Therefore, the mere logical possibility that the moralist exists is sufficient to show that externalism is untenable. However, it seems not only that the moralist is a conceptual possibility, but that in fact there are innumerable cases of a moralism. It is obvious that we do many things because we believe we have to do them, no matter whether we desire to do them or not. Doctor on a vacation does not need a desire to help a man who has a heart attack; policeman does not need a desire to prevent a disorder; professor does not need a desire to give a C; etc, they all do that because they believe they have to do it. It would be nice that our desires always coincide with what we have to do, however, unfortunately that is often not so. Hence, no matter whether the amoralist is conceptually possible or not, acting out of duty is in fact very widespread and the internalist model of the moral motivation is in fact true. It is a further question whether that model should be a raw model for building ethical theory, that is, should insight of one's own duty be the only relevant basis for ethical theory or we should rely on desires, emotions, character traits and other non-cognitive states and properties. _________________________________________________________________________________ Spencer Case, University of Colorado Boulder Copp's Reasons Pluralism: A Response David Copp has defended a version of Reasons Pluralism according to which all practical reasons are bound to "standpoints." That is, reasons may be compared in terms of normative weight with other reasons within the same standpoint, but they can't be compared with reasons of different standpoints. Since Copp believes that morality and prudence are different standpoints, he is committed to the view that moral reasons and prudential reasons cannot be compared in terms of absolute normative weight. I disagree. Here, I present an explication and critique of both Copp's conception of normativity and his argument for Reasons Pluralism. Ethical Issues: Theoretical and Applied 7 Katrien Devolder, Ghent University Killing Discarded Embryos and the Nothing-Is-Lost Principle A widely held view holds that it is permissible to conduct destructive research on embryos discarded following fertility treatment, but not on embryos especially created for research. One argument in support of this view appeals to the nothing-is-lost principle. It holds that because discarded embryos will die soon in any case, and something good is expected to come out of using them for research, it is presumptively permissible to do so. It is then claimed that no equivalent justification can be adduced in support of destructive research on embryos especially created for research. I argue that, on a standard formulation of the nothing-is-lost principle, this argument fails. I consider whether other plausible variants of the principle render the argument sound and argue that they do not. _________________________________________________________________________________ Tom Douglas, University of Oxford Parental Partiality and the Intergenerational Transmission of Advantage Parents are typically partial to their own children. They typically direct more time, effort, money and emotional support to their own children than to other children. This partiality can confer unfair advantages on the child. Nevertheless, many philosophers have defended it, maintaining that it is often legitimate to be partial to one's child even when this can be expected to result in unfair advantages. Defenders of parental partiality frequently attempt to establish its legitimacy by appealing to the special relationship that obtains between a parent and child. In this talk, I raise a problem for such relationship-based defences of parental partiality. Since economic and social advantages are often reliably transmitted across generations within families, when a parent confers an advantage on her child through parental partiality, she frequently thereby also confers advantages on her grandchildren, great-grandchildren and so on. I argue that the conferral of these 'transmitted' advantages calls for justification and that relationship-based defences of parental partiality are not able to furnish this. I then briefly consider the implications of my argument for (i) the legitimacy of parental partiality, and (ii) the legitimacy of other kinds of partiality that are frequently justified by appeal to special relationships. _________________________________________


The paper describes the project "Integrated technologies for fire monitoring and first alert" proposed by the authors to satisfy technical requirements of the Firefighter Bodies with particular attention to the monitoring of wood fires and release of chemical materials. The target system is composed of three sub-systems: sensors to detect target parameters, telecommunications to transfer sensor data in real time and for first alert management, fire evolution real time simulator to support decisions. The project aims also to integrate the three subsystems facing and solving technical/scientific issues to provide a significant applicative high value.


The performance of the chirped return-to-zero format varies significantly with slight changes in the link dispersion. Penalty reduction from more than 8 dB to 3 dB has been demonstrated by either adjusting the chirp or using tunable dispersion compensation.


Data mining is useful in a wide variety of applications, the most unique and popular applications such as anomaly/suspect detection from the large surveillance system. The abnormality detection is performed on various datasets, which has unique challenges and issues. Outlier detection from the Global Positioning System (GPS) and dynamic trajectory data is much more complicated due to its dynamic update nature. This paper reviews the related works of various suspect, anomaly and outlier detection schemes on mobility datasets. Several works proposed in the literature to detect the abnormality from the traveling behavior which is collected from various wireless media. The unique features among high dimensional dynamic datasets are always developed different types of issues. Detecting and analyzing such dynamic features for finding anomaly is carried out by many types of research in different ways such as cluster oriented, context-aware, dimensionality reduction techniques, graph approaches. After a successful analysis of these approaches, this survey gives an outline to tackle the problems of those techniques.


Over the course of eight years, the Ohio State University has performed research in support of electric propulsion development efforts at the NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH. This research has been largely devoted to plasma propulsion systems including MagnetoPlasmaDynamic (MPD) thrusters with externally-applied, solenoidal magnetic fields, hollow cathodes, and Pulsed Plasma Microthrusters (PPT's). Both experimental and theoretical work has been performed, as documented in four master's theses, two doctoral dissertations, and numerous technical papers. The present document is the final report for the grant period 5 December 1987 to 31 December 1995, and summarizes all activities. Detailed discussions of each area of activity are provided in appendices: Appendix 1 - Experimental studies of magnetic nozzle effects on plasma thrusters; Appendix 2 - Numerical modeling of applied-field MPD thrusters; Appendix 3 - Theoretical and experimental studies of hollow cathodes; and Appendix 4 -Theoretical, numerical and experimental studies of pulsed plasma thrusters. Especially notable results include the efficacy of using a solenoidal magnetic field downstream of a plasma thruster to collimate the exhaust flow, the development of a new understanding of applied-field MPD thrusters (based on experimentally-validated results from state-of-the art, numerical simulation) leading to predictions of improved performance, an experimentally-validated, first-principles model for orificed, hollow-cathode behavior, and the first time-dependent, two-dimensional calculations of ablation-fed, pulsed plasma thrusters.


To increase the lifetime of rocket combustion chambers, thermal barrier coatings (TBC) may be applied on the copper chamber wall. Since standard TBC systems used in gas turbines are not suitable for rocket-engine application and fail at the interface between the substrate and bond coat, a new bond-coat material has to be designed. This bond-coat material has to be chemically compatible to the copper substrate to improve the adhesion and needs a coefficient of thermal expansion close to that of copper to reduce thermal stresses. One approach to achieve this is to modify the standard NiCrAlY alloy used in gas turbines by adding copper. In this work, the influence of copper on the microstructure of NiCrAlY-alloys is investigated with thermodynamical calculations, optical microscopy, SEM, EDX and calorimetry. Adding copper leads to the formation of a significant amount of \(\beta\) and \(\alpha\) Reducing the aluminum and chromium content leads furthermore to a two-phase fcc microstructure.


The current state of the art TTS synthesis can produce synthesized speech with highly decent quality if rich segmental and suprasegmental information are given. However, some suprasegmental features, e.g., Tone and Break (TOBI), are time consuming due to being manually labeled with a high inconsistency among different annotators. In this paper, we investigate the use of word embedding, which represents word with low dimensional continuous-valued vector and being assumed to carry a certain syntactic and semantic information, for bidirectional long short term memory (BLSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN) based TTS synthesis. Experimental results show that word embedding can significantly improve the performance of BLSTM-RNN based TTS synthesis without using features of TOBI and Part of Speech (POS).


The paper describes the main theoretical and practical lines that affect the scientific activities carried out at the University of Florence by some members of the scientific section of Architectural Technology on the issues of sustainability and Technological Innovation in the Design of Urban Environment. The methodological aspects and the findings of two researchers are described as a result of the national and international experiences developed by the researchers in the last years. These works represent some of the research programs in the field of Architectural Technology, with a perspective that emphasizes the topic of sustainable development both from an environmental and social point of view, in order to assure a good economic growth of the countries. Parole chiave: PE8-11 Product design, ergonomics, man-machine interfaces PE8-12 Sustainable design (for recycling, for environment, eco-design) SH3-1 Environment, resources and sustainability Resilient requalification of urban space One of the issues faced by the Florentine unit is housing emergency related to migration flows and the urbanization of poverty. Since some years, more than half (54%) of the world population lives in high-density urban settlements, with a trend reaching the 66% in 2050 (UNDESA, 2015). This phenomenon has determined a continuous growth of the urban areas, above all in the developed countries, where the construction of at least 70 million new homes are expected in the next year (UNHabitat, 2003). This urbanization phenomenon regards mostly the population that shows economic, social, and cultural disadvantages. These people adapt themselves to live in poor settlements


Objective: To observe the effect of Salvia Miltiorrhiza on synaptophysin and synapsin of acute spinal cord injury in the gray matter of rats and discuss its mechanism.Methods: 144 male SD rats were made SCI models and randomly divided into three groups including the observation group,control group and SCI group.The observation group was treated with Salvia miltiorrhiza injection.The control group was treated with methylprednisolone.SCI group was treated with nothing.Changes of synaptophysin and synapsin were observed on the first day,the third day,the 7th day and the 14th day after SCI.Results: There was no significant difference on the density of synaptophysin immunoreactivity and synapsin immunoreactivity in the gray matter in the observation group,control group and SCI group on the first day and the third day after SCI.And There was no significant difference on on the 7th day and the14th day after SCI in the observation group and control group.But compared with SCI group,the observation group significantly increased on the 7th day and the 14th day(P0.01),but there was no significant difference compred with the control group.Conclusion: Salvia Miltiorrhiza could reduce the insecondary injury of SCI,which was the effective medicine in early stage of SCI.


A set of complex spectral, actinometric and meteorological data obtained in the periods of heightened solar activity (1981 and 1988) has been considered in order to reveal the atmospheric component affected by solar emissions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. For the first time, it has been found out that water vapor molecules can be transformed, under the impact of corpuscular and microwave solar emissions, from the free state to the bound one (association into clusters), and vice versa. The transition of water vapor molecules into the bound state results in a decrease of spectral optical thickness in the visible, near IR and IR spectral regions, and an appearance and deepening of the cluster absorption bands at wavelengths 330 to 340, 365, 380 to 390, and 480 nm.


Bioactive glasses (bg) are ceramic materials whose chemical composition allows them to induce and conduct tissue mineralization. As these glasses can be obtained with the sol-gel method and in nanometric particle sizes, their indication has been extended and enhanced.The antibacterial properties of bg are outstanding: they are possible given the release of ions, which alkalinizes the medium, acting on the bacterial colonies.The medical and dental applications of these materials are wide, with an emphasis on bone regeneration, remineralization of hard dental tissues and treatment of hypersensitivity. However, as they are materials with an amorphous chemical structure, their mechanical properties are not good, this being their main limitation for clinical application in restorative dentistry. In this sense, scientific research has focused on determining the possibility of including bg in various dental materials as a way to combine bioactivity with appropriate mechanical properties.So far, it has not been possible to determine the proportion and methodology necessary to include bg in dental materials without altering their clinical behavior, which is why further research is necessary.


Background The rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is responsible of a high cardiovascular morbi-mortality. This could be related to an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with (RA) Objectives The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in RA, to identify factors associated with its presence and to evaluate the influence of antirheumatic drugs on its occurrence. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Internal Medicine department over a period from July 2016 to June 2017, including 50 RA patients classified according to the 1987 ACR and/or 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. We used the National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Panel Treatment III 2005 (NCEP/ATP III 2005) definition for the metabolic syndrome. Results There were 50 patients (sex-ratio = 0.28) with a mean age of 50.84 ± 12.52 years. The mean age at the onset of RA was 42.04 ± 12.76 years with duration of 17.52 months (0.8-120 months). The evaluation of the disease showed an average DAS28-VS score of 5.37 ± 1.24 and a significant functional impact (HAQ score ≥ 1) in 36% of patients. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in RA was 40%. Its presence was associated with higher age (p = 0.003), greater disease activity (p=0.044), the presence of a biological inflammatory syndrome (p=0.032) and hyperuricemia (p=0.005). An association was also found with long-term corticosteroid use (p = 0.03). Conclusion Our results are consistent with most of the literature data. Throughout our study, we emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of disease activity and the need for cortisone-sparing. References [1] Da Cunha VR, Brenol CV, Brenol JCT, Fuchs SC, Arlindo EM, Melo IMF, et al. Metabolic syndrome prevalence is increased in rheumatoid arthritis patients and is associated with disease activity. Scand J Rheumatol. 2012; 41 (3): 186–91. [2] Chung CP, Oeser A, Solus JF, Avalos I, Gebretsadik T, Shintani A, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is increased in rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2008; 196 (2): 756–63. [3] Dao H-H, Do Q-T, Sakamoto J. Increased frequency of metabolic syndrome among Vietnamese women with early rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010; 12 (6): R218. Disclosure of Interests None declared


The problem of reversing heavy goods vehicles with two or more articulation joints could be solved with autonomous steering. This requires a controller designed to position the vehicle using steer angle alone. This paper presents an articulated vehicle model and a controller algorithm which is capable of reversing Long Combination Vehicles successfully. The closed loop stability of this controller is analysed using a linearisation technique and the effects of various parameters and vehicle configurations are investigated. It has been found that the controller is stable for vehicle configurations with up to three articulation joints and three semi-trailers, for which the controller is able to correct a starting offset in an acceptable settling time, with minimal overshoot.


Motion estimation is a key component in dynamic point cloud analysis and compression. We present a method for reducing motion estimation computation when processing block-based partitions of temporally adjacent point clouds. We propose the use of an occupancy map containing information regarding size or other higher-order local statistics of the partitions. By consulting the map, the estimator may significantly reduce its search space, avoiding expensive block-matching evaluations. To form the maps we use 3D moment descriptors efficiently computed with one-pass update formulas and stored as scalar-values for multiple, subsequent references. Results show that a speedup of 2 produces a maximum distortion dropoff of less than 2% for the adopted PSNR-based metrics, relative to distortion of predictions attained from full search. Speedups of 5 and 10 are achievable with small average distortion dropoffs, less than 3% and 5%, respectively, for the tested data set.


: MOOCs offer opportunities but are also pose the danger of further exacerbating existing educational divisions and deepening the homogeneity of global knowledge systems. Like many universities globally, South African university leaders and those responsible for course, curriculum, and learning technology development are coming to grips with the implications and possibilities of online and open education for their own institutions. What opportunities do they offer to universities, especially from the point of view of research-focused campus-based institutions which have not yet engaged with MOOCs and have little history with online courses? Given the complexities of the MOOC-scape, this paper provides a means for contextualising the options within an institutional landscape of educational provision as possibilities for MOOC creation, use and adaptation. This takes into account what is currently available and identifies what new opportunities can be explored. Refining this further, a categorisation of existing MOOCs is provided that maps to broad institutional interests. The notion of courses offered by universities as being either primarily 'inward' or


Choreography classes are structured in a way that places intrinsic value on peer criticism, or the evaluation by students of the works their colleagues present in class. For this reason, a choreography course may be conceived of (as writing courses often are) as a "revisions process" course. But while choreography teachers already devote class time to soliciting students' critical evaluation of each other's dances, approaches to training students in this activity, as documented in the literature on the teaching and learning of choreography, are neither consistent nor intellectually rigorous. The literature concerns itself primarily with the practice of producing dance studies: exploring and making creative choices about movement and structure in the dance. A number of writers do acknowledge and articulate the importance of teaching students to develop a sharp critical eye.


To study the pathogenicity of the Brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1a 241.10 isolate, four calves were intranasally inoculated with a viral suspension containing 107.2 TCID50 mL-1. One calf was left uninoculated and kept in contact with the other calves to investigate viral transmissibility. After inoculation, the animals were monitored daily for clinical signs of infection. The presence of the virus in the blood and nasal secretions was confirmed by virus isolation in cell culture. White blood cells were quantified prior to and every 3 days after infection, and the presence of antibodies was checked every 7 days, starting at day 0 until day 42 post-inoculation (pi). After infection, nasal and ocular serous secretions were observed between days 1 and 5 pi, along with a mild cough from days 2 to 4 pi; however, no severe clinical signs were present. Body temperature was slightly elevated between days 4 and 6 pi. The control calf did not develop any of the signs observed in the infected animals. Cell culture-mediated virus isolation confirmed viremia between days 4 and 8 pi and the presence of the virus in the nasal secretions between days 1 and 10 pi. All infected animals showed a decrease in white blood cell count. Antibodies could be detected from day 14 pi, and these levels remained high until day 35 pi. The control calf had no viremia, viral presence in nasal secretions, or positive serology, indicating the absence of viral transmission. Thus, isolate BVDV 1a 241.10 has low pathogenicity and transmissibility but retains immunosuppressive capacity.


Islamic pedagogy is an approach refers to the influence of Islamic values on the theory and practice of learning and how it is reshaping the relation between learners and Islamic knowledge. Muslim scholars had their contribution in finding and improving an Islamic pedagogy through Maqasid al-Shari'ah and practicing of learning. However, their great effort is not highlighted academically to show the possible application of Islamic pedagogy in the modern schools and how to encounter the challenges of secular philosophical trends and the implications of current educational systems. The researchers followed a descriptive method to analyse and criticise the data collected by induction from the writings of Ibn "Ashur about Maqasid al-Shari'ah and the works of Abdessalam Yassine on Islamic pedagogy. The researchers found that Ibn "Ashur set instinct as a foundation for Maqasid which, through it, many fractions of Islamic law could be regulated, while Yassine utilized his long experience of being a teacher and educational inspector to observe the role of the Quranic instinct in Islamic pedagogy and the development of learning system.


It is favorable and helpful to strengthen the education and management to the graduates with communist party membership to improve their ideology and quality,so that they can be role model in all links of the graduation work.To do this job,we need understand the importance of education and management to those graduates and take particular and effective measures to do the job based on the characteristics of such graduates.


After having made an analysis of the Yi Zhong-tian Phenomenon,this paper comes to the conclusion that putting historic people in the key place of historic study and making common people understand and accept history are two important features of Yi Zhong-tian in his lectures on history,which help to make him quite popular.


Using the 18:8pb (cid:0)1 of data accumulated at LEP in 1990 and 1991 with the ALEPH detector, a direct test of neutral current CP-invariance is performed by a search for CP-odd correlations in Z decays to (cid:28) pairs where both (cid:28) decay modes are identi(cid:12)ed. No evidence for CP-violation is observed. The weak dipole moment of the (cid:28) has been measured to be d(cid:28)(mZ) = (1:3 (cid:6) 1:4 (cid:6) 0:1) (cid:2) 10 (cid:0)17 e (cid:1) cm which results in an upper limit on the weak dipole momentof jd(cid:28)(mZ)j (cid:20) 3:7 (cid:2) 10 (cid:0)17 e (cid:1) cm with 95% con(cid:12)dence level.


This paper analyzes, in the perspective of the Constitutional System of full protection of fundamental rights, the anticipated production of testimonial evidence in the suspended proceedings. In sight the change introduced by Law No. 9.271/96, Article 366 of the Criminal ́s Code that suspends the process and the limitations period for the absence of the defendant. On the premise that criminal ́s law is a tool for implementing the Constitutional Law. Therefore, it alsos protects the rights of the accused/defendant, as it must, equally, protects the rights of the community, concerning the effective implementation of the adjudication. It enters the study of the search for real truth in criminal ́s proceedings as opposed to the legal rights of defense and contradictory. So it searchs to decompose the legal nature of the witnesses proof. Therefore it examines the concepts of fundamental rights in the constitutional standards dimension: principles / rules for the solution when implementing the various principles of the Constitution of 88 ́ collides. Thus the effective means, fair and equitable solution to the possible collision between the right of the accused / defendant and the right of the same hierarchy that society has in a criminal prosecution goes through Criminal ́s Law that should effects the application of the principle of proportionality in both faces: the excess prohibition, and the insufficient protection prohibition.


With the use of intact cells aerated 10 hours and cell-free extracts of virulent and avirulent strains of both human and bovine tubercle bacilli, the oxygen consumption has been examined comparatively, adding each of the following substrates; sugars, organic acids and amino acids. The results are as follows: 1) Even after 10 hours aeration, in both of the human and bovine tubercle bacilli (including BCG), high endogenous oxygen consumption is observed, but when made into the cell-free extracts the rate of oxygen consumption of these bacteria decreases to 1/10 to 1/20 of that of the intact cells, thus making it quite easy to study the enzymic activities of bacteria to various substrates. 2) Sugars have very little influence on the oxygen consumption. 3) As for the influence of pyruvate on the oxygen consumption, it is makedly greater in H37Rv strain than H37Ra strain; but no significant difference can be seen between bovine 263 strain and BCG. 4) In the virulent strain, lactate increases the oxygen consumption markedly greater than in avirulent strain. 5) Although citrate increases the oxygen consnmption of BCG, it has no effect on that of other strains. 6) Amino acids have little accelerating effect on the oxygen consumption of bacteria except alnine which shows some effect in the case of H37Ra strain.


Nevirapine given once-daily for the first six, 14, or 28 weeks of life to infants exposed to HIV-1 via breastfeeding reduces transmission through this route compared with single-dose nevirapine at birth or neonatally. A study has been carried out to assess incremental safety and efficacy of extension of such prophylaxis to six months.