The Construction Engineering Department at Zagazig University (ZU) implemented an undergraduate course titled "Construction Project Management (CPM)." This two-semester course has been offered since 1983. The goal of the course is to provide a project-based, practice-oriented opportunity for students to deal with various engineering and management aspects of real-world construction projects. The course involves a mix of laboratory, class discussions, lecture activities, and a term project. Industrial participation has been sought to present real-world projects to students. The term project is carried out by student teams. A real-world project is assigned to each team. Every individual student works on one aspect of the assigned project, while coordinating with the rest of his team. At the end of the term project, each team submits a written report that documents aspects including cost estimating, method of construction, planning and scheduling, resource management, control systems, and other special studies. In addition, each team gives an oral presentation, which is attended and evaluated by practicing engineers and faculty members. The course gives exposure that is very similar to what graduates encounter in a construction/contracting firm. This paper describes the course philosophy and organization.


Equestrian sport in Sweden has a long tradition within the military academy until the end of 1960s, when the equestrian sport became formed by civilians and an increasing number of women began to be educated to riding instructors (Hedenborg, 2009). Today almost 500 riding schools provide education in riding and horse caring and play an important role as a leisure activity, especially among young girls. In Sweden, sport and leisure activities for children are supported by the government and that is why education at riding schools are not exclusively for the wealthy as in many other countries (Forsberg & Tebelius, 2011). Coaching and pedagogics in equestrian sport have traditionally been formed by military commands and instructions, so the aim of this study is to explore riding instructors' experience and perceptions about coaching at riding schools and if there has become a change due to the shift from military to girls. Methods A constructivist grounded theory method have been use to collect and analyzed the data material from interviews with ten riding instructors with more than ten years of experience at their riding school. The constructivist approach of grounded theory is based on the scientists who produce knowledge based on the interpretation of the informants' actions and behavior (Charmaz, 2009). Thus, the result can be seen as an interpreted portrait of the studied world, not an exact picture of it. Results The result shows that the way to perform the lessons and the language are very much the same as the military tradition but the riding instructors considered that there has been a pedagogical change over time. Today they stressed the importance of listening to the pupils and create new activity besides the traditional riding lessons. Discussion This main result is explained by impact of the changing market conditions and increased competition from other sports and interest that the riding instructors adapt their way of coaching. In conclusion this generates a new way of coaching at riding schools with a more individual and social focused form of coaching which shows that there is a development ongoing in Equestrian sport


Enterprises operate in the modern era of growing competition and rapid changes in running a business and are forced to search for effective tools supporting the implementation of the strategy. System of strategic risk, in order to be effective, must comprehensively integrate all issues that may be essential to the economic results of the company. That is why risk should be considered in strategic plans and there shall be created effective instruments for strategic risk reaction. Therefore,
the risk area should be considered in the BSC. Operationalization of the strategy completed by risk and described by appropriate indicators, will correctly orient the concentration of managers on issues relevant to the success of the company. Correctly coordinated actions regarding the reaction to strategic risk should allow them flexibly adapt to the dynamics of changes in the business environment. In the article, the author indicates that enterprises shall increase the focus on strategic
risks that may threaten the future existence of the enterprise and attempted to determine the direction of risk response in perspectives of Balanced Scorecard used in the strategy operationalization.


Abstract The average outgoing quality limit (AOQL) is a major performance evaluation for assuring the quality of product lot. The process mean setting is an important topic for statistical process control. In this paper, the author applies a variable single sampling inspection plan with the AOQL protection on the consumer for determining the optimal process mean and the parameters of sampling plan. The quality characteristic is considered with one-side lower specification limit and it is normally distributed with known standard deviation and unknown mean. The 100% inspection is adopted when the product lot is rejected. The optimum process mean and parameters of inspection plan are simultaneously determined by maximizing the expected total profit per unit under the specified AOQL value. The numerical example and sensitivity analysis of parameters are provided for illustration.


Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is a super-resolution fluorescence microscopy with a 2-fold higher lateral resolution than conventional wide-field fluorescence (WF) microscopy. Confocal fluorescence (CF) microscopy has approximately the same optical cutoff frequency as SIM; however, the maximum theoretical increase in lateral resolution over that of WF is 1.4-fold with an infinitesimal pinhole diameter. Quantitative comparisons based on an analytical imaging formula revealed that modulation transfer functions (MTFs) of SIM reconstructed images before postprocessing are nearly identical to those of CF images recorded with an infinitesimal pinhole diameter. Here, we propose a new method using an adequate pinhole diameter combined with the use of an apodized Fourier inverse filter to increase the lateral resolution of CF images to as much as that SIM images without significant noise degradation in practice. Furthermore, the proposed method does not require a posteriori parameterization and has reproducibility. This approach can be easily applied to conventional laser scanning CF, spinning disk CF, and multiphoton microscopies.


The invention relates to a process for the treatment of a gas stream containing hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and fluorinated/oxygenated compounds, in which the gas stream is successively subjected to: -a stage of catalytic hydrolysis; -a stage of washing with an acid solution; -a stage of adsorption of impurities by active charcoal; -a stage of adiabatic or isothermal absorption of the hydrochloric acid in an aqueous solution, making it possible to collect a hydrochloric acid solution.


The present study deals with the wear behavior of Al-Re alloy/ RHA-Y2O3 hybrid composites. The Aluminum-Rare earth alloy (Al-Re) was used as a matrix to be reinforced with rice husk ash (RHA) and yttrium oxide (Y2O3). The Aluminum-Rare earth matrix alloy (Al-Re alloy) was prepared by melting 4032Al alloy with a standard Mg-Re alloy (AE42 alloy contains cerium and lanthanum) .The desired Al-Re alloy/ RHA-Y2O3 hybrid composites were produced by using two-steps stir casting process by adding RHA: Y2O3 in weight ratios 4:0, 3:1, 2:2, 1:3 and 0:4 to Al-Re alloy such that the total reinforcement is 10wt% . Dry sliding wear, coefficient of friction, hardness, apparent density, percentage of porosity were examined. The prepared hybrid composites were characterized using optical micrograph , SEM and X-ray diffraction. The addition of rare earth element (cerium and lanthanum) increases the hardness and the density and lowers the wear rate by decreasing the porosity in the matrix, refinement of the grains and the formation of intermetallic compounds such as Al3Ce, Al4Ce and La3Al11 in matrix. In general, the wear rates of the composites are lower than alloys especially at 20N.Coefficient of frictionvaries inversely with increasing both applied load and volume fraction of RHA. The Al-Re alloy-Y2O3 composites have minimum wear rate . Al-Re alloy-(RHAY2O3)[3:1] hybrid composites have lower porosity with more grains refinement.


This study proposes a rehabilitation method (emergency retrofitting) to restore the axial compression capacity and shear resistance mechanism of shear-damaged reinforced concrete (RC) columns. For the emergency retrofitting of shear-damaged RC columns, lashing belts comprising a ratchet buckle and aramid fiber belts are used. Initial prestressing of the damaged RC columns is supplied by using lashing belts; therefore, this technique offers both active and passive confinement as well as shear strengthening. The key concept of this approach is to provide active confinement to firmly confine the damaged RC column, thereby uniting these blocks as a confined concrete unit with its vertical and lateral load-carrying capacities restored. To determine the rehabilitation capacity achieved using fiber-belt prestressing, axial compression and cyclic loading tests were conducted.


This article presented the experiment study of dynamic hovering ground effect the helicopter rotor with the 2m rotor test rig.The procedure from test preparation to data process is included.The dynamic aerodynamic load responses to the pitching and rolling motion of a moving ground-plate is investigated within the study,various rotor height and pitching amplitude or rolling angle are applied in the test configration.According to the test result comes out a primary analysis and conclusion.


The restrictions imposed are that the magnetic field is everywhere in the x direction, and that no quantity varies with x, but several interesting instabilities can still occur. After some discussion of objectives, a fluid-like formulation is pursued, in which the pressure anisotropy is retained, but higher moments neglected. It shows a resonance at twice the gyrofrequency, and for electrons the constraint on the time step would be unacceptable, so they should be treated more crudely. Then the dispersion equation shows only two modes, which appear sufficiently harmless for us to proceed to computations.


BACKGROUND/AIMS
Postoperative mortality and morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remain major issues today and we discuss the factors influencing improved patient outcome after PD.

METHODOLOGY
Two hundred and nine patients underwent PD between 2001 and 2010 In our hospital. The first 58 cases between 2001 and 2004 were named Group A and the latter 151 cases between 2005 and 2010 were named Group B. Then, we compared the intraoperative outcomes and postoperative mortality and major morbidities between two groups.

RESULTS
Between 2005 and 2010, the annual volume of PD has been over 20 continuously. In Group A, 58 PDs were performed by five surgeons but in Group B, the main surgeon performed 131 of 151 (86.8%) PDs. The mortality rate in Group A (1.7%) was not different from that in Group B (1.3%). The frequency of patients with all postoperative morbidities in Group B (43.7%) was significantly lower than that in Group A (70.7%) (p=0.00048). The frequencies of DGE and SSI in Group B (8.6%, 23.8%) were significantly lower than those in Group A (25.8%, 37.9%) (p=0.010, p=0.042).

CONCLUSIONS
The increases of surgeon and hospital volume and the change of the mode of PD were factors influencing improved patient outcomes after PD.


A knowledge-based system for interpreting aerial photographs, Picture Query (PQ), first segments an image into primitive, homogeneous regions, then searches among combinations of these to find instances which satisfy definitions of object types. If primary evidence is insufficient, there may be an hypothesis-based search for the supporting evidence of related objects. This secondary search is restricted to windows by expected spatial relations. First instances are improved by searching for overlapping variants having better goodness-of-figure. The process may be repeated using re-estimated parameters of object definitions based on instances found previously. Results are reported for images of suburban neighborhoods, including roads, houses, and their shadows.


This paper presents a robot motion planning method, called PHM that uses a random sampling scheme together with a potential-field approach based on harmonic functions. The combination of both results in an efficient path planner that is both resolution and probabilistic complete. On one hand, random sampling allows the use of the harmonic functions approach without the explicit knowledge of the robot's configuration space. On the other hand, harmonic functions allow an intelligent sampling of configuration space by introducing a bias towards the more promising regions.


An in-depth look at the intense political struggles generated by the rise of an Evangelical party in the l840s and the challenge it posed to the dominant High Church group in the era of the Oxford Movement.


INTRODUCTION Recommendations for the standardisation of cell size analysis are necessary since the use of many different techniques by researchers and manufacturers has led to an inability to compare results. This document describes the general principles. Later documents will deal with the mathematical analysis of the data and the methods of sample preparation. The analysis of cell size distribution curves is an example of the analysis of reference values; the principles and terminology to be used will be those adopted by ICSH and IFCC (ICSH, 1981). Their protocol can be used for a population of reference individuals or a population of measurements on one individual; cell size measurements are an example of the latter.


We present coherent phase modulation detection for laser phase noise measurement via a self-heterodyne technique. Measurements have been performed for DFB and SGDBR lasers to demonstrate the technique. The results show that DFB laser phase noise is well described by the random-walk phase fluctuation while SGDBR has additional frequency fluctuation due to 1/ƒ noise below 100 MHz that significantly broadens the linewidth.


The chromic reaction of chromium(Ⅵ) with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide(DPC) and visible spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of trace Cr(Ⅲ) and Cr(Ⅵ) in water.(NH_4)_2S_2O_8 was used as the oxidant for the oxidation of chromium(Ⅲ) in acid medium.The production of the oxidation reaction of chromium(Ⅲ) was reaction with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide(DPC) and determination by the same method with chromium(Ⅵ).The mixture water sample with trace amount of chromium(Ⅲ) and chromium(Ⅵ) was determination by the suggested method and the results demonstrate that the determination method has a good analytical functions.The conditions of influence the reactions and determination was optimized and discussed,and the simple and reliable determination method for chromium was suggested in this paper.


SN-3003М "Bazalt" is one of highly technological military equipment of Armed Forces of Ukraine. SN-3003М "Bazalt" is a receiver of signals of GPS and GLONASS satellite radionavigational systems. In the paper the technical aspects of this equipment, its combat capabilities exploitation peculiarities aimed at modernization of this system to create the integrated navigational system are highlighted.


Laser wireless power transmission in unmanned aerial vehicle, satellite station and lunar robot power supply has potential application prospect, whose efficiency becomes the key to the application bottleneck. In order to improve the electro-optic conversion efficiency of the transmitter, the spot uniformity and the effective power ratio in window at the receiver, a design scheme of high efficiency diode laser for the transmitter of laser wireless power transmission was proposed. A high power and high efficiency diode laser system was designed, which is based on space combination with high efficiency, what's more, the unevenness of the intensity at the receiving end can be optimized to 0.207, and the power ratio in the effective window is more than 94%. A laser wireless power transmission experimental device was built, whose power is over kilowatt, and the rectangular spot was outputted directly by diode laser system, which is matched with rectangular photovoltaic cell, thus the battery array layout rate was improved. The feature of multi-beam modulation was used to improve uniformity of the intensity, which is beneficial to improve the optic–electro conversion efficiency of battery and simplify the power management at the receiving end. The design and research provide reference for the practical application of laser wireless power transmission.


Abstract— The mechanism of endothelium‐dependent relaxation induced by pirarubicin, (2″R)‐4′‐O‐tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, THP, or carbachol was investigated in the rat isolated aorta. The relaxant effect of THP (1·5 × 10−6‐4·5 × 10−5 m) or carbachol (10−8‐10−4 m) on the aorta with endothelium was decreased by lowering Ca2+ in the medium. The relaxation induced by THP was not inhibited by pretreatment with verapamil (10−6–10−5 m), and that induced by carbachol was only partially inhibited. However, on replacement of all but 20 Mm Na+ with either Li+ or choline, the THP‐ or carbachol‐induced relaxation was inhibited. Furthermore, the relaxing effect of THP or carbachol was inhibited by pretreatment with amiloride (10−4‐3 × 10−4 m), with ouabain (10−4‐10−3 m), or with K+‐depletion. These results suggest that the THP‐ or carbachol‐induced relaxation depending on endothelium was affected by modifying the calcium ion concentration, and that a Na+–Ca2+ exchange process is involved.


Sorption properties of fine-grain mixtures of mineral waste proposed for construction of separation screens in landfill sites have been examined. The removal of heavy metals by the mixtures analysed was evaluated by the static batch method. It was found that they characterize by high ability to remove heavy metals at the level of over 99%, even with high contents of these elements. The sorption parameters have been determined based on the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The alkaline character of some components of mixtures provides stabilization of pH, preventing removal of heavy metals to the environment in response to contact a barrier with acid solutions.


As sedimentary rock,Jiangbei conglomerate is fluvial gravel layer cemented on the ground surface by CaCO_3.The composition and the origin of the cements have been paid much attention to for a long time,but the research work is not profound and there are obvious disagreements in the conclusion.The chemical composition of the conglomerate bedrock,regolith,fluvial soil, groundwater,drip water on riverbanks,river water,matrix of the sandstone and conglomerate is studied.It proves that the content of CaO is up to 30% in the matrix,about 10% in bedrock and soil along the riverbanks,which are three to ten times higher than that in the fluvial sand.The concentrations of Ca~(2+) and HCO~-_3 in groundwater and drip water on riverbanks are about 116mg/L,160mg/L and 412mg/L,436mg/L respectively;about three times of the river water.At the same time,Jiangbei conglomerate's slices analysis also show that there are many calcites in the cements.Therefore we think the cements of Jiangbei conglomerate probably mainly originated from the wide spread Mesozoic bedrock and its weathered mantle along the Chuanjiang riverbanks.


The authors review the tendencies of development of telephone communications of Croatia with European countries which is rather important for the planning of development and introduction of the information systems in the international traffic. The development of telephone communications systems and the introduction of new attractive telecommunications services will give an urge to the future and continued growth of telephone traffic, while an inadequately developed network of systems can have adverse repercussions upon the development of international trade, tourist trade and overall economy and industry.


ABSTRACT The health and integrity of New Zealand's essential coastal marine area is deteriorating, while a fragmented and inadequately implemented statutory framework fails to effectively manage threats to New Zealand's marine environment. In an attempt to respond to these issues, I suggest that legal personhood could be used to support increased environmental protection of marine areas and resources. Drawing on comparative examples from New Zealand and internationally, I consider the recognition of ecosystems as legal persons within regulatory and governance models, and argue that legal personhood could similarly be applied to New Zealand's coastal marine area. If implemented correctly, I argue that legal personhood could, critically, shift the relationship between humans and Nature, thereby elevating the interests of the coastal marine area above those who exploit it, and support more collaborative and holistic environmental management.


Abstract Cosmos++ (Anninos et al. 2005) is one of the first fully relativistic magneto-hydro-dynamical (MHD) codes that can self-consistently account for radiative cooling, in the optically thin regime. As the code combines a total energy conservation formulation with a radiative cooling function, we have now the possibility to produce spectra energy density from these simulations and compare them to data. In this paper, we present preliminary results of spectra calculated using the same cooling functions from 2D Cosmos++ simulations of the accretion flow around Sgr A*. The simulation parameters were designed to roughly reproduce Sgr A*'s behavior at very low (10−8–10−7 M⊙/yr) accretion rate, but only via spectra can we test that this has been achieved.


ABSTRACT This article provides an example of personal reflection and creative expression as a process of sense-making and of questioning how the authors appropriate and negotiate education reform policies. The authors illustrate a form of artistic activism that conflates metaphorical storytelling, scholarly literature, and personal reflections on our roles as educators. They have recreated The Lorax (Seuss, 1971), and in doing so interrogate their roles in the resistance and reproduction of social (in)justice. In this work, an internal ethical conflict emerges, which the authors juxtapose against a vision for socially just schools and pressures from conservative modern reform policy. Finally, the authors discuss critical arts-based reflexivity as an approach to encourage imagination toward the advancement of social justice in schools.


W the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010, health information technology became identified as a strategic focus for improving patient care and lowering health care costs.1 Health care needs are projected to require significant expansion of the informatics workforce.2 A CompTIA workforce study of 1,061 global information technology (IT) managers found that the majority of organizations felt that gaps in IT skill sets significantly affected their business operations.3 Educational programs must provide the training to meet those workforce needs, covering the full range of IT expertise and skill sets required to fill those identified gaps. These programs must be able to provide hands-on training in functioning health care sites to be effective3, and must include components of data quality management, confidentiality and security, and secondary uses of clinical data and information.4 Securing appropriate clinical sites is a challenge for every educational program, but becomes especially difficult when the targeted clinical expertise involves access to protected health information (PHI). George Mason University's College of Health and Human Services has developed a unique and effective approach to providing clinical experiences for health care informatics technology (HIT) students by forming a collaboration between the School of Nursing and the Health Informatics program. This collaboration was piloted in the summer of 2015, and involved three undergraduate Health Informatics students working with the data manager of the Mason and Partner (MAP) clinics. The pilot placement of informatics interns into primary care clinics is an example of ACU COLUMN


We present a simple interface for sketching height- maps of islands. This interface is close to the ideal of a modeless single-tool interface, with all of its major operations being controlled by a single device (pen or single-button mouse). As such is easy to use even for novice users and requires no technical knowledge. (10 pages)


This study examines the architectural practice of Edward Cullinan Architects, known for its high principled, user-oriented design philosophy. Since 1974, the firm has completed a significant number of buildings for selective clients, such as Olivetti and the National Trust. Since 1989, they have also been invited to carry out major projects throughout Europe, Japan and the USA, including Technical High School, Lagny, France; D'Hautree Secondary School, Jersey; Ambassador's Residence, Moscow; and The University of North Carolina Campus, USA. Powell presents a critical analysis of over 30 projects covering a wide range of domestic, commercial and academic buildings. Texts written by Edward Cullinan are also included.


In designing a ship, offset data or lines plan drawing is the most important information about the ship, since the ship's performance is derived from such data or drawing. Normally, traditional boats are built without involving proper ship drawings. Therefore, these boats' performance analysis is difficult without the line drawing. This paper presents a study on boat measurement using photogrammetry technique. The main objective of this study is to develop and test photogrammetry method to obtain the best hull form of a small boat. Initially, the method was tested on small fishing boat model having a length of 2.5 m to assess its accuracy. Once the method reliability had been verified, a more comprehensive method was developed and applied to an actual fishing boat having length of 3.55 m. In this study, Digital Single Lens Reflex camera was used to obtain the threedimensional (3D) coordinate from captured two-dimensional (2D) photograph. Circular retro reflection target tape was used in this study to mark the boat hull according to line of station and buttock line as the referencing purpose. Australis 6.0.6 software was used for image processing to obtain X, Y and Z coordinates of retro reflection target and transferring those coordinates into Maxsurf naval architecture software. The result obtained indicated that the method developed was able to obtain the lines plan of the boat. However, some factors still need to be considered to improve the accuracy of the measurement.


The senior tourists market has recently gained more and more attention from tourism suppliers due to its high potential for market expansion. The phenomenon of an aging society has been taking place in many leading industrial nations around the world, including Japan. The senior Japanese tourist market should be studied more in-depth for a vast number of reasons. This article recommends that Thailand should explore this as yet untapped and high potential tourism niche market for the benefit of Thailand's entire tourism industry. Keyword:  Japanese senior tourists, untapped potential


This research aims to determine the enhancement of problem solving abilities and natural disaster preparedness after implement learning with a physics learning media based on android integrated earthquake disaster education. This research uses a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posstest. The subjects in this research were students of class X MIA 3 of SMA Negeri 1 Depok. This research data was collected through essay tests consisting of 4 items pretest and posttest and natural disaster preparedness questionnaire. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and used N-gain to find out the enhancement of students' problem solving abilities and natural disaster preparedness. The results using N-gain analysis showed that the enhancement of problem solving ability for class X MIA 3 had a value of 0.57 in the medium category while the increase in natural disaster preparedness for class X MIA 3 had a value of 0.05 with the low category.


Objective: To describe the use of lubiprostone for constipation in 3 adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). Case Summary: This case series describes the use of lubiprostone for the treatment of constipation in 3 adutts with CF (mean ± SD length of therapy 17.3 ± 1.5 mo). All 3 patients were prescribed lubiprostone 24 μg twice daily after hospitalization for treatment of intestinal obstruction. Patient 1 continues on chronic polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 and lubiprostone and has not had a recurrence of obstruction. Patient 2 requires aggressive chronic therapy with PEG 3350, lubiprostone, and methylnaltrexone. She has had 1 recurrence of obstruction. Patient 3 continues with lubiprostone taken several times per week with good control of constipation and no recurrence of obstruction to date. The adverse effect profile has been tolerable in all 3 patients. Discussion: CF is caused by a genetic mutation resulting in a dysfunctional or absent CF transmembrane conductance regulator that normally functions as a chloride channel. This results in viscous secretions in multiple organ systems including the lungs and intestinal tract. Accumulation of viscous intestinal contents contributes to constipation, which is common among adults with CF and can sometimes lead to intestinal obstruction. Lubiprostone is indicated for chronic constipation and works by activating type 2 chloride channels (CIC-2) in the intestinal tract. Because it utilizes an alternate chloride channel, lubiprostone may be especially effective for constipation in patients with CF. Conclusions: Lubiprostone provides an additional option for the treatment of constipation in adults with CF. Its use in the CF population deserves further study.


Abstract The Primary Triangulation did not cover completely the eastern end of the Island and it was required to carry the net out to the coastline in this region. Two additional primary stations have now been selected to admit of this extension. The lines straddle the John Crow mountains, which were one of the great obstacles at this end, and one point is actually on the lighthouse t at the eastern extremity of Jamaica. Since observations are needed from one side only of the lighthouse, we have put a special bracket on the balustrade of the lantern gallery to support the theodolite; the beacon is plumbed upside down below this. I enclose three photographs to illustrate it.


Introduction: Specific hemodynamic optimization strategies have not been clearly described nor defined for post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Hypothesis: Patients who suffer worse neurologic outcomes will have more significant hemodynamic derangements in the early hours post-arrest than those with good neurologic outcome. Methods: This is a collaborative study amongst 4 centers with aggressive TH protocols (BID, Penn, Pitt, VCU). It is a secondary analysis from prospectively collected data of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who underwent TH. The primary outcome is neurologic status at hospital discharge measured as cerebral performance category (CPC), dichotomized into "good" (1 or 2) or "poor" (3, 4, or 5). Demographic information, initial rhythm and co-morbid conditions were obtained. Study variables were abstracted at baseline, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. Variables recorded were systolic blood pressure (SBP) at baseline; MAP at each time point; wors...


classes are meant to define properties of a particular entity without allowing the user to directly instantiate the entity [76]. The rationale behind using abstract classes is to introduce reusability of elements and reduce redundancy of attributes and other features. Umple supports 'abstract' classes by allowing the use to declare any Umple class as 'abstract'.


Application of rhymes in poetry does not conform to the rules for it is often influenced by the sounds of the actual speeches in a particular period of time and a particular region. Wei Zhuang and Huang Wo's poems to a degree give people a picture of the phonetic features of the north dialects of the late Tang Dynasty. Their poems include rhymes of the third rising tone and forth falling tone, rhyming deviants as well as borrowed rhymes like assimilated rhymes of "dong" and "zhong" and the universal rhyming of "zhi" vs. "wei", "han" vs. "huan" and "yuan". Based on a study of the actual use of rhymes in their poems, a conclusion is drawn that their rhymes comprise 18 volumes of easy verses and 8 volumes of pressing tone verses.


The article considers the performance of 'Cracking the Crinoline' in public spaces by the Moving Memory Dance Theatre Company - the positives and potential pitfalls.


The paper analyzes philosophical and philosophical and legal approaches to the definition of such concepts as ontology of law and existence of law in the history of world legal thought. The author has elucidated the views on the ontology of law in the history of the Ancient World, Middle Ages, New and Modern Times. Thus, the doctrine of existence was central to the philosophical and legal constructions of Antiquity. In the Middle Ages, ontology was associated only with God, in the era of modern times the existence of law, depending on the philosophical and legal doctrine, was defined as an absolute idea, as a manifestation of the will of the State, as rights of the individual, or as the Divine Providence. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of various approaches to the definition of the content of ontology (existence) of law in economic law as a new innovative component of the Russian system of law in the era of an information society. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of ontology of law in natural legal and positivistic doctrines of legal understanding, the general and special features of the content of ontology of law in philosophical and legal doctrines of the past. The 19th-20th centuries witnessed the development of a "new philosophy" focused on scientific and technological progress creating a new economic reality, when the existence of law is presented as an object of ontology in the unity of interpretations of the objective and subjective giving the opportunity to know the reality in its various hypostasis. The legal environment as a subject matter of the philosophy of law at the present stage of development of the digital economy focuses primarily on propaedeutics and characterization of property rights as a necessary condition of the development of modern society. The author has come to a reasonable conclusion that in the framework of the Russian ontology of law it is necessary to apply a converging approach in order to strengthen social orientation of the Russian economy with due regard to integrative legal understanding.


The construction of highly qualified teaching staff plays a pivotal role in enhancing the development of education. There were two reports released in the summit meeting of international teaching specialists held by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), one being How to build a highly-qualified teaching staff: an international experience and the other, Teacher's education and growth to school leaders of 21th century: an international experience, which focus attention on the growth of teachers and introduce some significant experience from developed countries, offering valuable reference to us in this field.


In the rather crowded Ž eld of undergraduate textbooks on economic development, Van den Berg differentiates his product by seeking to cover '. . . familiar topics . . . from the perspective of growth theory . . .' and by presenting '. . . a long awaited synthesis of development economics and growth theory'. Not surprisingly, the word 'growth' appears in the headings of all but one of the 15 chapters. With its scope so emphatically deŽ ned, the book is divided into Ž ve parts – an introductory, historical perspective; a comprehensive treatment of several growth models, especially Solow's model and its statistical testing; extensions of these models to questions of population increase, the role of Ž nancial markets, and globalization; a discussion of the part played by human capital and different institutions; and, Ž nally, a look at the familiar controversies about the costs of, and limits to, economic growth. Many of the original contributions in this area have been highly mathematical, and Van den Berg takes extra care to present graphs and verbal descriptions in the text, relegating more technical material to the appendices. This is a wise choice, common to most of the established textbooks in this Ž eld, which makes the material less daunting and more accessible. Within each part, the coverage is quite comprehensive, progressing logically from the earliest to the latest, interspersed with relevant case studies and useful summaries, and concluding with suggestions for further reading and references to Internet resources. The Ž rst two chapters of the book are devoted to history – a summary of the main developments during the past 200 years – along with an introduction to the basic concepts and data. This is where the author argues that the Ž elds of development economics and growth theory deal with exactly the same issues, and a synthesis between them is emerging (p. 24). The next four chapters present a lucid description of the principal growth models, from Adam Smith to Harrod-Domar – with Malthus and Schumpeter along the way – in Chapter 3, the Solow Model and related empirical work in J. Int. Trade & Economic Development 11:1 99–104


In order to screen germplasm resources of cucumber with low pesticide residue content,28 cucumber germplasm resources were used as materials.Three kinds of pesticides propamocarb,deltamethrin and myclobutanil were sprayed on plants of 28 cucumber resources.The fruits pesticide residue content was measured and analyzed by gas chromatography.It had been screened three,eight and six cucumber germplasm resources with low residue contents of propamocarb,deltamethrin and myclobutanil,respectively.


The theoretical foundations of Sufism, as well as spiritual and psychological exercises, methods of selfimprovement tempering were developed at the beginning of the IX century. By the same period, the concepts of tariqah, ma'rifah, and haqiqah were formed, based on which a special system of views of tasawwuf was created. One of the main features of tasawwuf is that it is not limited to theoretical knowledge and principles applied in practical life with the help of tarikahs. This trend, called tasawwuf in theory, is called tariqah in practice. Tasawwuf originally comes from an ascetic movement that emphasized practice. Sufis believe that theoretical knowledge alone is not enough to understand Sufi issues. In their opinion, through dhikr, mujahadah, and riyadah, the soul gains purity, which makes it possible to comprehend these issues. The article lists the stages and degrees of spiritual development, the paths that must be passed to comprehend the Creator.


This chapter examines ancient Kushite perceptions and uses of the past that are featured in the corpus of royal inscriptions from the Second Kingdom of Kush, also known as the Napatan era (ca. 10th–3rd centuries bce), and it compares that corpus to previously published definitions of history as a genre. While most of the Kushite texts are retrospective in outlook, they also exhibit several features that differentiate them from paradigmatic Western examples of historical writing such as the accounts of Hecataeus of Miletus, Herodotus, and Thucydides. As a result, Kush is often portrayed as a prehistoric or ahistoric society in both scholarly and more popular literature. Nevertheless, the royal inscriptions of the Second Kingdom display at least four characteristics that are commonly associated with the writing of history: (1) commemoration of abrupt change; (2) explanation of human causality; (3) investigation of source material; and (4) presentation to a broad audience.


Calculations of the electronic structure, geometry and electronic spectra of Roussin's red salt dianion (RRS) and Roussin's red diester (RRE) were carried out with the RB3LYP and UB3LYP methods. The electronic structure emerging from these calculations may be described as composed of two {Fe(NO)2}9 units, in which ferric ion (S
 = 5/2) is antiferromagnetically coupled to two NO− ligands (each with S
 = 1), giving S
 = 1/2; the units are antiferromagnetically coupled to each other yielding a total S
 = 0. The S2− bridges (in RRS) or SR− bridges (RRE) mediate the antiferromagnetic coupling. The character of the frontier orbitals controls the dinuclear species' reactivity, which is initiated by electrophilic attack on S-localized HOMO orbitals (RRS) or nucleophilic attack on the Fe–S antibonding LUMO orbital (RRE). The contrasting susceptibility to electrophilic/nucleophilic attack is also assisted by the sulfur charge, which is negative in RRS and positive in RRE. The calculated spectra of RRS and RRE show substantial resemblance to the experimental spectra. The calculated transitions are mainly of charge transfer character: At long wavelengths they are described as π*NO
 → d (LMCT), at short wavelengths (below 250 nm) the most intense transitions are d →
 π*NO
 (MLCT). In the middle part of the spectra both types of transitions are present. Some contribution of sulfur to the transitions throughout the whole spectrum is observed. The π*NO
 → d transitions are assumed to be responsible for the photochemical reactivity of both compounds, which is initiated by photodissociation of the NO group.


Education is increasingly seen by governments as a major contributor to national wealth and economic development. In addition, the increasingly competitive external environment has called for continuous improvement of countries' quality assurance standards and international criterion of their education systems. In order to maintain global relevance, internationalisation of both teaching and research have become critical objectives for most tertiary institutions. The shape of things to come details the impact of demographic and economic drivers on the changing higher education landscape in the next decade. It aims to identify the most significant emerging markets for international students and the fastest growing education systems, as well as predicting which countries' systems will be most open for international collaboration in teaching and research. The tertiary education sector has seen a massive expansion over the past decades. It generates significant and multiple direct, indirect and catalytic economic impacts (e.g. human capital, research, innovation and trade promotion) which result in wellestablished benefits pertaining to both individuals and wider economies.


High quality thin films of oxygen-depleted YBa2Cu3Ox (x≈6.6) were prepared by pulsed-laser deposition on SrTiO3, substrates that were cut with tilt angles of 10° and 20° with respect to the [001] direction, resulting in a steplike growth of the layers. The resistance showed a semiconducting behavior along the projection of the c axis to the film surface, but a metallic behavior in the perpendicular direction, indicating that the former is dominated by the c-axis resistivity and the latter by the ab-plane resistivity of YBa2Cu3Ox. Long-term illumination of the samples with a 100 W halogen lamp resulted in a significant conductivity enhancement in both directions. The photoinduced change of the out-of-plane resistance vs temperature characteristics is comparable to the effect of large hydrostatic pressure, introducing structural changes similar to that of photoexcitation.


Vessel operators are cracking the code on LNG bunkering at US ports, reports John Gallagher. Sidebars: LNG heading for Jaxport? -- MarAd funding LNG schemes.


Achieving sustainable water resources management objectives can work in tandem with poverty reduction efforts. This study evidenced the strong social hydrological linkages that exist in Cambodia, which allowed for presenting a broader understanding of water resources challenges to better formulate and connect policies at the local and national levels. Models are often not developed with household- or community-level input, but rather with national- or coarse-level datasets. The method used in this study consisted of linking qualitative and quantitative social analysis with a previously developed technical water planning model. The results from the social inequalities analysis were examined for three water use types: domestic, rice production, and fishing in three parts of the watershed, namely, upstream, midstream, and downstream. Knowledge generated from the social analysis was used to refine previous water planning modeling. The model results indicate that without household data to consider social inequalities, the technical analysis for the Stung Chinit watershed was largely underrepresenting the shortages in irrigation supply seen by groups in the most downstream sections of the irrigation system. Without adding social considerations into the model, new policies or water infrastructure development suggested by the model could reinforce existing inequalities.


The primary purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among vulnerability, self-transcendence, and well-being in Japanese hospitalized elders. With their declining functional health and diminishing social network, elderly people are considered as a vulnerable population, which require special care and attention in the field of nursing. Self-Transcendence is identified as one of the developmental resources that promote well-being in later adulthood during increased vulnerability; however, applicability of the concept of self-transcendence as well as its theory has never been tested in Japanese population. Thus, the current study specifically tested and refined a theoretical model of self-transcendence in Japanese elders. In this study, a nonexperimental descriptive design was used to examine relationships among the variables. A total of 105 elderly patients were recruited from 4 hospitals in Sapporo, Japan. The respondents' level of vulnerability was assessed by three aspects: vulnerability in health status, vulnerability in resource availability, and past vulnerable experience. Well-being was examined from the level of depression and life satisfaction. Besides psychosocial self-transcendence, spiritual self-transcendence from Japanese perspective was conceptualized and evaluated. Reliability testing provided adequate supports for all the study instruments. Findings of multiple regression analyses indicated mediating effects of psychosocial selftranscendence on the relationship between vulnerability in resource availability and wellbeing variables. Psychosocial self-transcendence also demonstrated direct effects on wellbeing. Spiritual self-transcendence did not show any mediating and moderating effect in


Objective:To explore the nursing measures for patients with esophageal stenosis or esophageal fistula treated by esophageal stent implantation.Methods:Esophageal stent placement was performed on 23 cases of esophageal stenosis or esophagus fistula.Before operation,comprehensive and meticulous preparations were made;during operation,accurate and swift support was provided;after operation,the patients were rightly positioned and given proper instructions about diet,prevention and handling of complications and matters after being discharged.Results:The dysphagia of 11 patients with esophageal stenosis were obviously improved and could take food by mouth.The esophagus fistulas in other 11 cases were sealed up and they could take food without choking in the procedure.Conclusions:The operation of esophageal stent placement can eliminate the dysphagia of patients with esophageal carcinoma complicated with esophageal stenosis or fistula and improve their life quality.Proper nursing may decrease the complication and enhance the therapeutic efficacy.


This paper applies intellectual capital analysis to a football club's organisational identity and performance. Through the application of a holistic approach to the organisational analysis of a football club, we build an intellectual capital map of its value-creating intangible resources, such as player talent, fan base, club athletic performance and so forth. Proceeding beyond the quantifying norms of accounting standards on the intangibles, we construct the Football Organisation Nexus Index (FOrNeX), a decision-making instrument based on a multidimensional approach to a football club's organisational performance.


The document reports the development of a .NET application that aims to monitor vessels via satellite using a Geographic Information System (GIS). First, as the application needs do be developed in Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) and having GIS as its main component, a previous research was carried out on the GIS topic and after that, several GIS controls were also researched, obtaining their respective functionalities, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, a research was also carried out on the type of system that the application will be (Vessel Monitoring System) and the existing softwares that have the same type of system and also present its functionalities. Secondly, there was also a survey on WPF, shapefiles, Web Map Service and a brief survey on the Global Positioning System (GPS). After the researches carried out, it was possible to present the best GIS that fulfilled all the company's criteria for the development of the application (accessible API, GIS without a license or with a single value, edit the map (draw points, lines and polygons), developed in WPF, support shapefiles and WMS). Then, the code was implemented so that the application met the criteria and tests were carried out with the objective that the implementation developed met all the criteria. Finally, it can be said that the application fulfills all the require-ments imposed by the company and after feedback from the company and some colleagues it can be concluded that the Application Programming Interface (API) of the application is accessible as intended.


We study the two-action problem in the exponential distribution via empirical Bayes (EB) approach and present an EB test under the condition that the past samples are randomly censored from the right. Diering from the method used in the paper [4], we prove that the EB test possesses a rate of convergence which can be arbitrarily close to O(n 1+ ) under some suitable conditions, where > 0 can be small


In this paper, a poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL)-based shape memory polyurethane fiber was prepared by melt spinning. The shape memory switching temperature was the melting transition temperature of the soft segment phase mainly composed of PCL at 47°C. The mechanical properties especially shape memory effect were explicitly characterized by thermomechanical cyclic tensile testing. The results suggest that the prepared fiber has shape memory effects. The prepared 40 denier shape memory fiber had a tenacity of about 1.0 cN/dtex, and strain at break 562–660%. The shape fixity ratio reached 84% and the recovery ratio reached 95% under drawing at high temperature and thermal recovery testing.1 Finally, the fiber thermal/mechanical properties were measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Although the fact that there is an underlying organic basis for mental dysfunctions in extrapyramidal diseases may, in itself, not be an entirely new concept (see also Hassler and Christ, 1984; Wolters and Scheltens, 1994), it does merit more attention and every 'extrapyramidal-minded' neurologist, neuropsychologist and psychiatrist will, no doubt, welcome the publication of the book Behavioural Neurology of Movement Disorders. The role of the basal ganglia in the regulation of movement is undisputed and for a normal functioning of these nuclei an adequate level of striatal dopamine is essential. Severe motor deficits may be seen following preand/or postsynaptic dopaminergic dysfunction, for instance, in the case of deficient endogenous dopamine production or deficient dopaminergic receptor functioning. However, it has also been recognized that signs of mental dysfunction may occur, even in the earlier stages of these functional disturbances. The symptoms vary from subtle cognitive defects to dementia and from depressive states to psychosis, as carefully documented in this book under review. Current concepts concerning the function of the basal ganglia in behaviour are reviewed in the first chapters of this book by Saint-Cyr and Dubois with their co-workers. Because these chapters deal so adequately with the views on the underlying mechanisms (and this is indeed the main theme of the book) I would endeavour to reproduce this in a shortened version. Basal ganglia were initially thought to adjust pure motor control via an extrapyramidal system which ran to the brainstem and spinal executive motor system, parallel to the pyramidal system. It was largely due to the work of Denny-Brown that it became evident that the basal ganglia do not only fulfil a motor function, but are also responsible for the so-called internally driven motor strategies, in contrast to the rather externally/environmentally driven pure motor responses, as generated by the (pre)motor cortical areas. The behavioural domains of the basal ganglia can be defined to include the formulation of all motor response strategies. The striatum is involved in specific processes: initiation of behavioural programmes, mental activation, maintenance of external strategies for problem solving, retrieval of explicit information, activation of skills and acquisition of new procedures.


During the launching phase, satellites are un doubtedly faced to severe mechanical environment, which appears to be one of the most critical issues to cop e with. To protect the onboard mechanisms during these critical phases, one solution is to uncouple them from the structure thanks to passive dampers based on elastomeric materials. The mechanical behavior of these isolators can be compared with a m echanical filter which limits the random and shock levels transmitted to the mechanisms. A second interest of these rubber dampers can be found during the mission too. Indeed, they can be used to reduce the propagation of the micro-vibrations coming from mechanisms to the structure, and so to limit th e disturbances of the onboard instrument. That is wh y this solution was i mplemented inside the EXPERT reentry vehicle. New elastom eric dampers were designed under Thales Alenia Space contract to decouple four equipments: The Inertial Moment Unit (IMU), the power subsystem (PCDU), the data handling unit (DHU) and the Beacon. The aim is to protect them from the dynamical environment met during the launch and during the reentry phase too. To get there, viscoelastic dampers are base d on S mactane SP rubbe r and coupled with the using of visco-constraint layers for the IMU particular case. The technical trade-off and design issue which has led to the final designs will be presented in parallel with the constraints in term of mass, size and tra nsfer function performances. Main results o btained with the qualification and flight models will b e given. The no linear behavior of rubber parts will be demonstrated by comparing the performances under shock levels with the performances under random levels too. But finally main guidelines will be gi ven to take i nto account the difficulties linked to the rubber materials.


THE MOUSE bpk MUTATION, A MODEL OF AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (ARPKD) and jcpk , A PHENOTYPICALLY DISTINCT PKD MUTATION, ARE ALLELIC. • 2151


In this work, we generate optical vortices from the supercontinuum output of an ultrafast laser interacting with a micro-structured fiber. Using a segmented spatial light modulator, multiple vortices are designed and dynamically generated and shifted in order to observe their superposition in the image plane. It is shown that single-color patterns of exquisite complexity can be generated across a wide frequency range. Multi-color interference patterns are experimentally generated and compared to the results of computer simulations. Multiple vortices of varying colors are also generated and independently controlled, demonstrating that no spatial interference occurs. Experimental results are compared with theoretical and numerical simulations, showing excellent agreement.


The article pursues various forms of transnationalism as represented by and in sport arenas, both in contemporary and historical contexts. The major theoretical-critical aim is to make the concept of transnationalism more precise and therefore analytically useful. Transnationalism is distinguished not only from globalization and its derivates, but also and especially from what is simply international. The tension in the transnational is between two (rarely more) felt or expressed alternative nationally defined belongings or identities, while in the international the tension is between national and extra-national settings. Therefore nationalism plays an important and indispensable role in the constitution of transnational situation and experience. Empirically, examples are taken from various sports but football is the primary point of reference. In order to account sociologically for transnational experience (not only in sport), both historical and phenomenological perspectives are employed and called for. Transnational experience is put into the context of international sport migration in the increasingly interconnected globalized world. Thereby the role of fandom in constituting transnational situations and generating transnational experience becomes more accentuated than in most contemporary writings on sport transnationalism.


Whilst the concept of reflective learning has been extensively studied in the classroom, its role in business settings has not been the subject of significant research. This paper presents the outcomes of a small research study which focused on reflective learning and its application in a small organization. The main aim of the research was to ascertain the extent to which clerical workers were engaged in reflective learning while on the job and to outline the implications of this occurrence for small business management. A modified version of Valli's reflective typology was used to guide the research and to aid in achieving the aim. The main research instrument was a comprehensive questionnaire. The findings indicate that clerical staff at the University College predominantly engaged in reflection-on-action, reflection-in-action and personalistic reflective learning on the job. The implications of this occurrence for workplace learning, management and greater organizational efficiencies are discussed.


In many practical devices such as gas turbines and internal combustion engines, liquid fuel is injected as a spray and mixed with oxidizer as it vaporizes, so that combustion takes place in a partially-premixed regime. While partially-premixed flame propagation has been the subject of extensive experimental investigations (Su 2000; Muniz & Mungal 1997), its numerical simulation remains a challenging task. The mechanisms by which turbulence, chemical reactions, and heat release interact are still under investigation. Results by Veynante (1994) suggest the importance of premixed flame propagation in the process of flame stabilization. While DNS of turbulent premixed flames using realistic chemistry is still restricted to very simple geometries, classical RANS modeling of reacting flows is often considered to lack precision, especially when highly-unsteady problems are considered. Different methods have been suggested to model turbulent premixed combustion in LES (Colin 2000; Kim & Menon 2000; Duchamp de Lageneste & Pitsch 2000). An approach based on a mixed level-set/diffusion-flamelet library applicable to premixed and partially-premixed combustion has been derived by Peters (1999) for RANS and validated by Herrmann (2000) showing good agreement with experimental data. Beside the fact that this method does not require solving any additional species transport equations or explicit modeling of chemical reaction rates, it also allows the use of arbitrarily complex chemistry without leading to prohibitive computational requirements. The work presented here focuses on the implementation and validation of a similar approach in the LES context. First, the governing equations to be solved are presented together with the sub-grid models used, including an improved model for the turbulent burning velocity. Then we discuss the application of this approach to two different test cases; a turbulent Bunsen flame (Aachen flame F3, (Chen 1996) and a lean, partially-premixed dump combustor, the so-called ORACLES geometry described in Besson (1999a) and Besson (1999b).


Five state-of-the-art, production refrigerators from different manufacturers in India were subjected to a variety of appliance rating and performance evaluation test procedures in an engineering laboratory. Cabinet heat loss, compressor calorimeter, high-ambient pull-down, and closed-door energy consumption tests were performed on each unit to assess the current status of commercially available Indian refrigerators and refrigerator component efficiencies. Daily energy consumption tests were performed at nominal line voltages and at 85% and 115% of nominal voltage to assess the effect of grid voltage variations. These test results were also used to indicate opportunities for effective improvements in energy efficiency. A widely distributed ``generic`` computer model capable of simulating single-door refrigerators with a small interior freezer section was used to estimate cabinet heat loss rates and closed door energy consumption values from basic cabinet and refrigeration circuit inputs. This work helped verify the model`s accuracy and potential value as a tool for evaluating the energy impact of proposed design options. Significant differences ranging from 30 to 90% were seen in the measured performance criterion for these ``comparable`` refrigerators suggesting opportunities for improvements in individual product designs. Modeled cabinet heat loadings differed from experimentally extrapolated values in a range from 2--29%, and daily energy consumption values estimated by the model differed from laboratory data by as little as 3% or as much as 25%, which indicates that refinement of the model may be needed for this single-door refrigerator type. Additional comparisons of experimentally measured performance criteria such as % compressor run times and compressor cycling rates to modeled results are given. The computer model is used to evaluate the energy saving impact of several modest changes to the basic Indian refrigerator design.


Appetency means "an ability of attraction and affinity among people". Its essence is an emotion of truly love. Children's development, family and school teaching are very important factors. Only by means of appetency which parents and teachers have, can they make better person's relationship with children, inspire them for better life and happier learning, and finally be good for their healthy development of body and mind.


The electrochemical behavior of 9-fluorenone in acetonitrile / tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEA BF 4 ) solutions has been explored by additions of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIm BF 4 ) and the proton donor 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP). The effect of EMIm BF 4 addition was found to be consistent with complexation of the dianion of 9-fluorenone by the EMIm cation, causing a positive shift of the second reduction process. Addition of HFIP as proton donor, on the other hand, caused the formation of a single reduction process near the first fluorenone reduction process.


Ann Taylor Allen, The Transatlantic Kindergarten: Education and Women's Movements in Germany and the United States New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. Pp. 292. ISBN: 9780190274436 Natasha Anderson If it takes a village to raise a child, then it required a transnational village to create the kindergarten. In The Transatlantic Kindergarten, Ann Taylor Allen traces the development and dissemination of the kindergarten as an institution shaped by transnationality. In a book both enlightening...


The following project is intended to be used as a study guide for students and teachers in the area of Electronic Engineering at the University Polytechnic Salesian Sede Quito-Campus sur, taking into account that in the Control Theory laboratory it has a process training platform continuous, which allows the practical development at an industrial level with the control of the three variables that said platform allows to control being (level, temperature, flow), which has actuators and sensors, where it is necessary to perform calibration tests and correct operation of the instruments, which allow to develop any type of control or controls at the same time to make performance comparisons from errors obtained with the performance indexes with the performance criteria required for the project being IAE(ntegral of the absolute value of error), ITAE(Integral square error),ISE(Integral of the absolute value of the time-weighted error) and determine the most efficient one through energy using the Wilcoxon test.
From the data obtained in each previous project developed in the training platform of continuous processes is a lot of academic help which allows to expand the knowledge of different types of controllers made or to be performed.


Decomposable Markov decision processes (MDPs) are problems where the stochastic system can be decomposed into multiple individual components. Although such MDPs arise naturally in many practical applications, they are often difficult to solve exactly due to the enormous size of the state space of the complete system, which grows exponentially with the number of components. In this paper, we propose an approximate solution approach to decomposable MDPs that is based on re-solving a fluid linear optimization formulation of the problem at each decision epoch. This formulation tractably approximates the problem by modeling transition behavior at the level of the individual components rather than the complete system. We prove that our fluid formulation provides a tighter bound on the optimal value function than three state-of-the-art formulations: the approximate linear optimization formulation, the classical Lagrangian relaxation formulation, and a novel, alternate Lagrangian relaxation that is based on relax...


The utility model relates to a whole line protection and automatic temperature controlled electric blanket. When the user gets heat in winter, the user can adjust the temperature gear according to the needs, and the electric blanket has automatic constancy of temperature. When the local folding of the electric blanket occurs due to the abnormal operation of the user or the local pressure is overweight, or when the local or the entire temperature of the electric blanket is over high caused by a plurality of layers folded, the electric blanket can automatically output the current to prevent the electric blanket from the fire because of the over temperature. When the abnormal operation is eliminated, the electric blanket can renew the normal operation under the general condition.


In this paper, we propose a fair allocation scheduling algorithm using linear programming, where resource allocation is a function of dynamic queue-sizes of heterogeneous traffic classes and delays of the projected traffic categories. The delay is managed in a manner that the delay-sensitive traffic will be given priority over the delay-tolerant traffic, while still meeting the delay bound and maximum queue size. In this way, the algorithm provides guaranteed QoS to multiple traffic classes. Performance analysis of the algorithm has shown that the proposed packet scheduling scheme achieves significantly better performance compared to other schemes.


The paper reports on the first find of several minerals of Zeolite group in Karadag – heulandite-Na, clinoptilolite-Са, clinoptilolite-Na, stellerite, stilbite-Na, erionite-Ca, erionite-Na. The above minerals were identified by microprobe analysis, X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Data on their morphology, chemical composition and paragenesis are given.


This paper introduces the principle, data format and block diagram of a TDD TDM terminal equipment which is developed for wireless communications.


This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in numerical wave propagation analysis. The main focus in that regard is on guided wave-based structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. A brief introduction to SHM and SHM-related problems is given, and various numerical methods are then discussed and assessed with respect to their capability of simulating guided wave propagation phenomena. A detailed evaluation of the following
methods is compiled: (i) analytical methods, (ii) semi-analytical methods, (iii) the local interaction simulation approach (LISA), (iv) finite element methods (FEMs), and (v) miscellaneous methods such as mass–spring lattice models (MSLMs), boundary element methods (BEMs), and fictitious domain methods. In the framework of the FEM, both time and frequency domain approaches are covered, and the advantages of using high order shape functions are also examined.


There has been a growing concern among the general public over the moving of peasants' plough usufruct. This paper tries to make a breakthrough to both the system and practical operation, expecting peasants can obtain the real benefit from this action.


SUMMARY Good and responsible governance for state land is essential, but relies of capable staff with the technical knowledge to manage land effectively. In New Zealand, changes in government provision of services have lead to knowledge being held by only a few people, and few ways of transferring that knowledge to others. However, there is little formal development of skills and capability in state land management and it is difficult to gain that knowledge except through years of experience. There are also a range of future developments in the way land is managed that could change the skills and capability needed. Government agencies such as Land Information New Zealand face a range of challenges in training staff and keeping knowledge so that state land can be managed effectively. New skills, such as commercial expertise are required. Capability in state land management is gaining greater recognition. This work is ongoing, but is already starting to deliver results. Staff members are tasked with recording and distributing knowledge to their peers, and working with other government agencies. Continuing professional development is being better recognized and there is a greater use of online tools to share knowledge across government and with the public. Planning to replace knowledgeable staff is vital. Also, the development of capability for state land management cannot be done on an ad hoc basis. Education and sharing knowledge between individuals, organisations and with the wider community has to become part of the everyday work of a state land manager. There is a need to be proactive, by championing the state land profession widely and persuading staff who hold the knowledge to capture and pass it on. Tackling this problem in a defined and structured way is required to ensure that the professional and commercial skills necessary are available in to the future.


According to group research, group members often fail to consider critical unique information in a group decision-making setting because of their motivated information-processing behavior. Given the complexity of experimental designs to investigate the problem, agent-based modeling can provide hypotheses that can work as theoretical guidance for future research. The purpose of this paper is to identify human motivations and biases in group information processing relevant to modeling the group decision-making process, and to develop a conceptual framework of a computational model. In this paper, we reviewed the group information-processing literature to identify commonly observed human motivations and biases in information processing. Specifically, we provided an integrated framework by combining the hidden profile model, the motivated information-processing model, and the information asymmetries model. Finally, we provided a design of agents for future modeling of group processes, which uses empirical findings from the literature as the fundamental assumptions about agent behavior.


Abstract The molluscan family Argonautidae is recorded for the first time from the Kapitean Stage of New Zealand. The single specimen is tentatively identified as a juvenile of Izumonauta lata Kobayashi, 1954, a name proposed for a unique shell from the Miocene of Japan.


Prisons have long been used as a testing ground for social theory. This article explores the applicability of state‐centered theories of revolution to the phenomena of prison riots. Prison riots are found to have numerous features in common with revolutions, including prior administrative crises, elite (guard) alienation and divisions, and a widespread popular (prisoner) sense of injustice and grievances regarding (prison) administration actions (not just toward imprisonment per se). The state‐centered theory provides a better "fit" to prison riots than current functionalist, rising expectation, or management theories.


Hemophilia A is the most common hereditary coagulation disorder, affecting 1/5000 males born live. In approximately 25% to 30% of patients with hemophilia A and in approximately 1% to 3% of the patients with hemophilia B inhibitors develop during their lifetime. A novel way to treat hemophilia patients with inhibitors is the administration of recombinant factor VIIa. Factor VIIa prolong clot lysis time in plazma and down regulate fibrinolysis via activation of trombin activatable fibrinonolysis inhibitor. In this report we present the successful dental treatment of one patient who have severe inhibitor to Factor VIII using recombinant Factor VIIa. Advantages of rFVIIa over traditional treatment (ie, factor concentrates) are the lack of antigenicity and viral safety. On the other hand that is more expensive than traditional treatment.


In this study the variability of fungal flora in the atmosphere during morning and evening hours in different districts of Istanbul is investigated. The results are that in all districts in the evening the density is high of moulds, Penicillium and Aspergillus while in the morning hours, Cladosporium and Alternaria densities are high. The density of Leptosphaeria in the atmosphere decreases at night or equalizes compared to the morning rate. The rate of Ustilago differs in the morning and evening hours in different districts. There is no differentiation in the build‐up rate of other fungus genera.


The WTO make the market economy reformation quicker than before and the social milieu become increasingly complicated in China. Faced with the variety of the social milieu, China appeared many new problems in public security, which need new police pattern adopted. At first set up the theory that public security govern need multi-main body. Then allot duty and right and assignment according to their diverse resources. Moreover establish the homologous laws to ensure multi-main body of public security govern. Finally, realize the target that society is steady and people live happily through these.


The specific involvement of the δ-opioid receptor in the control of nociception was explored by investigating the pharmacological activity in vivo of a selective, orally active, and centrally penetrant δ-opioid agonist. [8R-(4bS*,8aα,8aβ,12bβ)]7,10-dimethyl-1-methoxy-11-(2-methylpropyl)oxycarbonyl 5,6,7,8,12,12b-hexahydro-(9H)-4,8-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]pyrrolo[2,3-g]isoquinoline hydrochloride (SB-235863) is a new pyrrolomorphinan with high affinity (Ki = 4.81 ± 0.39 nM) for the δ-opioid receptor, full agonist activity, and binding selectivity versus the μ- and κ-opioid receptors of 189-fold and 52-fold, respectively. Perorally administered SB-236863 was inactive in the rat tail-flick and hot-plate tests of acute pain response, but potently reversed thermal hyperalgesia in rats resulting from a carrageenan-induced inflammatory response. This activity could be blocked by the δ-opioid antagonist naltrindole (3 mg/kg s.c.), but selective μ- and κ-opioid antagonists were ineffective. Naltrindole (1 μg i.c.v.) also blocked the activity of 10 mg/kg (p.o.) SB-235863, showing that the compound activates δ-opioid receptor sites in the central nervous system. SB-235863 was additionally effective at reversing chronic hyperalgesia in the Seltzer rat model of partial sciatic nerve ligation after peroral administration. These data show that the δ-opioid receptor plays a selective role in regulating evoked and lasting changes in nociceptive pain signaling. Classical side effects of μ- and κ-opioid receptor activation (slowing of gastrointestinal transit and motor incoordination, respectively) were not observed after administration of 70 mg/kg (p.o.) SB-235863, nor was evoked seizure activity affected. These results suggest a selective and limited role of δ-opioid receptors in the modulation of nociception.


ANDRZEJ LUBOWSKI: Zbig. Cz3owiek, ktory podminowa3 Kreml (Zbig. The Man Who Undermined Kremlin). Warszawa: Agora, 2011, 304 pp.Andrzej Lubowski's Zbig is not a conventional biography. It is a fascinating story of Zbigniew Brzezinski's career as a political science theorist and practician. The book is undoubtedly absorbing reading for both those interested in the history of the Cold War, as it provides a fresh view on the role in the decision-making process of one of the most influential political advisors to the president of the United States after World War II, and also as a source of inspiration for those interested in the essence and meaning of policy-oriented analysis. This second aspect of the book seems to be the most important one. It provides the reader with valuable insight into the basic values and principles of work of a "man who undermined the Kremlin."Lubowski leads his readers through the most important moments of Professor Brzezinski's professional life, basing them on rich sources of information-official documents, the memories of decision-makers and most important, on a number of interviews with Brzezinski himself. The book presents Brzezinski's first steps in the field of political advice, the rise of the political tandem of Brzezinski and Jimmy Carter, as well as the constant presence of his strategic thought in the policy-making discourse in Washington until today. Lubowski's story is not always linear, it concentrates on the most important milestones of Brzezinski's career. In fact, the story is built around Brzezinski's positions towards key challenges the U.S. administration had to face, both when "Zbig" played his most important roles as well as when he remained in the background of the political process.Lubowski suggests that the key to Brzezinski's success lay in the unique features of his personality. The most important was consistency, which was never blind but always based on thorough analysis. Brzezinski studied the political system of the Soviet totalitarian regime as a student. A son of a Polish diplomat, he understood the essence of the Soviet regime perfectly and was aware of its fundamental weaknesses: economic inefficiency and frozen ethnic conflicts under the cover of an imperial monolith. According to Brzezinski himself, he spent most of his mature life creating the strategy for dismantling the Soviet bloc. As a result, this pursuit, sometimes misunderstood as an obsession, meant Brzezinski would be labelled a "hawk" on both sides of the Iron Curtain. History proved Brzezinski's diagnosis to be correct. After the fall of the Berlin Wall, he continued his mission of fighting anachronistic imperial-style policy-making. He has lately become one of the most prominent critics of Vladimir Putin and Russia's foreign policy, which is concentrated on building spheres of influence. He is also one of the biggest opponents of anti-Americanism in Western Europe.Even the most legitimate and most just ideas cannot be realised if they do not find fertile ground and a favourable environment. One of the most important features of Lubowski's Zbig is the fact that the book highlights the significance of networking and the ability to maintain long-lasting productive partnerships as a prerequisite for a successful analyst willing to influence the real political process. The story of Brzezinski's success is also a story of building close professional relations with influential American public figures. Modest engagement in John Kennedy's presidential campaign, closer cooperation with Lyndon Johnson's administration, the establishment of the Trilateral Commission founded by David Rockefeller, and finally the peak of his career as advisor to President Jimmy Carter were all examples of good and productive collaboration based on mutual respect and trust. At the same time, Lubowski consistently rejects the myth of Brzezinski playing the role of a "grey cardinal," steering U.S. foreign policy from behind the backs of more or less influential politicians he advised to. …


Challenging most Western approaches to the interpretation of African texts, cultures, and histories, Donald Wehrs offers detailed readings of six novels to suggest that the feminism of the heroines, the logic of the plots, and even the very language of the narrators in these fictions rest upon conceptual and moral vocabularies drawn from indigenous African sources. Wehrs argues that these novelists, and the Islamic and indigenous African discourses they draw upon, conceive of the ethical in terms closer to those of the European Jewish philosopher Emmanuel Levinas than to any of the moral theorizing - from Hobbes to Derrida and Foucault - characteristic of the modern West. He maintains that two of the authors he examines attempt to articulate a version of feminish that is consistent with principles of Islamic piety. Indeed, he continues, the feminism of all six novels ultimately rests upon an understanding of ethics that is radically at odds with the mainstream of contemporary literary theory. He proposes a reading that gives indigenous African writers a voice to ""answer back"" to the modern West without recourse to either nativism or abstraction, an approach to and an appreciation of African feminist fiction that overcomes major impasses in postcolonial theory. Beyond that, this book casts new light upon related issues of interest in women's studies, feminist theory, theories of the novel, cultural studies, and ethical philosophy.


Using azoalbumin as a substrate, it was demonstrated that intact Hymenolepis diminuta inactivate trypsin when incubated with this enzyme. At a given enzyme concentration ([E]), the per cent inactivation (%I) was relatively constant as the substrate concentration ([S]) was varied. However, at a given [S], the %I increased as the [E] decreased. It was also demonstrated that inactivation was dependent upon the time worms were exposed to the enzyme, the total worm weight present in the assay, and the pH of the assay medium. The %I was not related to worm surface area, and was unaffected by polyions and calcium ions in the incubation medium. These results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism and physiological significance of this phenomenon. The mucosal surface of the mammalian intestine and the outer surface of the syncytial epidermis of the cestode, Hymenolepis diminuta, contain intrinsic membrane-bound enzymes (Crane, 1962; Newey et al., 1963; Arme and Read, 1970; Dike and Read, 1971a). Both surfaces are reported to adsorb enzymes of pancreatic origin (Ugolev, 1965; DeLaey, 1966a; Goldberg et al., 1968, 1969; Read, 1972). According to DeLaey (1966b), adsorption of amylase involves interaction with the mucosal glycocalyx and is readily reversible (Jesuitova et al., 1964). Amylase adsorption to the surface of H. diminuta is also reversible and is partially blocked by polyions (Read, 1972). However, the adsorption of proteolytic enzymes to isolated mucosal cells or subcellular particles is not readily reversible (Goldberg et al., 1968, 1969). According to Ugolev (1965), the adsorption of amylase on the mammalian mucosa results in an increase in enzyme activity. However, doubt has been cast on Ugolev's interpretation with the demonstration that the mammalian mucosa has intrinsic membrane-bound amylases (McMichael and Dahlqvist, 1968; Alpers and Solin, 1970). On the other hand, while Hymenolepis does not exhibit intrinsic amylase or disaccharidase activity, adsorption of pancreatic amylase to the worm surface results in an increase in amylolytic activity (Taylor and Thomas, 1968; Read, 1972). Adsorption of trypsin and chymotrypsin to isolated human Received for publication 24 February 1972. * This study was supported by a grant (AI-01384) from the NIH, U. S. Public Health Service. t U. S. Public Health Service Postdoctoral Fellow, 1-F02-AI-45108-01. mucosal cells or subcellular particles does not ter the kinetic parameters of these enzymes (Goldberg et al., 1969). However, in the presence of intact mammalian mucosa, proteolytic enzymes of pancreatic origin are inctivated (Borgstrom et al., 1957; Goldberg et al., 1968, 1969; Pappas and Gallogly, unpublished). Reichenbach-Klinke and Reichenbach-Klinke (1970) reported that trypsin is inactivated in the presence of the tapeworm, Proteocephalus longicollis. The present investigation was concerned with the effects of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, on pancreatic trypsin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hymenolepis diminuta were reared in the beetle, Tenebrio molitor. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Holtzman Co.) weighing 80 to 100 g were infected with 30 H. diminuta cysticercoids and the worms removed 11 days postinfection. Worms were rinsed in 3 changes of Krebs-Ringer solution containing 25 mM Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-maleate buffer (pH 7.2) (KRT of Read, Rothman, and Simmons, 1963), randomized into groups (usually 10 worms/group), and incubated in fresh KRT at 37 C for 15 min prior to their addition to the assay medium. The assay medium consisted of 4 ml of KRT and 1 ml of an enzyme solution (Trypsin-type XI: DCC treated. 8,000 BAEE units/mg. Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis) maintained at 37 C in a shaking water bath. When groups of worms were to be used during assays they were removed from the previous incubation medium (KRT) and allowed to incubate in the KRT-enzyme solution for 15 min prior to the addition of substrate (this period in the KRT-enzyme solution is hereafter referred to as the preincubation period); after preincubation the worms were removed. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 1 ml of an azoalbumin (bovine origin, Sigma) solution prewarmed to 37 C, and allowed to continue for a prede-


Experiments were performed to evaluate the room-temperature mechanical properties of soy-protein that were compression-molded with varying concentrations of glycerin plasticizer. Specimens exhibited stiff and brittle behavior with good tensile strength reliability based on Weibull statistics analysis. Raising the glycerin concentration from 0 to 20% progressively increased the tensile strain-to-failure from 1.1 to 1.8% and reduced the tensile strength from 42.1 to 23.6 MPa. the tangent modulus from 4.56 to 1.79 GPa, and the Rockwell hardness from R118.4 to R75.7. Ultrasonic measurements indicated that raising the glycerin concentration from 0 to 20% increased Poisson's ratio from 0.348 to 0.409 and reduced Young's modulus from 7.01 to 5.4 GPa and the shear modulus from 2.5 to 1.8 GPa. Significant increases in the tensile strength and the strength reliability resulted from eliminating Griffith's flaws by sieving the press powder before compression molding. Rockwell hardness rapidly decreased upon immersing these plastics in water at 25 °C, an effect which was pronounced for the glycerin-containing specimens.


The major challenges for epigenetic therapies are target specificity of the drugs—an issue that is also true for most of the currently used drugs in medicine, especially in psychiatry.


Connected speech recovers to different degrees across people after left hemisphere stroke, but white matter predictors of differential recovery from the acute stage of stroke are unknown. We assessed changes in lexical-syntactic aspects of connected speech in a longitudinal analysis of 41 individuals (19 females) from the acute stage of LH stroke (within an average 4 days post-stroke) to subacute (within 2 months) and chronic stages (early: 6 months, late: 1 year) while measuring the extent of acute lesions on white-matter tracts to identify tracts predictive of recovery. We found that acute damage to the frontal aslant tract led to decreased recovery of the fluency and structural complexity of connected speech during the year following left hemisphere stroke. In addition, acute damage of the frontal aslant tract and the posterior and long segments of the arcuate fasciculus negatively impacted the recovery of syntactic accuracy, although the associations did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. Results were independent of baseline performance, overall lesion volume, and the proportion damage to tract-adjacent gray matter. This longitudinal analysis from acute to chronic stroke provides the first evidence that recovery of fluent and structurally complex spontaneous connected speech requires intact left frontal connectivity via the frontal aslant tract. That the frontal aslant tract was critical for recovery at early as well as later stages of stroke demonstrates that anterior connectivity plays a lasting and important role for the reorganization of function related to the successful production of connected speech.


The routing in OSPF Telecommunication networks is determined by computing shortest paths with respect to link weights set by the network operator. All shortest paths to a destination are used by th ...


Numerous methods for detecting audio splicing have been proposed. Environmental-signature-based methods are considered to be the most effective forgery detection methods. The performance of existing audio forensic analysis methods is generally measured in the absence of any anti-forensic attack. Effectiveness of these methods in the presence of anti-forensic attacks is therefore unknown. In this paper, we propose an effective anti-forensic attack for environmental-signature-based splicing detection method and countermeasures to detect the presence of the anti-forensic attack. For anti-forensic attack, dereverberation-based processing is proposed. Three dereverberation methods are considered to tamper with the acoustic environment signature. Experimental results indicate that the proposed dereverberation-based anti-forensic attack significantly degrades the performance of the selected splicing detection method. The proposed countermeasures exploit artifacts introduced by the anti-forensic processing. To detect the presence of potential anti-forensic processing, a machine learning-based framework is proposed. In particular, the proposed anti-forensic detection method uses a rich-feature model consisting of Fourier coefficients, spectral properties, high-order statistics of musical noise residuals, and modulation spectral coefficients to capture traces of dereverberation attacks. The performance of the proposed framework is evaluated on both synthetic data and real-world speech recordings. The experimental results show that the proposed rich-feature model can detect the presence of anti-forensic processing with an average accuracy of 95%.


This paper gives a generalization of results presented by ten Berge, Krijnen,Wansbeek & Shapiro. They examined procedures and results as proposed by Anderson & Rubin, McDonald, Green and Krijnen, Wansbeek & ten Berge.We shall consider the same matter, under weaker rank assumptions. We allow some moments, namely the variance O of the observable scores vector and that of the unique factors, ?, to be singular. We require T' ? T > 0, where T ? T' is a Schur decomposition of O. As usual the variance of the common factors, F, and the loadings matrix A will have full column rank.


This article is devoted to the metaphor as a mode of figurative modelling and reality reflection, in this case the reflection of man's inner world. Emotion description is based on the metaphorical spatial opposition up down studied on the material of the Russian, English and Albanian languages.


In March and April, 2013, two technical review meetings with R. Pengo, cryogenic expert from INFN, Italy and P. Lebrun, cryogenic expert from CERN have been organized by the cryogenic group CSCY at GSI on the issues mainly concerning the local cryogenics for Super-FRS. The challenge of cooldown the huge mass up to 1400 tons cold iron (cooldown enthalpy: about 112 GJ from 300 K to 4.5 K) has been addressed as one of the most important features of the Super-FRS local cryogenics. In order to reach a reasonable cooldown time of 3 to 4 weeks, it turned out during the cooldown calculation that a cooling power for SuperFRS cooldown will be of similar capacity as for the large ATLAS detector at CERN, the largest particle detector ever been built in the world (with the cooldown enthalpy about 121 GJ from 300 K to 4.5 K for its 680 tons aluminium alloy cold mass) [1]. Cryogenic engineering tells that the precooling with LN2 is necessary for especially large cold mass since approximately ≈ 80 % of the cool down load is from 300K to 80K. The capacity of a LN2 precooler for Super-FRS cooldown is specified at around 76 kW, which is about 25 % more than the maximum capacity for ATLAS cooldown at CERN. The comparison has been done in terms of the cooldown time predicted for the Super-FRS and needed for the ATLAS detector to reach 4.5 K operation states.


When scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was applied to the study of intradermal nevi, interesting tridimensional features were recognized. The free surface of the lesions showed ruffled keratinized cells. "Normal" hairs as well as "corkscrew" hairs emerged from the follicular openings. Nevus cells were either round or elongated and surrounded by connective tissue fibers.


The Russian Corporation has to work on new principles of functioning in modern social and economic conditions, and implementation of innovative activity is undoubtedly the main and necessary condition which should be created for it. However, innovative activity of the organization depends on maintaining and developing competencies in a straight line, for which, in turn, the corporate memory is needed as a certain framework. In this paper, the role and tasks of corporate memory in the innovation process is considered, its sources are given, and the stages of corporate memory functioning model are presented.


An algorithm for the computation of the natural logarithm using Maclaurin series is presented in this paper. The algorithm utilizes only the first two terms in Maclaurin series to compute logarithm function. A pipelined architecture implementing our algorithm is proposed and its execution time is estimated based on the rough model for the delay estimate of the main logic blocks. The execution time is also obtained for a target precision of 32 bits. The proposed architecture is compared with conventional radix-2 and high-radix digit-recurrence algorithm showing that the proposed architecture requires less execution time for higher precision.