Abstract Cell suspensions of Chlorella pyrenoidosa were exposed on batch culture condition to different concentrations of Copper, Cadmium, and Zinc ions. The results show that Cu and Cd are toxic to Chlorella, while Zn acts antagonistically to toxic action of Cu and Cd. SDS‐PAGE analysis reveal that Zn significantly induced photosynthetic subunits whereas Cu and Cd were found to be inhibitory to the photosynthetic subunits and to non homeostatically induce low molecular weight proteins.


This paper presents the representation and modeling of real-life tree-shaped natural and man-made networks. It is shown that the tree-shaped networks could be composed of two entities of different functionalities that can operate separately or jointly. The first entity is the feet/head aggregation networks, while the second entity is the head/feet disaggregation networks. Each entity is represented with the same symbolic-based modular model expressions. Moreover, it is illustrated that the aggregation entity network can be mapped through a mirroring type process to an analogous disaggregation entity network and vice versa. The suggested technique is demonstrated by an application of the modeling of 20-nodes real-life tree-shaped irrigation network. The paper also addresses simultaneously the analogy between natural plant tree morphology and natural/man-made operational network of both the aggregation or disaggregation types. It is highlighted that such analogy with the natural tree system could help in future schematizing of stages of operational networks expansion in the most efficient way as learnt from nature and in building advanced generations of operational networks. Furthermore, it is pointed out that the new approach has unlimited scope of real-life applications in engineering/technology such as electric generation, water basins, sewage, agriculture drainage, highway transportation..etc. networks for the aggregation entity, and electric distribution, irrigation, oil, gas, potable water, roads transport,..etc. networks for the disaggregation entity. In all respects, the paper has succeeded within the area of tree-shaped networks in crossing the boundaries between the Science of Botany and Engineering/technology (and vice versa) and to create new common areas of important shared interests of great benefits to these disciplines and the science world as a whole. Finally, the new notion of crossing boundaries between sciences can also be extended to and among many other sciences themselves dealing with tree-shaped systems.


This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the English at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in English Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Repository Citation Habib, Imtiaz, "The Mediterranean Apprenticeship of British Slavery, by Gustav Ungerer. Madrid: Editorial Verbum, 2008 (Book Review)" (2011). English Faculty Publications. 58. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/english_fac_pubs/58


A high prevalence of body image dissatisfaction has been observed among adolescents over the last decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between body image dissatisfaction and demographic factors in adolescents. The sample consisted of 405 boys and girls (247 from an urban area and 158 from a rural area) aged 14 to 17 years enrolled in public schools of a small-sized municipality. The demographic variables analyzed were gender (male, female), age (14-15 years, 16-17 years), and area of residence (urban, rural). The perception of body image was evaluated using a figure rating scale. The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction was 56.5%. Both girls (26.5%) and boys (39.5%) wished to have a larger body silhouette. An association was observed between body image dissatisfaction and gender, with boys showing a 1.24 times higher chance (95%CI: 1.05-1.47) of body image dissatisfaction than girls. The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction is high even among adolescents from small-sized municipalities. Body image dissatisfaction is more prevalent among boys. Healthcare workers and teachers should be aware of the importance to encourage youngster to better understand themselves and their body and to reflect about current body images. 1 1 1,3 2 1


Let Iv (x) be modified Bessel functions of the first kind. We prove the monotonicity property of the function x → Iu (x) Iv (x)/I(u+v)/2 (x) on (0,∞) . As a direct consequence, it deduces some known results including Turán-type inequalities and log-convexity or log-concavity of Iv in v , as well as it yields some new and interesting monotonicity and convexity concerning the ratios of modified Bessel functions of the first kind. In addition, a few of sharp bounds involving Iv (x) and their ratios are presented. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 26A48, 26A51, 33C10, 33B10, 39B62.


We study the electromagnetic radiation from a newborn magnetar whose magnetic tilt angle decreases rapidly. We calculate the evolution of the angular spin frequency, the perpendicular component of the surface magnetic field strength, and the energy loss rate through magnetic dipole radiation. We show that the spin-down of the magnetar experiences two stages characterized by two different timescales. The apparent magnetic field decreases with the decrease of the tilt angle. We further show that the energy loss rate of the magnetar is very different from that in the case of a fixed tilt angle. The evolution of the energy loss rate is consistent with the overall light curves of gamma-ray bursts which show a plateau structure in their afterglow stage. Our model supports the idea that some gamma-ray bursts with a plateau phase in their afterglow stage may originate from newborn millisecond magnetars.


The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the aquatic environment and the content of heavy metals, sediment, fish, and shellfish around the bauxite mining area. The main question is whether bauxite mining activities affect the quality of the surrounding waters. Further research needs to be carried out at the exact location during non-active mining activities as a comparison. Using the Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method, a field survey and heavy metal analysis are conducted. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the water were categorized as polluted and unfit for fish farming. Five parameters, Cadmium (Cd), Timbal (Pb), Aluminum (Al), Nickel (Ni), and DO (dissolved oxygen), do not meet the quality standards of fish culture water and metal content in fish and shellfish bodies


A 46-year-old black man presented with progressive loss of vision in his left eye (LE) for over 3 weeks. He initially noticed redness in his LE but the vision was unaffected at that time. Subsequently, he developed progressive reduction in visual acuity in both eyes, LE worse than the right eye (RE); headache on the left side and bilateral ocular pain; and flashes in the LE. The patient was diagnosed with uveitis by a comprehensive ophthalmologist and started on oral prednisone and topical 1% prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension in the LE. Initially, his symptoms improved but the inflammation worsened once the prednisone was discontinued. The patient was seen by a retina specialist, who then referred him to the Wilmer Eye Institute for further evaluation. The patient was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection 8 years before the ocular disease. He had been on highly active antiretroviral therapy up to 1 year before presentation, when he discontinued highly active antiretroviral therapy due to a lack of insurance coverage. The patient was unaware of his current viral load or CD4 count. He had not traveled outside of the United States. He was homosexual and had been sexually active with multiple partners and rarely used protection. He denied recreational drug use. Ocular history was nonrevealing. Review of systems revealed a recent history of oral ulcers secondary to infection with herpes simplex, for which he was started on valacyclovir 1 week before his ocular symptoms. On examination, visual acuity without correction was 20/25 in the RE and counting fingers in the LE. Intraocular pressures were 11 mmHg and 10 mmHg in RE and LE, respectively. Slit-lamp examination of the RE revealed 1 flare and rare cells. Examination of the LE revealed lid swelling, 2 to 3 conjunctival injection, mutton fat keratic precipitates, 3 cells and flare in the anterior chamber, posterior synechiae, and a hypopyon of approximately 1 mm (Figure 1A–B). Fundus examination of the RE revealed hyperemic optic nerve with blurred margins (Figure 2A). Fundus examination of the LE was limited as a result of dense vitritis. Fluorescein angiography showed disk leakage and mild macular leakage in the RE in early and late phases (Figure 2B–C). There was no view of the fluorescein angiography of the LE. Ultrasonography of the LE showed vitreous opacities and focal macular thickening; there was no retinal detachment. In summary, the patient was a 46-year-old HIV-positive man with no known AIDS-defining illnesses who now presented with panuveitis in the LE and optic neuritis in the RE.


The remote system for automatically measuring temperature is introduced.Analogy temperature parameters are converted to digital signal by using 24 bits highly accurate ADC on measuring spot,the accuracy can be 0.5 ℃.The data are collected by visual programming system on receiving spot,and temperature signal are also processed on time.This system collects temperature signal accurately.The signal is made by the wireless technology to deliver conveniently.Visual programming system can make temperature parameter collection,process monitoring much more direct.


Aim & Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetrical synovitis, progressive damage to the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone (1) , as well as pain, fatigue, and disability (2) .The purpose of this study was to investigate any significant correlation in the level of Lipid profile and its association with severity of Rheumatoid arthritis Material and Methods: Total 100 study subjects were divided into two groups, group A comprising 50 apparently healthy controls and group B comprising 50 patients of rheumatoid arthritis, which is further divided into subgroups on the basis of DAS 28 Score, group B1remission, group B-2 included mild cases of rheumatoid arthritis, group B-3 of moderate & group B-4 of severe cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Subjects were enrolled after applying all inclusion and exclusion criteria and written informed consent were taken. Serum Lipid profile p estimation were done by Transasia XL-640 Automated analyzer. Results: The mean triglycerides in the control group was 121.28 ± 21.96 mg/dL while in the rheumatoid arthritis group was 156.32 ± 63.58 mg/dL. The mean VLDL in the control group was 24.26 ± 4.39 mg/dL while in the rheumatoid arthritis group was 31.26 ± 12.72 mg/dL. The difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05), showing a higher Triglycerides & VLDL in the rheumatoid arthritis group in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: Patients with RA and chronic systemic inflammation have altered lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels that may contribute to their higher risk of atherosclerosis


This study researched the preparation of soy-protein and acrylic hybrid emulsion based on the emulsion formula preparation. The particle structure and shape was analyzed by DSC, ascertained by measuring adhesion properties of different emulsion on the same substrate by strength capability. The result show that the bonding strength of hybrid emulsion was better than the blending emulsion, and the glass temperature of hybrid emulsion was same with the blending emulsion.


Hiding the data by using carrier image is still an important research topic, A quality data hiding scheme should hide huge secret data in the carrier without demeaning the quality of the carrier and with the less distortion. This paper proposes a novel and a hiding capacity reversible data hiding scheme with less distortion. The double embedding mechanism in this mechanism projects for storing secret data in carrier. This novel mechanism uses the inverse embedding method as the second phase embedding strategy to improve the hiding capacity and minimizes the distortion in all type of images. It means this novel mechanism performs well on colour images and as well as gray scale images with less distortion and high quality of the image.


Abstract Philippine Cinema, one of the oldest and richest cinemas in Southeast Asia, is currently undergoing a facelift. 'Indie', the short form for independent, has become a popular buzz word in the local media as well as in film circles. This report focuses on the current state of independent feature‐filmmaking in the Philippines, compares it briefly to its past, highlights some of the key figures that have propelled it to its present, and proposes the main area wherein development is needed for it to progress further.


In George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four, he vividly describes a dystopia; a totalitarian regime of pervasive surveillance and control. But, unlike the protagonists of many dystopian novels, we are not entering into this world of control by force, but by choice.


Objective:To explore the potential use of adenovirus mediated p53 gene(Ad-p53)therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:A human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was used.Recombinant adenovirus carrying wild-type p53 gene was transfected into HepG2 cells in vitro and injected into tumor nodules in vivo.The growth of HepG2 cells in vitro and established hepatocellular carcinoma nodules in nude mice was examined.Cell apoptosis was analysed by Annexin-V/PI labeling flow cytometry method.Results:Cell growth was greatly suppressed at≥125MOI.p53 transfection can increase HepG2 cells apoposis rate.In vivo studies,intratumoral injection ofAd-p53 significantly inhibited hepatocellular carcinoma implanted xenograft.Conclusion:Transfection of wild-type p53 gene via Ad-p53 is a potential approach to the therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.


An insecticidal powder composition, the composition comprising an effective amount of diatomaceous earth (DE) and an effective amount of silica selected from the group of precipitated silica and airgel silica, the type according to DE at different weight proportions DE mixed with silica, and preferably may be about 95-65% and about 5-35% silica DE.


Importance: Children with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita are often delayed in their development of reaching and object exploration, which can place them at risk for associated delays in motor and cognitive development. Objective: To evaluate the longitudinal assistive and rehabilitative effects of the Playskin Lift™ (hereinafter Playskin), a novel exoskeletal garment, on reaching and object exploration abilities in children with arthrogryposis. Design: Single-case ABA design with a 1-mo baseline, 4-mo intervention, and 1-mo postintervention. Setting: Home environment. Participants: Seventeen children with arthrogryposis (ages 6–35 mo at first visit; 5 boys). Intervention: Participants used the Playskin daily for 30 to 45 min while participating in structured intervention activities to encourage reaching for objects across play spaces larger than they were typically able to. Outcomes and Measures: Participants were tested biweekly throughout the study with and without the Playskin using a systematic reaching assessment. Coding of reaching and object exploration behavior was performed using OpenSHAPA software; statistical analyses were conducted using Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling software. Feasibility of the Playskin for daily home intervention was evaluated with a parent perception questionnaire. Results: Positive assistive effects (improved performance when wearing the Playskin within sessions) and rehabilitative effects (improved independent performance after the Playskin intervention) were observed with increased active range of motion, expanded reaching space, improved grasping with the ventral side of the open hand, and greater complexity and multimodality and intensity of object exploration. Conclusions and Relevance: The Playskin may be a feasible, effective assistive and rehabilitative device to advance object interaction and learning in young children with arthrogryposis. What This Article Adds: The novel exoskeletal Playskin garment improves reaching and object exploration in young children with arthrogryposis.


The measurement of odours has been subject of many years of research in the flavour and fragrance industry. Still today it is a challenge to select the appropriate measurement technique to characterise odour performance which, beside the hedonistic qualities, is a key success criterion.
 Physicochemical parameters have been used for many years to obtain guidelines for improving fragrance performance but headspace measurements combined with olfactometry data are still among the most powerful methods which successfully help to extract additional information by linking detected
 signals obtained from an instrument with the sensory perception of a human nose.


Objective:Based on the prevention and therapeutics of senile vaginitis and gynecological inflammatory and other ailments,we optimize the optimum extraction technology of prescription drugs Lithospermum consist in zicao composite Suppository according to the development rules of green natural traditional Chinese medicine prepration.Method: The research aim to screen out the best process condition with orthogonal method using rate of the extraction,total naphthoquinone content and L-shikonin content.Xylene-induced inflammation experiments was used to optimization the prescription ratio.Result:The optimum extraction method of Lithospermi medicinal herb is: soak for 4 hours,8 times the mount of 90% ethanol by percolation.When the Lithospermum accounting for 50% of the prescription,anti-inflammatory activity of zicao composite Suppository is stronger.Conclusion: The optimal extraction method was stable,simple,feasible and low cost,therefore can be used for the preparation of the zicao composite Suppository.The method of formula bolting based on the activity,provided an important fundament for the effectiveness of new drugs development of zicao composite Suppository.


To help users create stronger passwords, nearly every respectable web service adopts a password strength meter (PSM) to provide real-time strength feedback upon user registration and password change. Recent research has found that PSMs that provide accurate feedback can indeed effectively nudge users toward choosing stronger passwords. Thus, it is imperative to systematically evaluate existing PSMs to facilitate the selection of accurate ones. In this paper, we highlight that there is no single silver bullet metric for measuring the accuracy of PSMs: For each given guessing scenario and strategy, a specific metric is necessary. We investigate the intrinsic characteristics of online and offline guessing scenarios, and for the first time , propose a systematic evaluation framework that is composed of four different dimensioned criteria to rate PSM accuracy under these two password guessing scenarios (as well as various guessing strategies). More specifically, for online guessing , the strength misjudgments of passwords with different popularity would have varied effects on PSM accuracy, and we suggest the weighted Spearman metric and consider two typical attackers: The general attacker who is unaware of the target password distribution, and the knowledgeable attacker aware of it. For offline guessing , since the cracked passwords are generally weaker than the uncracked ones, and they correspond to two disparate distributions, we adopt the Kullback-Leibler divergence metric and investigate the four most typical guessing strategies: brute-force, dictionary-based, probability-based, and a combination of above three strategies. In particular, we propose the Precision metric to measure PSM accuracy when non-binned strength feedback (e.g., probability) is transformed into easy-to-understand bins/scores (e.g., [weak, medium, strong]). We further introduce a reconciled Precision metric to characterize the impacts of strength misjudgments in different directions (e.g., weak → strong and strong → weak) on PSM accuracy. The effectiveness and practicality of our evaluation framework are demonstrated by rating 12 leading PSMs, leveraging 14 real-world password datasets. Finally, we provide three recommendations to help improve the accuracy of PSMs.


The study examines the 2014 Revised Social Studies Syllabus for Colleges of Education in Ghana. Twelve tutors were sampled from six Colleges of Education in the Western and Central Regions of Ghana using the purposive sampling technique.The main research instrument used was an interview guide. Data collected were transcribed and analyzed using qualitative procedures. The structure and contents of the syllabus were first discussed followed by the data collected from therespondents. The study confirmed the perception held by many that social studies offered in the Colleges of Education in Ghana is integrated, based on the social sciences. It was revealed that the content areas of the subject are based on disciplines such as Geography, Economics, History, Sociology and Government. More so, inspite of the few gaps found between the syllabus and the JHS Social Studies syllabus, to a.very large extent, the Social Studies syllabus for the Colleges of Education is consistent with the JHS syllabus. Among the recommendations made was the need for tutors to adopt innovative approaches in teaching to enable them to complete the outline for each semester before End of Semester Examinations


Abstract In the research, the effect of adverse teaching conditions on the Turkish listening comprehension, speaking, written expression, and reading comprehension skills of bilingual students was investigated. In the study, some indicators of the basic language skills of bilingual children were examined according to the multi-grade classroom and COVID-19 factors. The universe of the study is bilingual children studying in multi-grade classrooms of primary education in Muş province. The population is made up of sixty-nine third and fourth-year students from four different primary schools. Three questions were analyzed: (1) What is the level of students' listening comprehension, speaking, written expression, and reading comprehension skills? (2) How is the effect of independent variables (gender, age of acquisition of Turkish, school level, parents' education, and school) on students' language skills? (3) How is the relationship between students' listening comprehension, speaking, written expression, and reading comprehension skills? The study adopted a multiple-case study design. The data were collected using two rubrics and two achievement tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple group comparisons, nonparametric tests, and correlation. The results revealed findings regarding participants' listening comprehension, speaking, written expression, and reading comprehension skills. It was observed that the independent variables did not significantly affect the language skills of the participants. According to the findings, students' language indicators of written expression are weak and relatively inadequate. Alike students' language indicators of reading comprehension are partially inadequate. On the other hand, the indicators in speaking and listening comprehension skills were observed to be good but partially insufficient. The results show that the performance of bilingual students in multi-grade classrooms on Turkish language indicators observed during the COVID-19 outbreak is not at an adequate level completely.


A recent report in one of the leading newspapers in Ghana highlighted the growing problem of diabetes in the country with doctors expressing grave concern about the rate of increase in diabetic cases. The report noted that apart from genetic predisposition and environmental issues, the lifestyle of Ghanaians was the major cause of the upsurge. A consultant of the hospital specifically noted the eating habits (a taste for refined sugary foods instead of fruits and vegetables), lifestyle (sedentary jobs with less exercising) and cultural practices especially where obesity was cherished and considered as a sign of affluence as the predisposing factors. This paper therefore highlights the therapeutic potential of one such plant belonging to the genus Bridelia that can be used in the fight against diabetes in particular. B ferruginea Benth; syn bridelia leaf, belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. Among its many vernacular names are opam fufuo, baree (Twi); flatsho (Ga-Dangme); ekpazenra (Nzema); and kirni (Hausa). (extract from author abstract)


Congenital contractural arachnodactyly (CA), also known as "fawn calf" syndrome (FCS), is a heritable disease of newborn Angus and Angus-derived cattle caused by an error in the DNA genetic code transmitted from parents to their progeny. Calves with CA are visibly abnormal at birth (Fig. 1) but are usually born alive. Most survive to adulthood. CA is a developmental defect involving reduced elasticity of the connective tissue of muscles, first identified in Victoria in 1998 but now reported in many countries. The Angus Society of Australia lists FCS as a "Category 1 Genetic Condition" (Regulation. 6.24) (www.angusaustralia.com.au/Regos_Regulations.ht m#6). Animals known to express any Category 1 Genetic Condition are ineligible for registration with the Society. Known carriers of Category 1 defects are identified as such in the Australian Angus Database (www.angusaustralia.com.au/DBS.htm).


The research was designed to explore how Barack Obama constructs his self identities which enable him to get to power. This construction is reflected in his self life-writings including Dreams from My Father: A story of Race and Inheritance, The Audacity of Hope: Thoughts on Reclaiming the AmericanDream and Change We Can Believe In: Barack Obama's Plan to RenewAmerica's Promise. Postcolonial theories on identity construction were used for the reason that they reflect the multiple nature of individual identities. Theories of narratology were also used in a bid to highlight the politics that inheres in self life-writing. The dissertation's thrust therefore was on how Obama deploys narrative that suits his purpose-being the President of the United States of America. It was therefore concluded that autobiography, through narrative, can play a critical role in constructing individual identities


This paper presents a method of estimating the direction and position of mallards from voice information using arrayed microphones combined with delay-and-sum beamforming. Rice farming using mallards saves labor because mallards work instead of farmers. Nevertheless, the number of mallards declines when they are preyed upon by natural enemies such as crows, kites, and weasels. We consider that efficient management can be achieved from locating and identifying the locations of mallards and natural enemies using voice information that can be widely sensed in a paddy field. For this study, we developed a prototype system with 32 microphones installed as an array installed on our originally designed and assembled mount. We obtained benchmark sound datasets in an outdoor environment that comprises 18 grid points of 40 m width and 30 m depth. For direction estimation, no detection angle error occurred at 9 points. Estimation errors were increased at sharp-angle positions from the microphone array. For position estimation, our method correctly estimated 8 points.


The accurate prediction of runoff at the reservoir site is of the paramount important. There are various methods like empirical equations, rational methods and hydrograph analysis for estimation of runoff from the catchment area. These methods predicts runoff from the catchment area which may be sometimes not very much accurate and therefore it is necessary to collect past rainfall data of considerable number of years and develop relationship between rainfall and runoff. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate accurate runoff at the reservoir site so that the dam can be constructed of required height. The under estimation of runoff at the reservoir site leads to smaller Height of dam and hence we cannot harness the available water at the site. Whereas when over estimation of rainfall increases the height of dam than required height leads to increase in overall cost of project.


These texts, The Altar (1917) by Martin Buber and Chromatic Atheology by Jean-Luc Nancy, work together to analyze the philosophical and theological implications of Matthias Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece. Nancy performs a close reading of Buber's The Altar in order to draw our attention to potentially atheological aspects of the German Jewish philosopher's thinking, grounded in his analysis of the Isenheim Altarpiece, and in particular in its color.


We characterized the temperature dependences of the linear electrooptical (E-O) and piezoelectric coefficients of the rhombohedral 0.67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.33PbTiO3 single crystals oriented along the <111> direction (the spontaneous polarization direction). The E-O coefficients of the 0.67PMN–0.33PT single crystals were r333=107 pm/V at room temperature and 950 pm/V at 80 °C. The piezoelectric coefficient d311 of the 0.67PMN–0.33PT single crystals increased from 45 pC/N at room temperature to 1015 pC/N at 80 °C. Large E-O and piezoelectric coefficients at 80 °C were from the engineering domain configuration induced by a transition from the rhombohedral phase othorhombic phase.


Disclosed is a device for monitoring the measuring system of an electric drive (12), comprising a measuring system (12) which is used to detect at least one measuring variable of an electric drive (10); and at least one controller (78) which is supplied with the at least one measuring variable detected by said measuring system (12) and which produces at least one control variable for controlling said drive (10). At least one signal detection system (34, 73, 79, 89, 91, 93) is provided in order to detect errors in the measuring system (12).


Several decades ago, many former pastures in Central Europe were afforested or colonized by trees after being abandoned. Knowledge of the effects of tree species on soil properties is important for planning of the composition of future forests. In this regard, a research location in Vrchdobroč (Central Slovakia), which is former agricultural land used as pasture, enables the exploration of ecosystem processes and properties in stands of different tree species after afforestation. The goal of our study was to find out whether changes in soil properties, including soil microbial activity and diversity among different stands, were already observable 45 years after the afforestation, and how the effects differed among stands of different tree species. The study was conducted in the pure stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesi (Mirb.) Franco), European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.). Multivariate analyses of physico-chemical soil properties indicated an overlap between the soils under the Douglas fir and the spruce, but a clear separation of beech from sycamore. In general, both microbial activity and diversity were, surprisingly, highest under the Douglas fir, followed by the sycamore, with the beech and the spruce showing mostly lower values.


The purpose of this article is to provide a broad overview and analysis of the evolution of natural theology in response to influential critiques raised against it. I identify eight main lines of critique against natural theology, and analyze how the defenders of different types of natural theology differ in their responses to these critiques, leading into several very different forms of natural theology. Based on the amount and quality of discussion that exists, I argue that simply referring to the critiques of Hume, Kant, Darwin, and Barth should no longer be regarded as sufficient to settle the debate over natural theology.


Metaverse as a digital phenomenon has had an impact on global life since the Covid-19 pandemic took place. Almost all countries experienced disruption in various sectors. One of the countries undergoing transformation is Indonesia. This transformation has become an attraction for researchers to examine the steps taken by the Indonesian government to address the demand for national entrepreneurship in the Metaverse. Moreover, the metaverse has both opportunities and challenges. This study focuses on the public policy dimensions of the Indonesian government in dealing with national entrepreneurship and aims to analyze the factors that play a role in the effectiveness of implementing public policies in the use of the metaverse in Indonesia by using the policy implementation model offered by the Brian W. Hoogwood and Lewis A model. Guns. This study uses qualitative research methods with data collection by literature study. The results show that Indonesia has not optimally developed a national entrepreneurship policy in the metaverse.


Iris Technology is leading a three-partner consortium in the development of a low temperature cryocooler for superconducting electronics (SCE) applications. The intended applications are tactical, so cost is a primary concern, as are package size and mass. Due to the lack of a correlated thermodynamic model for this new type of three-stage Stirling / pulse tube / pulse tube hybrid cryocooler, the modeling efforts are premised upon using multiple proven cryocooler software modeling tools to enhance modeling confidence. Each tool is used for the aspect of the modeling for which it is particularly well suited. Computational domains are deliberately overlapped. Using this technique, a thermodynamic design was developed that predicts net refrigeration of 4.0 W at 60K, 0.30 W at 11.5K, and 0.2W at 4K for 800 W of input pressure-volume (PV) power. The next step in the development is the build and test of a sufficiently representative cryocooler to correlate the model. Detailed design of a prototype cryocooler for this purpose is underway. To reduce development cost, the prototype will make heavy reuse of existing assets. These constraints, how the team is working around these constraints, the resulting projected performance of this demonstration prototype cooler, and the analysis methods used are presented. The initially targeted performance is 50 mW @ 5K, which the authors assert is sufficient to both correlate the model and demonstrate the three-stage Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler concept.


This year's meeting was a fascinating and enjoyable experience. The most overwhelming impression was the sheer energy and enthusiasm of the AACPDM. The other strong flavour was the warmth and hospitality offered to everyone, particularly newcomers and people from overseas such as myself. The theme of the meeting was 'Celebrating Differences', which seemed very appropriate in the French speaking part of Canada. The meeting demonstrated how those differences can work so effectively together as shown by therapists, orthopaedic surgeons, paediatricians, paediatric neurologists, physiatrists, and many others pooling their expertize and interest and learning from each other's experience and research. The scientific sessions were of an impressively high standard with a large number of papers. Many papers described results of randomized controlled trials, adequately powered to give a clear answer. Much came from North America where this approach to research questions in disability seems to be very well organized and encouraged. One of the items the AACPDM is now emphasizing strongly is collaborative multicentre research. A large amount of the work concerned the use of botulinum toxin, both on mechanical function and on the more important aspect of social function. Benefits on the former are much easier to demonstrate than on the latter. One aspect I particularly enjoyed was the witty and erudite debate on the use of botulinum toxin, which was by no means an unadulterated paean, but raised a great many questions as to its efficacy and value. Naturally, in view of the cost of botulinum toxin, cost benefit questions are then raised in relation to botulinum toxin versus orthopaedic surgery. There was another equally provocative and stimulating debate on gait analysis, which threw many of my pre-conceived ideas into doubt. Again this is an important issue because of the financial implications. It is rather disturbing to discover how little evidence can be presented to the relevant paymasters to show a definite benefit from either of these relatively well established procedures. There were many other interesting presentations, including papers on fracture rates in children with cerebral palsy, which have increased, but the factors behind this are more difficult to define. Two papers reached opposite conclusions on the effect of antiepileptic medication. Another very important topic concerned pain in children with cerebral palsy, which I suspect is overlooked in many routine clinics. Obviously pain is difficult both to define and to measure in every population. It was thought provoking to include emotional as well as physical distress in the assessment, especially now that fMRI suggests that both localize to the same cortical areas. In one paper a large number of carers reported some degree of pain with 8% describing distressing pain. Further research will be very interesting. Another important aspect concerned gastrostomy feeding. It was reassuring to see data confirming the improvement in quality of life this gives both to children and their carers. However, there was an important warning of the risk of over-feeding and excess weight gain. For unclear reasons the excess fat is deposited internally and therefore is not demonstrable by skin fold thickness measurements. Some dietitians are using recommended dietary energy values for age without allowing for the relative immobility and lower energy needs of children with gastrostomy feeds. These studies provoked a great deal of interest and discussion. This is only a small selection from the wealth of papers on all aspects of cerebral palsy, neural tube defects, and neuromuscular conditions. Overall, there was an overwhelming number of data, which once again meant that one wanted to be in several places at once. Although the scientific sessions took up most of the meeting, there were very interesting instructional courses on a wide range of subjects, such as how to distinguish dystonia, spasticity, and rigidity and the implications for treatment. Although guidelines are available it seems unlikely that the last word has been said or written on this subject. There were speciality sessions covering, for example, health care issues for adults with disability and sessions on educational tools, especially videos, to help parents understand their child's problem and its management. An award was given to Monique Lefebvre who is the inspiration and founder of a major Canadian sporting programme that includes children and young adults with disability in their community predominantly through sporting events. Finally, a special evening was arranged in honour of Martin Bax, whose links with the AACPDM go back 30 years or more. After a musical programme by the Trio Lyra, which included work by Arnold Bax, the 'Toast and Roast' session was a series of affectionate eulogies by friends who were even prepared to forgive the rejection letters they had received – termed 'being Baxed'. As well as complimenting Martin on his many scientific and literary achievements, the event made it clear that his enjoyment of a good lunch, his fund of stories, and his Dickensian interest in all things human has endeared him to many transtlantic colleagues. I am looking forward to next year's meeting in Los Angeles, 29 September to 2 October (details from www.aacpdm.org), both for the scientific content and for the chance to meet up again with such an impressive group of friendly, outgoing, and positive colleagues.


The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of cold-resistant cultivar,Dongnongdongmai 1,and CK,Jimai 22,were measured during cold acclimation and frozen periods.The results showed that maximum fluorescence yield(Fm),maximum quantum yield of PS II(Fv/Fm),actual quantum yield(yield),photochemical quenching(qP)in new leaf of CK Jimai 22 was significantly higher than that of Dongnongdongmai 1 in the cold acclimation periods.After the low temperature acclimation,these parameters of Jimai 22 declined rapidly,and were significantly lower than that of Dongnongdongmai 1.The changing trend of Fo during cold acclimation and frozen periods was as Fo in the new leaf of Dongnongdongmai 1 was stable and its reduction in Dongnongdongmai 1 and Jimai 22 were 26.2% and 52.8%,respectively.The fluorescence parameters tendency in old leaf of Dongnongdongmai 1 was consistent with that of Jimai 22,these fluorescence parameters in old leaf of Dongnongdongmai 1 were significantly higher than that of Jimai 22 after cold acclimation period.Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be used to identify the cold resistance of wheat cultivars.The identification stage should be at the end of cold acclimation and the beginning of frozen period.The test position of wheat seedling should be the new leaf of cultivar.


In the one-generation technicolour model, the one-loop virtual corrections on the Zbb vertex from the P+or- and P8+or- can be rather large; the shift delta Rb=(Rb-RbSM)/RbSM in the range of 0-9.6% in the considered parameter space. By comparing the vertex corrections with the new electroweak data one can put some primary limits on the mass of the colour octet P8+or-: mp2>335 GeV(at 95% CL) for mt=150 GeV.


Climate change and human health are intricately linked. The impact on children's health is particularly enormous because of the uniqueness of their bodies' physiology and dependence on adults for protection. This study determined the perception of women about the impact of climate change on health status of their children and analyse the factors influencing children's medical bills. Data were collected with the use of simple random sampling and analysis was done using descriptive and Tobit regression methods. Results show that 49.45% of the children normally fall ill once in at least 4 months while 31.87 were falling sick at least one time in 3 months. Skin infection is the common health problems among children during dry season, which catarrh was most reported (71.43%) during wet season. Tobit regression results show that age (-ve), household size (+ve), per capita expenditure on food (+ve), per capita other expenditure (-ve), falling sick often (+ve), wet season sickness (+ve), cough (+ve), catarrh (-ve) and malaria (+ve) significantly influenced children's medical expenses (p<0.10). It was recommended that subsidy for children malaria treatment, provision of more mosquito nets and awareness creation on preparedness of households for adverse climatic situations. [A.S. Oyekale and Y. A. Adesanya. Climate Change and Urban Children's Health: A Case Study of Ibadan South West Local Government, Nigeria. Life Sci J 2012;9(3):894-899]. (ISSN: 10978135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 127


A procedure for the optimal determination of measured variables in chemical processes is presented. This procedure is based on quantifying the trade-off between the process information that can be obtained and the total cost of the sensors making up the measurement system. The resulting trade-off is specified as a Pareto optimization problem. The optimal measurement systems that should be considered for installation are determined from the set of solutions to this Pareto optimization problem. The approach is demonstrated using a CSTR process example.


The Cut Off Values for Diagnosing Cold Hypersensitivity of Hands by Using Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging Jun-Young Jo, Kyoung-Sun Park, Chang-Hoon Lee Jun-Bock Jang, Kyung-Sub Lee, Jin-Moo Lee Gynecology of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Hospital at Gangdong Gynecology of Korean Medicine, KangNam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital Gynecology of Korean Medicine, Kyung-Hee University Medical Center Purpose: The purpose of this study is to define the cut off values of cold hypersensitivity of hands by using digital infrared thermographic imaging(DITI). Methods: Thermographic images of 130 patients with cold hypersensitivity of hands(CHHG, n=65) and non-cold hypersensitivity of hands(NCHHG, n=65) were retrospectively reviewed. We used the temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) for diagnosing cold hypersensitivity of hands. The temperature differences of between two groups were analysed using independent samples t-tests. The cut off values were calculated by ROC curve analysis. Analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 17.0. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The temperature difference the palm(PC8) and the upper arm(LU4) were significantly different between groups(p < 0.001). Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 70.8%, 73.8%, respectively both hands. The AUC was 0.822 on right hand and 0.818 on left hand. The optimum cut-off value was defined as -0.05°C. Conclusions: These results suggest that DITI is a reliable instrument for estimating the cold hypersensitivity of hands.


Digital communication technology provides wider opportunities for agritourism farmers to reach local and national markets. Agritourism as a diversification of agricultural business encourages farmers to have the capacity to utilize digital communication technology. This study aims to (1) identify the profile of farmers who managing agritourism and (2) analyze the influence of farmer profiles on the level of capacity to use digital communication technology. The profile of agrotourism farmers influences their capacity to use digital communication technology in response to economic changes. The study was conducted in Bojonegoro and Malang Regencies, East Java in September and October 2018. Data collection was conducted through interviews using questionnaires on 215 farmers. Data analysis was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result of the study showed that the farmer profile which includes age, the level of formal education and the assessment of digital technology functions were categorized  as high. Business motivation was in medium category while nonformal education, length of business, types of agritourism products and cosmopolitan level were in low category. The types of agritourism services was in very low category. The result of analysis showed the profile of agritourism farmer that has a very significant effect to increase the capacity of farmers to utilize digital communication technology were age, formal education, assessment of digital communication technology functions, and business motivation, while having a significant effect are non-formal education, length of business, and agritourism products.


This paper examined whether the 13 types of nature experiences in childhood affected the acquisition of sociability of young people regardless their parents' support and which types of nature experiences contributed more. The subjects' data was collected from 1,210 high school and university students from 2008 to 2015. We trisected the number of people by the scores of parents' attitudes towards sociability. In addition, we combined the three groups with the frequency of the nature experiences (four levels). After factor analysis, the factor scores of these 12 groups were compared. Even if their parents' support was not enough, the sociability of young people who frequently experienced "breeding of insects", "plant cultivation", "playing with flowers" ,"camping", "exploration play / building a base", "pretend play / hide and seek","hiking / mountain climbing" and "hills and fields play" was cultivated.


The paper gives the calculation formulas of DC voltage of the contravariant module and peak current of the relative motor, selects the contravariant module according to the calculation results, and calculates the power consuming of the contravariant module by means of the parameters of the contravariant module.


Chapter exploring intermedial relations between cinema and digital technology in artists who work in more traditional media of painting, sculpture and film installation and were included in the touring exhibition Misdirect Movies. Theorists referred to: S. Cubitt, V. Burgin, D.N. Rodowick and G. Deleuze.


Poverty is a global and multi-dimensional issue that affect community's life. Poverty in its most general sense is the lack of necessities, basic food, shelter, medical care, and safety which influence the quality of life. Quality of life is a complex concept that incorporates many aspects of life, both material and non-material. Like many developing countries, in Nigeria, microfinance scheme plays a great role in improving the quality of life of its beneficiaries. This study is to examine the impact of microfinance scheme towards quality of life amongst the rural dwellers in Abia State of Nigeria. Specifically, this study examined the level of attitude, subjective norms, participation and quality of life among microfinance beneficiaries. This study also measured the mediating effect of participation on the relationship between attitude and subjective norm and quality of life. Simple stratified random sampling was used to select 391 respondents. The study covers all the 17 local government area of Abia State residents. Data was collected using developed questionnaires based on literature, concepts and related theory. The instruments were designed with 5 Likert scale and consists of five sections namely: the respondent's profile, attitude, subjective norm, participation and quality of life. Descriptive and inferential statistic such as Pearson correlation, and multiple regression was utilized to measure the relationship between the variables studied. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between attitude, subjective norms, participation and quality of life. Findings also revealed that there is a mediating effect of participation between attitude and quality of life. Similarly, analysis also revealed that there is a mediating effect of participation between subjective norms and quality of life. This means that participation in microfinance scheme has strong impact towards improving the quality of life for the rural dwellers in Abia State of Nigeria. This study also indicates that microfinance scheme initiated by the government is a tool for rural community development. As such, this initiative, as a form of economic community development, has the potential to be implemented on a wider scale to improve the life of the rural community in Nigeria.


Context: Quadriceps weakness is associated with disability and aberrant gait biomechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Strength-sufficiency cutoff scores, which normalize quadriceps strength to the mass of an individual, can predict who will report better function after ACLR. However, whether gait biomechanics differ between individuals who meet a strength-sufficiency cutoff (strong) and those who do not (weak) remains unknown. Objective: To determine whether vertical ground reaction force, knee-flexion angle, and internal knee-extension moment differ throughout the stance phase of walking between individ- uals with strong and those with weak quadriceps after ACLR. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Individuals who underwent unilateral ACLR . 12 months before testing were dichotomized into strong (n ¼ 31) and weak (n ¼ 116) groups. Main Outcome Measures: Maximal isometric quadriceps strength was measured at 90 8 of knee flexion using an isokinetic dynamometer and normalized to body mass. Individuals who demonstrated maximal isometric quadriceps strength (cid:2) 3.0 N (cid:3) m (cid:3) kg (cid:4) 1 were considered strong. Three-dimensional gait biomechanics were collected at a self-selected walking speed. Biomechanical data were time normalized to 100% of stance phase. Vertical ground reaction force was normalized to body weight (BW), and knee-extension moment was normalized to BW 3 height. Pairwise comparison functions were calculated for each outcome to identify between-groups differences for each percentile of stance. Results: Vertical ground reaction force was greater in the weak group for the first 22% of stance (peak mean difference [MD] ¼ 6.2% BW) and less in the weak group between 36% and 43% of stance (MD ¼ 1.4% BW). Knee-flexion angle was greater (ie, more flexion) in the strong group between 6% and 52% of stance (MD ¼ 2.3 8 ) and smaller (ie, less flexion) between 68% and 79% of stance (MD ¼ 1.0 8 ). Knee-extension moment was greater in the strong group between 7% and 62% of stance (MD ¼ 0.007 BW 3 height). Conclusions: Individuals with ACLR who generated knee-extension torque (cid:2) 3.0 N (cid:3) m (cid:3) kg (cid:4) 1 exhibited different biomechanical gait profiles than those who could not. More strength may allow for better energy attenuation after ACLR.


A 32-year-old woman presented for evaluation at 34 weeks gestation complaining of feeling swollen and short of breath for several days. By report, she had received good prenatal care, and a complete ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation revealed no fetal abnormalities and a normal 4-chambered heart. Imaging by the perinatologist prompted immediate referral for a fetal echocardiogram. This study revealed severe cardiomegaly with marked dilation of the left atrium and ventricle (Figure 1). There was normal visceral situs and normal atrioventricular alignment. The pulmonary artery originated from the left ventricle (Figure 2) and the aorta from the right ventricle (Figure 3), making the diagnosis transposition of the great arteries (TGA). The aortic and pulmonary valves were normal in size and architecture. The mitral valve appeared thickened and there was severe regurgitation (Figure 4). The atrial septum was intact and …


Epileptic seizure refers to a brief occurrence of signs in the brain caused by abnormally high or synchronized neuronal activity. With the utilization of EEG signal, the epileptic seizure can be identified. However, incorporating machine learning classifiers with this EEG data can significantly contribute in detecting epileptic seizure in an automated manner. In this paper, nine machine learning algorithms have been studied and models have been constructed by utilizing UCI Epileptic Seizure dataset. The performances of the ML models are noted and detailed comparative analysis has been exhibited for both hyperparameter tuning and without hyperparameter tuning. Random search cross validation has been used for tuning the hyperparameters. Satisfactory results have been witnessed in terms of different performance metrics like accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, FI-Score, and ROC. After simulation, Support Vector Machine (SVM) performed the best in terms of accuracy with over 97.86%. However, Random Forest (RF) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) also depicted promising accuracies of 97.50% and 97.26% respectively. Therefore, with proper implementation of the ML based diagnosis system, the patients having epileptic seizures can be identified and treated at an early stage.


The high-speed ADC time-interleaving sampling controllers with 2-channel or 4-channel were designed.Its sampling rate can be increased to 2 times and 4 times respectively.The CPU can not meet the speed requirements for high-speed ADC,so the paper used FPGA to achieve control.The controller used FPGA-chip PLL to generate sampling clocks with the equal phase difference,the output clock and control signals,and cross-processed the input data from all ADC time-interleaving sampling data,and then outputted high-speed synthesis of the sampling data.The simulation results show that the control algorithm for time-interleaving sampling can be realized.


398 22 APRIL 2016 • VOL 352 ISSUE 6284 sciencemag.org SCIENCE N o one knows exactly why resistance to malaria drugs always emerges first in this remote western province of Cambodia, nestled in the Cardamom Mountains. "The reasons are as much social as biological," says malariologist Tom Peto, who is here in this dusty, unremarkable-looking town battling the latest threat to global malaria control: multiple drug–resistant (MDR) malaria. Rubies certainly play a role. For decades, the gems and the once-lush stands of teak have lured people here, along the Thai border, where the forests and jungle are thick with mosquitoes that transmit the malaria parasite. Then there's Pailin's tragic history as the last stronghold of the Khmer Rouge, which left the population shattered, isolated, uneducated, suspicious, and devastatingly poor. Health care is abysmal; there is a surfeit of fake or lousy drugs—and a longstanding practice of not taking them all. Paradoxically, the low malaria transmission contributes, and there is something about the parasite circulating here, maybe its genetics, that helps it mutate fast and ensures that the hardiest, most resistant survive. Or maybe, says Peto, who is part of the Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, better known as MORU, in Bangkok, "it's because we look here first." Whatever the reason, this is where it starts. Resistance to chloroquine surfaced here in the 1950s before sweeping through the wider Mekong region and then into India and Africa, causing millions of deaths. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine went next, in the 1960s. Mefloquine failed in the 1970s. Then in late 2008 and 2009 came reports that rocked the malaria world: Artemisinin, the so-called wonder drug that has sent malaria deaths plummeting across the globe over the past decade, was losing its effectiveness here. That sparked global alarm and prompted an ultimately futile emergency plan to contain resistance in Cambodia before the last, best drug was lost. P O T O : P A U L A B R O N S T E IN / G E T T Y I M A G E S Can malaria be eliminated from the Mekong region before multiple-drug resistance makes it untreatable?


The patient, a man aged 35, had been five years in California. For two years he had been on a sheep farm, driving two horses which he fed and watered. One of these, a black mare, in the spring of 1924 periodically had lumps from her jaw down the neck to the breast, and between her hind legs. The mare was given medicine and the lumps went. She was working all the time and eating well. The patient was with her for twelve months after she recovered. He was taken ill on March 25, 1925, with what was called influenza, but developed a swelling in the calf of his right leg. On May 3 he went to hospital and there developed a swelling in his left leg. This welling was aspirated and the fluid sent to the Lane and Stanford University Hospital, California, whither he was also transferred. A guinea-pig was inoculated with the fluid and developed swelling of its testicles and died. A diagnosis of general glanders was made. The man was transferred back to Merser County Hospital in September. A month later the skin broke...


ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to produce reference data for the study and identification of fibres of carbonised excavated textiles. Thus, the effects of carbonisation (incomplete burning) on the morphology and dimensions of selected fibres used in textile production were investigated. A set of standard test, commercial, and hand-made fabrics, of four cellulosic (cotton, flax, hemp, nettle) and two proteinaceous (silk, wool/ wool felt) fibres, were used for the experiments. Samples were carbonised in a limited oxygen environment at 250, 350, and 500°C for one hour (apart from the wool samples for which the duration of the experiment had to be lowered to six minutes). Wool and silk samples were destroyed at temperatures above 250°C. All cellulosic and the silk samples shrank and their weight was reduced at different percentages that increased as the temperature increased. Exceptionally, wool textile samples exhibited extreme shrinkage but also an increase in their weight. Similarly, the fibre diameters of the cellulosic and silk fibres shrunk gradually at different degrees as the temperature increased, and some exhibited marked degradation patterns, like lacerations in flax, ridges in hemp, raggedness in nettle, and cracks in silk fibres. Wool fibres swell locally but retained the scale pattern on the surface. In general, an increase in the weave count of the textile samples was observed. However, the morphology of the fibres characteristic to their identification did not alter to an unrecognisable degree as a result of artificial carbonisation, as long as the material was preserved.


PtAu8(PPh3)8(NO3)2 is formed by the reaction of H2 with Au(PPh3)NO3 and either Pt(PPh3)3 or Pt(COD)(NO3)2. The metal frame is a centred crown, with a phosphine bonded to each peripheral metal atom. 31P NMR and Mossbauer spectroscopy showed that Pt is in the centre and that the 8 Au atoms are on the crown. A FAB mass spectrum confirmed the indicated composition and showed that no hydrides are present. In an electrochemical study, the cluster could be reduced in two reversible one-electron steps at -1.14 and -1.29 V vs SSCE. The growth of the PtAun clusters is discussed in terms of oxidative addition of H2 to Pt and electrophilic substitution of AuPPh3+.


The present investigations focus on the mixing and combustion enhancement capabilities of a boundary layer entering a combustion chamber. Numerical investigations for both a generic configuration and a real ramp compression intake of a full-scale vehicle with a combustion chamber height of 0.3 m were performed. The flow condition is chosen according to possible conditions in a scramjet combustion chamber with 1300-kelvin static temperature, 1-bar static pressure, and a Mach number of 3. The results of this sensitivity study show that both mixing and combustion efficiency are significantly increased due to the turbulence of the incoming boundary layer, whereas the required injector spacing to reach optimum mixing and combustion has to be increased. In addition to the classical porthole injection, an injection system with hypermixing capabilities was investigated which showed comparable sensitivities.


Abstract : The significance of this research and development to the Air Force is that slow, low flying aircraft and moving ground vehicles may be detected by employing an adaptively controlled antenna array with an AMTI radar set, conformally mounted in a high performance jet aircraft. Clutter cancellation is achieved through moving the active subaperture of the phased array to the rear of the aircraft with the transmission and reception of each pulse. The control unit which forms these subapertures employes a Guided Accelerated Random Search algorithm to minimize the cancelled clutter power at the output of a two-pulse canceller. Analysis of AMTI radar systems and random scattering properties of the ground led to a computer simulation of the adaptively controlled system described above. Results of this simulation demonstrate that five-foot subapertures consisting of adjacent elements from a linear uniformly spaced phased array can be adaptively controlled to cancel clutter power by better than 40 dB under a wide variety of flight conditions. Degradation in clutter cancellation from this figure due to random element spacing is nominally 20 dB.


This study aims to determine the effect of the use of 12 mm Netafim (NTF) pipe and " pvc on a multilevel drip irrigation network, on the ability of irrigation uniformity and irrigation distribution on polybag land. The test was carried out on variations in tower water heights of 220 cm, 120 cm and 30 cm on the lateral drip pipe, data analysis was carried out on irrigation uniformity (CU), and the distribution of irrigation water volume at each network level. The research was conducted on a land area of 1.5 m x 4 m x 2 m, the distance between the irrigation level is 1 m and the tower height is 2.5 m. Based on the results of the analysis, irrigation uniformity was obtained about 95%, with a difference in irrigation volume between levels of about 2 ml – 3 ml in the combination of PVC and NTF, whereas if the drip pipe with NTF alone there was a difference in volume of about 20 ml. With the use of PVC with dripers on the 2nd and 3rd floors, and the use of NTF pipes on the 1st floor, it can improve the shortcomings of the multilevel irrigation system


The horizon of a flat Friedmann--Robertson--Walker (FRW) universe is considered to be dynamic when the Hubble parameter $H$ and the Hubble radius $r_{H}$ vary with time, unlike for de Sitter universes. To clarify the thermodynamics on a dynamic horizon, the evolution of a dynamical Kodama--Hayward temperature and Bekenstein--Hawking entropy on the horizon of a flat FRW universe is examined in a $\Lambda(t)$ model similar to time-varying $\Lambda(t)$ cosmologies. The $\Lambda(t)$ model includes both a power-law term proportional to $H^{\alpha}$ (where $\alpha$ is a free variable) and the equation of state parameter $w$, extending a previous analysis [Phys. Rev. D 100, 123545 (2019) (arXiv:1911.08306)]. Using the present model, a matter-dominated universe ($w=0$) and a radiation-dominated universe ($w=1/3$) are examined, setting $\alpha<2$. Both universes tend to approach de Sitter universes and satisfy the maximization of entropy in the last stage. The evolution of several parameters (such as the Bekenstein--Hawking entropy) is similar for both $w=0$ and $w=1/3$, though the dynamical temperature $T_{H}$ is different. In particular, $T_{H}$ is found to be constant when $w=1/3$ with $\alpha=1$, although $H$ and $r_{H}$ vary with time. To discuss this case, the specific conditions required for constant $T_{H}$ are examined. Applying the specific condition to the present model gives a cosmological model that can describe a universe at constant $T_{H}$, as if the dynamic horizon is in contact with a heat bath. The relaxation processes for the universe are also discussed.


In this work we aim to investigate the importance of cepstral coefficients (CC) of Photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal in the estimation of noninvasive blood glucose levels (BGL). Cepstral features are widely used in speech signal processing applications such as robust speech recognition and speech synthesis. We recorded PPG signal of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. We computed 1) frame based and 2) single pulse based cepstral coefficients of PPG signal to estimate BGL values. The performance of the frame based and single pulse based technique using CC features for BGL estimation are compared based on four performance metrics namely 1) Coefficient of determination i.e. R2, 2) Spearman's and 3)Pearson coefficient of correlation and 4) Clarke error grid analysis. We found that Cepstral features based on single pulse technique outperforms frame based technique in terms of above mentioned performance metrics. We obtained highest R2, Spearman and Pearson coefficient values of 0.90, 0.94, and 0.95 respectively. We also implemented Clarke error grid analysis which is clinically accepted method in BGL estimation. Using Single Pulse technique we obtained 85.2% BGL values in Class A and 13.6% values in class B, where estimation in both classes are clinically accepted. in class B, where estimation in both classes are clinically accepted.


Land surveyors in their capacity as land professional pursue their profession within the context of human rights law and are thus challenged to entrench human rights and human right approaches in their daily professional duties. The aim of this paper is to review the issue of property within international and regional human rights law and to deduct interfaces with the land surveyor's profession.


Mouse bone marrow forms colonies of granulocytes and monocytic phagocytes when cultured in the presence of human plasma, urine or "feeder layers" prepared from human leukocytes. By contrast, human marrow produces colonies in the presence of leukocyte feeder layers but not in the presence of plasma or urine. It has been tacitly assumed that the response of mouse marrow to human blood leukocyte feeder layers is a measure of physiological substances released by those leukocytes which might control human granulopoiesis. This assumption however, has never been put to the test by comparing the response of mouse and human marrow to stimulation by leukocytes from the same individual. This has been done in the present study by using leukocytes from normal and leukemic subjects. Different human marrows responded similarly to stimulation by the same normal feeder layers, but there was no quantitative or qualitative correlation between the response of human and mouse marrows. Feeder layers from patients with acute granulocytic leukemia did not stimulate colony growth in normal human marrow but were as potent in stimulating mouse marrow colony growth as were feeder layers of normal leukocytes.


Difficulties arising from failure to separate the concepts of orienting behavior, conditioning, and learning are discussed. The major reasons for ambiguity are lack of explicit definitions of terms and a tendency to overgeneralize from limited empirical demonstrations. Criteria are needed for differentiating learning, viewed generically, from conditioning, where learning is inferred from a specific stimulational arrangement. Because unlearned orienting behavior due to stimulus chaise may contribute to responses also involving learned behavior, the contribution of each needs to be assessed. At the same time, orienting behavior, as a class of behavior related to attention, may have learned as well as unlearned components. Confusion results from failure to specify assumed connotations in specific situations, as well as the experimental presuppositions involved in empirical definitions.

The two basic experimental paradigms for defining learning are discussed, the control groups arrangement and the control stimuli arrangement. Data are presented to reemphasize that different paradigms may lead to quite different laws. The research task is seen as the careful utilization of variations on the paradigms with special extensions and control considerations for increasing the explanatory power of tests of learning and orientation.


Spruces are an important tree species in Xinjiang. Accurate estimation of spruce biomass plays an important role in evaluating forest ecological structure and forest carbon balance in Xinjiang. In this study, we collected the relevant literature of Xinjiang spruce biomass estimation model from CNKI, Web of Science and the National Public Service Platform for Standards Information by constructing a retrieval method. And we collated the literature and used CiteSpace software for visualized mapping, so as to create a dataset of biomass estimation models and parameters of spruces in Xinjiang from 1980 to 2021. Biomass estimation models consist of biomass estimation models based on measurable factors and biomass estimation models based on remote sensing, machine learning algorithm. The former has 13 types, 101 fitting formulas, applicable to the estimation of different spruce organs, and the ground biomass; the latter has 3 types, 12 fitting formulas, suitable for the estimation of spruce forest biomass. This dataset can provide model data support for the study on spruce biomass estimation in Xinjiang.


PURPOSE: To allow a business form processing system to use an accurate business form knowledge when there are a great deal of handling business form types, and also prevent the decrease of accuracy in the business form processing even if a printing person and printing time are different in the same business form type. CONSTITUTION: In the business form printing, a variety of business form knowledge with respect to the business form such as the business form types, processing method and a format is held on the business form to extract and use the business form knowledge in the business form processing. Also, in the business form pre-printing, the business form knowledge with respect to the business form types is held on the business form space. In the business form contents printing, the business form knowledge being held beforehand on the space of the business form printed in the business form pre-printing is extracted and the business form contents are printed according to the business form knowledge.


A Corrugated Substrate Integrated Waveguide (CSIW) with rectangle ring slot is proposed and designed for leaky wave antennas (LWA) capable of beam scanning from backward to forward directions. The rectangular ring slot does not only enable the energy leaking, but also provides serial capacitance. In addition, the grounded vias and quarter-wave open-circuit stubs provide shunt inductance. Thus, the proposed CSIW exhibits lefthanded characteristics which enable beam scanning through the broadside. To suppress the stop-band, an equivalent circuit model is developed. Finally, a balanced leaky wave antenna is designed with a radiation angle from −53° to 23° with the frequency ranging from 9.8 GHz to 12 GHz, and the gain is better than 8.5 dB and the maximum gain achieves 10.7 dB.


Violence is an unfortunate and unpleasant aspect of many sporting contests. It is a challenging task to unravel the complex reasons that underly the phenomenon. As of yet this task has not been accomplished fully. This paper will assess the relative importance of a number of factors that contribute to sports violence, and will suggest remedies to the problem. A wide variety of psychological, social, situational, and moral forces are examined. The paper suggests that a powerful socialization process is the primary determinant of sports violence but that other factors also play a significant mediating role. A conceptual model of the aggression process is presented, which suggests ways to curb violent behavior. It is concluded that socialization forces, particularly reinforcement, are the most readily manipulated in order to control violence in sport.


Deburring is a significant area of research for robot application. However, it is difficult to obtain details on this important topic in mo dern text books and archival journal papers. Therefore, in general, the engineer is subjected to a time consuming decision making process that usually involves trial-and-error procedures. This chapter will attempt to organize important know-how and field experience, in a logical sequence, so that the engineer can use the information in a straightforward manner. The chapter will provide important details on various types of tools, material selections, robots and station concepts, and programming. This information will help reduce the trial-and-error approach, which is a significant drain on time and money. The contents of this chapter will also provide the opportunity to obtain an optimal solution to the problems associated with deburring. The chapter is arranged as follows. Section 2 defines a burr and presents background information on the automation systems for the deburring process. The process is classified by the types of burr and the work material. Sections 3 gives a brief introduction to robots for the deburring process. Section 4 discusses the tools of a robot deburring system including, the spindle motor, tool holders, and tool selection. Section 5 focuses on the rotation-type burr tool; i.e., deburring by a solid rotating file. The rotating file is the most commonly used at the present time. Section 6 focuses on the deburring operation and includes a discussion of potential problems in the deburring process. Section 7 presents a discussion of the selection of tools for different applications. Finally, Section 8 addresses the problems associated with the cutting and deburring of polymers and die castings. The material in this chapter is based on the reports and experiences of experts in Europe, the United States of America, Japan, and Korea.


Q>i 'Covariate function' in the generalized (non-) linear models [(4.5.2), (4.12.3)] An Design matrix in the generalized linear models [(4.5.5)] B Parameter space. Subset of finite-dimensional vector space [Section 2.2] B_n(δ) Relatively open neighbourhood of βo [(4.2.8)] Bn(δ) Relatively closed neighbourhood of βo [(4.2.9)] C The complex numbers Cjc(β) Constant in the mixed cumulant conditions [Theorem 2.4.2] D The infinite sequence of log-likelihood differentials [Section 2.8] Dk(β) The fcth log-likelihood differential at β [(2.2.1)] &k \β) The A th log-likelihood differential at β for the nth model in a sequence [(4.2.2), (5.1.5)] Dk,i(β) The fcth log-likelihood differential at β in the model for Yί [(5.1.4)] E The sample space [Section 2.2] E^ The sample space for the nth model in a sequence [(4.2.1)] f(y]β) The density function in a model [Section 2.2] ( \ ( ) The density function in the nth model in a sequence [(4.2.1), (5.1.3)] The density function in the model for Y{ in Chapter 5 [(5.1.1)] I(β) The Fisher information at β [(2.3.16)] ^\ The Fisher information at β for the nth model in a sequence [(4.2.4), (5.1.6)] ) The class of linear mappings from V to W [Definition 1.1.1] ; W) The class of fc-linear mappings from V to W [Definition 1.1.2] N The natural numbers JV(μ, Γ) The normal distribution with mean μ and variance Γ [Definition 4.2.2] R The real numbers Sm(k) The set of sequences (au..., am) G N m with Σ j = * [(1.2.24)] SymA.(V r W) The class of ^-linear symmetric mappings from V to W [Definition 1.1.2] T The infinite sequence of centered log-likelihood differentials [Section 2.8] T(k) The set of sequences (au . . . , ak) G N§ with ΣJCLJ = k [(1.2.23)] Ua(βo) The α-distance neighbourhood of the parameter point β0 [(2.3.1)]


Howard (1833a) made the first documented observation of a temperature difference between an urban area and its rural environment. Manley (1958) termed this contrast the "urban heat island (UHI)". The UHI has now become a widely acknowledged, observed, and researched phenomenon because of its broad implications. It is estimated that by the year 2025, 60% of the world's population will live in cities (UNFP, 1999). In the United States, the current urban growth rate is approximately 12.5%, with 80% currently living in urban areas. The U.S. population is not only growing but is tending to concentrate more in urban areas in coastal zones (Culliton et al. 1990). As cities continue to grow, urban sprawl creates unique problems related to land use, transportation, agriculture, housing, pollution, and development for policymakers. Urban expansion and its associated urban heat islands also have measurable impacts on weather and climate processes. The UHI has been documented in the literature to affect local and regional temperature distributions (Hafner and Kidder 1999), wind patterns (Hjemfelt, 1982), and air quality (Bornstein and Lin, 1999). The UHI may also impact the global water cycle through development of clouds and precipitation in and around cities.


The number of Syrian refugees residing in Turkey has increased over 200 times since 2012 reaching to 3,621,330 (April 2019). Turkey has granted temporary protection status, including access healthcare in the city of registration. Ministry of Health provides on-site health service in temporary shelters, however more than 90% of the Syrian refugees choose to stay in community settings, which along with language barriers limits their ability to access health care and information.
 With UNFPA we have designed a health mediator model to improve access to health care and awareness on priority concerns such as mental health, reproductive health, child health, health system in Turkey and legal status provided to Syrian refugees. This study is a participatory operational research to test the health mediator model. Operationalization took place in 3 phases: (1) selection and training of Syrian health mediators and provincial coordinators; (2) household visits and data collection; (3) evaluation and supervision.
 So far, we have trained 174 health mediators from 24 different Turkish cities. Training took 5 days with up to 30 participants each. UNFPA collaborated with NGOs that work with Syrian refugees for coordination purposes. Health mediators made household visits to reach out to Syrian families, gave health education and where necessary support for access to health care services, and conducted a needs assessment. Data collected has been the subject to weekly supervision meetings by local NGOs, health mediators and coordinators to set priorities for the upcoming week.
 Health mediator model was effective in reaching out to hard-to-reach groups among Syrian refugees, increased health system and legal awareness, contribute to improved healthcare access and prevention of negative health outcomes such as teenage marriages and pregnancies.
 Inclusion of refugees in decision-making and guidance during the implementation of the project was key for project success.


The author analyses maintenance and structure of a modern lesson in comprehensive school focusing on failings which often occur in planning and conducting a lesson, such as planning very carefully a single lesson without sufficient connection with a set of lessons, weak knowledge of a personality of schoolchildren and class groups, disparity of methods of teaching maintenance and structure of a lesson, insufficient application of home assignments, etc.


role of women in their formation and organisation. The number of women involved in this type of popular mobilisation has rapidly increased since the 1970s, with women presently constituting, on average, around 80 per cent of participants (Corcoran-Nantes, 1988). Women's roles as leaders and representatives of the popular classes in a wide range of political protests related to urbanisation, employment and the provision of basic services contrasts markedly with their position in political parties and trade unions where they tend to be heavily under-represented in numerical terms, and their interests are not clearly articulated in political programmes and objectives (Tabak, 1983; Schmink, 1981).1 This makes popular movements a challenging area in which to investigate the nature of women's political participation; popular movements may represent a more practical political option for women, thereby offering scope to analyse why, how and when women participate, rather than emphasising the limits of their political involvement. The material on which this article is based arises out of a wider research project conducted on the role of women in the organisation and formation of popular urban social movements in Brazil.2 Fieldwork was undertaken in Sao Paulo during the period 1983-1985, and concentrated on three popular movements: O Movimento de Saude (The Health Movement?formed originally in 1973 with the aim to improve medical services at both the local and regional level), O Movimento de Favela (The Favela Movement? founded in 1976 to secure land title and to improve services and infra? structure in the settlements) and O Movimento dos Desempregados (The Unemployed Movement?formed in 1983 to solve immediate problems of unemployment through demands for unemployment benefit, 'workfronts' [employment schemes] and so on) (see Corcoran-Nantes, 1988). These popular movements are representative of the wide range of movements which existed, and continue to exist, in the urban periphery of Sao Paulo. One common feature is that participants in these movements are either exclus? ively or predominantly women. Health, housing and unemployment are typical of the kind of social


In 2004, in the beginning of the first president Lula mandate, a complete regulatory reform of electricity was launched. In 2008, four years after, Brazilian Congress started an investigation of the causes of Brazilian relatively high electricity tariffs. The results of the investigation pointed out numerous reasons, but failed to identify generation costs as one of the main causes. In this paper the analysis done by Congress is broadened addressing the trend in electricity production costs. The main conclusions are that the implementation of auctions together with subsidies from state enterprises did not reduce future acquisition costs as much as expected, but successfully reduced the rhythm of price increases. The long run marginal expansion cost is increasing very fast because new hydro plants are ever more distant of consumption centers and environmental costs are difficult to mitigate. Thermal plants and other technologies, though increasing in importance, still have much higher prices. In case prices reflected marginal incremental costs, electricity prices would have been much higher. The fact that consumers do not see such high incremental costs, allow them to take wrong consumption decisions. As consumers are able to buy at prices lower than marginal cost, consumption levels go too far. Demand increases amplify the electricity market gap and reinforce the necessity of new investments.


This article analyzes the mechanism to produce and develop the reflection cracks.The method of the break and compaction is able to change the old cement concrete plates into the system like the semi-rigid road base,and eliminate or weaken the induced factors.This method is one of the effective technical measures to prevent the asphalt concrete coating structure on the cement concrete pavement from the appearance of the reflection cracks.Meanwhile,it describes the construction process of the break and compaction and gives the design method of the coating thickness according to foreign relevant data.


On the basis of the author's teaching practice and research,this article summarizes the effective methods in the teaching process in AutoCAD course,which effectively enhance the students' study interest and the teaching effect of AutoCAD course.


Besides plasticizing capacity, the reaction function should be taken into account when a reaction extruder is being designed. The main demands on reaction extruder refer to the delivering of energy, the residence time and distribution of residence time of the polymer through the extruder. Based on the dynamic analysis of the silane grafting reaction, a 4 stage single screw reaction extruder was proposed. The especially designed reaction stage follows the homogenizing stage. The purpose of introducing the reaction stage is explained to increase residence time of the polymer and decrease excessive shearing of the grafted polymer. Experiments indicate that by introducing reaction stage the grafting efficiency of the extruder is enhanced evidently. In this paper the design principle of the 4 stage single screw reaction extruder was discussed. In addition, a simplified formulation for estimating the residence time of the melt polymer was proposed.


Philosophers of religion of the Cracow Circle (1934-1944) are the principal precursors of what is now called the  analytic philosophy of religion . The widespread claim that the analytic philosophy of religion was from the beginning an Anglo-American affair is an ill-informed one. It is demonstrable that the enterprise, although not the label "analytic philosophy of religion," appeared in Poland in the 1930's. Jozef Bochenski's post-war work is a development of the Cracow Circle's pre-war work in the analytic philosophy of religion, or at least of important elements of that earlier work. Bochenski's approach in his  Logic of Religion  is quite original and might still be profitably studied and discussed by philosophers of religion of the analytic persuasion.


The detector properties and carrier dynamics of type IIa diamonds are reasonably well understood. The trends in the electron and hole mobilities have been characterized as a function of temperature, impurity content, electric field and carrier density. The carrier lifetimes are coupled through the nitrogen impurity. This leaves us with typical samples with collection distances of 20 to 50 micrometers. The detailed dynamics of the carriers can be modeled using a rate equation analysis. Much progress has been made in understanding the detector properties of diamond, but continued progress has been limited by the geologic processes used to make the material, for example sample size and no synthesis control. CVD diamond promises to eliminate these restrictions.


Good clinical results are the decisive factor in the acceptance of a novel procedure by the medical profession. However promising results of experiments may be, it is only the clinical application that proves their practical value. Inappropriate application or undeserved criticism can discredit new ideas easily. There is a tendency to overestimate the possibilities of new procedures, to apply them too widely, and then, on the basis of unsatisfactory results, to declare them as failures and to warn against their use. The above ideas apply to ligation of the hepatic artery for portal hypertension, a procedure for which definite indications and contraindications have not yet been established. In the following report, we want to point out experimental observations that may be of clinical value and that may explain some of the clinical failures. The liver obtains oxygen from both arterial and venous blood, and it has been claimed x that


Abstract The healing power of psychodynamically oriented therapy and training groups rests, to a large degree, upon the quality of the here and now interactions. For the work to be effective, the basic principles of analytic group work need to be followed, including the observance of no extra–group contact. Simply said, nothing leaves the room. This principle has both ethical and clinical implications. It is my premise that while some forms of outside contact between members are relatively benign, other types are not. Outside contact that is built into the fabric and context of the group may pose a risk, as may be the case where dual relationships exist between members. The impact of dual relationships between group members in the particular instance of analytic training institutes is the focus of this article. What happens to the transference in this context when members reveal too much of their personal lives to each other through dual relationships is explored. It is suggested that extra–group contact can disrupt the balance between reality and transference distortion in group interactions in at least three ways: (a) "The Emperor's New Clothes" effect, (b) looping, and (c) gaslighting. Vignettes are presented to illustrate these phenomena and suggestions for reform are offered.


The oil-air lubrication as a new-type lubrication technology overcame many shortcomings of traditional lubricating ways.The ultra-low oil consumption and zero emission are the outstanding advantages of oil-air lubrication.The oil-air lubrication system is composed mainly of the flow divider,oil-air shaker and electric control device.The flow divider and oil-air shaker can reasonably assign the oil-air dosage to each lubricating site to ensure the lubrication effect and economical efficiency of oil consumption.The electric control device can realize the real-time monitoring and self-diagnosis to protect the system.The oil-air lubrication can be wide used in many fields.


Three phosphorylcholines with symmetrically branched alkyl chains [(CnH2n+1)2 CHOPO3- (CH2)2N(CH3)3+] (la-c) have been synthesized. The synthesis involves three steps: (1) reaction of the alcohol (CnH2n+1)2CHOH, (n = 6, 8, 10) with 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane in the presence of triethylamine; (2) oxidation of the resulting trialkyl phosphite with nitrogen dioxide and (3) ring opening of the cyclic phosphate triester by trimethylamine in acetonitrile. When suspended in water, these amphiphiles all form bilayer vesicles as revealed by electron microscopy and NMR spectroscopy. The vesicles have diameters of 300-1000 angstrom and are stable for more than a week.


A method to determine the severity level of dispute policy in the set of dispute policy is presented. In this method, RPSL is extended to enable to describe the relationship between ASes that arises from the commercial contract. A simulation instance is given in order to explain results of this method.


Because of the too small damage strain of brittle materials such as rock, ceramic or concrete, the specimen always breaks during the initial rising slope or oscillatory part of loading waves, and this makes it impossible to obtain their absolute properties under high stain rate by conventional Hopkinson pressure bar technique. An novel experimental method, pre-gap method, presented here can make the incident wave have no initial rising slope and less oscillation, which can diminish the errors effectively in test results caused by wave dispersion. In addition, this method can also make the strain rate history even more constant, as the specimen avoids being compressed under the unstable rising slope of loading waves. Therefore, this pre-gap method can not only improve the accuracy of test results, but also afford a special and feasible way to perform high strain rate tests on brittle materials by Hopkinson pressure bar.


According to the basic principle of the rapid fabrication method of carbon/carbon composite by liquid phase vaporization densification (LPVD), a self made specific stove for this process has been built in our laboratory. Through the preliminary experiments, it is found that carbon carbon composite with a density of 1.7 g/cm 3 or higher can be made within only several hours. The densification rate is estimated to be as high as 37 g/h. The polarization microscope characterization reveals that the pyrolytic carbons in the small holes in the carbon/carbon composites are mainly anisotropy, on the other hand, those pyrolytic carbons in bigger holes in the composites are primarily rough laminar(RL). The growth pattern of pyrolytic carbons in the carbon/carbon composites is proposed in the paper, which is in the cylinder form grown around the carbon fiber and in continuous ring like form.


Oil palm plantations on tidal swamp land are increasing with the potential of land reach 20.1 million hectares due to unavailable mineral land which can be used. The limitation of optimal land for oil palm in Indonesia is currently a factor that encourages the use of sub-optimal land, one of which is tidal land. The use of tidal land has certain constraints such as soil acidity, low soil fertility, poor soil drainage conditions, lack of water and increased pyrite oxidation during dry periods which have a negative impact on oil palm growth and productivity. This preliminary study examines the effects of existing  water governance to get the right solution and can be applied in the future. Modeling on HEC-RAS 4.1 software produces a simulation of the physical phenomena of channels in the land. The overall results show that the condition of the water governance system in the observation block is not optimal so that the inundated areas range from 65% due to the lack of good water management systems such as the drainage of the canals, the lack of water buildings and even the sluices so that in an uncontrolled area. This obstacle can be overcome by improving water management, such as canal washing, construction of water buildings, including culverts, bridges, crop harvesting, stoplogs and sluice gates. Water management system plays an important role in controlling water in the garden area so that in the rainy season, water can be channeled to outlets and in the dry season, water can survive in the garden area.This study is expected to be a reference in improving the water management system in that location.


The Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is a popular algorithm employed for visual scene segmentation. In this paper we present an investigation into a real-time implementation of the algorithm on an embedded TI DM642 DSP platform suitable for outdoor and indoor surveillance applications. We present a number of possible implementations in fixed-point arithmetic and investigate their respective performances over varying model parameters. We discuss a number of different optimisations capitalising on the DSP architecture that lead to a flexible and efficient video object segmentation working prototype system.


7575Background: PCNSL pts are treated with HDMTX-based chemo, which requires hospitalization and extensive expertise to manage toxicity. R-CHOP could overcome these troubles, but CNS access of rela...


The patient is a 50 years old woman, known case of major depression, brought to
emergency ward of Tabriz Imam Reza hospital with chief complaint of blindness.
Half an hour before coming to ED, she said that she can't see anything suddenly. The
patient triaged to acute ward. Vital signs at the first visit: Blood pressure was 220/100,
respiratory rate was 20, pulse rate 89 beat per minute, her temperature was 37.1 Axillary,
and she was oriented. Hear visual acuity was in hand motion in both eyes, Physical exam
was normal, a cranial CT scan without contrast material showed bilateral low-density
areas involving the white matter of the parieto-occipital lobe with extension into the gray
matter of the right posterior parietal lobe.
In Cranial T2-weighted MRI showed increased signal intensity in the occipital lobes
bilaterally, centered at the gray matter–white matter junction. T1-weighted images
showed hypointensities in these areas. Attention to brain CT and MRI finding when we
put this finding beside the history and physical exam, the nearest and best diagnosis is
Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome. As this case report is
about Posterior Leukoencephalopathy a more convincing statement surrounding the
certainty of the diagnosis is needed.