Objective: The management and the prognostic role of blood pressure (BP) during the acute phase of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) still remain controversial. Time in target range (TTR) of BP was recently introduced and is suggested that reflects both patient's mean BP levels and the magnitude of BP variability (BPV). The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of blood pressure TTR derived from 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), during the acute phase of AIS, with the severity of stroke and its predictive value for the 3 months outcome. Design and method: A total of 228 AIS patients (175 without prior disability) underwent ABPM every 20 minutes within 48 hours from onset using an automated oscillometric device (TM 2430, A&D Company Ltd). Clinical and laboratory findings were recorded. Mean BP parameters, BPV (standard deviation) and TTR for systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were calculated. Endpoints were death and disability/death at 3 months. Results: A total of 14,942 BP measurements were recorded (~66 per AIS patient) within 72 hours of stroke onset. Patient's 24-hour blood pressure TTR was 34.7 ± 29.9%, 64.3 ± 24.2% and 55.3 ± 29.4% for SBP, DBP and MAP respectively. TTR of DBP and MAP differed according to stroke severity with a "J'' association in all AIS patents. In patients without prior hypertension, TTR was lower as stroke severity increased for both DBP (p = 0.031) and MAP (p = 0.016). In 175 patients without prior disability, increase in TTR of DBP and MAP associated significantly with a decreased risk of disability/death in the unadjusted and fully adjusted models (HR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98, p = 0.001 and HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95–0.98, p = 0.001). Increase in SBP TTR was associated significantly with an increased risk of disability/death in fully adjusted model with the addition of mean SBP (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.00–1.07, p = 0.047). Conclusions: TTR can be included for a more detailed description of BP course, according to stroke severity, and for the evaluation of BP predictive role, in addition to mean BP values, derived from ABPM during the acute phase of AIS.


The goals of this thesis are to first examine prominent arguments in philosophical and religious ethics regarding the morality of induced abortions, and then to create my own moral argument regarding induced abortion by drawing a line during fetal development. I will first discuss the biological stages of fetal development, the effects of pregnancy on a pregnant woman, and the mechanics of common induced abortion procedures. Next, I will present and analyze renowned philosophical arguments regarding the morality of abortion. Then, I will present and analyze arguments regarding the morality of induced abortions drawn from two religious traditions - Roman Catholicism and Reform Judaism. Finally, I will present my moral argument, which picks out a discrete stage of fetal development that determines the morality of induced abortion.


Bound solitons are observed in a fiber laser passively mode-locked by carbon nanotube saturable absorber for the first time. Such bound solitons are observed to be stable, and have the characteristic of discrete, fixed soliton separations and phase difference of π. Our results once again show that the bound soliton emission is an intrinsic feature of the mode-locked soliton fiber lasers.


[Chemical analysis of Prunus persica heart wood resulted in the isolation of beta-sitosterol and its D-glucoside, hentriacontane, hentricontanol and the flavonoids naringenin, dihy-drokaempferol, kaempferol and quercetin.


Aesthetic values and the perception of suburban landscapes. Every suburban area is individual in character, which results primarily from the location, the extent of a given town, the industrialisation processes as well as economic and social signifi cance. The protection of landscape values, especially in those areas which are slightly changed, is an essential landscape planning issue. The main goal of this research study is to analyse the historical and current situation of the Kerstlingeröder Feld suburb in Göttingen (Lower Saxony, Germany) in the context of the protection of aesthetic values, including cultural, natural and historical ones. In order to do this, it was necessary to identify the visual landscape elements that infl uence the area analysed. Furthermore, the landscape preferences of visitors to Kerstlingeröder Feld were analysed using an interview based on historical pictures to fi nd their opinions on the historical development of the landscape. The interviews showed that the preferred landscape was the one from 1940, whose natural and cultural elements could be clearly identifi ed. The results of the study confi rmed that aesthetic values (natural, cultural, historical) identifi ed by experts and the opinions of participants about their landscape preferences are both essential factors in landscape planning issues.


Part 2: How demand-side management, general storage considerations, and point-of-use logic can help you to properly design a compressed air system.


The reaction of polymeric [Ni(tzdt) 2 ] (tzdt=1,3-thiazolidine-2-thionate) with pyridine affords two different compounds depending on the conditions employed: [Ni(tzdt) 2 (py) 2 ] in dry pyridine and [Ni 4 (OH) 4 (tzdt) 4 (py) 4 ].2py with an excess of water. The former, mononuclear and paramagnetic, shows the nickel atom in an octahedral environment, while the latter has a cubanelike structure crystallizing in the tetragonal system: space group P42 l c, Z=8,a= 11.969 (5) A,c=18.357 (9) A, and V=2629 (2) A 3


The main objectives of this study were to identify and quantify anthocyanin content in acerola juices and to determine the antioxidant capacity of the juices. Anthocyanin content was analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatograph connected to a diode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS). The antioxidant capacity was determined by the 2,2´-diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. The ascorbic acid content was determined by HPLC. The frozen single-strength acerola juice presented 53.60 mg total anthocyanin for 100 mL with predominance of cyanidin 3-rhamnoside as individual anthocyanin. The frozen single-strength juice showed 306.77 and 85.29 mmole Trolox equivalent for 100 mL juice respectively for DPPH and ORAC antioxidant values. The ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content was found to be 4440 mg for 100 mL single-strength juice. Anthocyanin and ascorbic acid seemed to be the major contributors of the antioxidant capacity of the juice. Overall, this study shows that acerola juice is good source of anthocyanin pigment, an outstanding source of ascorbic acid and a potential good source of antioxidant.


"16 new recent video works-in-progress. This album of video sketches presented at Video In, Vancouver, 9.27.07 Playlist with bonus tracks." -- DVD case.


Abstract Before the building of the national railway network in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, moving goods by water was cheaper, and frequently quicker and safer than overland carriage. England's rivers were therefore of major importance in the conduct and development of internal trade in the early modern period, but their contribution was limited by a number of factors both natural and man-made. Most waterways were too short or too shallow to be used by boats of a commercial size; they ran at an angle to the most direct route between trading centres; or they were controlled by competing interests for whom water was a source of power not a means of transport. The Severn, however. in spite of numerous shoals, sandbanks and fish weirs, was navigable for a distance of over 120 miles from its estuary to Pool Quay in mid Wales. It provided a direct connection between the port of Bristol and a set of interconnected economic subregions producing a diverse range of agricultural and industrial surp...


Let p be a prime number and K a number field containing a primitive p-th root of unity. It is known that an unramified cyclic extension L/K of degree p has a power integral basis if it has a normal integral basis. We show that for all p, the converse is not true in general.


Background: Cancer detection systems using arti�cial intelligence (AI) are a rapidly growing research area, in breast cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is the recommended surgical axillary staging method in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer, although approximately 75–80% have a negative sentinel lymph node (N0) status in the �nal pathology report. Previous prediction models for N0 status included variables only available postoperatively, thus defeating their purpose. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether two AI systems, Transpara (Screenpoint Medical) and Laboratory for Individualized Breast Radiodensity Assessment (LIBRA), on mammographic images can be used to improve a previous prediction model for N0 status using only preoperatively available variables. To our knowledge, this is the �rst preoperative prediction model for N0 status combining AI detection on mammographic images with clinicopathological variables.


Chadwick B. Boulay 6 Xiang Yang Chen 7 Jonathan R. Wolpaw 8 9 Affiliation: 10 Laboratory of Neural Injury and Repair 11 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health 12 Albany, New York 12201 13 and State University of New York 14 Albany, New York 12054 15 16 Running Head: Cortical activity and motor function in awake rats. 17


Abstract : A correlator is used to study the fluctuations in plasma density and potential present in an unstable weakly ionized cylindrical magnetoplasma. Auto-correlation measurements yield information concerning the frequencies of these fluctuations while spatial cross-correlation measurements allow us to determine their phase velocity and direction of propagation. Such measurements were made for a wide range of neutral pressures and magnetic field strengths. Results show that the unstable fluctuations have the same characteristic dependence on pressure and magnetic field as the well known 'drift' waves, that is, they propagate in the same direction and with the same velocity as the electron diamagnetic drift. (Author)


This work is aimed at demonstrating, on a representative sample, the usefulness of programming concepts in the state of semantic patterns as relations in a program chain that specify particular types of programs. This is achieved via the use of program descriptors, which act as means of translating composites and basic functions of the technological programming system into their syntactic declarations at the last step of technological programming.


The local label from Juva is a positive example of self-organised cooperation around a clear need. All parties had a genuine interest in establishing the label. For farmers, processors and shopkeepers it meant help in marketing; for organisations and the municipality, PR and promoting the welfare in the region.


The objectives of this research study were to asses Pekanbaru water supply company (PDAM Tirta Siak) performances during period of 2010 to 2014 based on BPPSPAM Dirtjen Cipta Karya regulation year 2010 and Kepmendagri No. 47 year 1999. Statistical analysis were than dipployed in this study. Four major indicators of water supply company indicators performances were investigated as the following aspecs; financial, services, operationals and human resources. It was identified that based on the BPPSPM regulation an average of this company performances was 2,05 (ill categories 50%), and low water quality. Keyword :performances analysis, quality, recommendation, water, Pekanbaru City


A solar water distiller which can produce pure water and hot water belongs to the field of solar water distillers, and consists of a vacuum heat collection tube, an evaporation barrel, a thermal insulation water tank, a tank and ducts and so on. After solar heat is absorbed by the vacuum heat collection tube, heat exchange occurs in the evaporation barrel so that water is vaporized; heat exchange occurs between the vapor produced in the thermal insulation water tank and cold water so that the vapor is condensed into pure water; the cold water is heated into hot water at the same time. The solar water distiller dispenses with electricity; tubes are not frozen and do not burst. The utility model is used for purification of river water and sea water. The utility model can be arranged on verandas and hung on the wall, is applicable for city and countryside inhabitants, and is suitable for use at offices and public places. In addition, the utility model is economical and practical, and is a desirable substitute of water heaters and water purifiers.


The quasi-military management of the students is one of the training features of our college.From the point of view of sustained development,the college endeavors to turn the rule management to cultural management,which is a long-term process.In practical exercise,the enforcement of detail control is a key element in the promotion of quasi-military cultural management.Detail control is the base and,culturally,the essence for quasi-military management.The enforcement of detail control lies in the construction and execution of quasi-military management,education and elicitation of students self discipline and self management,improving the work style and team qualification and creating the cultural atmosphere.


Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) is a system of a real-time magnetometer data logger deployed by Kyushu Sangyo University of Fukuoka, Japan as part of Japan's leading contribution to International Heliophysical year of the United Nations. This paper proposed a cloud-based MAGDAS for the YU-8T magnetometer. MAGDAS is the system that measures and monitors the earth's magnetic field or geomagnetic field. Converting the old system to the new system will provide the capability to monitor the magnetic field changes continuously due to the solar activities which are harmful to the electrical appliances. To verify the workability of the system, the data from the MAGDAS Langkawi and solar event was gathered to be compared with the developed system. The location where the measurement takes place is at Pusat Sukan UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia (geographic latitude and longitude: 3.00N, 101.00E, and geomagnetic latitude and longitude: 6.37S, 173.65E. This project consists of the YU-8T magnetometer system, hardware, software, and cloud-based web-server. YU-8T magnetometer measures the voltage of Earth's magnetic field in the form of H, D and Z parameters to be stored in the data logger. The stored data was transferred to the cloud-based web-server through the Internet of Thing (IoT) for real-time monitoring.


The piezo-electric steering control system is used to compensate the vibration of satellite platform. The mathematical model of piezo-electric steering system is built. The adaptive controller based on improved LMS filter algorithm is designed according to this system characteristic. The adaptive delay filter is designed to solve slow convergence speed problem of traditional algorithm. Meanwhile, the adaptive delay filter can also compensate phase delay of control circuit. The adaptive deviation filter is introduced and it effectively compensates the vibration deviation which is low frequency and high amplitude. The experimental results show that the remained errors are μrad, which meets space optical communication requirement and proves that this control scheme is valid and feasible.


A previously unreported gallium species has been detected which is formed by the hydrolysis of aqueous gallium(III) solutions. N.m.r. studies have shown that this species has a tetrahedrally co-ordinated gallium nucleus whose chemical shift suggests that it is structurally analogous to the central tetrahedral aluminium occurring in the [AlO4Al12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ cation. The size of the polymeric gallium species was estimated by measuring the increase in the basal (d001) spacing of a montmorillonite upon intercalation. The hydrated height of the gallium polymer in its orientation relative to the phyllosilicate sheets was found to be approximately 9.4 A, which is about 5.6% larger than the size of the Al13 cationic unit, measured by the same method. This compares well with geometric calculations which show that a Ga13 cationic species would be expected to be about 5.7% larger than the analogous aluminium species. These results suggest strongly that a [GaO4Ga12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ cation forms during the hydrolysis of gallium(III) solutions at a pH range of approximately 3–4. The reason why this species has not been previously reported may be related to the fact that it appears to be much less stable in solution than the analogous aluminium species, as revealed by n.m.r. evidence.


Human discourse is an embodied activity emerging from the embodied imagery and construction of our talk. Gesture and speech are coexpressive, conveying this imagery and meaning simultaneously. Mathematics instruction and discourse typically involve two modes of communication: speech and graphical presentation. Our goal is to assist Individuals who are Blind or Severely Visually Impaired (IBSVI) to access such instruction/communication. We employ a haptic glove interface to furnish the IBSVI with awareness of the deictic gestures performed by the instructor over the graphic in conjunction with speech. We present a series of studies spanning two years where we show how our Haptic Deictic System (HDS) can support learning in inclusive classrooms where IBSVI receive instruction alongside sighted students. We discuss how the introduction of the HDS was advantageous to all parties: IBSVI, instructor, and sighted students. The HDS created more learning opportunities, increasing mutual understanding and promoting greater engagement.


To predict blade aerodynamic damping during the design phase, unsteady linearized CFD methods are commonly used as they offer a reasonable accuracy at acceptable computational costs. However, for moderate blade oscillation amplitudes, nonlinear aerodynamic effects may appear, yielding eventually an evolution into a stable, limit cycle oscillation (LCO). In the perspective of raising performance and safety, identifying such scenarios might open new development possibilities. Therefore, a valuable alternative to expensive CFD time domain methods consists in applying the nonlinear frequency domain harmonic balance (HB) approach to determine the aerodynamic response. An appropriate number of higher harmonics have to be retained depending on the severity of the aerodynamic nonlinearity under consideration. This number can be identified using either a convergence study with an increasing number of harmonics, or a direct comparison with time-domain simulations. For weak to moderate aerodynamic nonlinearities, this work proposes a guideline to determine the number of harmonics without additional, comparative simulations. First, the HB convergence properties are derived using the well-known Duffing oscillator. Next, the method is applied to a compressor rotor blade subjected to a prescribed harmonic motion for conditions with and without aerodynamic nonlinearities.


ABSTRACT Nasogastric (NG) tube insertion is a common clinical procedure used for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. As the importance of enteral nutrition is being increasingly recognized; the use of NG tube insertion has steadily increased. Here, we present an interesting case in which a kinked NG tube was removed in a unique manner with "push and pull" technique without untoward trauma.


On the basis of working principle analysis of resolver and resolver-to-digital converter AD2S1205,the paper focused on the interface circuit design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM) rotor position acquisition based on the resolver,AD2S1205 and digital signal processor(DSP) of PMSM controller.After finishing hardware simulation analysis of the interface circuit based on the Cadence/Pspice software,the experiment of PMSM system was then implemented to validated the design of interface circuit,and the experimental results validated that the designed interface circuit had the following features such as simple,reliable and strong anti-interference abilities,and also accurately obtained rotor position of PMSM drive system in electric vehicle.


Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of cardiac Qili capsule treatment of chronic heart failure. Methods A total of 13 randomized controlled trials was reviewed,and meta-analysis was performed with RevMan5. 2. 4 software. Results Thirteen research trials with the low quality were included involving 1154 patients. Meta-analysis showed patients with heart failure could improve their clinical symptoms after receiving Qili capsules on the basis of conventional therapy[RR = 1. 24,95% CI( 1. 17,1. 31) ],increase ventricular ejection fraction[WMD = 6. 04,95% CI( 4. 57,7. 52) ],reduce left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter [WMD = 4. 28,95% CI( 2. 14,6. 41) ],lower B-type natriuretic peptide [WMD = 113. 78,95% CI( 32. 82,194. 75) ],and brain natriuretic peptide precursor N-terminal fragment [WMD = 90. 21,95% CI( 60. 07,120. 35) ],and be able to significantly increase the patient's 6-minute walk distance [WMD = 39. 39,95% CI( 30. 61,48. 16) ],but did not get the desired results of reducing the quality of life in Minnesota table integral [WMD = 4. 20,95% CI( 0. 36,8. 05) ]. Cardiovascular events,AngII,left ventricular fractional shortening fraction of IL-6,mitral early diastolic blood flow and the ratio of the speed of movement mitral indicators were statistically significant( P 0. 05). In addition,as for individual Qili cardiac capsules adverse reaction,patient were well tolerated and had no significant difference from the control group. Results The use of the Qili cardiac capsule to treat chronic heart failure is safe and reliable,which should be promoted in clinical use,to promote the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine.


A B S T R A C TP U R P O S E / A I M : The main objective of this essay is to investigate the difference of visual representation between girls and boys in two mail order catalogues - Ellos and La Redoute. I want to examine how girls and boys interact in the pictures of the catalogues and what kind of activities are going on. Do these activities differentiate between the girls and the boys? Does the representation differ if the children are in a group or by themselves? A second objective is to compare these representations between the two catalogues.M A T E R I A L / M E T H O D : Two mail order catalogues are used, Ellos (Swedish) and La Redoute (originally French). The material consists of 345 pictures of children. I looked for two main phenomena in the pictures; facial expressions and activities. These were counted and compared in different aspects. Three main categories were compared: group size, age and sex. The quantitative empirical results are analysed within the theoretical framework of Yvonne Hirdman.M A I N R E S U L T S : There are differences between girls and boys in mail order catalogues. The boys are represented as more active and more "manly": they do more sports and they never touch each other. The girls are portrayed as more stereotypic female; they are picking flowers, holding hands and are playing in comparison to the boys who seem to take things more seriously. These differences are more characteristic of La Redoute, the French catalogue.K E Y W O R D S : Genus, barn, postorderkataloger, kon, konsroller, homosocialitet, konssocialisation, medier, identitet, stereotyper.


Purpose: To evaluate 1-year outcomes of intravitreal injections of aflibercept (IVA) in Japanese polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) patients. Methods: In this prospective, open-label, single-arm multicenter clinical trial, treatment-naïve PCV patients received IVA (2.0 mg) every 2 months, after 3 initial monthly doses. The primary endpoint assessed was the proportion of patients maintaining baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1 year. Results: Fifty eyes with PCV were included in the study. BCVA was maintained or improved in 97.6% of the patients. Mean logMAR BCVA at baseline was 0.33, and had improved to 0.12 logMAR 1 year after the initiation of aflibercept treatment (p < 0.001). Mean central foveal thickness decreased from 356 to 239 μm (p < 0.001). Complete regression of polypoidal lesions was seen in 72.5% after 1 year of treatment. Conclusions: One year of IVA resulted in stabilization of BCVA and anatomical improvement in Japanese PCV patients.


The causes of construction accident are analyzed in terms of engineering quality and safety in this paper.According to the present construction state and the causes of quality and safety accidents in our country, some suggestions on preventing the quality and safety accidents of engineering construction are put forward.


Eukaryotic cells can employ autophagy to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Upon infection by Plasmodium berghei sporozoites, the host hepatocyte targets the invader by labelling the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) with the autophagy marker protein LC3. Until now, it has not been clear whether LC3 recruitment to the PVM is mediated by fusion of autophagosomes or by direct incorporation. To distinguish between these possibilities, we knocked out genes that are essential for autophagosome formation and for direct LC3 incorporation into membranes. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was employed to generate host cell lines deficient for either FIP200, a member of the initiation complex for autophagosome formation, or ATG5, responsible for LC3 lipidation and incorporation of LC3 into membranes. Infection of these knockout cell lines with P. berghei sporozoites revealed that LC3 recruitment to the PVM indeed depends on functional ATG5 and the elongation machinery, but not on FIP200 and the initiation complex, suggesting a direct incorporation of LC3 into the PVM. Importantly, in P. berghei‐infected ATG5−/− host cells, lysosomes still accumulated at the PVM, indicating that the recruitment of lysosomes follows an LC3‐independent pathway.


Abstract : The U.S. Army's Anti-Schistosome Drug Development Program, provides selected drugs for testing in mice. The compounds are tested for prophylactic (PMT) or curative (PCT) activity as a primary screen according to pre-established priorities. The program is supported by a Biomphalaria glabrata snail colony capable of providing a daily inventory of 1,000 to 1,500 S. mansoni infected snails. The malaria research program at the Univ. of Brasilia emphasizes investigations of the clinical, epidemiological, immunological and entomological aspects of this disease in a population residing along the Ituxi River in Amazonas, Brazil. The major laboratory and field activities include clinical examination of individual patients for signs of disease, seroepidemiological studies, in vitro chloroquine susceptibility testing of local strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the study of the ecology and population dynamics of malaria vectors, with special emphasis on Anopheles darlingi Root, and investigation of the role of euglossine bees in the removal of DDT from sprayed houses. These studies of malaria, in a region known to be 'refractory' to control measures, are designed to collect information which will contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms or continued disease transmission in spite of ongoing eradication efforts. Extensive investigation were conducted on host seeking behavior of An. darlingi in DDT-sprayed and unsprayed houses and analysis of the results relative to the incidence of malaria in the Amazonas study area.


Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technique for converting biomass feedstocks to fuel and fine chemicals. A metallic Fe additive increases the water-soluble (WS) products of HTL, although the mechanism is unclear. Herein, commercially available carbohydrates (poly- and monosaccharides) and lignin isolated by enzymatic saccharification of palm empty fruit bunch were used as model substrates in the evaluation of the effect of Fe on HTL product composition. For carbohydrates, Fe and oxidized Fe synergistically contributed to the production of light compounds in the WS fraction by accelerating the retro-aldol condensation of sugars and suppressing the recondensation of unstable intermediates. The reactive intermediates could be stabilized by an electron-transfer-type reduction. On the other hand, Fe showed minimal effect on the HTL of enzymatic lignin, which was mainly converted to water-insoluble products. The results for the model substrates provided a picture of the overall pathway of Fe-assis...


Fever and other symptoms of infection occur frequently after cardiac surgery in children. Attempts to recognize microbial agents in these patients are necessary for effective treatment. 650 children between 1 month and 16 years were treated by open heart surgery in our hospital from 1978 til 1984. Bacterial infections were analyzed in respect to the species of isolates, their antibiotic sensitivities, the site of infection, time of onset and age of the patient etc. Routine diagnostic procedures included blood culture techniques for aerobes, anaerobes and fungi, investigations of tracheal and wound secretions, pleural and pericardial exudates and of urine Further tissue cultures and antibody assays were performed to exclude viral infections. In some patients postcardiotomy syndrome was diagnosed without detecting a bacterial or viral origin. The results of prophylactic treatment with antibiotic during and after cardiac surgery were evaluated. Failures of prophylaxis and therapy are described in some patients and conclusions are drawn for the choice of antibiotics for bacterial infections after cardiac surgery.


In the present note we describe a family of H � -algebra structures on the set L 2 (X) of square integrable functions on a rank-one para-Hermitian symmetric space X.


Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DDoS) overwhelm network resources with useless or harmful packe ts and prevent normal users from accessing these netwo rk resources. These attacks jeopardize the confidentiality, privacy and integrity of informati on on the internet. Since it is very difficult to s et any predefined rules to correctly identify genuine netw ork traffic, an anomaly-based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for network security is commonly used to detect and prevent new DDoS attacks. Data mining methods can be used in intrusion detection s ystems, such as clustering k-means, artificial neural network. Since the clustering methods can be used to aggregate similar objects, they can detect DDoS attacks to reduce false-positive rates. In thi s study, a review of DDoS attacks using clustering data mining techniques is presented. A review illus trates the most recent, state-of-the art science fo r clustering techniques to detect DDoS attacks.


The study envisages the analysis of two methods of treatment of degenerative spine disease namely conservative treatment which include physiotherapy, medications and surgical management as laminectomy and decompression of entrapped nerve roots. This study puts in a sincere effort to find out the functional outcome of lumbar spine disorders treated with laminectomy and conservatively.Chronic degenerative arthritis of lumbar spine is one of the commonest affection in patients who are complaining of back pain. Life time incidence about 60 to 70 percentage. The affected persons workdays lost and adversely effects the economy. Degenerative spine disease is not as such a disease condition, but a natural aging process due to wear and tear of the spinal column.


The identity of vowels in speech and singing is determined by the eigenmodes of the human vocal tract (VT); in particular the two lowest modes—which give rise to the so-called formants—are essential. We present a two-tube model to analyse the influence of VT geometry on the formants. It models jaw opening and tongue position in the human VT. The analysis is based on the dispersion relation of plane waves and uses only elementary concepts in physical acoustics. Our model agrees reasonably well with measured data on formants for the centre, [ə], and the corners, [a:], [i:] and [u:], of the vowel triangle. The limitations of the model and the possible extension to a three-tube model are outlined.


Due to a lack of adequate infrastructure and limited use of modern postharvest technologies, 20 to 30% of the produce is lost annually. Using nano-edible coatings is among the suitable ways for preserving food characteristics at reasonable costs. For increasing the shelf life of food articles, a very thin layer is created on their surface. In a nanosystem, in contrast to a larger particle system, materials are supplied with improved and distinct properties. The shelf life of many products like fresh vegetables and fruits, nuts, etc., gets increased by this technology via the incorporation of substances having hydrophilic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. The substances are generally released during storage periods of the food products. Different nanocoatings are nanoemulsion, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid nanocarriers, nanotubes, nanofibers, etc. Besides several advantages, some nanocoatings might carry allergic properties associated with them and also are economically not viable to use. Nanosystems nowadays are gaining a lot of importance in food preservation-related research areas, and their development as efficient edible coatings offer great potential in the relevant fields. Hence, there is a need for more research work to apply the nanoparticles and their consumption perspective.


We have progressed in the modern world making our lives comfortable with the help of industrialisation, urbanisation, and globalisation, social and economic developments. These plethoras of events have led to rapid alterations in diets and lifestyles like inappropriate diet, poor quality of nutrition, lack of physical activity and much other behaviour known to be detrimental to health. Thus, large population of people have poor health because of the increased incidences of diseases like obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, polycystic ovarian disease, allergies of different sorts and some types of cancers. Living a healthy life is a challenge for all of us in the modern day world as we are always being threatened by several degenerate lifestyle diseases. Indigenous populations tradionally used natural products to treat a broad range of diseases and ailments [1,2].


I accordance with ACM Bylaw 6, the following SIGs will hold elections in 2007: SIGARCH, SIGCOMM, SIGCSE, SIGDOC, SIGEVO, SIGGRAPH, SIGIR, SIGITE, SIGMM, SIGSAM, and SIGWEB. ACM Policy and Procedures require that those SIGs holding elections notify their membership of candidates for elected offices. Below is a list of SIGs that have submitted their slate of candidates. Additional information will appear in the March issue of Communications. SIGs Announce Candidates for Election


Himachal Pradesh is a state in Northern India, which is one of the more progressive states in the country with respect to its basic health indicators, for example, related to maternal and child health. Since the routine systems are relatively well stabilized and institutionalized, the state has recently embarked upon a more sophisticated initiative of creating an integrated health information architecture (IHIA) with technical development being carried out through a national NGO called HISP India.


There is a significant body of research into the notion that learners hold ideas which may conflict with "scientific" explanations of perceived reality. This domain of research into "misconceptions" is extensive and often portrayed in terms of children's learning. Of course, adults too bring their own agenda to learning situations. This paper is focused on some of the ideas that adults, in this case student teachers, may hold in relation to force and its relationship with structures. There is a clear link with school practice since many of the outcomes of designing and making activity in primary schools feature a product with some structural dimension. Student teachers were introduced to a problem solving situation focused on a simple bridge- building task, using limited materials. The use of limited materials had a direct effect in terms of guiding participants towards a variety of structural solutions. Outcomes from this practical engagement suggested that some part-formed ideas were imported into the new learning situation.


The conservation of energy, the conservation of mass, and the conservation of momentum are three fundamental concepts (or laws) of physics that are regularly reviewed in several undergraduate engineering courses. Mechanical energies in the form of kinetic and potential forms are the most easily understood forms of energy in engineering dynamics courses. Fluid flow energies related to pressure, velocity, elevation, fluid friction, pump, and turbine are covered in a fluid mechanics course. In a thermodynamics course, the first law deals with heat transfer and work done that causes a change of internal energy in a system. Aerospace engineers normally simplify a thermodynamic analysis by using intensive variables also called specific variables. In all these courses, the conservation of energy states that the amount of energy remains constant, that means that energy is neither created nor destroyed but transferable from one form to another, keeping the total energy same within a fixed domain.
In several instances, students are either misunderstood or unclear about energy and its conservation concepts, however those very concepts are reviewed over and over in multiple courses. Through an integrative teaching approach that maps the smooth flow of energy and its conservation concepts in several undergraduate mechanical engineering courses, we are relating our shared teaching resources of the energy conservation principle. In this session, we present our pilot study on the synchronization of resources teaching the energy conservation principle in a sequence of undergraduate courses and our mitigation plan to clear up students' misunderstanding on the energy conservation.


Objective To evaluate the outcomes of recession of extraocular muscles on restrictive strabismus of patients with thy- roid associated ophthalmopathy.Design Retrospective case series.Participants Fifteen thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO)pa- tients with stationary restrictive strabismus caused by myopathy of one extraocular muscle of one eye.Methods Recession of the dis- eased extraocular muscles was applied.Before and after operation,the areas of binocular vision without diplopia on a acr perimeter mea- sured the movement distances of eyeball from the primary position to the restricted direction,the angles of strabismus in nine directions with synoptophore were measured in all patients.Main Outcome Measures The areas of binocular vision without diplopia,the move- ment distances of eyeball from the primary position to the restricted direction,and the absolute angles of strabismus in primary position and downward 15°direction when the restricted eye gazed target were compared before and after operation.Results Inferior rectus mus- cle recession were performed in nine eyes,superior rectus recession were performed in 4 eyes,and medial rectus recession in 2 eyes. The average areas of binocular vision without diplopia significantly increased from 23.99±19.39°before operation to 2115.72±527.10°after operation.The average movement distances of eyeball from the primary position to the restricted direction significantly increased from 1.53±0.97 mm before operation to 6.03±0.74 mm after operation.The average absolute angles of strabismus in primary position gazed by the restricted eyes significantly decreased from 22.37±6.63°before operation to 1.53±1.47°after operation.The average abso- lute angles of strabismus in downward 15°direction gazed by the restricted eyes significantly decreased from 15.67±11.53°before opera- tion to 2.17±1.90°after operation.Intraocular hypertention in 5 patients before operation decreased among normal range after operation. Compensatory head posture in all patients before operation disappeared after operation.Eyelid retraction was the main surgical compli- cation.Conclusion Recession of extraocular muscles can markdely eliminate diplopia and strabismus,improve eyeball motability. (Ophthalmol CHN,2007,16:414-417)


Axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models are useful in studies of magnetized winds and non-linear Alfvén waves in solar and stellar atmospheres. We demonstrate that a condition often used in these models for the determination of a nearly vertical magnetic field is applicable to a radial field instead. A general divergence-free condition in curvilinear coordinates is self-consistently derived and used to obtain the correct condition for the variation of a nearly vertical magnetic field. The obtained general divergence-free condition along with the transfield equation completes the set of MHD equations in curvilinear coordinates for axisymmetric motions and could be useful in studies of magnetized stellar winds and non-linear Alfvén waves.


The longest common subsequence is a classical problem which is solved by using the dynamic programming approach. The LCS problem has an optimal substructure: the problem can be broken down into smaller, simple "subproblems", which can be broken down into yet simpler subproblems, and so on, until, finally, the solution becomes trivial. The LCS problem also has overlapping subproblems: the solution to a higher subproblem depends on the solutions to several of the lower subproblems. Problems with these two properties—optimal substructure and overlapping subproblems—can be approached by a problem-solving technique called dynamic programming, in which the solution is built up starting with the simplest subproblems. The LCS in computer science is used approximate string matching. The approximate string matching is the technique of finding strings that match a pattern approximately (rather than exactly). Most often when we need to match a pattern exact matching is not possible, due to insufficient data, broken data, or other such reasons. So we try to find a close match instead of an exact match. And for this we need to Longest Common Subsequence (LCS). Different LCS algorithms have been made and we will try to analyze some of these algorithms. Keywords— Dynamic Programming, Longest Common Subsequence, Pattern Matching , Space and Time Complexity.


The distribution of platinum group elements (PGEs) and catalyst poisoning elements (Pb, Zn, P and S) on the surface of gasoline and diesel automobile catalysts was investigated within this study. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA–ICPMS) provides both the sensitivity and the spatial resolution required for the surface analysis of sectioned automobile catalysts, and scanning along channels reveals the distribution of longitudinal changes in PGE and catalyst poisoning elements. Changes in catalyst surface features were studied for fresh catalysts and after ageing of the catalyst up to 80 000 km for both types of catalysts studied. The PGEs in the gasoline catalyst were found to decrease at the front of the catalyst after ageing, whereas the diesel catalyst presented a more constant loss along the catalyst. The fraction of poisoning elements (Pb, P and Zn for the gasoline catalyst and P and Zn for the diesel catalyst) retained by the catalyst is distributed non‐uniformly over the length of the catalyst. This could indicate different ageing mechanisms for gasoline and diesel catalysts. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The study of single neuron response to photodynamic effect provides evaluation of the dynamics of cytotoxic events leading from initial threshold changes to the cell death and allows us to compare phototoxicity of different substances. The photosensitized isolated crayfish mechanoreceptor neurons were irradiated with the He-Ne laser (632.8 nm, 0.3 W/cm2), and their responses were recorded. The following photosensitizers were studied: methylene blue, janus green B, protoporphyrin IX, chlorins e6 and p6 and sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine 'Photosens.' Crayfish neurons were insensitive to the He-Ne laser irradiation and photosensitization alone, but very sensitive to photodynamic effect: they changed firing rate and died at nanomolar concentrations of photosensitizers. The dynamics of neuron responses depended on the photosensitizer type and its concentration. Dependencies of firing acceleration rate and neuron lifetime on photosensitizer concentration allowed to compare efficiencies of different photosensitizers. Photosens and chlorin p6 were found to be the most potent photosensitizers.


Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) is a technique that improves overall system performance by allowing concurrent execution of multiple independent threads with sharing of key datapath components and better utilization of the resources. Most of existing resource allocation and distribution techniques adjust the resource allocation in real time based on certain pre-determined allocation parameter settings attempting to lead to better performance. Such an improved performance is contingent on the assumptions that the system environment parameters and workload characteristics remain unchanged. Once either is changed the same settings may no longer lead to the same performance gain. In this paper, we propose an adaptive technique to allow for a complete autonomous adjustment process to control the distribution of a critical shared resource -- Issue Queue (IQ) -- in an SMT system. The proposed process adjusts in real time the resource distribution based on the impact to performance caused by the previous adjustment, with a simple algorithmic guideline in constantly aiming to improve performance from one adjustment to the next. No a priori information in system environment parameters or workload characteristics is needed for this process to acquire beforehand for the autonomous adjustment. Our simulation results show that our proposed technique is able to improve the system's overall IPC by an average of 7.9% for a 4-threaded workload and 12.5% for an 8-threaded workload, as opposed other known adaptive techniques achieving similar performance.


A hydrostatic bearing 20 for a rotatable shaft 18 of the type in which lubricating fluid is fed through orifices 12 in the bearing to a plurality of recesses 14 and finally to a land 16. Land 16 comprises grooves 22 directed toward recesses 14 in the direction of the shaft's rotation so that lubricating fluid is pumped back toward recesses 14.


In an earlier paper it was shown that injured Ehrllch ascites tumor cells exhibited an immediate drop in the mitotic index, accompanied by a loss of nucleic acid and protein.' However, in this early stage of damage, the cells showed little change in structure when examined by phase microscopy. The cells refused the entrance of a vital dye into the nucleus and often when fixed and stained with hematoxlyin and eosin, could not be distinguished from cells in the original control sample. Of necessity, alterations in physiologic function must eventually result in changes in structure. However, the light microscope does not have the resolution to determine early alterations in the endoplasmic reticulum, and electron microscopists have difficulties in this regard because of lack of knowledge of normal structure. There has been much discussion regarding the large amount of irradiation necessary to destroy proteins in a pure solution and the smaller amount which is apparently able to inactivate substances in vivo. One reason advanced for this discrepancy is that only a slight alteration is necessary to inhibit biosynthetic processes as distinguished from actual destruction of substances already formed within the cell. The various physiologic processes evaluated in this investigation unfortunately do not measure biosynthetic processes directly. They are concerned principally with apparent defects in the degradation of carbohydrates. However, all synthetic processes do require energy, and interruption in the glycolytic or respiratory pathways will certainly prevent the formation of adenosine triphosphate. Finally, since many enzymes necessary for carbohydrate alteration may have rapid turnover rates, inhibition of protein synthesis may quickly produce enzymatic deficiencies and the observed deviation in metabolic pathways.


Nail polish that has completely dried on the fingernails contains water‐soluble components that attain the skin during extensive but transient contact. This was proven by water extraction of thin layers of nail polish that had been painted onto glass plates and allowed to dry for 3 days. Comparing the isolated fractions and compounds with known nail polish ingredients revealed that the water‐soluble substances are para‐ and ortho‐toluenesulfonamide. Dihuty1 phthalate and 3 constituents of toluenesulfonamide‐formaldehyde resin (TS‐F‐R), which is the basic material of almost all nail polishes sold worldwide. 12 female patients with proven nail polish allergy were patch tested with 21 nail polish components, including those isolated. Only 2 fractions were positive. These contained a monomer and a dimer created during condensation of TS‐F‐R. Their structures were elucidated. The 3rd compound, a trimer, remained negative, except in 1 case.


The article considers a well of the underground gas storage, in the annular space of which excess pressure was observed. Conducted complex of geophysical studies, including a spectral noise logging, precise temperature logging, magnetic pulse fault detection allowed us to determine the geometry of the flow in the cemented annular space and identify leaking couplings in tubing, casing and conductors. The article provides a detailed analysis of geophysical studies and recommendations for repair and insulation works. The nature of the flow and type of tightness failure according to geophysical research allowed avoiding the transition of well in the preservation fund.


Abstract Synchronous cultures of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardii established by repetitive light and dark cycles displayed both ultradian and circadian rhythms in chlorophyll a levels. The ultradian oscillation had a period of approximately 55 min and appeared superimposed upon the circadian rhythm. These data support the theory that the ultradian oscillator may be a common element in both circadian and cell cycle timing.


The article is devoted to the peculiarities of translating the genre of essays from English into Russian. Translated essays are works written at different times and by different authors. In the course of the research, essays by very popular authors and less well-known ones were translated. The first group of authors includes: Mark Twain, Langston Hughes, Alan Paton, and Joan Didion. The second group of writers includes: William Zinser, May Sarton, Euell Gibbons, Richard Selzer, Richard Howe, and Jow Goodwin Parker. The paper deals with the topical issues of proper nouns in translation. They require special attention, as errors in translation can cause misunderstandings. It should not be forgotten that the translator must have sufficient information about the events, phenomena and people described, because extralinguistic factors have a great influence on translation adequacy.


The article deals with the manifestations of sentimentalism and triviality and with the problem of the preromanticism in the German literature of the late Enlightenment. Traditionally, such problems are analyzed in the literary studies apart from "high" literature. It is important to comprehend the nature of preromanticism as a distinct and remarkable phenomenon of the eighteenth-century literature (and not as an early stage of romanticism), the existence of which during several decades proved its vitality and uniqueness. Triviality, in its turn, existed as a part of the culture in G.E. Lessing's time, that is, to a great extent before Goethe. It should be marked that triviality had been manifested in literature long before the Enlightenment. Traditional and repeated themes and plots may be the markers of triviality as a cultural phenomenon.


Chatter is a creping process abnormality that can result in a loss of sheet integrity, increased waste and, in severe cases, can damage the Yankee dryer surface. In this paper a number of process and operational conditions are reviewed that can lead to the initiation and propagation of doctor blade vibration and chatter. A basic review of Yankee coating characteristics, vibration mechanisms and force dynamics help describe what happens at the tip of the doctor blade. Examples of sheet, coating and Yankee dryer surface chatter are presented. Studies are reviewed that illustrate how variation in process conditions can result in the appearance of chatter and how this condition can be minimized.


A video display apparatus includes a tuner unit (202) that receives a video signal from a broadcasting station, a first video region cutout unit (212) that cuts out video of a predetermined region set in advance from video received by the tuner unit (202) as a window A and performs scaling processing on the video of the window A, a second video region cutout unit (214) that cuts out video of a predetermined region containing an object specified by a user from the received video, a composition processing unit (404) that generates video data by superimposing the video of the window B on that of the window A on which the scaling processing is performed, and at least one monitor (500) that displays the video data generated by the composition processing unit (404).


In the paper, we introduce a TLM (transaction level modeling) methodology focusing on IEEE 802.11 WLAN as a derivative system. Decomposing the entire system into several computation components, we analyzed the property of each transaction, resulting in the TLM. In the case of a shared bus, the simulation results show the effect of communication architecture such as bus protocol and bus parameters on the system performance.


This work develops a model of the comportment adopted by investors who have succeeded in diversifying their risks in the local stock market, given the relative shallowness of that market. Therefore, they purchase currency as an alternative instrument of investment. The model was econometrically verified for the Colombian economy. The conclusion was that while strong increases in share prices occurred in 2005 in the Colombian stock exchange, they are not entirely explained by the basis of valuation; corporate performance measured by dividends and the perception of risk measured by discount rates. Econometric tests provide data with regard to the important effect of the fluctuations of the exchange market, and the monetary situation as a factor in the determination of share prices. At the same time, there are findings of rational bubbles in the Colombian variable-income market, where there are strong expectations of a revaluation of the peso, or of expansive monetary policies.


Stress is a chronic and prevalent presence in everyday life. Many people understand the health consequences of stress but find little time to regularly manage their stress. In this workshop participants will learn about the importance of consistent relaxation and stress management practices, and how to incorporate quick and simple strategies into their busy lives. After reviewing the negative health effects of stress and the positive benefits of relaxation, participants will discuss ways to engage daily in simple strategies that take very little time or planning.


The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued a new standard, Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 158, Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, on September 29, 2006, which is an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132R. This new standard may drastically impact stockholders' equity for many companies and possibly even cause it to be negative.


In order to optimize the design of equipment,and reduce the investment in experiment expense,a large eddy simulation method coupling with 2-D unsteady VOF model is adopted to simulate the gas-liquid water-jet in and around the nozzle of pulsed anti-riots water cannon.After the setting up of experiment tape,the high-speed photography technology is adopted to photo the water jet around the nozzle,and then the velocity reader software is used to gain the velocity of the outside water-jet.Compared with the numerical result,the obtained experiment water-jet figure and velocity are in better accord with the simulation results.By using the said method to do the simulation of changing numerical parameters,the initial pressure has significant influence on the velocity of water-jet,but the initial launch angle has little influence on the velocity of water-jet,which only affect the biggest cannon-shot.The study results show that with bigger initial pressure and smaller initial water quantity,bigger water-jet velocity and shorter launch time can be obtained.The conclusion achieved is of some guide sense to the optimization of design of water cannon.


Nuclear weapons have not been employed since the 1945 bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United States. However, in many crises and wars in history, there was the possibility of employing nuclear weapons without fear of retaliation. However, states did not use the nuclear option, even though they might have paid a higher price in the theatre of war. This in spite of the existence of many variables which might have supported the employment of nuclear bombs, such as widespread nuclear weapons possession internationally; states' technical efficiency with regards to the operationalisation of such weapons; transfer of nuclear weapons from old to new proliferators within an asymmetric balance of power; the importance of nuclear weapons in states' national security policies and their strategic doctrines; states' distinct strategic cultures, traditions and unique political systems; and more significantly, the absence of legal prohibition of the possession and use of nuclear weapons.


The net profits and grocery prices of large food chains were found to be positively and significantly related to market concentration and a chain's relative market share. The results refute the notion that higher profits for dominant firms in concentrated markets are due to efficiency and lower costs. Increased profits in noncompetitively structured markets accounted for about one-third of the increase in prices. Higher retailer costs in noncompetitive markets appear to stem from inefficiencies and cost increasing forms of competition.


Propositional primal logic, as defined by Gurevich and Neeman, has two kinds of quotations: p said φ, and p implied φ. Note 1. The derivation problem for propositional primal logic with one kind of quotations is solvable linear time. Note 2. In the Hilbertian calculus for propositional primal logic, the shortest derivation of a formula φ from hypotheses H may be exponential in the length of (H,φ).


Centuries earlier Cicero had expressed a similar sentiment (Brutus 61). Having named and characterized, so far as was possible, various early orators of Rome (52-60), he says of Cato Censor (61), "Nec vero habeo quemquam antiquiorem, cuius quidem scripta proferenda putem, nisi quem Appi Caeci oratio haec ipsa de Pyrrho et nonnullae mortuorum laudationes forte delectant." Certainly if oratory is fairly tested by the standard of effectiveness, the speech of Appius Claudius Caecus deserved its reputation. For references to it see Cicero Cato Maior 16; Valerius Maximus viii. 13. 5. It was still read in Seneca's time (Seneca Epp. 114. 13). Of the laudationes funebres Cicero speaks in detail in Brutus 62. He condemns them vigorously, as corrupters of history (cf. Livy viii. 40. 4-5); this part of the Brutus is, however, really a digression, since it has nothing to do with matters of style. Of the style of the laudationes Cicero says nothing in the Brutus. In De oratore ii. 44-45, and ii. 341, he speaks of their oratorical inferiority.


A nonlinear theory is developed in this paper to investigate the elastic in-plane buckling of shallow tied circular arches under uniformly distributed radial loading, in which the effects of the prebuckling deformation and geometric nonlinearity are included. Prescriptive formulae for the elastic buckling loads of tied arches are derived, as well as the critical stiffness that delineates between the possibility that the arch will buckle, or that it will not buckle, in its plane of loading. The relationship between the buckling load and a modified slenderness parameter of the arch is also discussed. The paper also includes the results of two short-term tests undertaken on shallow reinforced concrete tied arches, and the solutions are also analysed using the well-known ABAQUS software. The consistency of the critical loads and the load versus deflection responses demonstrates the accuracy and practicability of the analytical results derived in the paper.


Deep learning implementations have resulted in significant performance improvements in several application domains and as such several network architectures have been developed to facilitate their methods. This paper presents a comparative study of two architectures among those which are implemented for handwriting recognition, Highway CNN and LeNet-5. The evaluation is performed on two separate machines for both CPU(Intel-i5 3250M) and a GPU(Nvidia GTX-1060). We compared them not only on the basis of their accuracy, but also their training time, recognition time and their memory requirements. Our experiments demonstrate the advantage of global training and feature mapping on the MNIST dataset.


The influence of two loading forms of boundary element method(BEM) software Sysnoise including element-based and node-based on sound radiation,and the convergence of two loading forms when refining the mesh were at first time investigated with analytical solution for a cylindrical shell.And it was obtained that the result based on loading form of element is better than that based on loading form of node;the result based on loading form of element when refining the mesh is convergent while that based on loading form of node when refining the mesh is uncertain.


To increase the efficiency and performance of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, water management is one of the key issues. The water management requires effective removal of liquid water generated in the cathode catalyst layer, typically in the form of droplets in the gas flow channel. It has been reported that a hydrophilic channel side wall with a hydrophobic membrane electrode assembly (MEA) surface would have less chance for water accumulation on the MEA surface. Therefore, a comprehensive study on the effect of surface wettability properties (Contact angle ranges from 140 o to 160 o in steps of 10 o ) on water droplet movement in flow channels has been conducted numerically. In this study, the water droplet movements in a straight flow channel with hydrophobic surface properties and effects of inlet air velocities are analyzed by using commercial software FLUENT coupled with the volume-of- fluid (VOF) method for liquid-gas interface tracking. The results show that the water droplet movement is greatly affected by the channel surface wettability, droplet position and air flow conditions. With high air flow velocities, increasing the contact angle of the channel surface results in faster liquid water removal due to lesser liquid-wall contact area.


A new augmented Ensemble of Data Assimilations (EDA) technique, which estimates background error covariances (B-matrix), has been developed for the new Copernicus European Regional Re-Analysis (CERRA-EDA). CERRA-EDA has 10 members with two main pools of forecast differences: seasonal and daily. The seasonal component is pre-prepared (`offline') at reanalysis-resolution (5.5km). The new augmentation governs the time-dependent mixture of winter and summer differences of this seasonal component with respect to the time of year. The daily component is (`online') and averaged in moving succession over 2.5 days with subsequent B-matrix computation every 2 days. This daily component runs at 11km and the forecasts are interpolated to 5.5km prior to use. The seasonal-daily split is set to a fixed value of 80-20\% for CERRA production. The EDA is cycled 6-hourly while CERRA has a 3-hour analysis cycle. The B-matrix is modelled on a bi-Fourier limited area weather model, where dependence of vertical correlations on horizontal scale (non-separability), horizontal homogeneity and isotropy are assumed. The mass-wind and specific humidity fields are related via vorticity and geopotential and the relationships are estimated via multiple linear regressions enforcing simplified analogues of flow-dependence.

We demonstrate the potential of CERRA-EDA to estimate rapid changes in weather regime change over Europe by assessing B-matrix statistics and forecast skill scores in a case study. The case study assesses two like-periods bearing different weather regimes, Mar-03 (blocking regime) and Mar-18 (NAO- regime). The aptitude of the B-matrix to reflect weather regime change is shown to be mostly dependent on the observation network in a given year. We also illustrate the impact of: change in observation networks over time, and varying the seasonal-daily split. This is shown through analysing the spatio-temporal evolution of background standard deviations. Finally, analysis and forecast skill scores up to 24-hours are also shown to offer improvements worth considering.


In this study, we investigated the memory and attention demands of single and sequential picture descriptions. Two hundred forty healthy adults comprised six decade cohorts, 20 through 70. Participants completed memory and attention measures and single and sequential picture descriptions. Of interest was the proportion of main events relayed for two single and two sequential pictures. Results suggest that picture description tasks tax memory and attention skills to a greater degree than has been previously reported. The influence of memory and attention performance was found to vary by stimulus type, cognitive measure, and age.


Metacommunity ecology is concerned with effects of dispersal and habitat conditions on the structure and dynamics of local communities. We tested the effects of distance between communities and habitat size (a proxy for local conditions) on structure and dynamics of communities in a metacommunity. Mesocosms of two sizes were placed at varying distances from known treehole habitats. We monitored communities for effects on colonization, occupation, abundances, and community similarity. Because treeholes vary in size, we predicted that habitat size would more strongly influence communities than distance. We predicted that species would differ in responses to distance and size because of variation in habitat requirements and dispersal abilities. Previous research suggested that the mosquito Aedes triseriatus would be unaffected by size or distance, whereas the midge Culicoides guttipennis would be affected by habitat size. The predator Toxorhynchites rutilus would be affected by habitat size, and its presence would affect local composition. Similarity would be greater in close communities of similar size. We found strong effects of habitat size on colonization, occupancy, and density of several species, including C. guttipennis, two syrphids and Tx. rutilus. Toxorhynchites rutilus densities were negatively correlated with prey densities. Aedes triseriatus was not affected by distance or habitat size. Densities were asynchronous across communities, regardless of distance or habitat size. Spatial and temporal turnover were high, but same size habitats were more similar than different size habitats. Community similarity increased as distance between habitats decreased. We conclude that local conditions in treeholes more strongly affected community structure than distance between habitats. However, composition is best explained by both the local and the regional.


Abstract Objectives Metabolic syndrome (MetS) may cause premature development of some diseases. PON1 genes may be involved in the pathogenesis of MetS. The aim of study was to evaluate the association between Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms and its enzyme activity with the MetS components in subjects with and without MetS. Methods Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis were performed to determine polymorphisms of the paraoxonase1 gene in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome. Biochemical parameters were measured by spectrophotometer. Results The MM, LM, and LL genotype frequencies of the PON1 L55M polymorphism were 10.5, 43.4, and 46.1%, and 22.4, 46.6, and 31% and; the QQ, QR, and RR genotype frequencies of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were 55.4, 38.6 and 6%; and 56.5, 34.8 and 8.7% in subjects with and without MetS, respectively. The L and M allele frequencies were 68 and 53%; and 32 and 47% for PON1 L55M in subjects with and without MetS, respectively. The Q and R allele frequencies for PON1 Q192R were 74 and 26% in both groups. There were significant differences in HDL-cholesterol level and PON1 activity in the genotypes QQ, QR, and RR of the PON1 Q192R polymorphism in subjects with MetS. Conclusions The PON1 Q192R genotypes had only effected on PON1 activity and HDL-cholesterol level in subjects with MetS. Different genotypes of the PON1 Q192R seem to be important candidates to make the subjects susceptible to MetS in the Fars ethnic group.


This research work shows the simulation and comparison of efficiency and power output of Thermo Electric (TE) n-type BiTeSe and p-type PbTe of thermoelectric power generators with impedance load matching and mismatching. The parameters like mean, standard error and deviation are identified.Materials and methods: In this research work, there are 4 groups. Each group consists of 100 samples. Simulations of the groups were based on the dimension of the thermoelectric power generator done in clinical calc with a pre-test power of 80% used for testing with a significance value of p < 0.05. The efficiencies corresponding to different element thicknesses are calculated and tabulated. The graph is plotted for parameters like efficiency, and power output, corresponding to the element thickness. Other parameters like thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and see beck coefficient are plotted for the n and p-type novel BiTeSe, PbTe. Results: The results were interpreted using SPSS statistics analysis and the mean bar chart of the 4 samples were drawn and samples which are having high-efficiency value are identified. Conclusion: It is interfered with as impedance load matching of 10 ohms is having greater mean efficiency than the other sample groups with impedance load matching.


Plasma cells secrete immunoglobulins other than immunoglobulin M (IgM) after a deletion and recombination in which a portion of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus (IgH), from the 5'-flanking region of the ,u constant-region gene (C,e) to the 5'-flanking region of the secreted heavy-chain constant-region gene (CH), is deleted. The recombination step is believed to be targeted via switch regions, stretches of repetitive DNA which lie in the 5' flank of all CH genes except 8. Although serum levels of IgD are very low, particularly in the mouse, IgD-secreting plasmacytomas of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice are known. In an earlier study of two BALB/c IgD-secreting hybridomas, we reported that both had deleted the C,, gene, and we concluded that this deletion was common in the normal generation of IgD-secreting cells. To learn how such switch recombinations occur in the absence of a switch region upstream of the Cr,1 exon, we isolated seven more BALB/c and two C57BL/6 IgD-secreting hybridomas. We determined the DNA sequences of the switch recombination junctions in eight of these hybridomas as well as that of the C57BL/6 hybridoma B1-8.81 and of the BALB/c, IgD-secreting plasmacytoma TEPC 1033. All of the lines had deleted the C,


The object of this paper is to study Chinese loanwords in English.It concentrates on the study of the history,source languages and transmission languages of Chinese loanwords in English and pays much attention to the means of borrowing.It also attempts to discuss the cultural influence of Chinese loanwords on English and to demonstrate that loaning is not only a linguistic but also a socio-linguistic phenomenon.This paper is written in the hope that it can help English learners develop an interest and appreciation for English loanwords from Chinese and help them enlarge their vocabulary efficiently.It is also expected that foreigners can better understand Chinese culture by reading this paper.


This article discusses some of the best practices of providing information services to library users via the Internet.The discussion covers methods,contents,characteristics and other aspects of such services.


This article describes aspects of a research conducted in the field of found footage film and reappropriation cinema of archives. Structured entirely with materials extracted from YouTube, the film Untitled # 3: And what are poets for in a time of poverty? (2016) is a starting object that allows to address some issues about YouTube in relation to archivology. We adopted as a reference point the case study as a research method, considering the exploratory research and the analysis of content. For working the world as an archive, the found footage is presented under the form of an operating procedure which is appropriated for understanding the phenomena of image in the fields of archival science, of audiovisual media, of communication technologies, of information science. Basically referred to a form or a genre of film production which recycles, reissues and reframes images from other sources, in this study the found footage is configured as a critical method.


During the last years there has been growing interest in using neural networks for language modeling. In contrast to the well known back-off n-gram language models, the neural network approach attempts to overcome the data sparseness problem by performing the estimation in a continuous space. This type of language model was mostly used for tasks for which only a very limited amount of in-domain training data is available.In this paper we present new algorithms to train a neural network language model on very large text corpora. This makes possible the use of the approach in domains where several hundreds of millions words of texts are available. The neural network language model is evaluated in a state-of-the-art real-time continuous speech recognizer for French Broadcast News. Word error reductions of 0.5% absolute are reported using only a very limited amount of additional processing time.


Introduction: Human serum albumin is divided into two forms according to the redox state of the Cys-34; human mercaptalbumin (HMA, reduced albumin) and human nonmercaptalbumin (HNA, oxidized albumi...


Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was used to extract palm oil from palm mesocarp (Elaeis guineensis). The conditions surveyed were 40 to 80C and 14 to 30 MPa. The free fatty acid content in SC-CO2 extracted palm oil was found to be 0.61% as compared to 3.15% in commercial crude palm oil (CPO). The average peroxide value of the SC-CO2 extracted CPO was 1.68 meq O2/kg, which indicated that SC-CO2 extraction does not induce the formation of undesirable peroxides and hydroperoxides. The deterioration of bleachability index of SC-CO2 extracted palm oil met the specification of fairly good CPO with average value of 2.60. The oxidative stability of SC-CO2 extracted palm oil was slightly lower than commercial and n-hexane extracted CPO. The pro-oxidants such as iron and copper were significantly reduced in the SC-CO2-produced oil. Minor components such as carotenes, vitamin E (e.g., tocopherols and tocotrienols), phytosterols and squalene were co-extracted during the SC-CO2 extraction. The overall quality of SC-CO2 extracted CPO appears equivalent to those obtained by commercial processing of CPO.


This Thesis entitled The Implementation of the Regulation the Special
Region of Yogyakarta Governor Number 32 year 2017 about The Implementation
of Taxi and Special Lease transportation Using Application based on Information
Technology from the Perspective Protection for the Drivers. The purpose of this
thesis is to find out whether the arrangement of the special lease transportation
and taxi in Special Region of Yogyakarta has provided protection for the special
lease and taxi drivers. The empirical research is used on this Thesis. This thesis
based on the social fact that happen in the society which conducted on regular
basis directly to the respondent to obtain the primary data and supported by the
secondary data consisting of preprimary and secondary legal materials. This
thesis has a inductive method to make a conclusion. The conclusion of this thesis
is the Special Region of Yogyakarta regulation on the special lease and taxi
transportation is the Regulation of Governor number 32 year 2017, this
regulation still not provide protection for the driver of taxi driver or the driver of
special lease transportation.


The invention discloses a composite cemented carbide spherical gear or a pillar stud of inhomogeneous composition and structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The spherical gear or the pillar stud is characterized in that the spherical gear or the pillar stud is composed of working parts and non-working parts, the working parts are made of cemented carbide materials, namely tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder or nickel according to the weight percentage, the non-working parts are made of low density cemented carbide materials, namely titanium carbide powder, tungsten carbide powder and cobalt powder or nickel powder, according to the weight percentage, in the compressing process, the cemented carbide materials used for the working parts and the low density cemented carbide materials used for the non-working parts are weighed in sequence, then the two types of materials are placed in a steel mold in sequence, when the compression molding is completed, the materials are placed in a furnace for sintering, and the composite cemented carbide spherical gear or the pillar stud of the inhomogeneous composition and structure is obtained. The composite cemented carbide spherical gear or the pillar stud of the inhomogeneous composition and structure and the manufacturing method thereof have the advantages that compared with an existing cemented carbide spherical column or a pillar stud of inhomogeneous composition and structure, the non-working parts of the composite cemented carbide spherical gear or the pillar stud take up the majority of the volume of a whole product, the density is low, the material consumption is little, the raw material cost of the product can be substantially reduced, and the purpose of substantially improving the cost performance of the product can be achieved.


________________________________________________________________________________________________ One of the many research passions of Magdalena Sokołowska, regarded as the founder of Polish and cofounder of European medical sociology, was sociothanatological problems in the broad sense. Magdalena Sokołowska's version of "socio-thanatology" presented at the end of the nineteen-seventies and the early eighties consisted first of all in sociodemographic considerations. The deontological and ethical-moral problems, as well as individual existential experiences associated with the process of dying, being disregarded during the period in question, appeared in M. Sokołowska's research conceptions and papers in the nineteen-eighties. She was particularly concerned with the patterns of dying in medical institutions, conceptions of dying trajectories, processes of "waiting for death", mechanisms of the institutionalization, commercialization and medicalization of dying, differences between the conditions and context of dying at home and in the hospital, consequences of "slow dying" for the range of social roles performed by the doctor and the nurse, the scope and character of changes in the function and structure of the family in the course of the process of dying and as a result of the death of one of its members, analysis of social behaviors after death in the institutional and noninstitutional context (hospital, hospice, home), etc. The analysis of Magdalena Sokołowska's "socio-thanatological" achievements allows us to notice a clear evolution of her conception: from the "epidemiological-demographic" approach, oriented towards analysis of mortality, to a preference for "qualitative" interpretations based on the investigation of "subjective emotions" that accompany dying persons.


The invention relates to a liquid detection device which comprises a liquid receiving device and an inspection pool connected with the liquid receiving device, wherein the liquid receiving device comprises a housing, a liquid storage cavity, a transition cavity and a baffle; the liquid storage cavity and the transition cavity are arranged in the housing; the baffle is used for separating the transition cavity from the liquid storage cavity; the interior of the liquid storage cavity is divided to form a backflow cavity; a flow guide device is arranged on the liquid receiving device; the flow guide device comprises a flow guide water wheel and a drive device; the flow guide water wheel is arranged in the transition cavity; the drive device is used for driving the flow guide water wheel to rotate in the positive or negative direction; the flow guide water wheel comprises a rotating shaft and a blade; the blade extends outwards in the radial direction around the rotating shaft; the blade passes through the baffle; a first yielding opening and a second yielding opening, which allow the blade to pass through, are formed in the baffle; the transition cavity is communicated with the backflow cavity through the first yielding opening; the transition cavity is communicated with the liquid storage cavity through the second yielding opening; when the drive device is used for driving the flow guide water wheel to rotate in the forward direction, the flow guide water wheel guides liquid in the transition cavity in the backflow cavity from the first yielding opening; when the drive device is used for driving the flow guide water wheel to rotate in the negative direction, the flow guide water wheel guides liquid in the transition cavity in the liquid storage cavity from the second yielding opening; an inspection cavity is formed in the inspection pool.


Through adding a groove to an end-coupled perfect ring (PR) resonator, a ring-groove (RG) joint metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure is proposed. Destructive interference for the expected surface plasmon mode will occur due to the phase differences between two optical paths, leading to the plasmonic-induced absorption response with abnormal dispersion, which is analogous to the electromagnetically induced absorption in the three-level atomic system. A transmission dip is achieved at the former-peak wavelength of the PR resonator, while two transmission peaks arise around the window. The proposed structure, which benefits from -0.3 ps group delay time, will be preferred in the ultrafast-light applications. Due to the same interference effect, plasmonic-induced transparency response with slow-light characteristic is also investigated by arranging the RG joint resonator to be a side-coupled configuration. Therefore, a new approach for on-chip light-speed control can be developed by using the proposed structures, whose performances are investigated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and the coupled mode theory.


The consumer co-operative movement was one of the most important popular movements in inter-war Europe, but remains under-researched by historians in comparison to other social movements, especially with regard to its international dimensions. From 1895, the co-operative movement also had its own international organisation, the International Co-operative Alliance (ICA). This book explores the transnational history of consumer co-operation from the establishment of the movement in the second half of the nineteenth century to the outbreak of the Second World War, focusing in particular on co-operation in the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden). The co-operative movement was especially strong throughout the region and the Nordic co-operative federations played a prominent role in the ICA. The fundamental question explored in the book concerns the meaning of co-operation: was it a social movement or an economic enterprise? Did it aspire to challenge capitalism or to reform it? Did it contain at its heart a political vision for the transformation of society or was it simply a practical guide for organising a business? I argue that it was both, but that an examination of the debates over the different meanings of co-operation can also illuminate broader questions about the emergence of consumer interests in the first half of the twentieth century, especially in a transnational context. Studying the Nordic co-operative movement also helps to shed light on the growing international interest in this region and the emergence of a Nordic "middle way" during the 1930s.


Objective To establish a standard method on collection and identification of Piroplasma infected to cattle and sheep.Methods The Piroplasma were isolated by inoculating the blood or tick collected from the field,the tick vectors were determined by transmission experiment;The phylogenetic relationship was studied by sequencing 18S rRNA gene.Results Thirty four isolates of Piroplasma were obtained from the distinct areas of China,and some studies on their taxonomy were carried out.Conclusion Piroplasma could be effectively isolated by the blood inoculation or by the transmission with ticks,more accurate taxonomic studies were obtained by the classical method in combination with the molecular method.


This document is the 11th chapter in a book which provides a framework for considering the "new" politics of abortion in the US (created when the Supreme Court gave states more leeway in regulating access to abortion) and the second of six chapters in a section devoted to an examination of state abortion policy and politics. This chapter examines the relationship between the abortion attitudes held by state residents and the abortion policies of their states. The chapter opens by noting that the states now dictate the future of abortion policy and by reviewing relevant studies. A thermostatic model is then presented of state abortion opinion and policy which relates absolute state preferences (what state residents want in terms of abortion policy) state abortion policy and relative state preferences (what people want relative to existing abortion policy). The model hypothesizes that state relative and absolute preferences are positively related but that the former is negatively and the latter positively related to state abortion policy. Data gathered from 1990 CBS/New York Times polls in 42 states are used to examine the connections empirically at a single point in time. The restrictiveness of abortion policy is calculated by summing the value of the states abortion laws on a range of 1-18. The analysis reveals that a positive but modest relationship exists between state absolute preferences and state abortion policy. Also absolute and relative state preferences are closely related and the unexplained variation seen in relative preferences may be due to the restrictiveness of the policy itself. It appears that state voters respond to abortion policy and adjust their preferences for more or less policy activity according to what policy is actually made.


From the basic consumption demand, the income elasticity, actual consumption structure, increment consumption structure, this paper contrasts the characteristics of consumption structure between urban and rural households in Henan province by using ELES model. The main conclusions can be made as follows: there is a large gap of consumption composition between rural and urban households; the rural households spent more on housing but less than eating; the rural households have higher marginal consumption propensity of residence but the urban households have higher marginal consumption propensity of food.


Blood routine is a common laboratory index in clinic, and used as an auxiliary item for diagnosing many diseases. Currently, sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection has been a pandemic concern which severely threatens human health [1].


ABSTRACT This study was carried out to establish the database system by using the safety inspection and in-depth inspection results for infrastructures such as bridges, tunnels, dams, and water supplies. A classification system of each facility was proposed by standardizing items for inspection & diagnosis in order to automatize work process. Also, it justifies data structure based on database from pre-investigation to field survey, evaluation of facilities, and report making. In addition to this, it suggests improvement plans of relative regulations and guidelines such as Facility Management System(FMS), operational regulation, and inspection detailed guideline to make inspection result database of infrastructures which can be used effectively. 요 지 본 연구에서는 교량, 터널, 댐, 상수도 등 사회기반 시설물의 안전점검 및 정밀안전진단결과를 DB화하고 업무프로세스를 자동화하기 위해 각 시설물별로 점검진단에 필요한 항목을 표준화해서 분류체계를 마련하였고 사전조사에서부터 현장조사 , 시설물평가, 보고서작성에 이르는 전 과정에서 걸쳐 데이터베이스 기반의 자료구조를 정의하고 파일럿시스템을 구현하였다 . 또한 점검진단결과 DB가 효과적으로 활용될 수 있도록 개선방안을 제시하고 , 시설물정보관리종합시스템 운영규정 , 점검진단세부지침 등 관련 규정/지침에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다.Keywords : Inspection result database of infrastructures, Facility Inspection System using Tablet-PC, Inspection detailed guideline, Facility Management System (FMS)한국토목섬유학회논문집 제13권 4호 2014년 12월 pp. 133 ∼ 141J. Korean Geosynthetics Society Vol.13 No.4 December. 2014 pp. 133 ~ 141DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12814/jkgss.2014.13.4.133ISSN:1975-2423(Print) 2287-9528(Online)


Aim: To evaluate the reliability of infrared tympanic thermometry in children who have undergone myringotomy with grommet insertion. Method: Forty children who had undergone myringotomy with at least one grommet insertion had the tympanic temperature of each ear and the axillary temperature measured on admission and 30 minutes post-operatively. Result: No difference was found between the pre- and post-operative temperatures measured by either method (p > 0.05, paired t-test, hypothesized difference of 0). Conclusion: Infrared tympanic thermometry is reliable in monitoring body temperature in children who have had minor ear surgery.


Disaggregated computer architectures eliminate resource fragmentation in next-generation datacenters by enabling virtual machines to employ resources such as CPUs, memory, and accelerators that are physically located on different servers. While this paves the way for highly compute- and/or memory-intensive applications to potentially deploy all CPUs and/or memory resources in a datacenter, it poses a major challenge to the efficient deployment of hardware accelerators: input/output data can reside on different servers than the ones hosting accelerator resources, thereby requiring time- and energy-consuming remote data transfers that diminish the gains of hardware acceleration. Targeting a disaggregated datacenter architecture similar to the IBM dReDBox disaggregated datacenter prototype, the present work explores the potential of deploying custom acceleration units adjacently to the disaggregated-memory controller on memory bricks (in dReDBox terminology), which is implemented on FPGA technology, to reduce data movement and improve performance and energy efficiency when reconstructing large phylogenies (evolutionary relationships among organisms). A fundamental computational kernel is the Phylogenetic Likelihood Function (PLF), which dominates the total execution time (up to 95%) of widely used maximum-likelihood methods. Numerous efforts to boost PLF performance over the years focused on accelerating computation; since the PLF is a data-intensive, memory-bound operation, performance remains limited by data movement, and memory disaggregation only exacerbates the problem. We describe two near-memory processing models, one that addresses the problem of workload distribution to memory bricks, which is particularly tailored toward larger genomes (e.g., plants and mammals), and one that reduces overall memory requirements through memory-side data interpolation transparently to the application, thereby allowing the phylogeny size to scale to a larger number of organisms without requiring additional memory.


Many human action definitions have been provided in the field of human computer interaction studies. These distinctions could be considered merely semantical as human actions are all carried out performing sequences of body postures. In this paper we propose a human action classifier based on volumetric reconstructed sequences (4-D data) acquired from a multi-viewpoint camera system. In order to design the most general action classifier possible, we concentrate our attention in extracting only posture-dependent information from volumetric frames and in performing action distinction only on the basis of the sequence of body postures carried out in the scene. An Invariant Shape Descriptor (ISD) is used in order to properly describe the body shape and its dynamic changes during an action execution. The ISD data is then analyzed in order to extract suitable features able to meaningfully represent a human action independently from body position, orientation, size and proportions. The action classification is performed using a supervised recognizer based on the Hidden Markov Models (HMM) theory. Experimental results, evaluated using an extensive action sequence dataset and applying different training conditions to the HMM-based classifier, confirm the reliability of the proposed


The important idea of "Three Represents"is what Jiang Zemin puts foward for China′s modernizations in the new century politically,organizatonally and ideologiclly,which will exert a profound influence on the construction of modernizations.Therefore,there are indivisible internal relations between"Three Represents"and China′s modernizations.


Religious organizations constitute by far the largest single network of voluntary community organizations serving the needs of the elderly in American society. The dramatic increase in the numbers of people 60 years of age and older, which will increase to 5500 million by the year 2025, calls for a refocusing of efforts from direct services to a few to advocacy with and in behalf of all older people. The National Interfaith Coalition on Aging has played a major role on the national scene. The World Plan of Action on Aging includes a specific role for non-governmental organizations in the recommendations for implementation on a global scale. The mission of the Church as advocate for the aging has only begun.


There are many new radar and communications systems that will utilize ultrawide-band antennas. In this investigation, a compact genetic antenna consisting of a set of wires connected in series and with impedance loads is designed and measured. The shape of the antenna and the location of the loads and their impedances are optimized using a genetic algorithm. The resultant antenna is mounted over a ground plane and has elliptical polarization and near hemispherical coverage. It has a VSWR that is under about 4.5 over the 50 to 1 band from 300 to 15000 MHz. The VSWR, radiation patterns and antenna efficiency have been simulated and the VSWR has been measured.


A certain type of transformation of a set of numbers may be represented as the multiplication of a vector by a square matrix. Repetition of the operation is equivalent to multiplying the original vector by a power of the matrix. Properties of powers of matrices are thus of considerable importance, and many general properties have been established for some time.


Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to report on research that examined the perceptions of selected heads of Nigerian libraries about how gossip can assist in the management of libraries of all types. A survey was used to collect data from 40 heads of libraries in the south-west region of Nigeria. The questionnaire contained questions that related to the issues being investigated. The 30 responses (75%) received were processed, analyzed, and the results are presented herein. The study revealed that gossip has indeed helped library management in Nigeria. The heads of libraries reported that they derived some benefits from gossip which helped in decision making. Most respondents agreed that gossip might get out of hand, but said it should be monitored to be used as a positive tool in library management. While the study is limited to 30 libraries, it has applications to similar libraries across Nigeria, and even in other countries. This research provides a better understanding of the reasons why library managers and others should pay attention to gossip and to those behind it because of their influence. This study adds to the body of knowledge about gossip in libraries.


According to the application requirements of granary environment, short-range wireless transmission method is employed to design a temperature and humidity monitoring system of granary, which is based on Atmega128 microprocessor and JN5139 wireless data transmission chip.JN5139 facilitates the design of the node of wireless sensor network, whose ultra-low power and high integration help to reduce energy consumption. The node can not only monitor environmental parameters effectively, but also configure various sensors conveniently, thus having a strong versatility and easy networking ability. The experimental results show that the node of wireless monitor network, based on the ZigBee protocol, can be driven by 3v battery to carry out a single hop or multi-hop communications successfully, which proves the feasibility and validity of the system design.