Both built and natural environments embellish student learning; however, it is believed that there are far too many functional and structural design problems in schools. This document provides basic design factors from three perspectives: environmental; educational; and architectural. Selected developmentally appropriate characteristics of students are reviewed and linked to affective, behavioral, and cognitive learning categories. These characteristics are then matched with learning goals and activities. Appropriate architectural/natural support systems are defined and designs that match the learning goals are recommended. Appendices present the guiding principles of sustainable site and building designs. (GR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. kr) School Design Factors for Improving Student Learning C. Kenneth Tanner Professor Department of Educational Leadership The University of Georgia Athens, GA 30602 email@example.com P (706) 542-4067 F (706) 542-5873 http://coe.uga.edu/sdpl/sdpl.html PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


SUBTITLE: A RECENT DESIGN PROJECT SHOWS HOW INNOVATIVE LAYOUTS AND NEW MATERIALS WILL MAKE COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS-FUELED VEHICLES A MASS- PRODUCTION REALITY.


It is well-known that vanadium sesquioxide (V 2O 3) possesses phase transition insulator metal that is widely used in some modern systems of automation and control. However, V 2O 3 is the connection capable to spontaneous oxidation before connection V 2O 5, not possessing phase transition. It allows to speak about propensity of oxide to «ageing» and, as consequence, to change of its properties. In work the analysis of factors influencing speed of oxidation and as about ways of delay of process of ageing is carried out. Dependences of electric resistance on temperature (80 300K) for samples V 2±δO 3 and V 2±δMe 0,020O 3 (Me Fe, Cr, Al) are for this purpose received. Some parameters of phase transition metal insulator are defined.


Concerning the business of Colors; in my saying that when Monsieur N. hath shewn how White may be produced our of two uncompounded colors, I will tell him, why he can conclude nothing from that; my meaning was, that such a White, (were there any such,) would have different properties from the White, which I had respect to


A. M. CARR-SAUNDERS. The Biological Basis of Human Nature. (L. T. Hobhouse Memorial Trust Lectures, No. 12). Oxford University Press. London: Humphrey Milford. 1942. Pp. 24. 2s. net. W. G. DE BURGH. George Dawes Hicks, 1862-1941. From the Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. XXVII. London: Humphrey Milford. 1942. Pp. 29. 3s. net. KEWAL MOTWANI, A.M., Ph.D. Science and National Reconstruction in India. (Address delivered before the Indian Science Congress, 29th Session, at Baroda, January 6th, 1942.) Calcutta: The Indian Science Congress Association. 1942. Pp. ii + 34. ARMAND LOWINGER. The Methodology of Pierre Duhem. New York: Columbia University Press. London: Oxford University Press. (Humphrey Milford.) 1941. Pp. 184. English price, 15s. 6d. net. ALFRED TARSK


Loyalty is the attitude that a person has to survive and be loyal to the
Loyalty is the attitude that a person has to survive and be loyal to the company, employers and colleagues. Loyalty is very important in an organization. One of the factors that can increase employee loyalty is the high employee satisfaction. The purpose of this study to: 1) To determine the relationship between job satisfaction with employee loyalty 2) To determine the level of employee job satisfaction. 3) To know the level of employee loyalty. 4) To know the role of job satisfaction on employee loyalty. Subjects in this study amounted to 71 field employees PT.Patiware. The sampling technique of this study using purposive non random sampling. The measuring tools used in this study, the scale of job satisfaction and employee loyalty scale. Data analysis technique used in this research is statistical correlation technique Product Moment. Based on product moment correlation analysis obtained correlation coefficient (r) of 0.587 and sig p = 0.000 (p <0.01) which means there is a very significant positive relationship between satisfaction Work with employee loyalty. The relationship shows that the higher the employee job satisfaction, the higher the loyalty of employees to the company. The level of the job statisfaction in PT.Patiware employee is included in a high category, the empirical mean of the scale job statisfaction is 93,66, meanwhile the hypothetical mean of job statisfaction is 80. The level of employee loyalty is included in a high category, the empirical mean of is 124,10, meanwhile the hypothetical mean of employee loyalty is 100. The level of job statisfaction in PT.Patiware employee is included in a high category Effective contribution (SE) variable of job satisfaction with loyalty of employee equal to 34,4%, indicated by correlation (r2) = 0,344. There are 65,6% other variables that influence work loyalty besides job satisfaction


ABSTRACT The research aims at testing empirically the influence of manager's transformational leadership style on organizational commitment. The proposed hypthesis is positive relationship between manager's transformational leadership style and organizational commitment.The subjects of the research are 40 employees of Batik Company "Nyonya Indo". The subjects used in the research should meet the requirements, i.e.: 1). Men and women, 2). Permanent employee, 3). Have been working at least for a year. Transformational leadership style and organizational commitment scales were used to collect the data. The method of data analysis used is product moment correlation of Pearson through SPSS program of 17.00 for windows version. The result shows that there is significant positive correlation between manager's transformational leadership style and organizational commitment. This is depicted in r = 0,297 and p < 0,05. It means that the higher the transformational leadership style is applied, the higher the organizational commitment and vice versa. The number of the influence of manager's transformational leadership style on organizational commitmentis 7,841 %. Keywords: organizational commitment, transformational leadership style,


Passive voice is one of the important English grammar that should be mastered because it is used at formal and informal communication. The EFL students tend to produce grammatical errors in transforming active to the passive sentence because of syntactical interference of their first language. The objectives of this research are to know the types of errors that students made in transforming active to passive sentences, to know the students' problems in transforming active to passive sentences and to know the proportion of the students' errors. The subject of this research is 20 English students at one private university in Lampung. The result of this research shows that the total number of errors that had been committed by the students based on surface strategy taxonomy is 280 errors, which falls into the following proportion of the four kinds of errors in surface strategy taxonomy: 126 errors of omission error, 18 errors of addition error, 120 errors of misformation error, and 16 errors of misordering error.


This paper presents an applicable health monitoring method for Li-ion batteries based on profust reliability theory. The word "profust" derives from "probability" and "fuzzy-state", which means that the profust reliability theory is a kind of fuzzy reliability theory based on probability assumption and fuzzy-state assumption. It defines a concept of transition from fuzzy success to fuzzy failure to characterize system performance. In this paper, charge cycles of a battery are analysed, and the profust reliability is employed to estimate battery health state as a health indicator. Then, all operational states are classified into five health levels through profust reliability values. This process contributes a transform from quantitative reliability index to qualitative health level, which is able to describe system performance in a more intuitive way. Owing to the appealing 'fuzzy' advantage, the profust reliability theory can be effectively applied to the health monitoring of Li-ion batteries.


Abstract The dusty cloud radiative forcing over the middle latitude regions of East Asia was estimated by using the 2-year (July 2002-June 2004) data of collocated clouds and the Earth's radiant energy system (CERES) scanner and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) from Aqua Edition 1B SSF (single scanner footprint). The dusty cloud is defined as the cloud in dust storm environment or dust contaminated clouds. For clouds growing in the presence of dust, the instantaneous short-wave (SW) forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is about -275.7 W/m2 for cloud over dust (COD) region. The clouds developing in no-dust cloud (CLD) regions yield the most negative short-wave (SW) forcint (-311.0 W/m2), which is about 12.8% stronger than those in COD regions. For long-wave (LW) radiative forcing, the no-dust cloud (CLD) is around 102.8 W/m2, which is 20% less than the LW forcing from COD regions. The instantaneous TOA net radiative forcing for the CLD region is about -208.2W/m2, which is 42.1% l...


Based on the investigation and analysis of the underground concrete structure design for Shanghai Rail Transit System and the surrounding conditions, hereby described are the ways, general strategies and relevant measures for concrete durability design, with the proposal that silicate cement with the strength not lower than 42.5 be selected, measures be taken to protect the precast segments and station structure from cracking and leakage, and for additional corrosion resistance and monitor of structural works, as a theoretical basis for preparing relevant codes and standards.


Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV) is characterized by chronic or recurrent infectious mononucleosis-like symptoms, such as fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, liver dysfunction, lym-phadenopathy, hypersensitivity to mosquito bites, skin rash.Patients with CAEBV have high viral loads in their periphe-ral blood and/or an unusual pattern of EBV-related antibodies.This disease is rare but severe with high mortality, the pathogenesis is unknown though there is accumulating evidence that the clonal expansion of EBV-infected T or natural killer (NK) cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of CAEBV.Because antiviral therapy is generally ineffective for this disease, numerous agents have been tried for the treatment of CAEBV, e.g.immunosuppressive agents, immunomodulatory therapy, immune cell therapy.Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants have been reported to be successful, but there still has some risks.

Key words:
Epstein-Barr virus; Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection; Child


Summary information about key aspects of the simulation modeling language GPSS is provided.The class of problems to which GPSS applies especially well is described; commentary on the semantics and syntax the language is offered; the learning-oriented literature for GPSS is summarized; various GPSS implementations are commented on; the time-sharing networks offering GPSS are cited; and public courses on the language are listed.
 The GPSS tutorial itself will delve into the fundamental details of GPSS and present examples of simple GPSS models. Copies of the transparencies used for the tutorial will be distributed to those in attendance. (These transparency copies are excluded from reproduction here because of page-count limits.)


Summary Thromboembolic complications are often a common pathological consequence of severe soft tissue trauma. Recent demonstration that monocytes (MØ) produce tissue factor (TF) has led to the suggestion that these TF producing MØ might play a role in coagulopathy. We have previously demonstrated that trauma patients with splenectomy develop aberrant monocyte function and this patient group is also known to be at high risk of hypercoagulability episodes. This paper is an intial report on the use of MØ TF as an indicator of and/or a correlate to clotting episodes. Monocytes isolated from the Ficoll-Hypaque purified mononuclear cells of 46 normal individuals, 17 trauma patients and 6 surgical controls were assayed at 3 day post-injury intervals for their levels of TF activity. Changes in monocyte TF activity were correlated to increases in the fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of 125I-fibrinogen. Trauma patients were retrospectively divided into those whose FCR was elevated to a level indicative of coagulopathy and those whose FCR levels were not associated with coagulation abnormalites. All trauma patients who exhibited significantly increased FCR experienced thromboembolic episodes and had monocytes whose TF activity was increased an average of 300% (X = 47 units vs X = 12 units) over surgical controls. These increases in monocyte TF activity occrured at 6-13 days post injury and preceded clinical manifestation of coagulopathy by 4-6 days. The increased monocyte TF activity demonstrated in this study was significantly correlated to detection of pathologically increased FCR (Rs = 0.850) and compared to other indices of hypercoagulability.


Emissions of SO2 and NOx from U.S. pulp and paper mills were estimated for calendar years 1980,1985 and 1990. Questionnaires were used to obtain mill-specific information on fuel use, coal and oil sulfur content, SO2/NOx control technology performance, and relevant production-related parameters. Total estimated SO2 emissions declined from 875,000 tons in 1980 to 600,000 tons in 1990, while NOx emissions increased from 274,000 to 305,000 tons. Paper production increased nearly 30 percent from 1980 to 1990.


An analysis of mortality statistics for the United States and selected countries was undertaken to determine whether there was a real or apparent rise in pancreatic cancer for the period 1910 through 1968. The rise was found to be real and threefold in magnitude when adjustments were made for the aging of the population. Rising percentage of histologic confirmation through time, increasing diagnostic accuracy, and classification change practices were all factors discussed, but discarded, as reasons for the rise. A literature review of real causes or associations for pancreatic cancer was performed and indicated that only the data on industrial carcinogen exposure and cigarette smoking show both the trend and the statistical magnitude of association to consider them as real causes or associations. A broader epidemiological approach is advisable both in considering other experimental associations and in tracing specific chemicals in cigarette smoke and industrial exposure.


Postcolonial studies in Biblical Studies have their roots in Liberation Theology with strong roots in Latin America. In a rare allusion to the sixteenth century Spanish empire, Mark Brett seizes on pieces that conform to scholarly edifices of the Bible and Empire that have already been established. The Telegraph Bible refers to a Bible that was on message and that could be reduced to a few precise gestures; and a Bible that was structured by a few simple coercive contrasts like the dot-dash binary of Morse code. In order to show how sixteenth century writers exploited inner-biblical divisions, this chapter focuses on the strategic manipulation of conflicting biblical traditions of 'the land. It compares Sahagun's bleak parable of the sower and figures of a God-deserted wasteland with systems of evangelical husbandry in the nineteenth century British Empire. Keywords: Biblical Studies; God-deserted wasteland; Latin America; liberation theology; Mark Brett; Morse Code; nineteenth century British Empire; Sahagun; sixteenth century Spanish empire; Telegraph Bible


BACKGROUND
Physical activity has numerous associated benefits for cancer survivors. Compared with their urban counterparts, rural Australians experience a health disadvantage, including poorer survival rate after diagnosis of cancer.

OBJECTIVE
The aims of this study were to test the effectiveness of an online 12-week walking intervention designed for cancer survivors and explore region-specific psychological predictors of behavior change.

METHODS
This was a quasi-randomized controlled trial of an online resource designed according to Social Cognitive Theory and Self-determination Theory, based on individualized goal setting. Measures of habitual walking, motivation, and self-efficacy were taken at baseline, postintervention, and 3-month follow-up in an intervention group (n = 46) and active control group (n = 45). The control group was provided a pedometer but did not have access to the online program.

RESULTS
An increase in steps/day at 12 weeks was observed in both groups, with a larger increase in the intervention group; these increases were not sustained at the 3-month follow-up. Psychological predictors of maintained change in steps per day (motivation, barrier self-efficacy, and relapse self-efficacy) did not differ between metropolitan and rural participants. Changes in steps per day among intervention participants were predicted by changes in relapse self-efficacy and barrier self-efficacy.

CONCLUSIONS
The intervention was successful in increasing physical activity postintervention; however, changes were not maintained at follow-up. There were no region-specific predictors of engagement in the intervention.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Nurses are seamlessly positioned to promote health interventions like walking. Nurses should reframe physical activity with patients so that relapse is seen as common and possibly inevitable when adopting a regular physical activity habit.


A rather shadowy monarch called Israel whom we know positively only from his coins (pp. 89-91, 93, 194, 249) and with very authentic Christian credentials proclaiming enthusiastic Christian slogans, wearing his splendid tiara and carrying the typical processional cross, has recently been bogged down into the murky controversy of Falasha origins. All these myths and legends have provided Ethiopian poets with an inexhaustible source of beautiful imagery throughout the centuries. Alas, those poets lived in such times and climes where their creative genius could not earn them the international fame and obvious prosperity which modern popular writers obtain from their best-selling books on the subject!


The performance of millimeter wave comparing with microwave and infrared is proposed.The resolving capability,Doppler frequency and detection range are analyzed.The main weapons using millimeter wave guidance technology is summarized and the anti-interference performance is provided.


The world is not one world, but several worlds differentiated according to the indicators of human development: longevity, education and standard of living. The desire of all countries in the world is to improve on these indices of human development and that should be indicative of a better life for individuals and l lead to a better world for all. The argument is made that education is key to such improvement, and that computer technology is a major tool to provide access to basic education for all. Such an education should have as its outcome the well being of individuals and communities. The educational programme should include, at a minimum, critical literacies (reading, numeracy and technology), general academic subjects, civic and moral education, leisure activities and enterprise education.


Objective To investigate enteral nutrition on nutritional status of elderly patients with COPD,serum inflammatory factors and cardiac function.Methods Of 41 cases of elderly patients with stable COPD for the study,patients were randomly divided into two groups,while the conventional treatment groups,one group received enteral nutrition,and the other free diet.Nutrition before and after treatment were detected in the index,measured by RIA hair TNF-α,IL-6,detection of left ventricular ejection fraction by echocardiography LVEF.Results Enteral nutrition in the treatment of patients were improved after the nutrition indicators,have lower levels of inflammatory cytokines and cardiac function were improved after treatment was statistically significant(P0.05).Free diet group,no obvious improvement of the nutritional indices,inflammatory cytokines and cardiac function,no significant difference before and after(P0.05).Conclusion Elderly patients with stable COPD,in the conventional therapy while focusing on enteral nutrition therapy can improve the nutritional status of patients to improve immune function,regulate inflammatory cytokines,further improve cardiac function.


To reduce the first-pass effect and increase the targeting of ozagrel (OZ), the ozagrel-magnetoliposomes (OZ-MLs) were prepared in this study. Here, we described the preparation and characterization of OZ-MLs. It had a diameter of around 0.2μm. To prevent the aggregation of particles, the magnetite was treated with a surfactant, resulting in a stable ferrofluid suspension. The cumulative release of OZ from OZ-MLs could be up to 64.5 % in 30 min in vitro under AC-magnetic field. However, it was only 24.0 % for OZ-MLs without AC-magnetic field.


Liquids confined in a nanocavity play a key role in many natural processes. Prominent examples ofnanoconfined liquids are water in the hydrophobic pocket of a protein or in a biological cell or many liquidsin a nanoporous catalyst and in other materials. In recent years, femtosecond spectroscopy and computersimulations havegenerated a considerable amount of new knowledge on the dynamics of liquids confined ina nanocavity [1]. The nanoassemblies are heterogeneous on a molecular length scale. As a result, the spectraanddynamicsofafluorescentprobeindifferentregionsofsuchananoassemblyaredistinctlydifferent.Inanattempt spatially to resolve ultrafast dynamics, we have recently applied the excitation wavelength (l


In order to Reduce the high Peak to Average Power Ratio(PAPR)of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM)signal and develop the resource of low voltage power line communication(PLC)efectively,this paper proposes a low-complexity improved technique based on patical transmit sequences(PTS).To reduce higher computational complexity,the iterative algorithm to is adopted optimize phase factor,in which real and virtual parts of the modulated singal are separately multiplied with phase factors.Simulation result shows that the algorithm could with fast convergence speed,achieve excellent phase factor,reduce remarkably the PAPR of the OFDM system,and improves effectively the performance of PLC.


Cyberattacks are increasing in frequency, publicity, and impact, making significant cyber episodes a hallmark of modern foreign policy. One subset of these cyberattacks is state-supported interference in elections. For this form of election interference, existing international law offers states limited response options. This predicament has led some state officials and international legal experts to champion creative interpretations of international law that would allow forceful retributions—or "forceful countermeasures"—on cyber election interferers to dissuade states from conducting online election interference. This chapter explores both the existing international legal framework that apples to cyber interference in elections and the proposals to accept the possibility of forceful countermeasures. It concludes that although countermeasures are available above the use-of-force threshold, states should resist engaging in forceful countermeasures when addressing cyber election interference. States can employ other mechanisms, including drafting a new treaty regulating interference in the digital age, rather than stretching countermeasures doctrine beyond a prudent scope.


This study aims to analyze inequality and spatial autocorrelation of provincial economic growth on the islands of Sumatra and Java. The study period starts from 2010 to 2015, which involves ten provinces on the island of Sumatra and six regions on the island of Java. This study uses the Williamson Index and Moran Index methods. The results of this study indicate that there are differences in income inequality. Java Island has a higher bias than Sumatra Island. The top income variation in Java is caused by high development in one of the provinces in Java while in Sumatra due to geographical and natural resource factors. Besides, the Moran Index shows that there is no spatial linkage of per capita GRDP between provinces in Sumatra and Java.


HPLC-MS/MS was applied to the determinations of residual chlorfluazuron in vegetables.The sample was extracted with acetonitrile and the extract obtained was purified on Florisil column.The eluate was separated by gradient elution with methanol(90+10 by vol) solution on Agilent Eclipse XDB-C8(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) column,and detected by multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) in negative ion mode.Linear relationship between the peak area and the mass concentration of chlorfluazuron was obtained in the range of 1-50 μg·L-1,with detection limit(10S/N) 0.01 mg·kg-1.Tests for recovery and precision were made by standard addition method at 3 different concentration levels,values of recovery found were in the range of 91.7%-97.3% and values of RSD′s(n=6) were less than 5%.


There are currently more than 500 city-wide reading projects in the US, and dozens in Canada and the UK. Through creative and traditional programming, such as canoe treks and book discussion groups, producers often use the One Book, One City model to "create community" through a selected text. This essay argues that instances of coming together to share reading experiences can be considered literary cultural fields as the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu conceived them. Readers seek cultural capital by participating in events because participation in book culture is considered a commendable and valuable activity. However, in order to participate, one needs to already have a certain amount of cultural literacy and capital. The essay offers an analysis of readers' articulations of why they do and do not participate in city-wide book programming to help us better understand the motivations, pleasures and obstacles of membership in ephemeral reading communities.


The aim of this paper is to provide an account of the Take serial verb construction through a detailed analysis of the properties of verbs that may participate in this construction. My proposal is that serial verbs are derived complex predicates which are formed prior to D-Structure by means of operations on the Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS) of verbs. More precisely, serialization consists in the association of the LCSs of two verbs yielding a derived Lexical Conceptual Structure. The paper presents an overview of the properties of the Take serial construction of Fongbe. It is shown that previous analyses proposed to account for the serial verb construction cannot account for the lexical and syntactic properties of the Take serial verb construction under analysis.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the relationship between the need for health services and the use of mental health services in Colombia.

METHODS
The prevalence of mental disorders, as determined by the National Mental Health Survey (ENSM-2015), was compared to the registry of patients treated for the diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders in the Information System (SISPRO-2013), which contains the individual health service delivery records (RIPS) of all persons who used the services of the health system in one year.

RESULTS
The prevalence of mental disorders estimated according to ENSM for the Colombian population older than seven years was 4.02%, while the prevalence of health care obtained from SISPRO was 1.56%. This means that the percentage of the population that is not receiving care from the health system is 61.1%. Of 1 695 726 people with mental disorders, only 38.9% received mental health care.

CONCLUSION
Most people with mental disorders in Colombia do not receive mental health care from the healthcare system.


Summary The National Health Service (NHS) is facing one of the toughest financial periods of its history during which it will need to maintain the quality of care. Clinical leadership will be critical as the service faces this challenge. The King's Fund has a wealth of experience in developing the skills of leaders in the NHS, and is constantly adjusting its approach to meet the needs of those leaders. With this in mind, we conducted a survey of clinical and medical directors to find out what skills they believed they need to face these challenging times. Major findings include the following. n Both medical and clinical directors embrace the quality agenda articulated by Lord Darzi in High Quality Care for All (Darzi 2008), and are committed to preserving it. n Both medical and clinical directors are eager to work with their managerial colleagues as equal partners to maintain clinical quality, ensure patient safety and improve patients' experience in the face of reduced resources. They see an urgent need for clinicians and managers to share a single mindset on maintaining quality efficiently.


Abstract This article presents and summarizes our observations based on historical research and site visits of 130 dendrological gardens in Hungary and 36 sites in Transylvania. The results favourably demonstrate the outstanding ecological and landscape values of these dendrological gardens in the Carpathian Basin. The research identifies the most typical exotic woody species that can be still found in those dendrological gardens that were developed in the Carpathian Basin during the era of creating landscape gardens, which is the 19th century in our region. We have defined about twenty exotic tree species, located in the researched dendrological gardens, of which presence highly affects the architectural and botanical composition, just as the landscape appearance or atmosphere of these gardens. Beyond all these effects, the article also highlights two other important points of the dendrological gardens: firstly, these gardens were breeding and acclimatization centres for spreading the new woody species, while, on the other hand, representatives of the spontaneous flora remained as veteran trees in these protected gardens, representing - mainly due to their age - outstanding ecological, dendrological and cultural values.


This work presents an elaborate analytical analysis and finite element geometry modeling to investigate the Temperature Coefficient of Frequency (TCF) and resonator bandwidth (BW) for different orientations and modes of operation in Lithium Tantalate (LT) MEMS resonators. Optimum cut algorithm is used to find the ideal wafer orientation and the proposed algorithm is cross-verified using Finite Element Method. Length extension mode resonators operating in the fundamental mode transcend the performance of contour mode resonators. LT resonators with a wafer orientation of (90°, 41°, 60°) operating in the fundamental length extension mode yield close to zero TCF and when oriented along (90°, 44°, 60°) it provides a maximum BW of 2.67%. Best values of both BW and TCF can be achieved simultaneously in a very close range of wafer orientation.


The growing availability of financial and macroeconomic data sets including a large number of time series (hence the high dimensionality) calls for econometric methods providing a convenient and parsimonious representation of the covariance structure both in the time and the cross-sectional dimensions. Currently, dynamic factor models constitute the dominant framework across many disciplines for formal compression of information. To overcome the challenges of dimensionality, many forecast approaches proceed by somehow reducing the number of predictors. Principal component regression (PCR) approach proposes computing forecasts as projection on the first few principal components of the predictors. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) approach combines forecasts to extract information from different possible relationships between the predicted variable and the predictor variables. These two literature apparently moved in two different directions. However, recent findings by De Mol et al. [2008] and the Ouysse and Kohn [2009] suggest there are theoretical and practical reasons to connect the two literatures. This paper provides empirical evidence for connecting these two seemingly different approaches to forecasting. The empirical results serve as a preliminary guide to understanding the behaviour of BMA under double asymptotics, i.e. when the cross-section and the sample size become large.


This paper examines the spatial transformation of Indian and Chinese cities with reference to prevailing gentrification and suburbanisation studies. Focusing on urban redevelopment and peripheral extension, the paper highlights how Indian and Chinese urban studies provide extensive analyses of demolition and displacement in urban renewal and redevelopment, peri-urbanisation, and mega urban projects in urban spatial extension. These studies, often developed by paying attention to specific Indian or Chinese urbanisation, add new narratives to gentrification and suburbanisation research and help to enhance our understanding of contemporary urban changes. Thinking about Indian and Chinese urban spatial transformation, these studies highlight that gentrification and suburbanisation are large research fields rather than defined concepts.


Using a new version of the Talbot-Rayleigh method we recorded the I (λ) channeled spectra of uniaxial nematic liquid crystal at different temperatures. We derive the theoretical expression of I (λ) that involves a three-band model for the refractive indices, which is then fitted with the experimental data by a nonlinear optimization procedure. As a result, we compute the dispersion curves no, ne, Δn, their temperature dependencies, and the band contributions.


We demonstrate interactive zoetropes that animate holographic images or solid figurines. Unlike previously existing zoetropes, they are capable of aperiodic, interactive behavior. For example, we use them to animate talking character's mouths in real time, in response to human speech.
 Zoetropes trace their roots to the early 1800s. Initially developed as parlor entertainment, they inspired the successive-image presentation method used in modern cinema and television. They were typically spinning platters or cylinders around which 2D images were affixed. The device was spun rapidly, and included a method (e.g. slits or mirrors) to strobe the user's view of the images, freezing their translational movement, and overlaying them to create animation.
 More recently the zoetrope has enjoyed a resurgence with global LED strobe illumination replacing slits, and solid figurines replacing 2D images. These new zoetropes still show all of the figures in motion at once, and they are still only capable of depicting periodic motion; the show repeats after each revolution of the platter.
 Our interactive zoetropes however allow us to instantaneously vary the order in which the images are displayed each revolution, allowing us to change the course of the animation in real time. This supports non-repetitive and non-trivial animation using a small, finite number of images or frames. Other researchers and commercial vendors have explored video animation based on audio input. In contrast, our approach allows instantaneous interactive animation of physical objects and holograms.
 We have prototyped 3 different types of interactive zoetrope. A first example animates whimsical faces drawn on ping-pong balls (Fig. 2) affixed to a small rotating platform. A rotary shaft encoder and associated electronics (fig 3) determine which figurine gets lit, based on an audio input level.
 In the case of this "Ping Pong Ball Zoetrope," as a person speaks into a microphone (Fig. 4) the whimsical ping-pong ball character mimics their talking mouth movement.
 A second version of our device spins a holographic plate (fig. 5) manufactured by Holorad Inc. The hologram (fig. 6) has 8 frames of animation of a "monster" character. Each frame has 42 depth planes, and is read out depending on the angle of an external light source to the back face of the transparent hologram. We rapidly rotate the hologram in its plane while strobing a high power LED controlled by an analog of the electronics used in the previous incarnation. The effect is that a luminous 3D image floats in front of the hologram, and appears to speak (moves face and mouth) in sync with a person speaking into a microphone.
 A final version (fig. 7) retains the hologram but instead of spinning it, we essentially "spin" its lighting. Fixed LEDs at 45 degree angles around the hologram are lit synchronously to the instantaneous volume level of a person speaking into a microphone, and again animate the monster.


The preceding chapters analysed what Sweden has done, and how far that country has come, in creating structures and processes of governance for the sustainability of the commons and the autonomy of the individual within the limits of democracy. One conclusion is that while the logic of ecological rationality may seem attractive in terms of sustainability and autonomy when laid out as an ideal type, its practical implementation will most certainly involve conflicts and compromises on both accounts. Compared to historic patterns of resource management and behaviour, ecological governance for sustainability implies 'winners' and 'losers' in terms of individual autonomy and freedom of choice different from those we are used to identifying in traditional struggles over social and economic issues of development. Governments engaging in efforts to bring about sustainable development will thus encounter political opposition and competition among conflicting values and interests. The pursuit of ecological sustainability adds new dimensions to the steering of human behaviour, and brings to the fore crucial issues about the ecology of governance itself. When push comes to shove, the political legitimacy of the 'sustainable society' project depends on how government can and does use its political authority towards other crucial actors in society to bring about ecologically rational governance. Political authority involves power to make decisions that are binding on others and to force these others to act according to the 2579Ch7 12/8/03 11:56 AM Page 181


Objective To study the pathological characteristics of leukocyte myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency and clinical laboratory diagnostic strategy for this disease. Methods The Bayer ADVIA 120 blood cell analyzer differentiate leukocyte and detect myeloperoxidase index (MPXI) . The leukocyte morphology and differentiating count on blood smear by Wright's stain were finished. The peroxidase positive cell percentage and score were counted by peroxidase stain. The expressive levels of leukocyte MPO antigen were measured by flow cytometric monoclonal antibodies method.Results The prevalence of mild neutrophil MPO deficiencies was 2.61%, and partial neutrophil MPO deficiencies was 0.39% in 5 761 in-patients. The significant changes in the dot plot from ADVIA 120 blood cell analyzer were seen in 3 patients with MPO deficiencies, and MPXI,MPO activities and MPO antigen levels of the patient's neutrophils and monocytes decteased remarkably,but there were normal levels in eosinophils.Conclusion Neutrophil MPO deficiencies were not a rare disorder,but the mild deficiency cases were seen usually.The low activity of MPO is an important evidence for MPO deficiencies diagnosis.The Bayer ADVIA 120 blood cell analyzer can be used simply and fleetly for screening MPO deficiencies in routine hematology laboratory.The peroxidase stain of blood smear is an improtant diagnostic method for MPO deficiencies.


Abstract: On the internet as the technology improves, the number of choices is overwhelming due to which there is need to filter, prioritize and efficiently deliver relevant information in order to alleviate the problem of information overload, which has created a potential problem to many Internet users. Recommender systems solve this problem by searching through large volume of dynamically generated information to provide users with personalized content and services. Recently, graph neural network (GNN) techniques have been widely utilized in recommender systems since most of the information in recommender systems essentially has graph structure and GNN has superiority in graph representation learning. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive application of GNN-based recommender systems.


0 7 4 0 7 4 5 9 / 0 4 / $ 2 0 . 0 0 © 2 0 0 4 I E E E infeasible to automatically identify conflicts and cooperation among requirements. Furthermore, conflicts and cooperation exist only if the same part of the system realizes the requirements. Unfortunately, attributes often suggest otherwise, creating false conflicts.1 Adding to the complexity is the fact that as systems evolve, new requirements emerge and existing ones change. Here, we investigate how requirements traceability can help address these issues. RT is the ability to describe and follow the life of a requirement, forward and backward. We do this by defining and maintaining relationships to various artifacts created during system development, such as stakeholder needs, architectural or design elements, or source code.2,3 RT facilitates communication, helps integrate changes, preserves design knowledge,4 and supports quality assurance. It's thus beneficial throughout the entire life cycle but particularly important in iterative approaches, where stakeholders frequently introduce and change requirements. Researchers have also recently used RT techniques to better understand and monitor persistent software attributes1,5 such as reliability, scalability, efficiency, security, and usability. Analyzing requirements using software attributes can make conflicts and cooperation instances more obvious, because changes in focus Identifying Requirements Conflicts and Cooperation: How Quality Attributes and Automated Traceability Can Help


Through analyzing the necessity of garden engineering teaching reform,the reform has been conducted by enriching and perfecting the contents,reforming teaching methods,enhancing the teaching practice,unifying a few courses as experiments and strengthening teachers training and etc.The teaching effect has been improved greatly.


To study differentiation of bovine adipose tissue preadipocytes into adipocytes, two tissue sources, two animal ages, and two differentiation media were tested. While no differentiation was observed with cells obtained from adult adipose tissue, foetal perirenal fi broblasts differentiated into adipocytes in the following medium: DMEM/F-12 1:1; 10 μg/mL insulin; 0.25 μM dexamethasone; 10 μg/mL very low-density lipoproteins; 100 μg/mL streptomycin; and 100 U/mL penicillin.


The article describes the formation of uniform approaches to narcotic drugs therapy for the treatment of chronic pain syndrome as an important aspect of improving the quality of care for patients with incurable diseases. It also shows the results of scheduled and unscheduled inspections of the Federal Service on Surveillance in Healthcare to monitor the procedure for prescribing and administrating narcotic drugs for pain management in the first half year of 2015.


The course of natural infection with measles virus was examined serologically and histopathologically in monkeys which were kept in routine quarantine. Giant cells of the Warthin-Finkeldey type were consistently detected in the lymph nodes biopsied one week after the serologically estimated time of natural infection, and they were considered to be caused by natural infection. Histopathological responses to subcutaneous inoculations of various strains of measles virus were then compared in monkeys which were kept in strict isolation from natural infection. The wild virus consisting of either throat washings from measles patients or infected monkey tissue extract produced a large number of giant cells widely distributed in the lymphoid tissues of all the monkeys inoculated. On the contrary, attenuated vaccines and other laboratory strains did not produce giant cells in most of the monkeys inoculated except in few monkeys which had small number of giant cells only in a limited distribution. In spite of such a marked difference of pathological changes between the wild virus and the vaccine or laboratory strains, no definite correlation of the pathological changes with the virulence of measles virus could be elucidated since the several laboratory strains which were supposed to be unattenuated behaved apparently in a similar way as the attenuated vaccines .


The paper begins with a critical examination of four mistaken propositions that characterize much of the conventional wisdom on capital income taxation. The analysis then shows the correct approach to evaluating the welfare cost of alternative tax treatments of capital income when taxes affect both the supply of labor and the timing of consumption.


This study investigates the role of women civil society organizations in communal conflicts in South-eastern Nigeria. Until recently the literature on the nexus of gender, civil society, peace and conflict research in Nigeria suggests that civil society studies have been largely gender blind. This is because the literature sometimes ignores the specificities of women group involvement in socio-economic and political processes. There is therefore the need to focus on the various links between gender, conflict and peace particularly in an increasingly violent and conflict-infested global political system. More specifically, the incorporation of cultural mechanisms of conflict resolution into mainstream peace process by women following the failure of conventional conflict management mechanism needs to be explored. From research findings conducted through a synergy of observation method, in-depth and keyinformant interviews, this study shows that women civil society organizations played vital roles in sustaining Aguleri and Umuleri conflict, and relied on traditional instrument of conflict resolution to manage the conflict.


Western herbalism has remained relatively stable in terms of materia medica and overarching practice approaches since its use by European ancients. Twenty first century herbalists' workarounds could be summed up by the saying 'old herbs, new tricks', with scope of changes being mainly about herbal selection, availability, preparations, validation, extraction methods and dosages. Naturopathy, on the other hand, has undergone a type of recrafting in the 21st century, and a re-discovery of its original basis or identity. Naturopathy being defined by its treatment modalities (e.g. herbal medicine, nutrition, homoeopathy, counselling, massage etc) has moved on to a definition based on its holistic philosophy, and uniquely codified principles of practice. Although the same modalities are applied, re-defining of practice has shifted the emphasis back to the individual needs of people seeking help.


In this letter r we show a novel GaAs delta-dopj-ng induced triangle-ljke double-barrier*guantum well diode. The double balriers are induced by the 6n*-i-6p*-i-6rr* stnrcture grorrn by deltadoping technique. The cun:entvoltage characteristics ochrjbits two diff enent tlpes of negative diffenential resistance ( tttrDR) at low and high bias r r€sp€ctively. At lovv bias, N-t1pe NDRs with peak-to-vafley ratio L.5 were obsenred due to resonant tunneling effect. An S-t14>e NDR e<isted at high bias. This results frcrn inpact ionjzation in high electric field.


The research reported in this article provides descriptions of design activities and of the evolving designs for expert procedural and expert object-oriented (OO) designers and for novice OO designers who also had extensive procedural experience. Ten experienced programmers were observed while designing software that would serve as a scoring system for swim meet competitions. Talk-aloud protocols were collected and analyzed for different types of cognitive activities and strategies that occurred during the course of design. In particular, we analyzed both the design activities and the level of abstraction of the designs over the course of time for each group in order to examine the role of several design strategies described in the literature as central in procedural design. In the course of these analyses, we developed a generic way (design template) of comparing the final designs of designers in different paradigms. Using this template, we analyzed the designs in terms of their completeness for different views at different levels of abstraction. Our analyses of procedural and OO designers-in terms of their cognitive activities, design strategies, and final designs-provide a detailed comparison between design paradigms in practice. A variety of descriptive results are discussed in terms of positive transfer, interference, and implications for design training. Findings are also discussed in terms of the relation between tasks and design paradigms.


This paper briefly introduces MVC development model,discuss the JSP/Servlet JavaBean and the concept of technology.The system uses the B/S structure and JSP/Servlet technology as development tools,so that the problemmers focus on bussiness logic.This kind of development model not only easy in implementation convenient for system development and maintenance.


The authors acknowledge supplemental financial support for this research made available by the Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) at MIT, sponsored jointly by the US Air Force and a consortium of aerospace companies. All facts, statements, opinions, and conclusions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not in any way reflect those of the LAI, the US Air Force, the sponsoring companies and organizations (individually or as a group), or MIT. The latter are absolved from any remaining errors or shortcomings for which the author takes full responsibility. This document is copyrighted 2004 by MIT. Its use falls under the LAI consortium agreement. LAI member companies, and SSPARC and LAI sponsoring organizations, may use, reproduce, and distribute this document for internal, non-commercial purposes. This notice should accompany any copies made of the document, or any parts thereof. This document is formatted for double-sided printing and edge binding. Blank pages are inserted for this purpose. Color printing is preferred, but black-and-white printing should still result in a usable document. This document is dedicated to the memory of Joyce Warmkessel, a colleague, mentor, and friend to many in the SSPARC and LAI communities. Many of the core ideas behind this work were originally expressed and developed by her, and she was a key mentor and facilitator to the development of all of this work. Major contributors of the original concepts within the method, and/or complimentary methods and tools, include our SSPARC faculty and staff Wood, along with their advisors and committees. Many other students, staff, and undergraduate researchers also contributed. Defense aided with the development of the method and the development of the case studies. SSPARC research work has been supported by an active group of industry practitioners, through both an Industrial Advisory Board (IAB) and on-site implementation activities. The text of this report is built on SSPARC research and member documents. Much of its contents are excerpts, modifications, or paraphrases of published or unpublished work done under SSPARC sponsorship. Every effort has been made to correctly attribute all contributions. Word-for-word excerpts are identified with quotes or indented, with citations. Many other excerpts have been edited to varying degrees and are integrated into the text for clarity. Their sources are cited in the text or in endnotes. Any omissions or errors of attribution should be brought to the authors' immediate attention for correction.


The social capital based on rural migrant workers is limited because of its small amount,narrow relationship,incomplete organization and less just system.As a result,their living and working in urban areas are affected,and there are more illegal cases occurring in the cities.The paper holds that a sound social capital of a modern society is to take systematic and organizational capitals as the dominance,and to reach the unification of private capital with the two mentioned above.


We have measured the room temperature elastic constants of tetragonal PdPb2 and derived from it the Debye temperature of the material. The Debye temperature evaluated from elastic constants is compared with that obtained from low‐temperature resistivity measurements.


Nitrite plays a very important role in meat processing.But because of its large toxicity and easy to form carcinogenic,so people can has been struggling to find its replacement.This article reviewed the functions and harms of adding nitrite to the meat products,and the research development of its substitute.


Poetry - as beautifully and variously demonstrated in Wild Song - can bring us closer to the natural world in all its grit and glory. Along with a scientific understanding of nature, we need just as crucially - more crucially, perhaps - a revived imaginal awareness, a knowledge based in heart and body. The diverse poems in this collection, most of them first published in Wilderness magazine, offer visions of the wildness within and around us all the time, even in the places we have altered most. Gathered here are eighty-three poems by eminent poets and emerging talents, highlighted by Deborah Randolph Wildman's evocative illustrations. These poems decry ecological injuries, celebrate nature's beauties, point to its many mysteries, and bear witness to our ever-available opportunity to recognize ourselves as rightful members of the evolutionary flow of earthly life.


This paper argues that state weakness is broader than implied previously in the civil war literature, and that particular types of weakness in interaction with natural resources have aggravating or mitigating consequences for the risk of civil war. While in anocracies or unstable regimes natural resources can be expected to increase the risk of civil war, we suggest that resource wealth allows weak leaders to stabilize their relationship with their inner elite circle. In particular, for regimes at risk of coup d'etat, the availability of substantial resources is more likely to be channeled in ways that deter rebellion, plausibly countering the grievances generated by natural resources and rebels' viewing of such resources as a prize for taking over the state. Data from 1946-2003 and multiple empirical operationalizations broadly support our argument. These findings are consistent with work showing that resource rents can induce stability in state - society relationships.


Textile production has an important share in the Turkish economy. One of the common problems in textile factories in Turkey is fabric texture defects that may occur due to textile machinery. The faulty production of the fabric adversely affects the company's economy and prestige. Many methods have been developed to achieve high accuracy in detecting defects in fabric. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of the models using the new dataset and deep learning models. The findings have determined that the Seresnet152d model, which is one of the transfer learning models, can classify with 95.38% accuracy on the generated dataset. Moreover, the majority voting gives 95.58% accuracy rate. In order to achieve high accuracy in the future, it is planned to optimize the parameters of the models used in the study with the help of swarm-oriented optimization algorithms.


The research aimed to study the extraction process of the flavonoids from the litchi peel by ethanol.Taking ethanol as the solvent and litchi peel as materials,with the mass fraction of flavonoids from the litchi peel as the survey index,the effects of ethanol mass fraction,extraction temperature,the ratio of solid to liquid and extracting time on the mass fraction of flavonoids were studied by using single factor test and orthogonal test.The optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from litchi peel were as follows:ethanol mass fraction of 60%,extraction temperature of 50 ℃,the solid-liquid ratio of 1:20,the extracting time of 2 h.Under these technology conditions,the extraction rate of flavonoids from the litchi peel at the first time was 7.68%.


The invention discloses a control and detection circuit for four relays and a detection method thereof. The control and detection circuit for the four relays comprises an inverter unit, a power grid, a power supply circuit unit, a control circuit unit, a relay unit, a detection circuit unit and a driving circuit unit, wherein the relay unit is electrically connected between the inverter unit and the power grid, a first node, a second node, a third node and a fourth node are arranged among the relay unit, the inverter unit and the power grid, the input end of the detection circuit unit is electrically connected to the first node, the second node, the third node and the fourth node, and the output end of the detection circuit unit and the input end of the driving circuit unit are electrically connected to the control circuit unit. According to the control and detection circuit for the four relays and the detection method thereof, the fault detection of the relay unit is carried out at any time according to requirements by arranging the first node, the second node, the third node and the fourth node and also by transmitting a signal to the control circuit unit through the detection circuit unit so as to ensure that the relay unit is at a normal state. The method is flexible, has a simple structure and is convenient to execute.


In this paper, we study Skype and Google Talk, two widely used VoIP systems, and compare their perceptual speech quality with that of our proposed system using UDP packet traces collected in the Planet Lab. Based on methods for speech coding, packetization, jitter control, estimation and feedback of network conditions, and loss concealments, our results show that Skype has noticeable quality degradations because it only uses a maximum of two-way redundancy for loss concealment, does not handle out-of-order arrivals, and applies a fixed jitter control of 60 ms relative to the expected arrival time. Its slow loss-adaptation time of more than one minute to change from one-way to two-way redundancy makes it susceptible to quality degradation under fast changing loss conditions. In contrast, Google Talk does not employ any loss adaptation and performs similar to Skype under low- to medium-loss scenarios. By addressing the shortcomings of Skype and Google Talk, we demonstrate improvements in speech quality in our proposed prototype


The effects of disorders on the quantum coherence for many-bosons are studied in a double well model. For the ground state, the disorder enhances the quantum coherence. In the deep Mott regime, dynamical evolution reveals periodical collapses and revivals of the quantum coherence which is robust against the disorder. The average over variations in both the on-site energy and the interaction reveals a beat phenomenon of the coherence-decoherence oscillation in the temporal evolution.


Strong laser action on the 342‐nm band of I2 has been obtained by transverse pumping I2/SF6 mixtures at 193 nm with an ArF laser. The highest output energy obtained was 230 mJ at an intrinsic energy conversion efficiency of approximately 30% equivalent to a photon efficiency of greater than 50%.


When waterflooding multilayer composite reservoir,owing to formation heterogeneity, it leads into phenomenon of tonguing,simple reservoir model can't reflect downhole real situation,so we need to build complex multilayer composite mathematical reservoir model for well test interpretation.In models of closed boundary condition in multi-bed composite reservoir,we have given the Laplace space solutions in closed boundary condition.After in-depth research of the space solutions,through theoretical calculation, we have obtained the non-dimensional pressure and pressure derivative and the non-dimensional time log-log theoretic graphs and made detailed analysis of bottom-hole pressure dynamic factors in various situations.This paper has improved logging interpretation theory of this model,which has certain directive significance on development of multi-bed composite reservoir in oilfield.


398 graduate and undergraduate students from the USA, Japan, and Hong Kong were administered Kirton's 1976 Adaption-Innovation Inventory of decision style. Factor analysis yielded different factor solutions for each of the three groups. Differences in factor structures suggest that adaption and innovation may be interpreted differently across cultures, with implications for group performance in cross-cultural settings. When used in cross-cultural research, Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory scores should be assessed not only in terms of between-group differences in mean scores but also in terms of differences in underlying factor structures.


John W. Tukey was an atypical intellectual for our times, a thinker of surprising inventiveness. He spent his whole academic career at Princeton University, almost from the start dividing his time between Bell Labs and the University. Each term he taught courses for undergraduates and doctoral students. He cherished teaching and was beloved and highly respected by his students. He had many interests outside of science, but was such a consummate statistician that we thought it might bring him closer to you, the reader, if we offer you a glimpse of one of his courses.


A major part of statistical work consists of summarizing, for the sake of analysis and description, micro-level information survey results, administrative or business related data – to manageable macro-level information. Researchers have developed various descriptive statistics, indexes and many other tools with the main objective being to extract and identify specifi c characteristics of the underlying datasets.


Objective Ta evaluate the effectiveness and morbidity of endoscopic variceal ligation in secondary prevention of recurrence bleeding by ruptured esophageal varices at the cirrhotic in CHU Tlemcen. Materials and methods: Between January 2004, starting date of this study retro and forward-looking and June 2007 date point, patients having received at least a ligature were upheld. Resuits Fifty-six cirrhosis patients, including 40 post-viral hepatitis B or C having least one ligature: 29 men and 27 women, average age 52.8 years, (10 Child-Pugh A, 36 B and 10 C), with Varicose stage Il (n = 24) and stage III (n = 32). The average decline was 21.07 months. The eradication of esophageal varices was obtained in 78.6% of our patients after an average of 2.7 meetings. At an average period of 18.3 months, reanastomosis was detected in 38.1% 0f patients. A recurrence 0f bleeding was found in 23% of patients. The size of varices (Grade III) and the score Child Pugh C are factors that are significantly predictive of reanastomosis in our study, however neither sex nor age seem to play a role. At least one complication was observed in 17% of our patients. The mortality rate was 14.3% unrelated to the technique. Conclusion: The endoscopic variceal ligation is an effective technique, with 10w morbidity and easy achievement. It appears as a method of choice in the secondary prophylaxis of recurrence esophageal varice bleeding in the cirrhotic. The interest of the association of a beta blocker observed in our series is ta a high light.


Objective To discuss the autologous pulmonary transplantation procedure in surgery for children with congenital aortic valvule disease.Methods Ten cases of aortic valvule disease were subjected to the autologous pulmonary transplantation procedure in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2005 to January 2013.The aortic root was implanted with part of pulmonary autograft and the right ventricular outflow track was reconstructed with autologous pericardium.All cases were followed up and underwent echocardiography.Results The cardiopulmonary bypass duration was (91.6 ±27.3) min and the aortic clamping duration was (72.6 ± 19.9) min.All patients were followed up for 6-96 months.No serious complications were found.No severe regurgitation and stenosis occurred in the neo-aortic valvules and neo-pulmonary valvules.Conclusion Autologous pulmonary transplantation procedure can be a surgical treatmen for children with aortic valvule disease.

Key words:
Pulmonary transplantation;  Aortic valve disease;  Children


To support the training of neurosurgeons, innovative simulators associated with professional medical courses are needed. Virtual reality and 3D models have been making their way into surgical training facilities and medical schools for several years. However, both simulators cannot provide a hands-on and tactile experience of what it is like to see and feel in a real surgical procedure. Professor Pin-Chuan Chen of the Mechanical Engineering Department at the National Taiwan University of Science and neurosurgeon Dr Wei-Hsiu Liu of the National Defense Medical Center, are collaborating to design and create a new generation of lifelike medical simulators for neurosurgery training.


The utility model discloses a whirl spraying type unimpeded type pipeline mixer. The whirl spraying type unimpeded type pipeline mixer comprises a pipe body and a chemical dosing pipe, wherein the chemical dosing pipe is arranged at the periphery of the front end part of the pipe body; spraying holes communicated with the side wall of the chemical dosing pipe are formed in the side wall of the pipe body; the spraying holes are of a whirl type and are distributed in a spiral shape or a circular shape along the circumferential direction of the pipe body. The whirl spraying type unimpeded type pipeline mixer is simple in overall structure and easy to process, no resistance is produced to a water flow in an administrating process, overall operating cost is low, and the energy consumption is low; the internal space of a pipeline is large, and thus flow can not be restricted, whirl can be extremely easily formed in the pipeline owning to the guide effect of a spraying and spinning force, high-efficiency mixing of liquid and fluid is promoted, and the pipe flow velocity is increased.


A Four months old American Hampshire boar weighing about 35kg from a back-yard piggery in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State was presented with the chief complains of restlessness, shivering and pasty perineum. There was no medical history. Physical examination revealed, pale ocular mucus membrane, restlessness, shivering and pasty perineum. The vital parameters were above normal ranges. Faecal sample from the rectum was taken to the helminthology laboratory of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, for helminth egg detection and identification. Based on the tentative diagnosis of Ascariasis and enteritis, 35mg of a 17% piperazine adipate solution and 700mg of a 20% oxytetracyline long acting were administered orally and deep intramuscularly, respectively as single doses. The boar died 2 hours after therapy. Post-mortem examination revealed; distended ingesta-filled stomach, ulceration of the stomach mucosal wall with tarry (blackish) haemorrhages, Ascaris suum in the stomach and small intestine, intussusception of the small intestine and empty distal portion of the intussuscepted small intest ne. The helminthology laboratory result indicated eggs of Ascaris suum. Based on the helminthology laboratory result and the post mortem examination findings, it was concluded that the b ar died of gastric ulcer and small intestine intussusception due to Ascariasis. Routine deworming and deworming record keeping in order to know when the next deworming is due were advocated to the farmer.


Summary Objectives: To introduce and summarize current research in the field of Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics. Methods: PubMed searches of 2019 literature concerning public health and epidemiology informatics were conducted and the returned references were reviewed by the two section editors to select 14 candidate best papers. These papers were then peer-reviewed by external reviewers to allow the Editorial Committee a curated selection of the best papers. Results: Among the 835 references retrieved from PubMed, two were finally selected as best papers. The first best paper leverages satellite images and deep learning to identify remote rural communities in low-income countries; the second paper describes the development of a worldwide human disease surveillance system based on near real-time news data from the GDELT project. Internet data and electronic health records are still widely used to detect and monitor disease activity. Identifying and targeting specific audiences for public health interventions is a growing subject of interest. Conclusions: The ever-increasing amount of data available offers endless opportunities to develop methods and tools that could assist public health surveillance and intervention belonging to the growing field of public health Data Science. The transition from proofs of concept to real world applications and adoption by health authorities remains a difficult leap to make.


The invention discloses a method for setting a multi-mode menu. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, entering a setting interface; 2, judging whether a user changes the mode; 3, jumping to a step 5 if the mode is not changed, otherwise, reading contents stored in a storage address X corresponding to a latest mode X; 4, applying the contents stored in the latest mode X to the corresponding setting items; 5, judging whether the user changes the setting items in the mode; 6, executing a step 7 if the setting items are not changed, otherwise, storing the latest set contents to a storage area of the current mode X; and 7, completing setting and storing the program. By the method, multiple sets of set menu contents can be set, stored and randomly switched among the setting modes to achieve the effect of changing different settings and achieve good playing effect.


In this paper the authors discuss a free hand access system on computer by means of which it is possible to use different types of software applications using, simply, a vocal interface supported by a particular software. The design and implementation of this system are part of the Italian Project on Telemedicine which is addressed to support the disabled people in computer using activities. The system uses also Telematic services for teleconferences and carries out a set of operations for disabled people.


Stage II includes: pT 4, pN0, cM0, Any H. pT 4: Evidence of extraocular tumor: tumor at the transected end of the optic nerve, tumor in the meningeal spaces around the optic nerve, full-thickness invasion of the sclera with invasion of the episclera, adjacent adipose tissue, extraocular muscle, bone, conjunctiva, or eyelids. pN0: No lymph node involvement. cM0: No signs or symptoms of intracranial or distant metastasis. HX: Unknown or insufficient evidence of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. H0: Normal RB1 alleles in blood tested with demonstrated high-sensitivity assays. H1: Bilateral retinoblastoma, retinoblastoma with an intracranial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (i.e., trilateral retinoblastoma), patient with family history of retinoblastoma, or molecular definition of a constitutional RB1 gene mutation. (AJCC 8th ed.) Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


Aim:To explore the effect of rosiglitazone, a ligand of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ (PPARγ) , on improving insulin sensitivity and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) gene mRNA expression in high fat rat model of insulin resistance.Methods:The rats were allocated into three groups,eight rats in each group. One group was given standard food and the other 2 groups were given high fat diet for making insulin resistance model. One of the groups given high fat diet were treated once by gavage with rosiglitazone(8 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) for 14 days after four week high fat diet. The change of insulin sensitivity was valued by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp. The change of UCPs mRNA in liver and muscle was measured using RT PCR. Results:Compared with high fat group, the level of FFA in rosiglitazone group was lower( P 0.05), and the glucose infusion rate was higher ( P 0.01).UCP 3 mRNA in rosiglitazone group increased by 46.2 % in muscle and UCP 2 mRNA increased by 34.9% in liver and body weight for rats in rosiglitazone group was increased. Conclusion:Rosiglitazone can reduce the level of serum FFA, improve insulin sensitivity,but increase the body weight. The effect of the improved sensitivity may involve in the overexpression of UCPs gene.


OBJECTIVE
To determine how physically active individuals are following total knee replacement (TKR) and how accurately they self-report their step count adherence compared to objective measure following TKR.

METHODS
Observational cohort study, nested within the PATHway randomised-clinical trial. Participants (n = 102) who had recently undergone TKR were recruited for the main trial. Only participant data from the intervention group were used for this study (n = 51). Participants in the intervention group received an activity tracker to monitor their physical activity and fortnightly health-coaching sessions for 3 months. Adherence was objectively measured as percentage of steps completed divided by the amount prescribed by the health coach. Participants were asked to self-report their adherence on a 1-10 numerical rating scale during health coaching sessions.

RESULTS
Data from 44 participants were available, resulting in a total of 224 paired measurements. Participant step count increased over the first 8 weeks of follow-up, and plateaued from 8 weeks onwards at approximately 7500 steps/day. About two-thirds (65.8%) of participants accurately self-reported their step count adherence up until 12 weeks, the remaining one-third (34.2%) underestimated their adherence. Paired t-tests demonstrated statistically significant differences between the paired measurements from weeks 2 to 10.

DISCUSSION
Participants were generally active and completed the step goal most occasions. Two-thirds accurately self-reported their step goal adherence. Self-reported measures should be combined with an objective measure of adherence for greater accuracy. A further understanding of how people engage with activity trackers can be used to promote behaviour change in physiotherapy-led interventions.


Flowering in the genus Spirodela, whether in the laboratory or in nature, has been observed only rarely. In this communication, the growth and flowering behaviour of a local isolate of S. polyrrhiza, strain SP 20 , is being reported. The presence of a chelate, such as EDTA, is obligatory for satisfactory vegetative growth of S. polyrrhiza SP 20 - An optimal flowering response is obtained, however, only when compounds such as EDDHA, a phenolic analog of EDTA, or benzoic acid are supplied. Flowering, so induced, is not influenced by the length of the photoperiod. Flowering fronds become gibbous and both EDDHA and benzoic acid also enhanced anthocyanin content. This investigation has also revealed that salicylic acid, which is known to have chelating properties itself, induces flowering in this duckweed only in the simultaneous presence of EDTA, in the nutrient solution.


In this paper, we propose a novel fingerprint classification method to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the fingerprint identification system, one of biometrics systems. According to the previous researches, fingerprints can be categorized into the several patterns based on their pattern of ridges and valleys. After construction of fingerprint database based on their patters, fingerprint classification approach can help to accelerate the fingerprint recognition. The reason is that classification methods reduce the size of the search space to the fingerprints of the same category before matching. First, we suggest a method to extract region of interest (ROI) which have real information about fingerprint from the image. And then we propose a feature extraction method which combines gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and wavelet features. Finally, we compare the performance of our proposed method with the existing method which use only GLCM as the feature of fingerprint by using the multi-layer perceptron and support vector machine.


This paper analyzes the problems of the current survey system and presents suggestions for improvement. And then, for facilitate the realization of questionnaires and the results of the preservation, It discusses the solutions of the questionnaire composition ,The controls of qustion answer and The codings of questionnaire results,Supports the implementation of the questionnaire storage, Dynamically generated questionnaire interface, real- time save the results. Finally, According to the technical of questionnaire designer,It describes the form of a questionnaire, the objects attributes of questionnaire and the methos of the objects by the dynamic interface generation technologies and the coding techniques, designs the data structure of questionnaire designer and the process,finishs the design of the self- adaptive questionnaire designer.


A phase solubility technique has been used to detect and establish the nature of several hydrated solid species formed by sulfated magnesium aluminate. The most stable form at lower magnesium level appears to correspond to a hydrate of 4MgO : Al 2 O 3 :SO 3 . Equilibrium behavior of this substance is such as to obey the solubility product principle with regards to both magnesium and sulfate. Under other conditions species corresponding to MgO:Al 2 0 3 , 3MgO : Al 2 O 3 : SO 3 , and 8MgO:Al 2 O 3 : SO3 seem to be produced. The results demonstrate the great value of the phase solubility technique in studying complex inorganic systems.


We consider some algebraic models used in circuit complexity theory and in the study of the complexity of the propositional calculus. This direction of research have been getting attention recently with the hope that the connection to well-developed fields of mathematics like algebra can be helpful in proving lower bounds. Span programs as a model of computation were introduced in [12]. A span program is a device for defining boolean functions, where the function is defined to be 1 iff a fixed vector can be expressed as a linear combination of vectors chosen by the input. Span programs polynomially simulate branching programs (for finite fields they are equivalent to counting branching programs), thus an exponential lower bound on the size of span programs computing a concrete boolean function would solve a major open problem. An important subclass of span programs are monotone span programs; they simulate both monotone formulas and monotone contact switching networks. Recently a superpolynomial lower bound was proved for this model [1] (based on a combinatorial condition of [3]). One direction of study of propositional proof systems is to prove lower bounds on the length of proofs in certain restricted proof systems. Exponential lower bounds were obtained for such systems as resolution [11], bounded depth Frege systems [14, 16], cutting planes [5, 17], and Nullstellensatz refutations [2, 7]. In this paper we are interested in systems that use uses polynomials instead of boolean formulas. From the previous list this includes the Nullstellensatz refutations. Recently a stronger system using polynomials was proposed, the polynomial calculus, also called the Groebner calculus [8]; for this system no lower bounds are known except for the case of the field of characteristic 0.


This book covers the entire range of road topics from a technical viewpoint. It includes numerous references to more detailed sources of information. The book includes chapters, definitions, history, organisations, road needs, road location, residential streets, pavement materials, moisture in pavements, bituminous pavements, drainage, pavement performance, bridges, driver behaviour, traffic flow and capacity, speed, road geometry, intersections, traffic signs, pavement markings, traffic signals, lighting, construction, maintenance, vehicles, safety, road user costs and charges, road transport, environmental factors, economics of road transport, transport planning and information sources. The book provides sufficient detail of referencing to allow a reader to pursue any topic to the depth he needs. Extensive coverage is also given of road accidents, road alignment, asphalt and asphaltic concrete, benefit cost analysis, bitumen, bus operations, various aspects of cars including car ownership, an extensive discussion of clay properties and of road making aggregate, colour in traffic engineering, traffic congestion, vehicle cornering on curves, pavement cracking and condition, road curves and curvature, cyclists, pavement deflection, the density of pavement materials, traffic volumes, drains, material elastic modulus, equivalent standard axles, noise, failure modes, evaluation methods, floods, car following, fuel consumption, headlight glare, road grade, vehicle headway, hydrocarbons, effect of income on car use, and junction design. The second edition of the Handbook contains an additional 60 pages of text over the first edition. Furthermore, over half the pages of the book have new material added. The substantial changes are a consequence of the up-dated chapters that have been published as regular inserts in the Highway Engineering in Australia journal.


Although most productivity studies to date assume away scale economies, those studies which both incorporate scale economies and provide a relevant breakdown find that scale economies dominate technological change as a primary determinant of productivity growth. This paper measures the determinants of productivity growth in the U.S. Natural Gas Transmission industry. The technology was estimated using a translog approximation. Results of the econometric model were then utilized to measure the determinants of productivity growth in this industry. It was found that technological change explained certainly as much and often more of productivity growth as did scale economies.


Mental health professionals regularly make judgements about the plausibility of others' belief claims and have the socially sanctioned power to label a belief as delusional. However, little is known about how these judgements are made and the little research that exists suggests that they may be susceptible to a range of influences. There is also relatively little research exploring how the general public judge the plausibility of belief claims despite their judgements influencing who accesses professional help. As those who train as mental health professionals come from the general public, as a first step to better understanding professionals' judgements about belief plausibility, it seemed reasonable that this study explored influences on the general populations' judgements. In contrast to traditional quantitative approaches which require a priori assumptions about the investigated constructs, a Q-methodology approach was adopted as it is designed to explore numerous available accounts on a particular topic. Conspiratorial beliefs were also chosen as it is likely that a general population sample will have encountered them and they also share certain features of the rarer unusual beliefs encountered in mental health services. The author conducted two Q-sorts; the first was designed to better understand how participants conceptualised conspiracy beliefs, whilst the second involved an exploration of the factors that might influence plausibility judgements. An online Q-methodology programme was used and 57 participants were recruited via opportunity sampling. The data was analysed using PQMethod (Schmolck, 2002). Analysis of Q-sort 1 extracted five different factors, or viewpoints, for conceptualising conspiracy beliefs whilst Q-sort 2 extracted four accounts describing which aspects of a belief or believer made it less credible. The areas of commonality and difference between these factors was discussed with reference to the relevant literature for both conspiracy and delusional beliefs. The study was also critically reviewed and wider implications discussed.


In practice problems of creation of an optimum subgraph of a certain look in a given graph count often meet. As possible annexes problems of search of optimum structure of technological networks, design of architecture of computers, modeling of artificial intelligence and many others are used. More and more relevant are multicriteria options of the specified tasks. An essential limiting factor of improvement of methods of multicriteria optimization on graphs is the problem of their exponential computing complexity caused by big dimension of a task. A number of data demonstrates that the theoretical assessment of complexity constructed for methods of full search isn't true, and the drawn conclusions have no sufficient justification. Among effective decisions the so-called complete set of alternatives which power can be lower on orders, than the power of the Pareto set is of the greatest interest. Taking into account the listed facts in this work the result of researches consisting in creation of assessment from above for the power of a complete set of alternatives of a problem of stay is stated pareto-optimal subgraphs for a given graph.


This project explores connections between hero and history, text and context. By engaging Postcolonial theories about the roles that invasion and oppression, play in developing national identity and how colonized people respond to such encounters in literature, I examine how experiences of invasion and hostile interaction as represented in medieval and early modern English literature influenced the creation of specific heroic values. In my first chapter, I analyze The Battle of Maldon and Beowulf as exemplars of the Anglo-Saxon culture, observing that Byrhtnoth and Beowulf work as fictional embodiments of a fantasy of power: men of super-human strength and exceptional resoluteness who, through remarkable sacrifices, inspire men to accomplish phenomenal deeds of their own. Next, I explore Arthur in The Alliterative Morte Arthure and Le Morte Darthur, who embraces his hybridity, fluidly moving between the Anglo-Saxon warrior tradition and the French romance tradition. Last, I consider Shakespeare's Henry V, which depicts a conquering hero who possesses the prowess and nobility of his heroic predecessors and the ability to succeed where they failed, securing England's continental dominance. In each era, I contend that the authors created heroes on whom they could project a fantasized identity which defied the realities of their time, heroes who changed based upon the type of threat faced by England. This study samples five hundred years of literature and uses this breadth to explore crossperiodic continuity, finding that the heroes of these texts respond not only to their historical context, but also to each other. This scope allows one to see how the emblem of the hero responds to the reality of the authors and audiences of these texts.


Recognition of popular songs from one's past shows a phenomenon that is known as a "reminiscence bump" from autobiographical memory research, namely, the increased recognition performance of songs from one's youth and early adulthood. As a first goal of the present study, a non-linear functional relation between popular song recognition performance and song-specific age of an individual was examined. As a second goal, individual differences in recognition performance curves were taken into account by including random effects. The third goal was to explain individual differences by including predictor variables. The sample comprised 90 participants aged 70 to 75 years. Participants listened to excerpts of 51 songs of the German charts from the years 1945 to 1995. Results show that the average bump performance was 75%, that the bump was located at about 17 years of age, and that the inflection point was located at 31 years. Individual differences could be explained by the number of correctly recognized songs, musical taste during one's youth, and the frequency and preference of listing to bump songs. To conclude, an individual differences approach based on a non-linear function relation has been found to be a promising way to understand why popular songs from one's youth are remembered better.


Color sorting is often used to remove unwanted off-colored contaminants. The objectives of this study were to determine the usefulness of color sorting in removing adventitious corn from a seed lot and to evaluate the impact of contaminant color on efficacy. Seed lots of two contrasting colors were used in the experiments: yellow corn in a white lot and purple corn in a yellow lot. Samples were collected from three experimental sites: two white corn seed production fields surrounding a yellow pollen source, and a yellow corn seed production field surrounding a purple popcorn pollen source. Collected samples were color sorted in three successive passes. Outcross levels in the original nonsorted samples ranged from 0.10 to 38.55% in the yellow and white samples and from 0.61 to 45.78% in the purple and yellow samples. Color sorting reduced the percentage of outcross of yellow and purple kernels in the sample. The percentage of yellow seeds in white-seeded corn was reduced to 6.22% in samples collected at 3 ft and 0.01% at 820 ft from the source. The percentage of blue seeds in yellow-seeded corn samples was reduced to 0.58 at 0 ft and 0% at 270 ft from the source. These results indicate that color sorting is very effective at removing outcross seeds.


To probe the ore-controlling factors and origin of Jinshan Gold Deposit,on the basis of studying the geological background of minerallization,by adopting the comprehensive geological and geochemical method,this paper analyzes the strata,structure,magmatic rock,ore-body character,stable isotop,temperature,pressure and flouid of minerallization and trace elements in the mining area.It is found that the gold deposit is controlled strictly by faults which are the leading factor of minerallization,the magmatic rock restricts the minerllization,the fault with the range of 1~5 km of external contact zone is the best position for ore location.Moreover,the geological background and gold-bearing formation are closedly related to minerllization.The formation of mineral deoposit has undergone four stages,they are,sedimentary-diagenetic stage,metamorphic minerallizaion stage,magma-hydrothermal minerallizaion stage and exogenic minerallizaion stage.Jinshan Gold Deposit is controlled by multi-factors,poly-matter sources,multi-stages of minerallizaion,and it is a percolated and filtrated gold deposit by underground hot(thick gravy) water.


The earliest Upper Palaeolithic industries of the Levant, which figure prominently in discussions of the spread of anatomically modern humans and the origins of the Upper Palaeolithic, are known from a small number of localities. Two sites in the Hatay region of Turkey have yielded initial Upper Palaeolithic assemblages similar to those found in the Levant. One of the sites, Üçaǧizlı' cave, has also provided radiometric dates and faunal remains, both relatively rare for sites of this period.


PURPOSE: An automatic placing system and a method for automatically controlling a spreader of a crane are provided to accurately position the spreader on the upside of a container by connecting a laser sensor, a vision camera, and an infrared proximity sensor to an angle regulating unit connected with a main controller and to prevent the breakage and rattling of the container caused in transferring the container by automatically regulating to accurately combine a side guide of the spreader to a corner unit of the container. CONSTITUTION: An automatic placing system for automatically controlling a spreader of a crane is composed of a laser sensor(20) mounted to a side guide of the spreader with a vision camera(10) to measure distance between the spreader and the container; an installation judging unit(30') mounted to a guide frame to process data of plural infrared proximity sensors(30); an image processing unit(10') mounted to the side guide of the spreader to process data of the vision camera; a location identifying unit(40) for identifying the location information of the spreader by measuring the length of a rope of a head block connecting the spreader; an angle regulating unit(50) for regulating the angle of the side guide by processing data supplied from the location identifying unit, the image processing unit, the installation judging unit, and the laser sensor and; a main controller(60) for processing the data supplied from the angle regulating unit and controlling the crane; a guide driving unit(70) for driving the side guide to a signal transmitted from the angle regulating unit; and an actuator driving unit(90) for regulating the angle of the vision camera by driving a cylinder of an actuator mounted with the vision camera to the signal transmitted from the angle regulating unit.


19 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) measured by the CellSearch system in metastatic breast cancer have been reported to correlate with the response to chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic characteristics of CTCs in patients with advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer.

METHODS
CTCs from 35 patients with advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer were measured by this system before initiation of a new line of therapy and more than 3 weeks after initiation of therapy. Correlation between CTC counts and clinicopathologic variables was examined.

RESULTS
Of the 35 patients, 14 patients (40%) had recurrent esophageal cancer and 21 patients (60%) had primary advanced esophageal cancer. Their mean age was 65 years (range, 43 to 89 ). Of the 14 patients with recurrent esophageal cancer, measurable lesions included metastasis to lymph nodes, kidney metastasis, liver metastasis, and lung metastasis. With regard to their therapeutic effect, 1 patient (3%) obtained a complete response, 14 (40%) had a partial response, 9 (26%) had stable disease, 11 (31%) had progressive disease. Of the 15 patients with complete response and partial response, the number of CTCs diminished in 8 patients (53%). Of the 20 patients with stable disease and progressive disease, the number of CTCs increased in 16 patients (80%). The change in CTCs tended to correlate with disease progression and chemotherapeutic effect (P=0.07). The survival of patients with >3 CTCs was shorter than that of patients with <3 CTCs both before initiation of a new line of therapy (P=0.026) and more than 3 weeks after initiation of therapy (P=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that measurement of CTCs in advanced or recurrent esophageal cancer patients could be useful as a tool for predicting patients' survival and monitoring response to cancer therapy.


This study aims to pre sent and analyse, from phytosociologic perspective, the phytocoenoses preferred by Vipera ursiniiindividuals, of the S��r��turile levee (Danube Delta). Our field investigations showed that most of vipers have been observed in the plant communities with rela tively tall grasses and high cover and in the ecotonal areas that are appropriate for thermoregulation. The analysis of the relevEs allowed the identification of three phytosociological associations: Juncetum maritimi(Rbel 1930) Pignatti 1953,Juncetum littoralisPopescu et Sanda 1976 (Cl.Juncetea maritimi Br.-Bl. 1931) and Agropyretum elongatiI.�^erb��nescu 1965 (Cl.Festuco-Puccinelietea SoU 1968).


The conditional returns series for mutual funds and the S&P 500 are analysed to test whether there is persistence in skewness. Three groups of statistical models of market volatility are estimated over the period September 1988 to April 1993 and the empirical evidence provides valuable insights into the skewness persistence.


he best known story about the Cynic philosopher Dioenes is of him carrying a lighted lantern in broad daylight hrough the streets of Athens searching for an honest man. he legend suggests a tortured trek where personal viewoints were valued more highly than scientifically proven ndings. In an analogous fashion, while acute myocardial nfarction is one of the more widely studied disease states, here remains a lack of clarity concerning the myriad of anagement strategies espoused over the years. The cliniian thus is beset with an array of decision points, compliated by both antecedent events and subsequent options that onstrain potential choices (Fig. 1). Collet et al. (2) adressed this complexity of intertwined options in this issue f the Journal, specifically focusing on cardiac catheterizaion subsequent to fibrinolysis.


Respiratory electron transport activity in the Dead Sea and saltern crystallizer ponds, hypersaline environments inhabited by dense communities of halophilic archaea and unicellular green algae of the genus Dunaliella, was assayed by measuring reduction of 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyl tetrazolium chloride (INT) to INT-formazan. Typical rates obtained were in the order of 5.5–17.7 nmol INT reduced h −1 per 106 cells at 35 ° C. In Dead Sea water samples, respiratory activity was stimulated more than two-fold by addition of glycerol, but not by any of the other carbon compounds tested, including sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, or by addition of inorganic nutrients. Stimulation by glycerol had a half-saturation constant of 0.75 μM. A similar respiratory activity was also found when Dead Sea water samples were diluted with distilled water and incubated in the light. As Dunaliella cells did not reduce INT, it is suggested that photosynthetically produced glycerol leaking from the algae is the preferred carbon and energy source for the development of halophilic archaea in hypersaline environments. In samples from saltern crystallizer pond stimulation of INT reduction by glycerol was much less pronounced, probably because the community was less severely carbon-limited.


Cholangiocarcinoma is a rare type of primary liver cancer.The author made a review on cholangiocarcinoma by referring to some recently published articles.This paper focused on the concept,risk factors,pathophisiology,clinical syptoms,imaging studies,differential diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.In order to increase cholangiocarcinoma early diagnosis rate and improve the prognosis.