Inspired by the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) "monograph modernization" initiative, we developed and validated an assay for foscarnet sodium injection solution ("foscavir"), following quality by design (QbD) principles, incorporating design of experiments (DoE) and multivariate data analysis to establish the design space and robust setpoint of the method. The resulting analytical procedure was based on ion chromatography (IC) with suppressed conductivity detection, employing an isocratic carbonate–bicarbonate eluent system. The assay was successfully validated at the robust setpoint conditions, according to the guidelines established by the International Council for Harmonization (ICH). The linear range stretched at least from 5 to 100 mg/L with high repeatability (relative standard deviation, RSD ≤ 0.3%) both at the target concentration (60 mg/L) and at 50% and 150% from this level. Special attention was given to establish a rugged assay that would be easily transferable between laboratories, and the recorded recoveries of 98.2–100.5% for both the formulated drug product and the drug substance during intermediate precision evaluation at different analysis situations indicated that this mission was accomplished. A multivariate assessment of intermediate precision data acquired using an experimental design scheme revealed that the assay was not adversely affected by any of the situation variables, including the use of different liquid chromatography instrument types, regardless of if they were constructed from inert materials or stainless steel that had been passivated, even though such problems have been reported in several previous methods for analysis of foscarnet.


To investigate the number of vertebrae from Cypriniformes including Cyprinidae,Cobitidae and Balitoridae in China and its correlation with phylogenetic constraint and ecological adaptation,the number of vertebrae,ribs and caudal vertebrae were compared by X-ray photographic method. A total of 157 currently recognized species were analyzed. The results showed that the number of vertebrae 30 to 52,with average of 39. 5 ± 4. 4,ribs 8 to 28,with average of 15. 3 ± 3. 1,caudal vertebrae 14 to 34,with average of 21. 1 ± 2. 9. Based on the cluster results of vertebrae,ribs and caudal vertebrae in number,the 12 subfamilies of the Cyprinidae were divided into two types. The type Ⅰ included the Leuciscinae,Cultrinae,Xenocyprininae,and Schizothoracinae. The type Ⅱ included the Danioninae,Hypophthalmichthyinae,Gobioninae,Gobiobotinae, Acheilognathinae,Barbinae,Labeoninae,and Cyprininae. One-way ANOVA analysis of 89 species from the Cyprinidae showed that the ratio of ribs to vertebrae in carnivorous fish was significantly lower than that in phytophagous fish( P 0. 05),although more vertebrae and caudal vertebrae were seen in carnivorous fish( P 0. 05). The pelagic fish had less vertebrae and caudal vertebrae than demersal fish( P 0. 05). Relative to large-sized fishes,small-sized fishes had less vertebraes and ribs; the ratio of ribs to vertebrae number was significantly lower( P 0. 05). These findings suggested that the vertebrae number of the Cyprinidae closely correlated with ecological habits and body size.


On the basis of an anisotropic two-dimensional band modeling the Bechgaard salts, we study into the effect of the title in terms of Umklapp process matrix elements of the SDW periodic potential, which are calculated by using one-electron eigen wave functions obtained in the normal state in the magnetic field H with due regard to the dimerization along the conducting axis. The Umklapp matrix elements produce small gaps of order 0.03 meV in addition to the bigger Landau band gaps in the energy spectrum. These gaps pulsate reaching zero with a period close to the observed small period in 1/H. The phenomenon of the title is ascribed to the Zener tunneling of thermal current carriers through these pulsating small gaps.


Recently, two-dimensional resistivity inversion techniques have been widely used for mineral resource exploration, ground water exploration, and civil engineering purposes (for example Shima, 1990). On the other hand, induced polarization (IP) method has been used mainly for the metal resource exploration. Chargeability obtained by the IP method corresponds to the polarization or charging phenomenon of underground which usually caused by metal ores or clay minerals. The IP method is considered effective to explore clayish fracture zone for the civil engineering purposes. Joint inversion of resistivity and chargeability data is also expected to have better accuracy than conventional roversion of only resistivity (Iseki and Shima; 1992).


Further Discussion of the Specific Polymerization Behavior of Triallyl Isocyanurate. Enhanced Occurrence of Intermolecular Crosslinking at an Early Stage of Polymerization


ABSTRACT The aim of the article is to present the method of probabilistic energy security assessment and evaluate energy security of the development scenarios of the central heat system for strategic planning. The method of energy security assessment is introduced, including a model of formation of disturbances from threats and a model of development of a disrupted energy system as well as the algorithm of calculation of the energy security coefficient. The article also presents a few scenarios (on various disturbances) for the development of the Kaunas city district heating system: one generation technology in a monopoly scenario, and limited monopoly where the capacity is limited to 60% and 40% for one generation technology. Sensitivity analysis identified the most important parameter of the energy system: energy generation monopoly factor.


For almost two decades now, significant and systematic support has been given to research activities in the domain of ehealth through the framework Programmes of the European Commission. This investment has helped the deployment of ehealth infrastructure, tools and services like regional health networks, electronic prescriptions and electronic health records in primary care. Research activities in ehealth in Europe continue under the latest 7 th Research framework programme (FP7), with increased budgetary support. Their aim is to help healthcare delivery systems cope with the pressure and challenges which arise from several factors such as the demographic change and the prevalence of chronic diseases. Two main directions of research refer to the domains of ldquopersonal health systemsrdquo and ldquovirtual physiological humanrdquo. The speech will outline the activities in these domains and how these contribute to the vision of ldquoperson-centricrdquo care, meaning: 1. empowerment of individuals to manage their health conditions and lifestyles 2. development of personalised solutions for efficient treatment or management of chronic diseases, early diagnosis and prevention, as well as prediction of onset of diseases.


Introduction During ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography), endoscopists make an initial assessment of the major duodenal papilla (MDP) to determine the optimal approach for common bile duct (CBD) cannulation and a safe limit for sphincterotomy. Cannulation requires initial engagement followed by an angular adjustment, the step angle, to attain deep cannulation. This angle plays an important role in determining the ease of CBD cannulation. A sphincterotomy should be long enough to effectively open the ampullary orifice to allow passage of instruments and extraction of duct calculi whilst avoiding the complication of retroperitoneal perforation. This study correlates MDP morphology with the step angle and intramural CBD length to assist endoscopists in predicting ease of cannulation and safe extent of sphincterotomy. Methods Analysis of 100 videos of successful CBD cannulation yielded a novel classification based on increasing prominence of the MDP. Four types were defined: I, flat (flush with duodenal wall); II, prominent (elevated on duodenal wall); III, infundibular (has an infundibulum); and IV, dependent (mobile with inferior facing orifice). After the MDPs in 40 cadaveric specimens had been classified as above, the step angles were measured using wire cannulation and intramural CBD lengths were measured following dissection. Correlations between these parameters were assessed using paired t-tests and one-way analysis of variance. Results An increasing mean step angle from MDPs of Types I to IV was identified. A significant angular adjustment was required in Types II, III and IV (P<0.05) but not in Type I. The mean intramural CBD length was also found to increase with MDP Type: I (5.53±3.08 mm), II (7.51±2.64 mm), III (9.79±1.58 mm) and IV (11.19±2.56 mm). These results corroborate the progressive nature of the proposed classification system. Of note, non-consecutive MDP types were found to have significantly different intramural CBD lengths. Conclusions The above results demonstrate that MDP morphology may be of value in predicting a safe extent of sphincterotomy and could also allow endoscopists to predict whether an angular adjustment would be required during CBD cannulation. Our findings also indicate the need for further studies to explore the relationship between MDP morphology and specific challenges during ERCP.


Contents and utilization of iron in cereals staple food and effects of these food on iron nutrition was studied in the paper.More than 110 samples made of wheat,rice and other cereals were collected.In vitro models,which mimic the digest system of human body,were applied for prediction of iron availability of samples.It is showed that in the group of samples originated from wheat,bread and steamed bread have the highest level of iron contents,which were 47.4 mg/kg and 39.4 mg/kg respectively.In vitro availability of cake was the highest as 37.4%.In the group of rice products,brown rice and rice ball have the highest iron contents,which were 36.9 mg/kg and 36.8 mg/kg respectively,white rice has the highest iron in vitro availability at 83%.In general,iron intake from cereal staple food is much lower than iron adequte intake.


The article presents measurement results of prototype integrat ed circuits for acquisition and processing of images in real time. In order to verify a new concept of circuit solu tions of analogue image processors, experimental integrated circuits were fabricated. The integrated circuits, designed in a standard 0.35 µm CMOS technology, contain the image sensor and analogue processors that perform low-level convolution-based image processing algorithms. The prototype with a resolution of 32 × 32 pixels allows the acquisition and processing of images at hi gh speed, up to 2000 frames/s. Operation of the prototypes was verified in practice using the developed software and a measurement system based on a FPGA platform.


Abstract An exploration program to locate high grade limestone was carried out in 1994-95 for the Tri-State Generation & Transmission power plant located at Nucla, Colorado. This plant requires limestone with over 95 percent calcium carbonate to remove sulfur dioxide from flue gas in an advanced application of clean coal technology. A five phase plan of operation was initiated, consisting of Limestone Evaluation, Preliminary Exploration and Testing, Acquisition, Drilling, Permitting and Plant Construction. Limestone sources were identified in eight different formations from Cretaceous to Devonian Age. Limestone deposits of the Pennsylvanian, Hermosa Formation, found on the flanks of four anticlinal features were determined to be the best prospect. Following geologic investigation, testing, and economic evaluation, it was concluded that the Lisbon Valley Anticline, south of La Sal, Utah, had the best prospects on the basis of quality, reserves, and cost of mining. Eight lode claims were staked and bids reopened by the power plant for their limestone requirements. Cotter Corporation was low bidder from a property adjacent to the claim block. In the fall of 1994, they began production and are now delivering a high quality product to the Nucla station. A back-up source was also identified and staked in the Little Gypsum Valley Anticline near the Utah-Colorado border.


OBJECTIVE
To compare the gene expression map of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissue with that of the control tissue by cDNA array and to discuss possible reasons of TP53 accumulation in NPC tissue.

METHODS
After the hybridization of Atlas human cancer cDNA expression array 7742-1, analysis of Atlas arrays by means of AtlasImage 1.01a was carried out. Then, the results of array were verified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Gene expression alteration on the protein level was verified by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS
134 of 588 tumor-related genes were upregulated and 88 downregulated. Thirteen of 32 p53-regulated genes showed differential expression with 11 upregulated and 2 downregulated.

CONCLUSION
(1) p53 dysfunction exists in NPC tissues, (2) MDM2, p21 and Bax may be involved in the regulation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell growth.


From setting up experimental teaching guarantee system with three layers,the policy and measure of laboratory opening etc.,this paper describes how to construct opening environment of the laboratory,guide students to do their experiment initiatively,and introduces the achieved effect of laboratory opening.


website at http://beefcattle.ans.oregonstate.edu. 2. Research Assistant, OSU – Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 Email: email@example.com 3. Assistant Professor, OSU – Department of Rangeland Ecology and Management, Corvallis, OR 97331 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 4. Associate Professor, OSU – EOARC Union, OR 97883, Email: email@example.com 5. Associate Professor, OSU – EOARC Burns, OR 97720 Email: email@example.com 6. Affiliate Faculty, OSU Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331. 7. Rangeland Scientist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Burns, OR 97720. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 8. Research Associate, OSU Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Corvallis, OR 97331 Email: email@example.com Oregon Beef Council Report Oregon State University


Automatic prediction tools play a key role in enabling the application of non-functional requirements analysis to selection and assembly of components for Component-Based Systems, reducing the need for strong mathematical skills to software designers. Exploiting the paradigm of Model Driven Engineering (MDE), it is possible to automate transformations from design models to analytical models, enabling for formal property verification. MDE is the core paradigm of KlaperSuite presented in this paper, which exploits the KLAPER pivot language to fill the gap between Design and Analysis of Component-Based Systems for reliability and performance properties. KlaperSuite is a family of tools empowering designers with the ability to capture and analyze QoS views of their systems by building a one-click bridge towards a number of established verification instruments.


Hunting is often considered to be incompatible with conservation of native biota and watershed functions in Hawai'i. Management actions for conservation generally exclude large non-native mammals from natural areas, thereby reducing the amount of land area available for hunting activities and the maintenance of sustainable game populations. An approach which may be useful in addressing the necessary minimum amount of land area allocated for hunting in Hawai'i is to determine the amount of land area necessary for sustaining populations of hunted animals to meet current levels harvested by the public. We ask: What is the total amount of land necessary to provide sustained-yield hunting of game meat for food at the current harvest level on Hawai'i Island if only feral pigs (Sus scrofa) were to be harvested? We used a simplistic analysis to estimate that 1 317.6 km2–1 651.4 km2 would be necessary to produce 187 333.6 kg of feral pig meat annually based on the range of dressed weight per whole pig, the proportion of a pig population that can be sustainably removed annually, and the density of pig populations in the wild. This amount of area comprises 12.6–15.8% of the total land area of Hawai'i Island, but more likely represents 27.6–43.5% of areas that may be compatible with sustained-yield hunting.


We present a graphical method for evaluating the quality of a feature extraction mapping. Based on the Bilipschitz criterion, this Bilipschitz Criterion Plot (BCP) can be used to evaluate dimension reducing mappings for relative quality and to estimate the injectivity of the reduction map (as well as the associated reconstruction map). It can also be used to survey regions where the map is locally an expansion or contraction map. The plot is easy and fast to construct, and gives much more insight than any single value can, such as the distance preservation error. We demonstrate the value of such a mapping when examining the quality of the Sammon map, Neuroscale, the autoassociative map, and a recent technique that is designed to optimize the BCP in a linear fashion, the adaptive secant basis algorithm.


A 68‐year‐old woman had been diagnosed with diffuse antral vascular ectasia (DAVE) about 2 years previously. Despite endoscopic treatments with heater probe, she had manifested repeated anemia, which required blood transfusion. We thus applied hormone therapy to the patient. During the subsequent 3 months, she did not manifest anemia. In addition, her DAVE had dramatically improved under endoscopy. Our case suggests that hormone therapy is one of the strategies for intractable DAVE.


Lumbar hernias are rare and occur through a defect of the fibromuscular fascia of the posterior abdominal wall. The authors report a case of superior lumbar triangle hernia (Grynfelt's hernia), associated to a local infectious process and collection formation simulating a neoplastic lesion.


The results of monitoring for the wind regime at heights of mesosphere – lower thermosphere by meteor radar of Kazan Federal University (56N, 49E) are presented. Typical height and seasonal regularities are established for zonal and meridional winds as well as tidal amplitudes.


Simple Summary Anti-angiogenic therapy, a promising strategy against cancer progression, is limited by drug resistance. Natural plants, such as secondary metabolites of lichens, may represent an appropriate strategy to increase the effectiveness of conventional therapies and overcome resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy if combined with existing chemotherapy. Accordingly, our study was designed to determine the potential anti-angiogenic effect of usnic acid, a secondary metabolite of lichens, on VEGF- and bFGF-stimulated HUVECs as well as in quail chorioallantoic membrane assays, which were supplemented by histological sections of CAM-affected layers. Abstract Natural products include a diverse set of compounds of drug discovery that are currently being actively used to target tumor angiogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-angiogenic activities of secondary metabolite usnic acid isolated from Usena antarctica. We investigated the in vitro effects on proliferation, migration, and tube formation of VEGF- and bFGF-stimulated HUVECs. Ex ovo anti-angiogenic activity was evaluated using the CAM assay. Our findings demonstrated that usnic acid in the concentration of 33.57 µM inhibited VEGF (25 ng/mL) and bFGF (30 ng/mL)-induced HUVECs proliferation, migration, and tube formation. The ex ovo CAM model was used to confirm the results obtained from in vitro studies. VEGF- and bFGF-induced vessel formation was inhibited by usnic acid after 72 h in over 2-fold higher concentrations compared to in vitro. Subsequently, histological sections of affected chorioallantoic membranes were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and alcian blue to determine the number and diameter of vessels as well as the thickness of the individual CAM layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm). Usnic acid was able to suppress the formation of VEGF- and bFGF-induced vessels with a diameter of less than 100 μm, which was demonstrated by the reduction of mesoderm thickness as well.


Abstract Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods make possible the use of flexible Bayesian models that would otherwise be computationally infeasible. In recent years, a great variety of such applications have been described in the literature. Applied statisticians who are new to these methods may have several questions and concerns, however: How much effort and expertise are needed to design and use a Markov chain sampler? How much confidence can one have in the answers that MCMC produces? How does the use of MCMC affect the rest of the model-building process? At the Joint Statistical Meetings in August, 1996, a panel of experienced MCMC users discussed these and other issues, as well as various "tricks of the trade" This article is an edited recreation of that discussion. Its purpose is to offer advice and guidance to novice users of MCMC—and to not-so-novice users as well. Topics include building confidence in simulation results, methods for speeding and assessing convergence, estimating standard error...


This paper introduces the concept and definition of the marketing channel,expounds the necessity of constructing overseas marketing channels of steel industry,and borrowing ideas from some international well-known steel mills in the construction of marketing channel,puts forward some effective methods for China's steel industry to construct overseas marketing channels.


I must begin with a confession which, but for the current high price of eggs and tomatoes, would probably have involved me in a bombardment of those agreeable, if messy, missiles. I approach this topic very much from the standpoint of one who served for two substantial terms at the Treasury.


Increase land use change is one of the consequences of rapid population growth of cities in developing countries with its negative consequences on the environment. This study generates previous and present land use of Ala watershed and project the future land use using Markov chain model and ArcGIS software (version 10.2.1). Landsat 7, Enhanced Thematic mapper plus (ETM+) image and Landsat 8 operational land imager (OLI) with path 190 and row 2 used to generate land use (LU) and land cover (LC) images for the years 2000, 2010 and 2019. Six LU/LC classes were considered as follows: developed area (DA), open soil (OS), grass surface (GS), light forest (LF), wetland (WL) and hard rock (HR). Markov chain analysis was used in predicting LU/LC types in the watershed for the years 2029 and 2039. The veracity of the model was tested with Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency index (NSE) and Percent Bias methods. The model results show that the study area is growing rapidly particularly in the recent time. This urban expansion results in significant decrease of WL coverage areas and the significant increase of DA. This implies reduction in the available land for dry season farming and incessant flood occurrence.
Keywords: Land cover, land use change, Markov chain, ArcGIS, watershed, urbanization


Objective To study the situation of the planed immunization in migrant children in Baoan district so as to provide evidence for the perfection of the planed immunization.Methods Part of migrant children and the children of permanent-resident aged 0-6 years in Baoan district,Shenzhen city were selected by stratified sampling method and simple random sampling method to investigate the status of the planed immunization.Results Totally 99.55% of the migrant children had immunization cards and 100% had immunization certificates,and 100% of the children of permanent-resident had immunization cards and immunization certificates.The inoculating rates of basic and strengthened immune vaccines in the migrant children were from 84.17% to 99.76%.The inoculating rates of Six Vaccines was 88.43% in the migrant children,lower than the 96.84% in the children of permanent-resident (x2=6.315,P=0.012).Conclusions The rate of setting up immunization cards and immunization certificates are high in migrant children.Although the inoculating rates of basic and strengthened immune vaccines in the migrant children are lower than those of the children of permanent-resident,the inoculating rates of single immune vaccines are up to 80%.

Key words:
Migrant children;  Planed immunization;  Investigation


From the Publisher:
Cold Fusion Web Database Construction Kit is an all-in-one kit that gives users everything they need to create their own Web database-quickly and easily
Bonus Books: electronic copies of Special Edition Using HTML, Second Edition, Special Edition Using Microsoft SQL Server, and Special Edition Using Java in HTML format
Provides complete coverage of data manipulation, replication, validation, and security
CD-ROM includes Cold Fusion 2.0 Developer Version, a key-locked version of Cold Fusion 2.0, evaluation copies of Cold Fusion Fuel Pack and Allaire Forums


The Java Doocs Data Display (jddd) is a Java-based tool for creating and running graphical user interfaces for accelerator control systems. It is the standard graphical user interface for operating the European XFEL accelerator. Since Java 8 Oracle introduced a number of major changes in the Java ecosystem's legal and technical contexts that significantly impact Java developers and users. The most impactful changes for our software were the removal of Java Web Start, Oracles new licensing model and shorter release cycles. To keep jddd up to date, the source code had to be refactored and new distribution concepts for the different operating systems had to be developed. In this paper the benefits and pitfalls of the jddd migration from Oracle Java8 to OpenJDK11+ will be described.


Background: This study aimed to compare the effect of cold eye irrigation solution (BSS) and viscoelastic gel with their combination in room temperature on the dosage of sedative drugs which we use in Phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Material and Methods: 190 patients scheduled for cataract surgery under sedation were randomly divided into two equal groups. During surgery, we used cold (4c) and warm (room temperature) BSS and viscoelastic gel in the first and second group respectively. For all patients, we started sedation with Midazolam and Fentanyl and in case that we needed additional drug, we used Sodium Thiopental till we reached desired sedation level. Ramsay sedation scores (before, during and after surgery) and total sedative drug consumption were evaluated and compared between two groups and at the end of the surgery, we checked and recorded the satisfaction score of patients and surgeon about the quality of sedation. Results: The average dosage of Midazolam wasn't significantly different between two groups, while the average dosage of Sodium Thiopental was significantly lower in cold group. Also, the average time on which we reached desired Ramsay sedation score and the level of Ramsay score were significantly different between two groups. Conclusion: Using cold BSS and viscoelastic gel in cataract surgery in comparison of their combination in room temperature will reduce the dosage of sedative drugs which we use during surgery and help us getting a more effective sedation and higher patient and surgeon satisfaction.


The quantitative analysis of Difenoconazole and Hexaconazole in 25% Difenoconazole · Hexaconazole WP was carried out by using HPLC method.The results showed that the variation coefficients of the content of Difenoconazole and Hexaconazole were 0.36% and 0.42%,the standard deviations were 0.056 and 0.043,the average recoveries were 100.1% and 99.9%,and the linear correlation coefficients were 0.9997 and 0.9998,respectively,It had high precision and accurancy,and it corresponded to the requirement of quantitative analysis.


In response to concerns about the impact of manmade noise on marine ecosystems, research and regulatory communities are currently collecting in situ measurements of oceanic noise levels. The objectives of in situ measurements are threefold. First, they provide necessary inputs, i.e. the acoustic signatures of individual ships to feed the models. Second, they are used to calibrate models for mapping of shipping noise. Third, they are processed to assess marine biodiversity through the sounds emitted by marine animals (cetaceans, fishes, invertebrates). The usefulness of the data collected depends on the duration of acquisition and measurement diversity (e.g., shipping density, water depth). Gliders are ideal candidates to collect noise level data across oceanic basins and over long time periods. Here we show results from a SeaExplorer glider equipped with a high quality acoustics payload travelling for 30 days (09/15/2017-10/15/2017) along a 1000km-long transect of the Western French Mediterranean Sea. The trajectory of the glider was chosen to sample the highest and lowest shipping densities. We here report on the statistical distribution of oceanic noise levels in the bandwidths assessed by the European Marine Framework Strategy Directive, the detection of cetaceans and ships sounds along this transect.


The growing strength of Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa and other powerful emerging economies raises thequestion whether the world is facing the emergence of a more multilateral era of governance. In other words, has a newmultilateralism been launched? With regard to Brazil, as one of the BRICS pillars, its strong economic performance sincethe turn of the century has been overshadowed by China's and India's. Yet Brazil has been an excellent place to investover the first decade of the 21st century. Questions remain, however: How does Brazil stack up against the other BRICSmembers? What is the key to unlock its growth potential? This article adds a voice to this debate. The fundamental issueshere are whether Brazil's relatively slow rate of economic growth compared with the breakneck growth rates in India andChina and its deep infrastructure deficiencies allow for including it in the same category as the other BRICS (especiallyChina and India). Is Brazil economically mature enough to increase its role in global governance institutions such as theWorld Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund and the G20, or is it an economically overestimated regionalpower with high ambitions? Has Brazil any other comparative edge over both western and non-western competitors? Is it"underestimated" politically? This article is divided into several sections. First, it gives an overview of BRICS developmentand explains the research problem. Second, it points to the simultaneous economic, "external" expansion of the Brazilianeconomy and the underinvestment in its "internal" infrastructure, which, instead of unlocking the economy and its potential,serve de facto as an impediment. Third, it analyzes the "quest for power" in global governance institutions by both Brazil andthe BRICS. The concluding section presents the main findings.


A fast separation method for simultaneous determination of eleven organic acids was validated and applied to different commercial food items to evaluate their organic acids content. The present method gives detection limits between 0.04 and 4.65 μg mL-1, recovery values in real samples between 78.2 and 97.3% and relative standard deviation values for precision lower than 5%. All validation data were in acceptable range and prove the method's fit for purpose. The advantages of the method are the short runtime analysis (15 min), no preparation step for the samples before the injection combined with good sensitivity which recommends it for routine control analysis in food industries. Moreover, this methodology has high potential in drinks industry but can by further extended to other types of food items.

https://revistadechimie.ro/count_redirect.asp?RevChimieID=5631&pdfArticle=pdf/1 BADEA GEORGIANA 6 17.pdf


Hemicycliophora ritteri and Paratrichodorus minor were associated in high numbers with a previously unknown "dieback disease" of cranberry. Chemical t rea tment with nematicides and fungicides failed to control this disease. The re were no correlations (P -< 0.05) among nematode numbers and yields of good or ro t ten berries, and with disease ratings. Nematodes were apparently not involved in the etiology of this dieback disease.


An interaction between antigen and macrophage‐like cells which display I region gene products [antigen‐presenting cells (APC)] is necessary for activation of inducer T cell clones. The specificity of inducer cell activation has been found to be major histocom‐ patibility complex (MHC)‐restricted and antigen specific. This is thought to reflect formation of a ligand consisting of MHC class II gene products associated in some way with foreign protein.


Abstract The mycoflora of chlorinated drinking water has been examined. Of 38 samples, 50 % and 81 % were yeast and filamentous fungi contaminated respectively. The concentrations ranged between 1 and 28 yeasts per litre and between 2 and 65 filamentous fungi per litre. The genus Candida was the most representative for the yeast population, while the three genera Penicillimn, Asperqillus and Rhizopus represented around the half of isolated fungi strains. From a limited number of samples no correlations were found between total bacteria, yeasts, filamentous fungi and chlorine.


The constant increase in the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in different technical and economic areas requires the determination of the position with the required accuracy for each individual application. In a user environment where the so called multipaths when receiving the signal from the satellite comes to their effect on the error of determining the position. In this paper, we present the influence of multiple paths on the position determination error in intelligent transport systems using the Autoregressive Model (AR). The influence of multipath on position determination error shows significant deviation from normal distribution and requires more complex AR models or introduction of complex Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models or stochastic models.


Virginia Woolf is eager for the harmonious relation between the male and female.Orlando,published in 1928,demonstrates Woolf's androgynous idea.Woolf advances the theory of Androgyny in 1929.Nowadays Androgyny has emerged as an increasingly active research area,it has gained more attention than ever.Woolf's Androgyny doesn't refer to the biological meaning,nor the best spiritual state of writing.It not only aims to criticize the patriarchy society,but describes a harmonious way for the two sexes.


Accumulative forms of marine coastal zones, especially those of a sandy character, are very sensitive to human action (anthropogenous influence) . They are widely spread on the Black Sea coast, where anthropogenic development is very strong . Economie activity includes port, recreational, civil, industrial, navigational and other kinds of constructions, as well as intensive usage of natural resources . Ail this causes the reduction of sediment amount in the coastal zone and therefore threatens landforms based on sand accumulation . As the result , destructive phenomena are activated which cause great damage, primarily to sandy accumulative forms. A numerical estimation of the anthropogenic impact on the coastal systems in the North-Western part of the Black Sea is presented.


Symbolic inversion is examined from several perspectives. First, a number of symbolic algebra and mathematical tool packages were studied in order to evaluate their capabilities and methods, specifically with respect to symbolic inversion. Second, the KATE system (without hardware interface) was ported to a Zenith Z-248 microcomputer running Golden Common Lisp. The interesting thing about the port is that it allows the user to have measurements vary and components fail in a non-deterministic manner based upon random value from probability distributions. Third, INVERT was studied as currently implemented in KATE, its operation documented, some of its weaknesses identified, and corrections made to it. The corrections and enhancements are primarily in the way that logical conditions involving AND's and OR's and inequalities are processed. In addition, the capability to handle equalities was also added. Suggestions were also made regarding the handling of ranges in INVERT. Last, other approaches to the inversion process were studied and recommendations were made as to how future versions of KATE should perform symbolic inversion.


We presented the case of a patient who experienced cerebral venous thrombosis on the fifth postpartum day of cesarean section. Neurologic complication related to pregnancy is infrequent during postpartum period. But, it can be serious and potentially life-threatening. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) occurs frequently in association with pregnancy and but is more common during postpartum period than pregnancy. The most common symptom of CVT is headache. Headache is encountered frequently in the first postpartum week. It is usually treated with analgesics and patients can be discharged under analgesic therapy. Although headache after regional anesthesia for cesarean section is often treated as a postural puncture headache, the reason of headache after cesarean section under regional anesthesia can be of various origins, such as cerebral venous thrombosis.


Abstract The saturation magnetic moments of certain iron alloys are difficult to interpret in terms of models found satisfactory for nickel alloys. It has been suggested that in pure iron the total number of empty d-band states is appreciably greater than the number of unpaired spins calculated from the saturation moment. The saturation moments of some iron-cobalt-aluminium alloys have therefore been measured and the effect of aluminium on the moments of iron-cobalt alloys is compared with its effect on the moment of pure iron. It is concluded that in iron the number of empty d-states exceeds the number of unpaired spins; the latter quantity is 2·22 per atom, while the value suggested for the former is greater than 3 per atom. The details of the effects found in the ternary alloys are discussed in terms of the d-band shape.


The data within AMRS is a strategic resource for both clinical and utilization management. The coded pordons are used extensively. However, with the exception of resource-intensive manual chart review for quality measurement and research, the text portions of the AMRS resource are inaccessible and virtually ignored. HCHP has searched for ways to unlock this data and build into production systems the capacity to access, manipulate, extract and abstract text clinical data.


A rectangular shorted patch is designed to achieve a wideband performance and size reduction. The patch size is reduced to 25% of the full size patch with over 30% matching bandwidth. A hook shape probe excites the patch approximately. The effect of hook parameters is investigated. A comparison between the L-shape and the hook-shape probe is given. Some of the numerical results are verified experimentally. A 16 elements array is analyzed with different feeding arrangements indicating an improvement of the array performance.


This paper studied the effect of different cutting matrix, different NAA concentrations and different cuttings on the rooting of Millettia dielsiana Harms. The results showed that the cutting matrix and NAA concentration had a certain impact on the rooting. And the best combination of various factors based on 50% loess and 50% sand mixture as substrate, NAA concentration of 0.50 mg/L. The rooting rate of Millettia dielsiana Harms cutting in May and September were not high, and more or less, but the rooting rate of plant cutting in March was up to 60.32%.


We have investigated the effect of oxygen plasma treatment on GaAs surface prior to plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon nitride cap on the activation efficiency of implanted Si in GaAs. The oxygen plasma treatment improved the activation efficiency by ∼35% over (1:10) NH4OH:H2O treatment. In addition, the oxygen plasma treated samples had uniform sheet resistance across the wafer with minimum wafer‐to‐wafer variations. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of oxygen plasma treated GaAs surface indicated the formation of ∼25‐A‐thick oxide layer consisting of Ga2O3, As2O3, As2O5, and elemental As. During the activation anneal, the arsenic‐containing oxides react with the GaAs substrate to form Ga2O3 and elemental As which increases the probability that the implanted Si incorporates in the Ga sites over the As sites, and thereby improves the activation efficiency. This surface related mechanism suggests that the variation in activation efficiency is mostly attributed to variation in surf...


Firms grow and decline by relatively lumpy jumps which cannot be accounted by the cumulation of small, "atom-less", independent shocks. Rather "big" episodes of expansion and contraction are relatively frequent. More technically, this is revealed by the fat-tailed distributions of growth rates. This applies across different levels of sectoral disaggregation, across countries, over different historical periods for which there are available data. What determines such property? In Dosi et al. (The footprint of evolutionary processes of learning and selection upon the statistical properties of industrial dynamics. Industrial and corporate change. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2016) we implemented a simple multi-firm evolutionary simulation model, built upon the coupling of a replicator dynamic and an idiosyncratic learning process, which turns out to be able to robustly reproduce such a stylized fact. Here, we investigate, by means of a Kriging meta-model, how robust such "ubiquitousness" feature is with regard to a global exploration of the parameters space. The exercise confirms the high level of generality of the results in a statistically robust global sensitivity analysis framework.


"Principle of Creation" is Tang Junyi's major axis for interpreting Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi's philosophy. It is not only the principle of creation of all things, but also the xing of human and all other beings. Exploring its meaning not only help us understand Mr. Tang' views on Confucian's metaphysics and mind-xing theory, but also show Mr. Tang' interpretation methods about those philosophers. Under Mr. Tang's interpretations, the philosophers mentioned above would not regard tai chi, xing or the Way of Heaven as non-active Being, but as having its attractive power to direct chi and mind towards it. Moreover, chi and mind so-called are not purely empirical and physical, but has their xuling and gantong abilities. Hence, the mind is easy to sense the inherent principles of xing and then elicits corresponding emotions, leading to moral motivation that we need not worry about whether it is enough or not. As a result of these backgrounds of thought, Mr. Tang's interpretations on the doctrines of those philosophers are different from others.


Purpose – To examine the efficacy of admission requirements as predictors of academic success in core business coursework, and as a rationing mechanism for limited course capacity, for both transfer and non‐transfer students following integration of the core business curriculum.Design/methodology/approach – Regression analysis is used to test the efficacy of admission standards in explaining transfer and non‐transfer student performance in the core business curriculum, before and after substantial curricular revision. Fisher's r‐to‐z transformation is used to test differences between student groups and core curriculum formats. Stepwise regression was used to identify an accurate predictor of transfer student performance for the integrated business core.Findings – Efficacy of the admission standard decreased for transfer students following introduction of the new curriculum. While adequate for all students taking the traditional business core, it is a much less effective predictor of success for transfer s...


Embodiments of the present invention disclose a coordinated communication method and device. The method comprises: determining, among the air interface resources between a first base station and a second base station, the part of air interface resources that is used for information exchange with the second base station; determining the coordinated communication mode used by the first base station and the second base station to communicate with a terminal; determining, according to the coordinated communication mode, the link parameters needed for a serving base station to provide services to the terminal, and the first base station transmitting the coordinated communication mode and the link parameters to the serving base station via the part of the air interface so that the serving base station can provide services to the terminal according to the link parameters, the serving base station comprising the first base station and/or the second base station. The embodiments of the present invention enhance the comprehensive coordinated communication among base stations in scenarios having backhaul of large delays.


T cells are commonly involved in lung fibrosis, but their mechanistic role is unclear. Lung T cells from patients with scleroderma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and healthy controls were studied. CCL18 gene delivery in vivo was used to induce selective chemoattraction of T cells to otherwise healthy or bleomycin‐injured mouse lungs. The fibrotic potential of T cells was studied in cell culture. Immunohistologically and flowcytometrically, integrins αVβ3 and αVβ5 were expressed on 32±15% of T cells in patients with fibrosis but not in healthy controls; higher integrin expression levels correlated with worse pulmonary function measures. Levels of mRNAs for these integrins were also increased. Infiltration of T cell in the otherwise healthy mouse lungs was accompanied by integrin expression on T cells, elevated active TGF‐β, and T cell‐dependent collagen accumulation. In contrast, CCL18‐driven infiltration of T cells combined with bleomycin injury showed lack of integrin expression on T cells, lower active TGF‐β, and partial inhibition of collagen accumulation. In vitro overexpression of integrin αVβ3 or αVβ5 on Jurkat cells caused an increase in TGF‐β and collagen in co‐cultures with primary lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, T cells may act pro‐ or antifibrotically, by expressing or not expressing integrins αVβ3 and/or αVβ5, and likely activating or not activating TGF‐β. Support: R01HL074067, VA Merit (SPA).


Byline: G. Swaminath Prescription adherence - on whom is the onus? One of the most frustrating experiences faced by a physician is having a recovered patient return with recurrence of symptoms because the patient, his family or both together had decided to discontinue the treatment. The disappointment is compounded if the patient despite a prediction of poor outcome, had shown excellent recovery. Similar dissatisfaction is faced by psychiatrists who find their chronic psychotically ill relapse after discontinuing medication after having shown good improvement and are now unmanageable and violent. The annoyance of the treating doctor at the beseeching relatives who return sheepishly, guiltily, helplessly or even arrogantly at times and implore immediate remedial measures for the patient, is understandable. This raises an important issue of poor compliance in psychiatric and other chronic disorders. Our society relies upon medications to improve the clinical outcomes of morbidity and mortality and to reduce or prevent hospitalization and to improve quality of life. However, many patients do not realize the full potential benefits of prescription therapies, resulting in their failure to take some or all of the medications prescribed by their physician. The consequence is a decrease in quality-of-life improvement derived from medicines and unnecessary increases in avoidable healthcare cost.[sup] [1] Compliance, concordance, adherence and persistence There are various terms used to describe such patient behaviour. The commonest and most traditional term is Compliance , which suggests a passive approach where the patient faithfully (and often without question) follows the advice and directions of the healthcare provider.[sup] [1] It denotes a paternalistic point of view of the practitioner- patient relationship. However the term has negative connotations and suggests yielding, complaisance and submission.[sup] [2] Inherent to all the various definitions of compliance is the assumption that medical advice is good for the patient or that rational patient behaviour means following medical advice precisely.[sup] [3] However there could be something morally and psychologically flawed in the concept of compliance. Non-compliance can be defined as a person's informed decision not to adhere to a therapeutic regimen.[sup] [4] Compliance is the extent to which an individual chooses a behaviour that coincides with a clinical prescription, whereas another term suggested by the Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, Concordance is the patient's considered choice.[sup] [5] Concordance indicates the extent to which what the patient thinks about what is asked from him matches what the health care-giver thinks the patient actually does.[sup] [2] Another term, Adherence has also been proposed as an alternative to compliance which reduces attribution of greater power to the doctor in the doctor-patient relationship. Adherence is a collaboration between the patient and healthcare provider regarding health-related decisions. Utilizing this terminology (adherence) with the patient assists in fostering ownership and the continuation of treatment decisions by the patient. The term adherence incorporates the broader notions of concordance, cooperation and partnership.[sup] [2] Another term used is Persistence , which is the ability to see a prescribed therapy through to its intended completion, in other words, beginning therapy and continuing to use the medication and refill the prescription until instructed otherwise.[sup] [1] All this suggests that resistance to taking drugs is profound and pervasive. What ever be the means of defining the problem this issue has become one of the serious issues governing the doctor patient relationship. Nonadherence to prescribed treatment regimens jeopardizes the outcome of treatment for every medical and psychiatric condition and has been called "America's other drug problem". …


The community Pharmacists are most accessible health care professionals to the public. The present study deals with Current status of retail pharmacies in Deolai-Satara region of Aurangabad City in Maharashtra, regarding their perception about professional responsibility as well as their social status and role of community pharmacists. The questionnaire was developed which consist of various parameters which are directly and indirectly related to pharmacy profession and community pharmacist services like educational qualification, experience, source and dispatching system of medicines, clinical services, etc. During this survey total 59 pharmacies directly approached. In this survey, we have collected data from 59 retail pharmacists, apart from these, the chief retail pharmacists were 77.9% males and remaining females. As considering educational qualification about 22% were B. Pharm, 77.9% D. Pharm. and majority of staff (59.1%) was other than science graduate. All have Refrigerators, 18.64% has Air Conditioner but not a single pharmacy have own Library. The source of medicines in all pharmacies was wholesaler. Not a singl e retail pharmacist should participate in research projects and also not provide clinical pharmacy services, but they are willing to participate in future. In 42.8 % the maintenance of inventory and dispensing records were computerized, while in remaining 37.2 % it was manual by using central stock book and 20% have both. 85.1% pharmacists should not have power to change prescription. It is revealed that most of the pharmacists fulfill their current professional status, but they also advice about improvement in their profession.


Objective Our objective was to explore the prognostic role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) SH3PXD2A-AS1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods An SH3PXD2A-AS1 expression dataset was retrieved and analyzed from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and SH3PXD2A-AS1 expression was determined in our cohort of 134 ESCC patients by using quantitative PCR. The clinical significance of SH3PXD2A-AS1 expression was investigated by the Chi square test and its prognostic value was determined by Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis. RNA interference and in vitro functional experiments, including cell viability, migration, and invasion, were used to investigate effects of SH3PXD2A-AS1 on cell malignant phenotype. Results SH3PXD2A-AS1 expression was increased in ESCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. A high level of SH3PXD2A-AS1 expression was associated with poor tumor differentiation and advanced T, N, and TNM stages, indicating its oncogenic role in ESCC. Moreover, its high expression predicted poor overall survival in patients with ESCC. Inhibition of SH3PXD2A-AS1 expression significantly suppressed cell viability, migration, and invasion of ESCC cells. Conclusion High SH3PXD2A-AS1 expression is a poor prognostic factor for patients with ESCC. SH3PXD2A-AS1 might function as an oncogene that can promote malignant biological characteristics of ESCC cells.


In a seminal paper, Meyer[1] described the advantages of quantum game theory by looking at the classical penny flip game. A player using quantum strategy can win against a classical player almost 100% of the time. Here we make a slight modification of the quantum game, with the two players sharing an entangled state to begin with. We then analyse two different scenarios, one in which the quantum player makes unitary transformations to her qubit while classical player uses a pure strategy of either flipping or not flipping the state of his qubit. In the second scenario we have the quantum player making similar unitary transformations while the classical player makes use of a mixed strategy wherein he either flips or not with some probability "p". We show that in the second scenario, 100% win record of a quantum player is drastically reduced and for a particular probability "p" the classical player can even win against the quantum player.


The Dashushan-Zipengshan geological park of Hefei City is a comprehensive geological park where there exist many geological relics,such as Jurassic stratotype section representative of the Hefei area,volcano relics erupted in Paleogene and tremendous other geological structure relics.This paper,based on analysis of the major protected objects in the park,with main issues concerning geological relics protection in the park being taken into consideration,raised some protective measures of guiding role in their reasonable protection.


THIS paper summarizes and compares the reactions to death of two Apache tribes known to be closely related historically and culturally. Similarities and differences are reviewed and analyzed for clues concerning the manner in which variation from a common pattern develops. Processes to which I give the terms selective emphasis, extension, intensification, combination, and placement are identified. An attempt is made to demonstrate that traits of a culture take on meanings and associations that align them with other cultural elements and that they tend to appear and exert their influence as clusters. Such a cluster or associated body of ideas, symbols, artifacts, and behavior called into play by a culturally significant event I term an assemblage.1 In this context the constituent elements or traits of an assemblage are viewed as its components, and attention is given to the question of the interrelations, stability, and persistence of aggregations of components. In an effort to see why intricate and highly patterned assemblages appear in some situations and not in others, the relationship between assemblages and important affirmations of the culture, called themes, is explored, and the relevance of the assemblage-themal analysis to cross-cultural study is considered.


The present invention relates to a backlight unit. The backlight unit of the present invention is formed by attaching an adhesive mixed with light-scattering particles onto a substrate which incorporates a light-emitting means. The adhesive does not cause defects such as lifting, delamination or warping, even under severe high temperature or high temperature / high humidity conditions, and also does not cause phenomena such as yellowing, white clouding, and the like. According to the present invention, a thin backlight unit which has superior luminance and superior luminance uniformity, and which overcomes phase differences in light-emitting diodes, can be provided. The backlight unit of the present invention can be advantageously applied to a flexible device.


Phosphate retention by a kaolinitic soil clay and cation exchange resins was studied to evaluate both the nature of retention and the effect of cations on the system. Calcium in the system always effected greater retention of phosphate by the exchange material than did sodium. Surface coatings of iron or aluminum on the exchange material were found to retain a large proportion of the added phosphate. The amount of this retention increased as the concentration of phosphorus in solution increased. The percentage of the retained phosphate that exchanged with radiophosphorus in solution was a function of both the concentration of phosphorus in solution and the length of time allowed for equilibration. In these reports both the coated resins and a soil clay acted similarly. Under the conditions of these experiments, the iron-coated resin was capable of retaining only slightly more phosphate than the aluminum-coated resin. However, in a mixed system most of the phosphate was retained by the iron-resin system. The results indicate that retention in these systems probably involves exchange of phosphate from solution with ions on the surface of the particles. The hydrous oxides of iron and aluminum are undoubtedly involved in this retention. The presence of other cations, Ca, Na, and H, affect the extent of this retention.


Manual screening of sputum smear slides for tuberculosis using microscopy is a time consuming exercise that strains laboratory resources in regions with high prevalence of the disease. A system to automatically screen smears would benefit such areas by reducing the reliance on technicians. The first step of such a system would be to ensure that the slide is optimally focused. In this paper, we compare the use of a focus measure and wavelet-based image fusion for automatic focusing of sputum smear slides for fluorescence microscopy to detect tuberculosis. Our objective is to obtain the sharpest image for input into further processing stages in the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We use manual focusing as ground truth and assess the performance of the two methods by comparing segmented bacillus borders in the autofocused images with those in the manually focused images. Image fusion-based focusing performs marginally better than focus measure-based focusing.


The small subunit ribosomal RNA coding region for the Sudan I strain of Leishmania donovani is contained within three EcoRl/EcoRl restriction fragments 3.7 kb, 1.0 kb, and 56 bp in size. The 3.7 kb and 1 kb fragments were cloned into PTZ 18U plasmids and a 450 bp HindIII/Pstl which contains the 56 bp fragment and overlaps the 3.7 kb and 1.0 kb EcoRl fragments was directly cloned into M13 phage mpl8. Complete sequences for both strands of the coding region were determined by initiating the dideoxynucleotide chain termination sequencing protocols (1) with oligonucleotide primers that are complementary to highly conserved regions in eukaryotic small subunit rRNA genes (2). The L_ donovani sequence is 2204 nucleotides long and is more closely related to Crithidia fasciculata (97%) (3) than to Trypanosoma brucei (84%) (4).


A successful attempt was made to induce immunological tolerance to N. brasiliensis in laboratory rats by exposing them to larval infections before the age of immunological maturity. The adult capacity of rats to eliminate a primary infection in 3 weeks and to acquire resistance to reinfection was developed by 5 weeks of age. On the other hand, primary infections of 250–660 larvae, originating before 4 weeks of age, survived in 61 of 83 rats up to 10 weeks. These rats were not resistant to challenge at 5 or 7 weeks of age, nor did the challenge infection undergo immune elimination. Such tolerance was evident even in rats whose primary worm burden was chemically abbreviated prior to challenge. It was not always possible to distinguish between tolerant and immune animals on the basis of egg output patterns. Suppression of egg output occurred even in tolerant rats harbouring relatively stable female populations. For immunological experiments on N. brasiliensis infection in rats, the determination of a 'take ratio' is advocated: (20 day take/10 day take) × 100. This ratio eliminates the error inherent in variability of takes and renders comparable the results of different experiments. The work was carried out in 1965 during tenure by one of us (T.K.) of an Exchange Scholarship under the British–Hungarian Cultural Agreement. Supervision by Professor W. Mulligan and the co-operation of colleagues in the Wellcome Laboratories are gratefully acknowledged.


Eating patterns influence the nutritional status, health, learning process and academic performance of the school children. This study was conducted to explore the food availability at school canteens and food intake by adolescents in break period. A cross sectional study was conducted on 290 adolescents (145 were girls and 145 boys) of 6th, 7th and 8th grade from public schools of Chak Shahzad, Islamabad. Pre-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Chi square / fisher exact test was done by using SPSS to check the association. The mean age of adolescents was 12.6 ± 1.33 years. They were reported normal, underweight, overweight and obese as 176 (60.7%), 79 (27.2%), 27 (9.3%) and 9 (2.8%) respectively. Nutritional status was significantly related with gender, age and grade of adolescents with p-value <0.05. Response showed that 199 (68.6%) adolescents prefer canteen food during break time, and 66 (22.8%) give preference to homemade lunch. Few of them 25 (8.6%) take fruits in school break time. About (24.8%) took drink with lunch which were juices 30 (10.3%), milk/milk shake 14 (5.9%), carbonated drinks 6 (2.1%), and tea/coffee 13 (4.5%). Consumption of carbohydrates, protein, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products was found as 64 (22.1%), 26 (0.9%), 32 (11%), 4 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) respectively in adolescents who brought their lunch from home. Around 49% of students were not satisfied with food provided on their school canteens. Availability of food items on school canteens and overall eating pattern of adolescents is not satisfactory. There is a need of school canteen guidelines/policy and nutritional education to canteen staff and pupils.


Sol–gel and gel–sol phase transitions of kappa–iota (κ–ι) carrageenan mixtures in two types of salts were studied using photon transmission technique. Here, KCl and CaCl2 were chosen as the proper salts for the carrageenan mixtures. Coil-to-double helix (c-h) and double helix-to-dimer (h-d) phase transitions of carrageenan mixtures in monovalent and bivalent cation solutions were studied upon heating and cooling by using photon transmission technique. Photon transmission intensity, I tr was monitored against temperature to determine the (c-h) and (h-d) transition temperatures (T ch and T nd). Two distinct transition regions were observed in both heating and cooling of the carrageenan-bivalent CaCl2 salt system. At the first step of heating process dimers decompose into double helices by making (d-h) transition. At the high temperature region (h-c) transition takes place. Carrageenan-monovalent KCl salt system presented only (c-h) and (h-c) transitions upon cooling and heating processes. Transition temperatures at the heating and cooling processes were obtained. A hysteresis was observed between (h-c)–(c-h) and (d-h)–(h-d) transitions for the monovalent and bivalent cations respectively.


Measurement by Ultrasound. The temperature profile inside the extruder is generally determined by means of temperature sensors that have a number of drawbacks. An ultrasonic measurement system supplies sound velocity datathat makes it possible to calculate the mean melt temperature at defined points along the screw. This does not require any fittings that protrude into the melt flow.


The transition towards renewable energy is inevitable while reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. It is necessary that school helps to increase and maintain student interest in renewable energy. This book, consisting of 10 chapters and two appendices, provides the fundamental knowledge in renewable energy sources with an emphasis on the basic concepts of physics and chemistry, and has plenty of figures/tables, full-colour illustrations, box examples, end-of-chapter summaries, future prospects for each renewable energy and further reading for students at the undergraduate level. Chapter 1 explores introductory knowledge on energy and power and briefly examines each of the principal renewable energy sources based on themain technology involved and its proportion of the world's primary energy. Chapter 2 introduces solar thermal or heat energy including the nature of solar radiation, the mechanisms of heat loss, active/passive solar technologies with a brief history, and potential and environmental impact of solar thermal systems. Chapter 3 begins with a brief history and basic mechanisms of photovoltaics and discusses costs/efficiencies, environmental impact, current limitations and future prospects of photovoltaic energy conversion technologies. Chapter 4 describes the photosynthesis mechanism for the bioenergy conversion, materials and sources used for bioenergy, the physical, thermochemical or biochemical processes in bioenergy production, economics and environmental impacts of bioenergy. Chapters 5–8 deal with the different forms of fluid-based energy generation, such as hydroelectricity (Chapter 5), tidal power (Chapter 6), wind energy (Chapter 7), and wave energy (Chapter 8): each chapter gives a brief introduction to the terminology, basic principles of energy conversion, types of technologies used, commercial development, economics and environmental impacts associated with the use of each fluid-based energy, but for a better understanding, these chapters also need to cover verybasic principles of the fluidmechanics at the beginningof each chapter.Chapter 9 explains the physical principles and technologies of geothermal energy including geothermal waters, high enthalpy steam fields and engineered geothermal systems, economics and environmental implication, and regulatory issues. Chapter 10 looks at a number of long-term energy studies with concentration on the UK energy system, discusses the remaining challenges in technically, socially and politically integrating the available renewable energy resources, and provides the description of a variety of energy scenarios. I believe that this book through chapters introducing various renewable energy resources is useful for students and junior engineers working in energy and environment-related fields and can be also recommended for undergraduate students as a textbook.


As an important component of the turbine,the performance of the runner is decisive to the overall performance of the turbine.The turbine runner of Bailong hydropower station was damaged in the fifth year of production,which caused the excessive amplitude of vibration and served no good for effective production.The article,according with the actuality of the station and the machine,analyzes the reason of the damages and introduces the situation which happened in the renovation of hydro turbine runner.It is very meaningful to the similar projects.


In the post network era, various factors that influence the construction of literature information resources of university library such as the new technology environment, a new generation of readers, the purchase funds of literature information resources, the use of the introduced resources, the open access of resources, and the commercial publishing model, etc. are having the revolutionary changes more or less, fast or slow. Based on the discussion on these changes, this paper puts forward the strategies for constructing the open literature information resources guarantee system in university library, which include strengthening the theoretical study on the development policy of library's collection resources especially the electronic resources, changing the ideas and methods of traditional literature collection, moderately controlling the development of real collection resources, strengthening the construction of the key subjects' collection,optimizing the structure of the collection after making a correct assessment of the situation, and choosing the open electronic resource development mode suitable for the needs of the development of the library, etc.


Abstract : Contents: Calculating the rate of vertical development of convective clouds The amount and intensity of precipitation from convective clouds Changes in the microstructure of convective clouds during the fall of precipitation Data on the crystallization temperature of the tops of cumulus congestus clouds in various physicogeographic regions Certain features of the solid phase of water in the atmosphere at low negative air temperatures Sounding of the atmosphere using the TU-104 airplane The study of the water resources of clouds of the warm half-year in the lake Sevan basin The use of colloidal solutions for the seeding of supercooled clouds and fog Results of laboratory experiments on the ice-forming activity of certain substances in supercooled fog The influence of the frequency and intensity of acoustic vibrations on the rate of dis sipation of fog


We analyze the recently obtained static and spherically symmetric solutions of the Spinor Theory of Gravity (STG) which, in the weak field limit, presents an effective Newtonian potential that contains an extra logarithmic behavior. We apply this solution to the description of the galaxy rotation curves finding an interesting analogy with the dark matter halo profile proposed by Navarro, Frenk and White.


Context. We investigate the distribution of asteroid rotation periods from different regions of the solar system and diameter distributions of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Aims. We aim to verify if nonextensive statistics satisfactorily describes the data. Methods. Light curve data were taken from the Planetary Database System (PDS) with Rel ≥ 2. We also considered the taxonomic class and region of the solar system. Data of NEA were taken from the Minor Planet Center. Results. The rotation periods of asteroids follow a q-Gaussian with q = 2.6 regardless of taxonomy, diameter, or region of the solar system of the object. The distribution of rotation periods is influenced by observational bias. The diameters of NEAs are described by a q-exponential with q = 1.3. According to this distribution, there are expected to be 994 ± 30 NEAs with diameters greater than 1k m.


The J = 6←5 rotational transitions have been observed for 10 isotopic species of CH3CCCl, including four of the fully deuterated molecule. The values for DJ were calculated from the force constants of the molecule, and are tabulated with the resulting values for B0. The structural parameters giving the best fit to the 10 moments of inertia IB are: r0(C–Cl) = 1.6371 A, r0(C≡C) = 1.2069 A, r0(C–C) = 1.4584 A, r0(C–H) = 1.117 A, ≰HCC = 110° 46′, r0(C–D) = 1.114 A, and ≰DCC = 110° 30′. The quadrupole coupling constant eqQ was determined as —79.6 Mc/sec for Cl35 and —62.6 Mc/sec for Cl37. For CH3CCCl35, CH3CCCl37, CD3CCCl35, and CD3CCCl37 experimental values of DJK and HJKK were determined from the K structure. To fit the observed fine structure it was necessary to include the third‐order term HJKK in the expression for the rotational energy.


We estimate the extent of overshooting inwards from the bottom of the intershell convective zone in thermal pulses in (S)AGB stars. We find that the buoyancy is so strong that any overshooting should be negligible. The temperature inversion at the bottom of the convective zone adds to the stability of the region. Any mixing that occurs in this region is highly unlikely to be due to convective overshooting, and so must be due to another process.


Setf-supported asymmetric hollow-fiber membranes of mixed oxygen-ionic and electronic conducting perovskite Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) were prepared by a combined phase-inversion and sintering technique. The starting inorganic powder was synthesized by combined EDTA-citrate complexing process followed by thermal treatment at 600 degrees C. The powder was dispersed in a polymer solution and then extruded into hollow-fiber precursors through a spinneret. ne fiber precursors were sintered at elevated temperatures to form gastight membranes, which were characterized by SEM and gas permeation tests. Performance of the hollow fibers in air separation was both experimentally and theoretically studied at various conditions. The results reveal that the oxygen permeation process was controlled by the slow oxygen surface exchange kinetics under the investigated conditions. The porous inner surface of the prepared perovskite hollow-fiber membranes considerably favored the oxygen permeation. The maximum oxygen flux measured was 0.031 mol-m(-2).s(-1) at 950 degrees C with the sweep gas flow rate of 0.522 mol(.)m(-2).s(-1). To improve the oxygen flux of BSCF perovskite membranes, future work should be focused on surface modification rather than reduction of the membrane thickness. (c) 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers.


Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, accounting for 11.6% of cancer diagnoses in the world. Death in lung cancer patients can occur in various ways and one of the treatments for lung cancer patients that can be done is thoracic surgery. Thoracic surgery is generally considered a medium risk procedure, but thoracic surgery has a high risk, one of the risks is that if the patient loses blood which will result in the death of the patient. In this study, the method used to implement predictive life expectancy in post-thoracic surgery patients is the bat algorithm for feature selection and the KNN algorithm for classifying data. The dataset used in this study was obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository, namely the thoracic surgery dataset which contains 470 data with 16 attributes. The results of the study in predicting the life expectancy of patients after thoracic surgery were carried out with 3 tests. The first test is testing the population with the best accuracy of 87.23%, the second test is convergent testing with the best accuracy of 87.23% and the third test is the comparison test of KNN which produces the best accuracy of 87.23%. The bat algorithm succeeded in increasing the accuracy of the KNN classification by 5.23% from 81.91%.


Asperger's syndrome (AS) is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by impairment in social interaction and restricted repetitive behaviors or interests. This disorder is rarely recognized in adolescence or adulthood especially because of unawareness for AS among clinicians and the confounding effects of the comorbid psychiatric conditions. Diagnosing this neurodevelopmental disorder is critical for optimal treatment approaches. Here we present a seventeen-year-old boy with bipolar disorder and late-diagnosed AS.


It is shown that, using very simple mathematics, one can derive expressions of the screening constants in terms of the quantum numbers of a given electronic configuration. (AIP)


SUMMARY This article aims at providing a global overview of school failure in Portugal, regarding it as a complex social and educational problem. It opens by defining the place of school failure within the Portuguese education system and by tracing its causes. It later explores types and forms of assessment in force in basic and secondary education and analyses these in terms of school achievement rates of students and of the dropout rates which contribute to aggravate the problem. Finally, reference is made to some measures that are presently being taken to combat it.


This paper presents a new unidirectional cascaded bridgeless multilevel rectifier (CBR) well suited for serving as the rectifier stage of a transformerless cascaded multilevel converter. Compared to a traditional cascaded H-bridge rectifier, the proposed CBR utilizes fewer fully controlled switching devices by replacing the fully controlled H-bridge modules with bridgeless PFC modules, thus simplifying the control circuits, increasing the system reliability, and cutting down the implementation expenses. However, when a single-phase CBR is operating under a unity power factor, the input current will be severely distorted because of the unidirectional power flow property of the bridgeless PFC modules. Therefore, aiming at achieving a satisfactory current quality and power factor simultaneously, an improved control strategy and a revised topology for the single-phase CBR are provided as two effective solutions. Specifically, for the single-phase CBR under the improved control, the limitation of the maximum value of the boost inductance considering an acceptable power factor is derived. Besides, the method of determining the configuration of the modified single-phase CBR is given based on the steady-state analysis. In addition, for the three-phase CBR, the reason that the traditional control strategy is capable of realizing unity power factor rectification while mitigating input current zero-crossing distortion is analyzed. Finally, simulations in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and experimental results from scaled-down laboratory prototypes are provided to verify the proposed theories.


An electrochemical technique was applied to improve mortar durability. Silicate ions were injected into mortar pores to react with calcium hydroxide by applying an electric field, resulting in densification of the mortar. The calcium ions in the pores of the mortar were electro-transported to the sodium silicate solution, which led to the formation of a surface coating. The durability of mortars after electrochemical treatment was evaluated by examining water absorption, carbonation depth, sulfate resistance and chloride diffusion. In addition, microscopic observations were made using scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that the resistances to water absorption, carbonation, sulfate and chloride diffusion were improved by use of the electrochemical technique. The improvement in mortar durability was attributed to the combined actions of densification and the coating layer produced on the mortar ...


Frame and content in Grundtvig's thougths of the folk school. Thorkild Mads Larsen: The human is no monkey. Grundtvig's thougth about the folk school with special eye for the period 1832-1871) Odense Universitetsforlag 1993. Reviewed by Kim Arne Pedersen


PurposeRice processing, an important feature in rice production involving the transformation of harvested paddy into edible rice, is dependent on the type of rice processing techniques used. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the choice of processing techniques among rice processors in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThe study was carried out in Nigeria using structured questionnaires among 410 rice processors selected from four states (Ebonyi, Ekiti, Ogun and Nasarawa) from three geo-political zones (Southeast, Southwest and North-central) of Nigeria. Information on socio-economic characteristics (age, sex, household size, marital status and education) and processing characteristics (experience, paddy source, processing activities, processing techniques, credit and distance) were obtained. Data were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model at 0.05.FindingsThe mean age of processors was 47.8±9.9 years, mean household size was 6.5±4.2 persons and 88.7 percent were married. In total, 73.6 percent had formal education and mean years of experience was 16.4±9.2 years. Main processing activities were parboiling and drying (50.0 percent); milling (40.0 percent); and de-stoning (10.0 percent). In all, 65.7, 20.4 and 13.9 percent used traditional and modern techniques (TMTs), traditional techniques (TTs) and purely modern techniques (PMTs), respectively. The probability of choice of TT relative to TMT reduced by years of education (4.5 percent), paddy source (1.8 percent) and distance to processing center (4.4 percent), while probability of choice of PMT relative to TMT increased for male processors (7.3 percent), membership of association(18.0 percent) and other income sources (6.2 percent).Research limitations/implicationsLevel of education of processors and reduction in the distance taken to paddy source reduced choice of TTs.Practical implicationsOther income sources increased the choice of PMTs of rice processing in Nigeria.Social implicationsProcessors with high level of education, who also engage in other income generating activities, were able to choose modern processing techniques.Originality/valueThis research was an original research carried out among rice processors in Nigeria.


We first discuss two-body and chain regularization methods for direct N-body simulations on HARP-2 and GRAPE-6. The former is used for accurate integration of perturbed binaries and hierarchies, whereas the latter deals with strong interactions involving binaries. Combined with a powerful stability criterion for hierarchical systems, this versatile treatment provides an efficient way of studying all dynamical processes in globular clusters containing a realistic population of primordial binaries. These algorithms are also ideal for modelling a variety of astrophysical effects, such as averaging over Kozai cycles, tidal circularization, spin-orbit coupling and stellar collisions, where well-defined elements are used to describe near-singular solutions. We also describe a new time-transformed leapfrog scheme which has been developed to deal with black-hole binaries in galactic centres. This formulation is valid for large mass ratios and dominant two-body motions in a compact subsystem can be treated accurately in the post-Newtonian approximation. This method has been combined with the existing regularization algorithms into a new simulation code NBODY 7. Some preliminary results of a test problem illustrating possible applications are presented.


A 95% efficiency reusable adaptive time control bidirectional buck charge converter for wide input range operation is presented in this brief. For keeping the switching frequency stable, a reusable adaptive time generator is proposed to improve the transient response and stability of the system. In the buck charging and reverse boost discharging mode, the circuit adopts adaptive off-time control and on-time control, respectively. In order to ensure that the converter can work over a wide input range in the above two working modes, a maximum voltage selection circuit is used to generate a stable high-voltage output signal as the power supply voltage of the system. The proposed bidirectional converter has been fabricated using 0.18- $\mathbf {\mathrm {\mu }}\text{m}$ BCD process. Measurement results show that the converter has good output accuracy. The switching frequency is centered at 750kHz with less than 1.5% variation when the input voltage is 4.5-14V in the buck mode and 2.6-4.5V in the boost mode. The maximum conversion efficiency is up to 95%. Its minimum input starting voltage can be as low as 2.6V.


To investigate the passenger flow organization in large-scale railway passenger station, the new passenger flow driving models and evaluating methods are proposed. The passenger flow driving models mainly include the event processes assignment model, dynamic guide model, shortest path model and passenger flow conflict model. The basis data of simulating evaluation is mainly supplied by the simulating information map and evaluating information map. The case study demonstrates the validity and feasibility of the proposed models and methods, which are capable of evaluating passenger flow organization schemes and facilities layout schemes through visual and quantitative ways.


The mixed culture fermentation properties of Bifidobacterium Pullorum B171 and Lactobacillus Acidophilus M16 were studied. The major result was follows: The optimized mix culture fermentation conditions of B171 and M16 were: pH value of media was 7.0, temperature was 40 ℃. The process of mix culture fermentation was inoculating B171 first and inoculating M16 6 hours later. The terminal time was 11 h after mixed culture fermentation.


Natural Language (NL) based access to information contained in Knowledge Bases (KBs) has been tackled by approaches following different paradigms. One strand of research deals with the task of ontology-based data access and data exploration (Franconi et al., 2010; Franconi et al., 2011). This type of approach relies on two pillar components. The first one is an ontology describing the underlying domain with a set of reasoning based query construction operations. This component guides the lay user in the formulation of a KB query by proposing alternatives for query expansion. The second is a Natural Language Generation (NLG) system to hide the details of the formal query language to the user. Our ultimate goal is the automatic creation of a corpus of KB queries for development and evaluation of NLG systems. The task we address is the following. Given an ontology K, automatically select from K descriptions q which yield sensible user queries. The difficulty lies in the fact that ontologies often omit important disjointness axioms and adequate domain or range restrictions (Rector et al., 2004; Poveda-Villalón et al., 2012). For instance, the toy ontology shown in Figure 1 licences the meaningless query in (1). This happens because there is no disjointness axiom between the Song and Rectangular concepts and/or because the domain of the marriedTo relation is not restricted to persons.


SUMMARY The chicken is considered to be a major inexpensive protein producer of animal origin across the world. Enormous progress has been attained to improve production and reproduction by intense genetic selection, but it has resulted in indirect introduction of unwanted characteristics such as a strain on the birds' skeletal system. Several genetic and non-genetic factors affect bone growth and integrity. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily and comprise one of the multifunctional growth factors involved in organogenesis. Briefly, BMPs are known to play varied roles in embryogenesis, limb morphogenesis, cardiac myofibrillogenesis, odontogenesis, folliculogenesis, tissue-homoeostasis and left-right chick patterning. Yet, few BMPs have been detected and assessed in the chicken and were found to be located differently on the chromosomes from mammals. BMP's 1-like, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 and BMP's specific receptors (BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2) are expressed in osteoblasts and chondrocytes implicating their important role in osteo-chondrogenesis in chickens. However, some of the BMPs such as BMP2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 15 were also, surprisingly, detected in ovaries (granulosa and theca cells) and BMP2, 4 and 7 and BMPR1A, BMPR1B and BMPR2 in retinal pigment epithelium indicating their function in ovarian follicles and eye development in chicks. A number of antagonists have been identified as having a role in the signalling cascade of the bone morphogenetic proteins pathway. This review discusses the BMPs so far identified in chickens and their signalling and functioning for further use in improving skeletal strength and health of chickens.


The purpose of the article is to study the issue of ways to optimize the functioning of the social legal mechanism of ensuring individual rights in modern conditions. The authors, based on an analysis of legislation and domestic theoretical and legal literature, draw conclusions about their content. Having characterized the structure of the socio-legal mechanism for ensuring individual rights, the authors draw attention to the groups of its main subjects. The article pays attention to typical areas for reassessing the competence of state bodies in the field of ensuring individual rights. In accordance with the goals and objectives of the socio-legal mechanism for ensuring individual rights, based on the analysis carried out, a conclusion has been formulated about the need to optimize the legal status and competence of its main subjects and build channels of communication and interaction between them.


Abstract The influence of Pinus radiata bark polyphenol components in the phenol liquefaction of P. radiata bark was investigated using p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) and sulfuric acid (SA) as acid catalysts. A series of the phenol liquefaction reactions were carried out using mixtures of pure cellulose with increasing amounts of hot-water extract (HWE) of P. radiata bark—the polyphenol-rich component of bark. The yields of liquefied product reactions and combined phenol amounts in them were determined, and the liquefaction residues were also analyzed for determination of acid-soluble and insoluble polyphenols and residual cellulose fractions. The yield of cellulose liquefaction decreased linearly with increasing amounts of HWE with the effect being more pronounced for SA than for PTSA. The combined phenol amount increased with liquefaction yield increases for both SA and PTSA catalysts, but at liquefaction yield levels above 83 percent, more phenol was combined for SA catalyst than for PTSA catalyst. The...


We are grateful to Dr. Tanaka (1) and Dr. Kays and his group (2) for their thoughtful comments and questions with respect to our study (3).


The paper proposes a new adaptive version of the twisting algorithm, which is a traditional second order sliding mode controller. Due to dynamic adaptation of the gains, the controller design does not require complete information on the uncertainties/perturbations (bounds). It allows to decrease the gain magnitude and then the oscillations caused by a too large control magnitude: it improves the performance of the closed-loop system (accuracy). To show the feasibility of the approach, the methodology is applied to position control of an electropneumatic actuator.


In a recent letter, Salingaros (ibid., vol.19, L101-4, 1986) claimed that the equation curl a=ka cannot be used to describe a magnetic field B=a. He bases this on the assertion that the magnetic field B, caused by a current density J, must be orthogonal to J. This assertion is shown to be incorrect.


Printed patch antennas are generally planar, low mass and low profile radiating elements. Due to their possible conformity and simple manufacturing, printed antennas are interesting techniques for wide variety of applications like GPRs and See-through-the wall radars. Major disadvantages associated with this printed antennas are low gain and narrow bandwidth. However many broad banding techniques are in the literature such as aperture coupling using multi layer substrates, using parasitic elements etc... by its nature, for defense applications which challenges us to improve the bandwidth of the antenna without increasing the thickness of the substrate. One such method that facilitates our need is insertion of wide slots in the ground plane, steps in the planar patch and partial ground plane technique in order to make it to radiate bidirectionally.


Underlying this article are the questions of how to demarcate the phenomena to which the term 'religion' refers, and of how to differentiate between interpreting and explaining such phenomena – a matter to which David Chidester has offered guidance. These questions are approached by considering a different but closely related question: Does religion have a future, as answered in important recent books by two eminent scholars, both of them atheists, working in very different academic disciplines. These are the books of archaeologist, David Lewis-Williams, Conceiving God: The cognitive origins and evolution of religion (Lewis-Williams 2010) and philosopher of religion, J.E. Schellenberg's more recent work, Evolutionary religion (Schellenberg 2013). These works provide divergent answers to whether religion has a future – a divergence arising from different views about what constitutes religion. This article refers to their respective views, then provides a critical discussion of both, and ends by engaging, where relevant, with ideas in the work of David Chidester.Keywords: future religion, evolution, brain science, unethical religion, explanation, interpretation


The influence of impurities on the morphology of e-caprolactam crystals was examined in terms of molecular recognition processes at the crystal/solution interface. Summing the intermolecular interactions, using the atom−atom approximation together with the DREIDING force field provided a convergence in the lattice energy summation with a good correlation to thermodynamic data. Attachment energy calculations using the HABIT95 program predicted a growth morphology dominated by {200}, {110}, and {111} crystal forms in good agreement with known experimental vapor growth data. Molecular dynamics studies of acetone, ethanol, toluene, water, and hexane solvent adsorption on the habit faces predicted the effect of solvent on the crystal morphology and in particular the development of the {311} growth form. Surface visualization modeling revealed the {311} surface to be much rougher, on the molecular scale, than the other major habit faces, consistent with easier impurity incorporation. Parallel studies of the ...


Enzymatic kinetic resolution of a series of aromatic and aliphatic cyanohydrins in organic media has been investigated. The behavior of potential lipases, molecular sieves, acyl reagent, reaction temperature, and organic solvents on the kinetic resolution was studied. The influence of substrate structure, steric, and electronic nature and position of the aryl substituent on the enantioselectivity was discussed. Under the optimized reaction conditions, good enantioselectivity could be achieved for most of the investigated compounds. Specifically, substrates 1a, 1c, 1d, 1f, 1u could be resolved with the kinetic enantiomer ratio (E) higher than 200.


We develop functional connectivity optical intrinsic signal imaging (fcOIS) for mice, with validation in acollosal mice. FcOIS provides mouse researchers with a method analogous to the new standards in resting state functional human neuroimaging.


Bankruptcies and mergers are the inevitable outcomes of enterprises in market competition.This paper discusses the differences of bankruptcy and mergers between Chinese and foreign enterprises on the basis of law,limits of procedure, effect, intention, history and means of payment. Through analysis, this paper intends to motivate the readers to draw some inspiration from our bankruptcy and mergers of our country.


The electrical properties of Pb(Zn1/3 Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09O3 single crystals over a wide range of frequencies (20 Hz to 2 MHz) and temperature (30 to 490 °C) were studied using impedance spectroscopic technique. A strongly frequency dependant Debye type relaxation process in crystals was observed. The activation energy for relaxation was found to be 1.72 eV. The nature of Cole‐Cole plot reveals the contribution of only grain (bulk) effect in the sample. The temperature dependant conductivity was found to different in different temperature regions, which shows the presence of different carrier for conduction. The activation energy for conduction in the order of 1.69 eV suggested that the conduction process in higher temperature region is governed by the presence of lead vacancy defect in the sample. Further, the negative temperature thermistor behaviour of the system was explored and various associated parameters were calculated. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A previously -reported investi gation1 at RPI developed and utilized a testing technique by means of which the hot-cracking sensitivity of sheet metal composite weld specimens may be evalu ated. Bead-on-plate specimens were com prised of the microsegregation pattern characteristic of both the fusion-zone and heat-affected-zone. Accordingly, the aug mented strain levels required to cause weld metal cracking at elevated tempera tures were sufficient to evaluate both the relative cracking resistance of four labo ratory heats of Hastelloy X and the effect on fusion-zone hot-cracking due to various residual S, Si, and Mn contents. Optical microscopy revealed that mi crocracking was exclusively located at re gions exhibiting segregation of solute. The presence of both etching effects and micron-size particles at subgrain- and grain-boundaries indirectly confirmed the hypothesis that the fusion-zone microseg regation resulted from the solidification process. Heat-affected zone microsegre gation was believed to result from two phenomena: the solid-state reaction be tween the austenitic matrix and the nu merous base-metal carbides, and the grain-coarsening process occurring imme diately adjacent to the nominal fusion- zone boundary. The present investigation involved studies of both the chemistry and the nature of the compounds located within these two regions displaying solute segre gation. These studies were carried out by means of electron microprobe analyses of both fusion-zone subgrain-boundaries and microconstituents, and heat-affected zone carbides and carbide-matrix reaction prod-