Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been proposed to improve hemodynamics in patients with heart failure and left bundle branch block (LBBB) by resynchronization of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. This case report describes a patient with otherwise no structural heart disease in whom exercise-induced, acceleration-dependent LBBB resulted in acute heart failure secondary to induction of LV dyssynchrony and severe mitral regurgitation. CRT successfully prevented the acute consequences of the functional LBBB in this patient and improved functional capacity. These findings suggest that transient rate-related LBBB should be considered in evaluation of patients with heart failure symptoms, with or without apparent heart disease, and the hemodynamic effect of LV dyssynchrony observed; its relationship to symptoms and cardiac function should be evaluated.


The author describes his initial introduction to school board service. The historical context in which the author became a school board member is described as a means of highlighting the challenges that he faced as a new board member as well as the challenges that public education faced in the early and mid 1980s in a southern state. Stories and anecdotes are presented that illustrate the importance of an excellent board-superintendent relationship. The duties and responsibilities of a school board are discussed with an emphasis on the line of demarcation between the duties of a board and those of a superintendent. Suggestions are also o ered regarding strategies for e ectively presiding at a board meeting, including handling executive sessions. Board member ethics are also discussed with examples. note: This module has been peer-reviewed, accepted, and sanctioned by the National Council of the Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) as a scholarly contribution to the knowledge base in educational administration. Becoming a school board member and board president was never on the proverbial radar screen for me when I began my career as a university faculty member and administrator in the early 1980s. In fact, prior to becoming a school board member, I had never attended a school board meeting, knew very little about public school governance and structure, and was blissfully content in my ignorance. That all changed when representatives of a community advocacy group approached me in early spring of 1984 and asked me to run for a vacant trustee position. My initial reaction was, Are you serious? Me? Why me? I know nothing about being a school board member! The representatives did an excellent job of assuring me that my lack of school board experience was not an inherent disadvantage, especially since the position for which I would be running was open. After some pretty heavy lobbying from some very persuasive individuals and reaching an agreement with my wife, I relented in my opposition to being a school board candidate. I led the proper paperwork ∗Version 1.2: Aug 23, 2006 10:18 am -0500 †http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/ http://cnx.org/content/m13819/1.2/ OpenStax-CNX module: m13819 2 and appeared on the ballot as one of two candidates for Place 5 in the 1984 School Board election for the Independent School District Board of Trustees. To my pleasant surprise, I won by 75 votes. My rst foray into public o ce was a success. I accepted both condolences and congratulations from friends. What started out as di dence, fear and trepidation on my part evolved into con dence, commitment, and a strong sense of accomplishment as a member of a team of outstanding board members and extraordinarily talented superintendents. The decade and a half of service to the students, faculty, sta , and taxpayers of the district were challenging; but so were the rewards. Throughout it all, I was able to develop a deeper appreciation for public education and for the tireless work by teachers, sta , and administrators, who are among the most committed group of professionals anywhere. My service on the board began during a time of unprecedented changes and challenges in the State of Texas. Those changes and challenges combined to make the early and mid-1980s a pivotal period for Texas public education. Some of those changes were: • The implementation of a state-wide student testing program that established minimum standards for student achievement • No-Pass/NoPlay, which required students involved in extracurricular activities to meet minimum academic performance standards in order to participate in those activities • A teacher career ladder, appraisal and compensation system that measured teacher performance against a set of competencies that determined teachers' placement on the career ladder and corresponding compensation • Teacher and administrator testing that required all public school teachers and administrators to pass the Texas Examination of Current Administrators and Teachers (TECAT) to demonstrate reading and writing pro ciencies as a condition for maintaining their lifetime certi cation • Establishment of a state board of education to oversee the public education system • Mandatory school board training designed to orient new members and to provide continuing education for experienced board members • The state system of funding public education was successfully challenged by the Mexican-American Legal Defense and Education Fund (MALDEF) and by the Edgewood Independent School District. Property-poor school districts were at a disadvantaged under a state funding system that relied heavily on property taxes. • The oil industry underwent major transitions, resulting in massive unemployment in the petroleum and related industries. In turn, the State realized a drastic reduction in revenues, triggering signi cant decreases in funding for most state agencies. In addition to focusing on these and other state-initiated mandates and issues, my local school board was preoccupied with routine school district business, such as hiring a new superintendent, awarding vendor contracts, and setting tax rates for the upcoming scal year. As a result, board members' collective attention had a dual and sometimes fractured focus on both the state capital, where there were continuing public education mandates emanating from the state legislature and on the local community where the needs and concerns of students, parents, and taxpayers needed addressing. As a novice board member, my focus was not only on local and state-mandated issues, but also on my newly acquired status as a school board trustee. With no frame of reference or history to guide my thoughts, opinions, or decisions, I initially felt like an ill-prepared college freshman cramming for his nal exams. During my rst board meeting, I found it nearly impossible to resist the temptation to ask myself, What have you gotten yourself into? What were you thinking about running for the school board? I remember feeling overwhelmed and utterly useless during my rst study sessions and board meetings listening to terms like M&O, e ective tax rate, and bonded indebtedness. I have a doctorate degree and no doubt had used those were words and letters many times; however, as concepts in school nance and governance, they might as well have been Greek to me. Despite an orientation session with the board president and superintendent, both of whom o ered sensible explanations of these and other school governance terms and concepts, I realized that learning to be a school board member was going to take time and that it would be a marathon and not a sprint. That realization also led me to the conclusion that it takes one or two terms of service to become acclimated to the ever-changing nuances, http://cnx.org/content/m13819/1.2/ OpenStax-CNX module: m13819 3 priorities, and complex details of school board and school district business. I became a quick study, however, and gradually managed to learn enough to contribute intelligently to discussions and decisions dealing with issues of school district governance and nance. Among the early lessons that I learned as a school board member were the duties of a board member. Board members are mandated to hire and supervise superintendents, set tax rates, and establish goals for the district, the primary purpose of which is to contribute to student achievement. Anything beyond these duties borders on meddling and micro-managing, which can irreparably breach the trust relationship among board members and between the board and superintendent. As a team, the board and superintendent must work collaboratively in achieving district goals, while granting maximum respect and deference to the unique but complementary roles of each. To be e ective in their duties, boards have to act boldly yet appropriately while fully embracing their roles as partners and team players in the e ective governance of the school district. Perhaps, none of the board's duties is more important than that of hiring and supervising a superintendent. As the chief instructional and administrative leader of the district, the superintendent is ultimately (but not exclusively) responsible for the success or failure of the district in achieving its goals. That might seem unfair on its face, but no one, including principals, athletic coaches, librarians, counselors, and teachers is held to higher accountability standards than the superintendent. As the leader of the district, the superintendent accepts the notion that accountability begins and ends at the desk of the superintendent, thus making the selection of the superintendent the most important decision the board makes. If the board makes a poor selection, then the board must be held accountable for making a poor selection and for the consequences arising from that selection. If the voters determine that the board is not measuring up to a reasonable standard of accountability, a change in the composition of the board might ensue. One of the most common and egregious mistakes some boards make is to stray into the restricted domain of personnel. Superintendents are responsible for the hiring and ring of district personnel. Indeed, the board is required to approve most of those decisions, but consent should never be confused with dictating to a superintendent who should be transferred, promoted, hired, or red. That was a guiding principle for me as a board member and as board chair. I was very protective of that time-honored line of demarcation between the superintendent's duty to recommend personnel action and the board's duty to approve or disapprove. There is sound logic behind such an arrangement. Board members are members of the lay public, generally with full-time jobs and with very little time or ability to perform the professional activities required to recruit, select, and hire personnel. That is the superintendent's job. Typica


In the process of building socialist new countryside,the CPC members at basic level in Guangxi have adjusted their construction of party organization according to the feature of the new situation.They have accumulated a wealth of experience in designing the party organization,adjusting the function and mechanism of the party organization as well as in coordinating the construction of party organizations in urban and rural areas.They set the party organizations in industrial enterprises and social economic departments;they changed their role to the field of making strategy,promoting coordination and offering service;they improved their working style by offering theological and policy guide to the farmers so as to help the farmers become self-independent;besides,they coordinated the construction of party organization in rural and urban areas to form a phase that'party organization in rural and urban areas are built together,party members organized together and resources shared together.'


Purpose: A colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined as T4 when the tumor directly invades other organs or structures and/or perforates the visceral peritoneum. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a surgical approach and to determine the significant prognostic factors for tumor respectability and survival in patients with advanced T4 CRC. Methods: A total of 61 patients with T4 CRC with adjacent organ adhesion, who received multivisceral resections at Chonnam University Hospital, Korea, between Jan. 1990 and Dec. 2001, were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Cancer invasion to contiguous organs was present in 51 (83.6%) of the 61 patients who received a multivisceral resection and was absent in 10 (16.4%). Postoperative rates of complications and death were 22.9% and 4.9%, respectively, in the 61 patients. Lymph-node (LN) metastases were presented in 25 patients (41.0%). The 5-year survival rate (5 YSR) was 22.2% in patients with LN metastases, but was significantly higher (66.7%) in patients without LN metastases. The 5 YSRs for the 61 patients according to the AJCC cancer stage (TNM classification) were as follows: stage II (66.7%), stage III (46.4%), and stage IV (0%). Conclusion: T4 CRC without distant metastases requires multivisceral en-bloc resection of any organ or structure to which the primary tumor is adhered. The presence of LN metastases at the time of surgery is one of the significant factors with a poor prognosis in T4 CRC.


The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal capital structure based on static trade-off models and to analyze the differences in the capital structure of each industry sector based on Jakarta Stock Industrial Classification (JASICA) of public companies listed  in the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Capital structure is very important for a company, especially in determining financial policy that will have impact on the long-term viability of  the company. However until now there is no single theory that satisfactorily leads to an optimal capital structure concept. Unbalanced panel data from 302 companies in the period from 2000 to 2010 creates 1,955 year company observations. Pooled nonlinear regression is performed on company's market performance variable towards capital structure to find the optimal capital structure for each industry sector. Furthermore, Monte Carlo techniques are used by resampling each industry sector 1,000 times to gain a more refined estimate. The study shows that the real use of long-term debt for nonfinancial corporate sector in Indonesia is lower than the use of equity. Capital structure by industry sector is still not optimal and still has a positive debt capacity. There are 5 of 8 industrial sectors in which the capital structure reach optimal when the amount of long-term debt is equal with the total equity. Keywords: optimal capital structure, company's market performance, long term debt to equity, the classification of industries.


This paper presents the results of a survey carried out in Poland in 2014 among nearly 1500 firms, within the framework of the ECB's Wage Dynamics Network (WDN). It aims at assessing the impact of the global economic and financial crisis on firms' business activity, as well as analysing the way the labour market adjusted to the slowdown and the role institutional reforms played at that time. According to our analysis, the absence of real recession, together with a rapid response of wages at the beginning of the slowdown translated into a relatively mild reduction of employment and a moderate unemployment increase. The shocks in 2009 and 2012 were comparable in terms of their scale. In both cases a drop in demand gradually spilled over to lower customers' ability to pay and to higher uncertainty. However, the shocks hit completely different parts of the economy. While the first shock was observed mainly in export-driven enterprises (industry), the second one was observed mostly in domestic market oriented companies (construction). Moreover, firms in Poland did not experience any additional, major credit constraints during the global financial crisis. The results confirm a relatively high real and nominal wage flexibility and a limited impact of labour market reforms in the period 2009-2013.


Intraocular temperatures were investigated during cryosurgery of the ciliary body in albino rabbit eyes. A significant temperature differential was noted between the temperature of the cryosurgical probe and the temperature within the involved tissue. Attempts were made to relate temperature changes in the ciliary body of these rabbit eyes to the clinical course following cryosurgery for the treatment of glaucoma. The need for −80 C as the optimum operating temperature is further emphasized, and the drastic changes following freezing with lower temperatures are illustrated.


Background: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy, and there is no approved targeted therapy for this disease. Objective: We investigated the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor as targeted therapies for MPM. Method: We examined the therapeutic efficacy of the MEK or PI3K inhibitor against human MPM cell line EHMES-10 both in vitro and orthotopically inoculated into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of these agents were confirmed in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results: MEK or PI3K inhibitor suppressed the growth of MPM model in dose dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, combining MEK inhibitor with PI3K inhibitor resulted in an additive growth inhibitory effect. EHMES-10 cells showed increasing the G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by treatment of MEK or PI3K inhibitor in vitro . Western blot analysis in vitro and in vivo study showed increasing the p27 kip1 and cleaved PARP expression and decreasing the Cyclin E, CyclinD1 and procaspase 3 expressions. In addition, these agents decreased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor, which play an essential role in tumor angiogenesis and progression. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MEK or PI3K inhibitor is a promising therapeutic strategy, and also provide a basis for useful combination of MEK and PI3K inhibitors in patients with MPM.


Transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography revealed a spherical, floating, solid mass, measuring 20 20 25mm, in the left atrium of a 79-year-old woman, attached to the interatrial septum adjacent to the left ventricular outflow tract (Figures 1 and 2, Video 1). Preand intra-operative three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (Figures 2 and 3, Video 2) revealed the exact location of the tumor and dynamic motion during heart action, providing superior information for planning surgical resection, compared to two-dimensional echocardiography. Importantly, a prolapse of the mass into the mitral valve plain as a potential mechanical cause for mitral regurgitation was excluded.


Inaugurated in its capital city of San Jose in 2012, Costa Rica's Chinatown represents the newest addition to a list of over 100 Chinatowns worldwide. Through ethnographic research on the project's construction, public debates, and fall-out, this paper analyzes how municipal efforts to enact urban revitalization were tied to a changing global landscape increasingly defined by China. In particular, I examine how planners, urban citizens, and ethnic Chinese community members use Chinatown as a space in which to debate and deploy competing visions of "the art of being global" based on their diverse valuations of China's significance to national identity and future development. The project's ultimate failure highlights how "world conjuring" efforts of this kind can undermine the multicultural histories and cosmopolitan ties that cities claim as the very source of their global difference and value.


Johannes Cardinal Willebrands (1909-2006) certainly was one of the major players in the turn of the Roman Catholic Church to ecumenism. Through his stimulating role as secretary of the Catholic Conference for Ecumenical Questions (1952-1962), he prepared the ecumenical openness of the bishops of the Second Vatican Council. As secretary of the Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity (1960-1968), and as President of the Secretariat, later Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity (1968-1989), he played a central role in setting up ecumenical structures within the Roman Catholic Church, and starting bilateral dialogues with the churches and ecclesial communities that are not in communion with the Bishop of Rome. On the occasion of the centenary of his birthday (4 September 1909), two symposia were organised in memory of J. Willebrands, in Utrecht and in Rome.The majority of the papers presented at both conferences now become available in this volume. After a biographical introduction (A. Denaux), four contributions pay attention to 'Willebrands' formation and early commitment to ecumenism' (A. Houtepen, T. Merrigan, P. De Mey, T. Salemink). The next part focuses on 'Willebrands and the development of the Catholic view on ecumenism during the Second Vatican Council' (M. Velati, W. Thonissen, J. Wicks). Four contributions of this volume focus on 'Willebrands and ecumenism', commenting both on his relations with the Eastern Christian Churches (M. Van Parys) and with the churches of the West and to the World Council of Churches (J. Radano, W. Henn, G. Gassmann). Willebrands also played an important role in the dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Jewish people. This aspect of his work is highlighted in the next four contributions (M. Lamberigts-L. Declerck, M. Poorthuis, P.F. Fumagalli, J. Banki). The volume closes with Cardinal Kasper's address on the legacy of Cardinal Willebrands and the future of ecumenism, with some witnesses of close friends and collaborators of the cardinal (T. Stransky, P.-W. Scheele), and with a bibliography of Willebrands, provided by the co-founder of the Willebrands Archives and co-organiser of the Utrecht conference, Maria ter Steeg.


We perform molecular dynamics simulation on several relevant biological fibrils associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Aβ40, Aβ42, and α-synuclein systems to obtain a molecular understanding and interpretation of nanomechanical characterization experiments. The computational method is versatile and addresses a new subarea within the mechanical characterization of heterogeneous soft materials. We investigate both the elastic and thermodynamic properties of the biological fibrils in order to substantiate experimental nanomechanical characterization techniques that are quickly developing and reaching dynamic imaging with video rate capabilities. The computational method qualitatively reproduces results of experiments with biological fibrils, validating its use in extrapolation to macroscopic material properties. Our computational techniques can be used for the co-design of new experiments aiming to unveil nanomechanical properties of biological fibrils from a molecular understanding point of view. Our approach allows a comparison of diverse elastic properties based on different deformation, i.e. tensile (YL), shear (S), and indentation (YT). From our analysis, we find a significant elastic anisotropy between axial and transverse directions (i.e. YT > YL) for all systems. Interestingly, our results indicate a higher mechanostability in the case of Aβ42 fibrils than in the case of Aβ40, suggesting a significant correlation between mechanical stability and aggregation propensity (rate) in amyloid systems, that is, the higher the mechanical stability the faster the fibril formation. Finally, we find that α-synuclein fibrils are thermally less stable than β-amyloid fibrils. We anticipate that our molecular-level analysis of the mechanical response under different deformation conditions for the range of fibrils considered here will provide significant insights for the experimental observations. Background Nanomechanical characterization of a single biological fibril is generally a challenge due to the typical thermal motion. Here, we propose a computational protocol that can assist experiment in elucidating the molecular background of the mechanical response in fibrils related to neurodegenerative diseases. Results We performed a systematic comparison of mechanical properties of different biological fibrils involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Our results show a higher mechanocanostability in case of Aβ42 fibrils than in the case of Aβ40. This effect is observed for all different types of mechanical deformation. Moreover, the α-synuclein fibril shows a large anisotropy (i.e. YT > YL) in comparison with β-amyloid fibrils, and it is thermally less stable than β-amyloid fibrils.


Prologue (00.00-5.03) Films Alain Sarde c. 1992 / Vega Film Klimt on the outskirts of town announces in a voiceover the following: When my father's father's father had a difficult task to accomplish, he went to a certain place in the forest, lit a fire, and immersed himself in silent prayer. And what he had to do was done. When my father's father had the same task to accomplish. Credits: Gerard Depardieu / Laurence Masliah 1. D'Apres une legende / After a legend He went to the same place in the forest and said: 'We no longer know how to light the fire, but we still know the prayer;' And what he had to do was done. Later . . . Bernard Verley / Aude Amiot CUT on the image track to two young people sitting by a lake. Someone walks by them as we hear on the soundtrack the names of various actants called out: "Rachel, the adulteress. The Spaniard. The tennis player." Klimt resumes his narration: He too went to the forest and said, 'We no longer know how to light the fire; we no longer know the mysteries of prayer. Be we still know the exact place in the forest where it occurred, and that should do.' And that did do. 2. Helas pour moi / Woe is me Arrival of Klimt in town. Children heard on the soundtrack chanting: "Maman somnambule. Mon papa fait rien. / Mother is dozing. My dad does nothing." He interviews the garage mechanic in the gas station owned by the Donnadieus. Klimt resumes his narration, descending to himself, releasing the narrative. BOOK ONE (5:04-22:11) Tracking shot left displays secondary and tertiary actants and releases this tale. Conversations at Jacques Vache's bookstore. Angelica and her two lovers are introduced. Tracking shot right follows little boy, Madame Monod, Rachel, two students of Madame Monod, and Clemence to the Monods' house. The two students interview Madame Monod on the meaning of "le romanesque" (fiction or the fantastic). Rachel visits with the Pastor Monod. Return to the narrative present as we see Klimt wandering around the dock looking for traces. He tells her to start from the beginning. Flashback to July 22, 1989, not from Rachel's perspective. God and his assistant, Max Mercury, at the train station checking out a young woman named Ondine. Rachel and Simon discuss their garage. Discussion of next-day party with Nelly, Vache, the Monods, and Valles. Return to narrative present. Klimt declaims his name thrice. Klimt interviews middle-aged Swiss couple. The man flips through a porn magazine. AK says that Rachel is forbidden to speak or write about what happened to her. 4. Helas/Woe 5. Pour moi / is me 6. Proposition de cinema / Proposition of cinema 7. A la trace de Dieu / In Search of God 8. La loi du silence / The Law of Silence 9. Tres haut / Very high 10. Ici-bas / Here below 11. Helas pour moi / Woe is me 12. Nous avons ete attendus sur terre / We were expected on earth 13. Maintenant oui, C'est moi qui doit Ceder, c'est la que j'aime / Now yes It is I who must give in That is what I like 14. Que de certaines choses / Only certain things BOOK TWO (22:12-28:12) Flashback to July 22, 1989; evening scene at the Donnadieus' cafe. God and Mercury present. God impatient. Return to narrative present. Klimt at the video store; man obsessed with Angelica says that her image may not be dead. Flashback to July 23, 1989. Rachel crouching on pier notices Max or God watching her. Return to the narrative frame: Klimt in the back of the video store interviews Rachel's girlfriend Nelly Deblue. 15. Book Two BOOK THREE (28:13-33:04) Continuation of Klimt's conversation with Nelly, Stefan, and Benjamin. Nelly prompts the Flashback to July 23,1989: Rachel finishes her swim. When Nelly asks Klimt what his book is exactly he responds: "Neither the content nor the form." Flashback: Simon says he doesn't think he will go with Paul. …


This paper highlights tourism development constraints with regard to religious perceptions in a religion-dominated country, Iran. The ruling class does not want to discount any of the fundamental social and cultural values in the process of preparing strategies for national tourism development plans. Countries such as Iran, concerned about potential negative influences of tourism development, de-emphasize potential positive economic impacts. In post-revolutionary Iran, tourism development and promotion follow unique, religiously-based strategies. The current five-year development plan is a first step towards a transition to the recognition of the importance of tourism for economic development and improved international relations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purification of pigment from lotus receptacle was studied.The characteristics of adsorption and desorption of six kinds of macriporous resins to lotus receptacle pigments were investigated.The purification conditions were studied.The study provided a new source for the extraction of natural pigment and basic theory for the industrial production of this pigment.


1 The possible participation of prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) in the gastric mucosal hyperaemic response to acid back‐diffusion through a disrupted gastric mucosal barrier was examined. The experiments were carried out on anaesthetized rats in which acid back‐diffusion was elicited by gastric perfusion with dilute ethanol in 0.15 m HCl and gastric mucosal blood flow (MBF) was measured by the hydrogen gas clearance technique. 2 Indomethacin (28 μmol kg−1, s.c.), an inhibitor of the formation of cyclo‐oxygenase products including prostacyclin, failed to alter mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), basal MBF and the hyperaemic response to acid back‐diffusion in urethane‐anaesthetized rats. 3 NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME; 13 and 43 μmol kg−1, i.v.), an inhibitor of endothelium‐derived NO formation, increased MAP in a dose‐dependent manner. Whilst basal MBF in urethane‐anaesthetized rats was not changed, the increase in MBF caused by gastric perfusion with dilute ethanol in acid was dose‐dependently depressed by l‐NAME. The loss of H+ ions from the gastric lumen, an indirect measure of acid back‐diffusion, was significantly enhanced by 43 μmol kg−1 l‐NAME. In contrast, d‐NAME (13 and 43 μmol kg−1) was without effect on MAP, basal and stimulated MBF, and acid back‐diffusion. 4 Unlike in urethane‐anaesthetized rats, l‐NAME led to a significant reduction of basal MBF in phenobarbitone‐anaesthetized rats. MAP in the phenobarbitone‐anaesthetized rats was significantly higher than in urethane‐anaesthetized rats, and the hypertensive effect of l‐NAME under phenobarbitone anaesthesia was significantly smaller than under urethane anaesthesia. 5 The rise in MBF brought about by acid back‐diffusion was blocked by l‐NAME administered to phenobarbitone‐anaesthetized rats. Infusion of l‐arginine (120 μmol kg−1 min−1, i.v.) led to a partial, but significant, reversal of the effects of l‐NAME on MAP and the hyperaemia due to acid back‐diffusion. 6 These findings indicate that endothelium‐derived NO plays an important mediator role in the gastric mucosal vasodilatation caused by back‐diffusion whilst vasodilator prostanoids such as prostacyclin are not involved.


Portrait of Dr. Cannon A. Owen, a surgeon and graduate from Oklahoma University, wearing a military uniform. A typed message on the back of the photo says "Colonel Cannon A. Owen, 022688, MC, Chief of General Surgical Services, Brooke Army Medical Center, from Oklahoma City, Okla."


This study examined the comparative impacts of convergent and divergent tasks while employing critical thinking techniques on EFL learners' writing. Accordingly, 60 male and female learners were chosen from a group of 90 learners based on their scores on a sample PET previously piloted in one of Tehran's language schools. The learners were then randomly put into two experimental groups: 30 learners undergoing convergent tasks and 30 learners receiving divergent tasks. Both groups were exposed to critical thinking techniques. After the treatment, a sample PET writing section was administered as the posttest to both groups with their mean scores being compared; the results showed that neither group outperformed the other significantly. This result probably indicates that the critical thinking instruction was more of an influential factor compared to the variability of convergent and divergent tasks, thereby consolidating further the notion that critical thinking instruction is a highly influential factor in ELT.


In modern power electronic systems high switching frequencies are implemented to increase the power of density, but electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filtering components are responsible for a large number to the occupation of the power system. In a world where space gets expensive, the volumetric reduction of the components in EMC filters are of great importance, aiming for reduced dimensions. The main goal of the paper is to design a simulation of filter up to 5 kHz to meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility and EMC harmonics through which, the current sensor of the EMC has a lower measurement mistake.


A feature of the modern global economy is an ever-increasing amount of transnational litigation. If a stable, harmonious system of international legal order is to be nurtured, the courts that entertain these lawsuits must consider a range of foreign policy factors not present in purely domestic litigation. The state and federal judiciary in the United States, however, has not been sufficiently sensitive to the international implications of cases involving foreign transactions, incidents, or litigants. First, varying judicial approaches to dealing with such cases have prevented the United States from speaking with a single, consistent voice on the issues raised in transnational litigation. Second, the United States has been guilty of serious breaches of the comity of nations when its courts have engaged in ad hoc decisionmaking in international cases that unnecessarily frustrates the policies, offends the sovereignty, and disparages the legal systems of other nations. In response to these problems, this article proposes a coherent, principled approach to handling the important jurisdictional issues that arise in transnational cases. Part 1 looks at the current state of the law of jurisdiction in international litigation. Part 2 examines the flaws in current law, focusing on its adverse impact on the foreign policy of the United States. Finally, Part 3 suggests a new approach to resolving jurisdictional questions in transnational cases, outlining a framework based on explicit judicial consideration of the foreign policy implications of alternative jurisdictional decisions.


Elemental Chlorine Free (ECF) bleaching sequence of O1/O2D0EOPD1D2 was adopted to bleach the pro-hydrolyzed Larix kraft pulp, where O1/O2 was two-stage oxygen delignification without interstage treatment, D was chlorine dioxide bleaching, EOP was pressurized alkaline extraction strengthened by hydrogen peroxide. Keeping bleaching temperature and time unchanged, sodium hydroxide charge(NaOH) in O1 stage, chlorine dioxide(ClO2) charge in D0 stage and D2 stage were studied, pulp properties such as brightness, kappa number, alpha-cellulose, pentosan and polymerization degree were measured and compared to establish optimal bleaching conditions. Results show that the optimal charge of NaOH in O1 stage is 2.5%, ClO2 in D0 and D2 stage are 2.5%, 0.6%, and the pulp gained at the optimal bleaching conditions has the properties of 93.9% of alpha-cellulose, 2.60% of pentosan, 375.5 ml/g of viscosity and 86.6%ISO of brightness.


A novel and universal audience rating system based on TV audio features is introduced. In this system, the audio signal is sampled from the audio outlet of TV set and high compressed into a specific spectrum features packages. The packaged audio features are high robustness for different types of television sets and sound volumes, and have no disturbance of surroundings. In the channel audio retrieval method, feature vector correlation analysis and pattern matching are adopted successively. The simulation test results show that the TV channel recognition rate is above 93%, and other sounds from non-TV channels can be detected reliably.


ABSTRACT A numerical scheme for simulating multi-species shock accelerated flows using lattice Boltzmann approach has been proposed. It uses the moment conservation approach of Yang, Shu, and Wu and extends it to multi-species fluid problems. The multi-species method of Wang et al. has been modified by use of a predictor–corrector approach. This has helped in preventing the pressure oscillations while handling multi-species. Simulation of 2D shock cylinder interaction with this solver has shown good agreement with the experimental data and could capture material discontinuity and unsteady shocks. The simulation of a single mode Richtmyer–Meshkov instability showed that the solver is able to capture the development of spike and bubble as per the experimental findings of Aure and Jacobs. The dissipation in the proposed scheme was further reduced by the use of fifth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO). Validated with multiple problems, this method has been found to capture shock instability with good accuracy with a check on pressure oscillations.


According to the present invention, the thermoplastic elastomer (a), the photopolymerizable unsaturated monomer (b), and a photopolymerization initiator of a photosensitive resin composition containing (c) obtained by photocuring, the non in the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement using a resonant forced stretch vibration type device, provides flexographic printing plate and a photosensitive resin composition for use therein that the loss tangent at 500 Hz (tan [delta) contains a photocured product is 0.3 or more It is.


We consider the influence of one of the classical cognitive heuristics – the framing effect – on the motivation among patients to get a medical check-up. The authors conducted a study on a sample of 96 patients divided into 3 groups. Each group was offered motivational texts with different frames: negative, neutral and positive. The research discusses how framing can influence patients' motivation to take care of their own health and adherence to medical examinations. The framing effect depends on the choice of words, intonation, context or emphasis on certain aspects that can create an emotional reaction in the audience. The text with a negative frame containing threats and requiring an urgent examination caused fear and anxiety in patients; this could lead to the rejection of preventive measures. At the same time, the research proves that text with a positive frame emphasizing the importance of trusting doctors and regular check-ups motivated patients to follow disease prevention recommendations. The framing effect itself and using more rational decision-making methods in medical practice can motivate the population to take care of their own health.


Maria Psarrou, Maria Schilstra, Neil Davey, Benjamin Torben-Nielsen, and Volker Steuber,'Input-location dependent gain modulation in cerebellar nucleus neurons', paper presented at the 25th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS-2016, Seogwipo City, Jeju-do, South Korea, 2–7 July 2016. Abstracts have been published in BMC Neuroscience, Vol 17(Suppl 1): 07, August 18, 2016, doi: 10.1186/s12868-016-0283-6. © 2016 The Author(s). This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/ publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


Introduction: Distal radius is one of the common fracture sites of the human skeleton. Dorsally displaced distal radius fractures (DRFs) are the most common type of DRF. Materials and Methods: Two matched cohorts of 20 matched patients, one with a displaced dorsal rim fracture >2 mm (Group 1), and the other without a dorsal rim fracture (Group 2) were analyzed in this study with volar variable angle locking compression plate fixation for dorsally unstable DRFs. Results: No significant difference was found between the two groups in overall wrist function or wrist pain. The mean displacement of dorsal rims in Group 1 was 3.0 mm and the mean diameter of the retained articular portion of the dorsal articular wall was 2.0 mm. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of any radiographic parameters or the arthritic grading of radiocarpal joints. Conclusion: These results suggest that a displaced dorsal rim fracture does not adversely affect the outcomes after the volar variable angle locking compression plate fixation of a dorsally displaced DRF, indicating that an additional dorsal approach is unnecessary for reducing a displaced dorsal rim fracture.


Pathological inflamatory condition that often complained and neglected in Indonesian is periodontal disease . The main ethiology of periodontitis is dental plaque. Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria which contained in dental plaque. Increase in P. gingivalis colony will escalate damage in periodontal tissues. One of the alternative to control microorganism growth is by antibacterial agents in cherry leaf based material which contain flavonoids, saponins and tannins as active subtance. Objective : The aim of this study  was to determine the effect of cherry leaf extract to P. gingivalis growth and to determine the maximum concentration in inhibiting the growth of P. gingivalis. Methods: This research used experimental laboratories methods with the post test only control group design. This research used well diffusion with 8 samples of each group. BHI-A was filled into petridish and inoculated by P. gingivalis. The holes was made 5 mm diameter and was filled 20μl cherry leaf extract concentration 100%, 50%, 25%, 12,5%, 6,25%, aquadest steril (K-) and Chlorhexidine (K+). Petridish was placed in desicator and incubator at 37 0 C for 24 hours. Zone of inhibition were measured by using digital caliper. Result and Conclusion: Cherry leaf extract contain antibacterial effect which can inhibit P. gingivalis increase in number with maximum concentration of 100%.


We study coherent η-photoproduction from nuclei in a relativistic impulse approximation approach. For the elementary production amplitude we use a standard relativistic parameterization based on a set of four Lorentz-and gauge-invariant amplitudes. The photonuclear amplitude is evaluated without recourse to a nonrelativistic reduction; the full relativistic structure of the amplitude is maintained. On general arguments we show that the coherent process is sensitive to only one of the elementary amplitudes. Moreover, we show that the nuclear structure information is fully contained in the ground-state tensor density. The tensor density is evaluated in a mean-field approximation to the Walecka model and it is shown to be sensitive to relativistic effects. Distortion effects are incorporated through an η-nucleus optical potential that is computed in a simple " tρ " approximation.


OBJECTIVE
Aetiology of mediastinal adenopathy is likely to vary with geographic location and socioeconomic status of a population. Whilst most of adenopathy in the West could be attributed to malignant disorders, causes of the same in a developing country like India has not been extensively studied earlier due to lack of less invasive tools to sample these nodes for cytological and microbiological analysis. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) helps us reach these nodes as a minimally invasive procedure to take aspirations under real-time ultrasound guidance. The aim of the present study is to study the aetiology of mediastinal adenopathy in our population with the help of EBUS.

METHODS
This was a retrospective analysis of all EBUS procedures done by the authors and the diagnosis thus obtained at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India between April 2010 and December 2011.

RESULTS
A total of 300 patients underwent EBUS in the above period. Most common aetiology encountered in our population was a granulomatous disorder (53% cases) like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis whilst malignancy was third in order of diagnosis (17% cases). Lymph node enlargement due to anthracosis was another uncommon aetiology encountered in the study (5% cases).

CONCLUSIONS
Benign granulomatous disorders like tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are the most common causes of mediastinal adenopathy in our population. EBUS is proving its worth for diagnosing mediastinal adenopathy.


This final issue of 2019 marks the end of the first quarter century of the journal and the first year of quarterly issues, which has seen three essays, four editorials, ten book reviews and ninetee...


The invention discloses a precise bamboo rib grinding system with a bamboo residue recycling device, and belongs to the field of folding fan manufacturing equipment. The precise bamboo rib grinding system is characterized by comprising a clamping fixing device, a circular angle grinding device, a precise feeding device and a bamboo residue collecting and recycling device. According to the precise feeding device, a feeding motor is utilized for driving a rotating thread insert to rotate, so that a main rod arranged in the rotating thread insert in a sleeved manner is made to move up and down, and then two connecting rods are made to drive two rollers to conduct separation and integration motion along sliding rails; when the two rollers get close to each other, feeding is completed; and when the two rollers get away from each other, discharging is completed. The rotating speed and the rotating direction of the feeding motor can be controlled by a controller, and then the feeding and discharging motions in the bamboo rib grinding process is precisely controlled. The precise bamboo rib grinding system is used for conducting circular angle grinding pretreatment on a bamboo rib adopted when a folding fan is manufactured, broken bamboo residues generated in the grinding process are collected and synchronously machined into bamboo charcoal packages, residue conversion and application can be achieved, and resource utilization can be more sufficient.


The research objective is to study the epidemiological situation on tuberculosis (TB) in the Republic of Crimea (RC) on the basis of territorial differentiation of TB morbidity and mortality trend number of RC territories can testify to problems in the work of Phthisiology service that required further analysis for correction management decisions.


Modern cell phones are used in a wide variety of applications. This paper presents a lossless image compression algorithm for remote desktop systems. The algorithm is simple, efficient and suitable for using in cell phones. It uses two particular features of images generated by most applications running in windows environment: a large amount of rectangular areas with the same color and relatively a small amount of colors used at the same time.


The key techniques involved in the process of moving object detection and tracking for intelligent video surveillance including object extraction,shadow detection,object segmentation and object tracking are introduced.The principles and implementation methods of them are analyzed and summarized,as well as their properties,existing problems and solutions are presented.


The first vessel 27 and second vessel 51 end against the side anastomosis operation between the first vessel 27, the tube (20 which is inserted and turned over at the ends of the tube 20 to form a collar (28) ), and while receiving the elastic bending forces is achieved by using a anastomotic surgical anastomosis apparatus provided with a fitting 30 having already spike 32 of the outwardly disposed within a circumferential groove (22). The tube 20 ensures that the contact with the second blood vessel 51 is inserted into the machine the cut incision in the guide member 35 has a wall region (53) is an inverted collar (28). Then, the ejector 23 includes the fitting 30 is free from the groove 22 and operative to quickly inflated by releasing the fitting, and thus the spike 32 through the collar 28 and the wall region 53 . Finally, the tube 20 and the ejector 23 is removed, the first blood vessel 27 to be not so how the guide member 35 that has already been folded over is shown to be removed are also removed.


[1] A simple radiative transfer model, new estimates of the imaginary part of ice's refractive index k, and color matching functions are used to simulate colors, as seen by humans, in holes made in snowpacks. This study was inspired by recent photographs, made under overcast skies, that show a dramatic contrast between the lack-lustre, near-gray of holes made in a midlatitude snowpack and the vivid blue of snow holes at the South Pole. While this phenomenon has been studied before, new values of k, which are 1–2 orders of magnitude smaller than the old ones in the violet-blue region, lead to simulated sRGB color profiles that resemble closely the color photographs. Basically, colors are governed by the dependence of snow grain single-scattering albedo on snow grain size, spectrally varying k, and the number of times photons are scattered by snow grains. It is demonstrated that profiles of upwelling fluxes within a pure snowpack at wavelengths near 0.75 μm can be used to estimate profiles of effective grain size in the uppermost 20–30 cm.


Tuberculosis (TB) is a slowly progressive chronic, granulomatous infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This acid-fast bacillus usually affects the lungs, but can also affect other organs and systems like the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal system, musculoskeletal system, genitourinary tract, central nervous system, skin, and eyes. Epidemiologic data for ocular TB are unreliable. This is because of the lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, and the difficulty in confirming the diagnosis by laboratory methods. Among all causes of uveitis, the incidence of ocular TB ranges from as low as 1.1% to as high as 10.5%. In a series of 351 patients admitted to King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with the diagnosis of panuveitis or posterior uveitis, 28.2% of the patients were diagnosed to have presumed tuberculous uveitis.


Thin X-ray filaments are observed in the vicinity of young supernova remnants (SNR) blast waves. Identifying processes involved in the creation of such filaments would provide a direct insight of particle acceleration occurring within SNR, in particular regarding the cosmic ray yield issue. Aims. The present article investigates magnetic amplification in the upstream medium of SNR blast wave through both resonant and non-resonant regimes of the streaming instability. It aims at a better understanding of the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) efficiency considering various relaxation processes of the magnetic fluctuations in the downstream medium. Multi-wavelength radiative signatures coming from the SNR shock wave are used in order to put to the test the different downstream turbulence relaxation models. Methods. Analytical and numerical calculations coupling stochastic differential equation schemes with 1D spherical magnetohydrodynamics simulations are used to investigate, in the context of test particles, the issues regarding the turbulence evolution in both the forshock and post-shock regions. Stochastic second order Fermi acceleration induced by resonant modes, magnetic field relaxation and amplification, turbulence compression at the shock front, are considered to model the multi-wavelength filaments produced in SNRs. -ray emission is also considered through the Inverse Compton mechanism. Results. We confirm the result of Parizot et al (2006) that the maximum CR energies should not go well beyond PeV energies in young SNRs where X-ray filaments are observed. In order to match observational data, we derive an upper limit on the magnetic field amplitude insuring that stochastic particle reacceleration remain inefficient. Considering then, various magnetic relaxation processes, we present two necessary conditions to achieve efficient acceleration and X-ray filaments in SNRs: 1/the turbulence must fulfil the inequality 2 − − d 0 where is the turbulence spectral index while d is the relaxation length energy power-law index; 2/the typical relaxation length has to be of the order the X-ray rim size. We identify that Alv'enic/fast magnetosonic mode damping does fulfil all conditions while non-linear Kolmogorov damping does not. Confronting previous relaxation processes to observational data, we deduct that among our SNR sample, the older ones (SN1006 and G347.3-0.5) fail to verify all conditions which means that their X-ray filaments are likely controlled by radiative losses. The younger SNRs, Cassiopeia A, Tycho and Kepler, do pass all tests and we infer that the downstream magnetic field amplitude is lying in the range of 200-300 μ Gauss


The nature of mental representation of the self has been addressed extensively by philosophers and psychologists. Cross-cultural psychological research has shown evidence for Western/East Asian cultural differences in self-construals. Recent brain imaging studies have explored neural correlates of self-related processing and have found evidence for neural mechanisms of self-representation that are sensitive to cultures. This paper reviews recent brain imaging findings of Western/East Asian cultural differences in neural substrates underlying self-representation in the perceptual and mental domains. The studies using transcultural and cultural priming imaging have led to the development of cultural neuroscience.


A comparative assessment of the rehabilitation status of irrigated lands, which are located in different natural areas of the Volgograd Oblast, is presented for 2001–2018. It was found that during the specified period there were recorded significant changes in the condition of irrigated lands: the total irrigation area has dramatically decreased since 2001 (-31%), especially at local runoff (-44.5%), the groundwater level has decreased (the level >5 m remains on 78% of the area). Also on this background, the areas of secondary salinized soils were also decreased (-3.9%). The main problems at the present are: the presence of fallow lands and rain-fed lands initially cultivated for irrigation, the lack of drainage on the most of irrigation systems and significant areas of saline soils requiring rehabilitation. Differences in natural conditions have largely determined the current rehabilitation state of irrigated soils and the intensity of their changes. Thus, the largest areas of secondary saline soils are preserved on irrigation systems located on the initially highly saline, poorly drained soils of the Khvalyn clay plain (Pallasovka, Svetloyarsk irrigation systems). Reconstruction of a number of irrigation systems with areas of secondary saline soils gave a positive result, after which secondary saline soils on reclaimed lands were not detected (Large Volgograd, Tyazhin irrigation systems). Significant areas of saline soils can be found on irrigated lands in the distribution areas of natural saline soils and chestnut, light chestnut saline soils – in the south of the Volga Upland, in the area of the Northern Yergeni and on the Khvalyn clay plain (Gorodishуsche, Generalovskoye, Pallasovka, etc. irrigation systems). Inherent research on the Volga-Don irrigation system with the involvement of remote sensing data has shown that this system reflects the general features of the modern rehabilitation condition of irrigated lands of the Volgograd Oblast – fallow lands, lack of drainage, and widespread saline soils are specific for this area. The use of high-resolution multispectral satellite images (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2) for the purposes of detection of fallow and irrigated lands in the current season demonstrates the possibility of clarifying information on this category of land. The determination of the distribution of salinized and solonetzic soils on irrigated lands of the Volgograd Oblast by remote methods can be carried out indirectly, i. e. according to the state of vegetation: when areas of sparse vegetation cover are being identified on images, targeted routes for soil surveys and soil sampling are selected.


Background: Small Intestine mucosal integrity, function and barrier are defective after severe burn and because of the bacterial translocation it will end up to sepsis and death. Due to positive effects of L-arginine in wound healing during burns, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of L-arginine to prevent the morphometric changes in small intestine of burned rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four mature male rats weighting 250-270g have used in three groups. control group (n=8), burned group (n=8) and burn with L-arginine (100 mg/kg intra peritoneal on 1, 3 and 5 days after burn). For burning induction, after general anesthesia and shaving, a selected area of the back region (5×3.5cm) was exposed to boiling water for 8 seconds in order to produce the wet burns. On the 7th day after burn specimens from the first part of small intestine were obtained. After fixation and staining the samples with Hematoxiline and Eosin villi height, small intestine diameter and its lumen diameter, muscular layer thickness, and crypt depth were measured. Results: Villi height, crypt depth of small intestine mucosal was significantly decreased in burned group compared with other groups. The structure of the small intestine in L-arginine group was similar to control (normal) group. Conclusion: The results showed that L-arginine prevented from villi atrophy and also morphometric changes of small intestine mucosal and prevented pathological changes during burn.


This dissertation examines the extent to which chief executive officers (CEOs) in academic and research libraries are involving their top management team (TMT) members in strategic decision making that affects organizational performance, and, the extent to which this involvement is preparing top managers to assume leadership positions as CEOs. This is a critically important question because the current leadership in libraries is ageing out and unless knowledge, skill and ability transfer is taking place within today's academic and research library environment, the next generation of leaders will be at risk of losing the opportunity to incorporate the cumulative knowledge and experience of their predecessors into their leadership portfolios. Strategic decision-making is one of the most important aspects of a top executive's job. To better understand the dynamics taking place within top management teams that influence strategic decision-making, and top managers' roles in strategic decision making processes in libraries, 34 top managers and their CEOs from academic libraries were interviewed on the dynamics surrounding strategic decision making in their organizations. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with participants. The results shed considerable light on the richly nuanced relationships that top managers have with one another and with the CEO and how these relations impact strategic decision-making. The study also revealed demographic characteristics of top managers that are related to strategic decision making within the TMT. Key strategic decisions that TMT members were involved in and their role in the decisions were examined in relation to the strategic issues that CEOs pointed to as important. A comparison of these citations revealed a series of variables that influenced co-citation of strategic issues by both CEOs and TMT members.


The genus Dendrerpeton was established by Owen on the evidence of remains found by Sir C. Lyell and the writer in an erect tree at the South Joggins in Nova Scotia in 1852. Other specimens were afterwards obtained, and the most complete, presented by me to the Cabinet of the Geological Society, was found in 1861, and described in my "Airbreathers of the Coal Period." These remains rendered it certain that the animal belongs to the order Labyrinthodontia, and it is regarded by Lydekker as the type of a family in that group.


Stability assessment of three-phase AC distributed power systems can be carried out using d-q impedance and admittance models of the load and source subsystems. To do so, an impedance identification technique of three-phase voltage source inverters, based on the transient response to reactive and active power steps, have been recently reported. However, in the reported work, no method to evaluate the accuracy of the identification results, in frequency domain, has been described. In this paper, a method to determine the bandwidth where the model can be confidently identified, as well as the identification accuracy within such a bandwidth, is proposed. This method is based on a spectral analysis of the transient waveforms. It is illustrated and discussed using a simulation case study.


Job satisfaction is essential for the efficient performance in an organization. It is very much in-evitable in-service oriented professions such as library. Women have traditionally made up the majority of library profession. India is rich in both natural resources and human power and has fastest growing economies in the world, but the employees in organization of India are not completely satisfied with their job. In India, very few research works have been carried out on job satisfaction of library professionals so far. Hence this study is to examine the gender differences in the job satisfaction level among library professionals of various universities in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu state and to ascertain influential factors. Major findings and implications of this study is summarized as follows. First, this study found that various factors such as decision making, library infrastructure and collection development, nature of service, salary, and job challenge influence job satisfaction. Second, this study found that most of the respondents have job satisfaction in all other dimensions except their salary and job challenge. Third, this study revealed that, though female library professional enjoys their job than their male counterparts, in-equality exists in salary, opportunities for promotion, adequate training after joining the job. This study had made important contributions to the literature on gender in-equality, as well as steps to improve job satisfaction of library professionals.


Nowadays, skin cancer is considered one of the most common malignancies in the Caucasian population, thus

it is crucial to develop methodologies to prevent it. Because of that, Mobile Teledermatology (MT) is thriving,

allowing patients to adopt an active role in their health status while facilitating doctors to early diagnose skin

cancers. Skin lesion segmentation is one of the most important and difficult task in computerized image

analysis process, and so far the attention is mainly turned to dermoscopic images. In order to turn MT more

accurate, it is therefore fundamental to develop simple segmentation methodologies specifically designed for

macroscopic images or images acquired via smartphones, which is the main focus of this work. The proposed

method was applied in 80 images acquired via smartphones and promising results have been achieved: a mean

Jaccard index of 81%, mean True Detection Rate of 96% and mean Accuracy around 98%. The major goal of

this work is to develop a mobile application easily accessible for the general population, with the aim of raise

awareness and help both patients and doctors in the early diagnosis of skin cancers.


The time evolution of the atomic and field squeezing parameters in the many-atom Jaynes-Cummings model is investigated within and without the rotating-wave approximation. Moreover, in the single-atom case the influence of the cavity losses is examined as well.


Index System for University Teachers Based on Modern Education Xuelian Lu Tonghua Normal University, College of Education Science, Jilin Province, Tonghua City, 134002, China. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Teachers are the core resources of education, and teachers' abilities directly affect the quality of talent cultivation in universities. With the characteristics of open and innovative lifelong education, modern education has put forward new requirements for the ability of university teachers. The core competence construction of University Teachers based on modern education should cover six major competencies, namely, teaching leadership, organizational management, learning and innovation, collaboration and cooperation, honesty and self-discipline, physical and mental adaptability. The evaluation index of teachers' ability should be constructed to define the basic quality of teaching and management that teachers should possess and the basic level to achieve, so that teachers are worthy of the great trust of devoting themselves into improving the quality of talent cultivation.


Sir,

We read with interest the article in the April 2004 issue by Chauhan et al[1][1] entitled 'Computer-assisted knee arthroplasty versus a conventional jig-based technique'. While we commend the authors on their study design, we would urge caution when recommending such an expensive system


The invention provides a remote checking and monitoring system for electrical energy measuring instrument, the system is composed of a local unit, a local computer, a remote computer; a local display unit and a remote communication unit are connected with a microprocessor unit; the local computer and the remote computer are connected with the remote communication unit; the secondary voltage of a voltage transformer and the secondary current of a current transformer are connected with a checked ammeter and a standard ammeter in the local unit at a same time. The invention has the advantages that: firstly, an omni-bearing test for the whole electrical energy measuring system can be realized; secondly, a real-time on-line test for the electrical energy measuring system is realized; thirdly, the invention is provided with a remote communication function; fourthly, the invention can be interfaced with electrical energy measuring instruments of different types and from different factories; fifthly, the problems existing in the electrical energy measuring work of electrical customers can be accurately grasped.


400/sup 0/F+ SRC-II oil derived from Pittsburgh Seam coal was hydrotreated to provide DOE samples for subsequent biological testing at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Samples containing about 500 ppM nitrogen, 2000 ppM nitrogen, and 5000 ppM nitrogen were prepared. These samples do not represent finished products, but conditions were selected to provide a wide range of processing severities. The feedstock was somewhat higher boiling and more difficult to hydrotreat than another 400/sup 0/F+ SRC-II oil studied previously.


Electrical breakdown of polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) films, one of the high-temperature engineering plastics, has been investigated. The results show that the dc breakdown strength is lower than the impulse one, and that the difference in electric strength between dc and impulse becomes wider as the sample thickness decreases. The result suggests space-charge accumulation when dc voltage is applied.

Further, the impulse breakdown strength in the presence of a dc prestressing voltage is measured in order to elucidate the space-charge effect. The data on the contribution of the prestress voltage to electrical breakdown are used to estimate the amount of space charge accumulated in the specimen during the dc prestressing.


The autor analyzes the principles established by case law on the employers liability; he also examines the consequences of damages caused by the tort of the employee to the employer


Severe carotid stenosis is a common cause of stroke. In addition, previous clinical studies revealed that patients symptomatic of carotid stenosis suffer from increased episodes of stroke compared with their asymptomatic counterparts. However, the mechanism underlying these differences in the recurrence of stroke remains unclear.


Combined with the actual conditions in China,from creative agriculture basic theory,this paper discusses creative agriculture is a development trend of modern agriculture,accord with economic and social development and the needs of the development of modern agriculture is a breakthrough to solve the Three Rural issues,it is the motive power for modern agricultural development,and the content shortcuts to improve the people's living level and rich people's life.


Electric (E) fields are commonly employed to control magnetization in some classes of materials such as multiferroics. However, the extreme confinement of the electric field, for instance under the tip of a scanning tunnel microscope, makes it an ideal tool to manipulate individual spins, generating interest in spins as potential quantum bits. Spins are in fact intrinsic quantum systems that can be manipulated easily by means of pulses of electromagnetic microwaves, as commonly done in magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Although the coupling usually involves the magnetic field of microwaves, the first experiments with E-field pulses date back to the 1970s whenMims investigated the symmetry of the lanthanide ion coordination environment [1]. A linear effect is characteristic of an acentric environment. Renewed interest in spin-electric coupling is motivated by recent advances in scanning probe spectroscopies able to perform single atom CW [2] and pulsed [3] EPR spectroscopy.These exceptional tools make possible the optimization of spin-electric coupling in the qubit and exploration of the potential for gate control. In this respect, ensemble measurements (diluted single crystals or frozen solutions) provide an immense playground. Excluding rare exceptions, spin-electric coupling is enhanced by spin-orbit coupling. Lanthanide-based materials with the orbitally unquenched contribution of 4f electrons are promising candidates. Liu Z et al. recently coordinated a pulsed EPR study on Ce3+ ions (f1, S = 1/2 and J = 5/2 but with a well isolated ground doublet) diluted in a polar diamagnetic crystal of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), as shown in Fig. 1 [4].The standard π/2 − t − π Hahn sequence generating an echo was modified by insertionof anE-field pulse.TheHahnecho


D.H.Lawrence uses some linguistic features to describe the natural environment and the hurnanity that are corrupted by the industrialization in the opening paragraphs.


The article is devoted to the problem of implementing forms of remote interaction with the judicial system. The article also considers the possibility of functioning of the judicial system in the current unfavourable epidemiological situation and quarantine measures being carried out in the country. The author analyzes the problems and prospects of remote interaction of the court with the participants in the process, as well as the problems of their application in conditions of insufficient legal regulation. There are 3 main forms of remote interaction with courts: submission of documents, which is more focused on professional participants in the process; familiarization with the materials of the case, which is implemented electronically only in the arbitration process and only in cases considered in summary proceedings; remote participation in the consideration of a case, which at the moment is practically not implemented due to the lack of proper legal regulation. A comparative analysis of foreign judicial practice and legal norms governing remote interaction with judicial authorities with the established practice of the judicial system of the Russian Federation was carried out. In conclusion, the author concluded the study.


East African papyrus swamps and their connected streams are characterized by a very steep gradient of dissolved oxygen (DO) ranging from extremely hypoxic swamp waters to well-oxygenated stream habitats. These connected ecotypes host morphologically and physiologically distinct phenotypes of the cyprinid fish Barbus neumayeri. Notably, low-DO populations are characterized by much larger gills and higher hematocrit that are likely to facilitate oxygen uptake in hypoxic waters. Metrics of genetic structure in this species indicate higher gene flow within than between DO regimes, suggesting that migrants crossing the oxygen gradient have reduced fitness. Despite this evidence for local adaptation in divergent DO environments, the fitness consequences of phenotypic divergence are unknown and led to the current goal of documenting fitness-related traits in a high- and low-DO population of B. neumayeri that are connected geographically. In this study, I used an intensive mark and recapture study to document natural growth rate, body condition, length, viability, and movement of B. neumayeri within and across DO regimes, and collections of mature females to estimate reproductive traits (gonad size, egg size, and fecundity). I tested for (1) phenotypic divergence in fitness-related traits between high- and low-DO phenotypes, and (2) evidence for movement between low- and high-DO habitats. Results indicated lower condition, survival, and reproductive investment in swamp-dwelling (low DO) fish, which is consistent with predictions based on physiological costs of hypoxic habitats. However, I found equivalent growth rates of populations in their natural habitats, suggesting that some of these costs are compensated for by other ecological advantages of the swamp. Finding very few non-local fish (migrants), I draw inferences regarding the potential for local adaptation in the system. %%%%Les marais a papyrus d'Afrique de l'Est et les ruisseaux qui y sont connectes sont caracterises par un fort gradient d'oxygene dissous (OD) s'etendant des marais hypoxiques aux ruisseaux bien oxygenes. Ces habitats connectes abritent des phenotypes distincts sur les plans morphologique et physiologique du cyprin Barbus neumayeri. Notamment, les populations provenant d'habitats faiblement oxygenes sont caracterisees par de plus grandes branchies et de plus hauts niveaux d'hematocrite qui devraient faciliter l'obtention d'oxygene dans les eaux hypoxiques. Des mesures de la structure genetique chez cette espece ont indique un plus grand flux genique entre des habitats ayant des niveaux d'OD similaires qu'entre des habitats ayant des niveaux d'OD differents, suggerant que les individus traversant le gradient d'oxygene subissent une reduction de leur valeur selective. Malgre ces observations suggerant que l'adaptation locale favorise la divergence de ces populations, les consequences de la divergence phenotypique sur la valeur selective des individus ne sont pas connues. Cela a fait naitre l'objectif de documenter les traits relies a la valeur…


: This work aims to analyze the hydraulic performance and characteristics of a radial flow centrifugal pump using ANSYS CFX (ver.13.0). A centrifugal radial flow pump has been designed to deliver 0.0074 m3/s of water with a head of 30 m running at a speed of 2870 rpm. The centrifugal radial flow pump has been modeled using PTC Creo (ver. 2.0). Computation fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to analyze the flow characteristics. The performance of the pump was first determined using the existing thickness of blade as well as inlet blade angle and then, the thickness of blades as well as inlet blade angles have been varied to analyze the pump's performance. The results show that for an initial 10mm blade thickness, the efficiency of the pump was 83.00%. However, the efficiency of pump increased by 3.22% for the optimized 5mm blade thickness & 22° inlet blade angle.


@christyirish1 attendance of task forces calculated to account for 13.65% of one's tenure file rating; unless, as stated on page 453 section 139


The article raises a less noticeable problem, which, however, has permanent law enforcement relevance. Since the effectiveness of law is the most productive opportunity to influence the processes in society at the lowest cost, the costs of court proceedings should be optimal. In this regard, the institution of procedural costs is an effective means of achieving the goals of criminal proceedings and, at the same time, a guarantor of the rights and procedural capabilities of its participants. The article analyzes the international experience, as well as theoretical and legislative proposals for improving this institution of criminal justice, based on which certain directions of its optimization are determined. The author concludes about the need for further search for the most effective functioning of the institution of procedural costs.


Protein crystallization remains a serious bottleneck to structure determination by X-ray diffraction methods. Compounds acting as "molecular glue" provide a promising strategy to overcome this bottleneck. Such molecules interact via noncovalent bonds with two or more protein surfaces to promote lattice formation. Here, we report a 1.5 A resolution crystal structure of lysine-rich cytochrome c complexed with p-phosphonatomethyl-calix[4]arene (pmclx4). Evidence for complex formation in solution was provided by NMR studies. Similar to p-sulfonato-calix[4]arene (sclx4), the cavity of pmclx4 entrapped a single lysine side chain. Interesting features of protein recognition by the phosphonate substituents were identified in the crystal structure. A new calixarene binding site was identified at Lys54. The electron density at this site indicated two distinct calixarene conformers, suggesting a degree of ligand mobility. The role of pmclx4 in protein crystal packing (molecular glue and patchy particle model) as wel...


Due to busy modern lifestyles, the emotional distance between people has widened. Some people are unable to broaden their social circles or meet new people of the opposite sex because of their environment or work, so they seek non-traditional methods to meet new people. One of these methods is the use of the Internet. Match making on online dating sites and getting involved in dating service have become quite popular these days. The study is conducted with online questionnaires; out of those distributed, 302 valid samples were returned. The main research method was putting the samples through stepwise linear regression analysis. By focusing on the reasons people participate in blind dating through the Internet, this study examines theories on the relatedness needs, personality characteristics, sensation-seeking motivation, and self-disclosure of those involved; and develop a framework for research to understand what type of people use dating service as a means of meeting others. Results from the study show that interpersonal needs and self-disclosure play a role in why one would want to participate in blind dating. Furthermore, there is a definite connection between the characteristics of one's personality and the desire to participate in blind dating. The sensation seeking people are therefore more likely than others to participate in blind dating.


Under the background of some large-scale port, through the detailed discuss of the management information system of the port, a port MIS scheme is presented by using the theory of software engineering. And based on the linear model, a more satisfied result is obtained. Therefore it can make a progress in the work efficiency of the port, and establish the base for the scientific management of the port.


A verified integration algorithm is proposed for calculating s-dimen- sional integrals over a finite domain using numerical computations. To construct an efficient verified numerical integrator, the truncation error and the rounding error need to be considered. It has been known that interval arithmetic is one of the most efficient methods of evaluating the rounding error. However, it is much slower than pure floating-point arith- metic, so that in an inclusion algorithm for integrals, the computational effort by the interval arithmetic tends to become a large part. To over- come this problem, an algorithm for evaluating the rounding error using floating-point computations is proposed. The proposed algorithm is based on calculating a priori error bounds for function evaluations and an ac- curate sum algorithm. With the use of the proposed algorithm and a inclusion algorithm for evaluating the truncation error, we propose an automatic inclusion algorithm. Numerical examples are presented for il- lustrating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


logical brain abnormalities in schizophrenia, most brain regions studied showed neuroanatomical alteration compared with the same regions in healthy controls. Nonetheless, a convergence of findings suggested that the major locus for brain abnormalities was the temporal lobe; fewer studies reported abnormalities in the lateral ventricles, prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, corpus callosum, or septum pellucidum.2,3 Note that, although many regions are involved in schizophrenia, they do not ap-


1,1′-Butylenebis(3-methyl-3H-imidazol-1-ium) hydrogen sulfate as an efficient, halogen-free and reusable Brönsted ionic liquid catalyzed the synthesis of 13-(aryl)-12H-benzo[f]indeno[1,2-b]quinoline-12-one derivatives in ethanol under refluxing conditions. This method has the advantages of high yield, clean reaction, simple methodology, and short reaction time. The ionic liquid catalyst could be recycled and reused seven times without significant loss of activity. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis.


In order to perform the precise modeling and machining simulation for the skew bevel gear,the helix equation on the base cone surface of skew bevel gear and the position of symmetrical plane of spherical involute w ere derived based on the research on the generation principle of both spherical involute and tooth surface of skew bevel gear. An accurate modeling method for skew bevel gear based on the three-dimensional modeling softw are UG and CATIA w as proposed. The three-dimensional model for one left-hand skew bevel gear w as established w ith the related functions of UG and CATIA,and then the machining simulation of skew bevel gear w as carried out. The results show that the proposed modeling method is correct,simple,and feasible. In addition,the proposed modeling method can provide a basis for the finite element analysis,machining simulation and automatic programming of skew bevel gear.


The business environment of the construction industry is changing due to macroenvironmental factors as well as intra-industry factors which are not likely to improve significantly in the near future. Global and local economic factors have increased uncertainty and risk in the industry leading to increased competition, increased costs and added pressure on profit margins. The aim of this research was to develop a corporate strategy for the Quicksand Group, a family business within the construction industry, that would determine how to best configure and coordinate the Group in the future. The research objectives were to investigate how the Quicksand Group"s strategy evolved in the context of the history of the Group; to examine the external and internal factors that will impact on the strategy of the Quicksand Group; to explore the definition and life-cycle of family businesses in order to form a conceptual model against which the Quicksand Group can be compared; and to explore strategic options and choices that would enhance the competitiveness of the Group and create a sustainable competitive advantage. A combination of interpretivism and subjectivism research philosophies was adopted as it allowed the researcher to explore and understand the subjective meanings motivating the actions of stakeholders that are too complex to reduce to law-like generalisations and that are rather unique to the particular circumstances and individuals. Consequently, an inductive research approach was followed to permit the researcher to explore alternative explanations, and better understand the nature of the problem and the context within which events are taking place. An exploratory research design and a multiple model method was followed in the research as a means to find out "what is happening" over a cross-sectional time horizon through the combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques and analysis procedures. Data collection took the form of collecting available secondary quantitative data from industry sources, focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews.


The subject of digital technology in museums comes up so frequently that when considering it for a JME topic, we wondered, didn't we just cover it? But it's been four years since we devoted an issue to it, with "Digital Technology in Japanese Museums" in 2007. Four years is an eternity in digital-development time; much has changed since then. So, too, have attitudes in museums. Today, museum educators are likely to think of"tool," when they think of technology, instead of considering it an end in itself. In 2007 the JME issue focused on hand-held devices, typical of the way we tended to classify digital interactions by product. In comparison, in this issue of JME, guest editor Susan Spero's focus has been on examining the type of interactions that technology can foster among organizations, individuals, and communities. For her authors, technology is a means to an end, and their projects reveal that they've chosen technologies that best suit their projects, goals, and audiences. In a 2010 publication by the New Media Consortium, New Horizons: The Museum Edition, the authors conducted a comprehensive study of emerging technologies and their potential impact on and use in education and interpretation in museums. This study confirmed our suspicion that the boundaries between curators and educators are continually blurring, due in large part to visitor expectations about access to resources, collections, and each other. Obviously, the implications for the museum education profession are profound. Are we prepared to work more collaboratively with curators to combine the rich digital resources of our institutions with the increasingly diverse ways in which our visitors access and participate in their own social networks? Are we prepared to advocate for a larger share of the museum resources required not solely for digitization of collections, but also for the curricular and interpretive experiences that can make those digital collections come to life? Are we prepared to involve community in helping to


The TOP500 project ranks the 500 th . most powerful computer systems in the world. This rank is based on High-Performance LINPACK (HPL), a portable implementation of the LINPACK benchmark for distributed-memory computers. According to the TOP500's list published in June, 2010, most of the systems are Linux based clusters. However, the number of Windows based systems tends to grow in the next lists. In this paper the performance of a Linux and a Windows HPC Server cluster using the same hardware and scientific applications is evaluated. To assess performance, the HPL and NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB), as well as a real-world multi-physics application, named EdgeCFD, are used. This application is developed at NACAD-COPPE/UFRJ and it is an implicit edge-based coupled fluid flow and transport solver for large-scale problems optimized for modern clusters. EdgeCFD adopts peer-to-peer non-blocking communication pattern among processes. Tests were conducted for three MPI distributions MVAPICH2 (based on MPICH2 with Infiniband support), OpenMPI (High Performance Message Passing Library) and MS-MPI (Microsoft MPI based on MPICH2) on all benchmarks and applications of this study. All performance measurements show that Windows HPC Server is a viable option.


To the Editor Sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor therapy is a specific mode of antidiabetic strategy that significantly improves cardiovascular outcomes. The recently published article by Joshi et al has focused on beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in the setting of heart failure (HF). We fully agree that complex cellular mechanisms, beyond diuresis, seem to underlie pleitrophic actions of these agents. More specifically, it also seems likely that SGLT2 inhibitors might potentiate favourable effects of certain metabolic agents including cellular antiischaemics (and vice versa) in patients with diabetes with cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, combination of SGLT2 inhibitors with cellular antiischaemic regimens might have important implications in these patients. It is well known that free fatty acids (FFAs) serve as the major energy source in myocardium under physiological conditions. However, a significant shift to oxidation of more energyefficient substrates (including glucose and ketone bodies) usually takes place in the setting of myocardial ischaemia and/or failure. Moreover, this shift is expected to be even more pronounced under certain medications including cellular antiischaemics (trimetazidine, etc) that exert their actions largely through inhibition of FFA oxidation. In a recent metaanalysis comprising patients with diabetes, trimetazidine was demonstrated to exert favourable effects including improvement in left ventricular systolic functions, myocardial ischaemic episodes, serum glucose parameters (fasting glucose and HbA1C), etc largely attributable to its metabolic, antioxidant and antihyperglycaemic effects in these patients. However, impaired myocardial uptake of glucose in patients with diabetes potentially hinders maximum therapeutic benefits of cellular antiischaemics during periods of heightened metabolic demand. This signifies the need for alternative energyefficient substrates (including ketone bodies) in patients with diabetes receiving cellular antiischaemics. In this context, SGLT2 inhibitors provide sufficient amounts of circulating ketone bodies that seem to maximise actions of cellular antiischaemics on myocardial energetics in patients with diabetes. Moreover, hyperketonaemia associated with SGLT2 inhibitors might also prevent excessive uptake of FFAs (a reactive phenomenon predisposing to diabetic cardiomyopathy due to lipotoxicity) potentially associated with the use of cellular antiischaemics in patients with diabetes. On the other hand, cellular antiischaemics might possibly heighten favourable impact of SGLT2 inhibitors mostly through their metabolic actions (increased insulin sensitivity due to translocation of GLUT4, etc) and antioxidant features (that might reverse myocardial remodelling). Accordingly, combined use of certain metabolic agents, including SGLT2 inhibitors, dichloroacetate, perhexiline, trimetazidine, etc, was previously suggested as a potential strategy to combat failing myocardium (yet, with no recommendation of a particular combination). In this regard, combination of SGLT2 inhibitors and trimetazidine seems to be a promising option (due to the mutually complementary actions of these agents). In summary, concomitant use of cellular antiischaemics and SGLT2 inhibitors might result in a synergistic therapeutic benefit in patients with diabetes with cardiovascular disease (HF and coronary syndromes). However, this needs to be tested in clinical trials. Kenan Yalta , Ugur Ozkan, Tulin Yalta Cardiology, University of Trakya, Edirne, Turkey Pathology, University of Trakya, Edirne, Turkey


PURPOSE: A slim type airborne particulates measuring sensor is provided to manufacture a measuring sensor at a thickness less than 7mm by installing one or more detectors around a dust measuring space unit to be adjacent to a laser portion on a horizontal line as the laser portion. CONSTITUTION: A slim type airborne particulates measuring sensor comprises a body(100), an air inhalation unit(400), a dust measuring space unit, an air discharging unit, a laser portion, a detector, and a light elimination unit. The body is formed into a plate shape having a predetermined thickness. The dust measuring space unit, a laser insertion hole, the air inhalation unit, a detector insertion groove(510), the air discharging unit, and the light elimination unit are formed into an intaglio shape in one side or the other side of the body. The dust measuring space unit, the laser insertion hole, the air inhalation unit, the detector insertion groove, the air discharging unit, and the light elimination unit are covered by covers(120,130).


A new type of thermal analysis method is put forward, which can measure the cooling curve when metallic liquid touches the wall of dies. The acquired testing data can not only perfect the research of metallic liquid concreting process, but also help guide the practical production process, such as the quick analysis during the thin-wall materials productions.


Recognizing the significance of these trends, various outstanding life underwriters and educators began, nearly twenty years ago, to consider what definite steps might be taken to assure the public of the very finest type of life insurance advice by erecting certain qualitative standards for those engaged in life underwriting, which would be of such a high order that the person complying with them might be regarded by the public as a member of a profession which, though more recent in origin, would be on a parity in its educational and ethical ideals with the older and better known professions, such as law, medicine, and accounting. After much deliberation as to the most satisfactory


Abstract 482 R702C mutation of the MYH9 gene provokes impaired platelet formation, renal focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and hearing disability in mice model. Several isoforms of class II myosins are required for cytokinesis, cell motility, cell polarity/chemotaxis, cell architecture, and development of nonmuscle cells. Among these, nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMMHC-IIA) encoded by MYH9 , is known to be associated with inherited human disease, MYH9 disorders, characterized by giant platelets, thrombocytopenia and characteristic Dohle body-like cytoplasmic granulocyte inclusion bodies. Also, these disorders frequently present with nephritis and sensorineural hearing disability. Particularly, recent studies using admixture mapping identified MYH9 as a major risk factor for focal and segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS) and nondiabetic kidney disease in African Americans. However, the function of NMMHCII-A, in the affected variable organs and how the gene is related to the disease have not been elucidated. In turn, our previous studies have shown that the MTH 9+/− mice do not reproduce the clinical picture of MYH9 disorders and the MYH9 −/− mice are lethal early during embryogenesis. Several MYH9 mutations are in most patients missense mutations occurring at a few codons and it is still ambiguous whether mutations determine haploinsufficiency or act through a dominant negative mechanism. We and other investigators indicated that human subjects with mutations in the motor domain, particularly at Arg 702 presented with severe thrombocytopenia and develop nephritis and deafness before the age of 40 years. Here we generate and characterize mice expressing Arg702Cys (R702C) mutation. To introduce the mutation into exon 16 of MYH9 gene, a loxP-flanked PGK- neo selectable marker cassette was inserted into the intron upstream of exon 16, according with negative DT marker. Chimeric mice generated from two independent targeted 129SvJ ES cell clones were crossed with C57BL/6J mice to produce R702C heterozygotes. The loxP- neo cassette was removed by crossing the heterozygous mice with a CAG-Cre deleter mouse strain that constitutively expresses Cre recombinase to yield heterozygous knock in mice (R702C+/−). R702C+/− mice had markedly decreased platelet counts (53±31×10 9 /L vs 1071.±321.7×10 9 /L) and morphologically larger platelets than wild-type C57/BL6 mice. Although granulocyte inclusion bodies were mostly invisible or inconspicuous on May-Giemsa stained blood smears, immunofluorecence analysis indicated NMMHC-IIA proteins aggregated and accumulated in the granulocyte cytoplasm. Although the number of bone marrow megakaryocytes was comparable to wild-type mice, proplatelet formation of fetal liver-derived megakaryocytes from R702C+/− was impaired; the number of proplatelet-forming megakaryocytes was decreased and clusters of platelet-like particles were observed around megakaryocytes. The increased size and decreased number of proplatelet tips were also detected. To verify kidney function, spot urine samples free of fecal contamination were collected during 5–20 weeks (w) after birth. R702C+/− mice displayed a significant proteinuria dependent on age, whereas wild type mice had only trace amount (Figure). Examination of renal pathology of R702C+/− mice of 20w after birth revealed typical FSGS by light microscopy and podocyte foot process effacement by electron microscopy. Apparently, altered podocyte morphology at the foot process level resulted in a partial loss of glomerular filtration barrier. We further measured the auditory brainstem response (ABR) of 20w R702C+/− mice and studied whether they had hearing losses, Needle electrodes were inserted into the vertex of anesthetized mice, then ABR was obtained. The ABR thresholds in R702C+/− mice were significantly higher at all frequencies, indicating severe deafness. Our observations suggested that heterozygous expression of MYH9 R702C affected not only megakaryocyte proplatelet formation apparently resulting in macrothrombocytopenia, but also the function of the cells in other affected organs, where NMMHC-IIA is known to be exclusively expressed. Disclosures: Naoe: Chugai Pharm. Co.: Research Funding; Zenyaku-Kogyo Co.: Research Funding; Kyowa-Kirin Co.: Research Funding; Dainippon-Sumitomo Pharm. Co.: Research Funding; Novartis Pharm. Co.: Research Funding; Janssen Pharm. Co.: Research Funding. Matsushita: Pfizer Co.: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Baxter Co.: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding.