An excellent paper by Peter Marcuse looks at abandonment, gentrification and displacement in New York City. He shows the fine level at which change needs to be examined to obtain a clear picture of what is going on, and in doing so emphasises the dangers of conceptual simplification which is the hallmark of some earlier chapters. He challenges assumptions that gentrification is a cure for abandonment and argues that both gentrification and abandonment have in New York City caused a high level of displacement. Gentrification therefore cannot be used to justify public sector inaction over abandonment. In another helpful contribution, Richard Legates and Chester Hartman analyse the characteristics of inmovers and outmovers by summarising empirical research on gentrification displacement in the United States. The data demonstrate the negative consequences of gentrification for working class residents of inner cities. They conclude that gentrification causes displacement; imposes hardships on low income and elderly households; and far from producing well integrated inner city areas, may result in racial and class conflict. In an interesting final chapter the editors return to the major issues the winners and losers in the process of gentrification. But in doing so, a number of points remain tantalisingly unresolved. Is gentrification significant in the contemporary restructuring of urban space? Is gentrification a symptom or a cause of change? Is either the debate or the English language helped by terms like Manhattanisation? Gentrification is the description of a process by which neighbourhoods are transformed economically. The social consequences include the displacement of former low income residents. In America, policy has tended to see gentrification as the locomotive which drives inner city regeneration through the operation of the private market. Britain has also seen a shift in policy towards an emphasis on the private sector, with the role of government being limited to that of creating a climate which encourages this investment. Central to the policy debate, therefore, is the role of government. Gentrification describes the up-turn phase of an area where low levels of investment have resulted in accelerated disrepair and economic uses below the economic potential of the area. What should be the role of government? Direct intervention to increase investment while protecting the interests of existing users? Accepting 'market logic' while ameliorating the unacceptable social consequences? The importance of the theoretical debate is the light it casts on the effectiveness of government intervention -which in turn depends on the role of government in the urban process. Is government an agent of capital? Or does it have a mediating role? To what extent are the needs of capital in contradiction with policy objectives? This collection of essays is a useful contribution to these questions. Some of the chapters are perhaps overly concerned with relatively narrow theoretical debates. The detailed case studies seem to be of more general interest, if only because they touch on the human story told by gentrification that of urban change which tends to benefit the rich rather than the poor, the powerful rather than the weak. Where these concerns emerge from the weight of abstract theoretical argument it is to the benefit of both academic and policy debate.


Bou Khalil writes an interesting viewpoint on the potential protective role of orgasm in promoting a positive mood in women. Like chocolate, it is not hard to believe that sex is good for a person's state of mind. The approach Bou Khalil takes, explores the potential biological pathways between orgasm and positive mood, a relationship supported by epidemiological data (Davison et al., 2009). Female sexuality, including orgasm, is an important, complex area for psychiatrists to be aware of when considering the holistic care of female patients. Female sexual dysfunction (FSD), including anorgasmia and low libido, is extremely common in psychiatric patients. Both psychiatric illness and psychotropic medications can adversely affect female sexual function (Montejo et al., 2010). In excess of 50% of women who take selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) experience impaired sexual function (Montejo et al., 2001). This is an important consideration for psychiatrists as FSD impairs quality of life and is associated with treatment discontinuation (Davis and Jane, 2011). Whilst SSRI-associated sexual dysfunction may remit with time (Haberfellner and Rittmannsberger, 2004), real-world rates of antidepressant medication discontinuation have been reported to be as high as 40% at 1 month (Olfson et al., 2006), meaning that women may not continue on SSRIs long enough for the FSD to subside. FSD is of course multifactorial with psychological, social and biological contributors (Davis and Jane, 2011). The viewpoint presented in the current issue provides further potential explanations of the known relationship between FSD and reduced psychological well being. The suggested action of oxytocin in improving mood is intriguing, although still in an early phase of research. In clinical practice, other hormonal factors that contribute both to sexual function and mood should also be considered. For example, the hormonal changes associated with the menopausal transition are associated with an increased risk of depression in some women (Bromberger and Kravitz, 2011). Likewise, reduced libido is a common complaint among menopausal women. For improvement in mood and sexual symptoms, consideration of hormone therapy may be necessary, particularly in women whose mood or sexual symptoms have coincided with the onset of perimenopause. Androgen therapy in particular has proven to be helpful in women with FSD (Davis et al., 2008) and a trial being undertaken at the Monash University Women's Health Research Program is investigating testosterone treatment for SSRI-induced FSD. The menopausal transition is not the only biological contributor to female sexual dysfunction. Other medical causes include urinary tract infections and pelvic disorders (Davis and Jane, 2011). Whilst FSD is common in women with psychiatric disorders, and adversely impacts on their quality of life, women may not necessarily raise the topic themselves. Sensitive discussion of the issue is required as sexual abuse is not an uncommon cause of sexual difficulties (Davis and Jane, 2011). Social difficulties including relationship problems and financial strain also play a significant role in sexual dysfunction (Christensen et al., 2011). Sexuality is viewed as important by most women in the community (Mulhall et al., 2008). For the optimal, long-term management of a woman's mental health, it is important to address the impact of her ailments and treatments on her sexual health and relationships. If a woman is distressed by her symptoms, consideration of alternative psychotropic agents or referral to an appropriate specialist is warranted. Women with SSRIinduced FSD symptoms may improve over time, but sensitive discussion and understanding of her concerns must be part of the psychiatrist's role.


This paper briefly introduces the Pearl River Tunnel and the construction of tunnel computer monitoring system,provides the control scheme and control process parameters for Tunnel computer monitoring system.


1-Methylhomopiperazine was coupled with a series of diazonium salts to afford the 4-methyl-1-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1,4-diazepanes (6), a new series of triazenes. These compounds are, in the main, stable crystalline solids (some of the series are stable oils), and they have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. NMR assignments were determined by 2D NMR and variable-temperature NMR experiments and by comparison with model compounds. A second series of new compounds, namely, 1,4-di-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1,4-diazepanes (5), were prepared by coupling unsubstituted homopiperazine (1,4-diazepane) with 2 molar equivalents of the diazonium salt and were similarly characterized. The crystal and molecular structure of the parent member of this bis-triazene series (5, X = H) has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.Key words: triazene, bis-triazene, diazenyl, bis-diazenyl, diazonium salt, NMR, diazepane.


PURPOSE: A magnesium alloy surface treatment method and a magnesium alloy member treated using the same are provided to express metal texture through a thin film deposition process and a sol-gel coating process using acid catalyst. CONSTITUTION: A metal-containing thin film is dried and evaporated on the surface of a magnesium alloy member(S130). Sol gel coating is performed on the surface of the magnesium alloy member including the metal-containing thin film dried and deposited(S140). The magnesium alloy member is dried, and the surface of the magnesium alloy member is hardened(S150).


carbon film sputtered in hydrocarbon atmosphere for overcoat of thin film disk was studied. Hardness of the film and hydrogen content in the films were measured. Hardness of the films decreased with increasing hydrogen pressure in sputtering. A lot of hydrogen atom were detected in the films. Ramnan spectroscopy investigation clarified that the film has almost same spectrum to i-carbon. On CSS test, friction coefficient value of hydrogenated carbon films with liquid lubricant is lower than the value of standard sputtered carbon. However ordinary sputtered carbon films without lubricant show better CSS characteristics than i-carbon. So,it seems that carbon with hydrogen films may have rather strong adhesive force to lubricant.


The author determined the indexes of time expenses at dentists' work for the conduction of orthopedic treatment measures, which are not mentioned yet in the order of the Ministry of Health Protection of Ukraine. Chronological measurements of clinical process duration at 35 dentists for the period of 114 working days at 9 dental clinics of the country were held. Conditional working units were suggested by the author allow dentists conducting grounded accounting of their work with the use of more detailed list of orthopedic manipulations.


The accuracy of gear meshing efficiency model is the key to study the influence factors of gear meshing efficiency. Experiment is an effective method to verify the theory model. Therefore, the acquisition of experimental value of gear meshing efficiency is particularly important. Taken double helical gears as the research object, on the analysis of a large number of experimental data, the experimental value of gear meshing efficiency for double helical gears are calculated and then the influence of rotational speed and torque on meshing efficiency of double helical gears is studied. Firstly, the calculation method of transmission efficiency for experimental value in different layout of gear test-rigs with closed power flow is summarized. Secondly, the calculation method of meshing efficiency for experimental value in gear test-rig with closed power flow is introduced. Thirdly, the calculation method of load-dependent bearing loss is given. Finally, the experimental value of meshing efficiency for double helical gears is calculated and the influence of rotational speed and torque on meshing efficiency of double helical gears is obtained, which lays a theoretical foundation for the further improvement of the transmission efficiency of double helical gears.


The most common form of organization of activities of domestic integrated structures are holding companies. In modern conditions, the successful development of a production company is inextricably linked with strategic management. The article discusses vertical integration as a direction for the strategic development of a holding company. Keyword: vertical integration, strategic development, holding company, integration, enterprises, economy. Cite this Article: M. O. Orlov, Zh. N. Dibrova, S. Dimitrieva and A. O. Khmeleva, Vertical Integration as a Direction of the Strategic Development of a Holding Company, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 10(02), 2019, pp. 898–903 http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=10&IType=02 M. O. Orlov, Zh. N. Dibrova, S. Dimitrieva and A. O. Khmeleva http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 899 firstname.lastname@example.com


Method for controlling the Rekuperationsstarke or Rekuperationsmoments an electrical machine of a hybrid or electric vehicle, at least in some operating conditions, the Rekuperationsstarke or the recovery torque is controlled as a function of at least one operating parameter of the hybrid or electric vehicle, or controlled. The Rekuperationsstarke or the recovery torque is controlled in operating states in which it is disabled or malfunctioning or has failed a driving stability system of the hybrid or electric vehicle according to a different logic, regulated or limited in that in operating states in which the driving stability system is properly ready for operation.


The Western high‐fat diet is associated with poor health outcomes, while omega‐3 fatty acids supplementation has shown to mitigate metabolic imbalances seen with the Western diet. Growing evidence shows diet impacts cerebrovascular and brain health. Understanding of how the percentage and type of fat in the diet affects brain and microvascular expression of fatty acid transport genes remains limited.


From the Publisher:
"Feedback control is present in every aspect of modern life, from simple house thermostats that maintain comfortable indoor temperatures to complex devices that maintain the position of communications satellites in space. Feedback control is also a crucial part of almost all engineering systems." "Designing feedback systems requires a rigorous understanding of linear systems as well as a number of input/output controller design methods. The purpose of this book is to provide just such a rigorous introduction to input/output controller design for linear systems. For greater clarity, explanations and most examples are confined to single-input-single-output, although generalizations are also made from these examples to more complex multi-input-multi-output systems."--BOOK JACKET.


This thesis proposes the use of two concepts: accessibility and chemical activity. Accessibility describes the mass quantity of PAHs that is or can become available within a given time span and under given conditions. Chemical activity quantifies the energetic state of the PAHs that determines the potential for spontaneous physicochemical processes, such as diffusion and partitioning. Chemical activity is closely related to fugacity and freely dissolved concentrations.

Accessibility and chemical activity jointly govern the physicochemical part of what is known as bioavailability.

Five (I-V) accompanying papers are discussed and elaborated. Paper I, is a general account of the two concepts as useful and measurable. Paper II describes a method to measure the chemical activity of PAHs in soil. Paper III is a case study; the accessibility and chemical activity of some PAHs found in a former industrial site soil were measured. Paper IV makes progress in the methodology of calibrating equilibrium sampling devices. Paper V is another case study, concerning PAHs in a highway roadside soil.


Novel formula N- (4- amidinophenyl) phenyl glycinamide derivatives thereof, and hydrates or solvates thereof and physiologically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: E, G


Abstract The substitution and addition reactions have been studied in the series of thioloderivatives of P(III) acids. The reactions have been shown to proceed with the rupture of the P-S bond, the phosphorus coordination being preserved.


With the increase in migrants' population,their children who cannot afford the compulsory education have posed a real challenge to basic education in cities.Children of migrants will be members of the city,so their education has become a social problem that cannot be neglected.As a new approach to optimize the allocation of educational resources,education vouchers contribute to solving the problem with theoretic basis and practical possibility of institutional innovation,which manifests the equity in education and balanced development of it.


Background: Skin appendageal tumors (SAT) are a large and diverse group of tumors that are commonly classified according to their state of appendageal differentiation: Follicular, sebaceous, eccrine and apocrine. Most adnexal neoplasms are uncommonly encountered in routine practice, and pathologists can easily recognise frequently encountered tumours. In this study, the histological features of important benign and malignant tumors of pilosebaceous origin were reviewed considering its morphologic types, subtypes, age, sex and anatomic site.Methods: This is a hospital based retrospective study which includes all cases of tumors with pilosebaceous differentiation diagnosed histologically during the period of five years (1st January, 2008 to 31st December, 2012). Tumors were analyzed considering the anatomic location and type of the tumor, along with age and sex of the patient. The Histological characterization was done according to the WHO classification system for SAT. Collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2000 and converted it into SPSS PC+ 11.5 Version for statistical analysis.Results: A total of 53 neoplasms of pilosebaceous differentiation included, 52 (98.1%) were benign and one (1.8%) was malignant. The mean age was 39.23 years. Females comprised of 35 (66%) and 18 (34%) were males. Most common location was in head and neck area. Of all, 51 (96.2%) tumors were follicular, and two (3.7%) were with sebaceous differentiation. Among all follicular tumors, Pilomatricoma (33.9%), Keratoacanthoma (26.4%) and Trichoepithelioma (22.6%) were the commonest tumors observed.Conclusion: The study findings reveal majority of the tumors origin were of follicular differentiation and all were benign. J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 33-39


Abstract This article attempts to think about Partition in terms of what Jacques Rancière calls a distribution or partition (partage) of the sensible, with deep, ongoing ramifications in the present. It examines the logics of images, and the relations between ways of sensing, knowing, and occupying space generated in the lead-up to Partition: in the encounters between 'traditional' image practices, the aesthetics of representative democracy, and new image technologies, including – but not only – those of mass reproduction. This makes possible a consideration of caste alongside religion as part of the same art historical story as Partition, and as part of the same aesthetic terms of struggle – albeit with different political outcomes – over how the 'parts with no part' were to become a part of, or apart from, the new nation. In the process, the article explores how the lessons of Rancière, whose generative 'ignorance' never takes him beyond Plato, Aristotle, Kant and Schiller, might be hijacked to the postcolony.


Applied fractal criterion and probability density of dust distribution function whether a straight line or not under logarithmic coordinate axes to judge dust fractal character,then used regression method drawing coefficient of correlation of dust particle size and volume-weight fitting curve,thereby verifying conclusion of fractal criterion.By means of quoting this curve we can get dust weight possessive ratio within a certain particle size limits,the smaller the curve slope is,the more homogeneous the dust distributes,the bigger ratio the thin dust possesses,the larger the harm is either.Utilizing method of minimum squares reaches fractal dimension,and through experiment it comes to dust soggy velocity,drawing a conclusion that the bigger the fractal dimension is,the smaller soggy velocity the dust is.


Jaundice is a common clinical manifestation that can be caused by different reasons from an acute viral hepatitis, to an obstructive process that can present as an acute condition and that must be resolved immediately as septic cholangitis, for this reason it is of great importance to master this topic in order to make an appropriate approach in clinical practice, making an adequate differential diagnosis taking into account the different etiologies of hyperbilirubinemia, know how to classify it and evaluate other parameters of the liver profile that can lead us to liver damage or an obstructive process and clarify if the lesion is intra or extrahepatic...


In this paper a novel 60 GHz printed antenna with defected ground structure is proposed for MIMO application. The antenna consists of a pairs of folded L-shaped strips patch printed on silicon subtract for wireless personal area network (WPAN) at 60 GHz. The two radiating elements are separated by distance equal to 1.25 mm. The performance of the proposed antenna has been evaluated after adding the cone ground stub especially the mutual coupling. Proposed antenna is resonating at 60 GHz. Return loss of −17.85 dB is achieved for 60 GHz band. The mutual coupling is less than −15 dB throughout the bandwidth (56 GHz–64 GHz). The simulation results indicate that the antenna can provide spatial diversity and enhance isolation.


Cockroaches are the insect vectors of disease that can cause adverse effects on human health. Control cockroaches excessive use of insecticides can lead to residues in the environment and resistance cockroach. Therefore it is necessary to control the use of alternatives such as by biological agents such as entomopathogenic bacteria. This research used two isolates of entomopathogenic bacteria isolated from Spodoptera litura were found dead, Bacillus thuringiensis IPBCC collection and sterile distilled water as a control. Tests conducted by the spray and bait method at a concentration of 10 8 . The results showed that all isolates entomopathogenic bacteria used in this research can cause mortality of cockroaches. Morphological observation and Koch's postulates test showed that the mortality of cockroaches likely caused by bacterial isolates were granted. SP4 bacterial isolates using spray method provides the highest mortality was 26.67% of the P. americana and 80% against B. germanica . Isolates of B. thuringiensis using bait influence the highest mortality of 10% of the P. americana and 6.67% against B. germanica . LT-50 was the most effective method of treatment of bacterial isolates SP4 spray against B. germanica was 2 hours 30 minutes 46 seconds. Keywords: Biological control, entomopathogenic bacterial, efficacy test


The Annual Convention of the Institute to be held at Niagara Falls, Ontario, during the week of June 26–30, is expected to be one of the best attended conventions which the Institute has ever held on account of its central location, the natural attractions of Niagara and the number of interesting applications of electricity which have been developed in this neighborhood through the use of electric power from the Falls.


This research focuses on perceptions and reactions to the intangible nature of newly digitized transaction processing systems. For many consumers, the intangibility of information system-based processes generates beliefs that they are fake, non-genuine, artificial and therefore inherently risky to use. This perceived artificiality phenomenon was shown to increase risk concerns, which in-turn inhibited system adoption. Investigating reactions to an e-service replacement of a paper process enabled testing of this proposed conceptual causal chain. Results suggest that the inherent intangibility of e-services creates concerns measured in raised perceived artificiality and perceived risk. Interestingly, mental rather than physical intangibility increased artificiality concerns. Perceived artificiality directly increased risk concerns and indirectly affected system evaluation and adoption, which were primarily affected by system perceived risk. This exploratory research suggests a research model that provides a first step towards understanding the effect of information systems¿ inherent intangibility on system evaluation and adoption, and may be utilized when testing riskreducing system enhancements.


In order to solve the problems of water scarcity in Ningxia,high cost in high- lift long- distance water conveyance irrigation area,difficult to maintain the operation and keep lasting benefit by using the traditional channel model of irrigation and the planting structure,the paper analyzed the reasons of irrigate with pipe and drip,through experiments,crop irrigation system and irrigation volume were studied,choosing potato as experimental crop and choosing water- saving irrigation technology and management mode that suitable for Nanchengguaizi main channel's water- saving replenish irrigation area of Gukuo Project as the research object. The result shows that a) compared with spray irrigation,drip irrigation saves water 720 m3,increases output 0- 7 500 kg,so,drip irrigation is better than spray irrigation. The promotion of water- saving technology is suited to drip irrigation mainly and supplemented by spray irrigation; b) based on the increased treatment to the sediment flow,transferring the land into the "Company + Farmer"intensive management pattern is good.


Methanogens and sulfate reducing bacteria were detected by the 16SrRNA sequencing of coalbed methane (CBM) co‐produced water in the south of the Qinshui Basin, which is indicative of the presence of secondary biological gas in the south of this basin, in contradiction to the previous understanding of thermogenic gas. This work systematically collected water samples from the CBM wells in the Shizhuangnan Block and analyzed the microbial geochemical characteristics from the aspects of water ions, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, dissolved inorganic carbon and microbial diversity. It is shown that the Shizhuangnan Block has a nearly SN‐trending monoclinic structure, and the elevation of coal seam decreases gradually from the east to west. Because of the water blocking effect of Sitou fault in the west, the precipitation flowed from the east to west, and gradually transited to stagnant flow area. The concentration variation of some ions such as Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, HCO3– and total dissolved solids (TDS) suggest the variation of redox condition in the coal reservoir water. The 16SrDNA sequencing analysis of the collected water samples detected the presence of methanogens and sulfate reduction bacteria. The presence of methane production zone and sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) was identified. The effect of methanogens in the methane production zone leads to an increase in the methane concentration, resulting in a high gas content in the study area. In the SMTZ, most methane is consumed by anaerobic oxidation due to high sulfate concentrations.


It is well documented that there is significant motion in the unfused segments above and below a fused segment during anterior cervical discectomy and fusion but exact nature of this motion is not well known. The current finite element study showed that likelihood of adjacent segment degeneration is higher in a two level fusion than a one level fusion. Also, the analyses showed that two level fusion at upper cervical levels more likely to degenerate above and below than two level fusion at lower cervical levels.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Oversight is the evaluative function of legislatures. During oversight, legislators monitor policy implementation to detect and remedy problems, or violations of legislative intent. Most oversight, like formative evaluation, is directed at producing information that can be used by legislators and administrators to improve policies during implementation. Indeed, legislators seldom use oversight to decide whether a policy should be discontinued. This article examines how state legislatures practice evaluation by analyzing oversight strategies used to monitor recent education reforms in six states (Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Minnesota and Pennsylvania).' The central theme of the article is the inextricable link between politics and oversight; the choice of oversight strategy, and, therefore, the methods legislatures use to evaluate policy implementation, are driven largely by politics. The study found that oversight of education reform in the six sample states was conducted in ways that minimized time commitments and maximized political benefits for legislators.


A technique for antibacterial functions is always required in such as medical treatment or food manufacturing. Sharkskin, wings of cicadas and dragonflies have antibacterial functions on their surfaces. It is attractive for human technologies to mimic their microstructural surfaces. In this study, we cultured biofilms on micro-pillar surfaces which was inspired by living organism, and evaluated the antibacterial effect. Growth of biofilms depended on the pitch and diameter of pillar arrays. Formations of the biofilm were suppressed when the pitch and diameter of the pillars were comparable to the size of the bacteria. This suppression seems to be caused by the instability of bacteria sticking on the pillar-array scaffold.


This chapter is devoted to the prison protests in Long Kesh/Maze Prison. It evaluates Church responses to the evolving protest by republican paramilitary prisoners on their quest for 'five demands' for political prisoner status. The chapter will culminate with the 1980 and 1981 hunger strikes which saw the deaths of ten men in the prison, including Bobby Sands, and more than sixty deaths outside caused by heightened community tensions. At this point, the English and Irish Catholic Churches faced their greatest point of division over the issue of hunger striking as suicide; a schism often reported by the British media. Fr Denis Faul, a civil rights activist, effectively ended the 1981 hunger strike by convincing the families to medically intervene. The legacy of the strikes fractured the tenuous relationship between the Church and Irish Republicans, marking a major turning point in the conflict.


Based on the analysis on the problems of current teaching practical communication and the needs of the network environment for teaching practice,and the core concept of Web2.0 as the guiding ideology and the basis,different communication software and platform technologies and resources are integrated,the exchange integrated platform of 2007 grades Teaching Practice of Shangluo University is created,giving priority to the student exchanges and educational practice guidance service,and the basis and structure for the establishment of the platform are illustrated.


Out-of-autoclave prepregs are the construction material of choice for high performance marine craft, due to their high material properties, and relatively low processing costs compared to traditional autoclave prepregs. Because of the low compaction pressure, voids are not collapsed by external pressure; therefore air must be removed from the laminate prior to cure to ensure a low void-content, high quality laminate is produced. This work presents the development of experimental techniques to accurately measure the as-laminated void content, compaction response and in-plane and through thickness air permeability of two prepreg materials. The material models developed were implemented into an air removal model, and compared against experiments. Excellent correlation was observed for the cloth material, whereas the unidirectional material exhibited complete closing of air pathways, which was not captured well by the current model. 1 Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, now Southern Spars 2 Professor, Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland


This article presents the affinity existing between the female dream narrative and the fairy tale genre. Although a large body of material has al- ready been written about the connection between fairy tales and dreams, it has never been examined empirically using the tools and methods with which fairy tales have been studied. This article focuses on one dream narrative, docu- mented in the framework of a PhD dissertation, in which seventy-eight dream narratives were recorded, told by fifty-two single women. This article presents typological, formalistic, structural and esthetic approaches. In addition, this work compares how characteristics relating to time and space function within both dream narratives and fairy tales. The dream narrative is compared to tale type AT 311, called Bluebeard. From the focal point of this affinity, this work relates to the question of the feminine voice in fairy tales and the gaps between the female dream narrative and the masculine versions of the Bluebeard tales. This article presents the affinity existing between the female dream narra- tives - that is, the story a woman tells about a dream she had - and the fairy tale genre. In order to present the methods and ideas at the center of this article, I chose to focus on one dream narrative only, which should help to make the affinity between dream narratives and fairy tales clearer in a more general manner. The dream narrative presented in this article was taken from the framework of my doctoral thesis, which deals with the affinity between feminine dream narratives and fairy tales. 1 Even though the article deals with only one narrative, it is important to note that many of the other dream narra- tives gathered during the research possess characteristics similar to those presented in the chosen dream narrative regarding their affinity with fairy tales. This affinity, as it is discussed regarding the dream narrative, focuses on tale type AT 311, called Bluebeard. From the focal point of this affinity, this work relates to the question of the feminine voice in fairy tales and the gaps between the female dream narrative and the masculine versions of the Bluebeard fairy tales.


A versatile technique for obtaining the full-wave characteristics of structures composed of conductors and dielectrics is described. It involves the replacement of the dielectric regions by an equivalent interlocking array of thin-wall sections, to which appropriate surface impedances are then attributed. Through the use of a two-dimensional rooftop current representation and line-function testing of the electric field, matrix equations appropriate for propagation, radiation, and scattering problems are generated and solved. The focus is on the physical principles, and the usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by solving a wide variety of practical problems.<<ETX>>


Donna Crystal Llewellyn received her BA (major in Mathematics and minor in Economics) with High Honors from Swarthmore College in 1980. She went on to earn an MS in Operations Research from Stanford University in 1981 and a Ph.D. in Operations Research from Cornell University in 1984. After 30 years at Georgia Tech in a variety of roles, Donna became the Executive Director of the new Institute for STEM and Diversity Initiatives and Professor in the College of Innovation and Design at Boise State University in January 2015. Donna's current interests center around education issues in general, and in particular on increasing access and success of those traditionally under-represented and/or under-served in STEM higher education.


Systematic efforts are underway to address major flaws in the current diagnostic taxonomy of mental disorders, fostering hope that a new nosology might be based on brain biology. The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domains Criteria (RDoC) initiative aims to redefine mental illness leveraging information that spans molecular to behavioral levels of analysis. Major effort is still needed to forge multilevel conceptual and measurement models capable of representing knowledge within and across these levels. The development of such models may help refine and share complex hypotheses, and reduce the risk of replacing the current taxonomy with dimensions and/or categories that manifest little incremental biological validity. To create useful models we need to define concepts, relations among concepts, and links to supporting evidence. Some methods already enable representation of concepts and measures at the levels of behavioral and basic biological processes, but a major gap at the level of neural circuitry must be bridged to link basic biological and behavioral levels. We provide a schematic framework, using as an example the representation of selected " working memory " concepts and evidence across multiple levels of analysis as these have been described in the RDoC Workshops. This example illustrates multiple challenges and some possible solutions that may help clarify the aims of individual research projects and enable integration of diverse efforts on RDoC and related initiatives. It might be argued that the task of the psychologist, the task of understanding behavior and reducing the vagaries of human thought to a mechanical process of cause and effect, is a more difficult one than that of any other scientist.mains Criteria (RDoC) initiative, which targets the development of biologically based dimensions of pathology affecting mental health, has been stimulated by heightened awareness of a schism between the current taxonomy and scientifically informed models of mental illness. This article highlights several obstacles that will need to be overcome, and illustrates how tools from information sciences may help promote the design of systems for description and classification of psychological functioning that are aligned with scientific evidence. The ultimate goal of RDoC and allied initiatives is the construction of rational multiscale models of mental illness capable of traversing all the levels of biological and psychological knowledge from genome to syndrome. The impetus for these phe-nomics projects stemmed from earlier work suggesting that, as costs for genotyping dropped, the greatest challenges and opportunities for discovery would be found …


Galectin-3 (gal-3) plays a crucial role in various cellular events associated to tumor metastasis and progression. In this direction, gal-3 binding core-shell glyco-nanoparticles based on citrus pectin (CP) have been designed for targeted trigger responsive combination drug delivery. Depolymerization via periodate oxidation in heterogeneous medium yielded low molecular weight dialdehyde oligomers (CPDA) of CP with gal-3 binding property (kd= 160.90 µM). CPDA based core-shell nanoparticles prepared to enhance the gal-3 binding specificity via multivalent ligand presentation have shown to reduce the homotypic cellular aggregation, tumor cell binding with endothelial cells and endothelial tube formation, the major steps involved in the progression of cancer. Immune-fluorescence and flow cytometric analysis confirmed significant reduction in gal-3 expression on MDA-MB 231 cancer cells upon incubation with nanoparticles. An on-demand tumor microenvironment responsive release of drugs at low pH and, high concentrations of glucose and glutathione prevailing in tumor milieu, was achieved by introducing cleavable Schiff's base, boronate ester and disulphide linkages within the shell of the nanoparticles. Nanoparticles, with encapsulated sulindac in the core and doxorubicin (DOX) in the shell, demonstrated target specificity and enhanced internalization with synergistic cytotoxic effect with a 30 fold reduction in IC50 in DOX-resistant triple negative MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. Nanoparticles were radiolabeled with 131I radioisotope with ≥80% efficiency, while retaining its gal-3 binding property. Biodistribution studies of radiolabeled placebo nanoparticles and drug loaded CPDA nanoparticles demonstrated proof of concept of gal-3 targeting seen as preferential accumulation in the gal-3 expressing tissues of the gastric tract. The CPDA core shell nanoparticles are thus promising platforms for gal-3 targeting and inhibition of gal-3 mediated processes involved in cancer progression with a potential of radiolabeling, for in vivo monitoring or for delivering therapeutic dose of radiation, and on-demand triggered target specific drug release.


We prove some Ramsey-type theorems, where the colours are replaced by measurable subsets of a probability space. Such results can be also interpreted as percolation problems on N [2] , the complete graph over N, without requiring any specific assumption on the probability , such as independency. In particular, we provide sharp estimates on the probability of finding an infinite clique or an infinite monotone path in a random subgraph of N [2] .


The work represents the description of the collection Remarkable customs
 (regarding killing of the old men) by Vlastimir Stanimirovic, which is in
 the Ethnographic collection of the Archive of SANU under the number 325/12.
 The collection can be determined as a the?matic considering that all of the
 telling is referring by theme and motive to lapot or the custom of killing
 the old people. By analyzing them, the characteristics of the genre and
 intergenre pervasion of these forms of telling, the composition, the
 motives, the characters, and also the processes which are found as
 characteristic for narration noted in Stanimirovic?s collection are being
 determined.


Undergraduates' perceptions of the pros and cons of stress management based on the stages of change theory. Kamtsios Spiridon The aim of the study was the description and the definition of the stress management stages of change, as such the self-efficacy and the pros and cons for stress manage-ment during the stages. The study was held through questionnaires, all scales had acceptable levels of internal consistency (.62<α<.79). 405 undergraduates students participated. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the factorial validity of the Decisional Balance Inventory and the three factor solution: pros of stress management (5 questions), pros of stress (4 questions) and cons of stress management (3 questions). Some of the students appeared to have no intention of man-aging their stress more effectively (comtemplation & precontemplation), some other intended to do so (action & preparation), while some other appeared to cope successfully with the stressful situations they experienced (termination & maintenance). Post hoc analyses showed that significant differences were found between self-efficacy, pros of stress management and some of the stages. The results of the study showed that the assessment of readiness to change could be of valuable support in designed stage –specific interventions in the area of stress management. Also emphasizing the pros for stress management behaviors and decreasing cons and improving skills for stress management can help people become more ready to change behaviors for stress management.


A series of D–A copolymers containing dioctyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene (BdT) donor unit and different acceptor unit of bithiazole (BTz), thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TTz), dithienylylbenzothiadiazole (DTBT), and dithienyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP), PBdT-BTz, PBdT-TTz, PBdT-DTBT, and PBdT-DPP, were synthesized for the application as donor materials in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Bandgaps and HOMO (the highest occupied molecular orbital) energy levels of the copolymers were tuned effectively by using different acceptor units from 2.01 and −5.16 eV for PBdT-BTz, to 1.91 and −5.19 eV for PBdT-TTz, 1.70 and −5.09 eV for PBdT-DTBT, and 1.41 and −5.01 eV for PBdT-DPP. The PSCs based on the blend of PBdT-TTz (with a lower HOMO of −5.19 eV) and PC70BM (1:3 w/w) exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 3.40% with a Jsc of 5.50 mA/cm2, a high Voc of 0.90 V, and a high FF of 68.7%.


Sugar palm starch (Arenga pinnata) can be utilized for food and non-food products. The
natural properties of native starch are high viscosity, fast retrogradation problems,
unstable to heat and acid, and low paste resistance. Therefore, modifying sugar palm
starch is necessary to improve its physicochemical characteristics. Microwave and
acetylation are reported to be effective modification methods. In this research,
modification using a microwave was carried out at 13%, 18%, 23%, and 28% moisture
content, with a power of 200 W, 300 W, and 399 W. In general, increasing moisture
content and microwave power could decrease starch, amylose content, and swelling power
while solubility increases. The higher power applied reduced the starch granule size and
changed the pasting properties. All the treatments in this research did not change the
functional groups of the starch. The results showed that the starch with a moisture content
of 13% and a microwave power of 300 W could most effectively reduce the granule size
and swelling power. Subsequently, this condition opted for a combination modification
method with acetylation. The combination of acetylation and microwave modification on
sugar palm starch significantly decreased the starch and amylose content, swelling power,
solubility, and granule size and changed the pasting properties of the starch. However, the
combination of acetylation and microwave treatment had different effects on starch
content and solubility compared to the single acetylation modification in particular.
Overall, this result has demonstrated that dual modification of sugar palm starch could
improve the limitation of its native characteristics in terms of granule size, swelling
ability, gelatinization temperature, and retrogradation stability, which might be
advantageous for specific purposes of food processing.


The current research project work essentially deals with the synthesis of highly bright fluorescent nanoparticles which have the ability to emit wavelength shorter than that of the pumped wavelength. The synthesis was carried out using thermal decomposition method to dope lanthanide ions into the host lattice using lanthanum oxides as precursors. The Upconversion NPs formed were either capped by oleylamine or oleic acid, yielding their dispersibility in organic solvents and preventing them from agglomeration. We developed UCNPs having varied colours which can prove useful for barcoding and imaging purposes. Further, we functionalised our NPs with silica using reverse micro-emulsion technique. These bifunctional nanocomposites increase the stability of upconversion materials and prevent the escape of rare earth ions from the lattice. The characterization for all the particles was carried out using XRD, EDAX, FTIR, DLS and Zeta potential analysis.


This book offers a topical inquiry into the legal and political limits of European Union regulation in the field of risk and new technologies surrounded by techno-scientific complexity, uncertainty, and societal contestation. It uses agricultural biotechnology as a paradigmatic example to illustrate the complex intersection between environmental, public health, economic, and social concerns in risk regulation. The text analyses the drawbacks of the European Union approach to agricultural biotechnology showing that its reductionism, that is, the narrow understanding of the risks associated with genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as the exclusion of broader societal concerns related to environmental and social sustainability, has undermined both the legitimacy and effectiveness of EU regulation in this area. Resistance to this approach, however, has also triggered legal innovations prompting us to rethink EU internal market law, including the way in which it manages the tensions between unity and diversity, and between social and economic concerns. This book examines how far the EU can go in harmonizing regulatory approaches to risk. At the same time, it proposes new ways of rethinking EU risk regulation to make it more responsive to different perspectives on risk and technology.


X-ray emission spectroscopy has been successfully applied to the determination of aluminum, silicon, iron, uranium, and thorium in beryl I ium. Beryl I ium meta I was converted by pyrohydrol ysis to the oxide and the oxide pressed into a hygienically safe pellet using a thermal-setting resin as a binder. Concentration levels for all elements except aluminum were thosenormallyencountered in beryllium metal. Aluminum concentration was determined at levels up to 1 .0%.


ABSTRACT To evaluate the production performance of shale gas wells accurately, a quadruple-porosity medium model based on kerogen, the inorganic matrix, and natural-fracture–hydraulic-fracture network is proposed to simulate shale gas production. This model includes an apparent-kerogen permeability model to characterize the combined effects of gas slippage, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, stress sensitivity, and matrix shrinkage. The fractal theory is used to characterize the non-equidistant distribution of secondary fractures in the hydraulic fracture network quantitatively. In addition, the effect of the stress sensitivity of the hydraulic fracture network on the production is considered, and a numerical method for the quadruple-porosity model is presented. After the validation of the model with field production data, the sensitivity parameters were analyzed to study the effects of the apparent kerogen permeability, Langmuir volume, fractal dimension, primary and secondary fracture conductivities, geomechanical effect, stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), and inorganic-matrix permeability on the gas production. This study provides a theoretical model for a more accurate evaluation of the shale gas production and improves the shale gas seepage theory.


With the help of thermo-mechanical simulation and numerical simulation,the application of HTP process in high strength steel(yield strength is no less than 600 MPa) with the thickness less than 100 mm was discussed,in which Nb,Mn,Cr and B were added and two Nb content(0.09% and 0.05%) steel were contrasted.The results show that by using HTP and temper process,non-recrystallization temperature of steel plate is increased,homogeneity and toughness at center of ultra-heavy plate is obviously increased.The microstructure is mainly lath-like bainite on surface and at quarter,and grain bainite and black pearl-like at center of the thickness by different cooling rate.


Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine whether speaker variability and noise affect native and non-native listeners differently in Mandarin tone perception. Multi-speaker tone stimuli embedded in speech-shaped noise were presented blocked by speaker or mixed across speakers. The listeners included 20 native listeners and 33 non-native listeners with various degree of Mandarin proficiency, defined by years of Mandarin instruction and baseline performance. The results showed that the mixed-speaker presentation did not affect non-native listeners disproportionately, suggesting that speaker variability did not pose a special challenge to non-native listeners. In contrast, noise disrupted native and non-native perception differently, but it was the listeners with higher Mandarin proficiency that were affected disproportionately. These findings suggest that that not all sources of acoustic variability are equally disruptive to native and non-native speech perception.


Objective:To investigate the currency and development trend of clinical controlled trials of Chinese Medicine issued on journals in our country over 20 years.Methods:All of Chinese Medicine literatures concerning clinical controlled trial from Chinese Database of Science Journals during the period of 1989 to 2008 were retrieved and bibliometrical analysis on the quantity and constituent ratio of randomized controlled trial(RCT)literature and non-randomized controlled trial(non-RCT)literature of every year was performed.Results:The total number of articles of clinical controlled trial was 33399 including 19234 RCT articles(57.59%)and 14165 non-RCT articles(42.41%).The number and constituent ratio of RCT literature gradually increased while the constituent ratio of non-RCT smoothly decreased during the years.These was significant difference of constituent ratio of literature between RCT and non-RCT by runs test(P0.05).Conclusion:The number of clinical controlled trial literature gradually upgrades and the study emphasis conveys from non-RCT to RCT.


The imaginary part of tht nuclear optical potential for neutrons is calculated by means of a method of the volume direct processes, on the basis of the statistical independent particle model with a eiffuse nuclear surface. It is shown that the localization of the absorption near the surface, which was found by Bjorklund and Fernbach, can be reproduced using reaso nable values for the relevant parame~ers. The effect of the Pauli exclusion principle, of the energy dependence of the two-body collision cross section, of the mass number dependence of the parameters, and of the correlation between nucleons arc also discussed.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was originally identified as a reproductive disorder characterized by enlarged, sclerocystic ovaries, menstrual disturbances, obesity, infertility and hirsutism. PCOS is now recognized to be a metabolic syndrome which may include hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and possibly cardiac disease, as well as the more conventionally recognized increase in androgen levels, cosmetic problems, anovulation, infertility, endometrial cancer and obesity. The high prevalence of adverse metabolic features in women with PCOS translates into significantly increased risks for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other indicators of susceptibility to cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of PCOS in women of reproductive age has been reported to be about 610%, although a prevalence of 12.5-50 % has been reported in women with diabetes. It is now very well known that there is an epidemic of diabetes in Indian population and onset of Type 2 diabetes occurs at early age in Indian population. The correction or insulin resistance in PCOS not only helps in restoration of menstrual cycle and ovulation in PCOS but also, reduces overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and possibly cardiovascular disease. These findings can emphasize the need to begin awareness for effective treatment of insulin resistance by preventing associated lifestyle factors along with insulin sensitizing agents.


The review is initiated with the objective of assessing the role of dairy cooperatives in market oriented smallholders' development. For an agriculturally dependent country like Ethiopia, this review is important to know the role of dairy cooperatives in market oriented smallholders' development. Dairy development has enormous scope for rural development and national prosperity. Dairy cooperatives are needed to consolidate the efforts of small producers to provide processing and transport facilities on a large scale. Organizing farmers through dairy co-operatives can have many advantages over individual farming. First, co-operatives can improve or facilitate access to market information, reduce costs of marketing and can increase producers' access to technology, extension and related services, and thereby enhance efficiency in the process of production and marketing of dairy products. Second, dairy marketing co-operatives can help to decrease transaction costs and price risks, and enhance bargaining power of dairy producers. And explore the role of dairy cooperatives in market oriented smallholders' development. It entails the specific objectives of investigating the role of the cooperative in promoting linkages for access to services and marketing and enhancing knowledge and information sharing. The cooperative had many activities include: provision of dairy inputs, marketing, creating employment opportunities, having well designed organizational and financial systems and addressing development issues. Organizationally there was weak interaction among members and board members of the cooperative. The cooperative is performing good in promoting market oriented dairy development through creating market link to the urban and per-urban subsystems, collaborating with other dairy associations, public organizations, NGOs, projects and donors affiliated on MODD. Keywords: Dairy cooperatives, marketing, small holders, Ethiopia


Using wide-field Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 imaging and extensive Keck LRIS spectroscopy, we present a detailed study of the galaxy populations in MS 2053-04, a massive, X-ray-luminous cluster at z = 0.5866 ± 0.0011. Analysis of 149 confirmed cluster members shows that MS 2053 is composed of two structures that are gravitationally bound to each other; their respective velocity dispersions are 865 ± 71 km s-1 (113 members) and 282 ± 51 km s-1 (36 members). MS 2053's total dynamical mass is 1.2 × 1015 M☉. MS 2053 is a classic Butcher-Oemler cluster with a high fraction of blue members (24% ± 5%) and an even higher fraction of star-forming members (44% ± 7%), as determined from their [O II] λ3727 emission. The number fraction of blue/star-forming galaxies is much higher in the infalling structure than in the main cluster. This result is the most direct evidence to date that the Butcher-Oemler effect is linked to galaxy infall. In terms of their colors, luminosities, estimated internal velocity dispersions, and [O II] λ3727 equivalent widths, the infalling galaxies are indistinguishable from the field population. MS 2053's deficit of S0 galaxies combined with its overabundance of blue spirals implies that many of these late-type galaxies will evolve into S0 members. The properties of the blue cluster members in both the main cluster and infalling structure indicate that they will evolve into low-mass, L < L* galaxies with extended star formation histories like that of low-mass S0 galaxies in Coma. Our observations show that most of MS 2053's blue cluster members, and ultimately most of its low-mass S0 galaxies, originate in the field. Finally, we measure the redshift of the giant arc in MS 2053 to be z = 3.1462; this object is one in only a small set of known strongly lensed galaxies at z > 3.


ABSTRACT Portugal has a longstanding relationship with China and has benefited from the economic opportunities arising from closer economic ties with Beijing, especially in the wake of the 2011 international bailout and external assistance programme. Lisbon wants to do as much business with China as possible. On the other hand, the United States (US) is Portugal's most important ally. Thus, Lisbon has found itself caught between conflicting great-power interests. Amid rising US-China tensions, Lisbon has become a battlefield for both states' geostrategic political ploys. Portugal needs to navigate complex partnerships as the European Union (EU) lacks a consistent foreign and security policy towards China. Lisbon needs to strike a balance between the unfailing commitment to the US and loyalty to the EU on the one hand, and the economic relationship with Beijing on the other.


Partial transmit sequence is an efficient algorithm to solve the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM),but it requires high computational complexity.A suboptimal PTS algorithm based on cyclic iteration(C-IPTS) is proposed to solve this problem.In the proposed algorithm,the phase factor achieved by the previous iteration is set as the initial phase factor of the current search,thus the search is more close to the optimal phase factor after repetition.Moreover, the Metropolis rule is adopted to avoid the search being trapped in a local optimum solution,which provides higher freedom for the search of optimal phase factor,as a result,the PAPR performance is improved significantly.Simulation shows that C-IPTS algorithm can achieve good PAPR reduction with low computational complexity.


The invention relates to a machine head of an extruder and particularly relates to a machine head of a double-screw extruder with a cooling medium channel. The machine head comprises a machine head main body, wherein the machine head main body is provided with a flow channel and a heating rod hole; a cooling medium channel is formed in the periphery of the flow channel on the machine head main body; an air inlet pipeline of the cooling medium channel is provided with a solenoid valve; the machine head main body is provided with a temperature sensor; the temperature sensor is connected with a control unit; and the control unit is connected with the solenoid valve. According to the machine head disclosed by the invention, the cooling medium channel is additionally arranged on a traditional machine head and the temperature sensor and the solenoid valve are additionally arranged, so that a needed process temperature of the machine head is set according to process conditions, and the problems that heat decomposition happens when some materials are located on the machine head and the temperature is too high can be better solved.


To evaluate the reproducibility of oxygen‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the influence of different gas delivery methods, in a clinical environment.


Abstract in Undetermined Small-scale distributed generators connected to the low voltage network are generally operated with unity power factor. However, controlling their reactive power injection would have an impact on the voltage at their connection point, if the network is sufficiently weak and inductive. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a small-scale distributed generator connected to a low voltage network through a power electronic converter can be controlled to improve the voltage quality at its connection point. The possibility to control the voltage at a point in the low voltage network by reactive power injection is limited by two factors, the small rating of the distributed generator compared to the short-circuit power at its connection point and the resistive nature of the low voltage cables. Here, a scheme for inductively decoupling the distributed generator connection point from the network is proposed and evaluated. For this purpose, an inductance is placed between the network and the generator, allowing voltage regulation by reactive power injection. Simulation results and lab measurements show that the proposed scheme improves the voltage quality at the microturbine connection point. (Less)


In this article we present preliminary results on the comparison of stochastic local search algorithms for the Quadratic Assignment Problem. Our experimental comparison is based on re-implementations or adaptations of some high performing stochastic local search algorithms and it is done using default configurations and configurations tuned by F-race, a tool for the automatic tuning of parameters of stochastic algorithms.


Abstract Pure GaAs and GaAs1−xBix alloys with different Bi ratios (1 %, 2.5 %, 3.5 %) fitted with silver contacts were measured with a dielectric spectroscopy device. Dielectric characterization was performed at room temperature in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. GaAs exhibits three relaxation regions corresponding to space-charge, dipolar and ionic polarizations in sequence with increasing frequency while GaAs1−xBix samples show only a broad dipolar polarization in the same frequency range. This result proves the filling of the lattice with Bi through making a new bonding reducing the influence of ionic polarization. This finding supports the previous results concerning optical properties of GaAs1−xBix, presented in the literature.


It is a Saturday morning.Lin Tao has___classes today.After breakfast,he___.He is going to his grandpa's house. Now he is on the way there.After a while,he___a river.This river is not wide.There is a board(木板)___the river.Lin Tao___the board.Suddenly the board moves,and Lin Tao___the river."Help! Help!"Lin Tao is crying.But___comes.He___in the water for a few minutes.But nothing happens.He begins to___Aha,the water is not___It only comes to half his legs.


We read with great interest the study of Pleva et al1 comparing paclitaxel-eluting balloons (PEBs) with everolimus-eluting stents (EES) in patients with bare-metal in-stent restenosis. The results of this randomized trial suggest that PEBs reduce angiographic late lumen loss compared with EES in this scenario. However, other relevant late angiographic findings, including minimal lumen diameter and percent diameter stenosis, were similar in the 2 arms. Clinical outcome was also similar. Because these findings are of potential clinical value, but differ from the results of the RIBS V randomized trial …


The increasing incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms causing urinary tract infection (UTI) limits the choice of therapeutic agents to treat UTIs.1–4 It is increasingly becoming difficult for urologists to manage patients with the usual armamentarium of drugs. There is an urgent need to focus on novel options.3 We present the case of UTI with MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was resistant to all conventional drugs. The response to high-dose tigecycline prompted us to report this experience, along with a review of the existing literature.


Introduction For many potential mobile robot applications, current power supply technology (such as the lithium ion battery technology) is in fact a key limiting factor due to its low energy density. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) is a promising alternative and can overcome limitations of current battery technology. Especially, μ-SOFC with thin film electrolyte is promising due to lower ohmic resistance. Cathode electrode should have large specific surface area for small resistance. That is, cathode electrode should be porous with fine crystal grains. However, it was difficult to prevent the crystal grain growth when using a conventional ceramic process that requires high temperature sintering. La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3δ (LSCF) is the one of the most promising cathode material because LSCF has a high ionic and electronic conductivity, and fast oxygen surface exchange. Spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD) is a film formation technique by spraying precursor solution onto a heated substrate. SPD enables us to fabricate complex oxide of uniform composition in low temperature. Furthermore, not only dense film but also porous film can be obtained by controlling the depositing condition, such as the concentration of the precursor solution. The objective of this research is to demonstrate a porous LSCF thin film with fine grains by SPD.


Objective: To investigate the clinical value of diagnostic CT in 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging.Methods:We analysis retrospectively the data of PET/CT scan and diagnostic CT in 48 patients(29 males,19 females,average age of 56±10.5,accumulated from Oct.2005 to July 2007) who underwent PET/CT and diagnostic CT(Enhance CT).All patients was divided into 3 groups according to different image of PET/CT.18 cases who were found tumor by PET/CT in group1,diagnostic CT supplied precise blood-supply blood vessel and near tissue relationship about tumor for clinical require;15 cases who PET/CT imaging were negative in group 2;15 patients were PET/CT imaging positive,but can not decide nature were in group 3;SPN were found by PET/CT in 20 patients of group 4.Results: ①All of patients in group 1 dentified blood-supply blood vessel of tumor and relationship between tumor and near tissue by diagnostic CT.②Diagnostic conclusion of fifteen patients who already finished 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging was make sure or correct by diagnostic CT scan in group 2 and 3. Conclusions :Application of diagnostic CT can make up some shortage of routine PET/CT.


In this study, the IEEE 519 Standard as a basis benchmarking for voltage (THD V ) and current (THD I ) in draft performance. Comparative Study based onthree-techniques of 2-Level Converter (2LC) by using a Star-Connection Induction Motor (Y-CIM) in ExtraLow Voltage (ELV) Configuration.For the detail explanation, a primary inverter as Direct-Inverterby PWM direct (PWM) degreesand asecondary inverter as Inverse-Inverterby PWM inverse (PWM + PI) degrees. It tends a modified algorithm,for eachof SPWM in six rules, and FHIPWM in 5 th harmonics Injectedin standard modulation as the purpose for the Open-Ends of Pre-Dual Inverter in Decoupled SPWM for twelve rules, and Decoupled FHIPWM in combination of 5 th harmonics Injectedin combination of two-standard-modulation. Those techniques are the purpose of two-inverter combination, which namelythe Equal Direct-Inverse (EDI) algorithmproduct of prototyping in similarities. The observation is restricted in voltage scope between Simulation by using Power Simulator (PSIM)and Application by using Microcontroller ARM STM32F4 Discovery.


A number of acetals, aminoacetals, carboxamide acetals, and aromatic esters were synthesized and evaluated for topical repellency on human skin against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The aminoacetals exhibited the highest degrees of repellency, but none of the compounds rivaled N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide in terms of duration of protection. Repellency was related to volatility, and it is concluded that useful repellency is associated with a volatility range corresponding to a boiling point of 100–150°/0.5 mm. Two benzylic ethers were also examined and one of these was comparable to N,N‐diethyl‐m‐toluamide in duration of topical repellency.


For a kind at divergent series, introducing Abel summatione can lead to a new kind of convergence concept. This essay discusses the definition and quality of this kind of series and introduces several practical samples on the basis of this.


The printing of the English translation of Habermas' The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere has propelled critical social theorists examining the limits of democracy toward a search for signs of, and variations on, the particular public sphere theorized within its pages. This search, carried out in the determined manner of Freud's grandson's famous lost-and-found game, and nearing the urgency of King Lear's desire that his daughter draw breath, has led toward a public sphere that is not as retrievable as a toy on a string thrown from a pram nor as illusory as Cordelia's breath upon a feather. What it has led to is a public sphere as elusive as democracy itself. Habermas' (1974; 1989) notion of the public sphere, based on an historically-determined social formation first realized in early modem Europe, refers to the emergence of a critical and independent public domain, a space formed between the economy and the state, in which public opinion could be formed and thus exert influence over the government.' 1


The regulation of ammonium ion salvage by alpha-ketoglutarate (alpha KG) in crops was investigated by photometric assays of the activities of glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and aspartate transaminase (GOT), isolated from yam and sweet potato tubers (protein-deficient crops) and cream pea (protein-rich crop). Whereas the cream pea GDH and GOGAT were not inhibited by alpha KG, the yam tuber GDH was competitively inhibited (Ki of 1.3 mM) and the sweet potato GOGAT was noncompetitively inhibited (Ki of 1.0 mM) by alpha KG. The Km values of GDH and GOGAT for alpha KG were higher in the yam and sweet potato than in the cream pea. The GOTs were not inhibited by alpha KG. By inhibiting the GDH of yam tuber and the GOGAT of sweet potato, alpha KG may be reducing the efficiencies of the crops in ammonium ion salvage and in protein storage.


Geothermal systems utilizing carbon dioxide as the subsurface heat exchange fluid in naturally porous, permeable geologic formations have been shown to provide improved geothermal heat energy extraction, even at low resource temperatures, compared to conventional hydrothermal and enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Such systems, termed CO2 Plume Geothermal (CPG), have the potential to permit expansion of geothermal energy use while supporting rapid implementation. While most previous analyses have focused on heat transfer in the reservoir and surface components of CO2-based geothermal operations, here we examine wellbore heat transfer. In particular, we explore the hypothesis that wellbore flow can be assumed to be adiabatic for the majority of a CPG facility's lifespan. Introduction Part of the effort to limit CO2 emissions to the atmosphere requires that existing and emerging energy systems shift away from using fossil fuels as primary energy inputs and towards renewable sources that may be used to generate electricity. Renewable sources of primary energy, including geothermal heat, offer the potential to produce electricity with little or no operational CO2 emissions. The transition towards these renewable energy sources will be slow, in part because of embedded infrastructure that naturally turns over on the order of half a century, and in part because the high energy density of hydrocarbons and well-developed hydrocarbon power systems result in produced electricity that is inexpensive relative to other options. Given that CO2 emissions are increasing and unlikely to be abated by sudden and dramatic changes in how societies produce, convert, and use energy, applications that can use CO2 -particularly to produce electricity -may enable transitions to renewables that are not disruptive to economies and the climate. Numerous previous studies have discussed using supercritical CO2 as the subsurface working fluid for geothermal energy capture (e.g., [Brown, 2000], [Pruess, 2006; 2008], [Atrens et al., 2009], [Randolph and Saar, 2010; 2011]). Numerical analyses suggest CO2 transfers heat more efficiently than water, particularly in naturally permeable and porous geologic formations, i.e., in Randolph, Adams, Kuehn, Saar 2 CO2-Plume Geothermal (CPG) systems [Randolph and Saar, 2010; 2011], as a result of its relatively high mobility (inverse kinematic viscosity) and compressibility in deep geologic formations, the latter contributing to a strong thermosyphon [Atrens et al., 2009, Adams et al., in preparation]. Therefore, CO2-based geothermal operations may permit use of lower temperature and lower permeability geologic formations than those currently deemed economically viable. CPG systems involve injecting CO2 -produced by hydrocarbon power systems and/or other industries -into deep, naturally porous and permeable geologic formations where the CO2 displaces native reservoir fluid and is heated by the natural insitu heat and the background geothermal heat flux. A portion of the heated CO2 is piped to the surface, providing energy for electricity production or direct heat utilization, before being returned to the subsurface. Enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) using CO2 as the subsurface heat transfer medium are designed very similarly to water-based EGS but, like CPG, achieve many of the advantages of CO2 over water (e.g., [Pruess, 2006]). With either system, the injected CO2 is ultimately geologically stored, though CPG provides far larger CO2 storage capacities and higher energy electricity production efficiency [Randolph and Saar, 2011]. Previous CPG analyses [Randolph and Saar, 2010; 2011], as well as many CO2-based EGS studies (e.g., [Atrens et al., 2009], [Pruess, 2006; 2008]), have focused on subsurface heat transfer or surface components of the system while assuming minimal or no heat loss or gain in the production or injection wells, respectively, and no wellbore frictional losses. To ensure the accuracy of future CPG studies, wellbore flow and heat transfer assumptions -in particular, that of adiabatic expansion/compression -are examined in detail in the present investigation. In the wells, heat is transferred with surrounding rock, and frictional effects between the flowing fluid and the pipe wall result in pressure loss. Back-of-the envelope calculations reveal Reynolds numbers on the order of 10 for CO2 pipeflow, suggesting large advective heat transfer coefficients. However, this effect may be offset by the low effective thermal conductivity of the subsurface solid-fluid complex. Moreover, the low dynamic viscosity of supercritical CO2, together with the relative smoothness of the nickel-steel pipe generally required for CO2 wells, Figure 1: Several potential implementations of CO2-based geothermal systems (modified after Randolph and Saar [2011]). Randolph, Adams, Kuehn, Saar 3 suggest frictional losses are low. These opposing factors indicate further wellbore analysis is warranted and, thus, is presented below. Heat Transfer Model and Theory A simple, quasi-one-dimensional transient heat transfer model is generated, as shown in Figure 2, representing the buoyant ascent of heated CO2 from the reservoir to the surface. We assume that convective heat transfer outside of the wellbore is negligible. While future studies may allow consideration of convective flow, neglecting it is considered reasonable because reservoir formations chosen for CPG installations will, by necessity, be overlain by large extents of lowpermeability caprock -ensuring injected CO2 is trapped in the reservoir -with minimal potential for fluid flow and, hence, convective heat exchange. We further assume that temperature gradients in the vertical direction are much less than in the radial direction. Thus, vertical heat transfer is assumed negligible compared to radial transfer, permitting the model to be one-dimensional in the radial direction. The model contains 6 radial grid blocks with radii of 0.125m, 2m, 10m, 20m, 40m, and 100m; and 10 grid blocks in the axial direction at even increments of 250m. Finer radial and vertical grid refinements were tested but found to be unnecessary for the purpose of this investigation. We develop the model using Engineering Equation Solver (EES) for its simultaneous equation solving ability in a single axial slice and efficient retrieval of thermodynamic property data, where the latter is based on Span and Wagner [1996]. EES is linked iteratively with MATLAB on a macro-level to process and store axial and time increment results. Heat transfer and frictional losses should be more significant in CPG production wells, as opposed to injection wells, because of higher fluid temperature and flow velocity for relatively low density produced CO2. Thus, we focus here on production well behavior. The CO2 fluid conditions at the bottomhole well inlet are fixed at 25 MPa, 100°C, and 80 kg/s, consistent with the base case of previous investigations [Randolph and Saar, 2010; 2011]. Heat transfer is found for a buoyant CO2 rise of 2.5 km, while the surrounding rock temperature is set initially to a linear geothermal gradient of 35 C/km and a mean annual surface temperature of 12.5 C. The radial temperature boundary condition at grid 6, 100 m from the well, is set equal to this geothermal gradient. The pipe wall is neglected in the heat transfer analysis, Figure 2: One-dimensional heat transfer model schematic (not to scale). Randolph, Adams, Kuehn, Saar 4 as its high thermal conductivity offers little resistance to heat transfer compared to the rock. The rock is assumed to have 10% porosity, and conservatively high thermal conductivity and heat capacity are assumed for the effective, combined water-rock system. For a summary of the nomenclature used in the following analysis, see Table 1, and for a full set of model parameters, see Table 2 (Appendix). Three unique energy balance cases are applied across each axial slice: a fluid convection boundary condition case (for the rock element bounding the wellbore), a center-grid conduction-only case, and a prescribed temperature outer boundary condition. For the convective boundary case, consider the annular volume segment i, with inner radius (the wellbore) ri,inner, outer radius ri,outer, the radius of the next segment ri+1,outer, and having thickness ∆z. An energy balance across the element yields storage conduction out convection in q q q = − , , , where the general forms of each are: dt dT C V q dr dT A k q T A h q rock rock storage tional cross rock conduction surface x convection ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = ∆ ⋅ ⋅ =


New liquid crystalline phosphorus derivatives were synthesized as a core model compound and/or a model compound of the component for semiflexible liquid crystalline polymers. Alkoxy, oligo ethylene oxide, or chiral moieties were introduced into the terminal group of rigid moiety in order to investigate the effect of the terminal group on the thermal properties of the phosphorus derivatives. A nematic phase appears for the phosphorus derivative with alkoxy moieties or oligo ethylene oxide chain, while a mesophase is observed for the phosphorus derivative with a chiral moiety. Some phosphorus derivatives were thermally stable until more than 300°C.


Abstract Orthorhombic α″ phase often forms in Ti alloys through martensite transformation during quenching. Here, we report the formation of orthorhombic α″ phase in a low modulus β-Ti alloy during isothermal ageing. The coexists with α and ω phases, and remains stable for 120 h during ageing at 673 K. The phase is highly coherent with the β matrix, sharing the same basic orientation relationship as phase: //[0 0 2]α″, [1 0 0]β//[1 0 0]α″, [0 1 1]β//[0 1 0]α″. But differing from orthorhombic phase, the lattice constants of phase are determined as a = 0.352 nm, b = 0.494 nm, and c = 0.464 nm.


An old maxim holds that too much of a good thing can be bad for your health. That maxim pretty well sums up U.S. agriculture's predicament in 1994. The nation's crop producers produced record harvests and livestock producers sent record amounts of meat to the nation's meat counters. The abundance of food, however, brought the industry back to its traditional problem--record supplies bring low prices. Hence, farm income declined in 1994. Fortunately, most farmers and ranchers had healthy balance sheets to cushion the fall.> Drabenstott and Barkema review the farm economy in 1994 and consider the outlook for 1995. The farm economy should stabilize. While crop prices will probably stay low, export markets should lend some support to crop prices as recovering economies in Europe and Asia boost world food demand. Also, relatively low feed prices will brighten livestock prospects, particularly if cattle and hog prices continue to recover from 1994 lows. A new farm bill will be written in 1995 and, while the new bill will have little if any effect on the farm economy in 1995, the major overhaul of farm programs that now seems possible will have a lasting impact in years to come.


The Internet of Things (IoT) concept describes the intelligent connectivity of smart devices using Internet connectivity. In a continuously developing IoT environment, companies try different approaches for predictive maintenance as a solution to reduce costs and the frequency of maintenance activities. Such an environment can natively foster predictive maintenance as it integrates information from different equipment to derive insights and predictions. This paper proposes a deployment model for predictive maintenance approaches on industrial equipment by processing and analyzing their audio signals. Proper maintenance scheduling is necessary to prevent business costs and maintain the equipment in operational capability. The authors propose a system architecture to make predictive maintenance applicable in different industrial scenarios. The implementation exploits deep learning neural networks to detect anomalies and further classify them into categories. These machine learning techniques enable predictions of equipment's conditions and thus maintenance services can be performed


Abstract A kinetic study of the radical copolymerization of vinyl chloride with acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, or styrene, using the chromatographic method, shows that penultimate effects are observed in all cases, chiefly for the acrylonitrile case (rcc = 0.03, rac = 3.0). The conjugated monomer induces a stronger penultimate effect than the unconjugated vinyl chloride; this effect might be correlated with the e values of the Q-e scheme. A strong antepenultimate effect is observed on the styrene ended radicals (rsss = 3.0, rcss = 20.0, rscs = 18.5, rccs = 2.7), which might be related to a steric effect.


With developing concerns, in renewable energy sources can improve which is an increasing amount. This paper reviews both the vitality of the wind and the photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion strategies. And their maximumpower-point tracking (MPPT) methods. Then, a new Grid tied wind–PV cogeneration generation using back to back voltage source converters system is proposed. For the wind power generation permanent-magnet synchronous machine is used to capture the maximum wind power by using optimum speed control. For the PV power generation boost converter is adopted to harness the maximum solar power by tuning


After the discovery of Buddha's relics in Wenshang Baoxiang Temple in 1994,the tourism of Wenshang County developed rapidly,but a sery of problems also appear in the development.This paper analyzes Wenshang tourism from the following four aspects with SWOT analysis method: advantages,disadvantages,opportunities and threat.Based on the analysis,some strategies and suggestions are put forward to promote the tourism development in Wenshang County.The tourism should be centered on Buddha culture,develop tour items reasonablely,and improve the construction of infrastruture and the qulity of practitioners in order to promote the tourism development in Wenshang County.


In this paper, we consider the stabilization control of underactuated crane systems with guaranteed transient performance. By incorporating prescribed performance bound (PPB) technique, the underactauted cranes are stabilized exponentially with a guaranteed convergence rate. Meanwhile to avoid the "explosion of terms" due to backstepping, dynamic surface approach is also applied. It is proved that stabilization error could be made arbitrarily small by adjusting the control parameters. Experiment results illustrate the theoretic conclusion of this paper.


Two-component systems and phosphorelays are major mechanisms by which microorganisms sense environmental stimuli and respond by gene activation and other means. Phosphorelays are used where several signals impinge on the regulatory pathway and, in the sporulation phosphorelay, at least, where the flow through the pathway is subject to several phosphatases acting on the response regulator domains. While multidomain kinases and phosphorelays are rare in bacteria, they are the rule in eukaryotes; two-component systems and CheA-like kinases are not found in eukaryotes. The original compilation of two-component systems in E. coli categorized the systems on the basis of homology of the DNA-binding domains of the response regulator. The two largest families of two-component systems are the OmpR (class III) and NarL (class II) families based on the structures of their DNA-binding domains. Clostridium acetobutylicum is the only gram-positive obligate anaerobe whose genome has been fully sequenced to date. In the phosphorelay, two families of phosphatases, the Rap and the SpoOE families, specifically dephosphorylate the SpoOF~P and SpoOA~P response regulators, respectively. These phosphatases are differentially induced by physiological conditions antithetical to sporulation, such as those conditions that promote growth or competence to DNA transformation. The competition between signal input provided by the kinases and signal cancellation carried out by the phosphatases determines the final output of the system and therefore whether or not the cell will initiate the process of sporulation.


The Muslim scholar Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad b. ʿAlī al-Maqrīzī (1364–1442 CE) discussed Jewish festivals several times in his works, including once in al-Khabar ʿan al-Bashar fī Ansāb al-ʿArab wa-Nasab Sayyid al-Bashar. In this source, in which he describes seven (actually eight) Jewish festivals, it is clear that he relied on Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Wahhāb al-Nuwayrī (1272–1332 CE). However, there are several significant differences between al-Maqrīzī's account and al-Nuwayrī's that this article will examine.


Due to the high manufacturing cost of Nickel based alloy compressor blisks, aero engine repairing process research has important engineering significance and economic value. Inconel718 Ni-based superalloy has the advantages of irradiation, corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical and processing properties. In this paper, a production process for the laser additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing technologies was presented to repair a microcrack of Inconel 718. The whole repairing process includes four steps. Firstly, a pulsed laser was used to clean and etch the crack through materials subtractive. Secondly, a high-power continuous wave laser was used to additive material in the crack by laser deposition. Thirdly, a pulsed laser was applied to remove the excess repair material. Finally, a fiber laser was used to polish surface. The results showed that defect-free repair samples can be obtained with proper processing parameters. Metallurgical bonding could be achieved between the melting Inconel718 powder and the substrate under the action of a high-energy laser beam. The columnar dendrite and inter-dendritic structure in the repair zone are epitaxially grown along the deposition direction. The microstructure in the repair zone was fine and uniform due to the high gradient, high-speed solidification characteristics of the laser rapid fusion. The micro-hardness of the repaired tissue reduced to about 87% of the matrix and there was no new phase produced in the repair zone.


Through arranging and analyzing many history material and ancient books and referenced works,restricted view booming and enterprising Song dynasty garden,its influences by Song dynasty literature were traced back.Those proved that Chinese literator and literature had comprehensive and profound influences on garden and cared the importance of landscape designer literature accomplishment.


Abstract Aims The purpose of the study was to show the effects of drug management, home arrangements, and exercise combined program on falling and quality of life in older adults. Methods The multidisiplinary study was conducted with 41 participants aged 65-74 years registered with three Family Health Centers. A combined program which consist of drug management, home arrangements, and exercise program was applied them individually for six months. Data were collected by self-report using a Sociodemographic Form, Domestic Environmental Risk Factors of Falling Form, Fall Risk Assessment Scale, SF-36 Quality of Life Scale, and Follow-up Form. Results The mean age of the participants was 69.1 ± 3.1 years, and were (F/M:37/4). After three and six months the domestic environmental risk factors of falling, fall numbers, risk and SF-36 quality of life subscales decreased significantly compared to baseline assessment (p<.05). Conclusions The multidisciplinary program reduced the number of falls, the risk of falling and improved quality of life.


The purpose of Financial Accounting is to provide users of financial statements with information that is useful for efficient decision making. According to the FASB [1978, par. 34], financial reporting should provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit, and similar decisions. Consequently, any event that is likely to affect a firm's current financial position or its future performance should be reported in its annual accounts. In order to provide the users of financial statements with relevant information for investment and credit decision making, standard setting bodies should develop guidelines for the identification of intangible elements, a set of criteria for their valuation and adequate standards for financial reporting. This paper intends to provide a starting point for that endeavor by reviewing the literature published to date in three areas: (i) the economic nature, definition and classification of intangibles, (ii) the relevance of intangibles for investment and lending decisions, and (iii) the ways in which the current accounting model may be modified in order to provide useful information on the determinants of the firms' financial position in their financial statements.


Business intelligence (BI) encompasses an environment to capture, integrate, transform, and provide decision support data to end users. Within such a system, online analytical processing (OLAP) enables data from a data warehousing environment to be made available to users in a usable format, thus providing strategic information for decision making. OLAP supports business decision making and business intelligence. In contrast to data warehousing, OLAP provides the channel that connects the online user and online data. Through this channel the user is connected with the information they need to perform various analytical activities including drill down and roll up, slice and dice, and visualizing data in various ways. OLAP tools support many kinds of multidimensional data analyses such as statistical and ratio computation, aggregation, comparison, and forecasting. Interest in OLAP is increasing because it puts more powerful tools online to deliver the right kind information to the right user. This paper describes unique characteristics of OLAP, its role in business intelligence, and value to business. Challenges and future directions will also be discussed.


The purpose of this paper is to outline the electrochemical noise method as a way of evaluating quickly (screening) coatings formulations in the laboratory. The standard configuration requires two test specimens and a reference electrode. Equipment is relatively inexpensive and is computer controlled. Data analysis is quite simple but to improve accuracy some treatment of the plots may be necessary. Some previously published results for application to water‐borne coatings both intact and when scratched are reproduced here to illustrate the method. Comparison has been made with DC techniques. Application of the method to detached coatings is included.


Increasing the operating frequency of SIS receivers requires a shift from Nb/Al-AlOX/Nb junctions to new material systems. Two major limiting factors of higher frequency operation are the increase in subgap leakage that occurs in AlOX barriers as current densities approach and exceed 10 kA/cm2 and the increased loss in Nb electrodes above ~ 700 GHz. A promising alternative structure is the hybrid Nb/Al-AlN/NbTiN junction. Realization of these devices has been difficult due to the challenge of fabricating devices with repeatable current densities and electrical characteristics. We present on the fabrication and dc testing of Nb/AIN/NbTiN junctions. The A1N barrier is formed using our inductively coupled plasma (ICP) technique which allows for independent control of both ion energy and current density. This improved control enables the repeatable synthesis of high quality and high Jc barriers. Nb and NbTiN electrodes are deposited by unbalanced dc magnetron. A new fabrication process was developed to enable fabrication of junctions with area as small as 0.28 mum2. The relationship between barrier thickness and plasma conditions is determined by in-situ discrete ellipsometry. Ellipsometry results were verified by comparison with measured current-voltage characteristics. I(V) curves for a range of junction sizes are presented. Plans for in-situ Faraday monitoring of the energy and current density of the ICP nitridation plasma will also be discussed.


Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the effect of metaphor "Digital India-Power to Empower" on citizens' intention to adopt the e-governance while taking citizens' attitude and emotional attachment with Digital India as mediating variables between citizens' involvement and intention to adopt e-governance.

Design/methodology/approach

After reviewing the extant literature and using the learning from Technology Acceptance Model-Extension (TAME), a conceptual model has been proposed. The model is empirically tested on 224 respondents from India using structural equation modeling technique.

Findings

The paper suggested that the metaphoric promotion of E-Governance leads to a higher intention to adopt E-Governance. Metaphoric promotion has a positive influence on citizen involvement with E-Governance, which leads to positive attitude toward E-Governance. This positive attitude leads to citizens' emotional attachment with E-Governance, which in turn leads to citizens' positive behavioral intention to adopt E-Governance. In addition, there is a significant difference in attitude toward E-Governance with respect to education level and metro city dwelling, but there is no difference in intention to adopt E-Governance with respect to education and metro city dwelling.

Research limitations/implications

As there is a dearth of research on the usage of metaphor by government and its effect on citizens' adoption of E-Governance, a conceptual model has been prepared by using learning from metaphor studies majorly in non-government services.

Originality/value

As marketing and metaphors are rarely spoken words in E-Governance research, present study starts the much-needed conversation. In the past, adoption of E-Governance is studied in terms of technology attributes using TAM Model. The present study is first to explore the behavioral impact of E-Governance metaphoric promotion on citizens' intention to adopt E-Governance based on TAME model. It raises the issue of marketing foundation of E-Governance in mobilizing the citizens' intention to adopt the E-Governance.


The density of deuterium oxide has been determined over the range 20-200° by means of a sealed- dilatometer. The densities above the boiling point are found to be higher than those reported by previous workers.

The applicability of the Verschaffelt equation to ascociated systems of the water type has been examined, and it is shown that the exponent has different values for ranges of temperature below and above the boiling point, and is substantially lower than that found for a normal liquid.


Hitachi has been developing a motor voltage regulator (MVR) having such new functions as self-check, failure memory, and monitoring by adopting direct digital control (DDC) using microprocessors in order to make electric locomotives more reliable, maintainable, and controllable. Improvements of control characteristics are reported in a bench test of a prototype MVR with DDC for ac electric locomotives (continuous rated output: 3000 kw).