Some say it all started as a game, and linguistic game has probably started as an exclamation. However, to begin the story of Ukrainian palindrome we will start with graffiti. It's a small 3-letters-long inscription 'ANA' written on the wall of St.Sophia cathedral in Kyiv dating back to XI century AD. There are hundreds of graffiti left on the walls of this ancient cathedral, but there is a reason why that rather insignificant word drew our special attention. Judging from the place of inscription and its graphological imprint, experts argue it might be written by princess Anna Yaroslavna (c. 1030 – 1075), future Queen Anne of France. Anna could read and write, which was rather exceptional for a royal offspring at that time, and though author of the graffiti is not certain, the probability of connection between the royal hand and first written palindrome in Ukrainian history is rather remarkable. Another important thing is the place where the palindrome is found – temple's wall. As mentioned by Dmitri A. Borgmann and other researchers, palindromes in ancient times where used as a tool to communicate sacred meanings. Not exactly the case here, but image of young princess self-reflecting at the temple's rock is not devoid of some mystic charm.


In this paper we present a proof of the Hecke quantum unique ergodicity rate conjecture for the Berry-Hannay model. A model of quantum mechanics on the two dimensional torus. In the paper " Quantization of linear maps on the torus-Fresnel diffraction by a periodic grating " , published in 1980 [BH], the physicists Sir M.V. Berry and J. Hannay explore a model for quantum mechanics on the two dimensional symplectic torus (T, ω). Berry and Hannay suggested to quantize simultaneously the functions on the torus and the linear symplectic group Γ = SL 2 (Z). One of their main motivations was to study the phenomenon of quantum chaos [R2, S] in this model. More precisely, they considered an ergodic discrete dynamical system on the torus, which is generated by an hyperbolic automorphism A ∈ SL 2 (Z). Quantizing the system, we replace: the classical phase space (T, ω) by a Hilbert space H , classical observables, i.e. functions f ∈ C ∞ (T), by operators π (f) ∈ End(H) and classical symmetries by a unitary representation ρ : SL 2 (Z) −→ U(H). A fundamental meta-question in the area of quantum chaos is to understand the ergodic properties of the quantum system ρ (A), at least in the semi-classical limit as → 0. 1 0.3 Hecke quantum unique ergodicity This question was addressed in a paper by Kurlberg and Rudnick [KR1]. In this paper they formulated a rigorous definition of quantum ergodicity for the case = 1 p. The following is a brief description of that work. The basic observation is that the representation ρ factors through the quotient group Γ p ⋍ SL 2 (F p). We denote by T A ⊂ Γ p the centralizer of the element A, now considered as an element of the quotient group Γ p. The group T A is called (c.f. [KR1]) the Hecke torus corresponding to the element A. The Hecke torus acts semisimply on H. Therefore we have a decomposition: where H χ is the Hecke eigenspace corresponding to the character χ. Considering a unit vector v ∈ H χ , one defines the Wigner distribution W χ : C ∞ (T) −→ C by the formula W χ (f) := v|π (f)v. The main statement in [KR1] asserts about an explicit bound of the semi-classical asymptotic of W χ (f): W χ (f) − T f ω ≤ C …


Abstract Spray application offers low-cost and efficient application of biologics and reduced concerns regarding diverse water quality and medicator/proportioner function. However, little is known about how environmental conditions may modify preening and associated ingestion of spray-applied biologics. We evaluated the effect of selected photo intensities, sound levels, and ambient temperatures on preening behavior and ingestion of spray-applied biologics on day-of-hatch chicks. Data from these experiments suggest that temperature, sound, and especially photointensity may play a major role in determination of preening behavior in day-of-hatch chicks. Increasing photointensity (0 to 115.5 FC) at the time of spray application resulted in marked and significant increases in preening and preening-associated ingestion of spray-applied products. Furthermore, changes in sound intensity (56 to 83 dB) or temperature (35 to 22°C) increased cumulative preening events. These data indicate that control of selected environmental conditions is essential for optimal ingestion of spray box-applied biologics.


The present invention provides a method performed by a base station and a base station. Said method comprising the steps of: a step of transmitting a control channel signal to the mobile terminal, the control channel signal comprises: modulation and coding scheme index, information about resource blocks from the mobile terminal to the base station to be used, and a channel quality information trigger symbol, the channel quality information trigger symbol trigger aperiodic channel quality information report transmitted to the mobile terminal to the base station; transmitting step of setting the channel quality information to the base station trigger symbol, the modulation and coding scheme index of the control channel signal is a predetermined value, indicating the number of resource block information about the resource block is less than or equal to the predetermined number of resource blocks, the mobile terminal receives from the aperiodic channel quality the information of the shared channel and the uplink data without multiplexing the aperiodic channel quality information report.


The main objective of this research was to describe the reaction of each woody plant species in front of the fire. So, we proposed an experimental design of firewood burning that we carried out in the study area: Antofagasta de la Sierra, Catamarca. This work constitutes the starting point toward a new way to analyze the archaeobotanical record in relation to the use of woody resources


A sending and displaying device which senses and displays the replacement period of an air filter of a high voltage thyristor converter is provided to prevent the damage of components within a converter and thyristor which is caused by high temperature by displaying pressure and temperature when air temperature is in an abnormal state. A pressure sensor(21) senses the inner pressure of a closed-typed switchboard and outputs an electrical signal proportional to the pressure sensing. A temperature sensor(22) senses the temperature of air out-flowing from the switchboard and outputs an electrical signal proportional to the temperature sensing. A pressure display unit(25) is controlled by a controller(20) and displays the pressure of the entire switchboard. A temperature display unit(26) displays the temperature of the air out-flowing from the switchboard. If the pressure and the temperature exceeds the set value, the controller turns on/off first and second alarm lamps(23,24).


As its name suggests, Discipline of Comparative Politics (KSD) is the product of an effort to make all these disciplines speak at a common interface by making use of many social science fields, rather than being a strictly framed social science discipline. Due to this nature, it has become inevitable for KSD to represent an interdisciplinary approach in which basic fields of activity such as economy, culture, science, and politics are combined, rather than displaying a unitary rigidity. On the other hand, the fact that the difference in the levels of comparison has caused some methodological problems has left the KSD with the danger of self-evident impartiality, which considers it only to take a descriptive inventory of political relations. Despite all this, KSD was not confined to this narrow framework, and succeeded in creating a multilateral approach to analysis and interpretation in pursuit of its interdisciplinary understanding by nature. This study aims to make a critical evaluation of the KSD literature, which tries to reveal the differences and commonalities of all social structures and institutions in the world, at the macro and micro level, by examining them comparatively. For this purpose, leading studies in the literature were used and these studies were subjected to a comparative and critical examination.


Shepherding's practices fitted with flock behaviour and appropriated to range characteristics In industrial countries although sheep farmers often resort nowadays to fencing in grazing their flocks, this technique has not eliminated shepherding. The question is to gain better insight into why sheep farmers are interested in shepherding and into the techniques used by the shepherds. We carried out a study in an area of Mediterranean France where shepherding is still practised. Our work dealt with some 20 shepherds and involved a survey and the monitoring of the flock over a full shepherding day during which the shepherd was able to explain in situ the rules he applied. We describe different supervision techniques implemented by men being different in the way they view shepherding but for the most part keen. They mobilise different types of knowledge outcome from animal behaviour's basic rules adjusted to the nature of the environment. With the advent of valorisation of remote areas invaded by scrub and often display a complex topography and cannot be fenced and with the advent of quality animal production, shepherding techniques require careful knowledge. These skills are the roots of a trade and be able to transmit them may be essential.


AUTHOR Russell, Steven C.; And Others TITLE Teachers Teaching Teachers: The Art of Working Together and Sharing. PUB DATE Mar 94 NOTE 12p.; In: Montgomery, Diane, Ed. Rural Partnerships: Working Together. Proceedings of the Annual National Conference of the American Council on Rural Special Education (ACRES) (14th, Austin, Texas, March 23-26, 1994); see RC 019 557. PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) Reports Descriptive (141)


Resumen en: Historian Richard Hofstadter's observations about American cold-war politics are used to contextualize Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revoluti...


In the mammalian cochlea, self-sustaining oscillation of the basilar membrane in the cochlea can cause vibration of the ear drum, and produce spontaneous narrow-band air pressure fluctuations in the ear canal. These spontaneous fluctuations are known as spontaneous otoacoustic emissions. Small perturbations in feedback gain of the cochlear amplifier have been proposed to be the generation source of self-sustaining oscillations of the basilar membrane. We hypothesise that the self-sustaining oscillation resulting from small perturbations in feedback gain produce spontaneous potentials in the cochlea. We demonstrate that according to the results of the model, a measurable spontaneous cochlear microphonic must exist in the human cochlea. The existence of this signal has not yet been reported. However, this spontaneous electrical signal could play an important role in auditory research. Successful or unsuccessful recording of this signal will indicate whether previous hypotheses about the generation source of...


Objective Modeling on the processes of human heroin addicton and abstention treatment → heroin readdiction and re-abstention treatment →a third heroin addiction and abstention treatment, to set up the model of heroin addiction and re-addiction.Methods Applying the method of gradual increasing of dosuages, rats were given subcutaneous injection of heroin and then became addicted to heroin. Methadone-Buprenorphine-clonidine were used to abtain heroin addicted rats. And then the rats of addiction and obstention were repeated two times in the same procedure. Rats were divided into control group and model group. Naloxone was used to replace the test of hastening dependence. The symptoms of abstention from taking heroin were evaluated by the method of Maldonado's.Results The mean parameters measured from the rats in the first, second and third periods of heroin-addiction and re-addiction were significantly higher than those of heroin-abstented group and control group.Conclusion The model of heroin-readdicted rat is firmly established by the subcutaneous injection of gradually-increased dosuges of heroin.


Method and system for providing data representative of the crankshaft position. For each rising edge of the crankshaft signal, a position value and factor values are stored in the reference table. Use cam signal and the crankshaft signal, locating the initial crankshaft position. The initial position value, used as a pointer to the reference table increases with each rising pulse of the crankshaft signal. Using data from the reference table, extrapolated crankshaft position from the crankshaft signal value, to a desired resolution in the angle in degrees.


Purpose- This study seeks to investigate customer's attitude towards banking following Bank of Ghana's banking sector cleanup exercise with focus on market women in the Yilo Krobo municipality. This manuscript represents a starting base for similar researches to be conducted in other selected municipalities in Ghana. Methodology- The study considered both the primary data source which were obtained through the use of self-administered survey questionnaires from a total of 198 conveniently selected market women in the Yilo Krobo Municipality of Ghana, and secondary data source mainly through the review of existing literatures from journals, newspapers and articles. Findings- The study revealed an opposing attitude towards banking among market women, as more than 70% of market women in the municipality had their banks or financial institutions dissolved and for that matter losing their business capital and personal savings. This position has resulted in only a few market women (18%) maintaining high confidence in the banking sector. The majority of market women rated their confidence level as moderate (41%), low (33%) and no (8%), citing unpaid locked up funds, the fear of losing their savings again, loss of trust and to some extent a suspicion of political interferences in banking activities in the country as reasons for their ratings. Conclusion- It is recommended that, a similar exercise should not be carried out in the future as its ripple effects on customers can further ruin their trust completely in the banking sector. Furthermore, in the wake of dissolution of any institution, a much more attention should be given to how customers will be paid as early as possible to save their businesses and livelihoods.


The tool used in the study, Six Bricks, comprises of a set of LEGO® DUPLO® bricks in six bright colours (red, green, yellow, dark blue, light blue and orange). It is a simple tool to introduce learning through play, through fun and short activities through which children can practice a variety of skills. The activities are designed to be repeated daily and are thought to develop mental readiness in which the child focuses and concentrates for a limited period. The activities are thought to promote the development of social and emotional areas, language and mathematics, and executive functioning skills. The activities are also thought to develop sensory and perceptual skills which include; tactile discrimination, gross and fine motor skills, memory skills, and auditory and visual perception (Hutcheson, Frank, & Smith, 2014). These short activities are teacher-guided, but open-ended with plenty of opportunities for children to control and direct their own learning.


One of the most striking features of the economic development in the past three decades is the decline in the share of national income that accrues to labour in all advanced economies (China included), but especially in Europe and Japan. This evolution has been most marked in Italy, possibly worsened by a stagnation of real wages and a progressive reduction of total factor and worker productivity, as compared with EU countries. In the last years productivity gains in Italy were indeed negative. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the main sources of variation of these phenomena, with a focus on Italy.The most important causes of the reduction of labour income share are the information and communications technology (ICT), the globalisation processes (labour globalisation, trade, offshoring and immigration), and labour policies brought about by national governments. An IMF study (2007) estimated that the causal role of ICT on the reduction of labour share in advanced countries was the most important, followed by globalisation and labour national policies. The negative impact of government policies on labour share was evident in many European continental countries, but not in Anglo-Saxon ones. Using published and unpublished data from this study some inter-countries and inter-sectorial differences are assessed and some features of the Italian situation specified.Labour in Italy, especially wage labour, was and is burdened by some long lasting heritages: persisting deficits of the pension system, dating from the 1960s onwards (annually some 4% of GNP); an historical tradition of low adult literacy and numeracy (recently reported by Ials studies); a barely effective and efficient secondary school, unable to modify that historical tradition (Oecd and Pisa studies).For many reasons, Italian governments were and are unable to effectively answer these problems. First, for their institutional weakness; second, because of the power of distributional coalitions (unions, professional lobbies), able to influence the legislative process and to assure peculiar benefits and privileges to their members; third for the lack of long term policies. The aggregate results of these processes not only are a deeper decline of the income labour share, as compared with other advanced countries, but also a progressive deterioration of associated life in many Italian regions.The future of labour in Italy is finally undermined by a progressive intergenerational iniquity, also shared — to tell the truth — by other European countries. The percentage of poor is now greater in younger age cohorts (0-18) as in the oldest ones (65 +). This result was fed by a series of government decisions and laws. Recently, the reduction of the pension age underwritten by Italian government and the unions in July 2007. In the next decades this process could damage the formation of the human capital and therefore the future of work in Italy. As in the old Greek myth of Zeus and Kronos, younger generations should be supported and promoted, while the appetites of older ones limited and regulated – at least by a far-sighted political leadership. Some proposals designed to attain this objective are discussed.


Correction for 'ATP dephosphorylation can be either enhanced or inhibited by pH-controlled interaction with a dendrimer molecule' by Carla Bazzicalupi et al.


Within the contemporary art system complex, constantly-changing cultural features coexist with stratified acts of dealing. The art market operates as a collective mediation structure, developing a multiple agency: financial and economic, educational, political and social. In this article, we offer the result of an empirical test dedicated to the identification of unseen changes in the informal organizational pattern of the market. Observing the behavior of selected samples, we focused, firstly, on the networks of artists and commercial galleries at the Art Basel fair; and, secondly, on the group and solo shows organized by a relevant sample of international contemporary art museums and exhibitions spaces. These analyses offer an insight into the changes that occurred from 2005 to 2013, encompassing the quantitative growth of the art system infrastructure and the effects of the crisis of 2008.


A wideband, fully polarimetric and directional radio channel sounding campaign conducted at 70 GHz is presented. Measurement site was chosen as an entrance hall, featuring femtocell size. Transmitter and receiver were placed according to an access-point scenario. Initial large-scale parameters like excess-delay, delay-spread and angular spread are derived for channel characterisation. It is not the paper's goal to describe a new channel model. The main focus is the identification of propagation effects and characteristics, which have to be considered in future modelling. It was found, that first more specular than diffuse components occur and second the channel is spatially sparse.


.................................................................................................................... v Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem..................................................................................................3 Statement of Purpose ........................................................................................................3 Significance .......................................................................................................................3 Exploratory Questions ......................................................................................................4 Definition of Terms ...........................................................................................................4 Literature Review ....................................................................................................... 6 Mental Health in Undergraduate Students .......................................................................6 Table 1 .................................................................................................................................................. 8 Mental Health in Student-Athletes .................................................................................. 12 Table 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 13 Mental Health in Graduate Assistant Athletic Trainers .................................................. 15 Table 3 ................................................................................................................................................ 16 Mental Health in Athletic Training Students .................................................................. 18 Table 4 ................................................................................................................................................ 19 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................. 22 Table 5 ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Literature Review Summary........................................................................................... 25 Research Design .............................................................................................................. 25 Sample ............................................................................................................................ 26 Data Collection ............................................................................................................... 27 Data Analysis .................................................................................................................. 29 Trustworthiness .............................................................................................................. 30 Reporting Procedures ..................................................................................................... 30 Human Participant and Ethics Precautions .................................................................... 31 Self-Reflexivity ............................................................................................................... 31 Student Identity .............................................................................................................. 32 Relationships .................................................................................................................. 36 Support Systems ............................................................................................................. 38 SelfReflexivity Journaling............................................................................................. 39 Student identity. ................................................................................................................................. 40 Time management.............................................................................................................................. 41 Relationships. ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Support systems. ................................................................................................................................ 42 iii Discussion................................................................................................................ 43 Limitations and Further Research ............................................................................ 48 Practical Implications ..................................................................................................... 50 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 51 References ............................................................................................................... 53 Table 6 ..................................................................................................................... 58 Appendix A .............................................................................................................. 59 Appendix B .............................................................................................................. 60 Identification of Investigators & Purpose of Study .................................................... 60 Appendix C .............................................................................................................. 63 Appendix D .............................................................................................................. 64


Surface waves on liquids act as a dynamical phase grating for incident light. In this paper, we revisit the classical method of probing such waves (wavelengths of the order of mm) as well as inherent properties of liquids and liquid films on liquids, using optical diffraction. A combination of simulation and experiment is proposed to trace out the surface wave profiles in various situations (e.g. for one or more vertical, slightly immersed, electrically driven exciters). Subsequently, the surface tension and the spatial damping coefficient (related to viscosity) of a variety of liquids are measured carefully in order to gauge the efficiency of measuring liquid properties using this optical probe. The final set of results deal with liquid films where dispersion relations, surface and interface modes, interfacial tension and related issues are investigated in some detail, both theoretically and experimentally. On the whole, our observations and analysis seem to support the claim that this simple, low cost apparatus is capable of providing a wealth of information on liquids and liquid surface waves in a non-destructive way.


The operation of the 1213 m deep borehole heat exchanger (BHE) plant Weissbad has been measured in over two year lasting measurement period. The temperature and performance data were reported at approximately one week intervals. It became evident from these measurements that the BHE output temperatures were significantly lower than expected. Understanding the reason for this discrepancy was the goal of the present study. By numerical simulation an axis -symmetrical model was developed which accurately represented the subsurface casing installations and the operational history. Sensitivity studies showed that different operation cycles which might not have been registered by the measurement intervals do not significantly change the model results. The initial simulations result in a rather constant offset of 1.8°C to the measured data. The produced temperature shows a strong sensitivity to the existence of a loose contact zone between the cementation and the casing. The measurements could be fitted perfectly by the assumption of a 1 cm thick layer between these two units with 75% porosity extending over 1/3 of the total depth range. Another reason for the low temperatures is the steel tube which hydraulically separates but thermally connects the upcoming from the downgoing flow path.


Through several chromatography supervision instances of new transformers before it putting into operation,the paper discusses the influence of chromatography supervision defect on equipment safe and stable operation and fault diagnosis before the equipment putting into operation,as well as expounds importance of oil-filled equipment such as new transformer's chromatography supervision before it putting into operation,and proposes corresponding suggestions.


Clothes constitute a material cultural element in which bodies become social since they convey staples of behavior linked to either moral, ethical, aesthetic ideals, or patterns of distinction socially sanctioned. This article analyzes the meanings built around clothing based on codes for behavior written in morality handbooks and economic treaties that were published and widely used in Yucatan during the second half of the 19th century, and the beginning of the 20th century. These types of texts helped to spread social virtues linked to the ideal of civility, morality and economic progress while shaping social subjects for the ideal nations in process of formation. This explains why in both State´s high schools and elementary schools, the youth had to learn and assimilate practices and behaviors entailed in clothing as a code that granted accurate performance in both public and private spheres. This research seeks to contribute to the study of costumes, behavior and mentalities behind in 19th century Yucatan and during its transition towards modernization.


type="main"> Managing distant subsidiaries is a challenge for headquarters of multinational companies. Performance measurement systems (PMS) can assist in this task. Taking a business network perspective, we study the moderating effect of the interactive use of PMS implemented by headquarters at subsidiaries on the relationship between subsidiary embeddedness and subsidiary performance. We test our hypotheses using survey data from 110 subsidiary managers in China. The results suggest that the multinational network surrounding the subsidiary affects overall headquarter control possibilities. Specifically, while interactive use may be helpful in situations of low local embeddedness of the subsidiary, it seems to have negative side effects on the subsidiaries' ability to benefit from high local embeddedness.


Electronic cigarette, a liquid supply source containing a liquid material, the liquid material is heated to evaporate the liquid material and a heater operable to a temperature sufficient to form an aerosol, communicates with the liquid material and the heater , and a wick for feeding to the heater of the liquid material. The heater is formed of a mesh material. .FIELD 1


We present the case of a 39-year-old male with sectoral chorioretinal atrophy similar to that seen in gyrate atrophy (GA) but with a normal plasma ornithine level. Unlike previously reported cases of GA, he had below-normal plasma taurine concentration. Much remains unknown about the pathophysiologic mechanism underlying gyrate-like chorioretinal atrophy. The concomitant occurrence of GA-like phenotype and hypotaurinemia suggests a possible future avenue for research on this matter.


The Aralar Mountains located in northern Spain exposes a 983-m-thick succession of sediments of Early Aptian age. The lithological succession evolves from lutites, marls, and calcarenites of the Errenaga Formation to rudist micritic limestones of the Sarastarri Formation, and finally marls, lutites, and sandstones of the Lareo Formation. Based on ammonite assemblage faunas, the Deshayesites oglanlensis, D. weissi, D. deshayesi, and Dufrenoyia furcata biozones have been identified. A transition between the deshayesi and furcata zones with the co-occurrence of the ammonite genera Deshayesites and Dufrenoyia is described in the Aralar succession and is currently unique. The ammonites are described here and correlations are made with other Tethyan regions.


The report presents detailed results of a motorcycle observational survey in the Sydney metropolitan area during 1986. Data are also presented for some variables to enable trends to be analysed from 1975 to 1986. Survey teams collected data related to motorcycle and motorcyclists safety issues. These included helmet types and usage, daytime headlamp usage and motorcycle characteristics such as colour, capacity, make and type. The surveys were undertaken in a variety of weather and lighting conditions. For 1986 the overall helmet wearing rate was 97.4 Per cent, a decrease of 1.1 Percentage points compared to 1985. The percentage of motorcycles with the headlamp on during daylight was 65.5 Per cent (all weather conditions). Most motorcycles were a dark colour with 20.7 Per cent being red. Motorcycle riders also tended to wear dark colours with 55.9 Per cent wearing black coats and 13.9 Per cent using blue coats (a).


—Power systems are large, complex networks with system-level dynamics stemming from the individual constituent subsystem dynamics and the interactions among them. Here, we compare and analyze the interactions of multi-loop droop grid-forming inverters and synchronous generators, with an emphasis on frequency. Singular perturbation theory is applied to illuminate an order reduction in the frequency response of the grid-forming inverter, and the inverted pre-converter power– frequency relationship is discussed. Device level electromagnetic transient domain simulations corroborate these findings and confirm that a properly designed DC-side system has a negligible dynamical impact. Simulations of the 9- and 39-bus test systems confirm the order reduction and the decoupling of the nadir and rate of change of frequency. Matrix pencil analysis of the system oscillatory modes confirms an increase in primary mode damping with grid-forming inverters; an increase in mode frequency and decrease in damping is observed for high inverter penetrations in the 39-bus system. This same mode is found in a two-generator grid forming inverter/synchronous generator system with a low synchronous generator rating ( < 20% ). This indicates that the kernel is not device quantity or network complexity, but the interaction of a small rotational mass with the rapid frequency change of the grid-forming inverter.


the two 3-4-5 Pythagorean triangles formed by the diagonal have sides which are multiples of 10 megalithic yards. Thom (1967, 1968) has shown that megalithic man, when constructing stone circles and rings in Britain, often dealt in multiples of 2 2, 5, and 10 megalithic yards, and employed perfect Pythagorean triangles in the geometry of the construction of numerous stone rings. Thom and Thom (1972) have shown that the main Carnac alignments were set out with a unit of 2 2 megalithic yards, and this is also found in the perimeters of practically all megalithic rings in Britain (Thom 1966, 1968). The Crucuno rectangle thus falls into line metrologically with other megalithic remains in both Britain and Brittany. At Crucuno, as elsewhere in Brittany, well-meaning people have reerected fallen stones without knowledge of the exact original positions. Knowing how accurately megalithic engineers could work, we think it unlikely that they left the untidy rectangle which we now see.4 While elsewhere, when erecting freestanding circles, they measured to the centers of the stones, here they may have placed the stones outside but touching the rectangle. This too is unlikely, but only excavation can settle the matter. On the south side of the rectangle, the whin bushes have grown so deep that some stones are obscured and are difficult to locate even when their presence is known-particularly the 3-ft. stone and the fallen stone in the southwest corner. The whin and the trees in the neighborhood make it impossible to measure the horizon alti


Both self-organization phenomena and organization actions occur in complex systems with man's participation. It is shown that self-organization/organizational cooperation is realized through the linking between decision variables and order parameters. Furthermore, the cooperation principle and patterns of self-organization/organizational cooperation are studied.


e letter has not been published or simultaneously submitted for publication in whole or in part elsewhere. Sir, We read with interest the systematic review and metaanalysis by Dutheil et al. on occupational and residential exposure to asbestos and prostate cancer risk. We believe this study suffers from several methodological errors. First, the search of the literature appears to be deficient. We conducted a quick search, which we do not pretend was systematic, and identified 10 studies that reported results on risk of prostate cancer among asbestos exposed workers and were not included in the review by Dutheil et al. (Table 1; outdated results were included for 4 studies). Notably, the 2 studies that included the largest number of prostate cancer deaths (Lin et al., 2015 and Ferrante et al., 2017) were not included in the metaanalysis by Dutheil et al. Second, Dutheil et al. double-counted some observations. In particular, the papers by Reid et al. andArmstrong et al. refer to the same cohort of Australian crocidolite workers. ird, it is debatable whether cohorts of oil refinery workers, such as that studied by Tsai et al., should be included in reviews on asbestos, since these workers are exposed to other potential carcinogens. In any case, if one particular cohort of oil refinery workers is included, it is not clear why the many other cohorts from the same industry are excluded. Fourth, we think that it is a mistake to combine results of prostate cancer incidence and mortality. On the one hand, prostate cancer incidence is highly sensitive to the implementation of screening with prostate specific antigen. On the other hand, mortality from prostate cancer depends on access to effective treatment. ese 2 factors might vary between asbestos-exposed workers and the national or regional populations that are used as reference in the studies. ese sources of bias require careful consideration, and combining the 2 measures of occurrence, whose biases might act in opposite directions, generates confusion in the results. For these reasons, we think that the results of the metaanalysis by Dutheil et al. are not interpretable and their conclusion that asbestos exposure is associated with prostate cancer is not justified. A careful review of this issue should be based on stronger methodology than the one used by Dutheil et al.


Separation of ethanol-water mixture from alcoholic fermentation broth in which yeast is suspending is carried out by pervaporation, using hydrophobic microporous hollow fiber membrane of polypropylene. Results show that this membrane has a selective permeation ability of ethanol and has a potential to be applied as a new fermentation system.


Aiming at different types of vehicle instruments,instrument sensors and regulators,this paper analyses the checking and fixing method and its characteristics,and introduces the homemade practical and effective checking and fixing device with its operational method.


Nonstationary boundary value problems of uncoupled thermoelasticity are
considered. A method of boundary integral equations in the initial
space-time has been developed for solving boundary value problems of
thermoelasticity by plane deformation. According to generalized
functions method the generalized solutions of boundary value problems
are constructed and their regular integral representations are obtained.
These solutions allow, using known boundary values and initial
conditions (displacements, temperature, stresses and heat flux), to
determine the thermally stressed state of the medium under the influence
of various forces and thermal loads. Resolving singular boundary
integral equations are constructed to determine the unknown boundary
functions.


In the paper,we studied the "3414" formulated fertilization design on the yields of garlic bolt and garlic bulb in Ledu county.The results showed that the yields of garlic bolt and garlic bulb increased gradually as the increasing of chemical fertilizer amount in Ledu county,but when the fertilizer application amount increased to a certain degree,the yields of garlic bolt and garlic bulb were reduced as the chemical fertilizer amount increased.Among the three fertilizers,the effect on improving yield of garlic bulb was as follows: phosphate fertilizernitrogen fertilizerpotash fertilizer.When two of nitrogen,phosphate and potassium fertilizers were used together,the yield of garlic bulb improved,and their improving effect on the yield of garlic bulb was as follows: PKNKNP.When the application amounts of nitrogen,P2O5 and K2O were 32.84,14.12 and 10.16 kg/667 m2 respectively,the best economic benefit was got,and the garlic bulb yield was 2 852.22 kg/667 m2.


This report describes a remarkable case of rapid progression of pentosan polysulfate maculopathy over 2 years as documented with multimodal retinal imaging and underscores the importance of early detection and prompt withdrawal of therapy to retard the development and rate of progression of pentosan polysulfate toxicity. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a unique case of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy with remarkable rapid progression over 2 years. These findings show the importance of early detection of macular disease to limit toxic exposure and reduce the risk of progression. Methods: Multimodal retinal imaging including fundus autofluorescence, near-infrared reflectance with pseudocolor, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography was performed in an elderly patient with a history of PPS therapy (cumulative dose of 1,205 g) at baseline and 2 years later. Results: Baseline multimodal retinal imaging failed to show significant macular findings of PPS toxicity in either eye, but on repeat evaluation 2 years later, advanced features of PPS maculopathy were detected in both eyes with fundus autofluorescence, near-infrared reflectance, pseudocolor, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Conclusion: This report describes a remarkable case of rapid progression of PPS maculopathy as documented with multimodal retinal imaging. The dramatic progression of macular findings over just 2 years underscores the importance of early detection and prompt withdrawal of therapy, if systemically feasible, to retard the development and rate of progression of PPS maculopathy.


Certain embodiments of the present invention may comprise a secondary groove optimized large area (a ULA) fiber. According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a trench-assisted fiber quality factor (the FOM) performance optimization. The optical fiber includes a core region having a longitudinal axis, the platform region surrounding the core region, a cladding region surrounding the region of the platform, the platform and the core and cladding regions configured to support and guide the signal light in the core and the platform in the direction of the shaft region to the fundamental transverse mode propagation. The optical fiber further comprises effective core area (the Aeff) between 135μm2 and about 170μm2; and greater than about 0.08% of the relative effective refractive index difference (Neff); at 1550nm less than 0.185dB / km loss; and less than about 0.5dB the quality factor (the FOM) from the refractive index of the boundary profile.


This research has been carried out until the validity stage by producing an e-learning based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) on Hydrocarbons by applying the flipped classroo m approach in the learning process. The type of research used is R&D (Research and Development), with a 4-D model consisting of: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop, and (4) disseminate. The products produced from the study were validated by 1 Chemistry lecturer of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences UNP and 1 chemistry teacher at MAN 2 Pesisir Selatan, and continued at the revision stage based on input from the validator. The analysis of the validity test was carried out using the Cohen kappa formula. The mean Cohhen kappa results from construct and content validation were 0.811 and 0.844 with very high categories. Based on these results, the resulting e-Learning is valid and practice to use in the learning process.


Image inpainting has a great value in many applications such as digital culture protection, film special effects production, virtual reality simulation and excrescent objects removal from video. This paper firstly compared four different inpainting algorithms, including linear interpolation, texture synthesis, edge inward expansion and radial basis function. Their different properties for image inpainting are analyzed and after that, this paper proposed a revised inpainting algorithm. The main idea is that the damaged image may be divided into different blocks and each block has corresponding characteristics. Then our adaptive matching algorithm will automatically select appropriate method to do inpainting to each block and get optimal inpainting result. Experiments show the adaptive algorithm can do image inpainting more effectively and efficiently.


After more than a decade of deterioration in the relations between Japan and China symbolized by the visit of then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to Yasukuni Shrine, the relationship finally turned around in 2006–2007 into a qualitatively different one preparing for a new regional order. This was made possible mainly by the realistic perceptional change of the Japanese public on the regional security environment and the corresponding policy change of the Chinese Government on Japan-related histoty. The USA, as an essential stakeholder in Japan–China relations, also has to change itself in order to maintain its presence and interests in Asia and grasp a golden opportunity to build a more stable regional and international order given the drastic change in Japan–China relations which are still fragile due to structural problems. To this end, the USA needs to reevaluate and understand well the changing Japanese perception of history and of the severe security situation around Japan. Also, a Japan–USA–China trilateral partnership framework is now necessary to create a more stable Asian order by a USA initiative.


Aim of study: To evaluate the fracture resistance of roots obturated with different root canal filling materials. Materials and methods: A total of 15 decronated single canal lower premolar human teeth were used. Specimens were prepared by conventional manual instrumentation method from size (15_45) using K_file. Canal Irrigated with (5.25%) sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) after each file and finally canals irrigated with17% EDTA. Specimens divided into three groups according to obturation materials 1) obturation with Endosequence Bioceramic system 2) obturation with Bioceramic sealer and conventional gutta percha 3) obturation with AH_plus resin sealer and conventional gutta percha. Specimens were embedded in acrylic molds and subjected to the fracture resistance test in which a compressive loading (0.5 mm/min) was applied on the coronal opening of the canal until root fracture. Result: Data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey test at 0.05 level of significance. There was a significant difference between groups with higher value obtained with Endoseuequence system and lower value obtained with AH_plus resin root canal sealer (p<0.05).


ABSTRACT The "Age Suit" described in this article was developed to enable future designers, business leaders, and engineers to experience navigating the world as many older adults must. Tools such as this Age Suit offer the opportunity to "walk a mile" in another's shoes to develop empathy that can result in better design of spaces, goods, and services to meet the needs of a rapidly growing older population. This work first examined, through a series of clinical tests, whether younger adults' physical capacities were reduced in a direction consistent with aging by wearing a suit developed by the MIT AgeLab. An experiential learning task was then completed with the suit to understand its impact on completion of an instrumental activity of daily living. Results showed that younger adults wearing the suit experienced changes in task performance consistent with expected changes associated with aging. Participants' self-reports from the experiential learning task indicated that they were able to empathize with older adults regarding some issues they face while completing a grocery shopping task. Future research with the suit should involve a wider range of individuals from the population and examine what effect participants' levels of fitness have on the experience of wearing the suit.


Community health service is the foundation of public health system.It is also one of the key points to improve medical affordable.Based on the information exchange research result in foreign counties,by strengthening hospital information system construction,large general hospital and community health center information exchange could be realized and medical information could be shared.


The continuous damage of the used fuel quality, of its dispersion due to the increasing viscosity, make necessary the volume expansion and the rise of the e electric spark power used at ignition. A similar situation appears to the transition of the generator operation from the marine Diesel heavy fuel to the residues of water-fuel mixture. So, it feels like using an ignition system with high specific energy and power able to perform the starting and burning of the fuels mentioned above. Such a system is that which uses a low temperature plasma jet. Its use involves obtaining a high temperature area round about the jet, with a high discharge power, extending the possibility of obtaining a constant burning of different concentration (density) mixtures. Besides the action of the temperature of the air-fuel mixture, the plasma jet raises the rate of oxidation reaction as a result of appearance of lot number of active centers such as loaded molecules, atoms, ions, free radicals.


Optical interconnections have the potential of becoming an appealing alternative to electrical interconnections. For long and medium range distances (e.g., local area networks and telecommunication), optical technology (fibers) is the technology of choice, offering better performance and lower costs than electrical wires. There is a trend for optics to replace electronics for shorter distances and larger connectivity applications. This special issue follows recent emerging new activity in this field as presented at recent conferences [1–3]. Optics has several important advantages over electrical interconnections. Optical interconnections are insensitive to radio wave interference effects, are free from transmission line capacitive loading, do not have geometrical planar constraints, and can be reconfigurable (circuit-switched). In an earlier publication [4], the computational limits in using optical communication technology in VLSI parallel processing systems were studied. Using a computational model called OMC, it was shown that communication-intensive problems can be solved efficiently because of the third dimension of connectivity gained through using free space optical interconnects. Since the mid 80's, there have been many contributions to the field of parallel computing with optical interconnects. Various forms of interconnections such as free-space and fiber optics have been considered for designing parallel architectures and algorithms [1–3]. With advances made in optical technology, it is evident that photonics will play an important role in parallel computation. This special issue presents a collection of most recent contributions in this field. The papers have been grouped into five area: optoelectronic architectures, routing, efficiency, memory, and applications. In each area there are two to three papers, totaling eight regular articles and four research notes.


Any structure should be designed in such a way that damages in the structure should be reduced during an earthquake which makes the building little uneconomical, because earthquake may or may not be occur in fixed time period it is a rare phenomenon. This paper is made to analyze and design G+6 building in different seismic zones of India using STAAD Pro. IS 1893(part1):2002 is use for earthquake force analysis. When we are going from zone II-zone V variations are increases. Variations include steel percentage, maximum shear force, maximum bending moment, maximum deflections etc.


With the progress of social economy and the rapid development of transportation industry, in the face of the rapid growth of urban road traffic data, this paper puts forward the design scheme of intelligent traffic analysis system based on Hadoop. In this paper, HBase distributed database is used to store urban road static RDF data, hive data warehouse is used to store urban road traffic data, and MapReduce programming model is used to store massive and heterogeneous urban road traffic data The urban road traffic data are analyzed, and the whole scheme is verified by the prototype system.


The white products with high viscosity of chitosan were prepared used for the preservation of tomato and litchi from shells of a shrimp and a crab by acid soaking-alkali hydrolysis.The effect of the concentration of alkali,reacting temperature and time on the product quality and the fruits preservation mechanism were studied.This experiment includes much basic chemical experiment technical abilities such as pretreatment of raw materials,dissolving,stir,decoloration,impurity-cleaning,stoving and acid-alkali titration of products,impurity examine.The experiment was proved to be a suitable opening experiment for university students.


Objective
To evaluate the impact of duration of preoperative smoking cessation on preventing postoperative pulmonary complications.

Methods
A literature search was conducted at PUBMED, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and Wangfang database. Meta-analyses were conducted for randomized trials and observational studies on preoperative smoking cessation and postoperative pulmonary complications published in the period from the establishment of the database to July 2016.

Results
A total of 14 studies were included, involving 8 060 patients in the quitting group and 2 845 in the control group. Smokers who quit not less than four weeks before surgery had lower risk of complications than those who did not abstain till surgery or quit less than four weeks before surgery (RR 0.77; 95%CI 0.68 to 0.88). Smokers who quit not less than eight weeks before surgery had lower risk of complications than those who did not abstain till surgery or quit less than eight weeks before surgery (RR 0.54; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.85).

Conclusions
Abstaining from smoking for at least four weeks before surgery reduces the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Abstaining from smoking for at least eight weeks also reduces the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications and is demonstrated to be more beneficial.

Key words:
Perioperative; Smoking cessation; Metaanalysis


The necessity to establish medical metrology management system in military medical institutions was introduced, and the principles and thoughts were proposed based on GB/T 19022 —2003 Measurement Management System Requirements for Measurement Process and Devices. The practicability and feasibility of the system applied in some hospital were analyzed. It's pointed out that the system tended to be improved in standardization, specialization and informatization. The system may be of great significance for normalized, ordered and systemic military medical metrology management.


Two strategies for specifying additional data to be included with the data of a non-orthogonal design are presented. The additional data increase the magnitude of the information matrix X′X and the orthogonality of the design matrix. Sequentially, the new points are augmented to the original design, such that each new point optimally increases the smallest eigenvalue of X′X. The new runs are created in a predefined spherical region and a rectangular region. Optimum number of additional observations is presented in order to orthogonalize the design matrix X and optimize some functions of the information matrix X′X. Comparisons of the results acquired with the proposed methods versus the most commonly used procedures for data augmentation are carried out. In addition, the advantages of the use of our techniques over the studied methods to solve the augmenting data problems are discussed.


Introduction: Leeches are blood sucking invertebrate parasites. They are endemic in tropical regions like Asia, Africa and Mediterranean countries with different colors and sizes. Entry into human body is through drinking polluted water. These inhabit mucosa of nose, nasopharynx, oropharynx, tonsils, esophagus but rarely larynx. Case report: Here we report a case of live leech in the left nasal cavity in a 40-year-old male that caused symptoms of watery discharge and occasional epistaxis from left nostril along with headache. Habitual drinking of water from a natural source of water was assumed as the cause of leech infestation. The leech was extracted finally from oropharynx, with great effort as it continuously changed its locations. Conclusion: Leech infestation must be kept as differential diagnosis for various foreign bodies in the respiratory tract causing, unusual respiratory distress and epistaxis, especially in rural area people, where drinking water from natural sources of water is a regular habit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.12027 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 222-224


The given article determines the role and meaning of business games in preparation of economic profiles experts. It presents the basic groups of games as well as conditions of the effective application of these methods in the organization of students' educational and informative activity


We examine the mechanical response of an optical fiber interconnect clamped (by epoxy bonding or soldering) at the ends and then subjected to a not-very-small lateral ends off-set. The term "not-very-small" is used here to indicate that the off-set is small enough to apply the elementary (linear) beam theory, but, at the same time, is large enough, so that the effect of the reactive tension has to be accounted for. The obtained results can assist a reliability engineer to make, if necessary, the appropriate changes in the photonic package design.


Achalasia is a rare disorder of primary esophageal motility, characterized by defective relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) along with impairment of esophageal peristalsis. Unfortunately at this time, the disease remains incurable. Current management pursues instead the palliation of symptoms through relieving the functional obstruction of the LES by means of tearing or cutting the circular muscle layer (1). The newest arrival to the therapeutic armamentarium, peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), has been successfully deployed for nearly 10 years and has been acknowledged to achieve at least similar levels of efficacy and safety to those of pneumatic dilation (PD) and surgical myotomy. However, to date, only retrospective studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses comparing endoscopic versus surgical myotomy have been published, possibly due to the intersection between the low prevalence of the disease and the rarity of POEM-capable centers.


The authors propose a design for a new self-routing multicast network which can realize arbitrary multicast communication without any blocking. The network design is based on the binary radix sorting concept and all functional components of the network are recursively constructed reverse banyan networks. The new multicast network is compared favorably with the previously proposed multicast networks. It uses O(n log/sup 2/ n) logic gates, and has O(log/sup 2/ n) gate delay and O(log/sup 2/ n) set-up time where the unit of time is a gate delay. Moreover, the good modularity of the network renders a potential to further reduce the network cost by reusing part of the network. For example, the feedback version of the design can reduce the network cost to O(n log n).


Background Chromomycosis is a chronic fungal infection that affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue and occurs mainly following trauma. The most frequently isolated agent is Fonsecaea pedrosoi. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the various epidemiological, clinical, mycological, and treatment aspects of chromomycosis in coastal Karnataka. Materials and methods This is a retrospective analysis of 20 patients with chromomycosis who attended the dermatology outpatient department of a tertiary care institution in coastal Karnataka, South India, from January 2005 to January 2013. Results The disease was found to be more common in male agricultural workers, especially rubber tappers. The lower limbs were more commonly affected (58%), with verrucous lesion being the most common clinical type. The most common species isolated was F. pedrosoi. Histopathological correlation was present in all cases. A good clinical response was seen in patients treated with potassium iodide who were refractory to terbinafine and fluconazole. Conclusion Chromomycosis mainly affects male agricultural workers, especially rubber tappers. Potassium iodide is an effective alternative for the treatment of chromomycosis, especially in a developing country like India.


Bacterial meningitis is common in Brazil and in endemic region of Sub-SaharanAfrica. Chronicmeningitis (CM) is defined as meningitis lasting for four weeks or more and have signs of chronic inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid.CM is a diagnostic dilemma, with limited literature on the subject.CM is common in immunocompromised, immunocompetent and in patients infected with immunodeficiency virus (AIDS).Less common Mollaret's meningitis and Bachet'sdisease, a chronic multisystem disorder. Common pathogens isolated include enteroviruses,Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Cryptococcus neoformans, Treponema pallidum,Coccidioides immitis,rare pathogens include Angiostrongylus cantonennesis, Naegleriafowleri. Treatment of choice in tuberculous meningitiswith four-drug regimen,and amphotericin B with flucocytosine or fluconazole for 4 to 6 weeks for cryptococcal meningitis. Prompt diagnosis and antibiotic therapy with longterm follow up have a better outcome.


The magnetic form factors for the 3He and 3H nuclei have been calculated for different values of momentum transfer. The three-nucleon ground-state wave function is expressed in momentum space and is obtained from the solution of the Faddeev equations with realistic two-body potentials. The potential used is taken from the meson theory to include different meson-exchange contributions satisfying the requirements of current conservation. The different meson-exchange currents and their contributions to the trinucleon magnetic form factors are calculated. The virtual Δ-excitation and the meson–nucleon vertices form factors are included in the 3He and 3H magnetic-form-factors calculations. The present results show the importance of the higher momentum transfer region as being a good source of information to the short-range processes in the nuclear medium. Our results for the 3He and 3H magnetic form factors are in good agreements with the experimental data. The inclusion of the ρ and ω meson exchanges improves...


The device comprises a set of electronic switches having a common structure and forming electrical energy conversion modules (12, 13, 14) and a DC bus of power on which the modules are connected in parallel. These modules are controlled by a control circuit (22) so as to supply electric energy from external energy sources in the DC bus of power or to charge electric power on the same bus to carry out the reloading battery. The device comprises at least one conversion module AC-DC (12) configured to perform the recovery of an AC power network and supplying the DC bus, a conversion module DC-DC (14) configured to perform charging a user battery from the DC bus and a DC-DC converter module (13) configured to alternately enable reloading of a storage battery from the DC bus or discharging of the battery on the latter. The modules are mounted on a reception structure forming a heat sink (27).


In this research I have tried to study the government's macro-decisions in merging the ministries with fuzzy approach in order to have a sustainable development model. The variants to study are operation of government in economic, political, social and biological models which are the components of the sustainable development and achieving them is the final aim of merging. The statistical society in the current research is all of the employees in executive systems which are subsets of the ministry of industry, mine and trade in the northwest of Iran, our statistical society were 2420 people where our sample obtained as 332 people by using of Cochran Formulate. 332 researcher-made questionnaires distributed (which their Cronbach's Alphabet was measured to be about 0.890) that 320 questionnaires were returned. In order to examine the codified hypothesizes, since I have used the fuzzy assumption test, first I have defined fuzzy membership functions using the trapezoid numbers and then I measured the membership degrees of the values. Since political system of Iran is an inclusive one where it has to use the theory of domesticated official Terms in organizational and directional evolution, the out coming results of the research which have been gained using the membership function and the relations of Mamdani Entailment with fuzzy approach, shows the operations of government have not been strong and good enough and faces the government with a great struggle. Also I have introduced some solutions in order to improve the operations of government.


In theory, oxidative coupling is a straightforward method for reducing the number of synthetic steps, avoiding the preparation of pre-activated substrates and less waste co-product generation by using metal salts. However, attempts at oxidative cross-coupling are challenging due to its limited synthetic applications and chemoselective issues. In recent years new oxidative coupling methods have emerged, using the C–H bond of the two substrates, and enabling the selective formation of cross-coupling products (Stuart and Fagnou, 2007). One of the innovative research fronts in this area to have emerged in the past decade is the advance of oxidative coupling chemistry that uses hypervalent iodine reagents (Kita and Dohi, 2015; Yoshimura and Zhdankin, 2016), especially catalytic utilizations (Dohi and Kita, 2009; Dohi et al., 2013; Ito et al., 2013). This Research Topic discusses recent advancements of oxidative couplings and related reactions using hypervalent iodine compounds, highlighting the versatility of these reagents and their continuous development. Contributing to the recent advances in this area, the Research Topic includes contributions by experts exploring designs, preparations, reactions, mechanistic studies of hypervalent iodine compounds, and cooperative reaction systems with transition metals and photoredox catalysts, outlining how these synthetic applications can obtain useful organic molecules, such as pharmaceutical compounds. In recent years there have been a number of successes in the participation of hypervalent iodine compounds in transitionmetal chemistry, which serve as strong electrophiles and powerful oxidizing agents, especially for the palladium-catalyzed couplings. The review by Shetgaonkar and Singh narrates recent advancements in this area, summarizing extensive work in the field of Pd-catalyzed C–H functionalizations, arylations, and other miscellaneous transformations with hypervalent iodine reagents and diaryliodonium(III) salts. The synergistic combination of photoredox catalysis with hypervalent iodine reagents is one of many useful areas of organic synthesis. Chen et al. describe recent synthetic applications with visiblelight-induced photoredox catalysis, focusing on the photochemical roles of hypervalent iodine reagents. However, a wide range of hypervalent iodine compounds still need to be explored under these conditions to bring out more synthetically useful transformations. We anticipate an expansion of this hot research area in the next few years. In 2009, a novel cross-coupling method of heteroaromatic compounds was developed by exploiting the unique reactivities of diaryliodonium(III) salts (Kita et al., 2009). Since then, the chemistry of heteroaryliodonium(III) salts has undergone significant developments. They have Edited and reviewed by: Iwao Ojima, Stony Brook University, United States


The human cerebral cortex undergoes folding from the 5th fetal month into the first post-natal year. Disturbances of folding have serious and lasting consequences, but the mechanism is not well understood. Van Essen [1] has hypothesized that axonal tension between strongly interconnected regions draws them together and induces outward folds. However, no direct measurements have confirmed this theory. Experimental data are needed, beginning with a quantitative description of the kinematics of cortical growth during folding.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


In the game of Cops and Robber, a team of cops attempts to capture a robber on a graph $G$. Initially, all cops occupy some vertices in $G$ and the robber occupies another vertex. In each round, a cop can move to one of its neighbors or stay idle, after which the robber does the same. The robber is caught by a cop if the cop lands on the same vertex which is currently occupied by the robber. The minimum number of cops needed to guarantee capture of a robber on $G$ is called the {\em cop number} of $G$, denoted by $c(G)$. We say a family $\cal F$ of graphs is {\em cop-bounded} if there is a constant $M$ so that $c(G)\leq M$ for every graph $G\in \cal F$. Joret, Kaminnski, and Theis [Contrib. Discrete Math. 2010] proved that the class of all graphs not containing a graph $H$ as an induced subgraph is cop-bounded if and only if $H$ is a linear forest; morerover, $C(G)\leq k-2$ if if $G$ is induced-$P_k$-free for $k\geq 3$. In this paper, we consider the cop number of a family of graphs forbidding certain two graphs and generalized some previous results.


1. The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics an Gynaecology, Monash University, Victoria 2. Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria 3. Department of Medicine, Alice Springs Hospital, Northern Territory 4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Alice Springs Hospital, Northern Territory 5. Safer Care Victoria, Department of Health and Human Services, Victoria 6. Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Victoria 7. Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria


This article is part of the assessment of the impact of crime and corruption on the management strategies of micro and small enterprises in the municipality of Teapa, Tabasco, the information was collected through a quantitative instrument with a five-point Likert scale for systemic analysis and with dichotomous questions, a cross-cutting and descriptive investigation was carried out, with a sample of 465 mypes5 mypes, the effect of crime and corruption on the decision-making of the directors of the mypes of the municipality cited was valued. The scores of each systemic analysis variable were compared in companies that have been victimized and have not been victimized. In addition, the effect of the perception of these variables and how it affects businesses were analyzed by linear regressions.


The present invention provides an electrical contact (1) comprising a contact housing (4) so as to contact directly to the contact surface (2) of for plug connection, in particular a printed circuit board (3), the contact housing (4) is in contact housings (4 ) in the insertion direction (5) projecting outwardly in the opposite direction and can flex inwardly to through which the electrical contact having a first lance (6) for holding the contacts (1) to be inserted into the contact chambers of the other plug (1 ) it relates to. According to the invention, the first lance (6) is retracted inwardly to the lance portion (7) that protrudes outward and extends in the opposite direction to the insertion direction (5) and the housing of the contact housing (4) in the outer US lance has a fixed end portion (8) which is surrounded by a stop (9).


Abstract Paguristione uniuropodus gen. n., sp. n. infests Paguristes sp. in the East China Sea. Paguristione gen. n. differs from the closely related genera Pseudione and Pagurion by its females having indistinct lateral plates on the last two pleomeres and its male with a long tapering pleon of six pleomeres, lacking both pleopoda and uropoda.


Wendy Marina Walker's learning zone article on sudden cardiac death (May 26) covered many aspects of cardiology, including the use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early use of a defibrillator.


Despite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty four rats were used for this study and they were divided into six groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2).  The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly lower in all the treated groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) when compared with the untreated group given cyanide alone (Group 2). However, no significant difference in TC was indicated in all the groups given different concentration of bitter leaf extract (BLE) when compared with the control (Group 1) and no statistical difference in TG was also indicated in the groups given 200 and 300 mg BLE when compared with the control. A significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) was however recorded in all the groups given diffeDespite the fact that cyanide is known to be toxic, it is found in popular foods consumed by humans and animals, there is therefore the need to find an appropriate food that can help ameliorate its effect in both man and animals. The study aims to determine the effect of different concentrations of bitter leaf extract (BLE) on hematological parameters and blood lipid profile of rats exposed to cyanide. A total of twenty rats were used for this study and they were divided into five groups, each containing four rats. All groups were fed with growers mash and in addition Group 1 (control) was given water only, Group 2 was given cyanide alone, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were given 100,200 and 300 mg/kgb.wt of BLE and cyanide respectively. The experiment was carried out in 3 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin level (Hb), Red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) was determined using known biochemical procedures. The results indicated a significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC level of Groups 3, 4 and 5 when compared to the cyanide group (Group 2).  The result from the experiment indicates that total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) were significantly lower in all the treated groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) when compared with the untreated group given cyanide alone (Group 2). However, no significant difference in TC was indicated in all the groups given different concentration of bitter leaf extract (BLE) when compared with the control (Group 1) and no statistical difference in TG was also indicated in the groups given 200 and 300 mg BLE when compared with the control. A significantly higher HDL-cholesterol (p<0.05) was however recorded in all the groups given different concentration of BLE when compared to cyanide alone. The study reveals that bitter leaf in respective of the dose is able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.rent concentration of BLE when compared to cyanide alone. The study reveals that bitter leaf in respective of the dose is able to improve the hematological parameters and lipid profile in cyanide exposed rats.


Certain medications when taken simultaneously with oral contraceptives (OCs) may interact with them to increase the toxicity of 1 or the other or to lessen the efficacy of the OC leading in rare cases to undesired pregnancy. The risk of inactivation of the OC is greater with low-dose pills. The synthetic estrogen ethinyl estradiol (EE) is absorbed in the digestive system with an important 1st passage effect. Its bioavailability by the oral route is only about 40% but significant individual variations occur. The remainder is degraded into inactive metabolites and excreted. The repeated enterohepatic cycles and other metabolite processes provide numerous points of impact for associated medications. In the case of drugs modifying the digestive absorption of OCs few correctly documented cases have been published. It has been suggested that drugs speeding intestinal transit and causing diarrhea can also hinder absorption of OCs and diminish their serum levels. Laxatives based on paraffin oil and antacids based on magnesium salts can have this effect. Isolated cases have been reported in which broad spectrum antibiotics have reduced the efficacy of OCs by reducing the beta-glucuronidase activity of the intestinal flora and thus interfering with the enterohepatic cycle of the steroids. Women on low-dose OCs should be advised to double their OC dosage when under treatment with a broad spectrum antibiotic until the end of the cycle. Interaction of OCs and drugs that use the same microsomal hepatic enzymes can lead to a decline in serum levels of the hormone and pregnancy. Rifampicin used to treat tuberculosis and other bacterial infections is a powerful enzyme inductor that accelerates hepatic catabolism of both estrogens and progestins. Numerous pregnancies have been reported among women on Rifampicin. Most anticonvulsant drugs are also enzyme inductors including phenobarbital primidone phenytoin and carbamazepine. The antifungal griseofulvin is also an enzyme inductor. Another method should be advised for women using rifampicin the anticonvulsants and griseofulvin. Numerous other cases of interaction between OCs and drugs with enzyme inductor effects have been reported but remain unproven. The combination of OCs and troleandomycin is contraindicated because of the risk of cholestatic hepatitis. The immunosuppressor cyclosporine also is associated with dose-dependent cases of cholestatic hepatitis. The combination of combined OCs and other hepatotoxic drugs can increase the hepatic toxicity of OCs but such interactions remain poorly documented. Some medications with an enzymatic inhibitor effect can slow hepatic catabolism of estrogens and increase their undesirable effects. The interactions are rarely described perhaps because they are attributed to the OCs themselves. EE acts as an enzymatic inhibitor capable of reducing hepatic hydroxylation of certain associated medications and thus increasing their toxicity; this has been reported for imipramine theophylline and related substances and the benzodiazepines.


Population growth of any region is a crucial factor in the development of any region, because it helps in the management and development of the region. Apart from this sex ratio are among the most basic demographic characteristics and helps in understanding the survival of male and female. The sex ratio is said to be favorable to women, when the number of females exceeds the males, and is said to be adverse, when the number of males exceeds the females. Sex ratio in India normally remained adverse to woman but in Bihar it remained favorable to women till 1961, except the year 1931. It is because of his fact that the growth of population in the study area, occurred at faster pace, as higher female population can have a substantially higher birth rate, which will lead to higher growth of populationin the study area, occurred at faster pace, as higher female population can have a substantially higher birth rate, which will lead to higher growth of population. Sex ratio can change not only the size of population but also their characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to keep balance between male and female population, for the perpetual existence of the human population. In a state like Bihar and especially South Bihar plane sex ratio is a key factor in understanding the development of the society, because it has got both the demographic and social implications. The decrease in number of women will reduce the marriage rate which will be resulted into decrease in crude birth rate and will also lead to many social evils. In this research paper we will examine the spatio-temporal variation in growth of population and sex ratio at district level in South Bihar plain, furthermore there with a comparative analysis between population growth rate and sex ratio by means of Karl Pearson's method of correlation. Keyword: South Bihar Plain, Population Growth Rate, Sex Ratio, Karl Pearsons's Method, Coefficient of Correlation, Bihar, District Level Comparative Analysis


The application of power system stabiliser (PSS) since 1960s has exerted a great effect on improving power system dynamic stability and has become a very important auxiliary excitation control measure to deal with low frequency oscillation. The common design approach is to compensate for the phase lag caused by the excitation system, and thereby increase damping of the system. Is that the real key in stabilising the system? This study clarifies the damping torque concept and analyses the flaws of the damping torque-based PSS design theory. The key parameters in PSS design to stabilise the power system are fully investigated, based on which the study reveals the real nature of the PSS working mechanism. It has been shown in the study that phase compensation is not the necessary condition in stabilising the system; stabiliser gain is very important for controller design. Case studies in the real power system validate the analysis results.


Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) with normal ejection fraction in type-2 diabetes mellitus. Method: Two hundred twelve diabetic patients (98 females and 114 males) from January 2005 to June 2006 were enrolled in this study. Their ages ranged from 35 to 65 years with mean age of 55 years. Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type-2, Hypertension: BP³140/90 (with or without medication) Body Mass Index³30, Waist-Hip ratio>0.90. Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD) and Serum Triglyceride and HDL Cholesterol were included. Result: Out of 212 patients, 104(49%) were found to be hypertensive (both systolic and diastolic) and 12 patients (5.6%) were found to be suffering from isolated systolic hypertension. Hence total number of hypertensive patients was 116 (54.6%). Thirty two patients were found to be suffering from diastolic dysfunction. Conclusion: Hypertension and Diabetes are interlinked and show how micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes are increased when two conditions occur together. The LVDD is much more prevalent than previously suggested in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Hence LVDD is an early marker of diabetic cardiomyopathy.


This study aims to examine the quality of 8 e-learning design developed by perspective mathematics teachers. The instrument used was an observation sheet consisting of 25 dimensions observed related to 6 fields, namely tutor support, collaboration, technology, information transparency of provider/course, course structure, and didactics. The results of this study indicate that of the 8 e-learning designs developed, most of the designs have met all the aspects in each field. However, the design left out the Individualized Learner Support since the designed e-learning is only focused on the particular topic on mathematics and the support needed beyond the topic is provided by teacher through other form such as class WhatsApp group in where students and teachers interaction are not limited only on the particular topic.Another aspect left out is Traditional Communication Media since it already covered by more sophisticated media like video conference, google drive and WhatsApp. Organisational Information is not yet paid attention in the designing the e-learning which could be added for better information on the course detail.Regarding the discursive cooperation and discussion, all the 8 designed e-learning provide the problem to be discussed but only 6 out of 8 of the designed e-learning promote classroom discussion with discursive problem.


Reaction of acetone with [Ph2PO]Li gave 1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl- (2a), 1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyldiphenylphosphine oxides (3a) and 2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinyl)-2,6-dimethylheptan-4-one (4a). The corresponding sulfide 2b was obtained in the case of Ph2P(S)H, and 3b and 4b in the case of [Ph2PS]Li (5b). Bromoacetone reacted with 5b through substitution reaction.


and represented in the "decimal" notation as aNaN-1 . . . ao -a-4a2* Negative numbers are represented by prefixing a minus sign to the representation of the corresponding positive numbers. Although it seems unlikely that the scale ten will ever be changed for ordinary work, the use of other scales and systems of notation is still of practical as well as mathematical interest. In some types of computing machines, for example, scales other than ten lend themselves more readily to mechanization. A slight modification of the ordinary expansion gives a representation for numbers with certain computational advantages. Assuming r to be odd, it is seen easily that any positive or negative number b can be represented as N r-1 r-1


The features of subway ventilation system,the position and purpose of combination damper were introduced.The main problems of combination damper were analyzed and summarized.Suggestions on the installation condition of experiment,pressure requirement of experiment,fire resistance requirement and operation requirement at high temperature were put forward aimed at standardizing the performance requirement of damper.


Article analyzes the influence of the combined heat and power plant (CHP) equipment structure on the size of sanitary protection zone (SPZ) by noise factor. Analyze realized in relation to different climatic conditions. The differences between calculation of sanitary protection zone by noise factor and pollutants air emissions have been shown. The calculation results of semiempirical theory and calculations results by computer technology with different types and structure of operating equipment were compared. The conditions when the results of calculation of SPZ differ are shown. The results of climatic conditions influence on the width of sanitary protection zones are presented. Changes of width of SPZ for climatic conditions of Moscow are given. Obtained results allow to select noise reduction measures more accurate and cost-effective.


Summary Microseismic event localization is important for microseismic monitoring. Both traveltime-based and migration-based methods are used for microseismic event localization. Traveltime-based methods require P- and Swave orst-arrival picking before further processing. This type of method does not work well for low quality data because of inaccurate arrival picking. Migration-based methods avoid picking orst arrivals by back-propagating the recorded oeld to the source location using the velocity model. Time-reversal extrapolation is a typical migrationbased method. We use a representation-theorem-based extrapolation method instead of the more conventional adjoint method. Representation-theorem-based time-reversal extrapolation offers much promise for obtaining microseismic event locations without the need to orst pick individual arrivals, in particular if both the pressure waveoeld and its spatial gradients are available. The latter requires the combined use of both hydrophone and three-component particlevelocity sensors during microseismic acquisition.


The ability to predict and understand the responses of an airframe with simultaneous external influences acting on its elements is a challenging effort. Moreover, although considerable research has been devoted to monitoring structures within the aerospace industry (commercial, military, and space), successful field implementations have not been widely achieved. Breakthroughs for in-flight measurement techniques and processing tools are thus required for enhancing flight research and to ultimately boost operations, increase safety, and reduce costs. This article presents an embedded approach based on a high performance vibration-based diagnostic framework using validated data from low power miniature smart sensors. The architecture is divided into two levels, with the low level built on smart sensors capable of self-diagnostics, robust data acquisition, and vibration analysis, and the high level comprising a computation system with a graphical user interface, feature extraction toolset, and artificial neural network diagnostics. The goal is a system consisting of smart sensors and intelligent processing to be deployed in aircraft for the detection and isolation of global and incipient failures.


The relationship between the state of the country, as well as the level of material well-being of each resident and its financial system is established.
It is determined that there is no mathematical model for assessing the state of the country based on the results of the previous calendar year.
A mathematical model for assessing the degree of achievement of the country's goal of existence has been developed. The model is based on taking into account the opinion of each resident about the degree of their satisfaction with the results of the past year.


Early in my teaching career, I was surrounded fby a roomful of potential students and parents. I had just finished highlighting the agriscience curriculum, discussing the benefits of FFA, and describing the importance of SAE. At the conclusion of my presentation, a parent raised her hand and asked, "What kind of agriculture career could my child pursue?" At that moment, I realized the challenges of teaching in an urban setting. In my small, rural hometown in Ohio, the acres of farmland that surrounded our homes and school were evidence of the traditional careers in agriculture that my classmates and I might pursue upon graduation from high school or college. Off the top of my head, I couldn't think of any specific examples of agriculture careers in the community in which I taught north of Orlando beyond the landscapers responsible for maintaining the school grounds. When thinking about Orlando, I could identify a few careers in agriculture, such as the foliage industry and turfgrass industry, but I quickly realized that I needed to do my homework on the many agricultural careers that my students could pursue in Orange County, Florida. I took the advice given to many novice agriculture teachers and began to acquaint myself with agricultural businesses around the county. Initially, I began by attending the meetings of agriculture organizations such as the local chapter of the Florida Nurseryman and Growers Association and the Orange County Farm Bureau. I used these opportunities to gain information for my curriculum and to identify guest speakers for my classes. Once the members of the organization learned more about my program offerings, they provided me with names of additional contacts that would be excellent sources of guest speakers and field trips. My school district encouraged the inclusion of guest speakers in all classrooms by sponsoring an event called Teach-in. During this county-wide event, individuals from around the county served as guest teachers and provided students with information about their career fields. Guest teachers in my classroom had occupations in fields ranging from aquaculture to natural resources to agribusiness. Using this idea, a similar event could be planned specific to agricultural careers. After obtaining an agreement to participate from the curriculum teachers and setting a date, individuals can be contacted and invited to take part in this activity. The list below provides just a few suggestions of potential participants that could be invited for core curriculum classes: Math - accountant, landscape architect, credit analyst Science - food scientist, entomologist Social Studies - regional planner, a local agriculturalist could share how agriculture in the area has changed over time Language Arts - agriculture journalist, radio/television broadcaster While my students and I learned a lot from the guest speakers who were invited to my classes, the details of the daily responsibilities of their respective careers often remained unclear. To provide the opportunity to gain firsthand knowledge of agricultural careers, teacher and student internships were developed. Due to my students' interest in possible careers in the life sciences, my curriculum had a strong emphasis on agriscience. My classroom contained a sterile room with a fume hood so students could propagate plants using tissue culture. To learn more about how a commercial plant tissue culture facility operated, I was able to arrange for a two-day internship. I spent approximately 3 ½ hours in each of the four major areas of the company. I had the chance to learn how to mix growing media, perform tissue culture in the propagation area, shadow the director of research and development, and transplant 3-5 inch plants into cell packs while in the production area. Not only did this internship expose me to an agricultural industry with which I was unfamiliar, I was also able to incorporate what I had learned into my lessons on plant tissue culture. …


The role of environmental subconstituencies in determining the voting behaviour of members of the US Congress is assessed. Using ordinary least squares and symmetrically censored least squares (a method especially appropriate for bimodal data), the impact of environmentally-concerned constituents, as measured by original data on environmental group membership, on congressional voting is quantified. In general, members of the US Congress vote more pro-environmental when they have more environmental group members in their districts, which may be representation or factionalism at work. Surprisingly, even though members of environmental groups are a traditionally Democratic constituency in the United States, both Democrats and Republicans are responsive.


We hypothesized that the conditioned muscles of elderly organisms have different responses to electrical stimulation than that of young adult organisms. One-year-old sheep and eight-year-old elderly sheep were used for this investigation. Results. The latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) of old sheep has less fatigue resistance than LDM of younger animals. In all animals, LDH-5 fractions decreased after eight weeks ES; LDH-1+2 fractions increased. After a two week delay, the data completely returned to baseline values in old adult animals. The percent area occupied by mitochondria in old sheep was less after ES than in younger animals. In all animals, the mitochondrial area increased after ES and reverted to baseline values after the delay. The number of nuclei and fibers considerably increased after ES. Conclusions. Young skeletal muscle obtains more plasticity than adult muscle during ES. Elderly skeletal muscle does not convert to a fatigue resistant state as completely as adult skeletal muscle during a conventional eight week ES protocol. It is necessary to change and prolong the ES protocol for elderly patients.


The magneto-optical microwave spectrum analyzer of sequential type based on waveguide- light interaction with magnetostatic surface wave (MSSW) in a planar yttrium-ion-garnet (YIG) film is suggested and investigated. The analyzer output response is proportional to the efficiency of dynamic TM-TE mode conversion induced by MSSW while sweeping of the frequency is carried out by tuning of the magnetic field strength. The increase of dynamic mode conversion efficiency of up to 35% per 1 W of input microwave power and narrowing of the interaction bandwidth of up to 4 MHz have been obtained by using a nonuniform magnetizing of the ferrite film. The analyzer has the following parameters: total overview frequency band 3.6 - 9.5 GHz, frequency resolution better than 10 MHz, sweeping time less than 0.5 s, and dynamic range of about 36 dB.