A new method of inferencing of coupled stochastic nonlinear oscillators is described. The technique does not require extensive global optimization, provides optimal compensation for noise-induced errors and is robust in a broad range of dynamical models. We illustrate the main ideas of the technique by inferencing a model of five globally and locally coupled noisy oscillators. Specific modifications of the technique for inferencing hidden degrees of freedom of coupled nonlinear oscillators is discussed in the context of physiological applications.


[Objective] To understand bacteriology of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and drug sensi- tivity of isolated bacteria in the last two years from Dalian for better treatment of CSOM. [Methods] Secretions of 146 samples with chronic suppurative otitis media were collected and cultured for bacteria and fungi respec- tively. Drug sensitivity test of isolated bacteria was done. [Result] Pathogens were found in 142 of 146 sam- ples, the main pathogens were aureus staphylococcus(34.34%), pseudomonas aeruginosa(21.08%) and bacillus proteus(9. 03%), and cephalosporin was showed the best susceptibility on those bacteria. [Conclusion] To study microbiology and drug sensitivity of patterns with chronic suppurative otitis media was helpful to selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent.


Multi-layered material (sandwich panel) consists of double-sided steel plate which is incombustible material or similar material and core material which is not incombustible material. In case of sandwich panel which uses combustible material as insulation, flames spread inside the steel plate at the time of fire so that it is difficult to extinguish fire from the outside and flames spread rapidly and may cause the building to collapse. The current Building Act requires the sandwich panel to secure fire-retardant performance according to the purpose and size of building. In this study, the fire spreading prevention structure applied to partial exterior walls was applied to multi-layered material and its effect was measured through full scale fire test and the possibility to secure fire safety of buildings by applying the fire spreading prevention structure to multi-layered material in future was presented.


This chapter explores the indigenous trends that complemented British initiatives to ensure the rigidification of religious boundaries. Historians declare that from the moment the East India Company gained footholds in South Asia at Madras, Calcutta, Bombay and Surat, 'Royal Charters' insured that English civil and criminal law would play a role in future administration. The influence of immanent monism is apparent in Wali Allah's understanding of Judgement Day, not to mention Heaven and Hell. In the domain of jurisprudence, Wali Allah categorically argued for ijtihad. Colonialism was the main way that scholars could foster the bonds between Muslims to give the 'religious' community a prominent place in the rapidly evolving order. Muhammad Qasim's principles touch upon the administration of the madrasa. Deobandi scholars were no more alone in promoting their vision of Islam in the period of British Raj, than the earlier Wali Allahis were isolated in their times.Keywords: colonialism; Deobandi; East India Company; ijtihad; Islam; Judgement Day; madrasa; Muhammad Qasim; Wali Allah


In this letter the first demonstration of low‐crosstalk passive polarization splitters based on Ti: LiNbO3 single‐mode waveguide crossings is reported. Polarization crosstalk of less than −20 dB for both polarizations and total insertion loss figures of −2.5 dB (TE) and −3.0 dB (TM) at λ=1.3 μm have been achieved by optimizing the design and the fabrication of the intersection area. The devices operated nearly wavelength independent (±0.3 dB) over a range of 100 nm.


The carbonates of the Maiella Mountain (Italian Apennines) was studied to verify the consistency between forward model predictions and field measurements in a carbonate fracture sequence. The variability of depositional environments and facies, with the depositional trends orthogonal to the main present day structural axis, makes the Maiella Mountain an ideal outcrop for studying how carbonate units located in contrasting depositional environments (different textures and organization but similar structural locations) react to stress and develop fracture networks. This study was undertaken with a multidisciplinary approach and focused on the detailed acquisition and analysis of outcrop data (fracture, and facies) from sequences located in different depositional environments and structural settings. The results of the fieldwork were then compared with the fracture systems predicted by a forward modeling technique applied by restoring seismic-scale cross sections. The comparison highlights that : a) the structural model predicts correctly fracture density distribution at the field scale (km's); b) the structural model does not fit fracture density data at the inter well-scale (100'm); c) the number of fracture sets predicted by the model is not consistent with observed data; d) fracture connectivity is higher in the field than that proposed by the model.


Acne vulgaris remains one of the most common dermatologic disorders. Clinicians are always searching for new therapies to utilize in their therapeutic armamentarium for this common skin concern. We have many medical therapies at our disposal and these have proven useful in many cases in controlling the disease process. However, some patients need or want other therapies, and laser and light treatments for acne vulgaris have become popular over the past several years. This manuscript will review some of these promising therapies.


Abstract: In the present study herbal Hair oils were formulated. Hair is one of the vital parts of the body and a protective appendage on the body and considered accessory structure of integument along with sebaceous glands, sweat glands and nails. Hair oils are widely used by the consumer of the cosmetic industries. The hair oil samples comply for the requirements of color, odour, PH, Viscosity, Density, acid value. Present investigation was undertaken to standardize the selected herbal hair oils on physicochemical parameters and some standard. Excellent results were seen in formulation prepared by boiling method of oils preparation technique. Keyword: Herbal preparation, Hair oil, Acid value, Saponification value AIM: To Formulate & Evaluate Polyherbal Hair Oil. Objectives:  To collect information about Marketed herbal hair oils.  To prepare polyherbal hair oil.  To explore the use of Neem, Banyan tree of Arial root & Amla  To study evaluation of hair oil such as PH, Viscosity, Density, Refractive index, Acid value, Saponification value.  To achieve best formula for the hair oil using herbal ingredients.


During the past two years I have seen three cases of trichinosis, each referred as a probable case of frontal sinusitis. Two of these cases were seen in private practice and the third was referred to the Department of Laryngology at the Vanderbilt Clinic. As is well known, the symptomatology of trichinosis is most variable. Most textbooks emphasize its resemblance at the onset to typhoid fever and its symptoms are usually classified under (1) intestinal or choleriform stage; (2) rheumatic or typhoid phase. It sometimes simulates appendicitis and is frequently called "rheumatism" — that facile term so often connoting only our ignorance. From a fairly comprehensive search of the literature I find no mention of cases simulating frontal sinusitis. Case 1. —Mrs. B. R., aged 31, a physician's wife, was first seen with Dr. C. G. Coakley, Feb. 10, 1913. The patient at that time complained of a severe "cold


Analysis of the radio tracking data from the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft at distances between about 20–70 AU from the Sun has consistently indicated the presence of a constant acceleration of 8.6× 10−8 cm/s−2 directed towards the Sun. This has been one of the most interesting and intriguing astrophysical problems in the last decade. Currently, an independent research rises from the planetary long-term orbital evolution study and may be helpful to understand the nature of Pioneer Anomaly. Furthermore, calculation shows that the Pioneer data match with the new discovery's prediction very well.


Energetic, temporal and spectral characteristics of the phase conjugation (PC) process at intracavity degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) of frequency selective pulsed ebeam controlled discharge (EBCD) CO laser radiation are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Laser gas mixture CO:N2:He=1:4:5, gas density 0.3 Amagat, gas temperature 120-140 K, interaction angle ~10 mrad at DFWM without optical delay between probe wave E3 and co-propagating pumping one E1, active medium length 1.2 m, laser resonator length 17.7 m. PC reflectivity (PCR) on energy was ~1%, being independent of specific input energy. The dependencies of PCR on pressure had quite different behavior for different selected spectral lines. An influence of the neighboring vibrational band lasing on PCR for the spectral line under the investigation is demonstrated (Tab.l), PCR decreasing at switching on neighboring line lasing.


The object of this study is English words learning in college students.According to the students' current study situation and the researches made before and after prove mobile micro-learning and the characteristics of English vocabulary is fit,we put forward a new push style system that directed by the mobile micro-learning theory and the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve for CET-4 and CET-6 English words remember.The system is composed of two parts.One part is the online part,it's as an auxiliary which meet the students' every impulse of study.The other part is the offline part,it's the core of the system which is completely accomplished according to the related design.


A complex investigation of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is presented. Observations were carried out on 11 August 1999 during the solar eclipse over Bulgaria using a Light Detection and Ranging Device (Lidar), ozone meters and ground meteorological stations. The Lidar was used to measure the height of the mixing layer before, during and after the solar eclipse in Sofia city; the ozone meters measured the surface O3 concentrations during the phenomenon, while the ground stations took meteorological parameters of the atmospheric ground layer. Weather conditions in all the regions (Sofia, Shabla, Ahtopol and Rozhen peak) were favourable for the observations. The data of the three types of measurements demonstrate with certainty that the solar eclipse affects the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere near the ground, the ozone concentration and the height of the mixing layer. It was found that a certain time delay exists in the solar eclipse's impact on the meteorological parameters, the ozone concentration and the mixing layer height and that this delay was different for each of the different parameters.


This is a set of introductory lectures on non-equilibrium Quantum Field Theory and its applications in Cosmology. I will focus on describing how the interactions between a system and its environment lead to dissipative effects and associated fluctuations, which are fully encoded in a generic Langevin-like equation. First, I will discuss how this arises in the context of a simple quantum mechanical model and then move on to give a full description of these effects in Quantum Field Theory, using the real-time Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. I will give simple examples of dissipation coefficients for scalar interactions and use them to discuss how the effects of dissipation and fluctuations modify the dynamics of cosmological scalar fields, focusing on the framework of warm inflation.


Roll damping and nonlinear restoring forces have an important influence on ship roll motion. To identify them from free roll decay behaviors, the models are generally assumed to be known a priori. Here, the stochastic inverse method is introduced, and a new nonparametric approach is adopted to identify roll damping and nonlinear restoring forces from a free roll decay simulation, which is carried out by the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes method and overset mesh technology. In the nonparametric identification of roll damping and nonlinear restoring forces, the nonlinear Volterra integral equation of the first kind is solved by the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The conditional expectation and covariance of the conditional component distribution used in the Gibbs sampler are derived directly in the matrix-vector form by using an analytic inversion formula. Reconstructed roll histories are compared with ones from both the earlier work of the authors and the computational fluid dynamics method. Results show that the MCMC method is an effective way to identify roll damping and nonlinear restoring forces from free roll decay.


Study Design. A cross-sectional diagnostic study was conducted in two sessions. Objective. To determine and compare the reliability and validity of contraindications to chiropractic treatment (infections, malignancies, inflammatory spondylitis, and spondylolysis–listhesis) detected by chiropractors, chiropractic radiologists, and medical radiologists on plain lumbosacral radiographs. Summary of Background Data. Plain radiography of the spine is an established part of chiropractic practice. Few studies have assessed the ability of chiropractors to read plain radiographs. Methods. Five chiropractors, three chiropractic radiologists and five medical radiologists read a set of 300 blinded lumbosacral radiographs, 50 of which showed an abnormality (prevalence, 16.7%), in two sessions. The results were expressed in terms of reliability (percentage and kappa) and validity (sensitivity and specificity). Results. The interobserver agreement in the first session showed generalized kappas of 0.44 for the chiropractors, 0.55 for the chiropractic radiologists, and 0.60 for the medical radiologists. The intraobserver agreement showed mean kappas of 0.58, 0.68, and 0.72, respectively. The difference between the chiropractic radiologists and medical radiologists was not significant. However, there was a difference between the chiropractors and the other professional groups. The mean sensitivity and specificity of the first round, respectively was 0.86 and 0.88 for the chiropractors, 0.90 and 0.84 for the chiropractic radiologists, and 0.84 and 0.92 for the medical radiologists. No differences in the sensitivities were found between the professional groups. The medical radiologists were more specific than the others. Conclusions. Small differences with little clinical relevance were found. All the professional groups could adequately detect contraindications to chiropractic treatment on radiographs. For this indication, there is no reason to restrict interpretation of radiographs to medical radiologists. Good professional relationships between the professions are recommended to facilitate interprofessional consultation in case of doubt by the chiropractors.


To meet diversified and customizing requirements of materials coding in the enterprise,a new coding model is proposed oriented to multi-level,flexible structure and multi-segment code for PDM system.Types of code segment and multi-relation are explained.Key technologies,such as code resolution and identifiable code generation,algorithm of each one are briefly introduced.The code mode is proven to be adaptable by its implementation in different kinds of enterprises,with higher agility and practicality.


The text presents a social life of Polish Armenians living in Lviv or having family links with this city in the period from the mid-19 th century to 1939. Due to the preserved source materials the analysis is limited to landowners and members of intelligentsia. In the first part, the authordiscusses the issue of a complex, "strange" identity of Armenians living in the Polish territories. She demonstrates that at the beginning of the 20 th century, Polish Armenians developed a specific identity which can be best described using a Latin formula Gente Armeni natione Poloni . Their distinctness from ethnic Poles resulted from the memory of having a different origin and coming from a different tribe (gens) of which the rite remained the only real evidence. Then, the author gives specific examples of a social life, describing carnival balls, both those held in private homes as well as the official ones (including a famous in the interwar period "Armenian ball"), the most popular ways of spending free time – salon gatherings, organization and participation in dancing parties, theatrical performances, music concerts, charity events, hunting, horse races, visits in spa resorts, and holidays abroad. The article presents an opportunity to learn the habits and rules prevailing in this social circle during the discussed time period and follow the process of the acculturation of Armenians. The text is of particular importance to the contemporary Armenian minority which is very active in discovering and nurturing its history. Thanks to it, the members of particular families, especially those who have just discovered their Armenian roots, may also expand the knowledge of their ancestors.


The article describes the senior preschool age as a favorable period for the development of musical and perceptive competence, which is manifested in formed actions that allow a child to perceive the musical work adequately, to respond to it emotionally, and to interpret their ideas about the perceived music. The authors analyze the ideas developed in literary sources, on the basis of which they substantiate the understanding of the essence of musical and perceptual competence, approaches to its characteristic, model and content of its components. A detailed description of the research methods gives a broad idea of the ways in which the mentioned competence is studied. Much attention is paid to the data of the empirical phase of the study, which involved 68 children of senior preschool age. Based on the analysis of empirical data obtained from preschoolers, the psychological and pedagogical characteristic of musical and perceptive competence of the surveyed children of senior preschool age is created. It reflects the low rating of music on the lessons in the field of cognitive activity of preschool children and their low musical erudition, combined with an average level of emotional response to music and a high level of verbal interpretation of their ideas about what they heard in the game situation. As a result of complex psychological and pedagogical diagnostics the authors state that all the components of musical and perceptive competence corresponding to the created model are revealed among preschool children. However, the psychological and pedagogical characteristic of the competence shows that most of the components are mainly represented by low and medium levels of development (with the exception of the behavioral component, the only one identified in the game situation and represented by a high level). On the basis of the presented analysis and psychological and pedagogical characteristic the authors reveal the debatable moments and substantiate the prospect of the study and development of musical and perceptive competence of senior preschool children.


To straight bevel gear for the study,the use of three-dimensional design software Pro/E,through the analysis of straight bevel gear the relationship between various parameters of the straight bevel gear for the parametric design.After the parameters of the straight bevel gear can be driven accordingly by changing the various parameters,different parameters can quickly get the bevel gear parts,embodies the design parameters of the advantages of fast.Straight bevel gear and rapid prototype manufacturing,product development for the enterprise to provide macro-level model,a reduction of corporate costs to develop new products and shorten the product design,manufacturing cycle.


This paper investigates and researches the development status of Wushu routine required course of physical education major in Shenyang Sport Univerisity,and it is based on the current background and optimization of integrated goals to formulate the located frame design of teaching content optimization and integration,in order to get the optimization allocation plan of course hours ratio and feasibility analysis. This paper also explores Wushu routine course content system which does not only accommodates to the development requirements of the times,but also closely connect with the new goal of physical education in the univerisity. It aims at improving teaching quality and effctiveness and enchancing students' comprehensive capacity and quality to cultivate more excllent Wushu educational talents.


After listening to numerous pro life doctors, bioethicists and leaders warn of the dangers of allowing the abortifacient pill "Plan B" to be sold over the counter, the U.S. advisory panel to the FDA voted to recommend allowing the "morning after" contraceptive pill to be sold without a prescription. The pill is intended for use by women within 72 hours after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy. Barbara Kralis discusses this issue and its ramifications for our country.


This article discusses the evaluation process of students with intellectual disabilities. The objective is to show the assessment conducted by teachers who work in the context of specialized educational consultations (AEE) offered in multi-functional resources rooms in a Brazilian city. The methodology is based on collaborative research, through a focus group technique. The results indicate that the criteria for referral and evaluation of these students are based on their learning difficulties and/or identifying their inappropriate behavior. There are teachers who plan their approach according to the conditions reported by the student's evaluations. However, they face difficulties in establishing dialogues with regular teachers, which mean losses for these students.


Whereas in other countries experts diagnose a "crisis" of science reporting, Germany has seen an unprecedented boom in science journalism. But is this boom limited to science sections themselves, or does it spread also into other sections? And how does this increase in coverage influence the kind of reporting itself? Analysis of 4,077 articles in three nationwide newspapers in two periods (2003–2004 and 2006–2007) indicates an overall increase of science reporting by 48%; outside the science sections of the newspapers the increase is by 136%.


The effects of electron radiation on commercially fabricated gallium nitride light
emitting diodes (LEDs) is of interest due to its high tolerance against temperature and high
breakdown voltage, making it suitable to be used in an extreme environment. LED based on
this material is used as part of visible light communication and as an illuminating source in
space. However, due to the presence of high energy electron in space, these LEDs are
vulnerable towards electron radiation. Hence, this paper focus on the electrical characterization
of commercial Gallium Nitride (GaN) LEDs subjected to electron radiation dose ranged from
1MGy to 10MGy. The devices that were used in this study are Kingbright GaN Blue LEDs
(part #L-53MBC) and Vishay GaN Blue LEDs (part #TLHB5400). Capacitance-voltage (C-V)
characteristics of commercial GaN LEDs before and after irradiation were investigated. As the
radiation dose increase, the amount of capacitance and doping concentration decreases. This is
believed due to deactivation of dopants atoms in the bulk.


As regards mathematic bilingual teaching, the way of reading and writing of mathematic signs and formulas of algorithms and functions share common expressing ways. The research on it will offer some reference to the learning and teaching of scientific English.


It is now recognized that superplasticity requires a very small grain size, typically < 10 {micro}m. A further reduction in grain size, to the submicrometer or nanometer level, offers the potential for attaining superplasticity at both faster strain rates and lower temperatures. This paper reports an investigation of the microstructure and tensile behavior of an Al-3% Mg-0.5% Zr alloy after processing by equal-channel angular pressing to an equivalent true strain of {approximately}8.


This specification discloses an apparatus and method for controlling the air fuel ratio in an internal combustion engine. The instantaneous air fuel ratio is compared with the inverse of a prior art fuel ratio to determine if an adjustment is necessary. If the inverted prior state of the air fuel ratio is the same as the present state, no change to the air fuel ratio will occur. If the inverted prior state is not the same as the present state, a control correction in the air fuel ratio will occur. The system will not change control voltage if the predicted stated and the actual state of the air fuel ratio agree.


Traction coefficients are used in the calculations required for safe geometric road design, including stopping sight distance and horizontal curve alignment. Friction factors are based on traction coefficients for low-volume roads provided in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (FS) Road Preconstruction Handbook and are also referenced by the AASHTO Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very Low-Volume Local Roads (ADT ≤ 400). These traction values are based on measurements from the 1950s to the 1970s. However, tire design, construction, and even test methods have changed considerably since then. To evaluate the validity of the design coefficients, and to determine replacement values or ranges, a literature search, data mining, and a limited test program were conducted by the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory and FS. This paper presents existing FS handbook values and design guidelines, updated values collected from the literature, and new measurements taken on gravel and snow-covered roads. For longitudinal friction–traction, updated values are similar to the FS handbook values, except for asphalt and gravel, which has presented friction values up to 30% and 100% higher, respectively. Lateral traction shows even higher values for gravel and snow, being 2 to 2.5 times as high as the handbook's median values. Fortunately, these differences err on the side of safety. Future evaluations should consider the impact of the higher values on road design, operations, and economics to see whether a change is warranted. Testing of additional surfaces is recommended, as are measurements that use a wider range of tires and vehicles.


When provided, and connected to an external device, the image pickup means for imaging a subject, a display of a character corresponding to this be able to set a function corresponding to the external device to display on the screen, and also auto-OFF function of the power, the switching mode of operation or it enables the output of the sound is provided an image pickup apparatus. Image sensing apparatus, image sensing means for imaging a subject and, with the recording and reproducing means for recording or reproducing the data imaged by the imaging means, and having a connection means for connecting with a device having a connection format conforming to a predetermined standard image pick-up device and, connection means selects or sets the connection format with the device to switch on the switch. Imaging means, automatic OFF function, character, sound, switching operation modes


The fourth sentence of the section Study setting has been changed from "For the study we partnered with Asha Nepal and the Centre for Awareness and Promotion (CAP) Nepal, and local non-government organisations (NGOs) which both work with women and girls who have been sexually abused or trafficked for sexual exploitation." To "For the study we partnered with Asha Nepal and the Centre for Awareness and Promotion (CAP) Nepal, local non-government organisations (NGOs) which both work with women and girls who have been sexually abused or trafficked for sexual exploitation."


The article discusses cooperation of religion and law under the conditions of confessional diversity and in cases when religion is not recognized as a national and established one. Special attention is paid to correlation of religious and legal imperatives. The author defines factors that influence the stability of law in the multiconfessional state.


Stores today are complex spaces where the availability of information related to the behaviours of shoppers plays a key role to optimize the sales. It is also strategic to gather data in order to monitor the availability and right placement of products on the shelves. In this context, mobile robotics could support the retailers to map the current status of a store using autonomous platforms. Of course full mapping strategies could be easily implemented considering well consolidated approaches. Regarding this context, we explore the capability to mimic / avoid the customer behaviour during mapping tasks of an autonomous robot. Mapping tasks are designed to get images from cameras installed on the mobile platforms to check the planogram integrity also identifying out-of-stock issues. We propose a strategy to predict the trajectory of shoppers inside a store that could be used by the navigation planner of a robot to map highly visited areas. The approach could be also used to avoid the user(s) during their shopping in order to minimize the bother caused by the presence of a mobile platform.


— This paper presents air defense system (ADS) development to be able to automatically detect threats in the airspace (e.g., drones) and track them without a human interference. The ADS is carried out the usage of servo-motors, digital cameras, and laser gun. The camera starts to take pics of objects in the airspace and detect moving objects around it. Deep learning algorithms are used for the detection and classification of targets. MATLAB software program was used for image processing and detection by using a new version of algorithm which is YOLOv5. And the use of the Arduino Uno microcontroller which controls the orientation of the actuators. The air defense system was designed through SOLIDWORKS software program and printed by a 3-D printer. Experimental results showed that the system can detect threats within the airspace with good effectiveness and accuracy. In the detection stage, an average loss of 0.03, F1 score of 94% and a mAP of 97% was achieved with the use of YOLOv5. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________


В настоящем исследовании анализируется роль и место Конституционного суда РФ.
 This study analyzes the role and place of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and its formation as a separate body outside the judicial system.


The aggregation agent of University-Industry collaboration(U-I collaboration) have various features of Complex Adaptive System(CAS). After the evolution, aggregation agent could comprehensively produce the structures, functions and charact ers which their components cound not possess. The existence of the agent and agglomeration is the precondition of emergency of U-I collaboration, Nonlinear interactions、Self-organization and Constrained Generating Procedures is the internal logic for emergency of U-I collaboration. The construction of adaptability is the feature of Environmental strategy,which is the external conditions for emergency of the aggregation agent.


Abstract : This report summarizes the successes of our effort for the HEDM program, both methodological and in terms of metastable molecule chemistry. Recognizing the prospects for highly energetic metastable species based upon nitrogen, we initiated our study of a variety of such potential molecules. These included N3H3, which is isoelectronic with the well-known species ozone, cyclopropane and propene; tetrahedral N4 which is isovalent with P4 or As4, and is forbidden by symmetry from decaying to ground state N2 molecules; octahedral N8, isoelectronic with cubane and similarly forbidden from direct decomposition to N2 in its ground state; and pentazole, HN5. Each of these was found to contribute a metastable minimum on the global potential energy surface, which also provided the IR spectra of these unknown molecules. At the CCIMBPT level of approximation the vibrational frequencies are normally within 5% of experiment and the relative intensities typically to within about 20. Other work includes studies of transients involved in pertinent oxidation processes like H2CO2 and OCBO, and our new approach to excited states, EOM-CCSD.


Purpose – In the service economy era, service value is created from the evaluation of customer experience and it is important to study alliance partner selection for improving service provision. Nevertheless, most of the existing alliance partner selection approaches concentrate on the functional aspects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a novel approach that is customer-centric and emphasizes the emotional aspect of service value. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a metaphor-based alliance partner recommendation mechanism (MAPRM) that employs the computing metaphor approach to recommend alliance partners for companies in an innovative way. The main ideas of metaphors are the comparison made between two unlike things that actually have something in common so as to attain innovative thinking. Findings – This study uses the scenario of regional tourism innovation to demonstrate the attempted contributions of MAPRM. The simulation evaluation results show that MAPRM can utilize knowledg...


An updated list is given of 113 species of scale insects which have been intercepted on plants imported into Korea during the period of 2007 to 2011. Information on the number of interceptions, origin, host plants and distribution of species intercepted at Korean ports of entry is provided. In addition, data on intercepted species was analyzed to determine potential invasive species of scale insects that could threaten Korean plants.


In order to obtain precise complex permittivity of the dielectric materials obtained from the perturbation method a correction curve is made using the electromagnetic field simulator which applies transmission line modeling (TLM) method. In this experiment, generated microwave power with the frequency of 2.45 GHz is applied to heat dielectric material while measuring temperature dependence of complex permittivity of dielectric material. To obtain these objectives cavity resonator with cooling system is designed. It is found from the result that the accurate temperature dependence of complex permittivity of the materials can be obtained by the method presented here.


OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to a process for producing pure saponins from the root of Ficaria ranunculus by a series of solvent extraction steps, whereby the impurities con tained in the source material are eliminated. This invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions having appreciable physiological activity as anti-conges tive and vaso-constrictive agents which are more par ticularly of use in the treatment of hemorrhoids and


The purpose of this research is to study the capacity of Prof. Dr. Hazairin Universityin improving health of the organization and changes of marketing strategic. The data consist of the policy effective in Prof. Dr. Hazairin University from 2010 to 2015. Analysis tool used is the SWOT analysis by calculating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.This study showed the functioning of market segmentation strategy, targeting strategy, positioning strategy, differentiation, focus and efficiency as element the competitive power of Prof. Dr. Hazairin University. This confirms the importance of applying a total quality management system for enhanced health of the organization a higher educational institution.


The present status of the T(d,n)4He and T(t,2n)4He cross sections is reviewed for incident-particleenergies below 1 MeV. Parsmeterizations of the T(d,n) cross section in this energy region are discussed along with predictionsfrom a preliminary,but comprehensive,R-matrix analysis of reactione in the five-nucleonsystem at low energies. Tabular values of these predictionsare given at energies between 5 keV and 1 MeV. INTRODUCTION During a recent visit to Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL),Dr. V. I. Pistunovichof the Soviet Union suggested that the experimentalT(d,n) cross sections used by Soviet scien~iste1 were significantly different from those reported in LA-20142 3 and BNWL-1685, which are currentlyused for most fusion calculationalprograms in the U. S. Pistunovich recalled values of the T(d,n) cross section which were a factor of two lower near 60 keV, a peak cross section of approximately5 barns, and therefore a resonancewidth which is narrower than predicted by U. S. and Russian measurementsavailable through 1971. As a further check, tt should be 4 noted that Greene summarized the U. S. data through 1964 and performed a least squares fit. The cross sections are presented only in graphical form but they show good agreementwith the results in BNWL1685, as they should since essentiallythe same input data were used by both Duane3 and by Greene.4 A reduction of the T(d,n) cross section as suggested by Pistunovichcould produce serious problems in some of our present CTR design studies. In addition, the suggested uae of the T(t,2n) reaction in the Princeton Test Reactor as a diagnostic tool has increased CTR interest in this cross section. Other less important reactions taking place in the plasma are the D(d,n)3He,D(d,p)T, 3 He(d,p)4He and T(3He,x). At the USNDC CTR Subcommitteemeeting held in Washington,D. C. in November, 1974, LASL was asked to prepare a status report on the fusion crose sections for distributionand further study by the Subcommittee. Due to the time element involved and the hundreds of papers which must be perused and reviewed on the D(d,n), D(d,p) and 3He(d,p) reactions, it was decided to limit this study to the T(d,n) and T(t,2n) reactionswith the hope that the other reactions can be studied at a later date along with the extension of all the fusion reactions to higher incident particle energies. 11. GENERAL BACKGROUND . LA-2014L is a graphical compilation of the "best" charged-particlecross sections available through the Spring of 1956, for targets of hydrogen through fluorine. As such, curves through experimental data were sometimes plotted instead of the measurements themselves; this was often the case when the "smoothed curves" were the only tabular data presented by the authors. BNWL-1685, 3 although published In 1972, is based on the compilation,LA-2014. The "experimental" data presented in Tables evidently prepared by reading A nonlinear least squares fit points using from two to f~ve depending upon the reaction. sions and parameters found in E.1 through E,6 were the graphs in LA-2014. was then made to these adjustable parameters, The analytical expresthe fits are included in the title captions for Figs. E.1 through E.6. UCRL-705224 includes experimentaldata through 1964; least squares fits were performed and Maxwell


Researchispresentedonthesemanticstruc- ture of 15 emotion terms as measured by judged-similarity tasksformonolingualEnglish-speakingandmonolingualand bilingual Japanese subjects. A major question is the relative explanatory power of a single shared model for English and Japanese versus culture-specific models for each language. The data support a shared model for the semantic structure of emotion terms even though some robust and significant differences are found between English and Japanese struc- tures. The Japanese bilingual subjects use a model more like English when performing tasks in English than when per- forming the same task in Japanese.


The invention discloses an electrode plate used for foot drop treatment, and belongs to a technical scheme of the field of foot therapeutic apparatuses. The electrode plate includes a bandage, conductive fabric is arranged on an inner side face of the bandage, the conductive fabric is electrically connected with an electrode, and the electronic is used for receiving power input and delivering the power input to the conductive fabric to be output. Since the conductive fabric in the technical scheme can directly conduct electricity, the whole process does not need to add water, thus the operation is convenient, and a user can be prevented from being wetted, thereby improving the comfort in the therapeutic process; and furthermore, the conductive fabric only needs to receive power supply through the electrode, and does not need an extra structure to cooperate, and compared with the prior art, the manufacturing technology is simpler.


Based on the analysis of the connotation of logistics knowledge management, the author elaborates that the knowledge management in modern logistics enterprise have great contribution in terms of enhancing the logistics enterprises' capacity for adapting to environment, reducing the supply chain logistics operation time, decreasing uncertainty in logistics supply chain management, optimizing matter resources disposition, and so on. Implementing knowledge management is a complex process. So, during this process, we should adhere to four basic principles. At the same time, the author proposes the modern logistics enterprise knowledge management strategy taking the knowledge library establishment as the premise.


A DFT scheme was adopted to study the noncovalent/covalent attachment of fullerenes (C60, Si24C36, and B24N36) to graphene and Fe-doped graphene nanosheets (FeG). Geometrical, energetic, and electronic properties related to the physical and chemical nature of the bonding were characterized. The results show that fullerenes are physisorbed on graphene with adsorption energies of 0.7–1.2 eV, while the chemisorption is reached on FeG by cycloadditions with adsorption energies of 1.6–4.4 eV and is depending on the topology of FeG. The origin of the stability was analyzed from chemical and physical viewpoints, applying methods such as atom-in-molecules (AIM), natural bond orbital (NBO), and energy decomposition analysis based on absolutely localized molecular orbitals (ALMO-EDA). It is shown that noncovalent graphene–fullerene hybrids are assembled by van der Waals interactions but are also governed by permanent electrostatic Coulombic interactions that contribute at least 31% to the binding stability and depe...


In this paper, the author analytically investigates a second order control system with dead time and saturation and he elucidates selective occurrence of self-oscillation in the system. The conclusions obtained are as follows: The system has several pairs of unstable characteristic roots in some intervals of dead time. Among a number of self-excited modes of oscillations which correspond to unstable roots, only one mode of oscillation develops and settles down to a steady state periodic oscillation under the effect of saturation (the oscillation is referred to as self-oscillation). Although occurrence of two or more modes of self-oscillations may be possible in some intervals of dead time, these modes of oscillations can never occur simultaneously, but only one mode of them can occur depending upon the initial condition. The condition of occurrence of self-oscillation is analytically expressed and also amplitudes and frequencies of self-oscillations are theoretically obtained. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental results by analog computer.


The history, distribution, taxonomy, habitat and cultivation requirements of Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don (Cupressaceae), which is considered endemic to Japan, are discussed; a full description with illustrations of the species is provided.


In the paper, we statistically analysed data on the average hourly wind speed obtained from the meteorological station Poprad (located at the Poprad-Tatry airport, the Prešov region, Northern Slovakia) for the period 2005–2021. High altitude and rough mountainous terrain influence the weather conditions considerably and are a source of occasional weather risks. Finding an appropriate wind speed distribution for modelling the wind speed data is therefore important to determine the wind profile at this particular location. In addition to the commonly used two- and three-parameter Weibull distribution, a more flexible exponentiated Weibull (EW) distribution was applied to model the wind speed. Based on the results of the goodness-of-fit criteria (the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the Anderson–Darling test, Akaike's and Bayesian information criteria, the root mean square error, and the coefficient of determination), the EW distribution obtained a significantly better fit to seasonal and monthly wind speed data, especially around the peaks of the data. The EW distribution also proved to be a good model for data with high positive skewness. Therefore, we can recommend the EW distribution as a flexible distribution for modelling a dataset with extremely strong winds or outliers in the direction of the right tail. Alongside the wind speed analysis, we also provided the wind direction analysis, finding out that the most prevailing direction was west (W)—with an occurrence rate of 34.99%, and a mean wind speed of 3.91 m/s, whereas the northern (N) direction featured the lowest occurrence rate of only 4.45% and the mean wind speed of 1.99 m/s.


It is well known that there are variations in secondary metabolite production between different isolates of the same species of fungus in different habitats and geographic locations. What is less well known, however, is how much intrinsic variability in secondary metabolite production exists between different isolates of the same species within a particular habitat. The theory of adaptive polymorphism predicts that populations occupying wide ecological niches show greater variation than populations occupying narrow niches. As a test of this theory the influence of the habitat variability on the physiological and metabolic diversity of fungi occupying that habitat is reported using examples from the literature and from the author's own work with fungi colonizing wood in deserts of the southwest U.S.A. Key words: Fusarium spp., adaptive polymorphism, physiological diversity, metabolic diversity, secondary metabolites, habitat.


The utility model relates to a ceramic packaging box with a cuff. The ceramic packaging box comprises a box body and a box cover, wherein the box body is a half-open box body formed by combining a fixed periphery and a moveable cover side; one side of the box body is provided with an opening with a cover; a cuff is fastened at the outside of the box body which is provided with a box sleeve; the box body can be a polygonal or cylindrical box body; the opening of the box body is arranged on the long side of the box body; the opening of the box body and the box body are connected with a moveable cover of the opening of the box body; the moveable cover can be a single-cover side or dimidiate-open double cover side; the fixed periphery is at least provided with more than two side edges and two end edges to form a half-open rectangular or cylindrical box body with an opening on one side; the box sleeve is arranged on the surface of the box body; the inner surface of the box sleeve is matched with the surface formed by side edges with an opening on the box body so as to form a ferrule which is of a whole ring shape; the box sleeve is sleeved on the box body formed by lateral surfaces with the opening on the box body so as to form the cuff of the opening of the box body.


Purpose: This study was aimed at constructing and examining the effects of a laughter therapy program for elderly patients in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A prospective, two-group quasi-experimental design was used and 50 patients (25 experimental and 25 control group patients) from two long-t...


Background: In prehospital trauma care active warming is recommended to aid in protection from further cooling. However, scientific evidence of the effectiveness of active warming in a clinical set ...


In our time, the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become important tools, not only in the geosciences and environmental sciences, as well as virtually for all researches that require monitoring, planning or land management. The purpose of this paper was to develop a planning tool and decision making tool using AutoCAD Map software, ArcGIS and Google Earth with emphasis on the investigation of the suitability of forest roads' mapping and the range of its implementation in Greece in prefecture level. Integrating spatial information into a database makes data available throughout the organization; improving quality, productivity, and data management. Also working in such an environment, you can: Access and edit information, integrate and analyze data and communicate effectively. To select desirable information such as forest road network in a very early stage in the planning of silviculture operations, for example before the planning of the harvest is carried out. The software programs that were used were AutoCAD Map for the export in shape files for the GPS data, and ArcGIS in shape files (ArcGlobe), while Google Earth with KML files (Keyhole Markup Language) in order to better visualize and evaluate existing conditions, design in a real-world context and exchange information with government agencies, utilities, and contractors in both CAD and GIS data formats. The automation of the updating procedure and transfer of any files between agencies-departments is one of the main tasks of the integrated GIS-tool among the others should be addressed.


Background: There is so many opportunistic infection is present in PL HIV patient when patient immunity disturbed and their CD4 count decreased .this study was conducted for frequency of opportunistic infection in PL HIV and its role in monitoring of ART 1 failure. Aims and objective was to study the frequency of opportunistic infection in PL HIV and its role in monitoring of ART1 failure. Methods: This study was conducted in ART plus centre K.P.S. Post Graduate Institute of Medicine (G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur) tertiary care teaching hospital and is clinical (assessment with investigation) continuous longitudinal, prospective and retrospective, observational, single centre hospital based study at ART Centre, Kanpur and considered All the patient on 1st line ART treating attending in centre were screened for treatment failure decided by SACEP from 2016 to 2018. Results: In this study there was opportunistic infection present that maximum in oral candidiasis but overall tuberculosis is maximum that is considered pulmonary tuberculosis, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, tubercular lymphadenitis and tubercular pericarditis, Abdominal knocks, TBM. LRTI and chronic diarrhea is also present. The male and rural area are more having opportunistic infections and all are have CD4 count 100 to 200 micrometer /Litre. Conclusions: The opportunistic infection mostly are oral candidiasis and tuberculosis, present in CD4 count in the range of 100-200 /ml.it is the indication of ART failure during treatments.


A method is described for the determination of Cs/sup 137/ in urine. Samples are passed through a column containing ammonium phosphomolybdate which acts as a highly specific cation exchanger for Cs. Details are given of the recovery of the Cs from the column and of its purification and isolation in a form suitable for beta counting. The possible use of urine analysis to monitor current fall-out Cs/sup 137/ levels in diet and in the human body is discussed. Some examples of current levels are given. (auth)


An active decentralized fault tolerant control scheme is proposed based on signal reconstruction for reconfigurable manipulator systems with sensor fault. According to the modularity property of reconfigurable manipulators, an adaptive fuzzy decentralized controller is adopted to realize tracking control of each module joint trajectory at normal state. When a position or velocity sensor fault is detected, the reconstructed signals obtained by numerical integrator or differential tracker are utilized as the feedback signals to substitute for the relevant fault signals to realize active fault tolerant control. This scheme takes the advantage of redundant information sufficiently and avoids the affection to other joints brought by performance degradation of the faulted joint module. The numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault tolerant control.


Sixty-six bat species were con rmed in the scienti c literature for Cambodia. Through a morphological review of specimens collected from 2007 to 2013, we document the occurrence of four additional species: Cynopterus hors eldii, Coelops frithii, Rhinolophus pearsonii and Falsistrellus a nis. The rst two species were previously predicted for Cambodia, and all four were recorded during recent surveys using harp traps and mist nets in sites around the country. None of the newly recorded species are presently regarded as being of global conservation concern, although F. a nis (which represents the rst record of this species eastwards of Myanmar) is very CITATION: Chheang S., Bates, P.J.J., Boughey, K., Csorba, G., Hayes, B., Ith S., Mould, A., Phauk S. & Furey, N.M. (2013) Further new country records of four bat species (Chiroptera) from Cambodia and a call for information. Cambodian Journal of Natural History, 2013, 73–82.


The majority of British oral historians are concerned with aspects of local history. Each issue of the journal Oral History records the establishment of new projects focused on the history of particular countries, districts, towns, parishes, villages and even streets. In the last decade a variety of institutions, such as county libraries, local museums, polytechnics, the School of Scottish Studies, the Welsh Folklore Museum and the School of Manchester Studies have sponsored local histories based on oral sources. A plethora of oral history groups and workshops, often bearing the radical name of 'people's histories', have been set up in towns and in the suburbs of London and other cities. Above all, a large number of individuals have concentrated on small geographical areas, partly due to the logistics of interviewing. Most of the work of George Ewart Evans was done in East Anglia and other well-known oral historians have followed his example: Ronald Blythe with a Suffolk Village, Melvyn Bragg with a. Cumbrian market town, Trevor Lummis with East Anglican fishing towns, Merfyn Jones with the slate-mining villages of North Wales, and Elizabeth Roberts with Lancashire textile towns.' Finally, a growing number of oral historians have studied communities within local communities, such as the Jews in Manchester, the Welsh in Liverpool, the Pakistanis in Birmingham, and the West Indians in London.


"Information cascades" occur in sequential decision-making process, where the second person who ignores their own information in favor of going along with the decision of the first person could induce others to follow, sometimes even when those earlier decision-makers are misinformed. Suppliers and retailers have observed in recent years that minor variations in customer demand may cause widespread gyrations – the bullwhip effect in inventory levels and back-orders, which increase in magnitude as the (mis)information is transmitted across the supply chain. Traditionally, the problem has been defined as information-based and has been addressed by providing increased visibility across the supply chain, at best a partial remedy. Given that for most firms the sales and marketing department is the nexus of the organization, one possible explanation for the bullwhip effect could lie in the risk-sharing and payoff policies of supply chain players. This paper presents the theoretical basis for an experiment that tests the effect of the prevailing reward system on the frequency information cascades. Proof of the main hypothesis would imply that more equitable sharing of risks and payoff in supply chain alliances can actually reduce the impact of the bullwhip effect, a new perspective on the phenomenon. 1. THE BULLWHIP EFFECT In a sequential supply chain decision-making process, small variations in consumer demand have been observed to cause increasingly larger gyrations in inventory and back-order levels as the information is relayed backwards across the supply chain, away from the retailer. This phenomenon, the "bullwhip effect" is believed to be the result of one of four supply chain related causes (Lee, Padmanabhan and Whang, 1997): (i) Demand signal processing: where a retailer incorrectly interprets a temporary surge in one period as a signal of an increase in future demand; (ii) Response to rationing: where in the case of rationed supplies, the retail may pad orders to ensure additional safety stock as a buffer against possibility stock-outs; (iii) Order batching: demand distortion that can result either from the periodic review process, or the processing cost of a purchase transaction, where the retailer could order an amount up to the volume of the previous cycle's demand; and (iv) Price fluctuations: in instances where a retailer faces independent and identically distributed demand in each period, this could generate the bullwhip effect. Mitigation measures focus on greater visibility for supply chain members, calling for more transparent data sharing (Lee, Padmanabhan and Whang, 1997; Eleni and Ilias, 2005; Wang, Jai and Takahashi, 2005). Some researchers are not as optimistic re this solution (Dejonckheere, Disney, Lambrecht and Towill, 2004). Firstly, most supply chain success stories are at best anecdotal (Bechtel and Jayaram, 1997), and given the predominance of the sales and marketing functions of the firm and the preponderant concern with sales maximization, firms may be easily enticed into abandon common supply-chain efficiency objectives in favor of more selfish gains. Supply chain management entails three distinct component processes: first, planning involves sophisticated demand forecasting that guide sourcing, manufacturing and operations. Next, these high level strategic plans are translated into tactical level action plans at the execution and transactional levels of the organizations, allowing for some degree of interpretation and modification which could initiate the "cascades" identified in supply chains as "the bullwhip effect." The lure of the possibility of increased sales may lead to defection by any supply chain member, choosing instead to pursue individual goals that bear the prospect of higher rewards (Reddy 2001). As information regarding this act of defection travels further up the supply chain amended forecasts become more and more exaggerated and the bullwhip effect takes shape. Banerjee's "herd-behavior" model (1992) refers to the associated decision-action of following the majority, where subjects choose to ignore their own information even when it may be correct, in favor of following others' lead, sometimes even when those others are misinformed. In a sequential decision-making process, the decision of the second person to ignore their own information in favor of going along with the decision of the first could induce the rest of the chain to go along with the popular decision, resulting in an "information cascade." Subsequent researchers (Anderson and Holt, 1997) have claimed that their laboratory findings supported Banerjee's conclusions, while yet others have proposed alternate explanations. This paper proposes yet another possible explanation: given that both "herd-member" and firstmover strategies are valid and rational strategies, one possible explanation could lie in the reward policies used in these laboratory experiments. Subjects may be simply reacting according to the underlying system of risk and rewards of the options they face. Next follows a brief explanation of Bayesian rule and how they relate to the concept of information cascades. Then we examine some laboratory and other experiments that are believed to either support or refute the argument that information cascades are at the root of the issue and outline a methodology to test the influence of the reward structure used in the experiment. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This paper appears in the book, Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management, Volume 1 and Volume 2 edited by Mehdi Khosrow-Pour © 2006, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB12743


The availability of electricity is an important necessity in life to support the economic and social activities of the community such as industry, agriculture, household and trade. Without sufficient access to electricity, the goals of community economic and social development will not be achieved. One of the East Java Provincial Government's efforts to meet its electricity needs is to build renewable energy sources such as micro-hydro power plants (or PLTMH in Indonesian) which are planned to be developed in 21 regencies or cities. However, until now the development of the PLTMH has not been implemented perfectly. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the extent of the progress of the PLTMH development, factors that caused problems in the development of PLTMH, and recommendations for solving problems such as what could be formulated. The method used in this study is through qualitative descriptive analysis with indepth interview and using root cause analysis. Based on the results of this study it is known that the main thing that caused problems in the construction of the PLTMH was the existence of constraints in planning and financing. The recommendation for solving the problems obtained from this study is the need for technical planning and budgeting with financing schemes that can be sourced from the government or the private sector.


We present in these proceedings, our analysis (arXiv:2004.14398) at one-loop level within the Breitenlohner--Maison--'t~Hooft--Veltman (BMHV) scheme of Dimensional Regularization, of the counterterm structure arising due to the presence of the $\gamma_5$ matrix and the breaking of the BRST invariance, in a massless chiral Yang-Mills theory supplemented with real scalars. The full one-loop counterterm structure necessary for the renormalization is obtained. This comprises the singular counterterms, including evanescent ones, and by using techniques from algebraic renormalization the symmetry-restoring finite counterterms are evaluated as well. The latter are required to restore the BRST invariance, central to the consistency of the theory and for higher-order calculations. The renormalization group equations are derived within this framework, and are compared with the more ``familiar'' calculation in the context of symmetry-invariant renormalization.


Several reports have appeared on the treatment of infected root canals with penicillin. The earlier workers [Shaw, Sprawson and May (1), and Grossman (2, 3)] recognized that they had used too small a dose and explained unfavorable results on that basis. Buchbinder (4) used paper points which he calculated had soaked up 1,000 to 2,000 units of penicillin, or he injected oil containing 100,000 units/ml. directly into the canal with a syringe. In 33 of 36 cases treated, cultures from the canal became negative, though he was unable after 24 hours to demonstrate any penicillin in dressings which had originally contained 1,000 units. Stewart (5) forced penicillin into the canal with a syringe, using solutions containing 20,000 to 80,000 units in each milliliter and keeping as much of it as possible in the canal between sittings by packing with cotton and sealing with zinc oxide and eugenol. A hundred patients (112 teeth) were treated, and cultures from the canal were negative after 2 or 3 treatments in all but 2 cases. Stewart did not regard infiltrating above the apex to be necessary. In Bender's series (6) of 53 cases, the canal was negative on culture in 70% of the cases after one treatment. The treatment was accomplished by flooding the canal by means of a syringe and needle with 25,000 to 50,000 units several times during one sitting. He used both brain heart infusion and sodium thioglycollate broth as culture media and added clarase to inactivate any penicillin remaining at the time the culture was made. Potkin (7) used paper points, adding just enough water to 100,000 units of penicillin to be completely absorbed by 200 paper points, hence each point represented a dose of 500 units. Unlike Buchbinder, Potkin found that the paper points still contained enough penicillin to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus after they had been in the canal 48 hours, even when the canal was putrescent. Potkin carried out a series of laboratory experiments in which he compared the inhibitory action of the paper points which were saturated with 500 units of penicillin and points which had absorbed 2 drops of various medicaments such as beechwood creosote and eugenol, using Staphylococcus aureus as test organism. From his photographs it appears that the penicillin point was as inhibitory


Collision with a large Piwinski angle is one of the update scenarios of LHC toward the luminosity 10 cm−2s−1. The large Piwinski angle is realized by a small beta function at the collision point and longer bunch length. The Piwinski angle is increased from 0.6 to 2 in the scenario. The bunch population is increased so as to keep the beam-beam parameter. The beam-beam performance is degraded by crossing angle which induces additional nonlinear terms due to a symmetry breaking of the collision especially for the high beam-beam parameter. Effect of crossing angle for the nominal LHC design and the large Piwinski angle scheme are studied. INTRODUCTION We discuss effects of crossing angle in LHC and its upgrade plans. Piwinski angle for horizontal crossing is defined by φ = θσz σx . (1) where θ, σz and σx are a half crossing angle, bunch length and horizontal beam size, respectively. The nominal LHC is θ = 140 μrad, σz = 7 cm and σx = 17 μm, thus the Piwinski angle is φ = 0.6. The crossing angle induces [7] various nonlinear terms, which degrade the luminosity performance. The large Piwinski angle scheme φ = 2 expects linear luminosity increase for the bunch population without increasing the beam-beam parameter. We study the beam-beam performance for the crossing collision in the nominal design and upgrade options using computer simulations. EFFECT OF CROSSING ANGLE Lorentz transformation is used so that the two beams move completely opposite direction. Electro-magnetic field is formed in the perpendicular to the moving direction, thus colliding beam experiences the electro-magnetic field in the perpendicular to the moving direction [1, 2, 3]. This feature simplifies treatment of the beam-beam force. The schematic view is seen in Figure 1. The Lorentz transformation from the laboratory frame to the head-on frame (ML) is given for a half crossing angle θ by [3] x∗ = tan θz + ( 1 + p∗x p∗s sin θ ) x Figure 1: Collision in the laboratory and head-on frame. Light blue and orange arrows display the electric field line of the colliding bunches. Black arrow displays the traveling direction of the bunches. y∗ = y + sin θ py p∗s x z∗ = z cos θ − H ∗ p∗s sin θx px = px − tan θH cos θ (2) py = py cos θ pz = pz − tan θpx + tan θH, where H = (1 + pz) − √ (1 + pz) − px − py ps = √ (1 + pz) − px − py. A star designates a dynamical variable in the head-on frame. H∗ and p∗s are H(p∗) and ps(p∗), respectively. Note that the x∗ and y∗ axes are defined in the same direction for both beams, while the s∗ axis is defined in opposite directions, since the two beams travel in opposite directions. The linear part of the transformation is expressed by a matrix ML = ⎛ ⎜⎜⎜⎜⎝ 1 0 0 0 tan θ 0 0 1/ cos θ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/ cos θ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/ cos θ 0 0 − tan θ 0 0 0 1 ⎞ ⎟⎟⎟⎟⎠ . (3) These transformations, Eqs.(2) and (3), are not symplectic. In fact, the determinant of the transfer matrixML is not 1, but cos−3 θ. This is not a problem because the inverse factor of cos θ is applied by the inverse transformation. This is due to the fact that the Lorenz transformation is not symplectic for the accelerator coordinate, because the Hamiltonian is divided by a reference momentum. Needless to say, the Lorentz transformation is symplectic for the physical coordinate, thus the transformations, Eqs.(2) and (3), are symplectic in the physical coordinate. The adiabatic damping is the concept in the accelerator coordinate. This discussion can be applied to the nonlinear transformation of Eq.(2) [4]. SIMULATION FOR NOMINAL LHC We first evaluate luminosity for the nominal LHC using weak-strong and strong-strong simulations. Crossing angle induces linear x − z coupling, with the result that the beam distribution diffuses and the luminosity degrades [4]. The diffusion rate strongly depends on the beam-beam parameter. For electron-positron colliders, the diffusion rate is faster than radiation damping rate > 10−4/turn for ξ > 0.05. Here damping rate of LHC is the order of one day 10 turns and the luminosity life time is expected 10 turns. Tolerable diffusion rate or luminosity decrement is 10−9/turn. The simulations was carried out during ∼ 10 turns in this paper. The decrement of 10−3 should be cared to predict the luminosity life time of 10 turns. Figure 2 shows evolution of the beam-size and luminosity given by the weak-strong and strong-strong simulation for the nominal bunch population. Plot (a) depicts beam size evolution given by the weak-strong and strong-strong simulations. A bunch is sliced in 10 pieces along its length in the weak-strong simulation. Macro-particles of 10 was used in the weak-strong simulation. The beam size of the weak beam is averaged in each 100 turns. No emittance growth nor luminosity degradation were seen in the weakstrong simulation. Two dimensional model is used for the strong-strong simulation to save the calculation time. This approximation may give optimistic results. However an emittance growth is seen in the strong-strong simulation. The emittance growth is considered by numerical noise of macroparticle statistics. Macro-particles of 10 are used the simulation. The statistical noise of collision offset (0.1%) can be introduced collision by collision in the simulation [5]. Needless to say, the weak-strong simulation is noise free. Plot (b) depicts luminosity evolution for the nominal, twice and 4 times bunch populations. Luminosity degradations are 10−9, 5× 10−9 and 3× 10−8 in one turn, respectively. If we believe this result, the bunch population is limited to the nominal value by the beam-beam effect. Here we consider this degradation is due to the numerical noise again. More discussions for noises in macro-particle simulations are seen in Ref.[6]. We use only the weak-strong simulation hereafter. Figure 3 shows the luminosity degradation for 2×, 4×, 6× and 8×more bunch populations than the nominal value. The red and green lines depict the evolution of the luminosity zero or finite crossing angle. In the nominal bunch population, there was no difference between zero and finite crossing angle. The difference was visible for more than 6 times population. Anyway, the nominal LHC is no problem for finite crossing angle. 0.5 0.502 0.504 0.506 0.508 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 σ μm ) turn (x10) strong-strong weak-strong 0.97 0.975 0.98 0.985 0.99 0.995 1 1.005 1.01 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 L/ L 0 turn (x10) Np 2xNp 4xNp Figure 2: Beam size increment and luminosity decrement given by the strong-strong simulation. 0.9997 0.9998 0.9999 1 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 L/ L 0 turn (x10) θ=0.15 mrad θ=0 mard 0.9997 0.9998 0.9999 1 1.0001 1.0002 1.0003 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 L/ L 0 turn (x10) θ=0.15 mrad θ=0 mrad 0.997 0.998 0.999 1 1.001 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 L/ L 0 turn (x10) θ=0.15 mrad θ=0 mrad 0.993 0.994 0.995 0.996 0.997 0.998 0.999 1 1.001 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 L/ L 0 turn (x10) θ=0.15 mrad θ=0 mrad Figure 3: Luminosity degradation due to the crossing angle given by the weak-strong simulation. Plots (a)-(d) depicts for 2×, 4×, 6× and 8× more bunch population than the nominal value, respectively. LARGE PIWINSKI ANGLE OPTION We study a large Piwinski angle option for LHC. Table 1 [8] shows parameter list of the large Piwinski angle options. The Piwinski angle φ = 2 is realized in the first option with long flat bunch, a half beta and 5 times bunch population. The angle φ = 3 is realized in the second option with a quarter low beta and 2 times bunch population. In this paper we study the first scheme (LPA1). LHC has two collision points. Both of the two collision points are designed so as horizontal-horizontal crossing in the nominal design. Hybrid crossing, in which horizontal and vertical crossing[9] are adopted for the two interaction points, can be considered for the upgrade plan. The tune spread due to the nonlinear beam-beam interaction is narrower for the hybrid crossing than the nominal crossing. The horizontal crossing induces the nonlinear terms xy while vertical crossing induces skew terms xy. This means the hybrid crossing induces more resonances than the nominal crossing. It is very difficult which is better the two cases, less resonance with wider tune spread, or more resonances with narrower resonances. The answer depends on the case by case, operating point, beam-beam parameter and so on. Simulation only gives the answer. The nominal crossing induces the same nonlinear interactions at the two interaction point. This means some nonlinear terms can be cancelled depending on the betatron phase difference. In the hybrid crossing, some terms can be cancelled but terms with different symmetry (parity) can not be cancelled. Table 1: Basic parameters of LHC nominal and large Piwinski angle option. ∗ The bunch length is total length with a flat longitudinal distribution. variable nominal LPA-1 LPA-2 circumference (m) 26,658 beam energy (TeV) 7 bunch population (10) 1.15 4.9 2.5 half crossing angle (mrad) 0.14 0.19 beta function at IP (m) 0.55 0.25 0.14 emittance (m) 5.07 × 10−10 beam-beam tune shift 0.0033 bunch length (cm) 7 41∗ 7.5 synchrotron tune, νs 0.0019 betatron tune, νx(y) 63.31/59.32 revolution frequency 10/day Piwinski angle φ 0.4 2 3 luminosity (cm−2s−1) 1 10 Simulation for the nominal and hybrid crossings The weak-strong simulation was executed to study the large Piwinski angle scheme. The number of the longitudinal slices are increased for proportional to the Piwinski angle. We show examples of the nominal and hybrid crossings. It should be emphasized that the results depend on the betatron phase difference between two IP. Here the phase difference is chosen to be Δψ = 0.2 × 2π for both of x-y plane. The parasitic interactions are included in the simulation. Figure 4 shows the simulation results for Np = 4.9 × 10 with including 7 parasitic collisions both side of upstream and down stream of the collision point. Plots (a), (b) and (c) depict the evolution of luminosity and beam


The challenge of educational improvement, due mainly to the complexity of educational systems, is well-known. The aim of this study is to provide knowledge regarding the process of change within schools to better understand how it might depend on cultural context and the characteristics of individual schools. Based on interventions in four compulsory schools (6–15 years old students) in Iceland, the study uses both qualitative and quantitative data. The process of change was guided by a framework grounded in professional learning community principles and designed to be adaptive for cultural contexts as well as the interdependence of different factors of educational systems. Theories of drivers of change and indicators of schools as professional learning communities were used to understand cultural conditions within them. The main findings indicate that the change process in team-driven schools with relatively high levels of teacher collaboration and engagement works well in the framework. By contrast, the change process seemed restrained in the profession-driven and problem-driven schools characterised by either a high level of teacher autonomy and lack of collaboration or engagement in solving several generic problems. The study provided valuable insights regarding the complexity of facilitating change, particularly, the importance of identifying main drivers of change affecting an intervention process at the initiation stage.


To research the adsorption mechanism of oxygen and nitrogen on composition B crystal surfaces and the effect on mechanical properties and sensitivity of explosive, the crystal model of composition B was established by Material Studio (MS). The adsorption process was simulated and the mechanical properties of composition B before and after adsorption, adsorption energy of different crystal surfaces, maximum trigger bond length distribution, interaction energy of trigger bond and cohesive energy density were got and compared. The results show that the (0 1 0) crystal surface has the best adsorption capacity. The mechanical properties decrease after adsorption and it is more obvious with the increasing of adsorbed gas number, which indicates that the mechanical properties of composition B become worse. The maximum trigger bond length increases, while the interaction energy of trigger bond and cohesive energy density decrease after adsorption, thus illustrating that the sensitivity of composition B increases.


Human motion is the composite consequence of multiple elements, including the action performed and a motion signature that captures the distinctive pattern of movement of a particular individual. We develop an algorithm that is capable of extracting these motion elements and recombining them in novel ways. The algorithm analyzes motion data spanning multiple subjects performing different actions. The analysis yields a generative motion model that can synthesize new motions in the distinctive styles of these individuals. Our algorithms can also recognize people and actions from new motions by comparing motion signatures and action parameters.


Abstract : A departure from a radioenzymic procedure widely used for plasma catecholamine analyses is reported. The departure features use of mean net standards instead of individual internal standards. Interlaboratory/intermethod analyses validated use of the modified principle and demonstrated its preferential use over the conventional principle. Also demonstrated is use of the modified procedure for calculating catecholamine concentrations of several plasma samples collected from an exercising man and an acceleration-stressed swine. Benefits already derived from use of the procedure include the following: (a) quantification of certain plasma samples which could not be satisfactorily quantified by conventional options, (b) an apparent gain in analytical precision in virtually all other analyses, and (c) a gain in economy of approximately 25%.


Objective:To study the curative effectiveness of treating adult amblyopia.Methods:To observe 62 amblyopic cases(86 eyes) aged 18~26 years who received eye exams prior to treatments. Patients then received comprehensive optometric based treatment and eyeglasses. A control group underwent treatment with a special Chinese medicine(anti amblyopic ruoshiming) and levodopa tablets.Results:Follow up visits show that the total recovery rate was 81.4%. Recovery rates for slight,moderate and severe ametropic amblyopia were 100%,86.7% and 20%,respectively,and rates for anisometropic amblyopia were 100%,86.4% and 16.7%,respectively.Conclusion:The treatment for adult amblyopia is usually effective and,therefore,cannot be overlooked.


191 Geochronology and thermochronology applied to detrital minerals such as zircons, monazites, white micas, and apatites have received increasing attention in the past decade for their unique power to determine the timing of crystallization and multiple tectono-thermal events, with relevance for sediment provenance, tectonic processes, and erosion. Recent breakthroughs in multi-dating (applying different geochronologic and thermochronologic systems to the same detrital grains) allow for unprecedented levels of detail in provenance and tectonic studies of detrital sediments. The common pre-conditions for application of these methods are: (1) the source areas are characterized by rocks with different tectonic histories recorded by distinctive crystallization and cooling ages, and (2) the source rocks contain the selected mineral. Whereas zircons occur in most magmatic, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks, other minerals, such as apatite, monazite, and white mica, are less abundant. This is why zircon geochronology and thermochronology is a particularly useful approach to detrital studies. In cases where different sources are characterized by the same zircon U-Pb ages, differential metamorphism and/or exhumation may produce distinctive thermochronological ages. It is also important to note that different


A novel red phosphor,LiSrBO3:Sm3+,is synthesized by solid state reaction method,and the spectral characteristics are investigated. The emission and excitation spectra indicate that LiSrBO3:Sm3+ phosphor can be effectively excited by near ultraviolet (UV) (404 nm),and exhibits a satisfactory red performance (599 nm),nicely fitting in with the widely applied UV chips. The effect of Sm3+ concentration on the emission intensity is studied,and the results show that the intensities reach the peak value at 3 mol% Sm3+. With doping Na+ or K+,the intensities are enhanced.


In April 1949, Portugal, an undemocratic and underdeveloped small country of Western Europe, became one of the 12 founding members of the Atlantic Alliance. The important geopolitical position of the Portuguese Atlantic islands was the main justification for the admission of this authoritarian regime in the Western Alliance. From this moment on, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) served as a framework for the bilateral relationship between Portugal and the USA. The US interests were fully achieved after the Azores agreement of 1951, since it authorised Washington to use an airbase in the archipelago during peacetime. However, for Lisbon, NATO did not safeguard one of its most important objectives: the maintenance of its colonial empire. As the 1950s evolved, US presence in the Azores and Lisbon's resistance to decolonisation became increasingly interdependent. Portugal quickly understood that the Azores could be a trump card to obtain political leverage from the USA regarding Lisbon's colonial policy. This strategy led to the establishment of a modus vivendi in US–Portuguese relations that was based on a thin balance between the interests of both governments.


The paper deals with a determination of some components of this complex mixture using derivative spectroscopy, without prior separation and derivatization


Echo texture, as defined by the K-distribution shape parameter, is evaluated as a feature useful in sonar information processing for the separation of targets and clutter. A shifted gamma distribution is proposed for representing the statistics of the logarithm of the texture estimator and seen to provide a very good fit for examples from exponentially-, Weibull-, and K-distributed data and an adequate fit for a very heavytailed generalized Pareto example. Empirical fits to the moment statistics (mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of skewness) of the log-texture for simulated data allow evaluation of the texture distributions for data-sample sizes ranging from 50 to 1,000 independent samples. Single-feature pairwise classification performance is evaluated, illustrating the improvement attainable through the use of additional data in estimating texture.


Investigations were made of the structure, thermal nonequilibrium of heat transfer, and hydrodynamics for film boiling of liquid nitrogen in horizontal tubes 19 and 35 mm in diameter. Data were obtained on regimes and boundaries of the regimes of the steam-liquid flow, and on the extent of the thermal nonequilibrium. The results of experiments on heat transfer and pressure drops for a model with a separate description of the phases were summarized.


Fluorescence labeled trisaccharide, Gal(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Xyl(β)–MU [MU = 4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl (4-methylumbelliferyl)], and tetrasaccharide, GlcA(β1-3)Gal(β1-3)Gal(β1-4)Xyl(β)–MU, corresponding to the linkage region between glycosaminoglycans and core proteins in proteoglycans were synthesized from Xyl–MU by stepwise enzymatic transglycosidation using β-galactosidase (Escherichia coli) and β-glucuronidase (bovine liver). Introduction of the second galactosyl residue at the 3′-position of Gal–Xyl–MU was achieved by minimal protection of the disaccharide intermediate whose reactive primary hydroxy function was selectively protected with an acetyl group by using lipase catalyzed transacetylation. Regioselective β-glucuronylation was effected by the high substrate specificity of the β-glucuronidase without any protection of the glycosyl acceptor.


Objective To compare the clinical effects of nickel titanium patellar concentrator and tension band in treatment of patellar fracture.Methods 107 patients with patellar fracture in orthopedie suryery were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.55cases(55knees)of the observation group were treated by nickel titanium patellar concentrator therapy and 52 cases(52knees)of the control group were treated by tension band therapy.The patients were followed up for 12~24 months and the effects were compared.Results The excellent and good rates of the observation group was 96.4%and the control group 71.2%,the observation group was better than the control group(P0.05),the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Nickel titanium patellar concentrator in treatment of patellar fracture has good effect,functional exercises can be trained early and it is an ideal method at present.


This assessment was done to evaluate the impact of the planned transfer of Decant No.2 from Sludge Batch 2 in Tank 40H on the potential for solids accumulation in the 242-25H evaporator. It is a nuclear criticality safety (NCS) goal to demonstrate that the evaporator vessel cannot accumulate fissile material in a quantity and configuration that provides a pathway to criticality.The mechanism for accumulation of fissile material is through formation of aluminosilicate solids.


Objective To understand the daily intake of retinol in meals of children, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating reasonable food for the development of children.Methods The height, body weight values and the dietary of the daily food among 3 to 6 years children in a kindergarten from September 2005 and September 2006 were caculated, and the growth situation of children was judged by the indexes of obesity and low body weight.The relationship of intake of retinol in recipes of daily life and development of children's skeleton were observed.Results The height of boys at the age of 3 to 6 years old were consistent with or higher the standard of the World Health Organization stipulated.The height and weight of children at the age of 3 to 6 years old were lower than standard.The intake of retinol in recipes of daily life was obviously low with the average RDA of 42.55%.Conclusion The intake of retinol in recipes showed to be low, which is one of the important reasons to affect the growth and development of children.Therefore, good balance of meals especially the sufficient intake of retinol should be the necessary invention measures and important strategies for the nutrition of children.


The composition of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of grain proteins from a set of 98 wheats from many countries (17 from Australia) and a set of 78 wheats (mainly Australian) and one rye cultivar. Such SDS gel electrophoresis was shown to be a useful back-up to gel electrophoresis of the gliadin fraction for identifying Australian wheats. Associations between the glutenin subunits revealed by numerical analysis were interpreted to indicate genetic relationships between them. Associations were much stronger amongst glutenins or amongst gliadins than between members of the two protein classes. The HMW glutenin-subunit compositions of the Australian wheats were more strongly related to grain hardness than to dough strength, but both these relationships were mainly based on pedigree associations. Compared to the HMW glutenins, the composition of the gliadins was more closely related to dough strength, and this relationship was largely independent of pedigree.


The present work was undertaken to study hormonal relationship between developing extraadrenal chromaffin tissue and both fetal and maternal adrenal cortex.Maternal adrenalectomy performed during early or mid-pregnancy caused a slight increase in the intensity of the chromaffin reaction of the full-term para-aortic body.Hydrocortisone substitution seemed to depress this effect.Maternal hypophysectomy performed in the late pregnancy caused complete disappearance of the chromaffin reaction of the extra-adrenal chromaffin cells of the full-term fetus.while fetal hypophysectomy failed to produce any significant changes.It is suggested that maternal adrenocorticotropic hormone affects the chromaffin cells of the fetus during its late developmental stage.


The article substantiates the necessity of mobilizing modernization in modern Russia. Highlights of the group of factors, which owe it was the realization of mobilization of the project. It is proved that the development in conditions of globalization requires the elaboration of a new model of modernization, based on a cultural-civilizational genotype of the Russian society.


This study aims to develop a Heutadigital learning model in Indonesian Web-based language learning. In this context, heutadigital is developed as an Indonesian web-based independent language learning model. The research method used is research and development with the Thiagarajan model which includes the following steps: Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination. However, this research stage has only reached the design stage. The results of the study explain that the Heutadigital learning model in web-based Indonesian learning has four activities: lecturer notes, activity, discussion forums and video conferences, and checkpoints and final tests. The learning materials include topics (1) Functions, Variety, and Position of Indonesian Language, topics (2) Indonesian Spelling and Diction, topics (3) Effective Sentences and Coherent Paragraphs, topics (4) Plagiarism, topics (5) Scientific Articles and Popular Scientific Essays, topics (6) Research Proposals, Citation Techniques, and Bibliography, and topics (7) Academic Communication.


Nutritional management of the child allergic to cow's milk proteins is more than essential. The dietary survey allows for the assessment of the whole diet and the nutritional monitoring is done with the collaboration of the dietician to explain the diet and give advice for food diversification. The diet of the child allergic to cow's milk proteins after milk consists of progressive food diversification. Milk substitutes offer a solution to this condition and there is no reason to delay the most allergenic foods. The composition of these substitutes varies in nitrogen, medium chain triglycerides, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA), Ca, iron.... Iron and zinc requirements are important in the second half of life and supplementation with iron, calcium, vitamin D, C and E is necessary to prevent rickets and malnutrition. Monitoring of weight and stature growth is very important because uncontrolled diets can influence the child's growth. Keyword: allergy, nutrition, dietetics, cow's milk protein, child


The contiguity of the divine, the human, and the object is routinely noted in scholarship on South Asia. In this article, I re-examine this model of contiguity by focusing on the vandalism of what I term a caste-iconic statue in 2008 in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, and track the effects of this incident in a village and on its caste groups until 2015. Beyond contiguity, I here offer a relational approach to studying space, caste, and statues.


THE INVENTION RELATES TO THE INTEGRATED OPTICAL. IT CONCERNS AN OPTICAL COMPONENT WITH INTEGRATED BODY 4 GLASS MONOLITHIC FORM IN WHICH IS AT LEAST ONE SYSTEM OR OPTICAL 6, CHARACTERIZED BY THE GLASS BODY IS PROVIDED ON AT LEAST ONE OF ITS FACES ON WHICH DEBOUCHE CIRCUIT AND OPTICAL ELEMENT OF A RECESS PROFILE 5 TO ENSURE THE FIBER OPTIC 7 POSITIONING IN cOINCIDENCE WITH SUCH CIRCUIT OR OPTICAL ELEMENT. USE ESPECIALLY IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS.


A 3‐dimensional Monte Carlo model for growth of hydrocarbon films on surfaces having dangling bonds is presented. The model is microscopic in the sense that it incorporates the stereoscopic orientations of the deposited hydrocarbons and macroscopic in that it considers shadowing effects and porosity. The parameters like surface roughness, porosity, H/C ratio and sp 2/sp 3 ratio are related to (a) steric repulsion, (b) probability for hydrogen abstraction, (c) sp 2/sp 3 configuration preference and (d) radical site densities. It is seen that the steric repulsion between the co‐deposited molecules is an important parameter in deciding the micro–porosity and surface roughness of the films. The surface roughness of the grown films appears to show a consistent scaling exponent when compared to the well known ballistic model for nonlinear evolution of interfaces. Initial results on porosity and structure of the grown films for square samples ranging from 7‐56 Å linear dimensions with periodic boundary conditions are presented. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The aim was to increase the number of reproductively viable and genetically modified embryos and adult farm animals accomplished by "sperm-mediated gene transfer" (SMGT). Currently, there are few advances in this area because of the low performance of the existing techniques and their excessive cost. Based on the positive results obtained by In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) of oocytes obtained from ovaries from abattoir, a protocol was developed that applies the SMGT technique through Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination (IAUL) with semen treated in synchronized and superovulated sheep. To this aim, 4 adult Friesian sheep were subjected to hormonal treatments to achieve multiovulatory oestrus on pre-designed dates. Of the four sheep, all inseminated by IAUL, one (control) was served with semen without treatment and three, with treated semen. Seven days later, one of the sheep inseminated with treated semen produced 9 eggs, three of them fertilized with different cell multiplication status. The three embryos expressed the plasmids incorporated by treated sperm in all their blastomeres. None of the unfertilized oocytes showed red or green fluorescence. Two plasmids were used; one which incorporates a gene that expresses red fluorescence (Cy3) and another that expresses green (GFP) fluorescence protein. Five months later, the four sheep gave birth to six lambs (two with sets of twins). The four ewes that where inseminated with treated spermatozoa gave birth to GM lambs that showed green fluorescence under UV light exposure. The two lambs of the control sheep were negative under the same illumination. It was concluded that spermatozoa, properly treated with both plasmids, were effective vectors for incorporating and integrating the transgene into the resulting genome of embryos and viable born individuals. This work was presented at the international joint conference of the European Embryo Transfer Association and the Brazilian Society of Embryo Technology in August-September 2016.


The present research tested whether people are upwardly dishonest during performance feedback to females. In Study 1, participants were asked to guess the gender of an employee based on the degree ...


Abstract Objectives As over 125 million women worldwide have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM), 170,000 of whom are estimated to live in the UK alone, obstetricians and gynaecologists need to be aware of the grades and consequences of this devastating condition. Women with type III FGM, even when they are unable to have penetrative intercourse, can conceive, and obstetricians should be aware of this to ensure optimal care of these patients. To determine the most appropriate surgical approach, deinfibulation in pregnancy should follow some basic principles which take into account the psychological needs of women as well as the extent of scarring. Cases We present two cases of women who had never engaged in penetrative intercourse and therefore presented with no knowledge that they were pregnant. They underwent antenatal deinfibulation and subsequent management based on individual request. Conclusions Management in pregnancy can pose particular problems and should be individualised. In all childbearing women with FGM, even where intercourse has not been possible, pregnancy should be considered. Clinicians should be aware of the types of FGM and management should be undertaken by a designated clinician with appropriate expertise. Pregnant women who have undergone FGM should be examined to identify the requirement for antenatal surgical correction. Chinese Abstract 摘要 目的 全世界1.25亿妇女经受了女性生殖器切割(FGM),经估计,其中有170000名妇女生活在英国,妇产科医生需意识到这种破坏性疾病的分级和带来的后果。FGM, 型的妇女即使不能进行插入式性交仍可受孕,妇产科医生应当了解这一情况以为此类患者提供最佳的治疗。为了确认最佳的手术方式,妊娠期的去锁阴术应当遵循一些基本原则,其中应考虑到女性的心理需要以及疤痕的范围。 病例 我们所报告的两例病例中的妇女没有进行过插入式性交,因此并未意识到自己已怀孕。基于两名妇女的个人需求,为她们实施了产前去锁阴术和术后管理. 结论 妊娠期管理可造成特定的问题并应当个体化。所有的育龄期FGM妇女,即使不能进行插入式性交,也应当考虑到怀孕的可能性。临床医生应当了解FGM的分型,也应由指定的具有专业知识的医师对FGM 进行处理。经受过FGM的妊娠妇女应接受检查以明确产前外科矫治的需要。 关键词 分娩;股间性交;去锁阴术;女性割礼;FGM;股性交;妊娠;手术终止妊娠


To assess, in a prospective study, the contemporary outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in Switzerland, by evaluating peri‐operative morbidity and changes in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).


Calculation methods of unsteady air change rates for natural ventilated buildings may be divided to several classes: Theoretical approach, wind tunnel experiments approach, field measurement approach and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) approach. This paper performs a review of different existing techniques to calculation methods of unsteady air change rates for natural ventilated buildings. Calculation methods of unsteady air change rate will be presented briefly. Then, the expectation of this research will be proposed in this paper.