OBJECTIVE
To determine the usefulness of three-dimensional imaging in addition to computed tomography in presurgical examination of patients with head and neck tumors.

DESIGN
Two-dimensional computed tomographic information from 31 patients with oral facial tumors was converted to three-dimensional images.

SETTING
University teaching hospital.

PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
A consecutive sample of 31 patients with oral facial tumors.

INTERVENTIONS
None.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Improved treatment planning with the use of three-dimensional images used in conjunction with computed tomographic scans.

RESULTS
The three-dimensional images from patients with minimal tumor invasion of bone or with massive soft-tissue tumors allowed easy appreciation of tumor dimensions, an important factor in treatment planning. In patients with small soft-tissue tumors with no evidence of bone involvement on two-dimensional scans, massive tumors with complete bone destruction, and recurrent tumors, the three-dimensional representations added little to the obvious presentation of the two-dimensional scans.

CONCLUSIONS
Three-dimensional imaging is a useful adjunct to diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with minimal tumor invasion of bone or with massive soft-tissue tumors.


The polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens in cows as related to milk productivity has been studied. The object of the studies was Bestuzhev breeding cows of different age, from the «CHISHMA» JSC, Republic of Bashkortostan. The analysis of data obtained show that with an increase of the number of antigen factors there was observed a tendency to milk yield increase. The highest frequency of allele A1 by the A-system in cows with the highest milk yields has been found. These cows were surpassing those of other groups in the occurrence frequency of the following alleles: by the B-system O1, G2; by the C-system C1; by the F-system Y; by the S-system H'. The analysis by the linear belonging of cows showed that the highest amount of antigens was contained in the erythrocytes of cows with higher yields. The least amount of antigens was found in cows belonging to the Mikhel FB-9 line and producing low milk yields. It is proved that the antigen erythrocyte factors, observed in the high productive Bestuzhev cows population under study, can be considered as markers of potentially high milk production.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Determining how the loss of CFTR function leads to cellular manifestations in CF is an ongoing challenge. Among these cellular manifestations are impaired endosomal transport, perinuclear cholesterol accumulation, and pro‐inflammatory signaling. CF epithelial cells and tissues exhibit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress independent of mutant CFTR folding marked by two‐fold increase in expression of GRP78. We have identified a novel signaling cascade linking ER stress to CF cellular manifestations through PI3‐kinase p110alpha (PI3KCA) modulation of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) activity. Activation of this pathway leads to deacetylated microtubules resulting in impaired endosomal movement, cholesterol accumulation, and pro‐inflammatory and pro‐proliferative signaling cascades. Efficacy of the ER stress reliever 4‐phenylbutyrate and the PIK3CA inhibitor PIK‐75 in reversing these CF related phenotypes is demonstrated. This study directly links ER stress to microtubule modifications that result in a number of disease related cellular phenotypes. Supported by NIH/NHLBI grant HL104358 and a grant from the CFF.


This article contains a discussion of correlation detection in which the coherent processing interval is limited by source/receiver accelerations and/or medium instabilities. A method is described, which, in effect, computes an n‐dimensional correlation function uniquely related to target trajectory. Groups of relatively short waveforms that are individually insensitive to source accelerations, etc., are, after coherent reception, combined via pattern‐recognition techniques. Curves are presented that give the processing gain of the method for various conditions. A numerical example is given for the sonar case.


Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium salmonella thypi. On treatment typhoid fever required an antibiotic. Expenditure the cost of an antibiotic can reachiod 50% of drug budget, ensure the effectiveness of the funds had not been in the treatment. This study aims to know the image of an antibiotic and prescribing pattern of maintenance costs on a patient typhoid fever to Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Gambaran Peresepan Antibiotik, Biaya, Efektifitas Terapi Pasien Demam Tifoid Rawat Inap RS Palang Biru Kutoarjo J. Sains Kes. 2022. Vol 4. No 2. p-ISSN: 2303-0267, e-ISSN: 2407-6082 177 be hospitalised in hospital Kutoarjo blue cross. This research designed with the methods cross sectional. Of the receipt of the respondent uses the technique purpose sampling method of the population that met the criteria of inclusion the same period January – December 2019. The data obtained analyzed by a statistical method later made table and served a sort of descriptive set. In this research only 124 sample. A kind of an antibiotic used on a patient typhoid fever to be hospitalised in hospital blue cross Kutoarjo namely cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, chloramphenicol, cefixime, amoxicillin, ampicillin dan cefadroxil. The use of antibiotics and most a cefotaxime (51.9%) and ceftriaxone (35.4%) with a total value of 2,737,851 and 2,737,851.


Radical innovation is known to differ drastically from incremental innovation, both in terms of process and outcome. This paper discusses how radical innovation can be recognised in a valid way. The presented logic is based on a longitudinal single case research. The research demonstrates that the link between an innovation project's ex ante potential for radical innovation and the radical nature of its actual end result(s) may be too absolute in extant theory. This paper provides at least two important contributions. First, it is explained how ex ante and ex post identification of radical innovation take place according to different criteria. Second, it is argued that one innovation can have an ex post incremental or radical level of innovativeness at the same time in different application industries in an economically viable way. In the latter case, an innovation's actual level of innovativeness is assessed by taking perspective and level of analysis into account.


Summary 1/1 "sensor and method for detecting" according to the invention, these objectives are achieved by means of a sensor suitable to detect 5 or more properties of one or more structures, the sensor comprising a first optical propagation path that is configurable to cooperate with a structure whose property should be detected; a second path optical propagation that is configurable to cooperate with a frame 10 whose properties are to be detected; a third optical path propagation; a means for amplifying a signal propagating in the third path for optical propagation, so that the signal is amplified before start propagating along the second path 15 of optical propagation, and a means to prevent the propagation of signals from the second optical propagation path to the third optical path propagation. It is further provided a corresponding method of detection.


The Independent Curriculum Review (DCSF 2008) recommends that languages become a statutory subject in the primary curriculum in 2011. As a result schools are introducing languages or enhancing their existing provision (Driscoll et al., 2004; Muijs et al, 2005; Edelenbos et al., 2006; Wade and Marshall, 2009). The predominant language taught is French (Cable et al., 2010) however some schools promote a language and intercultural awareness programme by selecting more than one language across Key Stage 2 rather than teaching one language for four years. Schools are also experimenting with innovative teaching methods and staffing models: one such method, which is gaining momentum in some schools, is integrating languages into other subject areas. This paper reports on a combined language, intercultural and healthy eating intervention. Healthy eating as languages is high on the government agenda. Healthy eating habits learnt in childhood can have a positive effect on attitudes to eating later in life and can help prevent a number of conditions and diseases (www.food.gov.uk). Teachers are developing a whole school approach to health both within planned lessons as well as in the wider curriculum activities.


Behavior Modeling is always a attentive task in the complex product modeling. It is difficult to monitor different kind of behavior of a product in the physical environment. In the RFLP (Requirement Functional Logical Physical) structure, behavior modeling is accomplished in Function and Logical level. There are several ways to monitor the behavior of a product. In this paper, author made an effort to monitor the behavior of a product system by proposing the Requirement, Function and Logical Block corresponds to RFLP structure and then monitor and improve the behavior of a product by using soft computing. In this context, Mamdani FIS (Fuzzy Inference System) and Adaptive Nuero FIS are used, which can evaluate the system behavior. Soft Computing, not only provide the solution of system behavior monitoring but also improve the performance of a system in terms of behavior such that product system are able to work efficiently.


While the pension insurance has been transited from that of an organizational commitment to part of the social security system, insufficient and deferred payment of premiums remains a problem. To eliminate the intangible liability of organizations to pension premiums and build a better pension insurance system, the author tends to suggest that part of the state-owned assets be converted into fund for social security and the pension fund management be further perfected.


Extreme environment or extreme case is an aggregate of circumstances which exceed the limits of the common and create serious difficulties for vital activities or render them impossible [12]. The key features of the extreme environment are the lack of alternatives, absolute maximum of tension, synergy in the cooperation of negative factors, etc. In this case, all antagonisms related to the 'tangible world' ('world of artefacts', i.e. material environment) become especially apparent. Moreover, the extreme conditions are a specific (and the most objective) filter which lets through only things irreproachable in the performance of their functions . Here is a typical example – a war where everything is absolutely functional: machinery, equipment and, of course, user behaviour. In everyday life, we can find a similar situation in the work of rescuers. Where technical characteristics are of decisive importance, where a man's life depends on computational accuracy – is there a place for the lyricism of the image provided by design? Do we really need a special 'design for extreme environment'? The answer (and, simultaneously, the basic prerequisite of the research) is affirmative: undoubtedly, we need it because it is exactly in extreme conditions that the image transforms from an aesthetical category (optional) into a functional one (mandatory).


Abstract This paper discusses video directory of West Sumatra in the form of video. This study aims to describe what nature tourism is in West Sumatra. Data was collected through an interview with one of the employees at the West Sumatra Province Tourism Office and direct observation to the natural tourist sites of West Sumatra. Analyzing data is done descriptively. Based on analyzing the data, the following conclusions are made: First, the initial steps in the process of making a directory in the form of a natural tourism video in West Sumatra through two stages, namely (1) needs analysis, (2) location survey, and (3) equipment. Second, the process of making videos through three stages, namely (1) preproduction, the initial stage before the implementation of video production. This stage is a very important stage because at this stage all the planning steps for video production are carried out. At this stage, searching and finding ideas, making synopsis, treatment (scenario), storyboard (a collection of sketches), shotting script (script), production planning, production preparation, (2) production is the stage of implementing all the processes that have been previously designed in preproduction stage, (3) postproduction, is the completion stage. This stage carries out the process of compiling and assembling each picture taken at the production stage. Third, the results and discussion of the video that has been made and edited through several stages that have been explained in the second step. Fourth, the product trial results, this product is put on social media, namely YouTube. From this social media, the public gives responses to videos that have been made and published. Keywords: natural tourism, directory, West Sumatra


The diffractive bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of a surface with one-dimensional roughness is derived from coherence theory using an expansion valid for large effective roughness. Expansion of the surface autocorrelation function in the limit leads to representative Cauchy and Gaussian BRDFs and an intermediate closed-form general solution, which is fit to specular-plane BRDF data from an aluminum satellite sample at the wavelengths 1.06 microns and 10.6 microns.


Abstract We consider the quotient space of an abelian surface by a finite subgroup of the automorphism group. We classify the analytic representation of the group and the branch divisor of the natural projection to the quotient space, where the quotient space is isomorphic to the product of the projective lines.


This article examines the ties between the work of Václav Havel and his dissident mentor Jan Patočka. Havel's political theory consists largely of an evocative, literary reformulation of a number of themes developed by Patočka, the student of Husserl and Heidegger generally recognized as the most significant Czech philosopher of the century. Insofar as Patočka's work continues to be ignored in the West, the intuitively appealing essays of Havel will themselves fail to be fully understood. This study offers an analysis of Havel's debt to Patočka, as well as an explication of the latter's political thought. With Patočka's phenomenological interpretation of ancient and contemporary thought, of Socrates and Heidegger, a bridge is built between the classical and the postmodern that seeks to ground ethics and politics without recourse to the foundationalism of metaphysical accounts of reality.


Students in many countries have problems learning mathematics. Many students do not like mathematics. It is also a problem for teachers. The question has to be answered: Why does math education cause so many problems? We have set up the Centre for Creative Learning of Mathematics at the University of Bialystok (Poland). It is a place where we try to create appropriate athmosphere and circumstances for students of all ages to become active discoverers of mathematics, not just passive recipients of knowledge from books or teachers. As a theoretical background we took ideas from Tamás Varga, Zofia Krygowska, the theory of constructivism, the strategy of functional mathematics teaching and problem-solving method. Lessons and workshops for students in our Centre are based on the combination of the following ideas: The participants solve practical or theoretical problems (problem solving method) and carry out concrete, representative and abstract activities (strategy of functional mathematics teaching by Z. Krygowska) which help them discover and formulate knowledge (constructivism). The whole process corresponds very well to some of T. Varga's important ideas or his conviction of the main objectives of mathematics teaching: Students explore the knowledge themselves and think independently. The subject of mathematics is transformed into a thought formulation process in which students turn from the role of passive recipients to the active knowledge creation. Classification: A80. Keywords: T. Varga, Z. Krygowska, constructivism, strategy of functional teaching of mathematics, problem solving method, creative learning


Purpose
This paper aims to explore articulations of how individuals internalise official demands on handling COVID-19 and the function of social media in this process, and further to discuss this from a human rights' perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
A thematic analysis of qualitative data from an international survey on COVID-19 and social media. The analysis was inspired by Berger and Luckmann's theory of reality as a social construction.

Findings
Articulations expressed an instant internalisation and externalisation of the officially defined "new normal". However, negotiations of this "new normal" were articulated, whereby everyday life activities could proceed. Resistance to the "new normal" appeared, as routines and common sense understandings of everyday life were threatened. Health-care professionals were put in a paradoxical situation, living in accordance with the "new normal" outside work and legitimately deviating from it at work. The "new normal" calls for individuals' "oughtonomy" rather than autonomy. Social media were used to push individual's re-socialisation into the "new normal". The latter both promoted and challenged human rights as the individual's right to self-determination extends beyond the self as it risks threatening other people's right to life.

Originality/value
With the means of a theoretically based thematic analysis inspired by Berger and Luckmann, the current study shows how articulations on COVID-19 and social media can both support and challenge human rights and reality as a facticity as dictated by dominant organisations and discourses in society.


As colostrum provides the initial substrate supply, of immunological compounds and antioxidants to the neonate, the aim of the present study was to determine the antioxidative/oxidative status of bovine colostrum and milk. Colostrum was collected from healthy dairy cows (n=15) immediately after parturition, 6, 18, 36 h and 7 days later. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) expressed as µmol/g protein was determined spectrophotometrically at 532 nm based on the reduction of tri-pyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ). The indirect analysis of the intensity of lipid peroxidation - LPI, (expressed as µmol/g protein), corresponding to oxidation of peroxides, was measured spectrophotometrically at 505 nm. The TAC values have gradually increased from the 6th hour to day 7 (36h vs. 0h and day 7 vs. 0h; p<0.01) and were maximal in mature milk (day 7) (day 7 vs. 36h; p<0.05) whereas LPI values slightly fluctuated within the same period reaching maximal values at 36h (36h vs. 0h, 6h, 18h; p<0.05). In parallel, the ratio TAC/LPI has progressively increased from 71.6 (0h) to 177.6 (day 7). No overall positive correlation between TAC and LPI values was evidenced during the studied period. These results demonstrate dynamic changes of antioxidant systems while LPI remained stable, providing efficient neutralization of radical oxygen species. .


Alice D. Ba University of Delaware firstname.lastname@example.com Macmillan. Tetlock, Philip E. 2005. Expert Political Judgment. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Tilly, Charles. 1984. Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Toulmin, Stephen. 1972. Human Understanding. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Wallace, William. 1996. "Truth and Power, Monks and Technocrats: Theory and Practice in International Relations." Review of International Studies 22:3 (July), 301–321. Wendt, Alexander. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univeristy Press. Wendt, Alexander and Daniel Friedheim. 1995. "Hierarchy Under Anarchy." International Organization 49:4 (Autumn), 689–721. Young, Oran R. 2010. Emergent Patterns in Intenational Environmental Governance. Cambridge: MIT Press.


user sample from which we car draw valid inferences. If you have used any of the languages mentioned in the survey, and if you have an opinion about it, you can contribute to a more extensive study. All you have to do is copy the Simutation Language Opinion Survey (don't you dare cut up your SIMULATION!), fill it out, and send it to Henry Kleine, System Development Corporation, 2500 Colorado Avenue, Santa Monica, California 90406. When enough time has elapsed to insure that most replies are in, a new set of data (and perhaps conclusions) will be published. I urge you to take a few minutes and participate ; novice programmer or expert, you have an opinion and we would like to hear it. And don't you, too, want to know how everyone else feels about language X?


Numerical instability of the AUSM scheme on two-dimensional structured triangular grids is investigated. By examining several test cases, it is found that both numerical flux formulations of the AUSM scheme (so-called the AUSM-M1 and AUSM-M2 schemes) do not have sufficiently robustness to satisfy the shock-induced anomaly so called the carbuncle phenomenon. The modified multidimensional dissipation technique is then proposed in order to heal such shock instability. The dissipation mechanism against perturbations is investigated by applying a linearized discrete analysis to the odd-even decoupling problem. The recursive equations show that the dissipation factor (δ) plays an important role in all perturbations of the AUSM-M1 scheme. But it does not have any effect on the density perturbation of the AUSM-M2 scheme. Finally, the scheme is further extended to achieve the second-order solution accuracy and evaluated theirs robustness against shock instability by solving several test cases.


A. BRAZIL'S INCREASING TRADE SURPLUS MAY NOT COMPENSATE FOR ITS DECLINING FDI The Ebb and Flow of FDI to Brazil It is well recognized how Brazil benefited from FDI flows during the early 1990's, and how such flows precipitously declined from 2001-2003. "FDI was a crucial source of financing for Brazil's balance of payments ... during the early [19]90s ... However, since 2001 ... [Brazil's] trade balance has improved sharply, helping produce actual current account surpluses in 2003 and 2004. This trend has enabled Brazil easily to weather the steep continuing decline of FDI from $22 billion in 2001 to $16.6 billion in 2002 and just $10.1 billion in 2003" (emphasis added). (886) Fortunately, Brazil's FDI decline abruptly reversed itself during the following year, as "[o]verall FDI in 2004 increased 70% to reach a total of $17 billion" and Brazil became "one of the top three locations for U.S. foreign direct investment", s87 In fact, the 2004 amount may actually have been as high as $18.17 billion! (888) But, if recent data is any indicator, this reversal may have been only temporary and the prior trend of FDI declines may have already resumed. On January 19, 2006, Brazil's central bank once again reported a sizeable drop in FDI to $15.19 billion. (889) This data, at a minimum, confirms that, "Brazil's ability to lure foreign direct investment has lagged other emerging market giants like China during the last several years". (890) It may even suggest that, in the face of increasing FDI competition, Brazil will likely have future difficulties securing FDI unless it makes certain structural changes. And, this challenge may persist notwithstanding recent United Nations prognostications to the contrary. "Brazil is expected to be the most attractive location in Latin America for FDI in 2005-2006 ... [and] the United States is expected to remain the leading source of FDI in Latin America and the Caribbean" (emphasis added). (891) While Brazil's current "surging trade surplus [might] allow [it] to reduce [somewhat] its dependence on foreign institutional financing," (892) and to consider International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Paris Club funding less critical to its maintenance of balance of payment and capital account surpluses, (893) it would be unwise, and perhaps even foolish, for Brazil to extend this newfound economic and political confidence, which may only be temporary (894 895), into the realm of FDI. (896) FDI is often facilitated by the participation of other international financial institutions such as the Word Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the U.S. Export-Import Bank, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation, and other foreign governmental export promotion vehicles that, like the IMF, may impose their own strict conditionalities on loan facilities. Brazil must remember that FDI "continues to surpass other private capital and official development assistance (ODA) to emerging and developing countries. As recently as 2004, it was reported that most resources, including funds earmarked for research and development (R&D), continued to flow in the form of FDI." (897) While Brazil may wish to '"self-insure' through large reserve holdings and a declining and less volatile stock of debt ... [by] ... lessen[ing] ... the need for external financial support", (898) it must still provide the necessary enabling environment (e.g., liberalized markets, private property rights and intellectual property fights protections) to attract and reassure multinational corporations. After all, MNCs (i.e., transnational corporations--TNCs), with or without government financial backing, remain the key providers of FDI. "Global R&D expenditure has grown rapidly over the past decade ... TNCs are key players in this process. A conservative estimate is that they account for close to half of global R&D expenditures, and at least two-thirds of business R&D expenditures . …


Designing a temperature and humidity sensor automation system using a prototype model is a step in building a smaller scope (lab scale) refers to real conditions where further implementation (original scale) is easier to implement if it is based on a prototype system because in addition to combining the conditions of the design also produced several versions of the series according to the lab scale to be used. Us ing an Arduino type wemos microcontroller as the center of the system arrangement with various types of tools as optimizing the temperature and humidity needed by lettuce varieties, including DHT sensors for data collection (collect data) and used as a benchmark in determining the condition of the tool. Testing two DHT sensors calibrated with a digital multimeter with certain conditions to find the smallest error value. Sensors that generate value to thorough's highest on a predetermined condition to be used in the stage of the study the growth of lettuce varieties. Every data collected by sensors (collect data) is processed and sent to a website to be displayed periodically (real time) with the provisions of the connected Wi-Fi network. Furthermore, testing on the growth of lettuce varieties used two growing media, with treatment (automation system) and without treatment. Using 8 plant samples each of the planting media there were 4 plants, for 14 days the optimal growth was searched between the two planting media by comparing based on graphs of growth of lettuce varieties both in terms of height increase and width of leaves per day.


Atherosclerosis (AS), a progressive disorder, is one of the tough challenges in the clinic. Scutellarin, an extract from Herba Erigerontis, is found to have oxygen‐free radicals scavenging effects and antioxidant effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti‐AS effects of scutellarin is related to controlling the Hippo–FOXO3A and PI3K/AKT signal pathway. To establish an AS model, the rats in the scutellarin and model groups were intraperitoneally injected with vitamin D 3 and then fed a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks. In addition, in vitro angiotensin II‐induced apoptosis of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were used to establish models. Scutellarin significantly reduced blood lipid levels and increased antioxidase levels in both models. Additionally, scutellarin inhibited reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis in HAECs. The impaired vascular barrier function was restored by using scutellarin in AS rats and in HAECs cells characterized by inhibiting mammalian sterile‐20‐like kinases 1 (Mst1) phosphorylation, Yes‐associated protein (YAP) phosphorylation, forkhead box O3A (FOXO3A) phosphorylation at serine 207, nuclear translocation of FOXO3A, and upregulating protein expression of AKT and FOXO3A phosphorylation at serine 253. Scutellarin significantly reduced Bcl‐2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim), caspase‐3, APO‐1, CD95 (Fas), and Bax: Bcl‐2‐associated X (Bax) levels and activated Bcl‐2: B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2). Scutellarin also significantly inhibited the expression of Mst1, YAP, FOXO3A at the messenger RNA level. When Mst1 was overexpressed or phosphoinositide 3‐kinases suppressed, the effects of scutellarin were significantly blocked. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that scutellarin exerts protective effects against AS by inhibiting endothelial cell injury and apoptosis by regulating the Hippo–FOXO3A and PI3K/AKT signal pathways.


Abrahamyan et al 1 have provided a valuable summary of innovative methods that may be applied in the design of clinical trials for small populations such as those suffering from rare disorders. In that context they point out the many limitations encountered in relying upon traditional randomized trial designs, both with respect to the challenges in providing power to assess small treatment effects, and the consequent dilemma for payers in determining economic and/or social value from outcomes measure d in such studies.


Is there a need to define "economic education"? The authors report on a Delphi-like procedure in which several hundred economic educators, social scientists, economists, etc. answered a succession of questionnaires narrowing down to one goal of economic education which was supported by a majority of participants. Professors Horton and Weidenaar believe that more effective and more efficient economic education will result from a better clarification, organization and definition of what our goal is. They hope that the readers' thoughtful exploration of what this goal should be will contribute to meaningful applications in the development of curricula, courses, and textbooks.


The documented 60% productivity gap between maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and hybrids is primarily due to the exploitation of additive genetic variation since the percentage rate of yield improvement over eras has been similar for inbred lines and hybrids. The objective of this paper is to present scientific evidence that maize improvement in the future should place emphasis on inbred line productivity per se combined with stability, to effectively exploit the additive genetic variation. Because the improved productivity of inbred lines is readily transmittable to their hybrids, selection for combining ability call be realized at a secondary stage, only after inbred lines have been intensely improved for productivity and stability. A joint study of the genetic basis of hybrid vigor, inbred vigor, and response to selection is presented by capitalizing on the concepts of gene integration and gene dichotomization. In this paper, the nonadditive allelic action is perceived as the result of gene dichotomization and the additive allelic action as the result of gene integration. Upon fixation, nonadditive alleles yield degeneration, whereas additive alleles produce inbred vigor and, by extension, response to selection. Non-additive alleles can be converted into additive alleles through intragenic recombination. The bridging of the productivity gap between inbreds and hybrids requires continuous selection for inbred line performance per se at ultra-low plant densities for (1) high yield per plant, (2) stability of performance, and (3) ability to exploit added inputs, across the target area of adaptation. A further requirement is to treat maize as an inbreeding species by applying massive controlled selfing and honeycomb selection that exploits the advantages of gene and genome integration, Selection schemes capable of increasing inbred line productivity are explained in detail in the paper. The new approach for improving the productivity of inbred lines per se and closing in the productivity gap between maize hybrids and inbreds may lead to higher gains and reduced cost per unit of yield gain.


This article has introduced the characteristics of Li/SOCl_2 battery for high temperature used in drilling equipment,analyzed bad instance of battery working based speciality of Li/SOCl_2 battery and condition of apparatus working.It also has discussed influence of delay and safety of Li/SOCl_2 battery and the way and the condition for the scientific use of Li/SOCl_2 battery for high temperature in drilling equipment.


Abstract Despite the widespread applications of various rhodamine and fluorescein 5- and 6-carboxy derivatives, the preparation of their pure regioisomers, in particular cases, remains a complex task. In the present paper we propose optimized approaches to the synthesis and separation of these isomers of ROX and JOE dyes, and also demonstrate their applicability in the synthesis of the corresponding N-(3-azidopropyl)amides.


Multilevel inverters have drawn wide interest in the field of high-power applications. Regardless of the attention paid to inverters, the overvoltage phenomenon, which is well known in two-level inverters, has not been investigated thoroughly in multilevel applications. The oscillating overvoltages occur after high du/dt voltage edges if the propagation delay of the motor cable is long compared to the voltage rise time. These oscillating voltages at the motor terminals cause, for example, partial discharges in the stator windings and deteriorate them. A multilevel modulation method that suppresses the oscillations is introduced in this study. The method is based on the timing of two consecutive voltage edges, so that the oscillations caused by the edges counteract each other. This counteraction mitigates the resulting oscillating voltage. The principles of the method are given in detail for a wide scale of multilevel inverter levels. The method is implementable to almost any multilevel inverter topology. Measurements with a 100 kVA, 3 kV series-connected H-Bridge inverter confirm the method.


This study deals with key determinants of participation in the nonformal education (NFE) of adults in the Czech Republic (CZE). Our results are based on a secondary analysis of two Adult Education Surveys carried out in the CZE in 2011 (n = 10,190) and 2016 (n = 12,272). Determinants of participation are modelled through logistic regression and decision tree algorithm. The results show that the recent trend of participation in NFE has significantly increased to nearly 40% of adults. In this regard, we argue that this increase is an outcome of the higher investments of employers into NFE in the past 5 years, which has led to a higher proportion of low-skilled workers included in job-related training. Nevertheless, this does not mean that inequality in Czech NFE is decreasing, as the main predictors of participation in NFE remain the same: (a) current employment status, (b) active attitude to learning opportunities, and (c) educational attainment.


Introduction: Hydrotherapy is a warm water therapy used in relieving pain such as muscle pain, back pain and inflammation associated with the arthritis pain. In arthritic condition hydrotherapy helps to improving blood circulation. It is commonly used for treating muscle injuries and stroke and brain injuries.
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of mechanical hydrotherapy on pain management among patients with arthritis pain.
Materials and Methods: In this study a quantitative research approach with an experimental pre-test post-test research design was used for the present study. Purposive sampling was the sampling method used to collect data from arthritis patients on the basis of standardized numerical pain rating scale (NPRS). The sample size was 70, for experimental group 35 samples and control group was 35 samples. For experimental group the mechanical hydrotherapy was given along with prescribed medicines and for control group only prescribed medicine was monitored.
Results: The majority of participants were male 41 (58.57%) and female 29 (41.43%) as compared to male. In experimental group male were 22 (62.85%) and female were 13 (37.15%) and in control group male were19 (54.28%) and female were 16 (45.72%). Before intervention on day-1 pre assessment pain   mean value was 7.51 and standard deviation was 1.46 in experimental group and In control group mean value was 7.91 and standard deviation was 1.12. On day-7 post assessment pain the outcome of an experimental group after mechanical hydrotherapy with reducing pain, mean value was1.80 and standard deviation was 1.07 and in control group mean value was 7.97 and 1.27. Statistically significant improvement seen in the level of pain regarding effectiveness of mechanical hydrotherapy on pain management among patients with arthritis pain.
Conclusion: Hence it is statistically clear that, the mechanical hydrotherapy to arthritis patients is helpful in managing the pain effectively.


Undulatory underwater swimming (UUS) is performed for up to 15 m of each lap in a swimming race, and is important for overall performance. This undulatory motion has two phases- the upkick (knee flexion and hip extension) and the downkick (the converse). This study assessed kinematic differences between the two phases, and determined whether these differences were related to performance in an elite sample. Each of the ten participants performed three 20 m UUS trials, and seven landmarks were manually digitised from the single camera view perpendicular to swimming direction. Differences between phases were found for vertical toe velocity, body wave velocity, hip and knee angular velocities and phase duration (p < 0.05), with differences in mean hip angular velocity and phase duration (p < 0.05) being strongly related to UUS performance.


This paper examines empirically the relationship among the stability of security and portfolio betas and (1) the length of the sample period used to calculate betas, (2) beta adjustment techniques, and (3) beta magnitudes. Beta values are forecast using four models: (1) a naive model which assumes the beta value in period t + 1 is the same as in period t, (2) Blume's regression model, (3) a regression model used by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith, and (4) a Bayesian procedure suggested by Vasicek.


This study focuses on the indoor air quality (IAQ) in a higher educational building, the London College in the UK. In this regard, indoor CO2 levels, as well as three contaminants with detrimental effects on human health: NO2, PM2.5, and SARS-CoV-2, are investigated. Various IAQ enhancement strategies are analyzed, including increased ventilation, background ventilation, improved airflow through opened doors, and the use of HEPA air cleaners. Results revealed that background ventilation and open doors during occupied periods reduced CO2 concentrations to around 1000 ppm. However, the effectiveness of background ventilation was influenced by outdoor conditions, such as wind speed and direction. The most effective method for reducing PM2.5 levels was installing an air cleaner alongside a commercial kitchen hood, resulting in a 15% greater reduction compared to background ventilation. To control the SARS-CoV-2 level, combining background ventilation or opening the doors with a 16,000 m3/h ventilation rate or using an air cleaner with baseline ventilation resulted in a basic reproductive number below 1. Overall, the research highlights the importance of background ventilation and open doors in enclosed spaces without operable windows for natural airflow. Additionally, the effectiveness of air purifiers in reducing particle and biological contaminant concentrations is demonstrated, providing valuable insights for improving IAQ in educational buildings.


Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is characterized by micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction. Often associated with cleft palate, PRS is usually an isolated finding but is associated with a syndrome one-third of the time. The micrognathia and glossoptosis lead to airway obstruction, respiratory compromise, and feeding difficulties. Severe cases and prolonged and repeated airway obstruction and respiratory distress can lead to failure to thrive, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrest, and death. Treatment options for the management of airway obstruction in PRS depends on the degree of obstruction and any associated comorbidities and range from noninvasive respiratory support to surgical correction of the physical defect. Patients with PRS should be considered as challenging to ventilate and intubate, and the practitioner should be well prepared for the possibility of difficulty with airway management. Anesthetic management is tailored to minimize postoperative upper airway obstruction and avoid disruption of the integrity of the surgical repair.


As the world slowly recovers from COVID-19 and borders gradually begin to open, changes are also expected in tourism trends. The aim of the research was to determine to what extent gastronomy as a tourism product will contribute to the development of rural tourism in some future period. By researching the quality of gastronomic products in rural households, and the expectations of the hosts, it was concluded that all predictors can significantly predict the future development of rural tourism through a stronger presentation of gastronomic products in Serbia. The sample included 225 respondents. A model of higher order factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used, with the introduction of a mediator variable. The importance of research is reflected in encouraging the development of rural tourism products, with implications for the overall economic and social environment.


The licensing negotiations on terms and price of the Essential Patent are always after the standard have set.In 2007,VITA chose the Ex Ante Disclosure as the Principle of its new Patent Policy,which required VITA members to declare license terms when they declared their patents that may.become essential to the technology standard.Although the U.S.Department of Justice announced that this Principle is not against the action under the antitrust laws,it is still in disputed worldwide.The paper does research on the advantages and disadvantages of Ex Ante RAND Principle and discusses a modified model that required not the SSOs' members but the SSOs should give a total licensing royalty rate before the standard had set.


Abstract: Numerical modeling was used as a means to examine the relationship between the outcome of in vivo voltammetry and microdialysis experiments and dopamine concentrations in the extracellular fluid of rat striatum. In the case of microdialysis, quantitative interpretation of results demands knowledge of the in vivo values for the extraction and recovery ratios of the probes toward dopamine. Equality of the extraction and recovery ratios is a necessary condition for the direct application of the no‐net‐flux method as a quantitative technique. Recent results have suggested that the extraction and recovery ratios are not equal, and this interpretation is now supported by theory. A new relationship between extraction and recovery is proposed.


eptember 11, 2001 was the watershed moment in the transition from the 20th to the 21st centuries. The transition between eras seldom tracks calendar dates with precision, but instead is marked by dramatic events. The bombing of the twin towers in New York, coupled with the parallel attack on the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, was precisely this kind of landmark in social consciousness. Whatever the formal "threat levels" posted in public may be, the post9/11 era is one of heightened conscious-


Twenty-six cases of pituitary infantilism followed past the age of puberty were analyzed with regard to etiology, sex incidence, time of onset of growth retardation, and frequency of impairment of target-gland function, in an attempt to ascertain whether the diagnosis of pituitaiy insufficiency could have been established before the time of expected sexual maturation. Seven patients had neoplasms in the region of the sella turcica, whereas 19 had idiopathic pituitary insufficiency. There were 5 females and 2 males among the subjects with tumors, but only 1 female among the 19 patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism. The time at which growth retardation became manifest varied but tended to be after the age of 3, and showed itself earlier in the idiopathic cases than in the tumor cases. Studies of target-gland function indicated, apart from growth hormone and gonadotropin deficiency, impairment of thyroid and/or adrenocortical activity in 75 per cent of the cases as judged by serum cholesterol and protein-...


Post-school outcomes of students with disabilities continue to differ significantly from those of their peers without disabilities, in spite of federal special education regulations to address transition issues in IEPs. Transition-related research has identified practices associated with improving post-school outcomes. Yet, implementation of such practices and compliance with federal regulations remains somewhat sporadic. To improve implementation, we suggest strategies for improving transition-related teacher competencies through special education teacher education programs. This paper describes (a) approaches for including transition-related content; (b) transition-related teacher competencies; (c) components of teacher education curricula for targeting competency development; and (d) specific readings, class activities, and assignments for infusing transition-related content. Suggestions for future research are also offered.


Abstract : Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects the human gastric mucosa. It is well established as a primary factor in peptic ulcer disease and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Surveys consistently show that one half of the world s population carry H. pylori. H. pylori associated peptic ulcer disease afflicts approximately 10% of the U.S. population at some point during their lives. Once established, most infections last for decades and rarely resolve spontaneously. In this descriptive study gastric fluid was collected from 60 asymptomatic patients about to undergo general anesthesia. Gastric fluid was obtained and cultured to determine the presence of H. pylori. Ten percent cultured positive for the presence of H. pylori. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that culturing gastric juice for H. pylori is a simple, sensitive, and specific method to establish its presence and that nasogastric aspirates and tubes should be considered as potentially infectious. The observed 10% positivity for H. pylori within a group of 60 randomly selected military beneficiaries provides insight into the U.S. military population. The prevalence of H. pylori amongst military members is particularly interesting. The highly mobile nature and frequent travel puts the American soldier at increased risk for acquisition of this infection. Nurse practitioners are especially well suited to provide early diagnosis and treatment of infections such as H. pylori while implementing health maintenance and promotion efforts in order to decrease susceptibility. This novel approach to obtaining cultures for H. pylori is a cost effective and practical alternative for establishing the presence of this infection.


60 INTRODUCTION Dermatophytosis (ringworm) is an important, but relatively unusual cause of skin disease in the dog. Despite exposure to dermatophytic fungi in the environment and from in-contact animals, natural skin defences are often sufficient to withstand infection unless there is a large inoculum of infective spores, concurrent disease or immunosuppression (Scott et al., 2001). From our knowledge of human and feline dermatophytosis, genetic influences may play a part in ringworm susceptibility. Jack Russell and Yorkshire Terriers may be predisposed (Sparkes et al., 1993) although a more recent case series of Yorkshire Terriers showed all the affected dogs to have serious concurrent disease (Cerundolo, 2004). The clinical presentations in dermatophytosis are variable and as a result dermatophytosis should be considered in a wide variety of circumstances.


I was like a child, constantly wondering, and surprised at nothing.George MacDonald, Lilith 17I am deUghted at the responses to my article on (un)surprises in Lewis Carroll's AZfce-books and would like to thank Jennifer Geer, JeanJacques Lecercle, and Michael Mendelson for entering into a critical debate with me.The three responses all seem to, at least partly, look at the topic from a psychological perspective. Jennifer Geer regards AUce's attitude as reactions to the famiUar, and the unfamiliar, respectively; Jean-Jacques Lecercle assumes that AUce's being surprised or unsurprised goes back to schizophrenia (281); and Michael Mendelson sees the Alicebooks as stories of developmental growth (cf. 298). I only agree with some of these readings and would like to emphasize the concept(s) of play that underUe the structure of the Alice-books.In the books, AUce enters worlds of play: games are being played throughout - among the most obvious examples in Wonderland are the Caucus Race (ch. 3), the game of Croquet (ch. 8) and the appearance of playing-cards all the way through the concluding chapters; Through the Looking-Glass is even based on a game of chess. Within these game worlds, psychology and psychological reactions are deliberately being played with. Alice's reactions are therefore not to be read as mimetic instances; rather, they are psychological elements which are deflated by their transformation into various play moves. The attempt to read the Alice-books as a kind of Bildungsroman which derives its raison d'etre from the psychological development of its protagonist is therefore inappropriate: play in these narratives is not an element of psychology, but psychology becomes an element of play. The child's psychology becomes relevant in so far as play is one of the most important activities of children.The overall playful mode influences and affects Alice's reactions, her surprises, and her 'unsurprises/ The first instance of surprise occurs, however, even before the issue of Alice's reactions arises, namely in the difference between the framing poems and the tales of Alice's adventures within the worlds she enters: expectations as to (sentimental or psychological) readings are being subverted, and the text itself points this out from the very beginning.The Framing PoemsJennifer Geer writes that the "frames soften the adventures' surprises by employing images and poetic conventions that would have been familiar to Carroll's nineteenth-century readers" (268). I couldn't agree with her more in stating that Carroll draws on a literary tradition in the framing poems of the AZice-books. Not only does he refer to the topos of idealised memories of the "golden afternoon" (WL 3),1 but the overall nostalgic tone and even the rhyme scheme are reminiscent of a particular type of poetry which was fashionable in the nineteenth century.2It is precisely in this that the framing poems are so very different from the tales proper. Whereas in the poems the speaker expresses longing and nostalgia, the tone in the tales is sometimes threatening and bewildering, sometimes playful and funny but it is never nostalgic.3 This difference in tone leads to some tension between the framing poems and the actual tales, as the frame sets up certain expectations regarding the story that is to follow, which are then upset.Let me Ulustrate this point with a specific example. In the fourth stanza of the poem introducing WL, the speaker writes: "The dream child moving through a land/ [. . .] In friendly chat with bird or beast" (21-23).4 Yet, Alice hardly ever finds herself "in friendly chat" with any of the creatures she meets in the course of her wanderings. Her conversations with them are irritating and confusing but rarely friendly - the only exceptions being her encounter with the White Knight in LG, who bears features of CarroU himself (cf. Gardner 247n2), and her meeting with the Fawn in the wood where things have no names (and then only because the Fawn does not recognize her as a potentially threatening "human child"). …


Llmlt anul~:si~ of prismatic torsion bars was the earliest attempt to apply plasticity theory to I continuum. The slmpllcity of the problem made it feasible to use the two-dimensional Prandtl stress function. detincd for the elastic torsion problems. for the plastic stress distributions as well. The gradient of the stress functions for plastic torsion has a constant magnitude. and hence a function of this type assumes the protile of a sand hill. This sand hill analogy of Nadai (1950. T/w Lowry or F/w tr!rrl Frtrcrurc o/'.Witls. McGraw-Hill. U.K.) gave a visual sense of possible nonsmoothness of such stress functions and thus discontinuous stress fields. Many stress functions of plastic torsion fw relatively simple cross-sections have been constructed graphically. However. collupse modes in terms of warping functions were much less reported. In this paper. we shall cstrrbhsh ;I duahty thcorcm which rekltes the correct stress function to the correct warping function. thus prwiding the means to obtain complctc static and kinematic solutions. This dual variational prmccplc Icads nalurally IO a general numerical algorithm which puarantecs convcqgce and accuracy. In this paper. WC' shall only prcscnl three exact solutions to verify the theorem. to dcmcwstrahz ~hc poss~hlc non-smooth fcxture of the solutions and to rcitcrate this clli'ctive Ju;II vari;~ricw;ll ;Ipprwch to llmlt analyriu in &!cncral.


1. Evidence suggests that developing and maintaining an effective immune system may be costly and that an organism has to make a trade-off between immune function and other fitness-enhancing traits. To test for a trade-off between growth and immune function we carried out a meta-analysis of data from lines of poultry that had been divergently selected for either growth (body mass) or an aspect of immune function. This is relevant to our understanding of the evolution of immune function, but also because the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and calls to restrict the use of antibiotics in the agricultural industry has made immune function of livestock an important theme. Has the selection of animals for rapid growth unintentionally resulted in reduced immune function? 2. The lines selected for increased growth all showed a strong and significant decrease in immune function (standard difference in means = 0·8; P < 0·001). No difference was found between the effects on cellular or humoral immunity, although there were few data on cellular immunity, and hence this deserves more study. However, in the lines selected for immune function the effect on growth was heterogeneous and overall it was close to zero. 3. Testing for publication bias revealed that the effect of selection for body mass on immune function was robust. However, there was considerable heterogeneity in both body mass and immune function data. The heterogeneity in the growth-selected lines cannot be accounted for by gender or species: the only turkey line had an effect size between that of the two chicken lines. 4. In conclusion, we found that selection for growth does indeed compromise immune function, but selection for immune function did not consistently affect growth. This is in agreement with the supposition that the costs of growth are large relative to the costs of immune function, and on a practical level this suggests that it may be possible to breed animals for increased growth without loss of immune function.


There has been a great deal of debate over the value of certifications. Some argue that they have little value, because most don't demonstrate real world skills. Others argue that they have great value, because they are an independent measure of knowledge. I believe that the truth lies somewhere in between those two extremes. Frequently, when people ask for my point of view regarding certifications, I compare them to a college education. I ask, " How do you get a college degree? " Most people say something along the lines of: read, study and take exams. Then, I ask, " How do you earn a certification? " Then, they start smiling. I have always viewed the certification exams like college final exams. This comparison is valuable, as long as you keep it in perspective. Also, there are advantages to one versus the other that would benefit from a detailed examination. I've prepared a chart (see Chart 1), which contrasts these two methods of acquiring and demonstrating knowledge.


A backlight module (1) and a display apparatus. The backlight module (1) comprises a first light guide plate (21) and a second light guide plate (22) which are stacked, and comprises a first light source (11) disposed opposite to the first light guide plate (21), and a second light source (12) disposed opposite to the second light guide plate (22). The first light source (11) and the second light source (12) are located on two opposite sides of the two light guide plates (21, 22). A microgroove structure (30) is disposed on either of upper surfaces of the first light guide plate (21) and the second light guide plate (22) or either of lower surfaces of the first light guide plate (21) and the second light guide plate (22), and as a distance between the microgroove structure (30) on each light guide plate (21, 22) and the light source (11, 12) opposite to the light guide plate (21, 22) increases, a height of the microgroove structure (30) increases. Therefore, a user can have three-dimensional feeling on a seen image without requiring optical gratings, thereby improving the display brightness.


The present survey was carried out to determine the culture character and berry quality by applying field investigation coupled with lab analysis to assay 7 various wild species of V.quinquangularis Rehd and five hybrids of V.vinifera V.quinquangularis: 196,296,B2,741,213.The results showed that among the tested varieties,main phenological phases of hybrids were earlier than the wild species of V.quinquangularis Rehd,furthermore the berry quality of hybrids was superior to that of the species of V.quinquangularis Rehd.In terms of the Anthracnose disease resistance,the hybrids of V.quinquangularis Rehd V.vinifera was highly resistible to it,while the wild species of V.quinquangularis Rehd was immune to it.


For some time, there has been reason for imagining that we live in neo-Victorian times. We are awash in restless evangelicals, profligate of stern and apocalyptic advice. We have had praying leaders who imagine that foreigners, usually with beards, require reform and invasion. Celts threaten secession and the Union is extolled. There is much talk of families, education, and the anxieties of class. Our novels grow long and vexed, and even have plots. Historians seek the common reader and write meandering narratives, full of metaphor, which may be purchased at railway stations.


The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a pre-impregnated fibrous material comprising a fibrous material into continuous fibers and at least one thermoplastic polymer matrix, characterized in that said pre-impregnated fibrous material is made of a single unidirectional tape or a plurality of parallel unidirectional tapes and in that said method comprises an impregnation step, in particular to heart and homogeneous, said fibrous material being in the form of a wick or a plurality of parallel strands by said at least one thermoplastic polymer matrix in the form of powder, said impregnating step being carried out dry in a tank and controlling the rate of said at least one thermoplastic matrix polymer in said fibrous material being effected by controlling the residence time of said fibrous material in the powder, to the exclusion of any electrostatic charge voluntary.


Since the work of Postma (1955) and Backus (1962), much is known about elastic constants in vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) media when the anisotropy is due to ne layering of isotropic elastic materials. I review earlier work and then show that the P-wave anisotropy parameter c 11 =c 33 lies in the range 1 4 c 11 =c 33 h + 2i h1=(+ 2)i, when the layers are themselves composed of isotropic elastic materials with Lam e constants and and the vertical average of the layers is symbolized by hi. The upper bound is true for all nely layered media of this type, while the lower bound is the best possible for ne layering with two constituents. This lower bound corrects an error in Postma's (1955) paper on two-component VTI media. The method used here shows in general terms that the P-wave anisotropy parameter is smallest when the variation in the layer Lam e parameter is large, independent of the variation in the shear modulus. This result is therefore important for applications to porous layers where the eeects of uids innuence only the Lam e constants, not. Thus, the P-wave anisotropy parameter may be a useful hydrocarbon indicator in some situations.


Today´s world is in an environment of globalization where command of the English language is essential to develop activities that require working relationships with English-speaking professionals. That is why the preparation of professionals who speak the English language is increasingly necessary. At present, universities have consolidated institutional strategies so that students have an English program that allows them to obtain linguistic abilities in listening, speaking, reading and writting. The objective of this work is to analize English teaching strategies in the university environment. In this way, the Institucional Language Program of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo was analized as a strategy for teaching the English language in university students. In the results found, it is observed that the implementation of this program allows graduates to obtain level B1.


Abstract We measured resting routine oxygen consumption rates (MO2, in mg O2 · h−1 · kg−0.67) of bat rays (Myliobatis californica) under two seawater (33, 35 ppt) and two brackish (15, 25 ppt) salinity conditions. A significant increase in MO2 was observed for rays in 15 and 25 ppt brackish water, compared with those in 33 or 35 ppt, presumably due to increased osmoregulatory costs. Our results suggest that energetic factors associated with seasonal decreases in salinity may influence the out-migration of bat rays from Tomales Bay (California) during the winter months.


This paper presents an accurate and easy-to-implement algorithm for estimating the parameters of the asymmetric Gaussian chirplet model (AGCM) used for modeling echoes measured in ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT) of materials. The proposed algorithm is a combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithms. PSO does not need an accurate initial guess and quickly converges to a reasonable output while LM needs a good initial guess in order to provide an accurate output. In the combined algorithm, PSO is run first to provide a rough estimate of the output and this result is consequently inputted to the LM algorithm for more accurate estimation of parameters. To apply the algorithm to signals with multiple echoes, the space alternating generalized expectation maximization (SAGE) is used. The proposed combined algorithm is robust and accurate. To examine the performance of the proposed algorithm, it is applied to a number of simulated echoes having various signal to noise ratios. The combined algorithm is also applied to a number of experimental ultrasonic signals. The results corroborate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed combined algorithm.


Repeated exposure to acute occupational stressors and violence poses significant mental and physical risks to workers. However, current methods for assessing the impact of these stressors, such as subjective self-reports and single-modal wearable technologies, do not capture continuous physiological and psychological responses to workplace stressors. To address this issue, we developed a multi-modal wearable armband that can non-invasively monitor physiological signals without interfering with work requirements. The armband can continuously record electrocardiogram, photoplethysmography, activity levels, and pulse transit time (PTT) - a biomarker of cuffless blood pressure. We conducted a study with sixteen nurses working 12-hour shifts at Intensive Care Unit, where they reported incidents of violence while wearing the armband for seven consecutive days. We analyzed the ratio of low- and high-frequency components of inter-beat-intervals of heart beats (LF/HF ratio) and PTT for one hour before and after the incidents to capture physiological responses and recovery patterns. Our results showed that the LF/HF ratio increased after the incident occurrence and reached baseline within 30 minutes, while the PTT decreased and persisted for more than an hour. This finding suggests that PTT can be a reliable biomarker for stress recovery. Continuous PTT measurement can be used to optimize individual and team performances based on recovery patterns in demanding work environments. In summary, our study highlights the importance of continuous physiological monitoring in assessing the impact of workplace stressors and provides a new method for measuring stress recovery using PTT.


With economic development,the contradiction between rapidly increasing water demand and limited water supply becomes serious.Furthermore,the quantity of water decreased due to climate change and different types of water pollution.Water transfer is an alternative to address the secondary allocation of water resources,which could improve the water use efficiency.However,it also resulted in a series of problems.From the perspective of multi-agent cooperation,this paper presents a new mode in water transfer called the Polycentric-Cooperative mode(PC mode).This mode is based on the multi-cooperation theory which reconstructs the relationships among the government,market,and the public.The PC mode obviates direct conflicts between the supplier and the demander by enhancing their initiatives and improving their profits.Specifically,this paper investigates the interest relationship in water transfer and the Nash equilibrium of this game.The PC mode was built,with a safeguard mechanism being constructed,i.e.,the multi-contracting mechanism of water transfer consisting of a set of contracting.The multi-contracting mechanism contains the apportioning costs contracting,the profits sharing contracting,the information exchange contracting,and the supervision and punishment contracting.The contracting not only offers a constraint on the agents'behavior,but also prompts the agents to develop their cognitive skills of water resources management.The PC mode was applied to water transfer in the Hami area located in Western China.The city covers 14.30 million square meters and the annual rainfall is less than 40 mm.Water resources are very rare over there.The per capita occupancy volume is no more than 1500 cubic meters.In order to acquire detailed knowledge of the Hami region,relevant data and information of water management and transfer were collected.Results indicate that the PC mode appears to be able to reduce the transaction cost and encourage people to establish cooperative relationships during the process of water transfer.There are two improvements in the new mode:one is enhancing the profits;the other one is improving and developing the interest relations.Based on the case of Hami,this mode can reduce deficiencies involved in traditional modes,generally increasing all agents'profits and reducing the transaction costs of water transfer.


Abstract Calcium treatment is a well established method to transform oxide and sulphide inclusions in steel to less harmful inclusions which can have beneficial effects on properties. Transformation of solid alumina clusters to liquid calcium aluminates by calcium is a much used technique to avoid nozzle blocking in continuous casting of aluminium deoxidised steels. Calcium treatment is also a key method to improve machinability, which can be further improved by increased sulphur content. Resulphurised steels, however, tend to have casting problems due to deficient modification of oxides or formation of solid CaS inclusions which also have a tendency to clog the nozzle. In this study, the formation and transformation of liquid and solid inclusions containing oxidic and sulphidic components were examined by thermodynamic calculations. A quasichemical slag model was applied to calculate equilibrium oxide and sulphide inclusions in steel. Calculations were carried out over a wide temperature range to study the formation of species in the melt corresponding to ladle treatment conditions as well as casting. To examine inclusion behaviour during casting and solidification, the interdendritic solidification model, IDS, was coupled with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. The results show the conditions in which liquid inclusions can be formed with calcium treatment. The calculations were performed at different temperatures and varying calcium, aluminium and sulphur contents. The effect of total oxygen content was also studied. The main components in liquid calcium aluminates were CaO and Al2O3 plus some SiO2 and CaS. The stability relations of different compounds alter as a function of temperature. An abrupt change occurs during solidification when the partition of the inclusion forming elements between the liquid and solid iron phases are taken into account.


Progressive tax and transfer schedules serve a redistributive role by transferring from high-income to low-income individuals, but they also serve an insurance role by transferring from the highincome years to the low-income years within each person's lifespan. This paper examines how the design of the tax and transfer system provides insurance against income risks by studying the two largest economic shocks faced by working-age households: layoffs and illness. Using 1.6 million layoffs and 1.2 million hospital stays linked to Canadian tax records, I first show that both events cause persistent declines in earnings lasting more than six years. The full tax and transfer system provides substantial insurance against these risks, shrinking the percentage of income lost post-layoff by 40% and post-hospitalization by 60%, which I estimate to be worth 7-10% of total post-event consumption. But less than half of this social insurance comes from the unemployment and disability insurance programs that formally insure these risks. The progressive shape of taxes and transfers provides the majority of social insurance, and is especially important for reducing the risk of catastrophic income losses and mitigating inequality in the income risks of layoffs and hospitalizations. Using a dynamic model, I find that the insurance value of redistributive taxes and transfers is considerable across the entire income distribution, and is more than twice as large at the bottom of the income distribution than at the top. ∗I am grateful to my advisors Amy Finkelstein, Heidi Williams, David Autor and Raj Chetty for their guidance and support. I am also thankful to George Akerlof, Sydnee Caldwell, David Cutler, Itzik Fadlon, Colin Gray, David Green, Jon Gruber, Nathan Hendren, Ray Kluender, Christina Patterson, Jim Poterba, Otis Reid and Daniel Waldinger for their many helpful comments. Sung-Hee Jeon, René Morissette, Michelle Rotermann, Claudia Sanmartin and Grant Schellenberg provided valuable guidance about the administrative data. Kai Matheson, Emanuel Schertz and Nicolaj Thor provided excellent research assistance. Financial support was provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the U.S. Social Security Administration through grants #RRC08098400-09 and #RDR18000003 to the NBER as part of the Retirement and Disability Research Consortium, and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Pre-Doctoral Fellowship on the Economics of an Aging Workforce awarded through the NBER. The views expressed in this paper are solely my own and do not represent the views of Statistics Canada or any agency of the Government of Canada or the Government of the United States. †MIT Department of Economics and NBER. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


`The problem of the construction and validation of predictors has recently been paid increasing attention in the biometrical community, especially in connection with the construction of prognostic indices and diagnostic scores. The research frontier for these topics will be introduced, including applications and case studies. The bene®ts of new approaches will be critically discussed and open questions deserving future research will be identi®ed.'


This study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of two kinds of electrolyzed water with added 0.5% (v/v) citron juice, SAEW-CJ[Strong Acidic Electrolyzed Water with added Citron Juice, pH 2.57, ORP (oxidation-reduction potential) 1,122 mV, HClO 23.05ppm] and LAEW-CJ (Low Alkaline Electrolyzed Water with added Citron Juice, pH 4.67, ORP 997mV, HClO 42.55mV) as storing liquid for peeled taro. During storage at until 30 days, SAEW-CJ and LAEW-CJ inhibited the growth of microorganisms more effectively than 0.2% (w/v) APS (aluminium potassium sulfate) and 0.85% (w/v) NaCl did. Total phenolic contents, PRO (polyphenol oxidase) activity, color differences value () and vitamin C contents of peeled taro stored in SAEW-CJ and LAEW-CJ were lower than those stored in 0.2% APS and 0.85% NaCl. The hardness decrement of peeled taro stored in LAEW-CJ was lower than that of the others. In addition, the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude ash, total sugars, and reducing sugars were gradually decreased during storage. However, no difference by peeling methods or immersion liquid was found.


Serpentinite from Woods Chrome Mine, l,ancaster County, Pennsylvania, consists of planar serpentine, randomly interstratified serpentine-chlorite, a series ofphases based on regular interstratification ofserpentine and chlorite, minor chlorite, polygonal serpentine, and antigorite. The serpentine mineralogy is complex, including structures with long-range order in (l) the octahedral cation sequence and (2) the sequence ofdisplacements between adjacent 1:l layers. In addition to previously described (but generally less common) 2I, 2Ht,2H2,6R,, and 6Rrlizardite polytypes, the assemblage contains planar serpentines with long-range order in octahedral cation sequences but with random b/3 (and possibly a/3) displacements between adjacent layers. By comparison with calculated electron diffraction intensities, we identified three(I,I,[), four(I,I,[,II and I,I,I,II), five(I,II,I,II,II), six(II,I,I,I,II,II), seven(I,II,I,II,II,II,II and I,II,I,II,I,II,II), and nine-layer octahedral sequences. In addition, the assemblage includes rare threeand four-layer serpentines with regular stacking; in some cases the stacking is nonstandard, insofar as zero and +b/3 displacements occur together. By comparison between electron diffraction intensities and calculated patterns, we identified a threeJayer regular stacking sequence that involves 0,0,-b/3 displacements between adjacent layers (a : 98, 0 : 90",.y : 90'), a fourJayer monoclinic sequence with 0,-bl3,0,+b/3 (a : 90o, A :90", ? : 90"; I,I,II,II), and three four-layer triclinic sequences with 0,-bl3,-b/3,-b/3 (a : 90o, 0 :9C', ^y : 90"), 0,0,0,-bl3 ( a : 9 6 " , 0 : 9 0 , ? : 9 0 ' ) , a n d b l 3 , b / 3 , b / 3 , + b / 3 ( " : 9 6 " , B : 9 0 ' , 7 : 9 g ' ; displacements between adjacent layers. Planar layer silicates exhibit macroscopic preferred orientation. The strong lineation in the foliation defined by the silicate sheets parallels either a or b, suggesting serpentine crystals were rotated, recrystallized, or both during shear deformation. We suggest hat for crystals with b parallel to the lineation, deformation induced regular layer displacements. For crystals with a parallel to the lineation, periodic displacements of OH planes may have promoted development of regular octahedral cation sequences. Two-layer (I,II) and three-layer (I,I,II) serpentines and randomly interstratified serpentine-chlorite contain frequent but nonperiodic planar defects perpendicular to a* and the pseudo-a* axes that are interpreted to displace polytypic sequences. These defects predate chloritization and, in some cases, appear to serve as sites for chlorite nucleation. Layer silicates are crosscut by late-stage polygonized two-layer serpentine with disordered or regular stacking. In some cases with regular stacking, enantiomorphic 6R, segments with a common c-axis direction parallel to their boundary are separated by sectors with 2H, stacking. Polygonized serpentines are nucleated on steps at the surfaces oflayer silicates and may have developed at a late stage by recrystallization of curved serpentine.


Mesua ferrea Linn., commonly called Nagakesara or Ceylon iron wood belongs to the family Calophyllaceae. The present study deals with the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy analysis of Mesua ferrea, which have different medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to identify the phytocomponents present in the ethylacetate extract of Mesua ferrea by using Shimadzu GC-MS Model number: QP2010S equipped with Column - ELITE-5MS (30 meter length, 0.25 mm ID, and 0.25 µm thicknesses). Fourteen compounds were identified and which includes (-)-.alpha.-copaene, .alpha.-Bergamotene, (+)-valencene, beta-eudesmene, .alpha.-selinene, .beta.-Bisabolene, 2, 4-ditert-butylphenol, delta.-cadinene, neophytadiene, Phytol, .beta.-Resorcylic acid, 5-(3, 7-dimethyl-2, 6-octadienyl)-6-pentyl-, ethyl ester, (E)-, Squalene, nonadecane, tricosane.


Lysyl hydroxylases (E.C. 184.108.40.206, LHs) have three isoenzymes that are found in humans and mice, and they hydroxylate lysine residues in collagens and other proteins containing collagenous sequences. The hydroxylysines formed are crucial for the intermolecular collagen crosslinks that stabilise collagen fibres, thereby providing the stiffness and stability required by various tissues. In addition, hydroxylysines serve as attachment sites for carbohydrates, whose functions on collagen molecules are not completely understood yet. In humans, lack of LH1 causes Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) VIA, which is characterised, for example, by severe progressive kyphoscoliosis and muscular hypotonia with joint laxity. Mutations in the LH2 gene are associated with Bruck syndrome, which is characterised by fragile bones with congenital joint contractures. In the present work recombinant human lysyl hydroxylases were produced in insect cells and purified to homogeneity. Limited proteolysis revealed that LHs consist of at least three structural domains. The N-terminal domain plays no role in the lysyl hydroxylase activity, but instead, is responsible for the recently reported glucosyltransferase activity of LH3, and the galactosyltransferase activity reported here for the first time. The LH polypeptide lacking the Nterminal domain is a fully active LH with Km values identical to those of full-length enzyme. In addition, direct evidence is shown that LH2, but not LH1 or LH3, hydroxylates the telopeptide lysine residues of fibrillar collagens. All three recombinant LHs were able to hydroxylate the synthetic peptides representing the helical hydroxylation sites in types I and IV collagens, with some differences in the Vmax and Km values. In addition, all three LHs hydroxylated the collagenous domain of coexpressed type I procollagen chain to similar extend. In this study mouse lines lacking LH3 or LH1 were created and analysed. Unexpectedly, the LH3 null mice died during the embryonal period due to fragmentation of basement membranes. Type IV collagen, one of the major components in basement membranes, aggregates on its way to extracellular space and is absent from the basement membranes making them fragile. This is most probably caused by abnormal processing of type IV collagen due to decreased glucosyltransferase activity of the LH3 null embryos. The first mouse model for human EDS VIA is presented here. The LH1 null mice did not have kyphoscoliosis characteristic of EDS VIA, but showed gait abnormalities due to muscular hypotonia and possible joint laxity, as also seen in EDS VIA patients. In addition, the null mice died occasionally from aortic ruptures. Ultra structural analysis revealed degradation of smooth muscle cells and abnormal collagen fibres even in non-ruptured aortas of LH1 null mice. The hydroxylation of lysine residues and crosslinking in LH1 null mice were also abnormal, as in human EDS VIA patients. The LH1 null mouse line provides an excellent tool for analysing several aspects of human EDS VIA, including muscular hypotonia, abnormalities in collagen fibres and their crosslinking.


This article describes in detail how a ship captain rather than an engineer moves his railroad cars across the Chesapeake Bay on a barge. The railroad carfloat crossing the mouth of the Chesapeake is part of short line Eastern Shore Railroad's operations and one of the last such services in North America. The crossing dates to 1884 when the New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk Railroad opened between Norfolk and Pocomoke City, Maryland, offering an alternative to traveling through the congested areas of Washington and Baltimore. The article details a typical crossing in which a tugboat guides a barge across the bay, dodging Navy amphibious hovercraft, as well as pleasure craft and fishing boats. In addition, the article also describes how the carfloat, which handled 138,311 carloads in 1956, survives despite a considerable drop in that number today.


This paper presents an application of computer simulation as a policy analysis tool for the electric utility industry. In the last decade, the amount of electricity generation capacity has remained constant while demand for electricity has been increasing. This situation puts industrial electricity users, those who use large highly varying quantities of electricity in potentially risky production and financial situations. In this paper, we describe a computer simulation model that examines the electricity requirements of a steel mill in a constrained electricity supply environment. By using simulation, we develop and analyze policies that quantify the costs and benefits of collaborative strategies for efficient electricity usage from both perspectives.


Abstract The purpose of the study was to determine whether the type of use, age and gender of Małopolski horses affect the level of selected haematological and biochemical parameters of their blood and whether there is an interaction between these factors. The research was carried out on 30 horses of the Małopolski breed, which were divided according to gender (18 mares and 12 stallions), age (2–6 years, 7–9 years and 10–16 years) and use (recreational vs. sport). To sum up, the gender of horses significantly affects erythrocyte indices, as evidenced by their significantly higher values in the stallions as compared to the mares, as well as by the interactions between gender and type of use and between the gender and age of the horse. The leukocyte and neutrophil counts increase with the age of horses, and the interaction between age and type of use indicates that the leukocyte and neutrophil counts in training horses is closely linked to their age. systematic physical exercise in sport horses increases leukocyte and lymphocyte counts and contributes to osteogenesis (increase in alp activity and plasma content of calcium and phosphorus), which has a beneficial effect on their health. The correlations obtained may improve breeders' awareness of the effect of various factors, such as age, gender or type of use, on blood indices in horses and can be helpful in evaluating the health of Małopolski horses.


The ritual in its context and indeed the magical one is approached as "text" and "speech" and its readings/hearings are extremely interesting. The female, spoken, magic words as well as the body language often shape or deny the intellectual worlds of gender. The women's experiential experience, through ritual, builds identities, even if within an occasional environment of freedom and self-determination. Moments of resistance are marked, probably unconsciously, in the patriarchal status quo and in the image of the female self that this class constructs. By exploring the identities and the social roles of the gender in reality, we examine how people, men and women, experience life in specific social and cultural contexts. The meanings, which are associated with gender and identities, eventually shape an understanding of the world and produce ideology. This fact implies a classification - however minimal - of those phenomena and their meanings that ensure the gendered status quo as a symbolic one. What were women trying to say through their magical rituals and when will we discover the importance of cultural consignment which the feminine mystique is bearing as a property and the ritual as action?   Article visualizations:


Dielectronic recombination rates have been measured for several charge states of isoelectronic Li-like, Be-like, B-like and Na-like ions. We observed the amount of electron capture attending the passage of MeV/nucleon ion beams through a collinear, magnetically confined space-charge-limited electron beam as a function of relative energy. The experimental rates are consistent in magnitude and shape with rates determined from distorted-wave calculations of the dielectronic-recombination cross sections.


Intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of water-soluble lignins which had both immunomodulating and antiviral activities were investigated using the isotope tracer techniques. Three types of water-soluble lignins with different molecular weights, i.e., EP3 (av. mol. wt., 3.2 × 105D) and SB1000 (mol. wt., 103—104D), both of which were fractionated from LEM (an extract of culture medium of Lentinus edodes mycelia), and PLS(purified lignosulfonate, av. mol. wt., 2 × 104D) were used after being labeled with 14C-HCHO.After p. o. administration, every [14C] lignin was absorbed and reached maximum levels in the tissues, especially, kidney cortex, lymph node, liver and vertebra within 6 hr. 14C-EP3, the sample of the highest molecular weight, showed the lowest absorption, whereas it remained in cortex for a longer period. By summing up the isotope amount in urine and tissues, the absorption extents of 14C-EP3, 14C-PLS and 14C-SB1000 were estimated to be approximately 0.8%, 5.9% and 8.0% of radioactivity, respectively. Absorption and prolonged remain of 14C-EP3 in the lymph node and vertebra suggest that the in vitro immunological activities of this lignin would be linked to those in vivo.


My husband, a frugal man, has a favorite saying: """"A bargain is really a bargain when you don't buy it.""""


Electroless copper depositing processess are controlled by the kinetics of formal dehyde oxidation reaction, which donate electron for the cathodic reduction of cupric ions. The microstructure of electroless copper deposit is greatly effected by the substrate upon which deposition occurs. The effect of hydrogen on the ductility of electroless copper deposit is primarily caused by molecular hydrogen contained in voids, particularly the type Ⅲ GB voids.


Abstract : Complex systems are typically systems of systems, which possess emergent characteristics and are created when many independent (and not-so-obvious dependent) factors interact and interconnect in ways that are non-linear, often unexpected or unknown, and sometimes even chaotic in nature. One often-quoted idea from chaos theory holds that a butterfly flapping its wings in one part of the world may be responsible for causing a typhoon in another. Small, seemingly innocuous decisions or initial conditions that are established early in an acquisition program can create far-reaching and surprising downstream consequences to cost, schedule, and performance, thereby eroding longer term benefits. These nonlinear and seemingly unknown effects are undoubtedly present in most of today's complex acquisition programs, but as yet, we do not possess the tools, techniques, or holistic understanding of unknown system tipping points to predict or even measure this type of phenomenon.


This brief study compares student protest movements in China in 1989 and Taiwan in 1990, using political-opportunity-structure theory as a basis for understanding the activities and outcomes of the two movements. The volume is useful for gaining an overview of the student movement in both places at a similar period of time, revealing interesting similarities in the political situation and the political responses of participants. In both places students reacted to one party dominance of the state, the media, and social organisations, along with a high probability of severe state repression. They conducted their protest activities in an environment of danger, which led to problems of trust among activists and a hesitancy to compromise on the part of the governments and students alike. Under these conditions, calls for moderation were viewed with suspicion. Wright's work exposes a number of similarities between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang, or GMD) in the late 1980s.


Zhangzai contributed greatly to the development of Chinese philosophy.His creative thinking method is of distinctive characteristic and the characteristic is analyzed from the following five methods:critical and innovatived,objective,traditionally metaphysicay,intuitive and divergent.


Quantum computing holds great potential for advancing the limitations of machine learning algorithms to handle higher data dimensions and reduce overall training parameters in deep neural network (DNN) models. This study uses a parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) on a gate-based quantum computer to investigate the potential for quantum advantage in a model-free reinforcement learning problem. Through a comprehensive investigation and evaluation of the current model and capabilities of quantum computers, we designed and trained a novel hybrid Quantum neural network based on the latest Qiskit and PyTorch framework. We compared its performance with a full-classical DNN with and without an integrated PQC. Our research provides insights into the potential of deep quantum learning to solve a maze problem and, potentially, other reinforcement learning problems. We conclude that various reinforcement learning problems can be effective with reasonable training epochs. Moreover, a comparative discussion of the various quantum reinforcement learning model on maze problems is discussed to evaluate our research's overall potential and advantages.


The present invention provides a decoding apparatus (100) generates spectral information, including audio from the input code string: core decoding means (102), the coding sequence for decoding input, generates a low-frequency band spectrum of the audio signal information; and a scalable decoding apparatus (104), a low frequency band spectrum based on the information on the band is not represented by the above-described code string, to generate a spread spectrum information indicating the harmonic structure of the low frequency band spectrum information shown in the frequency axis equal to the extension of the harmonic structure of the harmonic structure.


Superluminous supernovae (SLSNe) are the most luminous supernovae in the Universe. They are found in extreme star-forming galaxies and are probably connected with the death of massive stars. One hallmark of very massive progenitors would be a tendency to explode in very dense, UV-bright and blue regions. In this paper, we investigate the resolved host galaxy properties of two nearby hydrogen-poor SLSNe, PTF 11hrq and PTF 12dam. For both galaxies Hubble Space Telescope multifilter images were obtained. Additionally, we perform integral field spectroscopy of the host galaxy of PTF 11hrq using the Very Large Telescope Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (VLT/MUSE), and investigate the line strength, metallicity and kinematics. Neither PTF 11hrq nor PTF 12dam occurred in the bluest part of their host galaxies, although both galaxies have overall blue UV-to-optical colours. The MUSE data reveal a bright starbursting region in the host of PTF 11hrq, although far from the SN location. The SN exploded close to a region with disturbed kinematics, bluer colour, stronger [O III] and lower metallicity. The host galaxy is likely interacting with a companion. PTF 12dam occurred in one of the brightest pixels, in a starbursting galaxy with a complex morphology and a tidal tail, where interaction is also very likely. We speculate that SLSN explosions may originate from stars generated during star formation episodes triggered by interaction. High-resolution imaging and integral field spectroscopy are fundamental for a better understanding of SLSNe explosion sites and how star formation varies across their host galaxies.


at the legislative level, whether there is evidence of the advisability of introducing such fundamental legislative changes Court of Ukraine. Постановка


Through analyzing the geological condition of the Chengguan area of Dehua county and combined with the pile forming technology and the bearing principle of human digging pile,it analyses the merits and limitation of human digging pile,and points out the problems existing in it and puts forward the preventing steps,to supply reference to similar projects.


Dealing with contaminated groundwater sites Restoration of about 12,000 "problematic" contaminated groundwater sites across the United States is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50–100 years, according to an 8 November report by a committee of the U.S. National Research Council.


Active semiconductor devices including heterojunction diodes and thin film transistors are formed by PECVD deposition of a boron carbide thin film on an N-type sub- strate. The boron to carbon


ABA block-copolymers in which the A segments are capable of forming complexes and B is a non-complexing segment, have been used to prepare polymer materials with properties that can be changed by adding a complexing agent. The complex forming segments were poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) and poly(N-tert-butylethylenimine) (PTBEI). Commercially available liquid ABA block-copolymers, in which A is PEO and B is poly(propylene oxide), were investigated with high molar mass poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) as the complexing agent for PEO. It was found that the mixtures containing 3 to 7 wt.-% of PAA, showed a marked shear-thickening behavior leading eventually to gelation. This was attributed to the transformation of intramolecular polymer complexes, at low shear rates, to intermolecular complexes, at high shear rates, due to the chain stretching of PAA. ABA copolymers in which A is LPEI or PTBEI and B polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), were prepared. Complexation of these copolymers with low molecular weight poly-acids or PAA in polar and non-polar solvents as well as in bulk have been investigated. ABA copolymers in which A is PEO and B a PTHF segment were prepared. These block-copolymers show two melting points: one at appr. 55°C, due to the PEO segments, and one at appr. 30°C due to the PTHF. Upon addition of alkali metal salts such as sodium iodide or sodium thiocyanate, complexes with PEO are formed and as a consequence, the melting point of the PEO segments shifts to appr. 160°C. The complexed materials behave as thermoplastic elastomers up to that temperature.


Phospholipid-linked porphyrins separated by spacer methylene groups (PE-Cn-TTP) were synthesized. Energy transfer from zinc porphyrin to the porphyrin anchored onto a lipid bilayer showed that incorporation of the porphyrin into the lipid membrane of either egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) or dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) was much higher than non-linked porphyrin, tetratolylporphyrin (TTP) and our previously reported polyethylenimine-linked porphyrins. Manganese complexes of PE-Cn-TTP catalyzed transmembrane electron transport, depending not only by the length of separated spacer methylene groups between porphyrin and phospholipid but also by the fluidity of the lipid. The rate was significantly affected due to the presence of imidazole derivative in the lipid bilayer.


Electronic circuitry for providing compensatory amplification to restore speech clarity for aurally handicapped persons comprising multiple active filters in a lowpass, bandpass, highpass (LP/BP/HP) configuration which provides composite filter responses applicable to infinite combinations of hearing deficiencies through multiple adjustments of filter gains, BP center frequency, LP/HP break frequencies, and BP filter "Q". This action achieves a precise corrective hearing response in wearable behind-the-ear and in-the-ear hearing aids.