The objective of this research is to analyze the ventilation performance of mechanical ventilation systems to enhance removal efficiency of indoor hamful gases. The ventilation performance is evaluated using a step-down method based on ASTM Standard E741-83. The ventilation performance is evaluated as a function of the ventilation rate and supply/extract locations using a tracer gas () technique. As a result, the concentration as a function of time is decayed exponentially and the ventilation performance is found to increase with increased the ventilation rate. The ventilation performance of the second type ventilation system is better than that of the first type or the third type. The ventilation performance without human occupancy increases up to 55% and the ventilation performance with one person increases up to 25% at the supply air of 570Lpm comparing with a natural reduction after one hour in the test chamber. The ventilation performance is better than 15% comparing with natural decay at the supply of 570Lpm in an office room.


The noted children's human rights lawyer, Michael Freeman, posed the provocative question of whether the world viewed children as "beings or becomings?" (Freeman, 2015). This encapsulates some of the challenges and dilemmas in the way children infected or affected by HIV are served. Narratives around "investing for the future" and "tomorrow's generation" are in line with an idea that children are becoming adults, becoming human – but obscure their current needs and understate the place of children as current active agents. An equity focus, as called for in this special issue of AIDS Care, would support the needs of children as beings. The end of 2015 saw the end of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and achievements inclusive of substantial reduction of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV, prevention of HIV and decrease in HIV incidence as well as expansion of HIV treatment and care programmes globally, but in particular in the most-affected countries of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Yet there are situations where outcomes for children are wanting. These include the unacceptably high 30% MTCT in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Edmonds et al., 2015; United Nations General Assembly Special Session [UNGASS], 2014) where decentralisation has not ensured higher proportions of pregnant women receiving the full package of interventions at antenatal care, Zimbabwe struggling to reduce national vertical transmission rates to under 5%, being 9.6% in 2013 (UNAIDS, 2014a) and Burundi's modelled at 24.5% (UNGASS, 2015). Children continue to lag in the equity response, with, compared to adults, fewer children on treatment, 76.9% of adults versus 46% of children in Zimbabwe and 12% in Burundi (UNAIDS, 2014a). It is also notable that fewer children are tested for HIV, and that children receive consistently fewer mentions or considerations in plans, policies and future agendas (Sherr, Cluver, Tomlinson, & Coovadia, 2015). Even those organising the 2016 high-level UN meeting's civil society consultations forgot that children were part of civil society. Newer antiretroviral treatment (ART) drugs are not formulated for children, making administration and ultimately adherence even more of a challenge. Young girls remain disproportionately affected by HIV compared to boy children (Singh, Rai, & Kumar, 2013). In 2014, 220,000 (190,000 in SSA) children below the age of 15 years were living with HIV globally, nearly all of whom became infected through MTCT. The prevalence of HIV among pregnant women varies from less than 1% in resource-rich settings of Western Europe, America and Asia to over 40% in some areas of southern Africa (UNAIDS, 2014b). Although the UN has prioritised the virtual elimination of vertically-acquired HIV, the complex machinery and interplay of policy, implementation and review needs to be further expanded for this final goal to be met – achievable as evidenced by the dramatic downturn of children infected at birth as recorded in many settings. ByMarch 2015, 15million people had been initiated onto ART globally, nearly 11 million in SSA; it is unclear how many remain on treatment and how many of these are virally suppressed. About 40% of HIV-infected adults were estimated to have accessed ART, but only 32%, or even less, of children; in 2014 nearly three-quarters of pregnant women living with HIV had access to ART for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) – again high numbers although universal access is not yet enjoyed everywhere. Elimination would require a complete cascade of programmatic provision to ensure universal and appropriately regular HIV testing of all pregnant women to ensure identification of HIV early in pregnancy, followed by comprehensive roll out of appropriate HIV care, ART and support. Better still, not only should HIV-negative pregnant women in high-prevalence areas be tested regularly, but also their households including their partners – this has been reported to halve HIV acquisition (Fatti, Ngonzo, & Grimwood, 2013) in these most vulnerable women. The 2010 WHO PMTCT B+ regime, which included sustained ART for life for pregnant or lactating women once diagnosed, contributes to preventing MTCT during pregnancy and postnatally and reduced transmission to sexual partners – thus indirectly protecting fatherhood as well. WHO recommendations relating to treatment eligibility have been expanded over time, with the most recent, September 2015, guidelines suggesting starting ART immediately upon HIV diagnosis for all, irrespective of clinical or immunological disease progression. This new recommendation thus merges PMTCT with optimal treatment of HIV-infected women. And now there is pre-exposure prophylaxis which could be a valuable adjunct to safer/barrier sex in further protecting women and reducing HIV transmission in discordant couples. All these elements can contribute to provision for safe and healthy families – the bedrock of child development and positive child environments. MTCT can occur before, during and after delivery. With the use of ART in the prevention of MTCT, rates of MTCT


This work starts with a hypothesis that housing design process can be an open system, whose resilience becomes positive when it is understood as a process with multiple agents, among one of them is the architect. Current housing production presents inadequacies and flexibility problems that bring this system to an unbalanced situation, which makes it more difficult for people to modify the space they live. This work aims to identify if and how the insertion of other architectural strategies in housing production could foster its resilience. In order to reach this objective, this research uses an explanatory approach based on a literature review on the theme and case studies. Firstly, the concepts of system and resilience are explored under approaches that cover the reductionist and the systemic paradigm. After that, some discussions regarding housing and counter-hegemonic practices are presented. Finally, selected case studies are analysed from the perspective of the resilience characteristics in order to verify if they develop the concept of housing as a continuous process. The results enforce the need for shifting the emphasis of current housing schemes to a new configuration of dynamic balance and highlight the role of open and informational processes to achieve this goal.


Periodically ordered GaAs convex and hole arrays were fabricated through a combination of colloidal crystal templating and metal-assisted chemical etching using an ion-sputtered Pt–Pd catalyst. A change in the hydrofluoric acid concentration in the etchant results in different morphologies of hole arrays, such as circular and hexagonal holes. Pt–Pd-assisted chemical etching realizes an etching structure having an aspect ratio that is better than those realized by Ag-, Pd-, and Au-assisted chemical etching. GaAs undergoing Pt–Pd-assisted chemical etching exhibited anisotropy of the etching rates with respect to the two-dimensional crystallography of the substrate.


To perform the temperature compensation, a bimetallic thin film with different thermal expansion coefficients is deposited on the surface of the crystal plate. The thermal stress generated in the crystal and the thin film will cancel each other when temperature changes, thus improve the frequency stability of the crystal oscillator. In this paper, a finite element simulation was carried out for the crystal plate with bimetal, and then an experiment was performed to verify the FEM simulation results. The result shows that this approach achieves good temperature - frequency characteristics and reduces the frequency shift of crystal oscillator.


OBJECTIVE
To discuss the role of early growth response factor (Egr)-1 and it's upstream signaling pathway in the development of silicosis.

METHODS
The expression and localization of Egr-1 were analyzed by immunofluorescence and in-situ hybridization. The activity of Egr-1 was observed in treated cells by using a reporter plasmid and EMSA, the activity of ERK1/2 in RAW264.7 incubated with SiO(2) by using a kinase assay, and further by using a kinase inhibitor assay to investigate the role of upstream kinase in the signal pathway of the activation of Egr-1.

RESULTS
The obvious increase of expression and transcription of Egr-1 was observed shortly after being treated by silica and its activity increased abruptly. There was an increase of the activity of ERK1/2 in RAW264.7 cells treated, which reached a peak at 30 minutes. The expression and transcription of Egr-1 decreased maniferstly after using kinase inhibitors.

CONCLUSION
Egr-1 expression can be induced by silica dioxide in RAW264.7 cells, and the ERK1/2, p38 kinases may take part in this process which suggest the pathway of SiO(2), ERK1/2, p38 and Egr-1 may play an important role in the development of silicosis.


Today's workforce is a diverse montage of race, age, gender, religion, and sexual orientation. There is now more diversity among the workforce than ever before and this trend is predicted to persist well into the 21 st century (Ivancevich and Gilbert 2000). Managing diversity well can bring a competitive advantage to an organization and conversely, if not managed well an organizations' profitability can be negatively impacted. The underlying premise is that individuals are valuable and support the achievement of organization goals (Barry and Batemen 1996; Van Hoye and Lievens 2003). One of the components of diversity in the workplace is sexual orientation. Often sexual orientation represents a non-observable type of diversity and in recent years has received a signifcant amount of increased attention (Van Hoye and Lievens 2003). Research shows that lesbians and gay men hold highly varied attitudes toward their sexual identity and the decision to share this information is highly complex (Button 2001; Cain 1991). The decision to affirm one's sexual identity depends on the organizational context (Day and Schoenrade 1997) and disclosing sexual orientation within the workplace can: (a) leave one open to discrimination, (b) influence personal and social development, and (c) impact performance and job satisfaction. Studies demonstrate that the degree to which gays and lesbians are satisfied with work is correlated to how accepting they perceive the workplace environment. Further, because work is considered an indication for psychological well-being a great deal needs to be done to empower GLBT employees (Van Den Bergh 2003). Recent studies have demonstrated that the more open employees are, the more committed to the organization they will be, have higher job satisfaction, perceive support from top management, have lower role ambiguity, and less conflict between work and home (Day and Schoenrade 1997). These factors, combined with the overall social climate, have motivated many organizations to invest heavily on initiatives to become more inclusive of GLBT people. Despite increasing significance, empirical inquiry regarding sexual orientation in the work place is scarce (Van Hoye and Lievens 2003). Although numerous organizations have developed policies that affirm sexual diversity in the workplace little research exists on the implications of these policies for the GLBT employee or the organization they work for (Button 2001). To this end, organizations have only just begun to realize that GLBT diversity significanlty impacts learning and performance in the workplace. This working paper discusses the HRD professionals role in fostering an inclusive environment for GLBT persons that, in turn postiively impacts organizational learning and performance.


This paper presents a method to obtain the parameters i coor b a and/or b c in the Butler-Volmer's equation. The procedure is a non-lineal fit that minimizes de function: χ 2 =Σ (i calc −i exp ) 2 . The main advantage of the method is that it works on any polarization set of points, with the only limitations of the Butler-Volmer's equation. This makes it very useful in automatic data logging and analysis procedures. The solutions are independent of the starting parameters. The ICORR program that develops this method includes also the anodic and cathodic controls in the corrosion process


How Do Parenting Styles Influence the Academic Performance of African-American College Students at an HBCU on the East Coast by Chaka P. Smith MA, Webster University 2005 BA, Winthrop University 2002 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy


The study group comprised thirty consecutive patients with Stage IV and V chronic renal disease who attended the outpatient clinic of Government Medical College, Kozhikode. from April 2012 to March 2013. They were referred from the department of nephrology for management of pruritus. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Patients above the age of 18 years, and those having a uremic pruritus score of more than 5 on the visual analog scale were enrolled for the study. Patients with a history of photosensitivity, early renal disease (Stage I, II and III), pregnancy and lactation were excluded. Those who had pruritus secondary to other skin or systemic diseases were also excluded. Uremic pruritus was defined as pruritus appearing shortly before the onset of dialysis, with three or more episodes of itching over a period of two weeks. The symptoms appeared at least once a day, lasted for at least a few minutes and caused discomfort. The itch appeared in a regular pattern during preceding six months.3


We present here the coincidence study of multiply charged, dissociative diiodoacetylene. We find that instead of breaking up along the molecular axis as in the case of acetylene, the carbon ions of highly charged diiodoacetylene molecule tends to dissociate perpendicularly with respect to the iodine ones. This feature carries a strong signature of intra-molecular scattering between its breakup partners. The heavier iodines block the path of carbons and give rise to 'doughnut' - shaped momentum islands.


The forced oscillation method is a very suitable method to find out the characteristics of oscillations, and several types of forced oscillation generater have been developed. However, most of them are designed for the model towed by or running under the tank carriage, which can be used as a platform to endue the force. For the investigation of the rolling characteristics, it is desirable to use a completely free running model, for example in a square shaped basin, because the experiments by the model can be carried out without any wall effects and any complicated techniques. For the completely free running model, very few oscillation generater can be used except the weight shifting type. At first, we also used this type, however, the oscillater produces the movement of the centre of gravity together with the inclining moment, that makes the scope of analysis of the oscillation characteristics limited.Recently, we have completed a new type forced oscillation generater to use on the free running model test. As is shown in Fig. 2, the new oscillater is composed of two gyroscopes, which have their axis vertical and are turning in opposite direction. The angular velocity is given to the gyroscope around the y axis oscillatory, then the forced oscillatory moment is produced around the x axis as the precession moment. As the direction of rotation and the given angular velocity of each gyroscope is reverse each other, only the forced moment on the same direction around the lateral axis x is produced, while the reaction moments are cancelled each other. Moreover, even if the model perform the pitching motion, the rolling moment is not produced. The superior character of this method to Gerritsma's and Golovato, s methods is that the oscillation can produce the pure sinusoidal forced moment by giving the sinusoidal angular velocity to the gyroscopes. The characteristics of oscillation can be obtained by measuring and analysing the motion of the model.Here, as the first attempt, we have carried out the forced rolling experiments by the free running model to obtain the rolling characteristics, especially when she is advancing with forward speed. The results are summarized as follows ;1. The rolling characteristics of ship while she is advancing are essentially the same with that while she is drifting. Even in rolling, it is sufficient to consider the effect of the nonlinearity of damping term in the equation of motion, and the non-linearity of restoring term can be neglected, so far as the amplitude is modelate.2. Comparing the forced rolling tests in still water with the rolling tests in regular beam waves, it is concluded that the amount of forced moment of the wave affecting on the ship with advance speed is almost the same as that affecting on the ship in drift condition.3. The effects of forward advance speed on the roll damping of the ship were made clear quantatively as well as qualitatively. The damping of roll increases with the increase of the advanced speed of ship, and around the service speed of the ordinary ships, say at Froude number of 0.2 to 0.3 it becomes about 1.5-1. 8 times the damping in drift condition. It is very interesting to find that the damping of ship has usually a hump and a hollow at the same range of the Froude number.


The priority for absorption models and the improved prescription of SC-1 were proposed through researching the principle of the absorption of particles on the silicon wafer surface.The improved SC-1 can remove not only the particles but also the organic substance effectively.Some new silicon wafer cleaning technologies with easier operateing,more completely removal and well environmental protection were given.This article demonstrates the development trend of the technology of silicon wafer cleaning in the future through analyzing the demand for the development of microelectronics technology.


Creep tests were performed with carbon fibre-bundles (Toho Tenax, HTA 5131) in a temperature range from 1500 to 1800 °C. The fibre-bundles were electrically heated in vacuum (pressure 10−4 mbar) and tensile load was applied in a hydraulic testing machine. The creep parameters were obtained from varying temperature and loading conditions.

Accompanying structural investigations were performed with X-rays (SAXS and WAXD). An increasing orientation of the graphene planes along the fibre (and thus the loading axis) could be observed with increasing temperature and load. No structural change and no creep, however, was observed for carbon fibres stabilized by an appropriate heat treatment.


Korean small industries are currently facing a good deal of changes in the economic environment; (a) the industrial environment became more competitive than as ever in that small industries have to compete with foreign industries even for the domestic market; (b) developed countries are turning reluctant to transfer their new technology; (c) rapid economic growth of other developing countries are threatening us; (d) customer needs are becoming more and more individualized and diversified; (e) the regulation of government concerning the contamination of natural environment will be more strict. Because the only way possible to overcome this situation is considered to be technological innovation, many ways in which to enhance the level of our technology are provided and discussed in detail. Due to to consideration of efficiency, introduction of foreign technology is preferred by small industries rather than developing new technology on their own. Many different ways of introducing foreign technology are addressed including licensing, direct investment, co-investment, and venture capital. It is emphasized that small industries should be able to put together its own know-hows and introduced foreign technology in an synergistic manner by which to maximize their international competitive power.


The wavelength calibration of pulsed dye lasers using uranium or neon atomic absorption lines detected by the optogalvanic (OG) effect is examined. Measured wavelength shifts are of the same magnitude as the laser spectral width. For a reproducible calibration, all of the parameters regarding the OG recording should be kept constant. The highest wavelength calibration accuracy is obtained by setting the boxcar parameters to minimize OG line shifting. OG line wavelength shifts of up to+or-0.02 nm are measured. >


The arrival and development of digital technologies (e.g. the internet, personal computer) including mobile ones (e.g. smartphones) in recent years have raised both support for and concerns about the effects of adoption and usage on learning outcomes. The arguments come from different educational stakeholders including parents, educators, practitioners, policy makers, and learners themselves. On the one hand, those in favor argue for increasing opportunities to learn (OtL) or seamless learning thanks to the mobility and multifunctionality of mobile internet devices. On the other hand, those against attest to multitasking, task switching, and rising social media or entertainment addiction phenomena as detrimental. With evidence from Vietnam, this paper contributes to the scant literature of net effect of digital devices use, and identified insignificant effect of smartphone use on Math and reading comprehension test scores while positive results of internet and computer access, using linear regressions and Lewbel instrumental variable methods. The results can be explained by the significantly positive effects of internet use for exam samples searching while negative effect of internet use for social networking, which is one among many online platforms competing for attention in the attention economy era. Our results shed light on the intricacy of mobile internet use's effects for upper-secondary school students' key learning outcomes, and offer some recommendations for educational practitioners.


An ideal K of a ring R is called right (left) generalized pure (GP-ideal)if for every a ∈ K, there exists m ∈ Z, and b ∈ K such that a = a b ( a = b a ) . A ring R is called MLGPring if every right maximal ideal is left GPideal . In this paper have been studied some new properties of MLGPrings and the relation between this rings and strongly πregular rings some of the main result of the present work are as follows: 1Let R be a local , MLGP and SXM ring . Then : (a) J(R) = 0 . (b) If R is NJring . Then r(a) is a direct sum and for all ∈ R , m ∈ Z . 2 Let R be a local , SXM and NJring . Then R is strongly πregular if and only if R i LGP .


This paper analyzes contractual arrangements in barley production in the Argentine pradera pampeana region. Barley constitutes an interesting case-study: its production and marketing conditions result in some degree of vertical contracting between primary producers and processors. Vertical coordination via contracting, however, is considerably less than that observed for example in poultry or some types of vegetable and fruit production. Barley is thus an intermediate case between coordination via impersonal market transactions and that resulting from different degrees of vertical integration. The objective of the paper is to determine the impacts of contracting on decisions such as input purchasing agreements, output marketing sharing, vertical integration, risk management and the use of technical know-how. The impact of contracting arrangements on input use and technology choice is also explored. Findings include the following. First, input purchase sharing, or output marketing sharing arrangements are infrequent amongst farmers. Some evidence exists, however, of barley farmers engaging in these arrangements more than farmers producing alternative crops. The (partial) "asset-specific" nature of the barley crop may explain these differences. Second, a higher proportion of barley farmers engage in different types of vertical arrangements with input suppliers or output purchasers. Third, farmers participating in the barley vertical chain are more likely to use formal insurance instruments than farmers producing other crops. Fourth, significant differences exist in input (fertilizer and ag chemical), and technical-know how between farmers that participate and those that do not participate in vertical arrangements with input suppliers and output purchasers. Formal contracting appears, in general, to have a positive impact on all these dimensions. The paper shows that contracts between barley producers and processors are relatively simple, relying for compliance on reputation and good-will more than on the formal "written word". Possibly, relatively low benefits from non-compliance result in this type of arrangement working well. The paper also shows, however, that private arbitration, mediation and quality inspection institutions exist in order to reduce both the probability and costs of litigation. The Camara Arbitral (in existence since 1905) is an interesting example of this type of institution.


Abstract Some clinical trials in ophthalmology or dermatology randomize patients into two or more treatment groups, and observations are made for one or more anatomical regions (or sites) for each patient. In this case, patients are primary sampling units, and their responses for multiple anatomical sites are usually correlated. Useful randomization-based extensions of the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel method are discussed here for such studies; and aspects of their application are illustrated with two examples. The first example is a randomized ophthalmology clinical trial with the number of treated eyes as strata and a dichotomous response criterion. The second example is a randomized dermatology clinical trial with three strata for the number of treated anatomical regions among the face, scalp, or chest, one covariable (as disease severity at baseline), and a dichotomous outcome. For these examples, the results are interpretable through the proportions of treated sites with favorable outcome for each treatment and their difference between treatments.


Angela Burnett has a real love of life and people, especially people in need. But don't make assumptions. Claire McKenna finds out that she is not a saintly, haloed, martyr-type figure


Studies have shown that the newer oral antifungal agents, terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole, have higher cure rates, higher compliance, lower relapse rates, cause fewer adverse events, and require a shorter treatment duration than older treatments (e.g. griseofulvin). The newer agents have a broad spectrum with activity against dermatophytes, some nondermatophytes, and yeasts. The majority of dermatophytes can be successfully treated with oral antifungal agents. In addition, there has been success in treating onychomycosis due to Candida species and some nondermatophyte molds. The management of onychomycosis due to some nondermatophyte molds may require a longer treatment duration compared to dermatophytes. In addition, certain nondermatophyte molds (e.g. Scytalidium dimidiatum and Onychocola canadensis ) may be poorly responsive or unresponsive to systemic treatments. 2 It is also thought that Candida parapsilosis responds better to terbinafine treatment than does C. albicans because terbinafine is fungicidal towards C. parapsilosis but fungistatic towards C. albicans . 3


Screened anionic copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate with the
perfluoroalkyl methacrylates 2 affords well-defined AB block copolymers
4–6, which serve as effective surfactants in the dispersion
polymerisation of methyl methacrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide.


Background Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare, aggressive malignancy which is diagnostically challenging. Objectives To characterize clinical, histopathological and immunophenotypic features of BPDCN with cutaneous involvement. Materials & Methods Cases of BPDCN with skin lesions diagnosed between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively studied. Results The age at diagnosis presented a bimodal pattern. The morphological features of skin lesions of BPDCN were heterogeneous, manifesting as disseminated, sporadic or solitary plaques, nodules or tumours. Histopathologically, tumour cells in 67.9% of lesions infiltrated in a diffuse and nodular pattern. Interstitial, lichenoid and perivascular patterns were observed in 14.3%, 7.1% and 10.7% lesions, respectively. Angioinvasion and necrosis were absent. All tumour cells were lymphoblastic-like with polymorphic and irregular nuclei except for one lesion revealing monomorphous immunoblastic-like cells. Immunohistochemically, CD4, CD56, CD123 and TCL-1 were positive in 82.1%, 92.9%, 96.0% and 100% cases of BPDCN, respectively. Simultaneous expression of the four markers were observed in 65.0% of stained lesions. Notably, E2-2 was positively expressed in the nuclei of tumour cells in all BPDCN lesions, but was negative in all myeloid sarcoma lesions. Moreover, peripheral blood flow cytometry of six BPDCN cases revealed varying degrees of tumour cells with heterogeneous expression of CD56. Conclusion The morphological and phenotypic features of cutaneous BPDCN are heterogeneous. E2-2 may serve as a useful marker to definitively diagnose BPDCN


P OLITICS is a phenomenon of society and can be properly underStood only in terms of society. This statement is obviously a commonplace, yet it is one whose full implications have been explored only intermittently and capriciously by the writers of political history. Politics has long been accepted as the spinal cord of history—as the central trunk around which the developments of economics, culture, and thought may conveniently arrange themselves. But historians have not always understood to what extent this process should be a two-way street. Economics, culture, and thought can illuminate politics as much as politics can illuminate the rest of history. Indeed, without this illumination, political history becomes a tedious and sterile discipline, committed to the pursuit of superficialities. With it, political history may throw great and valuable light on the behavior of man.


The first case is a 40-year-old female patient with adenocarcinoma of the cecum who was started on continuous intravenous (i.v.) 5-FU (425 mg/m2/day) and folinic acid (25 mg/m2/day) infusion. The patient had no history of heart disease. On the third day of 1st cycle, she developed chest pain. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF, V5 and V6 (Fig. 1a). The angina and ECG changes disappeared after sublingual nitrate administration (Fig. 1b). She continued to experience angina despite discontinuation of 5-FU, so she was admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU). She was heparinized with a 5000 U i.v. bolus followed by 1000 U/hr infusion and was started on a 5 mg/min nitroglycerine infusion, with the rate gradually increased to 100 mg/min. She continued to have anginal attacks of decreasing frequency and severity till day 4 of the i.v. heparin and nitrate therapy. Her serum levels of creatine kinase (CPK) and CPK-MB, and troponin-I remained within normal limits. Echocardiography was normal at all times. A coronary angiography was performed. The coronary arteries were normal (Fig. 2a). The fractional flow reserve (FFR, defined as the ratio of the mean pressure distal to a coronary stenosis to the mean aortic pressure during maximal hyperemia, indicates significant stenosis if <0.75) was measured to rule out any significant stenosis. FFR of the left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex (Cx) arteries were measured. The FFR for the LAD artery was 1.02 (102/100), and this remained unchanged after an intracoronary injection of adenosine. The FFR of the Cx artery was 1.01 (102/101). Hyperventilation-induced respiratory alkalosis did not cause vasospasm in the coronary arteries. However, the cold pressor test, performed by placing the patient's left arm in ice-cold water, resulted in 30-40% narrowing of the Cx artery (Fig. 2b). The patient's chemotherapy regime was changed. She was discharged on oral diltiazem 90 mg/day. She remained free of any cardiac symptoms in follow-up. Our second case is a 63-year-old man who had coronary artery disease. He had adenocarcinoma of the duodenum and was started i.v. 5-FU (425 mg/m2/day) and folinic acid (25 mg/m2/day). On the 3rd day of the regimen shortly after the continuous infusion of 5-FU, the patient developed chest pain with ST segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF, V4, V5 and V6 (Fig. 3A). He was admitted to CCU and i.v. nitroglycerine and diltiazem infusion was started. The ST segment changes (Fig. 3B) and Two cases of coronary vasospasm induced by 5-fluorouracil


This study aims to determine the effect of the Somatic, Auditory, Visualization, Intellectualy (SAVI) learning model assisted by multimedia on the competency of of fifth grade science knowledge. This research is a quasi-experimental study with a Non-equivalent Posttest Only Control Group Design. The population in this study was class V SD, amounting to 226 students, while the sample of 76 students was determined by cluster random sampling technique. Science knowledge competency data collection was carried out by providing a posttest in the form of an ordinary multiple choice test, which amounted to 36 items. The data obtained were analyzed using polled variance t-test. Based on the analysis results obtained t count = 4.51 which is then compared with t table at a significance level of 5% with dk = 74 which is 2.00. The results of the hypothesis analysis show tcount = 4.51> ttable = 2.00, so that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So, it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of the multimedia-assisted SAVI learning model on the science knowledge competency of grade V SD. A R T I C L E I N F O Article history: 1 Juli 2020 Received in revised form 30 Agustus 2020 Accepted 28 September 2020 Available online 30 September 2020 Kata Kunci: SAVI, multimedia, kompetensi pengetahuan IPA


The aim of the research is to identify and theoretically substantiate the psychological and pedagogical foundations of high-quality professional activity of the teachers of legal disciplines in higher education institutions and to identify experimentally the level of its manifestation. In order to achieve the purpose of study the various general scientific and specific methods of research were used. It was established that the quality of the professional pedagogical activity of the teachers of legal disciplines is its crucial feature. The basic psychological and pedagogical components of qualitative professional pedagogical activities of the teachers of legal disciplines are identified.


In this paper we report on the process, outcomes, and impact of a weekly homework assignment for which students write about the mathematics they do in their everyday lives. Data from 17 fifth-grade students suggest that after doing the assignment for a full school year, students clearly communicated their beliefs about the assignment having improved their mathematical abilities and their overall confidence with doing mathematics, communicating about mathematics, and taking tests involving mathematics. The assignment also alleviates pressure on teachers to "teach to the test" and to sacrifice valuable instructional time for test preparation. The assignment may prove to be an effective tool for enhancing students' mathematical skills, as well as their test-taking efficacy.


A method of controlling a radiology device, of the type comprising a transmission means of a X-ray beam, and means for receiving the X-ray beam after it has passed through a body part patient, wherein an image is reconstructed in three dimensions of a body part of a patient from a series of images in two dimensions, are produced two-dimensional views of the three-dimensional image according to different impacts , it selects the implications for the best visualization of the part of the patient body, it stores said impact, and supplying said impact at the radiology device for positioning with a view to an intervention on said portion of the patient's body under Fluoro enabling real time display of pictures in two dimensions.


Background:
 The global burden of diseases (GBD) of neurological disorders is increasing worldwide. The purpose of this study is to determine the burden of neurological disorders, including incidence, prevalence, death, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), years lived with disability, and years of life lost between 1990 and 2019 in Asia regions.

 Methods:
 The GBD study is updated every year, and the most recent version provides the burden of diseases according to age, gender, and region from 1990 to 2019. Our study included 13 neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, brain and central nervous system cancer, idiopathic epilepsy, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, migraine, tension-type headache, meningitis, encephalitis, tetanus, other neurological disorders. All rates were described as age-standardized using the GBD standard. Data were described using 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) and changes from 1990 to 2019 as percent (95% UIs) provided by the GBD website.

 Results:
 In 2019, DALYs of neurological diseases were 64.4 million in South-East Asia (95% UI 45.2-94.2) and 85.0 million in Western pacific regions (95% UI 63.0-118.5). The three neurological diseases with the highest DALYs in WHO South-East Asia and WHO Western pacific regions in 2019 were stroke, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. DALYs of stroke and Alzheimer's disease and other dementia, Parkinson's disease, brain and central nervous system cancer, multiple sclerosis, migraine, and tension type headache increased in both regions in 2019 compared to 1990. Infectious diseases such as tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis decreased in both regions. The age-standardized rate of stroke incidence (-10%, 157 to 141 in South-East Asia, -12%, 211 to 186 in Western Pacific) and mortality (-30%, 135 to 95 in South-East Asia, -42%, 180 to 104 in Western Pacific) decreased markedly in both regions.

 Conclusion:
 This study demonstrated the burden of neurological diseases in Asia. To reduce the burden of neurological disease, a strategy suited to the reality of each country will be needed, and this study can serve as the cornerstone of the strategy.


Gamma transitions in Xe/sup 128/ following decay of the 25-min I/sup 128/ were studied using coincidence techniques. Directional correlation measurements for the 567-kev-439-kev cascade were taken at six angles in each quadrant (every 15 deg from 90 to 165 deg ), and the corrected expansion coefficients were found to be A/sub 2/ = -0.180 plus or minus 0.028 and A/sub 4/ = +0.269 plus or minus 0.047. Conversion electrons corresponding to these gamma transitions were observed in a magnetic spectrometer. These measurements confirmed the existence of excited states at 439 kev (2+) and 1006 kev (2+). The spectrograph measurements show tentative evidence for a 0+ excited state at 1016 kev which is de-excited by weak transitions to the first excited state and to the ground state. (auth)


Introduction: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is believed to result in progressive fibrofatty replacement of the RV myocardium with development of multiple ventricular tachycardia (VT) circuits. Endocardial unipolar voltage mapping has been shown to reliably identify epicardial and endocardial (epi-endo) scar in ARVC. Hypothesis: We studied the prevalence and mechanisms of disease progression in patients with ARVC and VT through longitudinal unipolar voltage mapping studies. Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients (age 38±14 years) who fulfilled the revised Task Force criteria for ARVC underwent two detailed sinus rhythm endocardial unipolar voltage maps (mean 348±118 points) performed a median of 36 months apart (interquartile range 21 to 36 months, minimum 9 months) as part of VT ablation procedures. Epi-endo scar was defined using established unipolar voltage cutoff (5.5 mV). The extent of RV scar and total RV volume was measured by a dedicated software. A >5% increase in RV scar area or volume over follow-up was considered significant. Results: At baseline, all patients had evidence of epi-endo RV scar (mean 141±82 cm 2 ; 56±27% of the RV surface area). After a mean follow-up of 49±36 months, no significant progression of unipolar voltage scar was observed (mean 159±83 cm 2 , P=0.14; 63±27% of the RV surface area, P=0.07). Specifically, only 3 (17%) patients presented with progression of the RV scar >5%. The RV volumes increased during follow-up (from 206±74 mL to 258±77 mL, P=0.0003), with the majority of patients (15/18, 83%) having a significant increase in the RV volume (mean increase = 38.9%). Only 3 (17%) patients had no change in both RV scar size and volume over time. Conclusions: In patients with ARVC and VT, progressive RV dilatation is almost uniformly observed, while rapid epi-endo scar progression is rare. These findings suggest that aggressive epi-endocardial substrate ablation should provide long-term VT control, and further research is needed to identify the mechanism(s) for and to prevent ongoing RV dilatation in these patients.


The age of old units is going to end: to make things easier, some of them will disappear in the nineties


This paper contributes to an increasing occupation in media studies with Mobile Virtual Reality (MVR) – a form of 'wireless' VR, where all necessary sensing componentry is built into the system's headset and controllers. Our analysis focuses on the Quest series of devices, offered by Facebook-owned VR company Oculus. Through the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, we argue that the Quest represents a 'concretisation' of VR – of VR becoming internally coherent and synergistic, enabling its mobility and use in varied contexts. We suggest that this process of concretisation is what enables it to generate vast amounts of data with the potential for use by Facebook's advertising arm and in future product development.


Designing of Power Plant Electricity CAI System architecture and modules function is presented.After the contents arrangement and all kinds of instruments usage in the main component-Courseware System is introduced,a feasible development plan is proposed.PPECAI System takes fully technical advantage of computer,multimedia and internet.Following the principle of WEB basing,humanization and interdependent study,it provides a vivid and interactive instruction environment.According to partially implemented module's application in practice,PPECAI takes great effect in teaching by overcoming the drawback of isolating the schoolbook from the real world in conventional tutor method of Power Plant Electricity course.


The design and performance of three scientific grade CCDs are summarized: a 1200 x 400 astronomical array of 27 x 27 sq micron pixels, a 512 x 512 scientific array of 27 x 27 sq micron pixels and a 404 x 64 VNIR array of 52 x 52 sq micron pixels. Each of the arrays is fabricated using a four phase, double poly, buried n-channel, multi-pinned phase CCD process. Performance data for each sensor is presented.


Molecular machines leverage sub-nanometer level intermolecular forces and host–guest interactions to perform a useful work observable at the macroscopic level. The development of molecular machines...


A physics-based analytic model of the ON- and OFF-currents in a homojunction tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) is used to understand the relationship between bandgap, gate length, ON-current, OFF-current, ON/OFF current ratio, and supply voltage to meet minimum energy requirements. The model, which applies to direct-bandgap semiconductors, is validated against numerical simulations to show that it captures the trends of more comprehensive simulations. The analytic model is then used to compare alternative channel materials for TFETs. Gate-all-around InAs nanowire and graphene nanoribbon TFETs are used as design examples at gate lengths of 10 and 15 nm and for an ON/OFF current specification of 105. The results suggest that TFETs based on 2-D materials can be more energy efficient than semiconductor nanowire TFETs and conventional metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors for low-power logic.


According to the equilibrium condition of geometry relationship, we derived the formulas that can be used to calculate the loss of prestress of prestressing tendons with the double-end tensioning and the asymmetrical arrangement parabolic curves. Through an example of the bridge engineering, we described in de tail the complete procedure of the proposed formula method, and it is shown that the proposed method is s imple and practical. Comparing with the Midas software method would prove to be accurate. This work c ould be used to calculate the losses of prestress for 2-dimensional parabolic prestressing tendons. I ntroduction Post-tensioned prestressed members have been widely applied in the roads, the bridges, the buildings and the municipal engineering. For the prestressing tendons of parabolic curves, losses of prestress due to friction have two ways in tensioning stage: the one is the effect of the bent duct, the other is the effect of the local deviation of ducts. The effective prestressing force was very importance factor in order to ensure the c onstruction quality of the tendons. Thus, it is vital to make more exact calculation of prestress losses. China and America bridge specifications (1-3) gave the description of calculating prestress losses, but not specific formulas. Here, basing the equilibrium condition of geometry relationship, we would derive the basic formulas of prestress loss and give the specific formulas to calculate the parabolic bending angle and curve length. The s tress balance point would be presented when the prestressing tendons adopted the double-end tensioning a nd asymmetrical layout. Finally, we would give an example of bridge engineering. Stress balance point When the prestressing tendons were the single-end tensioning or double-end tensioning and symmetrical layout, we may calculate pretress loss of every segment one by one; when the double-end tensioning and asymmetrical layout, the values are not easy to obtain. We have to calculate every segment one by one from two endpoints, respectively. Due to the friction, the prestress value of the tendons must gradually decrease a certain value in a certain point to make the system achieve balance. We called the "a certain point" as the "stress balance point" or "fixed point in theory". It was assumed that the prestress values of two endpoints can be defined as i 


Using Electric Counterpoint as a central reference, this chapter outlines the constitutive role played by audible cultures of the non-West in shaping the distinctive sound of Steve Reich's music. Reich's involvement with African music, in particular, extends beyond the common historical narrative of "influence" (construed as mostly confirmation and encouragement for an already formed style). Electric Counterpoint draws on a host of African musical strata—ranging from literal quotations and paraphrases to the application of techniques and principles—derived from local expressive cultures, ritual traditions, biospiritual practices, and musical cosmologies from Ghana, Nigeria, Central African Republic, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Uganda, and Mozambique. The project tracks the way music and sound circulates within different regimes of meaning, mediation, and value, with a particular interest in retrieving the often tributary and ephemeral phenomena found in geographically remote cultures that, for complex reasons, are systematically written out of world history.


Smallest, most powerful scientific EMCCD camera on the market Most advanced feature set available for low-light applications Lowest dark current available for an EMCCD camera Lowest read noise available for an EMCCD camera Ideal for sophisticated researcher and multi-user labs Superb electron multiplication (EM) gain and bias stability Most accurate EM calibration technique in the industry Available with exclusive eXcelonTM technology Backed by Photometrics' worldwide support team Available with Exclusive


Cybercrime or electronic crime is a very diverse and expanding phenomenon. It has no boundaries. For people from different walks of life, its really hard to understand it. No exact definition of cybercrime can be given. Cybercrime in Pakistan has immensely increased in the past two decades. We had no digital forensic and information data experts. No latest system was available. Previously we had no legislation on cybercrimes until when Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016, was passed by the government. This research paper analyzes cybercrime, its meaning and origination, different difficulties, laws of cybercrime and its punishment given under the PECA. Some deficiencies along with few suggestions have been highlighted in the current setup of cybercrime and policy making at the end.


A banking crisis is traditionally understood to mean the persistent inability of a significant number of banks to meet their obligations to their counterparts, as reflected in violations of the terms of settlements and cash servicing, obligations to depositors and the holders of bank obligations, and the bankruptcy and liquidation of banking institutions. The more banks that are encompassed by the crisis, the graver the economic consequences. If the banks that are supposed to be performing the principal volume of banking operations begin to experience serious difficulties, a crisis may be considered systemic, that is, as a threat to the existence of the entire banking system.


Dual active galactic nuclei (Dual AGN) represent a critical stage in a major galaxy merger (M/m <3), where both supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are rapidly accreting. Studying these systems can yield valuable insights into the physical processes that affect galaxy evolution, both in terms of nuclear activity and galactic collisions. In this context, we present integral field spectroscopic (IFS) observations of the nearby (z∼0.03) dual AGN Mrk 739, whose projected nuclear separation is∼3.4 kpc, obtained with the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We find that the galaxy has an extended AGN-ionized emission-line region extending up to ∼20 kpc away from the nuclei, while star-forming regions are more centrally concentrated within 2-3 kpc. We model the kinematics of the ionized gas surrounding the eastern nucleus using a circular disk profile, resulting in a peak velocity of 237+26−28km s−1at a distance of ∼1.2 kpc. The enclosed dynamical mass within 1.2 kpc is log M(M) = 10.20±0.06, ∼1,000 times larger than the estimated supermassive black hole (SMBH) mass of Mrk739E. The morphology and dynamics of the dual AGN Mrk 739 are consistent with an early stage of the collision, where the foreground galaxy (Mrk 739W) is a young star-forming galaxy in an ongoing first passage with its background companion (Mrk739E). Since Mrk 739W's AGN does not show evidence of being actively accreting as its companion, we claim that the gas of the northern spiral arms of Mrk 739W are cross-ionized by the nuclear activity of Mrk 739E. The subsequent MUSE Narrow Field Mode (NFM) analysis reveals an unprecedented spatial resolution for Mrk 739E, where star-forming clumps, traced by Hα emission, form a ring-like structure inside a rotating disk. These star-forming clouds are surrounding an active SMBH at the center of an elliptical galaxy undergoing a merger process with a young spiral galaxy. Kinematically, we note that the disk is rotating with a velocity of Vmed,rot= 280.5±32.7 km s−1,∼50 km s−1larger than the velocity derived from the WFM analysis. The flux distribution of the NFM data reveal Hα clouds that also belong to Mrk 739W. Based on our schematic representation of the merger process, this emission would be part of the north side of the Mrk 739W'sbar and the beginning of the leading arm that gives origin to the large-scale spiraling crest.


A multicomponent reaction between imines, terminal alkynes, and isothiocyanates in the presence of a catalytic chiral copper-pybox complex proceeds enantioselectively to give enantiopure thiazolidine-2-imines (60-99% ee) via a highly regioselective intramolecular 5-exo-dig hydrothiolation reaction.


Recent experimental studies of centreline velocities in front of plain and flanged local exhaust ventilation hoods have shown that design equations based on the work of Dalla-valle hand Silverman are not valid in general. However, these equations form the basis of today's design methods and are still widely used and advocated by authors despite the large errors in the velocities predicted by them. Garrison compared his experimental data obtained recently for high velocity/low volume exhaust nozzles with results predicted by Dallavalle's and Silverman's equations and found significant variations. Some of Garrison's data are compared here with the formula developed by Fletcher and are found to give very close agreement.


Bacteria play a central role in the cycling of nutrients and energy flow to higher trophic levels, yet the effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation upon bacterioplankton have been largely overlooked. Using a highly specific radloimmunoassay, measurements of solar-induced DNA photodamage (cyclobutane pyriinldine dimers) were taken in planktonic samples collected from the northern Gulf of Ilcxico. Diel patterns of dimer accumulation and repair were observed in both the bacterloplankton ~ 1 7 1 ' fraction ( 0.8 pm < 120 pm), although damacje induction was approximately twice as much in the bacterioplankton fraction. Depth profiles of Dii \ damage in the bacterioplankton size fraction during cdlnl and moderate seas demonstrated the infl~iencc ot mixlng on t h e distribution of W radiation effects. During calm seas, damage was greatest in surface waters, decreased with depth, and could be detected to 10 m. In moderate seas, however, no net accumulation of damage was observed, even at the surface. The results demonstrate that bacteria are more susceptible to UV-B damage and may wrve as a more sensitive indicator of UV stress than other microorganisms. Wave action and mixing strongly influence the effects of UV-B in surface waters, demonstl-ating that UV-B effects may not always be predictable from measures of UV radiat io~ attenuation.


Simple Summary The mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors are poorly understood. Patients with HR+ MBC treated with CDK4/6i and antiestrogen therapy were grouped into early (<6 months), intermediate (6–24 months for 0–1 lines; 6–9 months for ≥2 lines), or late progressors (>24 months for 0–1 lines; >9 months PFS for ≥2 lines). Among the 109 patients who received CDK4/6i as 1st- or 2nd-line therapy, 17 genes showed association with PFS (p-value < 0.15 and HR ≥ 1.5 or HR < 0.5). RNAseq was analyzed for 24/109 (22%) patients with 0–1 prior lines of therapy and 56 genes associated with PFS (HR ≥ 4 or HR ≤ 0.25 and FDR ≤ 0.15). Genomic biomarkers including FGFR1 amplification, PTEN loss, and DNA repair pathway gene mutations showed significant associations with shorter PFS for patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors are the standard of care for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer. This retrospective study reports on genomic biomarkers of CDK 4/6i resistance utilizing genomic data acquired through routine clinical practice. Patients with HR+ MBC treated with palbociclib, ribociclib, or abemaciclib and antiestrogen therapy were identified. Patients were grouped into early (<6 months); intermediate (6–24 months for 0–1 lines; 6–9 months for ≥2 lines); or late progressors (>24 months for 0–1 lines; >9 months PFS for ≥2 lines). NGS and RNA sequencing data were analyzed in association with PFS, and survival analysis was stratified by prior lines of chemotherapy. A total of 795 patients with HR+ MBC treated with CDK 4/6i were identified. Of these, 144 (18%) patients had genomic data and 29 (3.6%) had RNA data. Among the 109 patients who received CDK4/6i as 1st- or 2nd-line therapy, 17 genes showed associations with PFS (p-value ≤ 0.15 and HR ≥ 1.5 or HR < 0.5). Whole transcriptome RNAseq was analyzed for 24/109 (22%) patients with 0–1 prior lines of therapy and 56 genes associated with PFS (HR ≥ 4 or HR ≤ 0.25 and FDR ≤ 0.15). In this retrospective analysis, genomic biomarkers including FGFR1 amplification, PTEN loss, and DNA repair pathway gene mutations showed significant associations with shorter PFS for patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy.


The superposition method was introduced to calculate the stress intensity factor for center-cracked stiffened sheets of aircraft structure with center stiffener intact or broken using closed form solutions from literatures. The analysis results were verified through comparison with those of finite element analysis. And this computation procedure of stress intensity analysis was incorporated into a fatigue crack growth model and used to predict the fatigue crack growth life to evaluate the damage tolerance behaviors according to different design configurations of stiffened sheet. The analysis results of fatigue crack growth life were also compared to the experimental results.


Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invas ive method of studies of the blood volume pulsation s by detections and temporal analysis of the tissue b ack-scattered or transmitted optical radiation. It provides a quality assessment of changes in cutaneous blood vo lume. . The recorded PPG signal acquired using PPG sensors are usually corrupted with Motion Artifacts (MA) due to the voluntary or involuntary movements of patient. The identification and elimination of MA h as received much attention in the literature over r ecent years. Traditionally, signal processing for PulseOximeter (PPG waveforms) consisted of a time domain Weighted Moving Average (WMA) of source absorption ratios to compute blood oxygenation. This method however, suffers from in-consistent measurements du e to motion artifact which is the Gaussian random noise and fails under low perfusion states in disead condition. In this work wavelet denoising metho d is used to remove the motion artifact and found to be the better method compare to the methods used traditionally in pulse oximeter. Key Terms: Biomedical signals; PPG; Motion artifa ct; Wavelet transform; Additive White Gaussian Nois e Model (AWGN)


The k-means initialization technique for a wireless sensor network is a newly emerging area for researchers. There are many constraints in designing the wireless sensor network. The primary constraint is energy consumption. Clustering is used for improving the lifetime of the system by reducing the power consumption. The most popular clustering technique is k-means algorithm but it exhibits local minima problem due to initial center selection. This paper provides the comprehensive survey of different initialization techniques such as Uniform Sampling, Random Sampling, k-means++ and Density based initialization. The above comparison has been made by taking the account of energy consumption and the lifetime of the wireless sensor network.


A seven-month-old male Asian baby presented with headache and a large right parietal scalp hematoma after falling from a bed onto a wooden floor. The infant was previously well, born via non-traumatic vaginal delivery following uneventful pregnancy. Normal developmental and growth milestones were met. On examination, Glasgow Coma Scale was 15 with no neurological deficits. In accordance with local guidelines, the infant was investigated via low-dose computed tomography (CT) scan of the head. This showed a right-sided linear non-depressed skull fracture with normal intracranial appearances, seen in a volume-rendered 3D-CT scan (Figure 1). This was managed conservatively via overnight admission to a pediatric unit for observation, and discharged home at 24 hours with post-head injury advice for his parents. Isolated bilateral symmetrical occipital perforations were noted as an incidental finding. The foramina could be palpated gently without discomfort, and were not visibly pulsatile. The volume rendered 3D-CT scan shows full thickness bilateral 6 mm circular foramina with smooth contours in the occipital bone (closed arrows), each 25 mm from the midline (Figure 1). At final follow-up, the infant was well, all scalp


A new channeled-substrate (GaAl)As double-heterostructure (DH) visible laser on p-GaAs, called a V-channeled Substrate Inner Stripe (VSIS) laser, has been developed. A built-in optical waveguide and internal current confinement are realized in the structure. The lasers with emission wavelength of 760-790 nm reproducibly provide a single mode operation up to 20 mW/facet cw. For (GaAl)As visible lasers, Te is usually used as a dopant in the n-type cladding layer. This Te, however, is found to lower the reliability of the conventional oxide-stripe lasers where the active layer is deposited on the Te doped n-type cladding layer, even when the Te concentration is lower than 5 × 1017cm-3. On the other hand, the n-type cladding layer is grown on the active layer in the VSIS laser. Consequently, the degradation which arises from the rather poor quality of the Te doped cladding layer is suppressed in the VSIS laser although the Te concentration is as high as 1 × 1018cm-3. The VSIS lasers with\lambda \sim 770nm have been continuously operating with almost no degradation for 2000 hours at 10 mW/ facet (5 mW/µ m) operation at 50 °C up to the present.


The hierarchy of Symbolic Transition Systems, introduced by Henzinger, Majumdar and Raskin, is an elegant classification tool for some families of infinite-state operational models that support some variants of a symbolic "backward closure" verification algorithm. It was first used and illustrated with families of hybrid systems. In this paper we investigate whether the STS hierarchy can account for classical families of infinite-state systems outside of timed or hybrid systems.


Finite element modeling of bus frame was established by using finite element methods,after the simplified load and load way exerting on the frame were ensured,the static strength,rigidity,mode characteristics of the bus frame were discussed,at the same time,the dynamic characteristics were analyzed.The result expatiated that this bus frame model met with the design requirement,the frame overall stress level was low under load force,but local stress was close to the material yield stress,these results provided fundamental basis for optimization of the frame design.


An acidic solution of silico-formic acid is obtained by adding a solution of silico-formic acid in a dilute alkali metal hydroxide solution or an alkali metal silico-formate solution slowly into an acid solution. The pH must remain below 5.


What does the Financial Services Authority (FSA) mean by risk‐based regulation and why have it? If the regulator adopts such an approach, how should the firms it regulates react? This paper outlines the risk‐based approach taken in the UK by the FSA and outlines strategies to cope with this type of approach. The paper also argues that in light of developments such as Basel such risk‐based approaches by regulators are here to stay and will become increasingly popular. The paper suggests that as well as establishing a riskbased approach, regulators should seek to make the system transparent and to invite comment on it.


The optimal design of batch plants considering scheduling effects gives us savings of capital cost. Using a nonlinear programming formulation, which includes zero wait scheduling policy with cleanup and transfer times, we propose a method to obtain the optimum size and production sequence. The effectiveness of this method is verified by solving two problems.


This paper proposes a decentralized control strategy to assign tasks to Autonomous Guided Vehicles (AGV) and coordinate their paths to avoid deadlock and collisions. We consider a zone-controlled guidepath network where a set of intelligent vehicles (agents) has to autonomously reach a consensus about the distribution of a set of tasks, i.e., a set of zones to be reached. To this aim the agents apply a discrete consensus algorithm in order to locally minimize the global cost for reaching the destination zone. Moreover, we present a decentralized coordination protocol that is based on a zone-controlled approach with the aim of avoiding deadlock and collisions.


The present invention relates to a 3D-printed myoelectric hand prosthesis with improved thumb movement, which comprises a plurality of mechanisms that provide independent movement to each finger and allow same to be fitted to any size of prosthesis, maintaining the strength and speed of the movements. Advantageously, the prosthesis of the present invention also allows the opposition of the thumb to the other fingers and the subterminolateral (key grip) opposition of the thumb, thereby providing a functionality closer to that of a human hand.


There is immense controversy on the variable cooling water flow systems.Through the product selection,the author analyzed the influence of cooling water temperature,discussed the influence of measuring the energy saving of variable cooling water system with IPLV,and verified the feasibility of the calculation method of energy saving proposed in literature[6] through practical examples.


This paper presents the first high resolution temperature data from a small Agrostis magellanica mire on subantarctic Marion Island as part of an ongoing island‐wide monitoring project on subsurface ground temperature variability. Variations in ground temperatures were found to be directly linked to the passage of synoptic scale weather systems that influence thermal characteristics and heat fluxes especially in the upper 30 cm of the mire. Preliminary data published here suggest that shallow temperatures will be most affected by changes in synoptic climate that Marion Island is currently experiencing with an increase in average temperatures and a reduction in temperature variability with depth. This study proposes that to effectively detect the ecosystem responses to climate change in a maritime sub‐Antarctic environment the temporal scale of measurement needs to be at least on a diurnal scale to be effective. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


(A) from about 10% to about 35 wt% HFC-32; (b) about 10% to about 35 wt% of HFC-125; (c) HFO-1234ze to about 20 wt% to about 50 wt% , HFO-1234yf, and combinations thereof; (d) HFC-134a of about 15 wt% to about 35 wt%; and optionally (e) from about 10 weight percent of .BACKGROUND


In order to improve both microstructure and performance of lead-free solders,the effect of rotary magnetic field on the microstructure and microhardness of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu and Sn-9Zn solders was investigated with the magnetic field of 0.125 T and 1 250 r/min.The results show that the rotary magnetic field has no influence on the phase constituent of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu and Sn-9Zn solders,but can significently change the size,shape and distribution of phases in the solders.Moreover,the bend of partial Ag3Sn phase occurs,and the Zn-rich phase gets refined and distributes in certain rotational shape.Compared with the solders without imposing magnetic field,the microhardness of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu and Sn-9Zn solders subjected to rotary magnetic field increases 15.6% and 10.2%,and reaches 24.5 and 19.3 HV,respectively.The Lorentz force between the rotary magnetic field and induced current shows the tendency to drive the movement of molten solders with electromagnetic field,which will affect the solidification microstructure and microhardness of the solders.


Spatiotemporal behaviors of meteorological droughts are basic for understanding the development and driving forces of droughts. Currently, there are a limited number of approaches mainly used to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of large‐scale soil moisture/hydrological drought events at global or continental scales. These behavior description approaches on the spatiotemporal dynamics of drought are not perfect and should be improved further. To this end, a new approach was proposed to investigate the migration of meteorological droughts based on topological spatial relations. It was used to identify drought clusters, migration trajectories, and migration directions of meteorological droughts. In the Poyang Lake basin (24°29′ to 30°04′N, 113°34′ to 118°28′E), China, monthly precipitation data were available from 1960 to 2007. The one‐month standardized precipitation index was used to characterize meteorological droughts. The proposed approach identified a total of 77 drought events and 454 drought clusters during the study period. Their drought centroids were tracked and analyzed. The migration distances of drought events exhibited a significant linear relationship with the drought duration (R2 > 0.8, slope of 165 km per month). More than 70% of drought events had a migrating displacement greater than 1° (approximately 100 km). These results indicated that the meteorological drought events traveled actively and occurred on a widespread basis in the basin. Moreover, two main patterns of drought cluster migration (northward and southward) were identified. The approach and findings can provide some important implications to investigate the migration of meteorological droughts in other regions.


The paper substantiates the relevance of studying the characteristics of a creative personality and analyzes the significance of three basic conditions of scientific and techno-logical progress: the general level of development of science and technology, social conditions, and the influence of the creative personality of a scientist, an inventor. The spe-cific historical nature of their interaction and interrelation is emphasized. The importance of such creative personalities as M.K. Yangel, S.P. Korolev, V.N. Chelomey is highlighted. The study analyzes S.P. Korolev, his creative and organizational skills in detail, emphasizes his contribution to the development of the rocket and space industry. It is noted that the image of a creative personality is diverse, unique and represents an in-dividual unity of various qualities. However, this direction in the Russian scientific litera-ture has not been thoroughly studied, which makes it difficult to develop methodological approaches to the study of creative activity. Of particular interest is foreign practice, where creative groups are an important link in creative activity and its activation. Two main and opposite methods of forms of organization and work of creative groups at in-dustrial enterprises in France are presented. A distinctive feature of creative groups is that the forms of organization and work allow participants even with average abilities to generate creative ideas. Recommendations are given on the use of foreign experience of creative groups in domestic practice, which is a certain novelty of this paper.


Shadows and Smoke is a story by Akhileshwari Anand Raj. A twisted take on modern day relationships and expression of emotion, which is hardly befitting.


As the voltage source converters (VSCs) are widely used as the important interface between the new energy applications and the power systems, the transient characteristics of VSC have great influence on the operation of the modern power systems. In this paper, internal voltage concept is introduced to represent the external characteristics of VSC. The amplitude/frequency characteristics of VSC internal voltage under non-severe grid fault and severe grid fault are analyzed and compared. The results show that under non-severe grid fault, the amplitude/frequency characteristics of VSC internal voltage are periodic time-varying. And the amplitude and frequency are the linear combination of modes of the close-loop system, while in severe grid fault, the characteristics of amplitude and frequency are aperiodic time-varying and are decided by the modes and the nonlinear elements. The results and conclusion are validated in Matlab/Simulink.


8267 Background: The provision of supportive cancer care remains problematic. 40% of patients report unmet needs for information, emotional/psychological supports, social and physical/symptom needs...


Surface meltwater can refreeze within firn layers and crevasses to warm ice through latent-heat transfer on decadal to millennial timescales. Earlier work posited that the consequent softening of the ice might accelerate ice flow, potentially increasing ice-sheet mass loss. Here, we calculate the effect of meltwater refreezing on ice temperature and softness in the Pâkitsoq (near Swiss Camp) and Jakobshavn Isbrae regions of western Greenland using a numeric model and existing borehole measurements. We show that in the Jakobshavn catchment, meltwater percolation within the firn warms the ice at depth by 3-5°C. By contrast, meltwater refreezing in crevasses (cryo-hydrologic warming) at depths of ~300 m warms the ice in Pâkitsoq by up to 10°C, but this causes minimal increase in ice motion (<10 m a-1). Pâkitsoq is representative of western Greenland's land-terminating ice, where the slow movement of ice through a wide ablation zone provides ideal conditions for cryo-hydrologic warming to occur. We find that only ~37% of the western Greenland ice flux, however, travels through such areas. Overall, our findings suggest that cryo-hydrologic warming will likely have only a limited effect on the dynamic evolution of the Greenland ice sheet.


There is a paucity of information on the relationships between modern (i.e., released in or after 1978) and historically obsolete cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars with respect to their ability to yield when grown in the presence of high levels of tobacco budworm (TBW), Heliothis virescens F. The objective of this study was to compare 18 cultivars of cotton developed between 1890 and 1986 for ability to yield when grown with and without TBW infestations. This comparison was accomplished by growing cultivars for 2 yr under two regimes: (i) artificial infestation with TBW (w/TBW) and (ii) complete control of all insect pest (w/o TBW)


The Retinopathy of the Prematurity is one of the main complications of the administration of Oxygen in the premature patients ( > in the period from February to the August 2015. The study population was constituted by all the newborn babies submitted to Oxygen therapy, to whom later previous dilation evaluated them by means of Examination of Fund of Indirect Eye pupillary in the Service of Ophthalmology. The sample was 27 neonates; the information compilation was carried out across the case histories review. The information was deposited in a database of Microsoft Excel and it analyzed by simple and inferential statistics. The retinopathy Incidence was 25 %, with an average from 1 until 3 weeks of administration of oxygen be already for mechanical ventilation, Cephalic Chamber or continuous positive Pressure in the airline, of such a percentage the Grade I of retinopathy was the most representative with 70,38%. Keywords: Prematurity, Low Birth Weight, Retinopathy of the Prematurity, Incidence, Factors of Risk, Mechanical Ventilation.


The readers of this journal do not need me to tell them about the public health importance of alcohol and other substance abuse. This Commentary accompanies a Research Paper also published in Addic...


Osteoma is the most frequent benign tumor of paranasal sinuses. Usually osteomas are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally during radiological imaging for other reasons. A giant osteoma with intraorbital extension is rare. Plain radiograph may be useful; however CT scan is the best modality of investigation for diagnosing and treatment planning. In asymptomatic osteomas, serial follow-up can be done. Surgery is performed in the presence of symptoms and signs. We report a case of 60 years old woman with a large osteoma of right ethmoid sinus extending into the ipsilateral orbital cavity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v14i1.20925 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(1) 2015 p.95-97


Having spent time examining primary care training in a number of countries outside the UK, there does seem to be less emphasis on clinical skills …


A slurry supplying device and a slurry applying equipment having the same are provided to reduce delay time by using hydraulic pressure, to improve response property, and to restrain the decrease of operation speed generated if the quantity of slurry is increased due to fast application. A slurry supplying device is composed of a slurry storing tank(123); a three-way discharge control valve; a pump(124) for supplying slurry(116) of the slurry storing tank to the three-way discharge control valve; a hydraulic driving unit for driving the three-way discharge control valve; a slot die(112) connected with a supply outlet of the three-way discharge control valve to apply the slurry on a base material; and a hydraulic actuator for driving the three-way discharge control valve.


In order to study the characteristics of the state-of-art Brake-by-Wire(BBW)systems,the structure and model of the electromechanical brake(EMB)actuator was discussed.Then,in terms of the nonlinear properties of the braking process and the complexity of road conditions,the dynamics of quarter vehicle was presented.Finally,to regulate the slip-ratio of the vehicle under brake while making use of the friction provided by the road,a sliding mode controller(SMC),which was able to control chatter,was designed and computer simulation was studied under Matlab/Simulink.The results have shown the feasibility of the proposed sliding mode controller,and its comparison with PID controller has demonstrated its advantages over PID controller.


In this time of great enthusiasm for international commerce, it is almost unseemly to remind that international litigation can be fiendishly complicated and expensive.1 Even more unwelcome is the reminder that once a judgment is obtained, collection may also be complicated and expensive-if not impossible. Although these reminders are not welcome among polite company, they go to the heart of what it means to live in a world of "shrinking borders," since an unenforceable international bargain is really no bargain at all.2 Knowledge of the law of judgment collection-or, more bluntly, being able to answer a debtor's taunting postjudgment question, "what now?"-is an indispensable asset in the modern international legal arena.3 International Execution Against Judgment Debtors. By Center for International Legal Studies (Dennis Campbell & Suzanne Rodriguez eds.). Dobbs Ferry, NY: Oceana Publications, Inc., 1998. 2 loose-leaf volumes. Preface, Introduction, Chs. (60). I. International Execution Against Judgment Debtors4 may be as graceful an introduction to the thorny problems of international judgment collection as can be written. Following a brief introduction on the theoretical problems of international judgment recognition,5 the two-volume treatise contains chapters about foreign judgment collection law in sixty different jurisdictions.6 The great majority of chapters are written by an attorney or judge from that country.7 The book is printed in loose-leaf format to allow for frequent updates about this evolving area of the law.8 The substantive presentation is well-organized and thorough. The chapter on France provides a good example of the structure and scope of the book.9 Following a brief introduction, it describes the applicable international treaties to which France is a party, focusing on the Brussels and Logano Conventions.10 It then explains the substantive requirements for recognition imposed by French law about judicial review of the foreign court's jurisdiction, choice of law, and procedure, with descriptions of the leading French case authorities.11 A description of the procedure to obtain recognition follows,12 and a brief note on enforcement concludes the chapter.13 With appendices, the chapter runs thirtyfive pages. This basic format and length are typical of all sections of the book. The tone is remarkably pleasant for a topic so steeped in acrimony. The chapter authors have been given wide stylistic latitude, and this leeway, in addition to contributing to readability, lets each author develop important points about the national legal culture.14 The section on Saudi Arabian law, for example, gives a forthright explanation of the significance of the Koranic verse, "[a]nd never will God grant to the unbelievers a way (to triumph) over the believers," to that nation's distrust of foreign judgments.15 The section on Russia begins by observing that under Soviet rule "the interaction between Russia's legal system and foreign legal systems was reduced to a minimum;"16 not coincidentally, Russia's recognition of foreign arbitral awards traces to two 1993 laws.17 The otherwise lengthy18 section on Canada succinctly states: "[A]ll judgments rendered outside Quebec are considered foreign."19 The number of countries included is truly remarkable, particularly in the inclusion of former Iron Curtain countries such as Russia, Poland, and Romania.20 The European Community receives three chapters so that a number of new laws can be reprinted in full.21 There is even a chapter about the tiny Channel Island state of Jersey.22 The book's omission of Mexico, which like many of the Latin American countries included faces a fascinating conflict between historic nationalism and an internationalizing world economy,23 is particularly surprising in light of this breadth. Hopefully, future revisions will remedy this omission.24 The sweeping scope of the treatise makes it a clear leader in the field. …


The new energy vehicle (NEV) product subsidy policy did not achieve a satisfactory effect on encouraging enterprise R&D as the government ignored the consumer technology thresholds—the minimum requirements of NEV consumers on a specific technology or performance of NEV. We built a game model under subsidies among the government, NEV companies, and NEV consumers considering NEV consumer characteristics such as technology thresholds. We solved the optimal retreating product subsidy policy of the government. We also analyzed the incentive effect, efficiency, and application scope of product subsidy policies and the impacts of the technology thresholds on them. We found that the government should subsidize NEV firms with medium R&D ability and encourage them to upgrade NEV technical level to the upper limit in the current stage or the highest level under financial constraints. The government should gradually reduce the unit subsidy until withdrawn with the improvement of the R&D ability of NEV firms. The technology thresholds increase the optimal unit subsidy and decrease the subsidy efficiency. Furthermore, the retreating policy is a cherry-picking subsidy method that causes companies with lower R&D ability to drop R&D.


The University of Missouri research reactor (MURR) facility is located in Research Park, 1 mile south of the Columbia campus. The reactor is a 10-MW pressurized loop, in-pool-type, light-water-moderated, beryllium-and-graphite-reflected core, serviced by six radial beam tubes for research, and has sample irradiation facilities in both a flux trap and in the graphite region. The reactor operates at full power 150 h/week, 52 week/yr, making it one of the best operating schedules and the most extensively used of any university research reactor. This extensive utilization includes many programs, such as radioisotope applications, neutron activation analysis, etc., that depend heavily on fume hoods, glove boxes, and hot cells that put a tremendous demand on the exhaust system. The exhaust system is required to be operable whenever the reactor is operating and must have the capability of being operated from an emergency electrical generator on loss of site electrical power. The originally installed exhaust ventilation system was below needed capacity and, with increased program requirements and system age, the necessity to upgrade the system was paramount. The challenge was to complete the upgrade construction while continuing to operate the reactor and maintain all the other ongoing programs, rather than take the easymore » way of an extended shutdown. This paper discusses how MURR met this challenge and solved these problems, problems that are similarly experienced by almost all research reactors to some degree when major work is required on critical systems.« less


A low-power frequency divider (divide-by-8) is described which operates up to frequencies in excess of 20 GHz with a supply voltage of 2.7 V. The circuit is implemented in a standard bipolar Silicon technology with a maximum f/sub T/ of 37 GHz. The total power dissipation is 57 mW, with 11 mW dissipated in the first divider stage. An innovative implementation of a Toggle flip-flop enables the input sensitivity to be adapted as a function of the input frequency, extending the operation range with respect to standard techniques. An AC simulation model for evaluation of the high frequency performance as a function of design parameters is introduced.


The traditional thought of moral government, which is an important part in traditional Chinese culture, contains a lot of valuable things that we should carry forward and promote. The thought of running a country has an important practical significance in our carrying out the approach of "running a country with morality" , strengthening the cadres construction in thought and morality and promoting the moral construction of citizens and actually implementing the important thought of "Three Representatives".


INTRODUCTION Since 1949, when Hench and Kendall introduced the use of cortisone and hydrocortisone, a voluminous literature has accumulated concerning the employment of these agents in allergic diseases. Steroid therapy requires careful thought in view of the evidence that long term treatment can react adversely on the pituitaryadrenal axis. Nevertheless, an injectable steroid may be used in the treatment of chronic hay fever, and I have undertaken a trial in my own practice. In this small series of cases a study of the clinical effects, and a laboratory investigation of adrenal function are compared. Hay fever is a hypersensitive state characterised by hyperactivity of the body to contact with a foreign substance in an amount which would not disturb a nonallergic individual. Allergy is a chronic and progressive disease, but hypo. sensitisation in some way alters the basic hypersensitivity and thereby helps to prevent the allergic symptoms from being multiple. Total avoidance of exposure to the incriminating allergen is usually impossible as it is airborne and inhaled, so hyposensitisation is the more practicable treatment. However, not every chronic case responds to this desensitisation programme, and in addition, it is time consuming for the patient and doctor alike, and new methods have to be explored which may be more efficacious. Hay fever has been treated with a variety of adrenocorticosteroids. Much research has been performed to develop new adrenocorticosteroids which would possess greater biological activity and maintain an adequate ratio of glucocorticoid to mineralocorticoid activity. Alterations in the chemical configurations of the steroid nucleus and its chains produced triamcinolone. 16 a hydroxlyation markedly decreased mineralocorticoid activity and abolished the sodium retaining properties of 9 a fluorosteroids without destroying their glucocorticoid activity. It is one and a half to two times more potent than prednisolone. The greater therapeutic activity of triamcinolone is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in production of adverse effects. Triamcinolone Acetonide (the corticosteroid used in this trial) suppresses the clinical manifestation of hay fever and affords symptomatic relief. The mechanism of action is not entirely clear. In allergic conditions the union of antigen and antibody acts as a stress and either alone, or with the stress stimuli, e.g., psychogenic influences or infection, causes a liberation of histamine, acetyl choline, serotonin, and unknown substances which trigger allergic tissue responses. The exact mode of action is not clearly understood. It is suggested that they act locally upon the sensitised tissue cells, decrease the reactivity of the shock organs to specific antigens and stress and suppress local tissue responses rendering the cells less subject to injury. They increase permeability


—The major task for universities is to thoroughly assess their performance, pinpoint their distinctiveness, and devise strategies for future growth and success. The educational system is aware of the potential for machine learning to significantly enhance the performance. The ability to predict student performance with a high degree of accuracy is helpful because it allows for the early identification of children who do poorly academically. In order to increase the performance of the students prediction is used to analyse how well the students are studying. In this paper we proposed the student performance prediction system using Machine Learning. The model is trained and tested with data-set using different algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine and K-Nearest Neighbor were evaluated from among the various machine learning techniques to forecast and evaluate their performance in terms of accuracy and compared the accuracy of all algorithms used. Among three algorithms Support Vector Machine outperformed with 84% as accuracy.


We have measured the spectral momentum density p(E,q} of graphite by (e,2e) spectroscopy for momentum parallel and perpendicular to the crystal e axis. In the independent-electron approximation, p(E, q}=go ~ U"(G) ~ 25(q —lt —G)5(E —E(t}}where the one-electron wave function is %"(rl=e'"' go U"(G)e'o' and G is a reciprocal-lattice vector. The measurements covered a range of momentum parallel to the c axis equal to 0& ~ q ~ & 1.84 A and a range of momentum perpeno ] dicular to the c axis equal to 0( ~ q ~ (2.35 A . The energy range spanned the valence band of graphite from 4.4 eV above the Fermi energy to 27.6 eV below the Fermi energy. The momentum resolution was OA7 and 0.73 A (full width at half maximum) for momentum parallel and perpendicular to the c axis, respectively. The energy resolution was 8.6 eV. The maximum coincidence rate was -0.02 counts/sec, The band structure Eik} and spectral density


Kenya indigenous goat breeds ( Capra hircus ) have not been accurately described. Therefore, there is threat of erosion of unique genotypes such as those associated with adaptability and disease resistance, through indiscriminate crossbreeding. The Kenyan goats classification based on phenotype/morphology identifies three breeds: Small East African (SEA) goats, the Galla goat and crosses of SEA and the Galla. In the present study, we sampled goats from two main geographic regions of Kenya with pastoralist communities, the Maasai and Somali/Boran. DNA was extracted from whole blood and polymerase chain reaction amplified using primers flanking a fragment of Cytocrome-b and D-loop regions of mitochondria DNA. The sequences derived were analysed both within Kenya goat populations and also compared with phylogeographic-related datasets. These data show that the majority of Kenyan indigenous goats are not distinct and their genetic structure is very diverse; however, distinct haplogroups were present. Genetic diversity showed weak positive in Tajima D test for Kenyan indigenous goats, while the Iberian/Mediterranean/Middle-East dataset had a more pronounced negative value indicating that the two populations are under different selection pressure. These analyses enabled phylogenetic relationships between and within species and the comparisons of local goats to related breeds geographically. The information can be applied management of conservation-guided breeding programmes by crossing the indigenous breed's unique genes with high productivity traits from another source.


1. CALL TO ORDER 2. DECLARATIONS OF PECUNIARY INTEREST 3. PUBLIC MEETINGS Nil 4. DELEGATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS Nil. 5. MINUTES FROM ADVISORY COMMITTEES 5.1. Town of Bracebridge and Gol Kommune Norway Friendship Committee – February 8, 2019 That the minutes from the Gol Kommune Norway Friendship Committee meeting held on February 8, 2019 be received. 5.2. Oakley Village Square Advisory Committee Minutes – February 11, 2019 That the minutes from the Oakley Village Square Advisory Committee meeting held on February 11, 2019, be received. 6. NEW BUSINESS 6.1. Use of Delegated Authority for Acquisition of Real Property in 2018 (CS007-19) That Staff Report CS007-19 regarding the use of delegated authority for acquisition of real property in 2018 be received for information purposes. 6.2. Update to Dog Control By-Law (CS008-19) That the proposed amendments to Dog Control By-Law 2013-078 contained in Appendix "A" to Staff Report CS008-19 be approved. 6.3. Updated Accessible Parking Space By-Law (CS009-19) 1. That the draft "Accessible Parking Space By-Law" attached as Appendix "A" to Staff Report CS009-19 be approved subject to any minor technical amendments required by the Ontario Court of Justice. 2. That the recommended short form wording and set fines for by-law offences as contained on Schedule "B" of the draft "Accessible Parking Space By-Law" be submitted to the Ontario Court of Justice for review and approval.