Herein, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) acts as a host matrix for manganese-nickel ferrite (Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4) nanoparticles (NPs). Oxalate precursors and a solution-cast method were used to produce a Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4 spinel structure and PVA-Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4 films, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy (OM), a surface roughness tester, and FT-IR spectroscopy were used to identify the structure and morphology of the PVA-Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4 films. XRD confirmed the formation of Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4 spinel, and its additive into the PVA matrix causes an increase in the PVA amorphousity. The PVA-Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4 film's transmission and absorption spectra were recorded with the help of a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The addition of 4%Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4 to PVA resulted in a decrease in the optical bandgap from 5.53 eV to 4.83 eV. The Urbach energy increases from 0.46 eV for pure PVA to 2.14 eV for PVA-4%Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4, indicating a rise in the defect density. In addition, the refractive index and extinction coefficient were calculated theoretically and were found to increase as the Mn0.4Ni0.6Fe2O4 content increases in the PVA matrix.


Introduction: Predicting disease progression and mortality in COPD is difficult, however some prediction tools exist (e.g. Gold Standard Framework [GSF]). There is evidence that patients with COPD would prefer not to die in hospital, however the proportion of patients dying at home with COPD in our locality is lower than the national/regional average. This project sought to identify inpatients in the last 12 months of life to allow more patients to die out of hospital. Methods: A 'GSF Multi-disciplinary Team' consisting of community and secondary care staff was setup on the respiratory wards. Inpatients were discussed weekly to ascertain whether GSF criteria were met to discuss advanced care planning and preferred place of death with patients and their families. Discussions and actions were communicated to Primary Care at discharge. Date and place of death were retrospectively collected. Results: 115 discussions (88 patients) took place of which 83 (72%) fulfilled GSF criteria. Of the 88 patients, 25(28%) had no further admissions, 23(26%) had 1 admission, 15(18%) had 2 admissions and 25(28%) had ≥ 3 admissions. 65% died in hospital. Median survival following discussion in the GSF meeting was 15 weeks (range 1-60 weeks). Conclusions: The majority of patients admitted with COPD to a respiratory ward meet GSF criteria and have a poor prognosis. We found that an MDT approach using GSF criteria to predict mortality at 12 months was accurate. Comparing deaths out of hospital (35%) to a pre project audit (18%) has demonstrated that by working in this way and initiating discussions about advanced care planning around the time of admission, resulted in a reduction in deaths in hospital.


Evolution Strategies and some continuous domain Estimation of Distribution Algorithms are stochastic optimization procedures based on sampling multivariate Gaussian (normal) distributions. They can be formulated in a common, unified, but still very simple framework. Such a framework is very useful to understand subtle differences of algorithms.
 This tutorial focuses on the most important question: how to chose and update the sample distribution parameters. The most common and successful approaches are reviewed. Covered methods include self-adaptation, success rules, path length control, Covariance Matrix Adaptation CMA), and Estimation of Multivariate Normal Algorithm (EMNA).
 Methods are motivated with respect to the difficulties one has to face when solving continuous domain non-linear, non-convex optimization problems. Specific problem difficulties will be discussed, for example ill-conditioning and non-separability.


• First Step Act (2018) reduces minimum sentencing for populations such as nonviolent drug offenders.2 • Majority released to unsafe areas due to shortage of affordable housing. 3 • Insecure housing and homelessness are related to increased: • Recidivism4; Emergency room use5; Substance use 6; Unstable family relationships7; Mental health (MH) problems.7 • Programs included in this review focused on work (8/13 articles), social participation (3/13 articles), IADL (13/13 articles), leisure (1/13 articles), and education (2/13 articles)


Sleepiness at workplace, the biological drive to sleep, has a highly negative impact on employees'
working behavior in organizations. Recently, this phenomenon has attached more and more attention
in the management filed; and it has attracted much attention of researchers from other
fields, such as management and psychology. By reviewing and analyzing the previous studies, this
paper clarifies the concepts of sleepiness in the workplace, and then delineates the causes and effects
of sleepiness in the workplace. Through the organizational understanding of the relevant
causes of sleepiness, some intervention measures which can mitigate companies' sleepiness situation
will be put forward. Finally, the paper has an outlook about the future researches of sleepiness
at workplace.


Introduction. Aging is a complex physiological process and its main feature is the progressive loss of functionality, which is possible to delay or attenuate, improving physical fitness. Objective. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between leg strength and muscle cross-sectional area of the quadriceps femoral with the physical activity level in elderly. Materials and methods. Thirty-two people over 80 years (men: 82.80 ± 2.09 years; women: 83.77 ± 4.09 years) functionally autonomous participated in this study.  Were used Barthel Index, the Yale Physical Activity Survey and Chair Stand Test (ChT). Results . There are significant differences between sexes in muscle area (AMusc) (p <0.001) in the ChT (p = 0.028) and walk index (WI) (p = 0.029), with higher values in men. The AMusc and ChT correlate significantly with WI (r = 0.445, p <0.005, r = 0.522, p <0.001, respectively) and total weekly activity index (TWAI) (r = 0.430, p <0.005, r = 0.519, p <0.001, respectively). In the multiple linear regression models between the TWAI with AMusc and ChT, only ChT showed as a predictor variable. Conclusions . Muscle strength and muscle mass of quadriceps show a significant association with the physical activity level in older people. Leg muscle strength is useful to reveal muscle mass and physical activity level in older people, which is relevant as clinical practice indicator.


An electron assisted chemical vapor deposition (EA-CVD) method was used to synthesize a uniform diamond thick film. The factors that influence the uniformity of quality and thickness of diamond thick films are methane concentration, gas pressure, bias current and the distance between filament and substrate. Results show that state of the glow discharge plasma plays an important role in the uniformity of quality and thickness of the (diamond) films. A larger filament-substrate distance, bigger bias current and lower gas pressure in the reactor can improve the state of the glow discharge plasma, resulting in an optimized uniform diamond thick film with dia ̄meter of 80mm, thickness of 1mm, and with a non-uniformity of thickness and thermal conductivity less than (5%) and 10%, respectively. The abrasiveness ratio, defined by the abrasive weight loss of a standard grinding wheel divided by the abrasive weight loss of the resultant diamond film, is about 1.5×10~5, which is same in the middle and edge of the sample.


SCOTLAND'S first three consultantnurses are to be in public health, midwifery and services for olderpeople. Two will be based in the Greater Glasgow Health Boardarea, the third in Forth Valley.


The variation shown by 60 characters (morphological, anatomical, embryological, chemical and cytological) is tabulated for the whole of the Ericaceae. The reliability of the characters and the observations on them are discussed, and it is emphasized that many characters are difficult to use because they are rarely restricted to one taxon. Six subfamilies are recognized. Within the Rhododendroideae seven tribes are recognized, the monogeneric Daboecieae being new; Epigaea is transferred to the Rhododendroideae from the Andromedeae and Diplarche from the Diapensiaceae. Calluna is placed in a new monotypic tribe within the Ericoideae. The extended Vaccinioideae includes the Arbutoideae; five tribes are recognized, of which the Enkiantheae and Cassiopeae are new. The Pyroloideae and Monotropoideae are left unchanged: a new subfamily, the Wittsteinioideae, includes the deviant monotypic genus Wittsteinia. A key to subfamilies, and to genera of the Pyroloideae, Rhododendroideae and superior-ovaried Vaccinioideae is given.


Manipulation of optical Tamm states (OTSs) near an interface between polar thin film and one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PhCs) provides a framework for confinement of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs). Here, we offer a lithography-free avenue to create structure for the realization of strong coupling between Tamm phonon polaritons (TPhPs) and epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) modes. Infrared reflectivity also reveals that the optical response of the hetero-stack can be combined with dual discrete absorption events, each associated with an individual ENZ mode. In the presence of external magnetic field, an alteration of the hybridization will be met, which enable an efficient way for the control of light-matter interaction at nanoscale in the mid-infrared (MIR) range.


Due to the development of E-commerce, phishing attacks are one of the major current cyber threats. Phishing attacks have become increasingly sophisticated and have exploited both individuals and organizations. For the enterprise, a successful duplicate phishing website may affect an organizations reputation or be the basis of a subdomain takeover attack. This latter attack can completely escape the detection of an SSL certificate and have a direct impact on the enterprise. A successful subdomain takeover attack has a higher threat level as a controllable subdomain owns the same SSL certificate with its parent website, and yet it does not require an advanced technical skill to exploit. In this paper, two techniques have been presented as potential solutions. One is a query approach based on machine learning for querying existing subdomains and the second is an auto-detection system to identify the potentially risky subdomains.


The slow recovery in pulsed drain current in AlGaN/GaN power HEMTs caused by high voltage stress during off-state becomes an important research topic in power electronic switching applications. To further investigate this phenomenon, the influence of gate drive towards the drain current recovery is investigated in this paper. The gate drive current can influence the de-trapping process along the AlGaN device surface, which then in turn affecting the 2DEG conductivity for the on-state current recovery. The analysis is made through the physical model and 2D T-CAD Sentaurus simulations, and verified by the experimental measurement. The proposed work is able to assist engineers in gate drive design for AlGaN/GaN power HEMT devices for fast pulsed current recovery in high-frequency switching.


The capacity of women who live in deep and long-term economic and social deprivation to be helped has rarely been examined from the point of view of the women. This paper describes narrative research on the experience of receiving assistance as it is perceived by women who participated in the Yachdav program and were helped by it. Fourteen interviews were analyzed according to the narrative approach and grounded theory. Three patterns of help reception were revealed: (a) The Calming Pattern, in which help is perceived as the possibility to escape—to relax and calm down, (b) The Empowerment Pattern, in which help is perceived as enabling the women to learn, to receive, and strengthen, and (c) The Re-Biography Pattern, in which assistance is perceived as bringing about a new self-awareness. These findings suggest the desirability of reconsidering presuppositions concerning the needs of this population and its capacity to be helped. The results also point to implications for practice and further research.


The error in the reconstructed data of a wavelet decomposition by using a finite number of taps in quadrature mirror filter (QMF) and the computational costs are analyzed in time (or space) domain in this paper. In order to avoid the reconstruction error based on the error analysis and the number of taps in QMF being set to three, two QMFs for wavelet decomposition and reconstruction are obtained. The derived mother wavelet is based on a modified Haar function. A pair of fast and parallel 2D digital wavelet multiresolution decomposition and reconstruction algorithms are presented in this paper. The computational costs and some characteristics of the algorithms are also studied.


T‐cell immunoglobulin‐ and mucin‐domain‐containing molecule‐3 (Tim‐3) mediates T‐cell suppression in various autoimmune diseases, such as chronic inflammatory liver disease. However, the regulatory effect of Tim‐3 on Th17 cells in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is incompletely understood. Here, we studied the expression and function of Tim‐3 in T cells in AIH patients and in a Con A (concanavalin A)‐induced mouse AIH model. We report that the frequency of CD4+Tim‐3+ T cells in peripheral blood samples of AIH patients was lower than that in the control group. The p38/MKP‐1 and p‐JNK pathways were activated, and the expression of interleukin‐17A protein was elevated in patients with AIH. Furthermore, the extent of pathological damage in the livers of mice with a blocked Tim‐3 signaling pathway (anti‐Tim‐3 group) was markedly increased and correlated with elevated alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. In addition, the frequency of CD4+ IL‐17+ T (Th17) cells in the anti‐Tim‐3 group was increased, while that in mice with blocked p38 activity was decreased. Finally, the expression of MKP‐1 (p‐p38) gradually increased in the control, Con A, and anti‐Tim‐3 groups, but the levels of interleukin‐17A were decreased in the p38‐blocked group. In summary, our results suggest that Tim‐3 suppresses AIH by regulating Th17 cells through the p38/MKP‐1 pathway.


The main bioinformatics resources relating to electro-localization of genes on NCBI was introduced in this paper.By using the gene of pancreatic ribonuclease as an example,several methods of electro-localization of genes by use of the relative resources on NCBI were discussed.


Electron localization in the dissociation of the symmetric linear molecular ion H-3(2+) is investigated. The numerical simulation shows that the electron localization distribution is dependent on the central frequency and peak electric field amplitude of the external ultrashort ultraviolet laser pulse. When the electrons of the ground state are excited onto the 2p sigma(2)Sigma(+)(u) by a one-photonprocess, most electrons of the dissociation states are localized at the protons on both sides symmetrically. Almost no electron is stabilized at the middle proton due to the odd symmetry of the wave function. With the increase of the frequency of the external ultraviolet laser pulse, the electron localization ratio of the middle proton increases, for more electrons of the ground state are excited onto the higher 3p sigma(2)Sigma(+)(u) state. 50.9% electrons of all the dissociation events can be captured by the middle Coulomb potential well through optimizing the central frequency and peak electric field amplitude of the ultraviolet laser pulse. Besides, a direct current (DC) electric field can be utilized to control the electron motions of the dissociation states after the excitation of an ultraviolet laser pulse, and 68.8% electrons of the dissociation states can be controlled into the middle proton.


A primer on ElderCare. Does the increasingly common situation at left describe an area of need that CPAs can fill? The AICPA special committee on assurance services believes it does. In its report on the future of assurance services, the committee identified ElderCare as a service opportunity that allows CPAs to help older people continue to live on their own when they can no longer completely care for themselves. (See sidebar, page 48.) For this vulnerable clientele CPAs can provide bookkeeping; supervise investments; arrange for medical or home care and transportation, consult on available community services; and assure family members that the elderly person is receiving services and maintaining property at a predetermined level. CPAs are seeking opportunities to expand the use of their unique skills at a time when the U.S. population is aging. Developing a service that meets the needs of older adults may prove to be a win/win use of these skills. To explore available opportunities in this area, CPAs need to understand some of the unique characteristics of older people, how services are delivered to this population and the crucial role CPAs can play in offering essential services to older Americans. WHO ARE THE ELDERLY? According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 1994 individuals 65 years of age and older represented about one-eighth of the U.S. population--approximately 33 million people. In 2011 the first of the baby boom generation will celebrate their 65th birthdays, marking the beginning of an unparalleled increase in the number of elderly persons living in the United States. Demographers estimate that by 2030 older adults will be about one-fifth of our population--about 70 million people. Reduced mortality also has contributed to the aging of the population. The U.S. Census Bureau says life expectancy has risen from 47 years in 1890 to over 75 years in 1990. As a result, the stage of life popularly described as "golden" now often exceeds 30 years. To more accurately depict the similarities and differences among older adults, gerontologists refer to specific age groups: the young-old (ages 65 to 74); the old-old (ages 75 to 84); and the oldest-of-old (ages 85 and up). In general, today's young-old are more likely to be living with a spouse and have more years of formal education, higher retirement income and fewer health problems than older age groups (see exhibit 1, page 45), enabling them to move into their later years with more resources than their predecessors. Persons in the old-old age group best represent our traditional image of older adults. These people are beginning to experience some of the loss associated with aging (declining health, death of a spouse). The majority are female, widowed, living alone and suffering multiple chronic health conditions. The oldest-of-old represent the fastest growing segment of the elderly population. Exhibit 1: Who Are the Elderly? Young-Old Old-Old Oldest-of-Old (65 to 74) (85 and up) Men 8,294,419 4,224,739 981,678 Women 10,438,790 6,768,672 2,493,769 Status Never married 4.7% 5.5% 6.4% Married 63.9% 44.0% 20.3% Widowed 23.7% 45.7% 70.3% Divorced/separated 7.7% 4.9% 3.1% Living alone 23.6% 38.1% 48.3% Health Mobility or self- care limitations 13.3% 25.8% 49.8% Alzheimer's disease or related disorder 3.0% 18.7% 47.2% Education Less than high school 40.8% 53.3% 61.6% High school graduate 31.7% 24.2% 18.4% At least some college 27.5% 22.5% 20.0% Individual Income Less than $20,000 75. …


The proposal is to design and implement a model with rules, policies and procedures that must be taken into account in the process of casualties executed, applied directly in the daily task that develops the National Insurance claims Management of People, General and Insurance heritage of Colombia Solidarity Cooperative entity consisting recover claims paid by the company.


The article provides information about problems that arise at the stage of design and technological manufacturing preparation and presents the way to improve the technical and economic indicators of the quality of complex products through the application of concurrent engineering technology.


Immunohistochemical studies on the nervous system,Hatschek's pit and other tissues of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri were performed by using rabbit anti-prolactin(human)polyclonal antibody and mouse anti-prolactin receptor(human)monoclonal antibody.The results showed that prolactin-like immunoreactive cells and prolactin receptor were extensively localized in the brain vesicle,nerve tube,Hatschek's pit,wheel organ,endostyle,digestive tract and gonads(ovary and testis).These observations support the view that prolactin is an ancient and highly conserved hormone.Double staining further revealed that the immunoreactivity of prolactin and its receptor co-existed in the cellular membrane and cytoplasm of the same oocytes and spermatogonia,primary and second spermatocytes as well as in Sertoli cells.The present data demonstrated for the first time that brain vesicle and Hatschek's pit and other tissues of amphioxus could synthesize and secrete prolactin.This suggests that prolactin may be involved in regulating metabolism,adaptation to the environment and gonadal development in amphioxus,as in other vertebrates.The present study provides new basic information on the endocrinology of Hatschek's pit and the origin and evolution of prolactin.


This paper analyses the impact of parametric uncertainties of a mobile robot kinematic model on velocity and pose estimation, providing models and quantifiable knowledge about them. Most works neglect how the uncertainty regarding the robot's construction aspects (such as wheels radii, the distance between them, and the robot's center of mass) affects both velocities and pose estimation. To help readers understand the influence of such parametric uncertainties, we performed experiments in a simulator and used the collected data on the proposed models. The paper also analyses how the magnitude of velocities considered by the controllers and the followed path can decrease or increase the impact of the parametric uncertainties. The proposed models and presented analysis help understanding the influence (isolated or simultaneous) of different sources of uncertainty in the robot's velocities and pose estimation. This knowledge can be applied to estimate uncertainties for localization methods based on data fusion, complementing or even avoiding the experimental procedures. Also, the development of controllers, robot simulators and new methodologies for parameters' calibration and the design and construction of new robots can also profit from the results presented in this paper.


Here, Annette Davies reviews the how and why of fluid assessments for patients with renal disease. She identifies important aspects of a patient's history in the assessment of fluid balance, describes the major techniques for the physical assessment that relate to fluid balance and lists relevant physiological data which help complete a patient's fluid balance assessment.


Background & objectives: Rodent species reported from Iran are subject of several studies, but the fauna called ectoparasite, infesting the rodents, along with their epidemic effects, are poorly known. In this study, ectoparasitic insect fauna of rodents found across the Iran were studied, to generate an annotated checklist of fleas and lice species. Methods: Several field expeditions focused on different habitats of northeastern Iran were conducted between January 2017 and May 2018. Rodent trapping was carried out using custom-made mesh live traps and "Faragir" live traps baited mainly with scorched sunflower and gourd seeds. The trapped rodents were examined for ectoparasites on their body, and then released at their trapping point. The rodents and ectoparasite species were identified based on available keys. Results: A total of 217 rodents belonging to 16 species of the families Calomyscidae, Cricetidae, Dipodidae, Mu- ridae and Sciuridae were captured. Five species of each fleas and lice were collected from the body of the trapped rodents. Three flea species, Ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, Nosopsyllus iranus and Xenopsylla buxtoni; and two louse species, Polyplax gerbilli and P. spinulosa, were recorded for the first time. Interpretation & conclusion: The study generated an annotated checklist of 79 species of fleas and 8 species of lice harboured by different species of rodents distributed in Iran which would be helpful in different taxonomic studies such as parasite-host coevolution, and also sanitation and health monitoring programs.


There are abundant vision metaphorical expressions in both English and Chinese. But past relevant researches were only confined to a single language without a unified and systematic analytical framework. So this paper attempts to collect the vision metaphorical expressions in both English and Chinese so as to conduct a systematic analysis and comparison under a newly-established theoretical framework: Vision Conceptual Metaphorical Mechanism (VCM), which is mainly based on embodied philosophy and also the related theories in Cognitive Linguistics. Through the analysis of the 400 (200 from each language) vision metaphorical expressions, totally 48 vision conceptual metaphors (25 in Chinese and 23 in English) are generalized, which can be further classified into four categories: category of idea, category of judgment, category of expectation and category of behavior. It is concluded that English and Chinese people have lots of universality and diversity in vision conceptual metaphors.


Civic engagement and political participation among the US population are waning, and this is particularly apparent in the youngadult citizenry. This research paper seeks to assess which variables in civic education and the high school experience have the strongest impact on young adults' levels of civic engagement. By using a nationally representative sample of 4,483 young adults aged 18-24, this study employs multiple regression analyses to investigate the influence on civic education, classroom climate, extracurricular activities, and community service on respondents' civic engagement levels. The results indicate that high quality civic education, extracurricular activity involvement, and community service are significantly related to civic engagement levels. In particular, community service as a predictor, both when a volunteer activity and as a mandatory activity, were significant. The findings suggest that high quality civic education, rather than simply the quantity of classes taken, may be a more important factor in civic engagement. Additionally, the study indicates that out-of-classroom experiences can have a meaningful impact on young adults' levels of civic engagement. These findings can support educators and policymakers as they develop initiatives to improve political engagement among young adults.


I read with interest the article "Coping with Brain Disorders using Neurotechnology by Pedro A Valdes-Sosa" in by Pedro A Valdes-Sosa, published in the Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, Volume 19, Issue 1, 2012 (1), where the future of neuroinformatics was presented. I would like to highlight the use of primates in cognitive neurosciences, where the aims of cognitive neuroscience research are to improve understanding of normal and pathological functions and to develop therapeutic strategies and tools that eventually will help cure and control disease progression in humans. Cognitive neurosciences utilise a variety of elegant techniques including electrophysiology, magnetic resonance imaging, neuroinformatics, and computational modelling, and these techniques interact with clinical studies in a transdisciplinary manner. Non-human primates are probably the closest species to humans in terms of physiological, biological, and major neurological characteristics; these similarities provide a reason for utilising the non-human primates in important biomedical studies following the conventional ethics in animal research. The brains of non-human primates are like the human brain; they share similarities in terms of physiological characteristic and functioning. This makes non-human primates—for example, those found in Malaysia such as macaques (Macaca fascicularis)—accurate models of neurological as well as psychiatric diseases. Non-human primate models offer a unique contribution in the translation of fundamental research findings into clinical applications and in the development of new treatments for neurological diseases (2). Basic cognitive neuroscience aims to integrate cellular biology (neuron structure and functions) and experimental therapeutics for psychology, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology researches. The study of primates is also an area of interest in fundamental research that bridges the studies of rodent and human cognitive as well as physiological characteristics. Understanding visually based processes that rely on perception, learning, motor response, and behaviour as well as their relationships with regions of the primate brain is the focus of comparative neuroscientists in the next few years (3,4). The study of colour visual system has brought the interest of neuroscience and psychology researchers to explore how the colours can improve perception, learning, and memory retention in both human and non-human primates. Studies on how animal visual system reacts to a specific type of colour have revealed interesting findings similar to the visual pattern of interaction in human cognition system. Warm colours such as red or yellow were found to have greater impact on attention, which later lead to better retention of information (5). Besides the type of colour used, a recent research on this area has suggested that the combination of colours and the contrast level are also vital to produce such as an effect (5). A study by Osorio et al. (6) on colour and memory in chicks found better memory accuracy when the chicks were given attentive colour and higher level of contrast stimuli. The colour that was used to train the chicks was likely to be chosen in the test phase; the pattern with higher contrast was found to attract the chicks better than the familiar pattern that was used in training. A comparative study of non-human primate (6) also disclosed the similar pattern of interaction in higherlevel vision tasks such as visual recognition. An improvement of 6%–8% as well as impairment in visual recognition were observed in both human and non-human primate when the manipulation of the experimental stimuli was conducted using colour noise (6). Specific area of the non-human primate brain responsible for colour information has been revealed, and it matches the colour area in human brain. The posterior inferior temporal cortex and the region of ventromedial occipital of non-human primate were activated in colour discrimination task (7). Even though comparison is difficult, this finding might correspond to the human brain areas related to the knowledge of colour, which was recently found in the ventral Letter to The Editor: Comparative Cognitive Neuroscience: Non-Human Primate Study in the Understanding of Human appreciation of colours


As a result of the March 1st uprising, which swept colonial Korea in the spring of 1919, Korean nationalists established the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea in Shanghai. One of the main tasks of the Provisional Government was to achieve international recognition and receive financial assistance for the implementation of anti-Japanese resistance. To this end, it tried to establish contacts with the Soviet government, which expressed support for the national liberation movement of Koreans against Japanese imperialism. Based on the documents from the Archive of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation and published sources of the Russian Archive of Socio-Political History, the article analyzes diplomatic correspondence between the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea and the government of the RSFSR, and identifies the key stages and problems of bilateral relations in 1920–1922. Initially, the relations between two sides were developing on a friendly basis. The Soviet government was interested in deepening cooperation with all groups of the Korean anti-Japanese resistance. But, as the situation on the Far Eastern Front changed and contradictions between different groups within the Korean left movement in Russia and abroad intensified, the Soviet position towards the Korean nationalists was rethought. However, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was still interested in recognition and financial assistance from the Bolsheviks. The dispatch of two emissaries of the Provisional Government to Russia over only two years testifies to serious contradictions within the national liberation movement, which directly affected the government's image in the international arena. Finally, the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs decided that the power of the Provisional Government was not legitimate and that it could not be fully considered a representative of the Korean people.


Plato and Aristotle were almost universally recognized in the Arabic world as the founders of philosophy, both as it had once existed among the Greeks and as it came to exist among the Muslims. Yet the situation of Plato is markedly different from that of Aristotle. Where the works of the latter were carefully translated and retranslated with improvements and commentaries, those of Plato remained shrouded in obscurity-an obscurity which continues to perplex and baffle modern investigators of Platonic influences on Arabic thought. It is a striking fact that none of the dialogues of Plato in an Arabic translation survives from the period which saw the entire corpus (minus the Politics) of Aristotle so assiduously collected, collated and translated. Where there sometimes exist two different versions in Arabic of a work of Aristotle, there is no firm, unambiguous evidence of a single translation of the whole or even a substantial portion of a text by Plato. This curious paradox has never been adequately explained although some have suggested that the translators found Plato hard to render in Arabic because of his symbolic and metaphoric language. Another reason given is that while there was a high regard for him in general neither the dialogue form itself nor its relatively informal, conversational method appealed to the Arabic audience. There are, of course, also doctrines of Plato, such as that of metempsychosis, which were anathema to Muslims and therefore were likely to complicate the picture of him if his whole, uncensured dialogues were to circulate in integral translations. (1)


In this article we present a technique for requirements analysis and evolution for problems involving the optimal control of a software or physical system. The requirements take the form of a function indicating when the system has reached a desired state. A solution which meets the requirements takes the form of a controller which specifies how the system should act. A human operator iteratively analyses and refines a given presentation of the requirements on a human readable high symbolic level and evaluates the resulting solution by the means of a graphical display.


There is still much that we do not know about the effects of international migration on mental health, but we know even less about the mental health consequences of rural-to-urban migration. This may be particularly important in developing countries where the health of internal migrating populations may affect economic development. We use a large representative sample of adults residing in Kathmandu, Nepal to investigate the utility of a stress process model for understanding the mental health effects of rural-to-urban migration. Because our sample contains both migrants and non-migrants, we are able to compare the importance of stressors common to all urban dwellers and those specific to migrants (i.e. acculturation stressors) as they affect the well-being of urban residents. Results show that acculturation-related stressors and social support problems are less salient for explaining distress and mental health symptoms than common stressors and social support problems. Migrants do face more chronic stressors, have more social support problems and report higher levels of distress and symptoms. We speculate that this has more to do with the social inequality that results from migration than with specific migration-related stressors or loss of social resources. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Phenoxyl radicals, when produced pulse radiolytically at concentrations > 10{sup {minus}4} M, combine in second-order processes to give 2,2{prime}-, 2,4{prime}-, and 4,4{prime}-dihydroxybiphenyl as the predominant products. The ratios of these products observed under a variety of conditions, 0.73:1.73:1.00, indicate that radical combination at the ortho and para positions of the ring occurs statistically with, however, reaction at the para site favored by a factor of 2.4 over that at the ortho site. This ratio is considerably greater than the ratio of 1.55 of the unpaired spin populations at the two sites as indicated by ESR data. There is essentially no reaction at the meta position where the unpaired spin population is negative. Approximately 10% of the radicals couple at oxygen to yield 2- and 4-phenoxyphenol. The yields of these two products are, however, considerably lower than might be expected from the unpaired spin population of 0.2 on the oxygen atom of phenoxyl. It is clear that factors in addition to the unpaired spin population are important in controlling the combination processes. Under optimum conditions these five products account for {approx}90% of the phenoxyl radicals initially produced so that electronic disproportionation or coupling to form diphenyl peroxide is relatively unimportant. Multiple-pulsemore » experiments show that after products build up to concentrations comparable to that of the phenoxyl radical, secondary electron-transfer reactions lead to more complex products. In studies with {gamma}-rays at low-dose rates phenoxyl radicals predominantly react with the products so that the yields of simple combination products are very low.« less


Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) can record extracellular action potentials (also known as 'spikes') from hundreds or thousands of neurons simultaneously. Inference of a functional network from a spike train is a fundamental and formidable computational task in neuroscience. With the advancement of MEA technology, it has become increasingly crucial to develop statistical tools for analyzing multiple neuronal activity as a network. In this paper, we propose a scalable Bayesian framework for inference of functional networks from MEA data. Our framework makes use of the hierarchical structure of networks of neurons. We split the large scale recordings into smaller local networks for network inference, which not only eases the computational burden from Bayesian sampling but also provides useful insights on regional connections in organoids and brains. We speed up the expensive Bayesian sampling process by using parallel computing. Experiments on both synthetic datasets and large-scale real-world MEA recordings show the effectiveness and efficiency of the scalable Bayesian framework. Inference of networks from controlled experiments exposing neural cultures to cadmium presents distinguishable results and further confirms the utility of our framework.


Back ground: Cadmium is a widespread and serious material that leads to different harmful cellular changes up to death. Se is a well-known element for its antioxidant role in living systems of humans and animals. Selenium nanoparticles have the ability to act as an antioxidant with reduced risk of ordinary selenium toxicity. Aim of work: is to investigate the effect of Selenium nanoparticles on cadmium induced thyrotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Material and methods: A total of 38 adult male albino rats were divided into four groups. The control group (8 rats) was given only distilled water for 35 days; the cadmium-treated group was given CdCl2 in their drinking water for 35 days; the nanoselenium-treated group was given Na2SeO3 in their drinking water for 35 days and the nanoselenium-cadmium-treated group was given Na2SeO3 and CdCl2 in their drinking water for 35 days. The animals of all groups were sacrificed at the same time and their thyroid glands were rapidly dissected out. The specimens of each group were processed for light and immunohistochemical studies. They were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, masson's trichrome, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Quantitative morphometric, and statistical studies were performed. Results: Picture of cytotoxicity was visible in cadmium-treated thyroid sections in the form of disorganized follicles of varying diameters, with a predominance of smaller follicles. The follicular epithelial cells appeared to be enlarged and had a vacuolated cytoplasm. In addition to reduced or absent colloid. The thyroid gland of nanoselenium–cadmium-treated animals showed a nearly normal follicular structure. Conclusion: In experimental animal the administration of nanoselenium in response to an increased risk of exposure to cadmium compounds has a protective effect against their harmful effects.


This article takes a comparative view on the models of 'New Public Management' and 'Excellence for Local Government'. As NPM has become a dominant movement in the theory and practice of public administration worldwide, it has been in application in local governments as well as central government. However, the Excellence Model for Local Government, which has been created by a generalisation of innovation efforts in such cities as Tilburg and Christchurch, is a different model, although it has a number of similarities with NPM. The former aims at creating an indigenous model for local government by major adjustments in NPM.


IN THE PAGES that follow, I shall be considering some examples of a recurrent turn of mind: the representation of what would seem to be a political threat as if it were a sexual threat. Freud alludes to this at one point in his article on fetishism, where he is momentarily led into a bit of dramatic miming, simulating the terror he imagines the little boy feels when he first discovers his mother has no penis: "No," he writes, "that cannot be true, for if a woman can be castrated then his own penis is in danger; and against that there rebels part of his narcissism which Nature has providentially attached to this particular organ." Freud then adds drily, "In later life grown men may experience a similar panic, perhaps when the cry goes up that throne and altar are in danger. 1 Questions of sexual difference, of perception and of politics are rapidly brought into relation here, and it is that set of relations that I should like to explore. My chief examples are Parisian, taken from accounts of the 1848 Revolution and of the Commune, but in order to suggest that what I'm considering is not something merely febrile and all-too-French, I shall glance first at an eighteenth-century British instance. Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France was published in 1 790; two years later an anti-revolutionary cartoon appeared (fig. 1) which, like Classic Comics generally, can be read as an inadvertent parody of the work it condenses and illustrates. The "contrast" is Burke's, and so is the francophobia that gives it its edge. Its images are drawn from the pages of the Reflections: the composed scene within "the shadow of the British oak" on the one hand, on the other the noble victim "hanged on the lamppost" and serving as a backdrop, if that's the right term, for one of those figures Burke refers to as "the furies of hell, in the abused shape of the vilest of women."2 She is, however, not Fury but a Gorgon-Medusa, in fact-here depicted not as a petrifier but as a beheader, her own head recognizably snaky yet still firmly attached to her shoulders: Medusa usurping the pose of Cellini's Perseus (fig. 7), a decapitated male at her feet. Still another way-the print seems to suggest-in which the world has been turned upside-down. The question is, why should revolutionary violence be emblematized in this way, as a hideous and fierce but not exactly sexless woman? A related question is prompted by the first of the French texts, a brief one by Victor Hugo which appeared in a posthumously published collection of fragments


The investigation of the volatile compounds from 10 varieties of coffee beans obtained from different geographical origins was carried out in cooperation with a local coffee roastery. In an attempt to better understand the coffee bean roasting process and the emitted aromas, the different coffee beans were sampled using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a DVB/carboxen/PDMS fiber. The volatiles captured on the fiber were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) methods. There were about 50 different components identified with about 20 of these exceeding 0.5% of the total integrated area for all peaks as part of the coffee bean aroma profiles in the 10 types of coffee beans. Other studies have found from 60 to 80 components in various coffee bean preparations with 8-10 comprising greater than 80% of the total quantified volatiles (1).The compounds that were found to be shared by the most bean varieties were furanmethanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, pyridine, 2,3pentadione, furanmethanol acetate, 2-methylfuran, and 2,3-pentadione. These compounds are formed from the reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars within the coffee bean as it is roasted (the Maillard reaction). The characterization of the aroma profile and the relative abundances of the volatiles will be presented for each variety. INTRODUCTION Coffee has its history as far back as the 9th century. It is thought to have originated in the highlands of Kefa, Ethiopia and spread to the rest of the world via Egypt and Europe. The plant is a woody perennial evergreen and is produced mainly in economically developing countries. There are two main species of the coffee plant, Coffea arabica being the older one. While more


The most toxic in the wastewaters of petroleum refining and pulp and paper enterprises are phenol compounds, and in nonferrous, mining, and chemical industries, heavy metals, of which the most dangerous are mercury, nickel, and cadmium. The purpose of this article is to determine the main characteristics of the combined effect of heavy metals and phenols under conditions of an acute experiment. An analysis showed that the method of quenching the luminescence of luminescent bacteria most completely meets the imposed requirements. The use of microorganisms as test objects for determining the toxicity of substances is, according to the authors, especially promising for biological testing. It was necessary to prove experimentally that a change in luminescence adequately reflects the disturbance of physiological and biochemical processes in the cell.


I was born in 1958 as the youngest of five in the south of the Netherlands. My father died a couple of months before my mother had to give birth to me so for her and the rest of my family it was a tough time. My mother was a very strong person with a positive attitude towards life. I inherited her 'positive' genes and she became a very important role model for me. I grew up wandering and playing around in nature. Guided by a high school teacher in Biology, I became fascinated by it at very young age. Instead of playing with dolls I used to study the behavior of animals in their natural environment (e.g. frogs, ants, other insects, mice etc). My family, especially my sisters, were not so amused by my hobbies since I used to take my entire collection of study objects home with me. I knew at a very young age that my fascination of all living creatures meant that I should become a biologist. I entered the public high school Koning Willem II in Tilburg.


An $N=2$ supersymmetric model using K\"{a}hler fields is proposed. It is a modified version of two-dimensional Benn-Tucker model. It indicates a geometrical origin of $N=2$ supersymmetry.


Background One of the most difficult and important procedure in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is hepatic artery reconstruction. Difficult hepatic artery reconstruction may be because of pathological factor such as intimal dissection (ID) and anatomical variation. Difficult hepatic artery reconstruction is a risk factor for hepatic artery complications. This study was done to evaluate difficult hepatic artery reconstruction in LDLT at our center and its surgical outcomes. Patient and methods Consecutive patients who were treated for end-stage liver cirrhosis by LDLT were retrospectively reviewed. The management of hepatic artery with ID is carried out according to the extent of ID. Results Hepatic artery ID was found in 21/375 (5.6%) cases. Overall, seven (33%) cases were reconstructed with the graft hepatic artery after trimming the edge until reaching a healthy segment. A total of 11 (52.4%) cases were reconstructed with the graft hepatic artery after intimal fixation of ID. Moreover, three (14.3%) cases had severe ID and failed intimal fixation and were reconstructed with the recipient splenic artery. Biliary stricture developed in two patients who had severe ID, and three patients developed transient bile leak. No hepatic artery complications, graft failure, or mortality occurred. Conclusion Intimal fixation technique proved to be an effective technique in most of the cases, with good short-term and long-term follow-up results. In severe ID or failure of intimal fixation, alternative recipient arteries other than hepatic artery can be used.


After Comrade Hu Jintao's speech on honor and disgrace,the domestic academic circle has already presented some related achievements.This article attempts to explore the implication of the traditional outlook of honor and dishonor in shape,from value judgment,moral root,realm and life style.


Industrial plantation forest is a plantation forest established in order to increase the potential and quality of the production forest by implementing an intensive silvicultural system to meet the raw material needs of the forest product industry. In realizing the development of HTI, many parties and stakeholders are involved, one of which is the community, to be precise, the people living around the industrial forest area, whose existence cannot be separated from the forest, must receive attention, especially from the company owning the HTI concerned. The location of this study is in Bengkalis Regency, focused on the Bukit Batu District (Babad Bakul and Sukajadi Villages). In each research village, 25 samples consisting of 10 households and 15 key informants were selected purposively (purposive sampling). Information was collected through interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). Primary and secondary data are used in this study, both quantitative and qualitative. Primary data was collected through structured and semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and direct village observations). The results of the identification of social impacts found several negative impacts from the existence of HTI companies on the people in the survey villages, namely land ownership conflicts, labor recruitment, and road dust that interfered with the residents' health. Although the positive impact felt by the community from the presence of HTI companies is CSR assistance for activities carried out by local residents, such as commemorating the anniversary of Indonesia's independence year, sports competitions, and others. Recommendations for impact management and monitoring plans, namely the establishment of an active participatory communication system and facilities involving all levels of society, development of educational programs, knowledge and skills of local communities that support entrepreneurial activities, establishing safety and security systems and facilities together with surrounding communities involving government agencies and local NGOs/NGOs and MPAs, evaluate all activities and documentation of CSR funding assistance that has been carried out, involve local contractor staff if there is relevant internal training or workshops as an effort to improve the quality of human resources, and prepare important material suitable for consumption by the community with activity photo designs interesting and easily understood by the general public.


Solid state variable optical attenuator (VOA) fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material (SOI) with high efficiency, high speed (>2MHz) and no inherent polarisation dependence with a manufacturable fabrication process suitable for high levels of integration is presented.


By discussing the functional motifs of four protein superfamilies in all β class proteins,the results indicate that the similar structural motifs in Immunoglobulin and Fibronectin type Ⅲ superfamily have different functions.There are many types of sequence motifs in PH domain-like superfamily and Nucleic acid-binding proteins superfamily,but these little similar structural motifs have the same function in their respective superfamily.A statistical method is used to analyse the hydropathy,physicochemical and structural properties of motifs.The results show that the amino acid residues with significant difference are present in the conservative sites of sequence motifs and the same sequence motifs have the similar secondary structure of proteins.These correlated regularities will have some helps for the further identifying of different protein superfamilies and the related researches.


Early detection of non-regulatory options for the development of cognitive, emotional and volitional processes is fundamental to the effectiveness of subsequent corrective action. Problem of psycho-educational assessment must be determined psychophysiological features of development of the young child, as well as take into account socio -pedagogical factors in the organization of the diagnostic procedure. The main structural components of psycho-pedagogical study of young children in order to determine the level of development of mental processes were: the study of motor functions (development of gross and fine motor skills, the formation of elementary motor skills ), the study of sensory spheres (improvement of optical-spatial and auditory functions, sensory-perceptual activity), the study of the subject activity urge children to solve visual problems in tactical games and at home, mediated cognitive development, learning skills and emotional situationbusiness communication with adults and peers, the study of language development and its features.


archies; rather, males were territorial regardless of density. However, it is unclear whether these density differences are associated with variation in other life history characters. We report on variation in growth rates of males and females of 2 populations in the Phoenix area that vary dramatically in density. We established study sites for 2 populations of Sauromalus near Phoenix, Arizona, in the north central Sonoran Desert. The South Mountains ("South") study site (2.0 ha) was immediately south of Phoenix in the west central portion of the city park surrounding the South Mountains (33°20′26″N, 112°02′48″W), and the Lookout Mountain ("Lookout") study site (10.4 ha) was in the southwestern section of the Lookout Mountain Preserve in the Phoenix Mountains of northern Phoenix (33°37′22″N, 112°03′12″W), Maricopa County, Arizona.


In this paper I shall present the construction of Weyl-Heisenberg superframes and density results related to the noncoherent case. A superframe is a collection of r-frames F = ff i ; i 2 Ig H1, : : : , F r = ff i ; i 2 Ig Hr all having the same countable index set I such that F = ff i f r i ; i 2 Ig is a frame for the Hilbert spaceH = H1 Hr. For the Weyl-Heisenberg superframes we set H1 = = Hr = L (R), f l i = g l z;a;b(x) := zle 2 lg (x bl) and (z; a; b) 2 I := T r R. We study the density of superframes in the case is a subset of the r + 2 subgroup T r E ; . Our approach is inspired by a recent work of O.Christensen, B.Deng and C.Heil. In the special case of coherent WH superframes, we prove that its redundancy is given by 1= (where the lattice is = f(m ; n );m;n 2 Zg).


It is known that high-energy fission products create serious damage in the crystal structure of nuclear fuel ceramics (UO2), leading to swelling and degradation of thermal properties. The damage process, being particularly important in the high-energy region, is investigated in this study. Cerium dioxide, CeO2, is one of the ceramics that have the same (fluorite) structure as UO2 and also a similar melting temperature. Therefore, in this study CeO2 functioning as a simulation material is irradiated with highenergy projectiles. It is already known that ion tracks are formed in CeO2 by 210-MeV Xe irradiation [1]. The ion track has typically a diameter of several nanometers. The crystal lattice inside the track is not amorphized. The purpose of our study is to analyze the change in crystal structure which reflects the formation of ion tracks. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to evaluate the crystal structure modification.


Digital assets are becoming the value-carrying resources that underlie much of today's economic activity. Increasingly, businesses depend on the ability to produce, manage, trade, and, perhaps most problematically, destroy digital artifacts (software and data) as key components of commercial functionality and profitability. Because these assets exist entirely within computer systems that are interconnected via networks, new techniques for managing them, such as Hadoop, cloud computing, DevOps, and NoSQL, continue to proliferate. At the same time, previously successful software and IT approaches (e.g., service-oriented architecture, Web services, and machine virtualization) are enjoying a renaissance of utility.


Pierre Leroux was a famous French petty-bourgeois fantastic socialist in the 19th century. Not only hisview on the three political slogans of the French revolution was very special, but also his complete explanation to equality.He considered that equality, which consisted of race equality, nation equality and sex equality, should be everywhere,Pierre Leroux's theory, especially his explanation of "Equality", is still very brilliant now.


Many process facility managers are fully aware of the safety risks within their organizations. What they ignore, however, is that many of these risks are caused by the underlying safety culture of the organization. It is argued that safety culture can be shaped, analyzed and forged. Safety culture cannot be laid aside: it is a priority established within the goals and objectives settled by the organization at a strategic level. In this sense, a systematic Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) approach set up the foundations to build a safety culture; however, culture itself implies that all the members of the organization believe and behave under the rules and principles of that system. This can only be achieved by a convincing


Through systematic analysis on No58-10-21192 fully mechanized face of lower sub-coal-seam of Liuwan Coal Mine,the roof management technology in complex condition in fully mechanized mining face is summarized,and the technical management measures and notices are put forward after analysis on geological faultage,large-section face and face management.


Objective To investigate the effects of T and B lymphocytes and cytokines on allergic reaction induced by trichloroethylene(TCE)in mice.Methods The mice were sensitized with TCE through skin contact and inhalation for 6 weeks,and then challenged with TCE on ear.The allergic reaction was estimated by ear swelling index.The TCE-specific lymphocyte proliferation was determined in cultured spleen lymphocytes exposed to TCE in vitro.The levels of IL-4,IFN-γ and IgG were detected by ELISA,and the subgroup of lymphocytes was analysed by flow cytometry.Results The survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE in vitro in TCE-sensitized mice were significantly higher than those in control mice[(79 ± 10)% vs(63 ± 11)%,P0.05],the level of IgG in supernate of culture in TCE-sensitized mice was significantly higher than that in the control [(70 ± 5)% vs(53 ± 6)%,P0.01].However,there was no difference in the level of IgG in serum between two groups.Analysis of flow cytometry showed that the relative number of CD3+T lymphocyte and CD4+ /CD8+ in culture with TCE in TCE-sensitized mice[(41.6 ± 4.4)% and 92.1 ± 0.6],respectively ]were similar to those in control mice[(39.4 ± 4.0)% and(2.3 ± 0.9),respectively].In challenge phase,ear swelling was not found in TCE-sensitized mice,however,the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in TCE-sensitized mice was lower than that in control mice(0.54 ± 0.12 vs 0.90 ± 0.22,P 0.01).Conclusion TCE could induce the activation of T lymphocyte to secrete Th2 cytokines and stimulate B lymphocyte to secrete antigen-specific IgG antibody.


In order to solve the obstacle avoidance problem when the external environment changes during AGV movement in the intelligent factory, this paper proposes an AGV obstacle avoidance path planning method based on artificial potential field(APF) and model predictive control(MPC). First, the environmental potential field is constructed to determine the value of potential field received by AGV at each point in the process of movement. Secondly, the vehicle kinematics model is constructed, and the vehicle kinematics model is linearized and discretized. Then, the potential field value obtained by APF method is taken as input, and the MPC method is adopted to obtain the control sequence with the minimum target performance function index by using the error between the predicted trajectory and the expected trajectory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Simulink/Casim co-simulation. The results show that this method can carry out path planning autonomously in the intelligent factory area.


This paper analyses the institutional framework to develop an effective agricultural land use system in Ukraine. The analysis aims to determine the efficiency of the national institutional system and justify the ways to improve it. The methodological approach is based on the principles of structural functionalism. It is proved, that existing institutional system realizes its coordinating function in such a way that leads to institutional gaps between formal and informal property institutions, a backlog of the informal institutions and "shadow" land relations. As to the distributive function, it leads to structural imbalances, dominance of corporate over private interests, and dominance of agricultural production over rural development. This is an indicator of an institutional dysfunction, which means the failure to adapt, a mismatch between the formal and informal norms and nowadays challenges for sustainable agricultural and rural development. This is also an indicator that the institutional system of land relations is oriented to ensure the allocative efficiency while the adaptive efficiency remains at a low level. To enhance the adaptive efficiency, it is necessary to implement the following policy mechanisms: - In order to overcome institutional gaps, it is necessary to introduce positive selective incentives for the development of informal institutions, and prioritize the development of inter-group social capital with confidence and social interactions between different social groups (officials, rural communities, land users); - In order to overcome the institutional imbalances, it is necessary to prioritize both social and ecological components in the development of the national land use system, and the interests of small landowners and family farms. To ensure that agricultural land use is socially oriented and provide the adaptive efficiency of the institutional environment, it is necessary to harmonize the formal, informal and control institutions.


AIEE technical paper 42–79, entitled "Thermal Co-ordination of Motors, Control, and Their Branch Circuits on Power Supplies of 600 Volts and Less,"1 was presented in April 1942. The purpose of the article as stated was "to show what the characteristics of the protective devices should be in order that the power will be disconnected from the main feeders under all conditions of excess current before excess temperatures are attained." After the overload protecting requirements were discussed, it was pointed out that "to protect the conductors in the branch circuit adequately, the control devices, and the motor winding, we must use a device that is both fast in opening the circuit and also has the necessary interrupting ability." In discussing the speed and the interrupting abilities of circuit breakers and fuses which were used to protect the motors and the controls against short circuits, the following statement was made:


This article describes the first public presentation, by basin, of quantitative, worldwide conventional petroleum and natural gas resource assessments. These assessments are presented in tabular form along with a world petroleum basin map keyed to the tables. The assessments are now available on a US Geological Survey web site, http://energy.er.usgs.gov/products/papers/world{_}oil/index.htm. On the web site, the USGS offers vector digital presentation of the basins and other world geographic outlines. Each basin is numbered and keyed to a table showing basin number, basin name, and resource estimates including: Cumulative Production, Identified Reserves, and Undiscovered Resources of both oil and gas.


ABSTRACT The role of individual differences in second language (L2) learning is widely acknowledged; however, how teachers can accommodate individual differences in L2 classrooms receives relatively less attention. Focusing specifically on motivation, this study explores the effectiveness of communicative tasks on Korean L2 speakers' complexity, accuracy, fluency, and lexical dysfluency. Drawing upon the regulatory focus literature, the tasks were manipulated to emphasize either promotion or prevention motivational processes. Forty-seven participants were randomly assigned to either promotion or prevention task and completed a scale-based questionnaire to assess their overall orientation to instrumentality-promotion/prevention. For data analysis, learners were median-split into promotion and prevention groups based on their responses to the questionnaire items. 2×2 ANOVAs were conducted on linguistic measures to investigate the main and interaction effects of instrumentality-promotion/prevention and task-induced promotion/prevention on L2 task performance. The quantitative findings revealed that instrumentality-prevention had a negative effect on accuracy. However, task-induced promotion/prevention had no main or interaction effects on linguistic performance. Qualitative findings showed that the mismatch between instrumentality-promotion/prevention and task-induced promotion/prevention may distract attention from idea development during task performance. The findings are discussed in terms of pedagogical implications, in particular how to accommodate individual differences when developing teaching materials.


In 1998, Liebeck and Seitz introduced a constant $t(G)$, dependent on the root system of a reductive algebraic group $G$ and proved that if $x$ is a semisimple element of order greater than $t(G)$ in $G$ then there exists an infinite subgroup of $G$ stabilizing the same subspaces of $L(G)$ as $x$. The values for $t(G)$ are $12$, $68$, $124$ and $388$ for $G=G_2,F_4,E_6,E_7$ respectively. In this paper we obtain a similar result for these groups and the minimal module $V_{\mathrm{min}}$, obtaining significantly smaller numbers, namely $4$, $18$, $27$ and $75$ respectively (with some small conditions on the element $x$ that are not important for applications). Note that both $t(G)$ and these new bounds are sharp. As a corollary we eliminate several potential maximal subgroups $\mathrm{PSL}_2(q_0)$ of these groups that seem difficult to eliminate through other means, along with other groups.
This paper forms part of the author's programme to vastly reduce the number of putative maximal subgroups of exceptional groups of Lie type.


The rubber production of Thailand increased not only by strong demand from the world market, but was also stimulated strongly through the replanting program of the Thai Government from 1961 onwards. With the continuous growth of rubber research data volume on the Web, the search for information has become a challenging task. Ontologies are used to improve the accuracy of information retrieval from the web by incorporating a degree of semantic analysis during the search. In this context, we propose an intelligent semantic search system for rubber research data in Thailand. The research methods included 1) analyzing domain knowledge, 2) ontologies development, and 3) intelligent semantic search system development to curate research data in trusted digital repositories may be shared among the wider Thailand rubber research community.


The structures of two novel indole alkaloids, vallesamine and its O-acetate, isolated from Vallesia dichotoma RUIZet PAV, have been established as IIIa and IIIb on the basis of extensive NMR. and mass spectral measurements as well as by interconversion with apparicine (I).


Although literary critics have attributed to Cervantes' Don Quixote the title of the 'first modern novel', the genre's characteristics may be traced further back to the emergence in early modern Spain of the picaresque novel. The novel's combined verisimilitude and keen awareness of itself as a new generic form reflect its unstable modernity. It inherits this instability from tlie various phases of the narrative tradition, since the genre does not rise from one or two great texts, but from an experimental process consisting of different stages. The novel's potential for radical creativity ensures its continuous creation of new worlds.


A density functional theory based semiempirical van der Waals (vdW) method with dielectric functions being incorporated is developed for two-dimensional materials. The coefficients of interatomic pairwise potentials are derived from atomic polarizabilities obtained via a Clausius-Mossotti relation dedicated for layered crystals. The method not only can efficiently describe the dispersion energy for a range of planar graphene-like materials at nearly the same accuracy as the adiabatic connection fluctuation-dissipation theorem, but also rationalizes experimentally measured relative interfacial strengths of heterostructures and interlayer registry of hexagonal boron nitride that have plagued other vdW methods.


Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a novel class of soft active materials that are receiving considerable attention as sensors and actuators. For instance, IPMCs have found application in biomimetic actuators for underwater propulsion and manipulation. [...]


The prominent Sn IV spectral lines and their characteristics (line width and shift) have been investigated in the pulsed helium discharge. The Stark broadening mechanism was found to be dominant at the electron density of about 10 22 m i3 , and electron temperature around 20 000 K.


A pooled recombinant antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure the presence of antibodies in sera of 200 dogs suspected to be suffering with leptospirosis. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) revealed that 52 (26%) samples had positive agglutination titers. With pooled LipL32 and LipL41 recombinant antigen ELISA, 62 (31%) samples were found positive. The ELISA showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93.2%. The pooled recombinant antigen ELISA could be an alternative to the MAT for a reliable diagnosis of leptospiral infection in dogs.


Indoor localization systems that are accurate and robust with respect to propagation channel conditions are still a technical challenge today. In particular, for systems based on range measurements from radio signals, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations can result in large position errors. In this paper, we address these issues using measurements in a representative indoor environment. Results show that conventional tracking schemes using high- and a low-complexity ranging algorithms are strongly impaired by NLOS conditions unless a very large signal bandwidth is used. Furthermore, we discuss and evaluate the performance of multipath-assisted indoor navigation and tracking (MINT), that can overcome these impairments by making use of multipath propagation. Across a wide range of bandwidths, MINT shows superior performance compared to conventional schemes, and virtually no degradation in its robustness due to NLOS conditions.


An overview of historic ship preservation in the United States. Looks at its historical background and the present situation. Both Grim realities and preservation successes are taken into account, and the major projects are mentioned.


There have been Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia for as long as there have been schools in general, and they play a crucial role in the country's educational system. The researchers set out to learn how different types of leadership and administration at Islamic boarding schools affect students' level of community interest. With a 2 x 2 factorial experimental design, this study used the ex post facto method, sometimes known as a comparative causal relationship. A questionnaire was employed as the data collection technique for this investigation. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to examine the data. Path A two-way ANOVA revealed that Fcount is higher than Ftable (Fcount = 5.81 Ftable (0.05; 1:116) = 3.92), indicating that count variables contributed more to the overall variation in this path than did table variables. For some reason, in Row B, we see that Fcount is larger than Ftable (Fcount = 8.73 Ftable (0.01; 1:116) = 6.86). Larger AB interactions are found using Fcount (Fcount = 140.51 Ftable (0.01; 1:116) = 6.86) when looking at rows A * B. Findings from this research indicate a positive correlation between leadership styles and community interest. Additionally, modern Islamic boarding schools and Salafi Islamic schools have vastly different approaches to administration.


To accelerate the process of military and local lo- gistics integration and increase logistics efficiency as well as to save the cost of transportation and to promote the coordi- nated development of road transportation, this paper expatiate cooperant principle between military and local logistics. And it proposes that ministry of joint logistics vehicle should comply with the basic principles which are known as " to integrate military and civilian, to combine military efforts with civilian support, to develop in a coordinated manner" and strengthen control on the outsourcing of military transportation business in order to promote a path of development featuring military and civilian integration.


Clinicalpracticeand recent investigations havedemonstratedhigh rates of alcoholabuse in seriouslymentally illpatients. Schizophrenics appear to be particularlysusceptible to the negativeeffectsof alcohol abuse and they differ from non-abusing schizophrenics in a varietyof clinicalsymptomsand features. These includeboth psychiatric and socialcomplications. This study aim:d to investigate the prevalence of alcoholconsumptionby chronic: schizophrenic patients. The subjects had beendiagnosedwithchronic: schizophrenia (ICD·I 0 criteria) with manyprior hospitalizations with a meandurationof 8.S years. The diagnosticprocedure for alcoholism(abuseand dependenceaccordingto ICD·IOcriteria) included a detailed interviewabout sociodemographic data, individualakohol history, physicalexaminationand the screeningof vuiouslaboratory parameters such I! GGT and MCVamongothers. The results showed that alcoholisminchronicschizophrenic: patients is convnon and more prevalentthan in the generalpopulation.


Verification of integrated USB 2.0 – USB 3.0 Device IP by developing device reference module connected to XDC side and ready to use USB 3.0 Host Verification IP connected to physical layer. Device reference module has been supporting AHB-XDC in addition to Generic-


Replies to Editor # Comments/Suggestions 1 2 Dear authors, please check the wording and also citations carefully. I have found the phrase 3 'well-known' , e.g. page 11 line 262 but no citations. Please go through your manuscript and 4 check if you backed all claims with citations. It has been a major criticism that you mixed up 5 known results and results obtained by you. 6 7 Reply: First of all, we wish to thank the Editor for handling the manuscript and for 8 offering his/her constructive comments/suggestions, which improved the manuscript 9 content significantly. In the revised version, we have taken care of proper citation to 10 previous and differentiated the results. 11 12 On page 11 line 275: what do you mean here? La Nina is a an atmospheric condition. How 13 can El Nino extend over El Nina (I suppose you mean La Nina?)? 14 Reply: we have revised the this statement in the manuscript as 'During the La Niña, the 15 anticyclone circulation extends large compared to El Niño years at 100 hPa as shown in 16 the Figure 8a' 17 18 19 On page 8. The phrases 'good rainfall' and 'less rainfall' sound rather subjective. I think you 20 should briefly summarize the definition of active and break days and not force the reader to 21 study another paper. 22 23 Reply: we have added the detailed discussion about the definition of active and break in 24 the revised version. 25 26 Once again, we would like to thank the Editor for his/her thoughtful comments and 27 suggestions that led to substantial improvements in the revised manuscript. 28 29 ---END--30 31 32


The ways in which research has affected the consumer in respect of his usage of textiles are discussed by selecting some specific examples— the bleaching of cellulose fibres, the development of synthetic dyes, mercerisation, the production of rayons and of synthetic-polymer fibres, and the development of easy-care finishes and of a flame-resistant finish. In conclusion there is a brief discussion of priorities in research and the attitude of the laymen to it.


In his well-known essay Theory of the Novel (1916) Georg Lukacs defends the thesis that the hero in the old epic was still entirely linked to the fate of the community that surrounds him. Only with the rise of the novel, the hero's inner live as an individual would come to the fore, featuring his own feelings, doubts and expectations. This article investigates the relationship between hero and community in an epic poem from the eighteenth century, Lucretia of Merken's David (1767). Contrary to what Lukacs assumes, the hero of Van Merken shows his human side of inner emotional life. David's emotions do not just reflect the emotions of the surrounding community, but his feelings rather interfere and interact with them. This is especially true when we look at the emotions' social dynamics that create an 'emotional community', a term derived from the work of emotional histories Barbara Rosenwein.


A ship-to-pier free-space laser OC-3 communications link was operated between the USS John C Stennis (CVN 74) moored pier-side, and the port operations building, at the US Navy North Island facility, in San Diego, CA during the period from February 11/sup th/, 1999 to March 23/sup rd/, 1999. Using autotracking to accommodate 8' tidal movement and some roll and yaw, this system provided reliable 99.92% error free availability with a severely error free second (SES) rating of 99.96% during the demonstration period. Supporting equipment included Lucent Technologies ATM access concentrators, UPS and remote monitoring equipment, and autotracking optical terminals from AstroTerra Corporation. This OC-3 system demonstrated the practicality of optical wireless technology as a network element, and enhancements are underway at Lucent Technologies Bell Labs for a 2.5 Gbps system.


I endorse with enthusiasm your proposals for "Cooperation on the Left." I hope that your invitation to discussion will be generally accepted and that we who participate will achieve both a genuine self-criticism and a responsible give-and-take. This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website , where most recent articles are published in full. Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


This paper presents a fully integrated VCO covering the requirements of four cellular phone standards GSM, DCS, PCS and UMTS as well as WLAN 802.11 a/b/g. The frequency range from 3.42 GHz up to 11.45 GHz is managed with an innovative differential switchable inductor architecture. In addition a switched capacitor array and varactors are applied for precise tuning of all necessary frequency bands. The circuit is fabricated in a 130 nm CMOS process and housed into a VQFN 48 plastic package together with a proper direct conversion Rx-frontend solution for the cellular modes. The VCO has been measured and draws less than 13 mA at a supply voltage of 1.5 V whereas the VCO core needs only 2 mA. The evaluation of the VCO was done on a FR4 board.


Grid Portal is based on standard Web technology to provide users a customized Web based interface to securely and seamlessly access the grid resources. In this paper, we analyze how to design and implement a computational grid portal with several necessary functions. We also analyze the problem we have met during the designing and implementation of the computational grid portal and give some advice on how to solve this problem.


This paper presents a simple framework for analysing the operation and effectiveness of monetary policy in open economies in the spirit of aggregative approaches that are the mainstay of intermediate macroeconomic theory. Combining standard macroeconomic relations with precepts from international finance, it provides new lessons for the conduct of monetary policy under inflation targeting. It first confirms the classic Mundell‐Fleming result that monetary policy is only effective as a short run stabilization instrument under floating exchange rates, yet goes further in showing that countercyclical monetary policy is incompatible with inflation targeting under fixed exchange rates. Second, it highlights the importance of anchoring inflation expectations as a means of inflation control. Third, it suggests how central banks should react to changes in the monetary stance abroad. Lastly, it demonstrates how monetary policy should respond to productivity improvement at home under floating exchange rates.


The Hubble Tarantula Treasury Project (HTTP) has provided an unprecedented photometric coverage of the entire star-burst region of 30 Doradus down to the half Solar mass limit. We use the deep stellar catalogue of HTTP to identify all the pre--main-sequence (PMS) stars of the region, i.e., stars that have not started their lives on the main-sequence yet. The photometric distinction of these stars from the more evolved populations is not a trivial task due to several factors that alter their colour-magnitude diagram positions. The identification of PMS stars requires, thus, sophisticated statistical methods. We employ Machine Learning Classification techniques on the HTTP survey of more than 800,000 sources to identify the PMS stellar content of the observed field. Our methodology consists of 1) carefully selecting the most probable low-mass PMS stellar population of the star-forming cluster NGC 2070, 2) using this sample to train classification algorithms to build a predictive model for PMS stars, and 3) applying this model in order to identify the most probable PMS content across the entire Tarantula Nebula. We employ Decision Tree, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers to categorise the stars as PMS and Non-PMS. The Random Forest and Support Vector Machine provided the most accurate models, predicting about 20,000 sources with a candidateship probability higher than 50 percent, and almost 10,000 PMS candidates with a probability higher than 95 percent. This is the richest and most accurate photometric catalogue of extragalactic PMS candidates across the extent of a whole star-forming complex.


The paper presents the results of corrosion properties and microstructure testing of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L welded sheet. Corrosion testing were carried out in 1M HCl solution using cyclic potentiodynamic polarization at temperatures 20 and 40 ° C. Microstructure analysis were performed before and after corrosion testing on various areas of the welded joint (the base material and at interface weld metal/heat affected zone) using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS).


The well established monotone iterative technique that is used to study the existence and uniqueness of fractional impulsive system is extended to Hilfer fractional order in this paper. The results are derived by using the method of upper and lower solution and Gronwall inequality. Also, conditions on non-compactness of measure is used effectively to prove the main result.


In many areas of the world undesirable dispersal of organic pesticides into untargeted environments has occurred, and is continuing, raising serious concerns about their potential impact on the environment and human health. The main agents ultimately responsible for the degradation of these substances are microorganisms, so it is important to understand their effects on microbial metabolism and the complex interactive effects of soil parameters, microbial activities, pesticide availability and pesticide degradation dynamics. The studies presented in this thesis elucidate some such interactions involving three pesticides: 2,6-dichlorobenzamide, 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile and 2,4-dichlorophenol. The respiration kinetics of soil microorganisms in the presence and absence of pesticides were measured and used to derive information on catabolic and anabolic components of the microbial responses. Furthermore, the effects of charge density and pH of surfaces of soil particles were also investigated by manipulating soil solution pH, the pH of organic matter surfaces and the mineral composition (and hence surface charge density) of test soils. The pH and charge density of particle surfaces were found to strongly influence soil microbial processes and the fate and behaviour of pesticides in soils. In addition, the effects of sorption on the availability and degradability of glyphosate, one of the most commonly used pesticides in the world, were examined using respiration measurements in combination with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy analysis. Raising the pH of an acidic soil with high organic matter content was found to reduce the toxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenol on anabolic microbial processes, but the effects of its toxicity towards catabolic processes were less pronounced. 2,6-dichlorobenzamide had greater negative effects on microbial metabolic processes at neutral than at acid pH. Increasing the surface charge density and raising the surface pH of the soil organic matter reduced the negative effects of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile on microorganisms. Soil surface charge density and pH therefore interactively influence the effects of the pesticides on microbial metabolism. Further experiments showed that sorbed glyphosate can be used by the microorganisms as a source of C, N and possibly P.


The goal of this research is to determine whether the Cooperative Script model is better than the usual learning. Students just receive what is given by the teacher during the learning process, such as hear the teacher explanation, and then copy the notes given by the teacher. The passive of students in the learning process due to not want to ask the teacher about the material, and when the teacher explains the material does not occur on feedback from students (interaction between teachers and students or students with students are not going well), so that students do not understand material. This type of learning produces a student low achievement in TIK subjects. The researcher use experimental Research as the method. Hypothesis in this study is the student learning by using Cooperative Script model is better than the learning regular learning in class VIII SMPN 27 Padang. This type of research is an experimental research. The population is class VIII SMPN 27 Padang on the academic year 2015/2016 which comprises 5 classes. For sampling, the researcher use sampling techniques. The class VIII 5 selected as the experimental class and VIII 3 as the control class. The instrument used was a test of learning outcomes. Hypothesis testing is done by using the differences the average - average at the level of α = 0.05. The second table shows that the value of T with the same variant was 1.7, then compared with T table, because the test one hand, the T count is in the region of rejection, so h1 rejected. If using a Prob (Sign), it must be divided by 2, ie 0,89 / = 0.042 less than 0.05, then h1 rejected. Based on the results of normality test, homogeneity, equality test and hypothesis test, it can be concluded that the student achievement will be better by using cooperative script learning model than the usual learning model. Keyword: Cooperative Script model, Conventional Learning model, Learning Outcomes


The evolution of teaching Statistics in the past century in Mexico and Colombia is presented, emphasizing the parallels and differences. Two stories are told, pointing out common events and similarities, in order to show the exogenous forces and the local contributions to the development of statistics in these countries. The main local contributions to the teaching of statistics in higher education in the 20 th century are identified. Finally, several strategic ways of improving the teaching of Statistics for non-statisticians in Latin-American countries are summarized, considering the particular historic context. We propose an approach considering the global and the local historic arguments to promote the value of statistics in the development of modern society. INTRODUCTION The history of Statistics in each country has an interesting lesson useful for understanding its current situation and for identifying ways and strategies for to planning and programming its future development. History is not only for celebrating the past greatness, but also to identify the autochthonous (local) contributions to the global development of Statistics in order to construct explanations of the present as a path for building the future. In this sense, Scheuren (2003) says: "What is past is prologue but many valuable prologues have yet to be fully played out," referring to Shakespeare and George Bernard Shaw well known expressions. Colombia and Mexico are two developing countries with many parallels and similarities in the economical and social development during the 20 th Century. In the historic events of statistics in each country these commonalities are evident; but it is necessary to say that many of such events are explained for the exogenous forces in the worldwide evolution of the statistics discipline (Cansado, 1993). Others events are particularities that are explained for autochthonous expressions directly related to the local needs in the social and economical context (Guerrero, 1997; Valencia, 1975). We present important historic events during the 20 th Century in these countries, identifying the foregoing in the past. Particularly, we emphasize on educational determinants such as schools foundations, program implementations, national meetings, etc. We have used a guideline that explains the developments in Statistics in order to apply the techniques and methods on demand arising out of need in other fields (Bhagwandas, 1990). We begin with a brief description of pre-Hispanic and colonial contributions, followed by a series of interesting events in the past centuries in both countries. Our main contributions are the two stories, in which we point out the common events and similarities, and we identify the main local elements which have led to the teaching of statistics in higher education for non statisticians, but also considering the determinants in training statisticians. In the last paragraph, a general proposal for promoting the development of statistical education in Latin-American countries is introduced; the proposal derives from the communalities of Colombia and Mexico.


Nitrogen (N2) gas Auto controller box is one of the important tools that is needed by all semiconductor companies. This is because usually no device being used to control the flow of gas. Therefore, N2 gas are released continously and it lead to wastage and higher cost. By using the Nitrogen gas Auto controller, it will be able to control the amount of N2 gas being released, no leakage, reduce the usage og N2 gas, reduce the cost and at the same time prevent the oxidation of metal during the 3D printing process. The objective of this project is to design a device to control the flow of N2 gas and its usage, to reduce the costs and to implement the device to semiconductor companies. In this project, arduino software and hardware is used because compared to other microcontroller this software is easy to implement and used in term of programming language and also it is easy to test on the hardware which is other microcontroller the circuit have to build by own and this is already build in and straight away can test on hardware. The expected results is when the N2 gas level researches the threshold or the critical point, the LED will blink in red and automatically the valve will be open to fill the cabinet with the gas. Once it reaches it full capacity, the sensor will detect it, LED will turn off and valve will be automatically closed. The greatest contribution of this device is there will no continous release of gas in the cabinet which use up a lot of gas and end up in high cost. This device greatly reduces the wastage and costs. Its an economic way to prevent metal oxidation in semiconductor companies.


As a developing country, Indonesia is currently actively developing itself in all its main fields of tourism. Diversity of tourism in Indonesia, one of which is located on Madura Island which has approximately 60 attractions spread across four districts namely Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan and Sumenep. However, the current condition, there are many attractions that are not explored in the outside community so that many tourists do not know which attractions are revised. This study focuses on how to make a decision support system that provides tourist attractions for tourists. The method used is Fuzzy Mamdani which can produce the best decision by determining the Min-Max value and finding the fuzzy value based on its center. This research succeeded in making a system that provides tourist attraction recommendations for tourists by using fuzzy mamdani based on three criteria, namely the number of visitors, the distance of the tourist location to the city center, and the review of visitors on the internet. A post-publication change was made to this article on 20 Apr 2020 as the previously published article was a duplicate.


This paper presents the General Electric (GE) mixed (uranium, plutonium)-oxide (MOX) fuel development, fabrication, and irradiation testing experience. This experience is relevant to the current U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) weapons plutonium disposition program.


North Yorkshire County Council final Government funding settlement provides an additional £15m over the next two years as transitional relief, reducing ...


The article examines socio-economic and political influences on gifted education. It highlights the widespread disparity between advantaged and disadvantaged 'gifted and talented' students in terms of the extent to which they benefit from gifted education. Negative perceptions of social egalitarianism and societal misconceptions in giftedness are critically analysed. Cultural aspects related to gifted education are emphasized with a particular focus on the specific 'science' domain of giftedness. The article proposes and outlines future research in gifted education to address the issues of 'cultural-clashes' and 'cross-cultural border crossing' encountered by gifted and other students in their daily lives. Future outcomes from the proposed research might help teachers adapting their teaching styles and pedagogies to address the needs of gifted students, and assist future longitudinal research related to their cognitive, affective and social development.


We carried out a taxonomic on of for we from North Korea is misidentification of S. porrecticollis. We herein provide redescription of S. porrecticollis and the result of DNA barcoding of congeners belonging to Scutellathous.


With the increasing number of detected exoplanet samples, the statistical properties of planetary systems have become much clearer. In this review, we summarize the major statistical results that have been revealed mainly by radial velocity and transiting observations, and try to interpret them within the scope of the classical core-accretion scenario of planet formation, especially in the formation of different orbital architectures for planetary systems around main sequence stars. Based on the different possible formation routes for different planet systems, we tentatively classify them into three major catalogs: hot Jupiter systems, standard systems and distant giant planet systems. The standard system can be further categorized into three sub-types under different circumstances: solar-like systems, hot Super-Earth systems, and subgiant planet systems. We also review the theory of planet detection and formation in binary systems as well as planets in star clusters.