Choosing the optimum tool shape for soil cutting is an urgent task for shaftsinking and tunnelling as well as in soil treatment for agriculture. The roadhead shape at the available load determines the stress-strain state of soil and development depth in the bottomhole area. By changing the roadhead contour, the penetration efficiency can be increased, while the feed force and tool wear can be reduced.Purpose: The aim of the work is to create the roadhead calculation algorithm and determine the stress-strain state of soil near it with a minimum number of boundary conditions, no discretization of the entire region into elements and approximation between nodes.Design/methodology: Test tasks for the proposed methodology for the roadhead and the bottom-hole area. The numerical model of the boundary conditions is based on the integral formulation of the Kelvin elasticity theory problem and uses the potential method as fictitious loads and discontinuous displacements, that makes it possible to minimize the problem with regard to symmetry, obtain a more compact system of equations and give accurate solutions at any domain point.Research findings: The assessment of the stress state of the roadhead of various shape and the bottom-hole zone of soil; loss of soil strength calculated according to the Mohr–Coulomb theory.Originality/value: The proposed method for solving the boundary value problem is recommended as an express method for estimating the roadhead stress state of an arbitrary shape in infinite regions with regard to the symmetry and implementation in Excel.


AbstactBased on a lot of analysis for field data,this paper validates the salinity in the Qiantang River for a long time and many stations.Carried on forceasts of salinity in the Qiantang River for many years,the law of salinity intrusion in the Qiantang River and the effect of salinity by runoff has been mastered essentially.According to the mantioned above,it is the impact of the rising of sea level for the salinity intrusion in the Qiantang River.


Since 1937 the dry alcohol metaldehyde has been known to act as a molluscicide. Detailed studies have shown that the main effect on slugs is that the mucus cells are irreversibly damaged. Mucus cells are part of important physiological structures typical of molluscs. Metaldehyde is not phytotoxic and in no cases have negative effects been recorded on the carabid beetles Poecilus cupreus, Carabus granulatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Harpalus rufipes, the staphylinid beetle Aleochara bilineata, the honey bee (Apis mellifica), the aphid parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi and the predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri. No adverse effects were found on three earthworm species (Lumbricus terrestris, Allolobophora chloroti and Eisenia fetida). Studies with wild living mammals, hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) fed with metaldehyde-contaminated slugs and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) exposed to metaldehyde slug pellets did not show any signs of disturbance. No adverse effects on tilapia (Tilapia mossambicus), carp, milkfish (Chanos chanos) and on Crustacea were found in aquatic systems. Metaldehyde does not show any tendency to accumulate in soils, water bodies, plants and mammals. Under natural conditions it completely degrades to CO2 and H2O. THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT METALDEHYDE The first systematic reporting of Metaldehyde as a slug control agent goes back to Gimingham & Newton in 1937. From this year on it attracted the attention of agricultural research as a molluscicide and the first commercial formulations appeared on the market, offered to farmers, vegetable and ornamental growers. Metaldehyde was first discovered by von Liebig in 1835. It is the cyclic tetramer of acetaldehyde (Fig. 1), forming tetragonal prisms. Figure 1. Chemical structure of Metaldehyde. It can be considered as a solid alcohol, a pure hydrocarbon that degrades to acetaldehyde, then to acetic acid and thereafter into water and carbon dioxide (CO2). Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance and an intermediate in the degradation chain of ethanol in mammals. The mode of action of metaldehyde on slugs was investigated in detail in several studies by Triebskorn et al. (Triebskorn, 1989; Triebskorn & Ebert, 1989; Triebskorn & Schweizer; 1990; Triebskorn et al. 1998). The main findings of these studies were that the mucus cells of slugs, typical for land molluscs, essential for land-life, are irreversibly destroyed. Metaldehyde acts very fast in slugs or snails inducing severe alterations and ultrastructural destructions in mucocytes independent of the exterior conditions, independently also at low temperatures and high precipitation rates. These findings also enlighten the fact that Metaldehyde is a highly specific molluscicide active ingredient, as will be shown in this paper. DEGRADATION AND FATE OF METALDEHYDE IN THE ENVIRONMENT In top soils under aerobic conditions Metaldehyde completely get degraded within a few days. In average German agricultural soils a DT50 of 5.3 to 9.9 days are observed (Lonza proprietary data). Similar observations can be made in water sediments under moderate temperature conditions (Fig. 2). Metaldehyde is completely degraded with a DT50 of about 12 days. It's only metabolite acetaldehyde is formed transiently and finally mineralised to CO2. The original carbon from metaldehyde is recovered as carbon dioxide. Figure 2: Degradation of Metaldehyde in water sediment over a 100 day period at moderate temperatures (Lonza proprietary data). More rapid degradation of Metaldehyde is reported by Calumpang et al. (1995) in rice paddies in Philippines. The maximum concentration measured in the water body reaches 1.58 mg/l, whereas the Metaldehyde content fell below the detection limit within 9 days after treatment. The calculated halflife time is 0.27 day. A complete degradation of Metaldehyde in the soil was observed. The Metaldehyde content with a peak of 0.127 mg per kg soil fell in the soil below the analytical detection level within 22 days after treatment. The authors concluded that the use of Metaldeyhde as a molluscicide in rice production does not lead to persistent residues in the various components of a rice paddy ecosystem. Similar results were found by Coloso et al. (1998), where the Metaldehyde content constantly fell to 1 % of its original concentration in the sediment of fish ponds within 15 day. In the water body the Metaldehyde content decreased to 16 % of the maximum concentration in the same time range. 0 20 40 60 80 100


Background Eldecalcitol, which was developed by Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.(Tokyo,Japan)as a treatment for osteoporosis, is a new derivative of active vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)with a hydroxypropyloxy group introduced at the 2β position. Vitamin D has been reported toinduce CYP3A4 in the gastrointestinal tract in in vitro studies1,2). It is important to investigatethe effects of eldecalcitol on CYP3A4 because many medicinal products are substrates ofCYP3A4, and it is very likely that some will be used concomitantly by patients takingeldecalcitol.Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of multiple doses ofeldecalcitol on the drug-metabolizing enzyme, CYP3A4, and to verify safety in healthy malevolunteers.Methods To investigate the effects of eldecalcitol on the drug-metabolizing enzyme,CYP3A4, double-blinded eldecalcitol 0.75 μg or placebo was orally administered once dailyfor 14 days in healthy male volunteers, and a probe drug(simvastatin), which is a substrateof CYP3A4, was orally administered on the day before the start and the day after completionof dosing of eldecalcitol. The effects of eldecalcitol on the drugmetabolizing enzyme,CYP3A4, were investigated by comparing the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and its metabolite,simvastatin hydroxyacid, at baseline and after multiple doses of eldecalcitol.Results The geometric mean ratios of the Cmax and AUClast for simvastatin were 1.158 and0.964, respectively, in the placebo group and 0.809 and 0.848, respectively, in the eldecalcitolgroup. The geometric mean ratios of the Cmax and AUClast for the metabolite, simvastatinhydroxyacid, were 0.958 and 0.874, respectively, in the placebo group and 0.894 and 0.929,respectively, in the eldecalcitol group. The 90 % confidence intervals for these parameterswere all inclusive of 1 other than the Cmax for simvastatin in the eldecalcitol group. The Cmaxof simvastatin showed a tendency to decrease after multiple doses of eldecalcitol, but theAUClast of simvastatin and the Cmax and AUClast of the open-acid form were unchanged, andtherefore the effects on CYP3A4 of multiple doses of eldecalcitol were not considered to beclinically relevant.Conclusions The effects of multiple doses of eldecalcitol on CYP3A4 were not consideredto be clinically relevant. There were no adverse events considered to be clinically significant,and there were no variations seen in laboratory test or physiological test values and 12-leadECG. From pharmacokinetic and safety standpoints, it is unlikely that there were clinicallyrelevant even if patients were to take eldecalcitol for long periods and concomitantly take oneof the many medicinal products that are substrates of CYP3A4.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2011;39:275-85)


Objective To investigate relationships of early clinical presentations of acute fatty liver of pregnancy(AFLP) and its treatment with maternal and neonatal outcomes.Methods The clinical data of 7 pregnant women with AFLP admitted to our hospital over a 12-year period were retrospectively studied.Results Most pregnant women with AFLP presented malaise,nausea,vomiting,and loss of appetite and epigastric discomfortability followed by jaundice in their third trimester of pregnancy.Laboratory findings included raised transaminases and total serum bilirubin levels,hypoalbuminemia,hypofibrogenemia,prolonged prothrombin time and prolonged partial thromboplastin time.Maternal complications included mainly ascites,hypoglycemia,renal insufficiency,dysfunction of blood coagulation,preeclampsia,postpartum hemorrhage and hepatic encephalopathy.3 pregnant women with AFLP received cesarean section.The maternal and neonatal mortality rate was 28% totally.Conclusion Early identification and treatment for AFLP can improve pregnancy outcomes significantly.Of which,the key treatment of the disease include timely termination of pregnancy and infusion of high dose of fresh plasma for those pregnant women.


Simple and weak sufficient conditions for hypoellipticity are given by L. HSrmander which include not only differential operators but also pseudo-differential operators ([2] 4 Theorem 4.2, p. 164). In this note we shall give a slightly different sufficient condition for hypoellipticity which is stated by using a basic weight function depending also on the x-variable instead of (} only. The usage such a basic weight unction is effective for study of asymptotic behavior of spectral function of hypoelliptic differential operator which will appear in a forthcoming paper. We confine ourselves in case of differential operators but it seems quite possible to extend it in case of pseudo-differential operators, because the proof of the main theorem depends on a construction of parametrix just along the arguments in [1] and [2]. I wish to thank Mr. M. Nagase for his advice through discussion.


There are certain errors between the prediction from the finite element model and the experimental results from the test model or an actual structure.Updating the existing structural dynamic model based on the measured modal data is very important in predicting the actual behaviors of the structure precisely.The analytical mass and stiffness matrices are assumed correct and only the viscous damping matrix needs to be updated in this paper.By solving a constrained optimization problem,the optimal corrected semi-positive definite damping matrix complied with the required eigenvalue equation is found under a weighted Frobenius norm sense.


A simple geometrical method of the analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns from crystals with arbitrary atomic lattice containing stacking faults and thin microtwin plates is presented. The theory takes account of the effect of changing interplanar spacing along the line of the intersection of a lattice plane with a stacking fault or a microtwin. This approach significantly simplifies the analysis of diffraction effects and their summation when considering polycrystalline objects. A detailed study of the size of microtwins and true blocks of martensite crystals in Fe–Ni alloys containing from 10 to 33 % Ni is presented. It was found out that microtwin thickness obtained from the diffractional analysis coincided with that determined by the transmission electron microscopy. A model of stacking fault in the (001) plane of cementite is proposed. Diffraction theory was considered and concentration of stacking faults was determined based on anisotropy of diffraction maxima broadening. The theory presented in the paper can be used both for the analysis of experimental diffraction patterns and for further development of diffractional methods of studying the structure of metals and alloys.


Significant amount of knowledge is created in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) as a result of the academic, research and administrative activities. Deployment of the knowledge generated towards performance enhancement, decision making and process improvement will yield effective results such as enhanced planning and development, better administrative services, improved teaching and learning processes, effective faculty and student performance evaluation, efficient research, and better placements and recruitments. To generate the desired outcomes, the institutions need to better access, analyse and utilize the institutional knowledge for extracting the existing relationships, associations, patterns and trends in knowledge. The author proposes a tiered architecture for capture and storage of institutional knowledge and its transformation into institutional intelligence. The research adopts a three phase approach, the first phase consisting of identification of the functional domains and performance indicators that determine performance, the second phase being the proposed architecture and the third phase consists of modeling the architecture using knowledge management and data mining methods. This paper covers with the first two phases of the research and the third phase is proposed to be taken up as a future work.


Polypropylenes produced with various heterogeneous titanium-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts were fractionated by solvent extraction technique. The infrared analysis of the fractions indicates the presence of a crystalline syndiotactic sequence, soluble in xylene at 20°C, and boiling hexane soluble fractions of all samples examined. Highly syndiotactic polypropylene (proportion of rrrr pentad is 0,50), comparable in syndiotacticity to the syndiotactic polymer prepared at −78°C with a homogeneous vanadium catalyst, was separated from the xylenesoluble fraction of the polymer prepared with the system TiCl3-Al(C2H5)2Cl by means of elution column fractionation. The steric irregularities are mainly rrrm and rrmr (ratio ≈ 1:1), suggesting that the propagation is controlled mainly by end-groups. Chemical inversions, i. e., head-to-head or tail-to-tail linkages of propylene units, are practically absent, though they are seen in syndiotactic polypropylenes prepared with vanadium catalysts.


Of all the greenhouse gases present in the atmosphere,methane has assumed considerable significance in recent years due to its impact on the earth's climate and stratospheric ozone chemistry.Natural wetlands are major source of methane,emitting approximately 21% of total global emissions to the atmosphere.In this paper,some questions about methane research were discussed,including measurement methods,factors and temporal and spatial variation of methane emission fluxes from wetlands.Several emission models were introduced briefly and various suggestions for future research were put forward.


The nature of the phase transition in body-centered tetragonal helimagnets with both XV and Heisenberg spins is studied by extensive Monte Carlo simulati.ons. In the XV case, evidence of a first order transition associated with the loss of helical ordering is found. The dependence on the tur.n angle. Q is shown. In the Heisenberg case, only one second order transition i s f 0 u nd . Cr i t i ca 1 e xp 0 ne n t s a and v are cal cui a t ed us i ng finite size scaling. I. I NTRODUCT I ON There has been a growing interest in the phase transition in helimagnets both experimentally and theoretically. However, its nature is still a subject of controversy. Experimentally, measurements of specific heat [1-3] in rare-earth metals Tb, Dy and Ho at the helical-paramagnetic transition were interpreted as evidence of a second order (SO) transition. However, other experiments suggested a weakly first order (FO) transition in Tb [4],Dy [5] and Ho [6]. On the other hand, data qn En [7] and Cr [8] show a Fa transition. Theoretically, Barak and Walker [9] found by a Renormalization Group (RG) calculation evidence of a FO transition in ~ontradirition with early RG calculation [10]. Garel and Pfeuty [11] found that the transition depends on the number of spin components and on the turn angle Q between spins of adjacent layers Dzyaloshinskii [12] showed that with exchange interaction alone only Fa transition is possible in helimagnets. A recent analysis of the nature of helical transition in many-component spins in an arbitrary dime'nsion d has also been done [13], but the case of d~3 With XV and Heisenberg spins was not conclusive, On the other hand, recent Monte Carlo (MC) simulations [14] for stacked anti ferromagnetic triangular layers (AFT) were interpreted as evidence of a SO transition for both XV aryd Heisenberg spins. II. MODEL AND TECHNIQUE In this paper, we consider a body-centered tetragonal (bet) lattice. The Hamiltonian is written as H =J ~ i .i S i • S.i J t ~ i kS i • Sk ( 1 ) where S1 is either an XV or a Heisenberg spin of unit length at the site i.J and Jf .are exchange integrals between spins in the (Ill} directions and along the c-axis, respectively. Here, both J and J' are taken to be negative to represent helical anti ferromagnetic materials Let n be the ratio J'/J ()O). Physical quantities wi II be measured in uni ts of I J I. The turn angle between spins belonging to two adjacent (basal) planes perpendicula~ to the c-axis is given by .co s (Q) = -1/ n (2) The helcal structure is therefore stable for n > 1 (90°< Q <


Implantation of polycrystalline silicon films (poly-Si) with H+, He+, N+, and Ar+ ions at doses between 1013 and 2 × 1017 ions cm−2 are studied. The number of paramagnetic vacancy-type defects (VV-centres) ΔNvv are measured by EPR technique at 77 K. Also the structure of poly-Si and effective grain size are controlled by electron diffraction. Implantation of poly-Si with H+, H+, and H ions is found to lead to the appearance of VV-centres in contrast to the data on Si single crystals. There are two stages in the dose dependence of ΔNvv. When ΔNvv is saturated at high doses the poly-Si layers are not completely amorphized by H+ and H2+ irradiation as distinguished from the samples, implanted with N+ and Ar+ ions, where the amorphization dose Da is less than that of Si single crystals by a factor of 100. Da is found to increase for the implanted samples of poly-Si annealed before. The discussion of the results obtained is based on the assumption of the important role of intrinsic stresses in the accumulation of defects in poly-Si up to amorphization.

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This paper presents a numerical investigation of laminar mixed convection cooling of heat source embedded on the bottom wall of an enclosure filled with nanofluids. The transport equations for a Newtonian fluid are solved numerically with finite difference method. The influences of governing parameters, namely, Rayleigh number, Reynolds number, location and geometry of the heat source, the type of nanofluid and solid volume fraction of nanoparticles on the cooling performance is studied. The present results are validated by favorable comparisons with previously published results. The results of the problem are presented in graphical and tabular forms and discussed.


Pulse compression radar transmits modulated (coded) long pulses and compresses the corresponding echo signals, resulting in fine range resolution. Frequency modulation is typically used, however binary phase modulation codes represent an alternative technique. For a given range resolution, pulse compression results in increased sensitivity over that of a none-compressed pulse. It is also evident that in addition to increased sensitivity and finer range resolution, pulse compression provides the possibility of obtaining independent weather echo samples more rapidly than what is possible by non-modulated pulses. As a result, pulse compression yields estimates that are as accurate as conventional radar, but with a considerably smaller number of pulses per estimate. This facilitates the use of higher scan speeds, for instance for more rapid volumetric coverage. On the other hand, with an equal number of pulses, a pulse compression radar would provide superior quality and sensitivity as compared with a conventional radar. This is invaluable in investigating weak and noisy signals such as those found in clear air or non-precipitating clouds or in the depolarization channel with polarimetric measurements.


The invention discloses an anti-electrostatic shell fabric in calvary twill weave. The shell fabric is characterized in that a fabric base interwoven with warps and wefts is in the composite twill weave with structures of exposed weaving four times and embedded weaving once, exposed weaving three times and embedded weaving once, exposed weaving four times and embedded weaving twice, exposed weaving once and embedded weaving once and exposed weaving once and embedded weaving twice, twills are clear and highly stereoscopic. The warps and the wefts are high in arraying density and compactness, so that the anti-electrostatic shell fabric is thick, compact, fine in wear resistance and high in dust filtering efficiency and generates no dust. Further, anti-electrostatic yarns are uniformly embedded in the fabric base body and concealed between the warps and the wefts, so that anti-electrostatic performance cannot be reduced evidently by common washing and friction. In addition, the anti-electrostatic shell fabric is capable of completely meeting the requirements of anti-electrostatic clothing on the aspects of anti-electrostatic performance and dustproof performance.


We describe an experimental evaluation of a Nyquist-WDM-based transmission system. Nine 10.7 GHz-spaced WDM channels were generated, carrying polarisation-division-multiplexed QPSK with digital Nyquist pulse shaping at 10 Gbaud. Back-to-back characterisation and long-haul transmission tests using a recirculating fibre loop are described, and a comparison of experimental performance with that predicted by theory, based on the Gaussian-noise model of nonlinear propagation, is carried out.


The above quotation may be translated as follows: 'God's greatest works occur silently'. The famous Welsh minister was referring to the appearance of dew and snow, but the same statement could be applied to the autonomic nervous system whose existence is taken for granted until it begins to fail. , Autonomic neuropathy was only generally recognized as part of the spectrum of nerve damage in diabetes following the work of Jordan in 1936 and Rundles in 1945.


Cavity optomechanics is showing promise for studying quantum mechanics in large systems. However, smallness of the radiation-pressure coupling is a serious hindrance. Here we show how the charge tuning of the Josephson inductance in a single-Cooper-pair transistor (SCPT) can be exploited to arrange a strong radiation pressure -type coupling $g_0$ between mechanical and microwave resonators. In a certain limit of parameters, such a coupling can also be seen as a qubit-mediated coupling of two resonators. We show that this scheme allows reaching extremely high $g_0$. Contrary to the recent proposals for exploiting the non-linearity of a large radiation pressure coupling, the main non-linearity in this setup originates from a cross-Kerr type of coupling between the resonators, where the cavity refractive index depends on the phonon number. The presence of this coupling will allow accessing the individual phonon numbers via the measurement of the cavity.


The goals of promoting diversity, equity and inclusion have gained currency in planning practice, and institutions are increasingly expected to address structural inequalities related to race, ethnicity and other forms of marginalization. This article examines how six Canadian municipalities have adapted their parks, recreation and culture strategic plans, policies, programs and services in response to international migration and racial diversity. The analysis of official documents and interviews with municipal officials and community representatives reveals that municipalities have adopted de facto multicultural planning practices aligned with the state paradigm of immigrant integration and national identity, even when the term "multiculturalism" is rarely employed in official discourse. They have also incorporated some aspects of mainstreaming into the planning repertoire. In Canada, mainstreaming is not an alternative to group-specific programing, but an additional mechanism for the recognition of difference in public institutions.


Patients suffering from complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) are increasingly shown to be affected by cognitive difficulties. While these cognitive symptoms were initially described as limited to the perception, representation and use of the body, that is, the somatic space, they were recently shown to also extend to the perception of extra‐somatic space. CRPS patients seem indeed to pay less attention to visual stimuli occurring in the same side of space as their affected limb and especially those occurring close to that limb. The aim of the present study was to more precisely characterize these visuospatial biases, by investigating whether they may be dependent on the visually perceived proximity between the visual stimuli and the affected limb.


........................................................................................................................................... 10 1.0 Introduction and Rationale ............................................................................................... 10 2.0 Overview of the Evolution of Social Security in Nigeria and Lessons Learned ....... 12 3.0 The Case for a Comprehensive Social Security System in Nigeria ............................. 13 4.0 Conclusion and Policy Implications ................................................................................ 18 References ....................................................................................................................................... 19 Observations ................................................................................................................................... 20 Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 20 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations GNP Gross National Product HPI Human Poverty Index FGN Federal Government Nigeria NPF National Provident Fund UAC United Africa Company PenCom National Pension Commission PFCs Pension Fund Custodians PFAs Pension Fund Administrators COLA Cost of Living Adjustment WDI World Development Indicators NSITF National Social Insurance Trust Fund NGOs Non Governmental Organisations


in this paper a comprehensive discussion about the entire EPS network structure and functionality of the various nodes residing in both radio access part and non radio network part is provided. The EPS interfaces, bearer establishment, QoS criteria and interworking with other networks such GSM also have outlined.


Image retrieval by spatial arrangement underlies a matching problem for the interpretation of entities specified in the user query on the entities appearing in the image of the database, and for the joint comparison of their features and spatial relationships. We provide a graph-theoretical formulation and discuss the size of the problem of spatial matching as encountered in the specific application context of retrieval by visual content. We then expound and evaluate an original state-space search algorithm which supports efficient comparison of models through an heuristic bounding approach.


Twenty years ago, the idea of pushing a piece of plastic into a machine and getting cash out any time, day or night, was still a novelty. Nowadays, we think nothing of handing over our reward card at Sainsbury's, collecting points and giving away all sorts of information on our shopping habits - from our favourite washing powder to how many bottles of wine we get through a week.


The researcher specifies the relation between the latent and observed variables and inter-correlation is allowed between all the factors. This research is based on proposing and evaluating the model based on the association between internal and external collaboration, IT capability, and performance of a firm. The study results in important implications, which are important from managerial and theoretical perspectives. The study contributes in a significant way through testing empirically the theoretical assumptions in the previous literature based on the influence of IT on firm performance and collaboration. The study has used the SEM-PLS as a statistical technique to answer the research questions. In this research, it has been considered that there are two constructs of collaboration. Separate constructs have been developed for internal and external collaboration. Moreover, stages are involved in collaboration including simple sharing of information to a truly developed collaboration. A key finding of this study is the influence of internal collaboration on the performance of firm. This finding has been suggested by several research studies, but it does not confirm the crucial role served by internal collaboration. The study, which is among the pioneering studies on the issue will provide policy guidelines to relevant ministry and also helps the researchers in understanding the issues in the Thai auto industry.


The phenomenon of fermion oscillations in matter is examined using the Dirac equation. The resonant oscillation observed by Mikheyev, Smirnov, Wolfenstein, and Bethe for solar neutrinos is reinterpreted as birefringence for a family of fermion waves. Particular attention is given to the presence of negative-energy states in the medium, and the resultant redefinition of the ground state. Such a redefinition is not expected to affect significantly the solution to the solar-neutrino puzzle posed by a resonant oscillation frequency within the solar core, but can alter the propagation of fermions through ultradense media.


ABSTRACT Inpatient ward social climate and sense of community can influence the recovery and care experiences of forensic mental health patients. This research evaluated an intervention designed to improve social climate and sense of community within a high-secure psychiatric hospital in the UK. The intervention was offered across six wards: two wards received the full intervention, two received the partial intervention, and two received no intervention (control). Social climate and sense of community were measured prior to the start of the intervention 6 and 18 months into the intervention, using the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema and the Sense of Community Index-2. Changes in frequency of disruptive behaviour were also monitored across time points. Results revealed that the full and the partial intervention groups reported greater feelings of social climate than the control group. This effect was also observed across time points, with higher social climate scores in the full and partial intervention groups compared to control group at 6 and 18 months. Furthermore, social climate scorespredicted a significant reduction in frequency of incidents across time in the full intervention. These findings provide longitudinal evidence of the importance of developing ward social climate and sense of community within forensic inpatient settings.


The author considers the activity of agency in the sale and lease of real property and the mandatory insurance of agents. This activity was introduced into the legal system of the Republic of Serbia for the first time under the Law on Agency in Real Property Sales and Lease (ZOP). The new activity was perfected within the legal system by introducing changes in the requirements for registration in the Register of Agents. The improvement of the activity lasted from November 2013, when the ZOP was adopted, until January 2020, when the last amendment to the ZOP began to be applied. One of the stipulated requirements for registration into the Register of Agents provided for the submission of a valid insurance contract concluded in accordance with Article 13 of the Law on Agency in Real Property Sales and Lease. By making a connection between the provisions of the ZOP on mandatory insurance and the Official Explication under Law on Agency in Real Property Sales and Lease, the author established that the provisions of the Law did not give a clear answer to an agent whether he had to renew a valid insurance contract after having done the registration. The author tries to overcome the stated ambiguity of the provisions of the Law on Agency in Real Property Sales and Lease by proposing, in the conclusions, a wording that corresponds to the comparative legal solutions on the mandatory insurance of property sales and lease agents.


The different preparation methods were tested in dry grass preparation from fresh green manure crop to provide a set of technique with energy-saving for production of dry grass preparation from fresh green manure crop.The results showed that the sun-drying+oven drying method with energy-saving and lower nutrition loss of dry grass could be easily popularized in rural areas.The method of removing water by a squeezer and oven drying with the better energy-saving effect and higher quality of dry grass is suitable to utilization in processing enterprises of forage grass.The method of removing water by a squeezer and oven drying combined with concentrating utilization of squeezed juices from fresh green manure crops is of the best energy-saving effect and economic benefit.


This study analyzes the political economy in implementing halal tourism policies in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The concept of political economy is used to find and analyze the implementation of halal tourism policies on social, economic and political life in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The data in this study were collected through interviews, documentation and literature review. The data source comes from primary data collected using interviews conducted with policymakers about halal tourism. In comparison, the secondary sources in this study came from the Central Statistics Agency, journals, and seeds that are considered relevant to this research. Data analysis was carried out in three stages, first, data reduction; second, data verification and third, withdrawal. The results of this study found three important things in the implementation of halal tourism. First, halal tourism is the government's strategy to introduce Lombok to the international world. Second, Halal tourism is the government's strategy to grow the community's economic sector. Third, Halal tourism is the government's political economy strategy to strengthen the legitimacy of political power among the community and strengthen the relationship between local governments and the central government as a form of loyalty from regional heads to the central government.


Is there a "Deleuzian Politics"? How is one to appropriate the philosophical legacy, as suggestive and problematic as it is, bequeathed to us by Gilles Deleuze? The toolbox consisting in his various reflections sets us in different directions according to the apparatus to which it is conjoined. In what follows, we propose a critical overview of the main interpretative threads of Deleuze's works with respect to politics.


This paper explores definitions and boundaries of Mandarin modal verbs in a data-driven method, which selects "Rongyi", "Hao" and "Nan", three semi-modal verbs as probes. Based on data in the BCC corpus, cluster analysis, chronological changes and motion charts are applied to observe them comprehensively. It not only shows attributes of "Rongyi", "Hao" and "Nan" systematically, but also suggests feasibility of forming a dynamic and continuous categorization of linguistic data with the assistance of corpus and technical tools.


The fabrication of iron and iron carbide nanoparticles (NPs) for catalytic reactions such as the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) compete with the challenge of covering a wide range of substrates with perfect control of the NP reactivity. We present in this work a novel atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to grow Fe/Fe3C thin films over silica flat substrates. The depositions were carried out exposing the surface through various number of ALD cycles, resulting in Fe-based films with thicknesses ranging from 4 nm to almost 40 nm. After a thermal treatment, the film dewetts into nanoparticles, where the efficiency to grow CNTs will depend on the average size distribution of the nanocatalyst. X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to track the elemental, phase, and shape (film to particles) transformation in order to identify the key features of the nanocatalyst, thereby controlling the CNT nucleation and growth. Thin film thickness of around 5 nm promotes the growth of a dense CNT forest. Furthermore, the metal–CNT films reveal optical properties that are totally tailored by the initial number of ALD cycles.


In B cells, the error-prone repair of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID)-induced lesions in immunoglobulin variable genes cause somatic hypermutation (SHM) of antibody genes. Due to clonal selection in the germinal centers (GC) this active mutation process provides the molecular basis for antibody affinity maturation. AID deaminates cytosine (C) to create uracil (U) in DNA. Typically, the short patch base excision repair (spBER) effectively restores genomic U lesions. We here demonstrate that GC B cells actively degrade DNA polymerase β (Polβ), resulting in the inactivation of the gap-filling step of spBER. Consequently, lesions instigated by AID, and likely other base damages, are channeled towards mutagenic non-canonical mismatch repair (mncMMR), responsible for the vast majority of mutations at adenine and thymine (A:T) bases. Apparently, GC B cells prohibit faithful spBER, thereby favoring A:T mutagenesis during SHM. Lastly, our data suggest that the loss of Polβ relates to hypoxia that characterizes the GC microenvironment.


That remittances are a stable source of external finance seems to have become the received wisdom. In addition, many studies have found remittances to behave counter-cyclically, increasing during crises and times of hardship for the recipient countries. Are remittances reliable macroeconomic stabilizers? To answer this question, the present study examines the stability, cyclicality, and stabilizing impact of remittances in comparison with the same three features for other foreign-exchange inflows, namely foreign direct investment and official development aid. The analysis is performed at the country and regional levels rather than at the aggregate or global level (on which much of the received wisdom rests), because policymakers are concerned with the impact of remittances in their country rather than at the global level. The main findings for 1980-2007 are that in a majority of countries: i) official development aid is more stable than remittances, and remittances are more stable than foreign direct investment; ii) official development aid is counter-cyclical, while remittances are pro-cyclical, although less so than foreign direct investment; and iii) official development aid is stabilizing and remittances are destabilizing, although less so than foreign direct investment. The paper suggests that it is necessary to examine counter-cyclicality separately from the stabilizing impact, as the former does not seem to always imply the latter.


Q W D 2 7 Fig. 3. (a) Peak pulse intensity versus concentration of the fast component. The horizontal dashed line indicates the value of the peak intensity for the monocomponent medium of slow atoms. The parabolic dashed line shows the dependency of the peak intensity for the monocomponent medium of the fast atoms on the atomic number density. The parabolic shape of this curve reflects the superradiative nature of emission. @) The temporal pulse width versus concentration of the fast component. The horizontal dashed line is the pulse width for the monocomponent medium of slow atoms.


A CAC(Call Admission Control) algorithm is proposed with maximizing the system's admission rate and resource utilization when WiMAX system is busy.Firstly,admission control model is presented using Gini coefficient based on economic concepts.Then,the algorithm calculates admission probability using modified sigmoid function.Finally,according to the admission probability,the system decides whether to accept new business.Simulation results show that:compared with the typical cut-off priority algorithm,the admission rate and resource utilization are greatly enhanced in new algorithm when the system is busy.


Simple graphical methods are given for transforming chord measurements into representation of grain-size distributions. These methods may be applied to infinite varieties of grain size and result in volume percentage frequencies.


Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium that is found in the environment, including in soil and surface water. K. pneumoniae readily colonizes human mucosal surfaces, such as those found in the gastrointestinal tract and oropharynx. K. pneumoniae can spread from colonizing sites to other tissues, leading to urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and other infections in humans. Recently, concerns have arisen due to the emergence and dissemination of hypervirulent (HV) or antibiotic resistant strains. To date, several K. pneumoniae virulence factors have been identified: the capsule, lipopolysaccharide, siderophores, and fimbriae (also known as pili). Of these, the capsule, which is synthesized by gene products from the capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) locus, is the most thoroughly studied virulence factor for K. pneumoniae. In the bacterium, the capsule confers resistance against the bactericidal activity of antimicrobial peptides, complement, and phagocytes. In addition, the capsule averts fulminant activation of the immune response. Acapsular K. pneumoniae strains are markedly less virulent than isogenic encapsulated strains in mouse models, and the strains that produce a capsule conferring a hypermucoviscous phenotype become HV. Over 70 capsular serotypes have been reported for K. pneumoniae. Among these, strains with the K1 and K2 capsular serotypes, which mainly cause liver abscess and belong to particular clones, are known to be hypermucoviscous or HV. In addition to K1 and K2, other serotypes have been described as HV, including K5, K16, K20, K54, and K57. Although it is known that certain serotypes are more closely associated with human colonization or infection, the particular factors conferring their increased virulence are currently unclear. In this issue of Virulence, Lin et al. describe the contribution of genes located in the highly conserved region of the cps locus to the virulence of K. pneumoniae. In this study, Lin et al. identified a serotype K20 strain, which was isolated from a patient with a liver abscess, with high lethality in mice. The K20 strain belonged to ST268 based on multi-locus sequence typing analysis. Although the strain carried chromosomal and plasmid regulators of mucoid phenotype, c-rmpA, p-rmpA, and p-rmpA2, and several virulence determinants including aerobactin (iucA), yersiniabactin (irp2), salmochelin (iroB), enterobactin (entB), and iron-uptake system (kfu), it did not show a hypermucoviscous phenotype. The authors deleted 6 conserved genes (galF, acidPPC, wzi, wza, wzb, and wzc) from the cps locus of the K20 strain, and generated recombinants by complementation of the deleted mutants with genes from the K20 or K1 strains. They then characterized these mutations' effects on the bacterial virulence with respect to neutrophil phagocytosis, serum resistance, serum agglutination, and 50% lethal dose (LD50) in mice. Lin et al. determined that the 6 homologous genes from the cps locus could be categorized based on their effects on virulence. While deletion of galF and acidPPC genes, which are driven by the P1 promoter, had limited effect on virulence, the deletion of genes driven by the P2 promoter (wzi, wza, wzb, and wzc) exhibited moderate to high effects on virulence. The deletion mutants of the latter genes, which are responsible for surface assembly, CPS polymerization, and CPS production, also showed high susceptibility to neutrophilic phagocytosis and to serum. Thus, it appears that the homologous genes' influence on virulence differs according to their associated promoter or role in CPS biosynthesis. In contrast, creation of the cps gene recombinant mutants for the K1 or K20 strains did not impart consistent results. Recombinant mutants with the


The coherent CO\-2 laser imaging system has high resolution, strong anti\|interference and 3D imaging, but its imagery is usually affected by speckle noise, imaging resolution descend. It's important to study on suppressing speckle algorithms for this system. In the paper, three common algorithms——median filtering, homomorphic mean filtering, and Lee filtering were introduced and used in suppressing speckle in coherent pulse CO\-2 laser imaging system. Then these algorithms were compared. The results show that non\|iterative Lee filtering with small windows is better. The speckle noises are suppressed clearly, and image edges are maintained. \;


Free school meals provide support to vulnerable families in the Republic of Ireland. Funding is allocated as part of an anti-poverty strategy. An investigation was carried out to discover if the school meal could be used to provide nutritious scratch-cooked food as well as providing opportunities for increased socialisation and pedagogy. Food affects students in a myriad of ways and schools are in a unique position to guide what and how young people eat. This article draws on data from an ethnographic study in an inner city Dublin school. The school recently had a scratch-cooking canteen embedded within it. Using a case study methodology, this paper investigates whether this type of canteen can lead to the school becoming a more food literate entity by building a scaffolding that can facilitate a greater knowledge of food throughout the school, increased interest in tasting new foods and spaces for socialisation over a meal.


The experimental data for the charge (proton) density differences of the even Ca nuclei is analyzed by means of a simple phenomenological model where the effects of certain type short and long range correlations have been accounted. Short range correlations are approximated through the Jastrow type correlation function while for long range correlations the fluctuations of the nuclear surface are considered. The analysis shows that the combined effects of these correlations lead to a better description of the experimental charge (proton) density differences. Moreover, the calculated charge mean square radii of the even Ca nuclei exhibit a parabolic behaviour and compare well with the experimental isotope shifts from the laser spectroscopy measurements.


Populism, in academia and journalism alike, has taken on a life of its own. The London-based Guardian offered its readers an explanation of "how to spot a populist" on the pages of a late 2018 edition (Rice-Oxley and Kalia 2018). Multiple books on the topic have graced the top 10 best-seller lists on both sides of the Atlantic. A skim of any of the leading journals or the briefest of attendances at a key conference shows an explosion of attention to the term within political science. Perhaps because of its popularity, the concept of populism has developed a certain elasticity, and it is routinely used to signal everything from the radical right-wing, to nationalist, to anti-immigrant political sentiments. As Jonathan Dean and Bice Maiguashca (2020, 11) note, literature around the term "remains curiously inchoate, muddled and even misleading." For scholars of gender and politics, this puzzle goes further, given the mainstream silence around the distinctly masculine nature of populism. Across the globe, populist radical-right (PRR) parties have largely been Männerparteien (Mudde 2007), built around strongly macho characters such as Vladimir Putin and Rodrigo Duterte. Likewise, the strong gender gap that largely accompanies PRR voting and the prevalence of male candidates and leaders (with striking


A facile synthetic process to produce silver nanoparticles with controllable shapes using Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP)as surfactant is introduced.The shapes of silver nanoparticles have kept successfully in tune among quasi-spherical,right triangular and right hexagon at shapes by introducing different amounts of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP),and changing the molar ratio between the raw materials of PVP and AgNO3,and the aging temperature as well as the holding time of aging temperature.The morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles(NPs)was observed with Hitachi H△800 transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and the spectrum analysis was carried out by altra-violet visualized absorption spectrometry,and son on.


Tracheary elements appear already in the early stages of in vitro organogenesis and precede the formation of meristemoids and shoot primordia which further develop into shoots. Thus this process can be considered as an important indicator of potential, or- ganogenic capability of the explants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of auxin (IAA), cytokinin (BAP), sucrose and the light conditions (light with 16-h photope- riod, darkness) upon de novo differentiation of tracheary elements (TEs) in callus derived from mature embryos of pepper cv. Bryza. Moreover, it was to determine the proliferation ability of the callus cells and changes of callus morphology. TEs were differentiated in the form of single cells, irregular clusters, strands and whirls exclusively with reticulate and pitted thickening of the secondary wall and the clusters occurred the most frequently. Cy- tokinin used alone, as well as in auxin combination, stimulated xylogenesis with the high- est efficiency as well as with regard to the frequency and TE cell number within clusters. The highest number of TEs per cluster was obtained in the case of combination 0.1 mg·dm -3 IAA + 0.1 mg·dm -3 BAP on the light. Smooth surface, large cohesion cell degree and green colour are the morphological callus features accompanied by the effec- tive TE formation.


In 1998 a VHF (80-116 MHz) synthetic aperture radar (BioSAR) mounted on NASA's C-130 aircraft collected data over a series of Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) test sites along the Panama Canal Zone in the Republic of Panama. A biomass surface map of the area was generated by interpolating between BioSAR measurement points for a set of parallel flight lines. Accuracy testing showed that there was good agreement (/spl plusmn/10%) between the sensor-derived estimates of above ground biomass and the field data.


This paper compares the forecasting performance of the conditional autoregressive range (CARR) model with the commonly adopted GARCH model. Two major stock indices, FTSE 100 and Nikkei 225, are studies using the daily range data and daily close price data over the period 1990 to 2000. Our results suggest that improvements of the overall estimation are achieved when the CARR models are used. Moreover, we find that the CARR model gives better volatility forecasts than GARCH, as it can catch the extra informational contents of the intra-daily price variations. Finally, we also find that the inclusion of the lagged return and the lagged trading volume can significantly improve the forecasting ability of the CARR models. Our empirical results also significantly suggest the existence of a leverage effect in the U.K. and Japanese stock markets.


The aftermath of 9/11 and the corresponding rise of global militarism and imperialism have had deep consequences for the realities of Muslims around the world. The reemergence of Orientalist representations have provided the ideological justifications for military incursions. This short reflective article outlines the challenge that critical educators faced in developing an epistemological and pedagogical framework and resources for anti-Islamophobia education in response to the resurgence of neo-Orientalist politics and representations.


The one-year-old container seedlings in Aralia elata were used in this planting experiment to explore the cultivation techniques of A.elata planted for edible and medicinal purposes.The results showed that the planting density had no obvious effects on the growth of A.elata seedling height and collar diameter.The fresh mass of stems and roots and the dry mass of root bark could reach 88.9 g,299.7 g and 53.3 g,respectively,and the root bark ratio could reach 69.06% in the planting year.The lateral buds of seedlings after cutting treatment could germinate completely over winter,and form new stems.However,the death rate of the terminal buds of untreated seedlings was very high,which was about 31.53%.When the stems were cut in mid November for buds growth in water,the buds would have a low germination rate.When the stem length was more than 50 cm,the buds would germinate difficultly,but the germination rate of buds would relatively higher when the stem length was less than 50 cm.


704 available family members (mother and sister) and revealed no abnormalities. A genetic study was performed to gain insight into SCD in the family and identify family members at potential risk. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood by phenol extraction. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) in the proband was performed using the TruSight One (TSO, Illumina, San Diego, California, United States) sequencing panel. Selected genetic variants identified by NGS were followed up in the proband and relatives, using Sanger sequencing. We identified the frameshift deletion p.Thr2625fs (c.7871_7872delAC), annotated to transcript NM_004415.2 of the desmoplakin (DSP) gene, in the proband, but not in his healthy mother or sister (FIGURE 1F and 1G). Desmoplakin is a critical component of desmosome structures in the cardiac muscle, and the role of DSP mutations, including protein-truncating mutations, in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies is well established.1,2 The identified variant has not been described in the literature before or found in genomic databases (Phase 3 of 1000 Genomes, NHLBI GO Exome Sequencing Project [ESP] 6500 and Version 0.3 of ExAC). Although the recommendation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) as primary prevention remains controversial,3 it was necessary in this case. ICD was implemented owing to signs of biventricular involvement on CMR, the family history of SCD, and the result of genetic study in the patient with complex ventricular arrhythmia. A 2-year follow-up revealed that the patient remained asymptomatic, and cardiac function was stable with readings from the ICD memory Sudden cardiac death (SCD) of young, apparently healthy individuals raises questions about whether other family members are also at risk of SCD. A 30-year-old patient treated with bisoprolol (5 mg once daily) for ventricular arrhythmia for 6 months was admitted to our hospital for evaluation. A family history of SCD was identified: the patient's brother died suddenly at the age of 39 years while working at the computer. A physical examination of our patient was unremarkable. A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia (47 bpm) and low voltage, fragmented QRS in limb leads (FIGURE 1A). A transthoracic 2-dimensional echocardiogram revealed a nondilated left ventricle with borderline ejection fraction; however, the right ventricle was dilated with mild global contractile dysfunction. Subsequent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) revealed a significantly enlarged right ventricle and a slightly enlarged left ventricle (right ventricular [RV] end-diastolic volume, 151 ml/m2, n <111, and left ventricular [LV] end-diastolic volume, 111 ml/m2, n <101) with slightly reduced LV and RV ejection fractions (49% and 46%, respectively) and global hypokinesis. Additionally, diffuse changes on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were found (FIGURE 1B–D). On 24-hour Holter monitoring, sinus bradycardia (without pauses), single premature ventricular contractions, ventricular couplets, and episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (2 polymorphic triplets) were observed. A family history revealed that the proband's father died of heart failure at the age of 75 years, and a paternal cousin died suddenly (FIGURE 1E). Noninvasive clinical cardiac screening was performed in Correspondence to: Prof. Zofia T. Bilińska, MD, PhD, Ośrodek Badań Przesiewowych Dziedzicznych Chorób Układu Sercowo-Naczyniowego, Instytut Kardiologii, ul. Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warszawa, Poland, phone: +48 22 343 47 11, e-mail: email@example.com (for clinical issues); Prof. Rafał Płoski, MD, PhD, Zakład Genetyki Medycznej, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, ul. Pawińskiego 3c, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland, phone: +48 22 572 06 06, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (for genetic issues) Received: July 1, 2016. Revision accepted: August 29, 2016. Published online: September 27, 2016. Conflict of interests: none declared. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2016; 126 (9): 704-707 doi:10.20452/pamw.3567 Copyright by Medycyna Praktyczna, Kraków 2016 CLINICAL IMAGE


Abstract  Objective To study the psychometric property of the emotional well-being questionnaire (EWQ).  Materials and methods Secondary data from unpublished data of hospital personnel entering the meditation course during 2008- 2009 and previous report entitle spiritual well-being and hospital accreditation were retrieved. Internal consistency and items selection were explored in the 23-item EWQ. Then exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) analysis and the confirmatory study were tested by using the Mplus program. The goodness of fit indices were Chi-square, RMSEA, CFI and TLI. Pearson's correlation was using to study the concurrent validity between EWQ - the Srithanya stress questionnaire (ST-5) and the EWQ - the Mental Health Indicator (MHI). Results  The 16 item EWQ was retained and had Cronbach's alpha at 0.71 in the sample of 95 cases. ESEM was explored in a group 0f 163 cases. The possible model of 12 items divided into two factors, i.e.; 7 –item quality domain and the 5-item perform. Then CFA was studied in 206 cases and revealed that the model consists of two uncorrelated domains having factor loadings between 0.56 - 0.83. The goodness of fit indices were acceptable. Pearson's correlations between the EWQ - the ST5 and the EWQ - the MHI were at moderate level (r= 0.42- 0.60).  Conclusion  The 12 item EWQ was divided into 2 domains. The validity studies were acceptable in hospital personnel. The questionnaire could be applied in other samples.


This practice brief presents the work of doctoral students who aim to reform the graduate experience in their department to support marginalized students. Utilizing strategies from community organization and organizational change theories, we detail the processes of fostering community dialogue and of crafting a demand letter to communicate students' needs and recommendations. We also discuss implications as it relates to accountability, implementation, and overcoming pushback. By centering students' voices in change efforts, we hope to empower other students in dismantling oppressive systems and implementing practices to make higher education a more equitable and safer environment for marginalized students to thrive.


The SMEs sector's importance in the economic development of any country in recent years cannot be underrated especially with regard to creation of employment, innovation, uplifting the people's standard of living and financial contribution to the growth of the countries GDP. This sector's growth is hindered by the challenges of lack of financial resources to expand, the entrepreneur managerial skills, unskilled labour, production of poor quality goods, lack of market for their products, infrastructure and above all taxation policy which does not favour their growth potential. The study looked at tax influence on SMEs sector growth in Kenya. The study employed descriptive design. Primary data was collected on valuables contributing to tax influence and their effect of the growth of SMEs. A sample of 268 respondents representing 30% of targeted population of 806 enterprises in the production sectors of Nyeri Industrial area , selected through stratified and random sampling techniques. Data was collected through questionnaires, interviews and observations when necessary and it was analyzed using binary logistic regression empirical model to estimate the contribution of each valuable to the growth effect. The study found that there was a significant correlation between taxation and SMEs sector growth. The study recommends that there be a friendly tax policy for all start up businesses preferably a tax holiday, or an introduction of a growth limit which can be said to be a level stable enough to sustain tax payment.


Chromatographic stationary phases were prepared by "grafting from" and "grafting through" atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Characterization of sacrificial polymer indicated controlled polymerization. Characterization of film thickness, ion exchange capacity and column backpressure indicated that polymerization from surface bound initiator was controlled and comparable to polymerization from sacrificial initiator. Chromatographic performance in standard protein separations suggests that stationary phase selectivity and capacity are affected by both graft chain length and graft chain density.


Children's nurses and policy makers should have had time to reflect on the contents of the reports of the House of Commons Health Committee on Health Services for Children and Young People (1997a,b,c,d) and the Government's initial response (DoH, 1997). One of the central messages of the reports is that: 'Children are not simply miniature adults.' There is nothing new about this message.


One of the most intriguing debates in corporate law is over the personhood of corporations. For years, corporate theorists have tried to construct a complete and coherent theory of the corporate person. Some have argued that the corporation is merely a fictional, artificial person that exists only as a concession of state law. Others have asserted that the corporation is a real, independent person that has an ontological existence and identity of its own. The popular theoretical paradigm today is that the corporation is neither an artificial nor a real person; it is merely a nexus of contracts among the entity's various individual participants. Proponents of this contractual model, which is rooted in neoclassical economic theory, believe they have won the competition for the single best definition of the corporate person. This article argues that the current preoccupation with the contractual elements of the corporation obscures the complex reality of the multiple personas and functions of the modern corporation. In this article, Professor Ripken takes a unique inter-disciplinary approach to the conundrum of corporate personhood. Professor Ripken draws upon theories from several different schools of academic thought to shed light on the questions: what is the corporation, and how should it be regulated by the law? The article demonstrates that the corporation can be viewed independently through the lenses of philosophy, moral theory, political science, sociology, psychology, organizational theory, theology, and economics, all of which highlight separate but essential features of the corporate person. Professor Ripken argues that the law should incorporate a multi-dimensional view of corporations, even if conflicting descriptions and norms may produce seemingly inconsistent legal rules. Consistency, clarity, and coherency in the law are overrated. Ambiguity is valuable when it more closely reflects reality and produces balanced legal results that mediate between legitimate alternatives. By demonstrating the many different ways the corporate person can be perceived, this article rejects the idea that there is a single best theory of the corporation and instead recommends the adoption of a multi-dimensional model of the corporate person.


Excerpt To the editor: Central nervous system involvement in leptospirosis has been documented (1-4). Pleocytosis and elevation of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are well known. The cereb...


During the geological investigation of last several years , agroup of A-type granitic plutons has been found in the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture.These granitic plutons occur as stocks with an exposed area of less than1km 2 and lithologically include two types of biotite granite and granodiorite porphyry , which intrude into Cretaceous sedimentary rocks.A systematic analysis of whole-rock element geochemistry and Nd , Sr , Pb isotope for these A-type granites indicates that they contain high SiO2 content varying from 68.62% ~75.36%.Moreover they have relatively high K2O+Na2O ( 8.03% ~ 9.37% ) and Fe 2 O 3T ( 0.86% ~5.39% ) and low Al 2 O 3 ( 12.76% ~15.54% ) content , appearing weak peraluminous and metaluminous features.Trace elements N-MORB-normalized spider diagram displays apparent enrichment in large ion lithophile element ( LILE ) Rb , Th , U , K , Pb with Ba and Sr of marked depletion.High field strenth element ( HFSE ) Nb , Ta and Ti are sharply depleted with Zr and Hf of relative enrichment.All of these are characteristic of A-type granite and different from arc granite.These granites have high REE contents ( ∑REE=122.37×10 -6 ~291.19×10 -6 , with an average of 201.31× 10 -6 ) .Light REE are rich relative to heavy REE ( LREE / HREE=4.89~9.58 , with an average of 5.93 ) and negative Eu anormalies are sharp ( δ Eu =0.14~0.54 , with mean value of 0.34 ), making their chondritenormalized rare earth element patterns appear slightly right-dipping V-type.Nd , Sr and Pb isotope results indicate that the A-type granites from the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture are rich in radioactive isotope.Their 87 Sr / 86 Sr and I Sr ratio values vary from 0.719842~0.786395and 0.706900~0. 710378 , respectively. 143 Nd / 144 Nd ratio values are from 0.512123~0.512392 , with large negativee Nd values ( -3.37~ -10.34 ), reflecting important involvement of crustal components.Pb isotope composition 206 Pb / 204 Pb , 207 Pb / 204 Pb , 208 Pb / 204 Pb display ranges of 18.703~19.070 , 15.680~15.732and 39.121~39. 576 , respectively , which plot on the upper crustal line and above the orogenic evolution line in the plumtotectonic framework diagram of Zartman and Doe ( 1981 ) and show anormaly high enrichment components.The study points out that the A-type granites were derived from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle ( approximating EMⅡ ), which were metasomalized by sediment melt from slab during the oceanic crust subduction and later heat by upwelling asthenospheric materials through slab windows formed as a result of slab break-off during the postcollisional extension of the orogenic zone.


One kind prepares cement grinding aid and its method using industrial waste acid and ammonium salt, and its proportioning is the mass ratio of spent acid, ammonium salt, triethanolamine, oxirane by (0.5 3.0): 1: (5 0.5): (1.0 5) allotment.Preparation method is:Spent acid, ammonium salt are added to after being stirred in reactor, are slowly added to triethanolamine, then be continuously added to oxirane, after after slaking reaction to constant reaction pressure, decompression dehydration or be down to room temperature crystallizing and separating, dry powder product.Industrial waste acid and byproduct ammonium salt are make use of in due to being prepared in product, product cost is reduced, Business Economic Benefit is greatly improved;Industrial waste acid and industrial by-products ammonium salt be fully used, and has saved the expense of pollution administration consumption, it is to avoid environmental pollution;Product is for powder and purity is high, excellent performance, is readily transported, and reduces cost of transportation.Products application has good using effect, it can also be used in medicine intermediate in cement and concrete.


Introduction: Liposarcoma is the most common tumor in soft tissues, being extremely rare in the esophagus. Its diagnostic approach is difficult due to its clinical presentation, being able to be confused with motor pathologies. The definitive treatment is surgical resection, which, together with anatomopathological analysis, is considered the only diagnostic methods. Case Report: A 59-year-old female, with a clinical picture of 5 years of evolution, retrosternal pain accompanied by gastroesophageal reflux, progressive dysphagia, weight loss, and dyspnea. She was assessed with endoscopy and tomography showing a polypoid pedunculated lesion in the esophagus, on which is performed surgical treatment with a resection, diagnosing liposarcoma. Conclusion: Liposarcoma is the most common tumor found in soft tissues, being a disease of very low incidence in the esophagus. It is a slow-growing neoplasm, with uncertain pathophysiology, reaching sufficient size late in its diagnostic approach, developing obstructive symptoms in the superior digestive tract, and in more severe cases, affecting the airway. It appears mostly in adults, and surgical resection and anatomopathological analysis are the definitive surgical treatments and methods of choice for diagnosis.


As scientific and medical advances allow humans to live longer and physically healthier lives, it becomes increasingly important to maintain mental well-being in old age. Among the normal aging population, or those spared from the devastation of neurodegenerative diseases, there exists considerable variability in the cognitive ability to learn and remember new information. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying why some people suffer from age-associated memory impairments, whereas others remain as cognitively adept as young people. This study examined the hippocampal spatial representations of a rat model of cognitive aging characterized by heterogeneous abilities on learning and memory tasks. The spatial memory capacity of young and aged rats was first characterized on the Morris water maze task. Then the firing patterns of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells were recorded as the rats explored both familiar and novel environments. These "place cells" are highly active when a rat occupies particular places within an environment, and they thus serve as a window into spatial information processing. The neurons of young and memory-intact aged rats used different spatial firing patterns to represent the familiar and the visually novel environments, and their cells rotated with rotations of the arena landmarks on every occasion. The aged memoryimpaired rats, on the other hand, initially used the same place cell firing patterns to represent both the familiar and visually novel arenas, and even after new spatial representations were created, their cells failed to rotate with the landmarks on many but not all occasions, including the first rotation experiment. Furthermore, the extent of these hippocampal failures correlated with the degree of memory impairment in the rats. In subsequent analyses the place cells of the aged CA3 subregion, in particular, had higher firing rates and failed to rapidly encode changes to the external environment in comparison to young CA3 cells. CA1 place cell properties, on the other hand, were similar for aged and young rats. In a further experiment the same rats walked between two visually identical environments, pitting self-motion cues that indicated change against visual inputs that indicated no differences between environments. Now place cells of young and aged rats were equally likely to create new spatial representations in second compartment, suggesting that the hippocampus of aged rats is able to process changes in internallygenerated cues without rigidity. These results suggest that age-related spatial memory impairments may arise from incomplete processing of external visual landmarks, coinciding with a proclivity towards self-motion cues, and a hyperactivity and a weakened encoding of novelty specific to the CA3 subregion. National Library of Medicine Classification: WT104; WL314 Medical Subject Headings: hippocampus; aging / physiology; memory / physiology; spatial behavior; rats; maze learning; cholinergic fibers; models, animal; cognition


Depression is a mood disorder which affects one's quality of life and is commonly associated with neurotransmitter dysfunctional mechanisms. The present study was planned to investigate the therapeutical activity of caffeine against depression induced in the experimental model in attempt to clarify its mode of action. This study was conducted on 30 adult male albino rats divided into 3 groups n=10 Gp.(1) normal control group, Gp.(2) reserpine group received reserpine in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/ day, Gp.(3) reserpine plus caffeine group treated with caffeine at dose 30 mg/kg. Serum neurochemical changes (the levels of serotonin, dopamine and cortisol), level of interleukin-10 (IL-10), C-reactive protein (CRP), the value of brain proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-), activity of acetylcholinesterase and lipid peroxidation(MDA), cardiac activity of Na+, K+, ATPase enzyme, histopathological changes in brain, heart and DNA fragments in were carried out. In comparison with the normal control group, the reserpinized group recorded significant decrease in serum serotonin and dopamine contents and significant increase in the plasma level of cortisol, significant increase in the brain content of TNF-, CRP, MDA and acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, significant decrease in levels of IL-10 and cardiac activity of Na+, K+ and ATPase enzyme was detected in the reserpinized group compared with the normal control. Histological analysis of the reserpinized community brain tissue parts of rats revealed moderate cortical edema, scattered degenerated neurons and diffuse gliosis. On the other hand, induced depression by reserpine caused a significant effect on the cardiac muscles and increased the collagen fibers around coronaries when compared with normal group.


Caption title. "This report is derived from: K.W. Crawford, 1976, An economic analysis of aquacultural production in west-central Alabama, 1973-74. Unpublished Master of Science thesis, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; presented as a contributing part of Hatch 630 (S-83), Develop and improve production and management systems for freshwater animals cultured as food." Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-44). Also available on the World Wide Web. Also available in microfilm under: State agricultural papers.


To investigate the present-day hydrothermal system, the ''Shady Rest'' hole was continuously cored 715m into the southwestern moat of the Long Valley caldera. The hole intersected 100m of glacial till and 300m of postcaldera rhyolite before entering the welded Bishop Tuff and bottoming in that unit. A sharp temperature rise over the upper 350m, and near-isothermal conditions below reflect the presence of approx.200/sup 0/C water moving through open, calcite-lined fractures in silicified Early Rhyolite and Bishop Tuff. The depth to the Bishop is the shallowest encountered in holes in the caldera, and the temperatures measured are among the hottest observed in wells drilled within the caldera.


This Abstract is brought to you for free and open access by the Dental Hygiene at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com. Repository Citation Tolle, Susan L.; Cosaboom, Mary Elizabeth; Darby, Michele L.; and Walker, Martha L., "Muscle Activity Comparisons In Dental Hygiene Students When Using Different Fulcrums While Scaling" (2008). Dental Hygiene Faculty Publications. Paper 23. http://digitalcommons.odu.edu/dentalhygiene_fac_pubs/23


ummary
Modern management for recalcitrant rubeotic glaucoma involves a multi-step process involving intra-vitreal anti- VEGF injection, out patient pan retinal photocoagulation and glaucoma drainage device surgery implant in theatre.

We re-visit the use of a 2 step pathway with intra-vitreal anti-VEGF injection followed by combined ciliary body ablation and pan-retinal photocoagulation using a transcleral diode laser. This out of vogue treatment can performed in an out patient setting under local anaesthetic and is an effective method of treating rubeotic glaucoma and may also be more cost- effective.

In addition the role of Micro-pulse Diode laser will be also reviewed.


Abstract: This study was conducted to compare the cold tolerance of seven ground cover species, Orostachys japonica, Sedum oryzifolium, S. kamtschaticum 'SG1', S. reflexum, S. rupestre 'Blue Spruce', S. spurium 'Green Mental', and S. takesimense, which have been used for green roof and wall systems in Korea. Plants were grown in 10-cm pots and 1 g of tissues at stem-end and crown of each species were kept under either light or dark condition, respectively. For cold tolerance tests, plants were initially left at 4°C and linearly cooled to 0, -4, -8, -12, -16, and -20°C at -2°C ・h -1 rate. Low temperature injury and regrowth rates were visually evaluated and assessed by image analysis, respectively. The lethal temperature (LT 50 ) of plant species was determined using electrolyte leakage measurements. S. reflexum was the most cold tolerant, showing the most survival at -16°C,whereas S. oryzifolium and S. takesimense showed low temperature injury at -8°C. Similar results were found with electrol yte leakage measurements at the stem end. For each species, the crown (Mean LT


A compromise between the concept of graph and hypergraph is semigraph. This paper introduced the concept of minimum covering matrix and minimum covering energy of a semigraph G. The minimum covering energy is the summation of singular values of the minimum covering matrix. Upper and lower bounds for minimum covering energy are established and also derive some relationship between minimum covering energy and energy of semigraph G.


Plastic cloth filters have been used in relatively small seawalls and revetments, and in conjunction with various types of retaining structures, to prevent leaks through joints, weepholes, etc., with excellent results over the past 15 years. Their use in conjunction with large stone seawalls now gives promise of retaining the material behind them more positively than has been possible with rock-product filters alone. Guidelines for the proper placement of the filter cloth and stone in such structures are presented.


LFK-Lenkflugkoerpersysteme GmbH develops missile systems for a wide field of military purposes. The Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) facility of LFK in Unterschleissheim uses a five axis motion simulation table and an IR scene projection system. The system is designed for test and evaluation of several missile programs due to the dimensions of the five axis table and it's dynamic performance /1/. In a certain cruise missile program there was the need for system tests with nearly all components of the missile as well as special investigations and validation trials for the subsystem consisting of the IR-seeker and the image processing computer. The components had also to pass their qualification tests with the assistance of the HWIL team. These tests and their analysis are focussed to the mechanical accuracy of the gimbals and resolvers of the IR seeker and the tracking accuracy of the image processing computer. Before starting tests in the HWIL it is absolutely necessary to identify errors caused by mechanical tolerances of the test equipment (e.g. mounting of the seeker and the IR projection system) on the five axis motion simulator. Otherwise the obtained test results includes these errors and lead to incorrect system performance evaluation. There are different mechanical errors in mounting which can occur are analysed below. The main problem is caused by possible shifts of the IR-seeker in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis (with gimbals in zero position). Therefore a procedure has been developed using IR test images, a frame grabber and image processing routines to determine the mounting failures. These can be corrected by using mechanical adjustment tools designed and realised for this purpose.


The aim of this study is to explore the bias caused by omitted variables in both random utility and random regret models. Since the behavioural underpinnings of these models differ, the bias is also expected to differ. We focus our analysis on stated choice data, based on orthogonal fractional factorial experimental designs, because the endogeneity, defined as a correlation between selected and omitted explanatory variables is a nonissue in such data. We will show that while the bias caused by omitted variables in the random utility model can be simply neutralised by using alternative specific constants, it still exists in the random regret model because the bias in this type of choice models depends on the attribute dominance structure in the data and thus is not constant.


Border security between the United States and Canada around the Great Lakes basin is complicated. Approximately three-hundred thousand people and $1.5 billion in trade move through the regional border a year, so the border is critical to the economy while being challenging for national security efforts. Canada's Marine Security Operations Center (MSOC) works to generate and disseminate vital maritime domain awareness information, and the two countries share information to maintain national security. Integrated border enforcement teams (IBETs), comprised of both American and Canadian law enforcement agents, work to synchronize combined operations. Partnership and collaboration help to strengthen the shared border.


Basin-wide oceanographic measurements in Cockburn Sound, a micro-tidal semi-enclosed seasonally stratified coastal basin adjacent to Perth, Western Australia, are used to highlight the importance of the seasonal evolution of vertical and horizontal density gradients in the hydrodynamics of this type of embayment, with particular reference to the strongly stratified winter regime. Although the wind-stress is a primary forcing factor, density gradients were found to influence the overall circulation and mixing throughout most of the year. The environmental management of Perth's coastal waters utilises numerical modelling as a key tool and the results of the physical characterisation described in this paper were important in the choice, validation and calibration of hydrodynamic models.


Since October, 1947, three new antibiotics have been described, all from strains of streptomyces species isolated in widely separated places. The first of these antibiotics, chloramphenicol, described by Ehrlich, el aLll in October, 1947, was isolated from a soil sample taken near Caracas, Venezuela. At a conference held by the Mycology Division of the Biology Section at the New York Academy of Sciences in July, 1948, the second of these antibiotics, aureomycin, isolated from a streptomyces species in this country, was described by Duggar.* The most recent of these antibiotics, terramycin, was described by Finlay, Hobby, el d8 in January, 1950. All three of these antibiotics are characterized by a wide antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain rickettsia and the large viruses. Although some differences in activity may be demonstrated both in vitro and in uivo with these three antibiotics, they have much in common. All three have a low degree of toxicity in both animals and man. All three, at proper dosage levels, are equally effective in certain diseases of man, such as the pneumonias, both bacterial and viral, and in certain of the Gram-negative bladder infections. All three drugs are crystalline, e5cacious when taken by mouth, rapidly absorbed, and excreted in relatively large quantities in the urine. The dzerences in activity are equally obvious, since it is fairly well established that chloramphenicol is the most satisfactory of the three in the treatment of typhoid fever. On the other hand, terramycin is more active in vilro than the other two against some of the clostridia, while aureomycin, in its turn, has advantages over terramycin and chloramphenicol in the treatment of certain staphylococcic infections. Although this study was primarily concerned with the absorption, excretion, and distribution of terramycin, it seemed desirable, because of their related fields of antimicrobial activity, to determine for comparative purposes the absorption, excretion, and distribution of aureomycin and chloramphenicol as well. Except in the case of the distribution studies, volunteer male subjects were utilized for both the absorption and excretion of all three drugs. Single and multiple doses of the drugs over a 24-hour period were given. Blood and urine concentrations of each drug were then determined a t appropriate intervals. The serum concentrations of chloramphenicol were determined by a four-hour turbidimetric assay using a nonencapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae strain as the test organism. The technique is similar to that used in the turbidimetric assay of streptomycin.' Terramycin and aureomycin serum concentrations were determined by a serial dilution technique.',' The urine and fecal concentrations of all three drugs were determined by a modified lutea plate technique.' To determine the blood concentrations obtained with single doses of the


The inhibitory activity of SYP-7017,Difenoconazole and their mixtures to the hyphal growth of Gloeosporium fructigenum Berk and Alternaria viticola was tested by using mycelial growth rate method,and the co-toxicity coefficient(CTC) of their mixtures was determined by using Sunyunpei's method.The results showed that the IC_50 values of SYP-7017 against the hyphal growth of Gloeosporium fructigenum and Alternaria viticola were 2.1793 μg/mL and 1.1274 μg/mL respectively,while those of Difenoconazole were 0.6667 μg/mL and 0.1041 μg/mL respectively.The mixture of SYP-7017 and Difenoconazole had the best inhibitory effect on the hyphal growth of these two pathogens when they were mixed in the proportion of 10∶1.In the field test,spraying the trial-produced sample 22% SYP-7017·Difenoconazole EC(20% SYP-7017 + 2% Difenoconazole) at the dosage of 90~120 g a.i./hm2 for 2~3 times had good control effect on the black-pox disease,downy mildew and anthracnose of grape.


g.toernerQt-online.de Abstract. A left cone P in a group G is a submonoid of G so that the lattice of left ideals of P is totally ordered and that G is generated by P. A subring R of a skew field F is a left valuation ring of F if and only if R* = R\{O) is a left cone in F*. The ideal theory of these left cones is investigated, left cones in a wreath product of groups and in free groups are constructed which are not right cones. Such examples, which give an answer to a question of Frege's, were encountered in the mid seventies during the construction of left valuation rings. The final section deals with the question whether the existence of left cones in G implies the existence of certain cones in G.


ance on supeificial examination was strikingly like that of a phlyetenular keratitis, except that the apex of the affected area, the seat of the foreign body, was whiter. In some there was no extension of vessels on to the cornea, and no pericorneal hyperalmia. So far as can be judged from these cases seen only in the later stages, and from what we know of the usual changes following the lodgment of a foreign body in the cornea the history of such cases is somewhat, like this: A foreign body becomes so deeply embedded in the cornea as not to produce any traumatic conjunctivitis by rubbing of the lids, and for some reason it does not set up suppuration. The resulting ulcer films over with epithelium and this epithelium rapidly proliferates, giving rise to masses in which the foreign body remains embedded, while the corneal tissue beneath the epithelium does not undergo such a regeneration as to fill up the excavation and push out the masses lying in it. In some of the cases the thickening around the excavation materially aided in retaining its contents. What are the essential circumstances under which foreign bodies are thus retained in the cornea does not appear, except that suppuration, such as commonly occurs after such an injury of the cornea, is absent or strictly limited. It is evident from the above cases very diverse substances may be thus retained. It is to be noted that in none of these cases did the foreign body become properly encapsulated in fibrous tissue, or included in the-true corneal tissue like the carbon particles of a powder grain or of india ink used in tattooing. It has not been my fortune to see one of these miscellaneous foreign bodies become " encapsuled " in the cornea as some of the older writers say they may. Neither do any of the definitely reported cases indicate the enclosure of the foreign body in fibrous tissue, except possibly that of Magnus. The cases above described and discussed must also be distinguished from another class of occurrences of quite different significance. Lawrence says,11 "Sometimes foreign substances, particularly if small and smooth on their exposed surface, stick in the cornea for many days, even weeks or months, without exciting inflammation or causing much uneasiness." Probably this sentence would be more nearly correct if it read, " stick on the cornea," instead of " in the cornea." It would then apply to cases like the following: CASE xi.-A boy, aged II, was noticed,five months before, while spending the winter in Georgia, to have a spot upon his eye. There was no history of a foreign body getting into the eye, and there had been no redness or irritation at any time. His mother said the spot had started at the sclerocorneal junction, and had worked down toward the centre of the cornea. I found a black oval spot iT mm. long and I-2 mm. wide, lying on the upper nasal side of the cornea, about 3 mm. from the corneal margin, with its long axis in the direction of a radius of the cornea. The eye was -in all respects normal. Five days later, the appearance of the spot and the condition of the eye being entirely'unchanged, I applied cocaine and wiped away the spot, which was simply lying upon the surface; and left the corneal epithelium entirely sound. It consisted of vegetable tissue, being probably a portion of a seed-case. Apparently the pressure of the atmosphere was sufficient to keep this fragment in position upon the cornea for five months, for it certainly was not embedded.


This exploratory study investigated the utility of the Burke-Litwin model as a diagnostic framework for assessing the factors affecting organisational effectiveness. The research setting consisted of an international company, with a population comprising representatives of more than 17 different nationalities. The purposive sampling method was used to involve employee participants (N = 147) in focus groups and executive managers (N = 11) in semi-structured probing interviews. The factors identified related to both the transformational and transactional dimensions of the Burke-Litwin model. The findings add to the existing literature on factors causing organisational effectiveness and ineffectiveness in cross-cultural organisational contexts.


This article presents a review of the book "The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective," by Jeffrey Pfeffer and Gerald R. Salancik.


Large pre-trained models were shown to yield strong results on QA tasks and often outperform human baseline [1]. However these systems don't perform well in a few shot or zero shot settings [2]. In this project we propose a domain adaptation technique for BERT using meta learning based pre-training approach. We introduced a new special [QUESTION] token to learn relationships between question and context passages during training. The model is trained using a modified reptile [3] based meta learning algorithm. The inner loop of original reptile algorithm is modified to sample batches randomly from all tasks instead of sampling from a specific tasks in each step. This improves generalization across multiple domains. Our model achieved F1 and EM score of 52.397 and 39.005 in out of domain validation set and EM:40.023 and F1:57.800 in out of domain test set.


This paper introduces the principle of IPv6 routing proctocol OSPFv3 and showw how to realize OSPFv3 using GNU zebra under Linux.Then,It introduces how to build a config-tunnel.,and how to run OSPFv3 protocol on LAN and config-tunnel.At the end,the analysis of the OSPFv3 routing information was presented.


Abstract At the center of Sophocles' Antigone is a struggle to reconcile personal beliefs with the needs or dictates of society. At no time is such a struggle more relevant than in periods of war, so it is not surprising that new adaptations of Antigone cluster around periods of armed conflict, whether between nations or within a single nation itself. In Luis Rafael Sánchez's The Passion of Antígona Pérez (1968)—the subject of this essay—the nation or territory in question is one not typically featured in Western anthologies of drama: Puerto Rico, in the troubled possession of the United States.


Objective To gain abundant light by reforming the light source of the portable video microscope.Methods A LED torch head was reformed for vibao-v36 USB portable microscope;LED light heads and a coaxial light head for optic cable were designed on our own and made for Tetracam ZTC-305 portable digital microscope.Results The reformed LED torch head could give vibao-v36 USB portable microscope abundant light;the LED light heads and the coaxial light head for optic cable designed on our own to order could illuminate Tetracam ZTC-305 portable digital microscope sufficiently.Conclusion Reformation of illumination gives portable video microscope sufficient light suiting with a long-distant surgical operation.


A modified Hebbian type learning rule for self-organization which uses only the local information is proposed. As the result of computer simulations of self-organizing networks, the validity of the rule was confirmed and learning speed was improved. Furthermore, circuit examples for implementing the learning rule are proposed.<<ETX>>


Summary In this research study, trajectory planning of mobile robot is accomplished using two techniques, namely, a new variant of multi-objective differential evolution (heterogeneous multi-objective differential evolution) and popular elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). For this research problem, a wheeled mobile robot with differential drive is considered. A practical, feasible and optimal trajectory between two locations in the presence of obstacles is determined through the proposed algorithms. A safer path is obtained by optimizing certain objectives (travel time and actuators effort) taking into account the limitations of mobile robot's geometric, kinematic and dynamic parameters. Robot motion is represented by a cubic NURBS trajectory curve. The capability of the proposed optimization techniques is analyzed through numerical simulations. Results ensure that the proposed techniques are more desirable for this problem.


Abstract Purpose During the last three decades, the number of devices that emit non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMR) at the wireless communication spectrum has rapidly increased and possible effects on living organisms have become a major concern. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of radiofrequency EMR emitted by a widely used wireless communication device, namely the Digital Enhanced Communication Telephony (DECT) base, on the immune responses of the Aegean wall lizard (Podarcis erhardii). Materials and methods Adult male lizards were exposed 24 h/day for 8 weeks to 1880–1900 MHz DECT base radiation at average electric field intensity of 3.2 V/m. Immune reactivity was assessed using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin swelling and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) tests. Results Our results revealed a noticeable suppression (approximately 45%) of inflammatory responses in EMR-exposed lizards compared to sham-exposed animals. T cell-mediated responses were marginally affected. Conclusion Daily radiofrequency EMR exposure seems to affect, at least partially, the immunocompetence of the Aegean wall lizard.