Chinese traditional ethical culture plays an important role in the traditional ideology and culture of the Chinese nation. Chinese traditional culture is an ethical culture. Due to the differences between the natural environment and people's way of life, the ancient Chinese came from the brutal civilization into a path different from that of Western Europe. China is in the absence of a complete destruction of clan blood relationship from brutal to civilization, so that clan organizations in China long retained. This is the special path of the country by the clan, the home for the country's foundation, the country for the expansion of the home. This kind of family-based social structure makes an ethical and moral significance in the construction of social order. Chinese traditional culture has always attached importance to ethics, "University" opened that "the way of the university, in the Mingde, in the people, in the only good." Chinese history of the philosophers of no one regardless of moral ethics, self-cultivation of a family of a country to become the world's intellectuals of the practice of the way. Chinese traditional ethical culture mainly refers to the traditional ethical culture of Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism and so on from the pre-Qin to the Revolution of 1911, among which Confucian ethical culture is its core content.


Editors of Victorian periodicals developed intertextual strategies which provided opportunities for women writers to expand their literary careers. The new writing and reading practices were brought about by intertextual strategies of editors of periodicals and women writers, as they shared readers, subject matters and narrative conventions. In particular, social problem novel and reformist periodical often integrated the same political and domestic subject matter. This paper examines intertextuality between Victorian magazine and woman writer's literary work focusing on Howitt's Journal and Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton. The social problems of the 1840s in England demanded a kind of philanthropic forms of literary activism for the middle class woman writer. Gaskell wrote under the name of Cotton Mather Mills for Howitt's Journal which contained every kind of radicalism while she was composing her first novel, Mary Barton. Located within the context of anonymous journalism, Gaskell's activity as the contributor to Howitt's Journal played an important role in developing her authorial identities as well as exerting influences on the formation of social opinions including Condition-of-England question. Her experiences as the anonymous contributor to the journal led her to adopt narrative devices and subject matter of periodical journalism in order to expand readers and subject matters of her novel. Mary Barton can be viewed as an extension of her work in the reformist journal, especially in terms of its ideological position on working class issues, its attempt to harmonize class and gender politics, and philanthropic interventionism. Gaskell examines relationships of middle class reformers, laborers, and industrialists, with emphasis on middle class home as the proper location of social activism. She uses narrative conventions and ideological concerns that can be found in the literature of urban investigation within the reformist journal of Victorian Age. The political concerns and narrative strategies found in women writers' anonymous writing in Victorian magazine were interacting with those of their literary works. The process of interaction shows how the distinction between fiction and non fiction can be blurred and how women writers handle various personal and professional dilemmas in their literary careers. By bringing women writers into the public and professional realms Victorian magazines brought women's growing centrality to the progress of Victorian journalism and literature.


Fluid and heat discharge rates of thermal springs of the Cascade Range have been determined using the chloride inventory method. Discharge rates of thermal spring groups range from 1 to 120 L s−1. Most of the fluid (50%) and heat (61%) are discharged from two hot spring groups in northern Oregon. Total discharge from thermal springs in the Cascade Range of California, Oregon, and Washington is about 340 Ls−1, which corresponds to about 8.2×104 kJ s−1 of heat. This does not include hot springs developed on the flanks of Mount St. Helens after the 1980 eruption. The Cascade Range consists of geologically and technically distinct segments; rates of convective heat discharge by the thermal springs in these segments correlate with volcanic rock extrusion rates for the last 2 m. y. In Oregon and Washington, many streams without known thermal or mineral springs in their drainage basins also were sampled for chloride and sodium to detect chemical anomalies that might be associated with previously unknown thermal or mineral waters. Only three chloride anomalies not associated with known thermal or mineral springs were identified in the streams of the Cascade Range.


The further development of the previously described action line method of determining the time for intrauterine transfusion or delivery in rhesus iso‐immunization has been described. The method is easily interpreted and only occasionally requires more than two amniocenteses. It was used in 407 pregnancies with rhesus isoimmunization completed during a 30‐month period, a further 127 being managed correctly by other criteria.


The LIGO-Virgo gravitational-wave (GW) observation unveiled the new population of black holes (BHs) that appears to have an extended mass spectrum up to around 70M , much heavier than the previously-believed mass range (∼ 8M ). In this paper, we study the capability of a microlensing observation of stars in the Milky Way (MW) bulge region to identify BHs of GW mass scales, taking into account the microlensing parallax characterized by the parameter πE ∝ M−1/2 (M is the mass of a lens), which is a dimension-less quantity defined by the ratio of the astronomical unit to the projected Einstein radius. First, assuming that BHs follow the same spatial and velocity distributions of stars as predicted by the standard MW model, we show that microlensing events with long light curve timescales, tE & 100 days, and small parallax effects, πE ∼ 10−2, are dominated by BH lenses compared to stellar-mass lenses. Second, using a Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of the simulated light curve, we show that BH lens candidates are securely identified on individual basis, if the parallax effect is detected or well constrained to the precision of a percent level in πE. We also discuss that a microlensing event of an intermediate-mass BH of ∼ 1000M , if it occurs, can be identified in a distinguishable way from stellar-mass BHs.


We investigated whether home enteral feeding via a tube gastrostomy would enable patients with advanced malignant disease, who were unable to maintain themselves nutritionally via the oral route, to be independent of the hospital setting. Thirty‐nine patients with advanced upper gastrointestinal and head and neck cancer had a tube gastrostomy placed. Before discharge, the patient was trained in the care and use of the gastrostomy feeding tube. Ten patients died of their disease before they could be discharged. During the 6‐month period before gastrostomy insertion, the mean weight loss of the remaining 29 patients was 12.8%, and the mean body weight was less than 90% of ideal body weight. Prior to operation, the mean serum albumin and total lymphocyte count were 3.7 g/L and 1,087/mL, respectively. At discharge the mean caloric intake was 1.48 times resting energy expenditure. Home enteral nutrition was provided for a median of 94 days and resulted in stabilization of nutritional indices. During their median survival of 176 days, the 29 patients were admitted a total of 52 times. Twenty‐eight percent of the patients were never re‐admitted after gastrostomy and were adequately maintained at home, whereas 24% needed to be re‐admitted once. Only 48% were re‐admitted twice to assist in their nutritional management. Twenty patients received temporary home nursing services to aid in their transition. Four patients eventually resumed oral intake, and their feeding gastrostomies were removed. Home enteral nutritional support via gastrostomy enabled patients with advanced cancer to maintain their nutritional status and be independent from the hospital setting for extended periods, with the improved comfort and quality of their limited life at home in familiar surroundings in face of malignant disease.


[1] We present the impact tests that preceded the most recent operational upgrades to the land surface model used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) mesoscale Eta model, whose operational domain includes North America. These improvements consist of changes to the "Noah" land surface model (LSM) physics, most notable in the area of cold season processes. Results indicate improved performance in forecasting low-level temperature and humidity, with improvements to (or without affecting) the overall performance of the Eta model quantitative precipitation scores and upper air verification statistics. Remaining issues that directly affect the Noah LSM performance in the Eta model include physical parameterizations of radiation and clouds, which affect the amount of available energy at the surface, and stable boundary layer and surface layer processes, which affect surface turbulent heat fluxes and ultimately the surface energy budget.


The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in paddy soil samples collected in 1982 and 1984 (1980s) and in 2000 and 2002 (2000s) from the Yoneshiro River basin, Japan, were measured to elucidate the temporal trend and mass balance of POPs in paddy soils. Aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, chlordanes and heptachlors were rarely detected in almost all the samples collected in the 1980s and 2000s, whereas DDTs, HCHs, HCB and PCBs were detected in relatively many samples. The concentrations of these compounds were lower than the PCDD/DF concentrations reported in our previous study regardless of sampling year. The concentrations of p,p'-DDD, α-HCH, β-HCH,δ-HCH and lower-chlorinated PCBs (M1CB, D2CB, T3CB and T4CB) decreased significantly (paired t-test, p<0.05) from the 1980s to 2000s, whereas those of the other compounds such as higher-chlorinated PCBs did not decrease. The half-lives of the compounds were calculated as follows: p,p'-DDD, 5.2 years; α-HCH, 5.6 years; β-HCH, 5.0 years; δ-HCH, 4.0 years; M1CB, 4.5 years; D2CB, 5.8 years; T3CB, 5.5 years; and T4CB, 8.5 years. The half-lives of these compounds correlated with their water solubility. We estimated the total input and remaining amounts of DDTs and HCHs in the paddy fields to determine their long-term fate in the basin within the period of 1962∼2002. Result of the estimation, revealed that approximately 97 % of the DDTs and HCHs applied to the basin were disappeared from the paddy soil by the 1980s.


This article presents the results of an investigation involving students from the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu (PIV), which sought to understand the trend regarding Internet access and use by IPV students during confinement in Portugal. In this case study, a questionnaire was implemented, and interviews were conducted to collect data from 94 participants. The results show that students spent most of their days connected to the Internet to use social networks and send and receive messages. Regarding the use of devices, they preferably use their mobile phones, followed by their laptops. In the opinion of these students, the Internet stands out for having allowed them to continue with their education/work and also for having served as a solution to keep in touch with friends and family while simultaneously serving as a disseminator of information regarding the pandemic. This study's relevance and main contribution are, among others, to allow the characterisation of habits and practices of access and use of the Internet in such a particular period as the confinements caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.


We investigate and propose the utilization of regenerative and non-regenerative relaying terminals in downlink cooperative MIMO communications, such as in base-station/router-relay-user transmission under different schemes. The source is equipped with multiple antennas, while the relays and destination are single-antenna terminals. From the source to the relays, symbols are transmitted using MIMO spatial-multiplexing technique. Depending on the type of relaying scheme, the relays either fully decode or amplify the received signal before retransmitting it to the destination using simple TDM transmission or Alamouti's space-time coding. We show that the proposed system realizes MIMO performance in single-antenna system environment, and performance-wise it is superior to existing transmission schemes, especially in low-SNR conditions. Furthermore, the proposed system is shown to give a diversity order of N - M + 1, similar to that of MIMO V-BLAST system.


◆prescription drugs are not likeother consumer goods. Even whenused properly, they can causeserious harm;◆people are vulnerable when theyare ill;◆advertisements aim to stimulatesales – they cannot provideimpartial, objective information;◆advertising drives up prescriptiondrug costs and total health carecosts.


Studies in understanding how brain regions are interconnected is recently becoming more and more popular. Thanks to the advances in non-invasive neuroimaging technologies, such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI), large dataset can also be collected from living subjects. Thus, the need of visual analytic tools able to deal with this data is becoming a priority for neuroscientists. This work aims at surveying the main visualization techniques and methodologies already present in the academic literature as well as the new trends are taking place in this field. The main phenomena we are witnessing is a transition from stand-alone, local 2D visualization tools to more flexible and cross-platforms web-based applications which exploit 3D rendering.


Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used as an adjunct to the diagnosis of prostate cancer and is being applied more frequently as the initial test in screening for this neoplasm. Because of the lack of specificity of PSA for prostate cancer, both PSA density and PSA velocity have been used. In this review, we highlight the current experience with these adjuncts to serum PSA measurement and discuss their limitations.


The objective of this study is to identify those variables and dynamics that effect terminal logistic operations and explore solutions, which will optimize terminal performance in terms of time, cost, and space utilization, given the various constraints. The research project will discuss the system of intermodal freight movement followed by an examination of container flow at a marine container terminal and it will then identify the study's objectives. The research will examine the working marine container terminal for the purpose of identifying efficiencies to improve capacity utilization and overall terminal productivity. Global trade will continue to grow at a rapid rate. The pace of economic globalization will be quicker in the near future. Competitive pressures, the drive to outrun the competition, the desire to secure a foothold in the international market place, fear of losing control, and overall national industrial policy have all had impact on the international trade. All these pose a daunting challenge to the container shipping industry as well as to the port authorities, terminal operators, labor unions, international carriers, other public agencies and the general public. The flourish of international trade represents a blessing for the regional economy, however the ever growing freight volume and capacity constraints forces the Port Authority to deal with the question of how to accommodate and improve freight movement efficiency with minimum resources. The analysis shows that there is room for much improvement in efficiency as well as the urgent need for more capacity.


The paper present issues of innovative enterprise investment. The technology of management of enterprise investment policy, specifically one of this area -innovative investment, is given special attention.


Two datasets are combined to analyze a few standard implications of the theory of economic growth. Real GDP per capita (RGDP) and the investment share (IS) are taken from Summers, Heston (1988), the ratio of net external assets to GDP (=NAP) are calculated by Sinn (1990). For the period 1970-1985, the data for a sample of 116 countries are analyzed; in addition, the group of industrial countries and highly indebted countries is discussed. One hypothesis suggests that low-income countries catch up in the process of development, and that this is, in part, made possible by the supply of capital from abroad. The data show indeed that poor countries borrow more; however, they do not grow faster than rich countries. Furthermore, those countries which show relatively high growth are not large capital importers. In general, the ratio of net external assets to GDP does not help to predict how fast a country will grow in the future; this also means that high debt is not a burden in the sense that a country will grow less than average. These results hold for the entire sample and for the two subgroups of countries as well. A second analysis includes the investment performance. A high investment share coincides with high economic growth in the large sample, but not for industrial or highly indebted countries. The hypothesis that a low NAP goes along with a high IS is not supported by the data; the opposite is true for industrial and highly indebted countries. It seems that large creditor countries (high NAP) also invest more at home. In general, the analysis does not support the - plausible - ideas of cycles of external debt or the stages hypothesis in the balance of payments which suggest that low-income countries tend to run a current account deficit while investing more and growing faster than other countries; such performances seem to be the exception. The fact that the level of net external assets does not, per se, say anything about the strength of economic growth implies that high debt does not mean that a country has large problems, just as the fact that a country runs a high surplus in the current account is not - by itself - a sign of strength. Therefore, conclusions for economic policy must be based on more than just figures on net external assets or current account balances.


Abstract : The effects of cell design and metal-phthalocyanine catalysts on the safety of Li/S0C12 reserve cells were evaluated. Cathode-limited design cells either vented or exploded during forced overdischarge. Both forced overdischarge current density, and overdischarge time into reversal influenced the cell failure unpredictably. Anode-limited design cells, on the other hand, generated severe internal heat during reversal, but sustained higher forced overdischarge current densities than cathode-limited design cells without either venting or exploding. When the 1.5M LiAlCl4/S0Cl2 was replaced with 1.5M LiAlCl4/S02Cl2 electrolyte in the cathode-limited design cells, both the cell discharge life and cell safety improved. The catalyst stability and stainless stell (bellow material) compatibility were also studied in both neutral and acidic electrolytes. The catalyst was found to be stable and the stainless steel specimens (316L and 321) experienced only surface corrosion after 12-month storage. The surface film formed during the initial surface corrosion appeared to inhibit further corrosion. Heat cool cycles between -40 and 71 C of fresh cells and partially or fully discharged D-cells did not adversely influence the cell pressure at the end of 100% depth of discharge. (Author)


The important question of the relation between theory and experiment in different physical problems is discussed. A number of examples, both widely and little known, are used to show that some physical theories, considered by many as correct because they corresponded to many experimental facts and to the existing level of science, have been found to be false. One of the important reasons for this is that it is very difficult to distinguish between the causes and consequences of phenomena observed in experiments. The best example is the study of turbulent flows, where the causes and consequences are often erroneously interchanged in relation to the properties and development mechanisms of turbulence. At the same time, some counterexamples are described where phenomena that are impossible from the standpoint of universally accepted theoretical concepts turn out to be reality in special cases.


Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a serious multisystem disease of unknown etiology that affects approximately 100,000 individuals in the United States. SSc has a predilection for women, with a peak onset during childbearing years, but it also affects men, children, and the elderly. Although the etiology of SSc remains obscure, research over the past 30 years implicates an altered immune system that, in ways that are only now becoming clear, leads to vascular injury and fibroblast activation. The latter process culminates in excess collagen synthesis. Collagen deposition in the skin leads to the hallmark of the disease, scleroderma, and deposition in vessels and internal organs may lead to significant morbidity and mortality (Table 1). The cost of SSc has been difficult to ascertain, largely because it is a relatively rare condition and reliable national databases are virtually nonexistent. Nevertheless, a recent study utilizing primary and secondary data sources and a prevalence-based, human capital approach estimated the annual direct and indirect costs of SSc in the United States to be $1.5 billion [1]. Morbidity represents the major cost burden, with costs of nearly $820 million (56% of total costs). Thus, like other relatively rare diseases, SSc has a low frequency but a high economic impact. Systemic sclerosis is perceived as a serious and often lifethreatening disease for which no treatment is available. The perception that "nothing can be done" may exist because the failure of therapies aimed at treating the skin manifestations of SSc has overshadowed advances in the treatment of internal organ complications. Although a disease-modifying treatment for SSc has remained elusive, the situation for an individual patient is far from hopeless. Standardized instruments to measure clinically important changes in disease status have only recently been developed. The modified Rodnan skin score has been shown to have acceptable interobserver and intraobserver validity and is now used in clinical trials as a primary endpoint for effects of treatment on skin thickening [2,3]. A Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) has been developed and is being used in clinical trials as a measure of the impact of the disease on patients' quality of life [4]. A preliminary disease severity scale that was recently developed and validated [5] should be useful for assessing disease severity status in individual patients and will assist in the design and conduct of clinical trials. This article will review the therapeutic approaches used to manage the complications of SSc, with a focus on the impact of treatment on patient outcome.


Background: Postoperative pain control is crucial part of management of patients undergoing major abdominal surgeries. In most of the major hospital there is a gradual shift from on-demand opioid injections to epidural analgesia which is found to have excellent quality of analgesia and minimum side effects. Fentanyl, a μ opioid agonist, when used alone has short onset of action about 5 minutes and lasting for about 3-4 hours. Tramadol hydrochloride is a weak opioid having analgesic properties. Both of these drugs fentanyl and Tramadol are used widely for epidural analgesia in patients undergoing various types of surgeries. Addition of Bupivacaine prolongs analgesic effect of Fentanyl as well as Tramadol. Aims And Objectives: To compare the efficacy of epidural Fentanyl with Bupivacaine and epidural Tramadol with Bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients were included in our comparative study and they were randomly divided into two groups, Group A and B. Group A received 50 mcg Fentanyl + 8ml 0.125% Bupivacaine as a bolus dose and patients in group B received 50 mg Tramadol+ 8ml 0.125% Bupivacaine as a bolus dose. The parameters like demographic characteristics, postoperative pain and postoperative analgesia were compared in both the groups. Results: Mean duration of analgesia after epidural bolus drug was significantly higher in Group A when compared with group B. Postoperative VAS score was found to be lower in Group A as compared to group B. Hemodynamic parameter remained stable in both the groups. Conclusion: Epidural fentanyl along with Bupivacaine has better and prolonged postoperative analgesic effect and fewer complications as compared to Tramadol with Bupivacaine in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries.


The early modern age saw the differentiation of civilian and military spheres in most European societies – a development which was intimately connected with the establishment of armed forces as permanent state institutions governed by law and managed according to bureaucratic principles. It has long been realized that the vast size of the Swedish armed forces and the pioneer role of Sweden in some aspects of the evolution make Swedish military history especially interesting; and this slim edited volume joins a sophisticated and quite large body of research. The aim of the book is to explore the relations between the only partially differentiated civilian and military spheres during the process of differentiation. The point of departure is the realization that our current understanding involves an untenable tendency to project the modern sharp differentiation backwards in time. It is not easy to progress towards a new understanding, however, as this involves a large number of themes: the military institution, social identities, law, violence, weapons and so on. The contributions to this volume range widely in subject matter, and some of the authors struggle a bit trying to connect to the main theme. The two main topics are the many aspects of violence and the interface between the militarized state and the Swedes. We hear about violence on the street, among peasants and in the military courts; and Marie Lindstedt Cronberg offers a tentative summary of the long term development regarding violence with Norbert Elias and Anton Blok as partners in dialogue. The contributions to the other topic are widely scattered, dealing with tax collection, service to travellers, regulation of hunting, and constitutional perspectives in Diet discussions. It is noteworthy that they do all connect in some way with the topic of the volume, serving as a demonstration of the many ramifications of the civilian–military distinction. The contribution by the editor of the volume on the interplay between the distinctions civilian–military and masculine–feminine, as well as the final reflections on the theme by Dag Lindström, underscore the main impression from the volume as a whole: that the distinction between civilian and military is an important theme with many ramifications, and that there is much to do.


Wrong-way driving is still a negative factor in traffic safety. Entering an exit on motorways from a secondary road results in the largest proportion of wrong-way drivers. Several times it has been suggested to place pavement arrow markings on exits to indicate the driving direction in order to prevent wrong-way driving. Under contract with the Netherlands Transport Research Centre (AVV) of the Department of Public Works, the TNO Human Factors Research Institute designed a pavement arrow marking. This marking is expected to be most optimal in reducing the number of wrong-way driving incidents. Attention is paid to the shape of the arrow, its size, the location in longitudinal and transverse profile, and the possible hindrance for traffic that uses the exit in the correct direction. Based on a brainstorm with experts in the area of visual perception, traffic and psychology, an arrow has been selected that bears a resemblance to the standard arrow, but that appears larger and is more pointed, partly due to the characteristic head of the arrow. This arrow is assumed to be the most effective in drawing the attention of wrong-way drivers, since the arrow will keep its characteristic shape under most circumstances. The arrow scores well in terms of conspicuity, characteristic arrow features, distinctness, and clarity. (A)


This study investigated the optimal number of options of the English section of the NAEA (National Assessment of Educational Achievement) for language domain as well as item characteristics. The English section of the NAEA for the ninth graders is the test instrument employed in this study. By eliminating the least and the second least frequently chosen options, a five-option, multiple choice English test was converted to a four- and a three-option version. Item difficulty, item discrimination, and information function were computed as a function of the number of options, employing the 3-parameter IRT model. Results showed that there were no significant differences among the three means of item difficulty as well as item discrimination indices for language domain (i.e., listening and reading). For specific item types such as identifying the speaker"s intention, selecting the most appropriate response to the spoken discourse, and finding out the true statement presented in English, a three- or a four-option version functioned better than a five-option version. The findings will have important practical implications for implementing some three- or four-option multiple choice items for the English section of the NAEA.


"Nanoscience" is the emerging science of objects that are intermediate in size between the largest molecules and the smallest structures that can be fabricated by current photolithography; that is, the science of objects with smallest dimensions ranging from a few nanometers to less than 100 nanometers. In chemistry, this range of sizes has historically been associated with colloids, micelles, polymer molecules, phase-separated regions in block copolymers, and similar structures—typically, very large molecules, or aggregates of many molecules. More recently, structures such as buckytubes, silicon nanorods, and compound semiconductor quantum dots have emerged as particularly interesting classes of nanostructures. In physics and electrical engineering, nanoscience is most often associated with quantum behavior, and the behavior of electrons and photons in nanoscale structures. Biology and biochemistry also have a deep interest in nanostructures as components of the cell; many of the most interesting structures in biology—from DNA and viruses to subcellular organelles and gap junctions—can be considered as nanostructures. These very small structures are intensely interesting for many reasons. First, many of their properties mystify us. How does the flagellar motor of E. coli run? How do electrons move through organometallic nanowires? Second, they are challenging to make. Molecules are easily synthesized in large quantities, and can be characterized thoroughly. Colloids and micelles and crystal nuclei have always been more difficult to prepare (in fact, most can only be made as mixtures—a characteristic that contributes to the difficulty of colloid science) and to characterize; developing a "synthetic chemistry" of colloids that is as precise as that used to make molecules is a wonderful challenge for chemistry. Synthesizing or fabricating ordered arrays and patterns of colloids poses a different and equally fascinating set of problems. Third, because many nanoscale structures have been inaccessible and/or off the beaten scientific track, studying these structures leads to new phenomena. Very small particles, or large, ordered, aggregates of molecules or atoms, are simply not structures that science has been able to explore carefully. Fourth, nanostructures are in a range of sizes in which quantum phenomena—especially quantum entanglement and other reflections of the wave character of matter—would be expected to be important (and important at room temperature!). Quantum phenomena are, of course, the ultimate basis of the properties of atoms and molecules, but are largely hidden behind classical behavior in macroscopic matter and structures. Quantum dots and nanowires have already been prepared and demonstrated to show remarkable electronic properties; there will, I am certain, be other nanoscale materials, and other properties, to study and exploit. Fifth, the nanometer-sized, functional structures that carry out many of the most sophisticated tasks of the cell are one frontier of biology. The ribosome (Figure 1), histones and chromatin, the Golgi apparatus, the interior structure of the mitochondrion, the flagellar micromotor, the photosynthetic reaction center, and the fabulous ATPases that power the cell are all nanostructures we have only just begun to understand. Sixth, nanostructures will be the basis of nanoelectronics and -photonics. The single most important fabrication technology of our time is, arguably, microlithography: its progeny—the microprocessors and memories that it generates—are the basis for the information technology that has so transformed society in the last half-century (Figure 2). Microelectronic technology has relentlessly followed a single law—Moore s law—for almost 50 years; the popular expression of this law is "smaller is cheaper and faster". 21] Enthusiasm for "smaller" as the guiding ideology in circuit design has recently cooled, and other features—heat dissipation, power distribution, clock synchronization, intrachip communication—have become increasingly important. Still, technical evolution in the semiconductor industry has brought the components of [*] Prof. G. M. Whitesides Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 (USA) Fax: (+1) 617-495-9857 E-mail: email@example.com


ABSTRACT The presence of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies in animals infected with various Babesia species is well reported. However, the pathogenesis of autoantibodies in babesiosis is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that anti-erythrocyte immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG were present in B. rodhaini-infected mice at 6 and 8 days after infection, respectively. Furthermore, we generated monoclonal antibodies against erythrocyte antigen from B. rodhaini-infected mice. Five clones were generated. By Western blotting analysis using whole erythrocyte antigens, one clone reacted with a broad band around 90–150 kDa, and the 2 clones reacted with a band larger than 150 kDa. B. rodhaini-infected mice and/or autoreactive monoclonal antibodies established in this study might be a powerful tool for in vivo pathogenesis studies of autoantibody development in infectious diseases.


14 Increasing tree cover on agricultural land is recognised as a potential mechanism to enhance ecosystem 15 services. In this case study, we assessed and mapped the impacts on ecosystem services and dis-services 16 of different land-sparing and land-sharing strategies for tree cover expansion on grassland and arable 17 land in the Welsh uplands. In addition, we modelled the impacts of widespread adoption of these 18 strategies on grassland and arable land on the total basket of ecosystem services derived from the Welsh 19 uplands. Our modelling over a 120-year period suggests land-sharing strategies (agroforestry options) 20 could lead to the greatest potential increase in ecosystem service benefits (+£2.62 billion for the 21 Agroforestry - in field trees option). Such land-sharing strategies deliver a basket of ecosystem services 22 primarily focused on private provisioning benefits, with only modest increases in public regulation and 23 maintenance benefits. In contrast, land-sparing strategies (full afforestation options) deliver the highest 24 level of public regulation and maintenance benefits (£7.60 billion), but at the cost of provisioning benefits 25 (-£17.13 billion). Land-sharing strategies (agroforestry options) provide the highest level of in-situ 26 ecosystem service benefits. Land-sparing strategies (full afforestation options) primarily provide ex-situ 27 ecosystem service benefits and are likely to require livelihood shifts for private landowners and 28 occupants. land use options on all grassland and arable land. In essence this simulated the impacts of 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% afforestation of grassland and arable land in the Welsh uplands. In this study we also assessed the ES benefits and EDS costs from forestry land use and agricultural land use on rough grazing modelled ceteris paribus . We used these values plus the values of ES benefits and EDS costs from grassland and arable land under the range of land use options to estimate the potential maxima impacts that widespread increases of tree cover on agricultural land could have on the total basket of ES benefits and EDS costs from the Welsh uplands as a whole in the impacts of our study made further steps to contributing towards the evidence base required to rationalise future land use changes (involving expansion of tree cover) in the Welsh uplands and agricultural landscapes generally. This study represents one of the first studies utilising a holistic assessment of changes to ES benefits and EDS costs resulting from expanding tree cover in upland agricultural systems. We produced spatially explicit estimates of EV of ES benefits and EDS costs based on country-specific data of biophysical and economic variables where they were available (e.g., estimates 538 of timber production yields based on Welsh climate data) and spatial determinants of ES and EDS demand. By using spatially explicit methods we demonstrate that changes to ESs and EDSs are uneven across the study area and they affect beneficiaries in significantly different ways. We hope to demonstrate this is more informative than other assessments of ESs from tree based land use change in Wales (Bateman, 1996; Cosby et al ., 2019) and from forestry land use in the UK generally (Dittrich et 543 al ., 2019; Eftec, 2010; Europe Economics, 2017; Saraev et al ., 2017; Willis et al ., 2003) which simply 544 provide aggregated values. This study provides evidence based hypothetical ES and EDS values for different land sparing and sharing strategies potentially suitable for increasing tree cover in upland agricultural systems. Whilst these values are constrained by the scale at which the assessment was undertaken, we still hope they provide an initial set of ES values and framework for informing land use change decisions in Welsh upland agricultural systems (and agricultural systems more generally) to address climate challenges and demand for public benefits. our results suggest that strategies where trees and AF-SH can to substantial increases in the total basket of ES benefits and increases in public ES Our results suggest that land-sharing strategies where tree are coarsely integrated alongside to smaller decreases in the total basket of ES than land sparing strategies, but the significant decreases in the private ES benefits under these debates around land use changes in similar agricultural systems generally. While we acknowledge certain limitations in that this study does not evaluate all conceivable ESs and EDSs, it does represent a significant addition to the evidence base surrounding the impacts of land use change on ESs and EDSs in agricultural systems generally and in the Welsh uplands generally.


The aim of this paper is to investigate Italian constructions like Gli prese paura 'he got scared' (lit. 'himDAT took fear'). Their crucial property is the combination of the light verb prendere with a dative experiencer which displays syntactic subject behaviour. The analysis, in the multistratal framework of Relational Grammar, leads to the assumption of impersonal "inversion" structures. Parallels, with lexical variation of the light verb, are found in other Romance languages.


Objective To observe the efficacy of ultrasonic atomizing inhalation of heparin and ambroxol in infants with infectious pneumonia.Methods 80 infants with infectious pneumonia were divided into Neb and control group randomly. The infants in Neb group were treated with ultrasonic atomizing inhalation of heparin and ambroxol; those in control group accept common atomizing inhalation. Both groups' infants received a similar combined therapy. Results The effective rate in Neb group was 95%, it was higher than 80%, which in control group (P0.05).Conclusions Treating neonatal infectious pneumonia with ultrasonic atomizing inhalation of heparin and ambroxol is effective and safe without obvious adverse effects.


This introductory essay takes recourse to the work of Edward Said on travelling theories and Michel Foucault on discursive formations, to highlight the historicity of all theorising, and the manufacturedness of all theoretical work. Particular attention is paid to experience as embeddedness, the construction of knowledge formations and disciplines, and the effects on knowledge formation of reappropriations and recontextualisations of theories and concepts. The metaphor of travel and of being in transit has been appropriated across diverse discourses and disciplinary domains to signal adaptions and re-applications of theories and concepts from one context to another, from one conceptual domain or discipline to another, and the embedment of theories and concepts in the concrete historical vicissitudes affecting the life of the theorist. This serves to frame the essays collected in this issue by the constellation of issues highlighted with appeal to discursive formations, retooling disciplines, and hosting travelling theories.


The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-positive cocci in poultry and poultry-meat products constitutes a potential reservoir for disseminating antibiotic resistance into the community via the food chain. This potential risk demands an ever-present requirement to ensure public safety by utilising thermal processes that have a high probability of achieving target process lethality in preparing commercially cooked ready-to-eat poultry. As a significant quantity of chicken meat in Australia is sold through the food service industry, such as the fast food chains, this study investigated the lethality of the cooking process in destroying these bacteria in barbecued (BBQ) rotisserie chicken prepared at a fast food outlet. The antimicrobial-resistant, Gram-positive cocci for this study were isolated from two poultry processing plants in Western Australia. The results confirm that the lethal effect of the cooking process assures the destruction of these antimicrobial-resistant organisms in BBQ rotisserie chicken.


The k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) is a basic machine learning (ML) algorithm, and several quantum versions of it, employing different distance metrics, have been presented in the last few years. Although the Euclidean distance is one of the most widely used distance metrics in ML, it has not received much consideration in the development of these quantum variants. In this article, a novel quantum k-NN algorithm based on the Euclidean distance is introduced. Specifically, the algorithm is characterised by a quantum encoding requiring a low number of qubits and a simple quantum circuit not involving oracles, aspects that favor its realization. In addition to the mathematical formulation and some complexity observations, a detailed empirical evaluation with simulations is presented. In particular, the results have shown the correctness of the formulation, a drop in the performance of the algorithm when the number of measurements is limited, the competitiveness with respect to some classical baseline methods in the ideal case, and the possibility of improving the performance by increasing the number of measurements.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and the compliance of risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Method The schizophrenia in 20 cases were treated with riperidone for eight weeks.The groups were assessed with the PANSS and the ESRS.Before and after treatment,the effect with positive and negative symptoms, and the side effects of extrapyramidal system were evaluated with RSESE. Results The effective rate of risperidone for schizophrenia was 90% after 8 weeks treatment, and there was no serious side effect.Conclusion The risperidone is a effective drug for both the positive and negative symptom and the compliance is good, so risperidone can serve as the first drug in the treatment of schizophrenia.


PAGE IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN SCIENCE OF CRIMINAL LAW THE COURSE-BOOK ON CRIMINAL LAW BY WŁODZIMIERZ SPASOWICZ (1829-1906) Summary Wlodzimierz Spasowicz (1829-1906) was a Pole from Belarus. He had many different professions; he was a journalist, a publisher, a profesor and an attorney. In 1863 he published first modern course-book on criminal law in the history of Russia (Petersburg). On its basis, on the 22nd of December 1863, he got his PhD degree. In Petersburg liberal circles Spasowicz's course-book received a positive review. The author's aversion towards treating criminal law as a tool of deterring people, was underlined. Moreover, he demanded suppression of capital punishment and confiscation of property. However, the authorities of tsarist Russia led to the withdrawal of the course-book from the list of didactic aids and deprived Spasowicz of the right to give lectures at Russian universities (1864). The publication of criminal law course-book by Spasowicz meant progress in the development of Russian criminal law. Its role was underlined by such "great" professors of criminal law as N. Tagancew and I. Fojnicki.


In this manuscript, an innovative method for the detection and the estimation of multiple targets in a radar system employing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is illustrated. The core of this method is represented by a novel algorithm for detecting multiple superimposed two-dimensional complex tones in the presence of noise and estimating their parameters. This algorithm is based on a maximum likelihood approach and combines a single tone estimator with a serial cancellation procedure. Our numerical results lead to the conclusion that the developed method can achieve a substantially better accuracy-complexity trade-off than various related techniques in the presence of closely spaced targets.


The collection and use of public credit information is the focus of local governments in constructing social credit system at present. The rule-making experiences in collection and use of public credit information from a handful of provinces and cities are worth learning. A comparison is made to the local rules regarding the collection and use of public credit information from Jiangsu Province,Shaanxi Province,Hangzhou City,Shanghai City,summarizing some general rules from such aspects as collection and use of the public credit information,objection handling,management mechanism,and putting forward some suggestions.


Frequency hopping (FH) spectrum prediction is challenging because of the discrepancy between the observed FH sequences and true values. Temporal convolutional network (TCN) has excellent sequence modeling ability due to its causal convolution structure and stacked dilated convolutional layers. In this paper, the FH sequence observation process is modeled with the state-space model, and the TCN is applied to FH sequence prediction with Bayesian hyper-parameter optimization. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed TCN model is evaluated in terms of prediction accuracy, training speed, and training stability in different types of FH sequences. Simulation results demonstrate the comprehensive performance of the proposed TCN-based FH prediction, which is suitable for the practical use of FH sequence prediction.


In this paper, we have studied the band structures of Aluminium compounds (AlX, X=P,As,Sb) under III-V semiconductor compounds. Our calculations were performed using a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the modified Becke-Johnson potential(mBJ). We have compared our results calculated by GGA and mBJ and found that the mBJ approximation gives better results in semiconductor compounds compared to GGA. We also obtained the results on the band structures with the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling on both approximations and then compared the results. We have found that the inclusion of spin-orbit coupling affects the band structures and the splitting of degenerate valence band occurs on high symmetry -point. We have also measured the value of the splitting energy and our results are similar to the experimental value.


The article accentuates modern concept of crisis management which places emphasis on strategic approaches to mitigation of company crisis. Crisis planning which is based on crisis scenarios should be considered corner stone of this approach. Crisis scenarios are thus trigger point for the elaboration of operable crisis plans. Composition of scenarios is based on identification and analysis of key risk factors which are properly assessed from the point of view of severity of impact and probability of occurrence. Any company should always define a couple of scenarios which, with highest possible probability, foresee the development of the environment. For each crisis scenario respective strategic plan shall be elaborated. Managers shall always keep in mind mutual influencing risk factors which may generate mighty synergic effect and multiply destructive impact on the company. In general strategic approaches, especially when based on scenario approach, may better evaluate possible development of business environment and enable managers to get prepared effectively to almost any upcoming crisis.


Abstract : This study summarizes the accumulated information and knowledge on precracked Charpy testing methods obtained as a result of an intensive literature survey. The precracked Charpy impact and slow bend test methods are defined and analyzed and their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations are critically appraised. The information will be especially useful to laboratories and engineers applying structural materials to aeronautical and aerospace structures.


Introduction. Infection Prevention is one of the surgical nurses' main responsibilities. One of the steps which patients undergo in this purpose before surgery is the preoperative skin desinfektion. Background. The patient washes the day before surgery with Descutan cutaneous sponge 4 %, a sponge containing chlorhexidine. Another skinn disinfection takes place directly before proceeding with surgery, where the surgical nurse disinfects the intended surgical site with chlorhexidine alcohol 5mg/ml. However, there is no consensus on how this application of chlorhexidine (a disinfectant method) should be undertaken, and there has never been investigated if it really has any great significance to the overall bacterial reduktion. Purpose. Investigate how three different preoperative disinfection methods with chlorhexidine alcohol 5mg/ml relate to each other in order to minimize bacterial growth. Method. The study is scheduled to be performed in a medium-sized county hospital in Vastra Gotaland Region, Sweden, comprised of one hundred fifty subjects on which bacterial cultures will be taken before and after disinfection. This will generate a total of three hundred bacterial cultures. A pilot study has been conducted with three subjects and generated eighteen bacterial cultures. A quantitative causal "cross - sectional" research design has been used. Results. In all bacterial cultures a total reduction of all bacterial colonies after disinfection was observd, regardless of disinfection method. Discussion. According to the pilot study, the choice of preoperative disinfectant method is irrelevant as long as plenty of chlorhexidine alcohol 5mg/ml i used.


The ore-forming ages and phases of the Sawayaerdun gold-antimony deposit constitute a problem of long controversy. Isotopic geochronological study of the ore-forming process shows that fluid inclusion Rb-Sr isochron ages for gold- and polymetallic sulfides-bearing quartz veins and gold-bearing quartz veins with small quantities of sulfides are 342±27 Ma and 246±16 Ma,respectively,which indicate that mineralization of gold in this orefield experienced at least two epochs,namely Carboniferous and Late Permian-Early Triassic. The single zircon U-Pb age of 133.7~131.0 Ma for monzonite-porphyry in the orefield implies that the magma was intruded after the ore-forming process in Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.


The attention of this text is focussed on the works of Fluxus poet Jackson Mac Low whose work in that field expanded the very field. Mac Low used chance generated methods to make poems, acompaning them with instructions, in which he explained his method and gives instructions for performers. He questione the field of poetry by questioning the intentionality of the author, developing the complex procedures that generated complex text and considered poetry a field of the performing arts.


The invention relates to electrical field and specifically relates to an anti-mistaken-entry transformer station with dual verification. The anti-mistaken-entry transformer station comprises a transformer station body and a transformer station door and is characterized in that grooves are disposed on positions, over and under the transformer station door, of the transformer station body; a rod body matching the grooves is disposed in the grooves and is connected and fixed to the transformer station body through a lock; an infrared sensor is arranged on a position, shielded by the rod body, of the transformer station door and is connected with a control module in the transformer station body; the control module is connected with an alarm module; an IC card swiping system, a password verifying system, and an electronic temperature device are arranged on the outer wall of the transformer station body; and an electronic lock is arranged on the inner side of the transformer station door. The anti-mistaken-entry transformer station prevents people from stealing or destroying communal facilities with intention and is low in cost and suitable for wide popularization.


This Article investigates Alice's effects at its one-year anniversary by reviewing how the courts, namely the PTAB, district courts and the Federal Circuit, have applied Alice since its issuance. As of June 19, 2015, Alice was cited in 198 PTAB decisions, 63 district court decisions, and 11 Federal Circuit opinions, in a total of 272 court cases, to invalidate patents under § 101 -- totally 286 invalidations out of 345 patents or patent applications appeared before the courts at an average invalidation rate of 82.9%.This Article estimates that -- without accounting for selection bias -- out of roughly 240,000 current patents in force related to computer-implemented inventions as of 2015, about 199,000 of those would likely be invalid patents under Alice, leaving about 41,000 valid patents.I also did a two-year review of Alice in Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society, Vol. 98, p.354, 2016, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=2798992.


A detailed analysis of dark current and noise dependence on capping thickness in vertically coupled quaternary (InAlGaAs) capped InAs/GaAs quantum dot infrared photodetectors is presented. We are investigating the effect of varying capping thickness on device performance with theoretical proposed model. 2.7 ML InAs dots were grown with a combination capping of quaternary InAlGaAs layer (30Å) and GaAs capping thickness varying from 90-180Å (coupled Device A-C) to 500Å (Uncoupled Device D). Photoluminescence (PL) measurement 8 K exhibited multimodal ground state emission peak for device A to C whereas single emission peak was observed from device D. The measured activation energies for dominant peaks using PL were 236.63 meV, 188.92 meV, 164.88 meV and 151.25 meV respectively. The theoretical model gave activation energies of 234.57 meV, 148 meV, 131.69 meV and 144.56 meV respectively, which are on par with experimental values. The theoretical model had two components: tunneling component and the thermionic component. The thermionic component has an exponential dependence on activation energy, electric field and fitting parameter β. Similarly, tunneling component was dependent on electric field and other fitting parameters. Minimum dark current density was observed in device B. Similar trends were observed for noise spectral density and photoconductive gain. For thin capped devices (A-C), maximum photocurrent with narrow spectral response peak around 7 μm was observed. Device A measured highest responsivity of 0.85 A/W while device B measured highest detectivity of 2.48 × 1010 Jones.


ABSTRACT Virosomal vaccines were prepared by extracting hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase from influenza virus and incorporating it in the membranes of liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine. Two intranasal spray vaccine series were prepared: one series comprised 7.5 μg of HA of each of three strains recommended by the World Health Organization and 1 μg of Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (HLT), and the other contained the HA without HLT. In addition, a third vaccine preparation contained 15 μg of HA and 2 μg of HLT. The parenteral virosomal vaccine contained 15 μg of HA without additional adjuvant. The immunogenicity of a single spray vaccination (15 μg of HA and 2 μg of HLT) was compared with that of two vaccinations (7.5 μg of HA with or without 1 μg of HLT) with an interval of 1 week in 60 healthy working adults. Twenty volunteers received one parenteral virosomal vaccine. Two nasal spray vaccinations with HLT-adjuvanted virosomal influenza vaccine induced a humoral immune response which was comparable to that with a single parenteral vaccination. A significantly higher induction of influenza virus-specific immunoglobulin A was noted in the saliva after two nasal applications. The immune response after a single spray vaccination was significantly lower. It could be shown that the use of HLT as a mucosal adjuvant is necessary to obtain a humoral immune response comparable to that with parenteral vaccination. All vaccines were well tolerated.


We survey problems, results, and methods concerning k-facets and k-sets of finite point sets in real ane d-space and the dual notion of levels in arrangements of hyperplanes.


Precise and clear Business Process Modeling (BPM) can be used to implement the all of processes according to the user's needs. On the other hand, cloud computing has become a solution for data storage and more effective and efficient computing processes. State Polytechnic of Malang (Polinema) is one of the vocational higher education Institutions in Indonesia that requires business process modeling to facilitate an integrated understanding of process flow. This study aims to describe the business processes of the financial realization system and the structure of cloud computing that can be used. This research used Bizagi for designing Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) in modeling business processes of financial system realization. This paper describes the business model of the financial realization system at Polinema. This study proposes the use of an Infrastructure as a Service IaaS-based cloud computing service model using a hybrid cloud approach to support the work of the system.


The patriotism is a historical category,in the different stage of the social development,the different historical period has the different connotation.Its concrete content is developing and changing along with the change of the national historical condition and the historical stage.The Marxist"five-view"education,the Xinjiang history-and-region-sentiment education,the national unity and"four-approval"education and the education for maintaining the reunification of the motherland against the racial segregation and the illegal religious activities are all the focal points of the patriotic education for Xinjiang universities to implement. In view of this characteristic,we must take some measures and seek a new and effective way for patriotic education.


It is well known that very special $\Gamma$-spaces and grouplike $\E_\infty$ spaces both model connective spectra. Both these models have equivariant analogues. Shimakawa defined the category of equivariant $\Gamma$-spaces and showed that special equivariant $\Gamma$-spaces determine positive equivariant spectra. Costenoble and Waner showed that grouplike equivariant $\E_\infty$-spaces determine connective equivariant spectra.
We show that with suitable model category structures the category of equivariant $\Gamma$-spaces is Quillen equivalent to the category of equivariant $\E_\infty$ spaces. We define the units of equivariant ring spectra in terms of equivariant $\Gamma$-spaces and show that the units of an equivariant ring spectrum determines a connective equivariant spectrum.


Using {approx} 1 fb{sup {minus}1} of data collected at the {Upsilon}(4S) energy with the CLEOII detector at CESR, the authors have measured the neutral B meson semileptonic branching fraction. B{sup 0}`s were tagged using partially reconstructed D*{pi}.


Studies of masking by harmonic complexes have been useful in identifying some of the mechanisms that may contribute to the processing of complex sounds. In humans, for instance, harmonic complexes constructed in positive and negative Schroeder phase are differentially effective as maskers even though they have identical temporal envelopes and long‐term spectra — a result that may reflect the phase response of the mammalian basilar membrane. Recent experiments on budgerigars show significant differences from the responses observed in humans [Dent et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104, 1811 (1998)]. Here, we extend the generality of the budgerigar masking results to three other bird species. Masked thresholds for tones embedded in Schroeder‐phase maskers were measured in budgerigars, canaries, zebra finches, and fire finches using operant conditioning and the method of constant stimuli. All species produced similar masking results to those reported earlier for budgerigars: none of the birds showed greater masking...


In order to improve the cap detection efficiency, reduce cost, this paper puts forward a kind of beverage bottle cap detection algorithm based on pixel, the algorithm according to find out the edge line on midperpendicular, left and right edges, and highlight the bottleneck to judge the cap of the four kinds of four steps. In practice, the system monitoring accuracy above 99%, experiments prove that algorithm has a good practicability.


Summarizing the powerful relationship between sport fandom and gambling, Wann, Melnick, Russell, and Pease (2001) concluded that "Sport consumption and gambling go hand in hand" (p. 37). Indeed, figures for sport wagering can be staggering. For instance, it has been estimated that people wager billions of dollars on sport annually, either legally or (mostly) illegally (Claussen & Miller, 2001; Kelly, 2011; McKelvey, 2004). The American Gaming Association (Sports wagering, 2013) reported that, in 2012, $3.45 billion was wagered legally in Nevada alone.At issue in the current investigation are the potential impacts of the increased legalization and accessibility of sport gambling (the current work focuses exclusively on sport wagering within the U.S.). In particular, the current work investigated the relationship between various personality and trait variables and perceptions of the potential impacts of increased legalization of sport wagering. The personal traits of interest included sport fandom (the extent to which an individual identifies with the role of sport fan; Wann, 2002) and economic motivation (the extent to which individuals are motivated to follow sport for the opportunity to place sport wagers, Wann, 1995). Increased legalization of sport gambling was viewed as potential changes in gambling laws that would render legalized sport wagering as more readily available (e.g., at casinos and race tracks). That is, opportunities to legally wager on sport would be available beyond the current few locations (such as Las Vegas).As a result of the 1992 Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, only a handful of states are permitted to offer legalized gambling (Nevada, Delaware, Oregon, Montana). However, other states have become interested in allowing legalized sport wagering, generally in hope of gaining tax revenue. At the front of this movement has been the state of New Jersey, where law makers attempted to establish legalized sport gambling in 2012. In response, sport leagues/organizations sued the state of New Jersey in an effort to stop state authorities from legalizing sport gambling. These organizations (i.e., National Collegiate Athletic Association, Major League Baseball, National Football League, National Basketball Association, and National Hockey League) traditionally argued that the increased legalization of sport wagering would significantly damage their product. Although they argued multiple points in opposition of legalized sport wagering (e.g., increased game "fixing" on the part of players and others, increased criminal activity, diminished league integrity), one dispute speaks directly to the psychology of the sport fan and spectator (Tuohy, 2013). Specifically, league officials argued that increased legalization of sport wagering would fundamentally change the manner in which fans and spectators follow, consume, and react to sporting events.Recently, however, certain professional sports leagues have warmed to the idea of sports wagering. In November 2014, the New York Times published an op-ed by National Basketball Association (NBA) Commissioner Adam Silver in which he advocated for legalized betting on professional sports events. Silver stated that sports betting has become an accepted part of the sport experience and is now a global phenomenon. He also argued for the regulation of such activities to protect the consumer and their interests (Silver, 2014). While sports leagues have traditionally had a tenuous relationship with sports gambling, Silver's statements represent one of the first major attempts by a major American sports executive/commissioner to embrace the peripheral activity. Interestingly, Silver's op-ed was published one day after a partnership was announced between FanDuel.com and the NBA to offer the first official sanctioned one-day fantasy game (FanDuel, 2014b).Empirical Examinations of Sport GamblingA number of researchers have examined the issue of sport gambling, as well as investigating persons who report an interest in the activity. …


We investigate the possibility that a statistical detection of the galaxy parallax shifts due to the Earth's motion with respect to the CMB frame (cosmic secular parallax) could be made by the Vera Rubin Observatory or by the WFIRST satellite, and used to measure the Hubble constant. We make mock galaxy surveys which extend to redshift z=0.06 from a large N-body simulation, and include astrometric errors from the LSST and WFIRST science requirements, redshift errors and peculiar velocities. We include spectroscopic redshifts for the brightest galaxies (r < 18) in the fiducial case. We use these catalogues to make measurements of parallax versus redshift, for various assumed survey parameters and analysis techniques. We find that in order to make a competitive measurement it will be necessary to model and correct for the peculiar velocity component of galaxy proper motions. It will also be necessary to push astrometry of extended sources into a new regime, and combine information from the different elements of resolved galaxies. For our fiducial survey parameters, we predict an rms error on the direct geometrical measurement of H0 of 2.8 % for LSST and 0.8 % for WFIRST.


The methods based on the droop characteristics have inherent advantages in parallel operation of voltage source inverters (VSI's). The droop control method requires information of voltage and current only at point of common coupling without any communication link between individual inverters. In conventional droop method, the active and reactive power are shared in linear relation to frequency and voltage, hence, the performance of the controller is imprecise under different loading conditions. In this paper, a modified droop characteristics has been proposed for sharing power among the VSI's in order to achieve better frequency and voltage regulation. This modified method has the ability to regulate the frequency even at low power outputs while preventing overloading during peak power demand. The modelling and simulation of the proposed method has been performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to validate the approach.


Summary: Amiruddin Tawe, Economic Studies About the Causes of poverty in Rural Mojong Sidrap. Based on the result of data analysis and discussion that has been described on the causes of poverty in rural Mojong Sidrap as discussed in the previous chapter. It can be deduced the factors that influence the following number of family members that work still needs to be given training and edequate knowledge so that it can cope whit the number of families covered, in addition to the services of the relevant parties (the government) will be needed, especially the fulfillment of health, education and employment opportunities for residents in the village.
Of the various indicators of poverty adiharapkan government help to reduce the number of poor people that there can be insurmountable little by little. Some technical measures by government, especially on keeping price stability of basic commodities, Encouranging growthpro-poor, improve and expand the scope of community-based development programs. The program aims to improve the synergy and optimization of community development in rural and urban areas and to strengthen the provision of support for the development of business opportunities for the poor in Desea Mojong Kebupaten Sidrap.


A 32-year-old woman presented to the Royal Brisbane Hospital immediately on disembarking from a flight from Bangkok. She had a 5-day history of gastrointestinal symptoms, fever and altered mental state. She was a university graduate and had travelled for 2 months across south-east Asia before becoming unwell in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Her illness began with mood elevation, hallucinations, muscle spasms and paraesthesiae, shortly after ingestion of a "herbal pizza". Within 24 hours, nausea, vomiting and profuse watery diarrhoea ensued. Despite empirical treatment for bacterial gastroenteritis, symptoms progressed to lethargy with altered mental state. The patient had been taking doxycycline for malaria prophylaxis, and had been vaccinated against viral hepatitis, tetanus, poliomyelitis and typhoid. She was aware of the availability of a Japanese encephalitis vaccine, but had been advised that it was not essential. On presentation, the patient was drowsy and dehydrated, with a temperature of 38°C and tachycardia. There was peripheral leukocytosis (white cell count, 17.9 x 109 cells/L; reference range [RR], 4.0–11.0 x 109 cells/L) with dominant neutrophilia, as well as hyponatraemia, but renal function was preserved. Fever and lethargy persisted over 48 hours despite rehydration and regular paracetamol. Increasing obtundation and a fine tremor were observed. The patient complained of persistent headache, mild photophobia and neck discomfort. Her partner commented on her slow mentation, reduced concentration and personality change. Investigations for malaria, typhoid, rickettsial disease and infectious diarrhoea were all negative. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain detected no abnormalities. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed mononuclear pleocytosis (white cell count, 12 x 106 cells/L; 92% mononuclear cells [RR, < 5 x 106 mononuclears/L]), with mild elevation of protein level (0.62 g/L [RR, <0.45 g/L]), but was negative for herpes simplex virus by polymerase chain reaction. Flavivirus-specific IgM was detected in CSF and subsequently blood. The diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis was confirmed by a rise in titre of specific IgG in blood, from 80 (8 days after onset of illness) to 1280 (4 weeks after onset). The fever resolved spontaneously by Day 4 after presentation, and the patient was discharged after 10 days. At the time of discharge, her level of alertness had improved, but global impairment of higher cognitive functioning and tremor persisted. After a period of convalescence of approximately 5 months, during which she was cared for by her partner, the patient was able to return to work.


The load on a power system varies continuously, as a result frequency change continuously.Therefore, automatic generation control (AGC) is required to bring back the frequency to reference value and is used to control the deviations in tie-line power as scheduled by maintaining constant rated frequency. The extended power system divided into number of areas which are interconnected by tie-lines leads to multi area power system. Present scenario is shifted towards renewable energy; therefore, wind energy generation is also taken into account. In this paper, AGC of a three-area power system including wind energy is carried out using MATLAB/Simulink software. The three areas consist of non-reheat thermal;reheat thermal and hydro generations along with wind energy generation in each area. The control techniques used are active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and PID controllers. PID controllers are tuned by Zeigler-Nichols (ZN) method and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique. Here, we use ADRC for conventional generators and PID controllers tuned by PSO for wind energy of the three areas as option one. This control option is compared with all PID controllers tuned by PSO (option two) and all PID controllers tuned by Z-N method (option three). The results show that option one control employing both ADRC and PID controllers is good in terms of overshoots, settling times.


To study the accuracy of critical flow model in system analysis code and the discharge process dynamic trend, the RETRAN-3D and RELAP5/MOD4.0 are used to simulate the high temperature and pressure discharge experiment. The trends of void fraction, temperature, pressure and residual water filling quantity in the high pressure vessel are achieved. The results show that during the short-time effect calculation process, the trends and numerical quality of the thermal-hydraulic parameters calculated by the critical flow model of RETRAN-3D are closely coincident with experimental results. And the trends of the RELAP5 code are also coincident with experimental results, but the de-pressure speed is much fast and the critical mass flow is a little high. During the longtime effect calculation process, the RETRAN-3D code can't run as negative pressure results, while the RELAP5 code can execute long-time run.


A proposed hard x-ray (>10 keV) telescope design uses multilayers on gold coated replica substrates. We investigated the grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity (0.154 nm) of super polished fused silica, gold coated fused silica, and mutilayers deposited on each. Gold coatings of 100 nm were deposited by both magnetron sputtering and ion beam sputtering. Carbon/nickel multilayers (20 layer pair with 4.0 nm d-spacing) were deposited by ion beam sputtering. We report the results of specular and diffuse reflectivity characterizations of these samples. The easured x-ray reflectivities are compared to model calculations evaluating film thickness, ensity, optical properties, and interface roughness/diffusion. It is concluded that substrate and film quality (roughness and density) can be determined by grazing incidence reflectivity measurements and correlated to final multilayer reflectivity and model calculations.


A sourcebook for both professional and amateur interior designers. At its heart is an illustrated section providing a chronological overview of different styles of fireplace and their key features. It also discusses practical queries, and the advantages and disadvantages of reproduction pieces.


This study explores how Digital transformation affects corporate performance and the moderating role of corporate culture in this process. By analyzing the data of Chinese listed companies, we find that Digital transformation has a positive impact on corporate performance, and corporate culture can further enhance this impact. Our research findings have important implications for both theory and practice. As for theory, our research has deepened the understanding of the impact of Digital transformation and revealed the moderating role of corporate culture. For practice, our research results suggest that enterprises should actively carry out Digital transformation and cultivate an enterprise culture that supports innovation and change. Policymakers can also draw inspiration from our research results, for example, they can provide financial support and technical training, and formulate favorable policies to encourage enterprises to carry out Digital transformation. However, our research also has some limitations, such as not considering the possible mediating role of corporate culture and the limitations of the sample. Future research can try to address these limitations and further broaden our understanding of the relationship between Digital transformation, corporate culture and corporate performance.


Debt covenants reduce agency cost of debt while bringing into contracting cost which increases with firms' growth opportunities. In this paper, we exploit an unexpected increase in military spending after the War of Afghanistan which led to an increase in growth opportunities for defense contractors to establish a causal relationship from growth opportunities to firms' bank loan covenants. Using a difference-in-difference strategy, we find that defense contractors have much less covenants after 2001, with the effect concentrated right after the war. Aside from significantly less general covenants, firms receive less restrictions in investment spending and become less likely to include build-ups on covenant thresholds. The effect mainly comes from more diversified firms, firms that are more opaque and firms in need of more financial flexibility. Our findings are consistent with firms relieving debt covenants to minimize contracting cost as a response to increased growth opportunities and thus support the costly contracting hypothesis by Smith and Warner (1979).


If, in addition to the usual luminosity correction de- scribed by the light curve slope parameter b, we introduce a color correction parameter R, then an extraordinarily good t is realized for all the 29 distant Type Ia supernovae of the re- cent Calan/Tololo supernova survey. The reduced 2 found is much lower than can be expected. All of the intrinsic disper- sion is thereby removed from the data sample, leaving perfectly standardized candles insofar as one can measure with present techniques. The best-t solution has a mysteriously low value for R (referred to the B-band) of about 2 and a value of b 0.5 which is smaller than previously reported without the color cor- rection. These parameters lead, using pre-Hipparcos distances for Cepheid calibrations, to essentially the same value for the Hubble constant. Our preliminary value, subject to further in- vestigation of Cepheid-calibrated supernovae using this same color correction, is H0 =6 0 6 kms 1 Mpc 1 .


The Rubin Observatory's Data Butler is designed to allow data file location and file formats to be abstracted away from the people writing the science pipeline algorithms. The Butler works in conjunction with the workflow graph builder to allow pipelines to be constructed from the algorithmic tasks. These pipelines can be executed at scale using object stores and multi-node clusters, or on a laptop using a local file system. The Butler and pipeline system are now in daily use during Rubin construction and early operations.


The Latin American Security and Intelligence agendas have been focused almost exclusively on the treatment of the classic themes of Security in its political – military and police – criminalistics dimensions. However, another dimension with increasing strategic importance such as a Geo-economics Security agenda with a Scientific and Technological Intelligence mechanism oriented to Development through National Systems of Innovation have been ignored until today. In the present paper, both a model and a concept of Scientific and Technological Intelligence for Development (STID) within a Geo-economics Security agenda it´s produced


The phase equilibrium of the Fe‐Mn‐Al ternary system plays an important role in development of cryogenic alloys and heat‐resistant steels. In the present work, the isothermal sections of Fe‐Mn‐Al system were calculated at different temperatures from 1500 °C to 400 °C at an interval of 100 °C. The calculated results indicate that there is a three‐phase region (α+γ+βMn) from 1000 °C to 400 °C. The position of the three‐phase region (α+γ+βMn) moves to the lower Mn content region with temperature decreasing. Besides, the relative experiments also processed by use of optical microscopy and electron probe after heat treatment for equilibrium condition.


Using the debate between the logic of appropriateness and consequences as a theoretical backdrop, I argue that neither is able to explain the United States' choices between unilateralism and multilateralism in post-Cold War military interventions. The logic of appropriateness is theoretically flawed because states are ultimately unwilling to compromise operational effectiveness on behalf of "oughtness," and the logic of consequences has until now been insufficiently specified for the purposes of explaining military cooperation behavior. In this article, I suggest that "consequences" are best specified according to time horizon, which creates intertemporal tradeoffs between the long-term benefits of multilateralism and immediate payoffs of unilateralism, and the nature of the intervention, which affects the operational payoffs of multilateralism. I test this argument and the existing explanations against the case of Afghanistan. Its within-case variation—largely unilateral in combat operations and robustly multilateral in post-conflict phases—lends strong support to the logic of consequences as specified according to time horizon and operational payoff.


An 80-year-old woman admitted to our hospital because of vomiting was diagnosed as having strangulation ileus and a cystic mass in the pelvis based on abdominal CT findings. At emergency surgery, the terminal ileum was strangulated by the appendix itself, which was pulled by a huge cystic mass 10 cm in diameter located at the apex of appendix. An ileocecal resection was thus performed. The cystic mass was diagnosed as low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm, pathologically. Strangulation ileus caused by the appendix itself pulled with an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is extremely rare, and this is the 13 th case report of the disease in Japan. Because the appendix presented such an interesting condition as the appendix itself played a role of the strangulation band due to the heaviness of the cystic mass, we report this case here.


This study demonstrates how authentic leadership and the quality of employee-organization relationships (EOR) influence employee behavioral reactions to dissatisfying events at work. We conducted a nationwide survey of 644 full-time employees in the United States. The results from the structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that authentic leadership was positively and directly related to employees' considerate voice but was not directly associated with other behavioral responses. Additionally, the quality of EOR was found to be a strong mediator between authentic leadership and employee behaviors—particularly in enhancing considerate voice and patience and reducing exit—in the context of dissatisfying workplace events. The implications of developing authentic leadership to build and maintain the quality of EOR are discussed.


Almost 1000 adults participated in the development of the Cognitive Style Index (CSI), a new measure designed specifically for use with managerial and professional groups. the objectives of the study were, first, to produce a psychome‐trically sound instrument suitable for application in large‐scale organizational studies, and second, through its development, to confirm empirically the generic intuition‐analysis dimension of cognitive style. Findings suggest that each objective was largely fulfilled. At a time when there is a burgeoning interest in intuition as a basis for decision making and problem solving in organizations, the CSI would appear to be a notable addition to the small collection of measures appropriate for survey research.


Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is a procedure that is used to disaggregate the contributions of different appliances in a building. Various traditional techniques use supervised and unsupervised learning for disaggregation. Very few papers utilize the semi-supervised or active approaches. The two approaches are used in case of training data scarcity. The semi-supervised approach is prone to errors as training dataset is small, while the active leaning approach relies completely on the user to get correct labels. A technique that leverages the semi-supervised and active learning together is applied. This can reduce the number of samples required to the users, also can increase the accuracy of the semi-supervised algorithm while more reliable samples can be added. Many cases are studied and the results showed the robustness and reliability of the new combination. The proposed combined technique showed that the number of queries can be reduced to fifth without losing more than 4% of the accuracy. Also, by combining the semi-supervised and active techniques, the accuracy increased by 6% compared to the stand alone semi-supervised approach.


The Korean rice variety, Tongil, was studied to know the inheritance of blast resistance. An F3 population of the cross of PalkwengxTongil showed segregations which were able to be explained by two or more genes against seven fungus strains which had been used as differential fungus strains in Japan. The tests of hybrids of Tongil with KlYOSAWA'S differential varieties for classifying varieties based on blast resistance indicates that af least two of these genes for resistance in Tongil are Pi-a and Pi-b. Tests of Tongil with fungus mutants support the presence of the two genes. Tongil was susceptible to some Philippine fungus strains. The reactions of KIYOSAWA'S differential varieties to the Philippine fungus strains indicated that Kusabue has a gene or genes controlling moderate resistance to the strains. This resistance gene(s) is not carried by Tsuyuake.


This paper presents a joint source separation algorithm that simultaneously reduces acoustic echo, reverberation and interfering sources. Target speeches are separated from the mixture by maximizing independence with respect to the other sources. It is shown that the separation process can be decomposed into cascading sub-processes that separately relate to acoustic echo cancellation, speech dereverberation and source separation, all of which are solved using the auxiliary function based independent component/vector analysis techniques, and their solving orders are exchangeable. The cascaded solution not only leads to lower computational complexity but also better separation performance than the vanilla joint algorithm.


The tailoring of molecular weight distribution and the functional group density of vinyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by molecular beam deposition is demonstrated herein. Thermally evaporated PDMS and its residue are characterized using gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Thermal fragmentation of vinyl groups occurs for evaporation temperatures above 487 K (214 °C). At a background pressure of 10−6 mbar, the maximum molecular weight distribution is adjusted from (700 ± 100) g/mol to (6100 ± 100) g/mol with a polydispersity index of 1.06 ± 0.02. The content of vinyl-termination per repeating unit of PDMS is tailored from (2.8 ± 0.2)% to (5.6 ± 0.1)%. Molecular weights of vinyl-terminated PDMS evaporated at temperatures above 388 K (115 °C) correspond to those attributed to trimethyl-terminated PDMS. Side groups of linear PDMS dominate intermolecular interactions and vapor pressure.


The purpose of this study was to examine perceived leisure constraints of parents/caregivers of children with disabilities. This study specifically queries parents/caregivers about changes in leisure when they are provided respite from their parenting roles while their child is away at a residential camp. Four main themes emerged: time, accommodations, resources, and attitude. Various negotiation strategies used to participate in chosen leisure activities are also discussed. During a time of respite, the majority of parents/caregivers took advantage of more passive leisure activities such as relaxing, recharging, reflecting, and reconnecting with significant others and friends. This study supports the need for more respite opportunities for parents/caregivers of children with disabilities.


Hysteromyoma is a common benign tumor of female reproductive tract, and its incidence is on the rise, which seriously affects women's physical and mental health and quality of life[1]. Clinical investigation shows that more than 20% of women of childbearing age have uterine fibroids, and there are no obvious symptoms, and a few can appear longer period, increase in leucorrhea, increase in volume and lower abdominal mass[2]. At present, the specific pathogenesis of uterine fibroids has not been fully elucidated, and it is generally considered to be an estrogen-dependent tumor, which is related to estrogen, environmental factors and gene mutation[3]. Surgery is the main method for the treatment of uterine fibroids, but surgical trauma and postoperative pain are harmful stimulation, which can cause significant stress response in the body and affect the quality of life of patients[4,5]. The effective analgesic method and anesthetic method are of great significance. This study was to investigate serum in patients with uterine fibroids epidural analgesia Cancer antigen 125 (Cancer antigen 125, CA125), Vascular endothelial growth factor C (Vascular endothelial growth factor C, VEGF-C) and Prostaglandin E2 (Prostaglandin E2, PGE2). See the relevant report below.


In the following, side effects of psychotropic drugs will stand for unwanted effects that occur within the therapeutic dosage for the drug in question, when administered to treat an illness within the therapeutic range of the medication. As a definition, this limitation excludes such consequences as poisoning after overdosing, abuse disorders, and actual malpractice. The side effects can be divided into initial and tardive effects. Sedation after a high dose of neuroleptics is usually an initial side effect, while hypothyroidism after lithium treatment is usually a tardive phenomenon. Tardive side effects in particular can only be enumerated through systematic clinical registration of the treatments given to many patients, and the scales that operationally can be used for this purpose are therefore of great importance. One should note that for rare and tardive side effects many cases are needed in order to rate the degree of probability of a relationship between treatment and clinical manifestation. In the clinical registration of side effects in psychiatry, it is often difficult to differentiate between drug-induced symptoms and those symptoms that are part of the psychiatric disorder itself. Placebo controlled studies thus give valuable information in this area. By "corrected" side effect profile is meant (a) the difference between "side effect frequency" during active treatment and that during administration of placebo or (b) only symptoms which where absent pretreatment. In the development of side effect scales, as with psychopathological scales, the question of short specific scales vs. comprehensive, general scales has been discussed. Since 1970, actual side effect scales for various groups of psychotropic drugs have been published. Short side effect scales have been developed for antidepressants (389) and lithium (390). For neuroleptics, the most utilized scale is an extra-pyramidal clinical scale Simpson Angus Index (SAI) (391) or the Sct. Hans Rating Scale (392). These scales have, to some extent, come into use, but often with considerabfe modifications. Attempts to use these scales as dimensions, where the sum of the individual items is used as a sufficient measure of a side effect profile have not been very successful. With side effect scales in particular, each item or symptom must be analyzed separately. It is essential to have a sufficiently large item universe when more rarely occumng side effects are to be documented. Among general side effect scales, axis 5 of the AMDP-system (see also the introductory chapter of the general symptom scales) has been used as a side effect scale, as this axis contains somatic symptoms. The AMDP-system has not become widely used in this capacity. Another system, the ECDEU (Early Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit, (1 19)) has come into relatively wide use, as the following scales from it should actually be seen as side effect scales: the DOTES (Dosage Record and Treatment Emergent Symptoms Scale), the TESS (Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale), and the STRESS (Subjects Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale). This system has several good points, among them that the symptom intensity is evaluated separately. Thereafter the physician indicates the degree and likelihood of a connection between symptom and medication, and that the resulting consequences or actions are indicated should any drug-induced side effect occur. The system contains altogether 30 symptoms, but unfortunately, these symptoms are not sufficiently operationally defined. From the National Institute of Mental Health a very comprehensive side effect scale has been developed (393) called the Systematic Assessment for Treatment Emergent Events (SAFTEE). The first studies with this scale in the U.S. have shown that it is very complicated to use in clinical trials, since a very time-consuming interview has to be performed for each potential side effect. With that background, the UKU developed a general side-effect scale containing 48 symptoms considered to cover the area induced by psychotropic drugs. The UKU scale is included in this collection. The scale was developed in conjunction with a Scandinavian multi-center study including 50 hospitals and approximately 2400 patients, who had been treated with neuroleptics for at least one month. This cross-sectional study is published elsewhere (67).


Problems in the determination of acidic organic compounds such as carboxylic acids or phenols in water are well-known, for instance incomplete extraction and derivatization or adsorption effects. In this study a method is presented which allows the determination of mono- and dinitrophenols in different types of water. It consists of a pre-concentration step at the surface of a polystyrene adsorbent, a derivatization to the methyl ethers and a detection and quantification by GC/MS. For the pre-concentration of these polar analytes, liquid/liquid extraction is not always successful, and solid phase extraction proved to be more favourable. The problem is not to find a good adsorbent but to find one from which the analytes can be efficiently desorbed. Highly cross-linked polystyrene, cleaned according to the procedure given in the text, showed the best properties for this purpose. After elution with an organic solvent, the nitrophenols were derivatized with diazomethane, which dispite of some health risk, is the best agent for this group of substances. For detection and quantification, GC/MS is applied in the selected ion mode. The performance of this method and interferences are discussed. The results of this study are the basis for establishing the draft standard DIN 38 407 T 23 on the determination of nitrophenols in water.


The paper started from the angle of"distance"to elaborate the reason why 《A Surrounded City》 used novel metaphor and have enjoyed great popularity.We used plentiful examples to elaborate the positive correlation between"distance"and novel metaphor effect, and analyzed material way to produce distance in noumenon and images.At last, we did academic exploration combining with Qian Zhongshu's metaphor thought.


Based on Landau-Devonshire free energy theory,A thermodynamic model was built for PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3/SrTiO3 heteroepitaxial bilayer on (001) SrTiO3 and unconstrained PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3/SrTiO3 bilayers. The dielectric response and high dielectric tunability in bilayers was investigated. It is shown that the critical fraction of SrTiO3 is 30% and relative dielectric response can reach ≈3.3×105 when the bilayers are freestanding,while the critical fraction of SrTiO3 is 51% and relative dielectric response reach ≈4×105 when bilayers are heteroepitaxial. Besides,the tunability of these structures are increased with increasing electric field,the maximum is ≈99%.


Calculating the similarity estimates between the query sam- ple and the database samples becomes an exhaustive task with large, usually continuously updated multimedia databases. In this paper, a fast and low complexity transformation from the original feature space into k-dimensional vector space and clustering are proposed to alleviate the problem. First k key- samples are chosen randomly from the database. These sam- ples and a distance function specify the transformation from the series of feature vectors into k-dimensional vector space where database (re)clustering can be done fast with plural- ity of traditional clustering technique whenever required. In the experiments, similarity between the samples was calcu- lated by using the Euclidean distance between their associated feature vector probability density functions. The k-means al- gorithm was used to cluster the transformed samples in the vector space. The experiments show that considerable time and computational savings are achieved while there is only a marginal drop in performance.