PURPOSE: Perioperative ostomy education is essential for patients to develop skills and comfort with self-care at home with a new ostomy, but shortened hospital length of stay (LOS) reduces time for postoperative education for patients. This study explored the initial experiences and care needs of patients who have undergone creation of a new ostomy during their transition from hospital to home. DESIGN: Qualitative interpretive description using latent content analysis. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: Thirteen patients who had undergone an elective colorectal surgery involving creation of an ostomy were interviewed. Participants were 33 to 78 years of age, 54% were female, and 62% were undergoing ostomy creation for colorectal cancer operations. Eleven participants underwent temporary ileostomy creation, and 2 patients had permanent end colostomies created. METHODS: Interviews were conducted in person and audiotaped by study investigators within 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Audiotapes were transcribed verbatim by trained transcriptionists, and each transcript was reviewed in duplicate by study investigators. A latent content analysis method was used to determine the implied meaning in participants' experiences of having a new ostomy. RESULTS: The transition from hospital to home with a new ostomy was illustrated by 5 major themes: (1) Having an ostomy is a life-changing and bizarre experience; (2) Adjustment and adaptation occur through acceptance and self-reliance; (3) It's a hands-on thing: with the role of WOC nurse providing support in achieving independence; (4) Improved home care infrastructure is needed; and (5) Practical advice shared from experiential learning. CONCLUSION: Patients with new ostomies are motivated and able to cope with the ostomy and regain independence over a short period after surgery. Shorter LOS does not impede ostomy education so long as adequate home care and support group programs are available. Knowledge gained through this study will assist WOC nurses in managing patients' expectations and the planning and delivery of education to patients with newly created ostomies.


High-quality single-crystal Y2O3 nano films have been grown epitaxially on Si (111) despite a lattice mismatch of 2.4 %. The films were electron beam evaporated from pure compacted powder Y2O3 target by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Structural and morphological studies were carried out by x-ray diffraction, reflectivity, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), with the initial epitaxial growth monitored by in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). Chemical analysis were performed by in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and medium energy ion scattering (MEIS) accompanied with electrical measurement of I-V and C-V characteristics. The films have the cubic bixbyite phase with a remarkably uniform thickness and highly structural perfection. The films are well aligned with the Si substrate with an orientation relationship of Si (111)//Y2O3 (111), and a dominant in-plane expitaxy of Si [-110] || Y2O3 [-101] with domain size about 20 nm. Cross-sectional HRTEM micrographs confirm the observations using x-ray diffraction and reflectivity, namely the structural perfection and very sharp interface between the oxide and Si. From in-situ XPS results, an interfacial silicate layer was observed with an oxygen-deficient oxide layer on the top of the film. Even so, excellent leakage performance (JL~5.5×10-8A/cm2) is still observed. It is remarkable that a nano oxide grew excellently hetero-epitaxially on Si.


Hole nesting birds are frequently faced with the problem of old nests from previous breeding seasons in their nest cavities. Many studies investigated birds' site selection preferences, but mostly in connection with the level of ectoparasites occurring in old nests. But the presence of old nest material in a cavity may also result in a shallower nest site, making the eggs or nestlings more vulnerable to predators. However, the presence of an old nest in a cavity may function as a cue for site safety. Nest site choice of the starling Sturnus vulgaris in relation to cavity depth and the presence of old nests was studied for four years. Nest boxes with or without old nests and of varying depths were used in field experiments. This study found that the starling prefers deeper nest boxes and those without old nests. Nest sites with old nest material could have been avoided either because of the presence of ectoparasites or inappropriate cavity depth. It seems that the starling does not assess site quality by the presence of an old nest. However, the results of this study did not show which of these factors was the stronger indicator for the birds' preference of a site. The presence of old nests and cavity depth on starlings' breeding ecology and ethology are discussed.


Global temperatures are now predicted to be 1—6 ℃ warmer than today by the year 2100.Environmental warming is likely to have significant effects on plant carbon relations,particularly through its effects on photosynthesis and respiration.In terrestrial environments,the nighttime daily minimum air temperatures in recent decades have increased more than the daytime maximum air temperatures.Understanding how plants respond to differential day/night warming may help scientists to predict the responses of plants to global warming.Most published studies of the effects of warming on plant growth have focused on either dominant species or invasive species.Little attention has been paid to endangered plants,but understanding how such species adapt in the context of global warming may be critical to their survival.Sinocalycanthus chinensis is an endangered plant belonging to the family Calycanthaceae.Here,we analyzed the effects of differential simulated day/night warming on the photosynthesis characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of S.chinensis seedlings.Three different simulated day/night warming treatments were included in the experiment: 1) warming of 2 ℃ above ambient temperature at daytime;2) warming of 2 ℃ at nighttime;3) warming of 2 ℃ at both day-and nighttime.Seedlings exposed to ambient temperatures without warming were used as the control treatment.In three seasons,the net photosynthetic rate(Anet) and the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Amax) in all three warming treatments were higher than in the control,indicating that simulated warming could increase the photosynthetic ability ofS.chinensis.Simulated warming also increased the daily mean stomatal conductance(Gs) and the dark respiration rate(Rd),while it decreased the daily mean intercellular concentrations of CO2.In three different seasons,Anet and Amax ofS.chinensis seedlings subjected to daytime warming were the highest,indicating that S.chinensis seedlings with daytime warming had the highest photosynthetic ability.The apparent quantum yield,light saturation point,and relative chlorophyll content of S.chinensis seedlings subjected to daytime warming were significantly higher than plants in the other warming treatments and the control.Simulated warming significantly decreased the Fv/Fm value of S.chinensis seedlings.During the period from 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm,the Fv/Fm value of S.chinensis seedlings treated with daytime warming was the highest,followed by those treated with nighttime warming and all-day warming,with significant statistical differences among the treatments.In conclusion,the different warming treatments increased the photosynthetic ability of S.chinensis to different degrees.The maximum values of Anet and Amax of S.chinensis seedlings subjected to daytime warming suggested that the highest photosynthetic ability of S.chinensis seedlings occurred under daytime warming.This might be due to the increase in relative chlorophyll content,the enhancement of the light adaptation ability,and the lower levels of light stress in the leaves of S.chinensis seedlings under daytime warming.The results of this study suggested that warming conditions in the future will improve the photosynthetic physiological activity and promote the growth of S.chinensis,perhaps benefiting this endangered species.


An inverse kinematic analysis addresses the problem of computing the sequence of joint motion from the Cartesian motion of an interested member, most often the end effector. Although the rates and accelerations are related linearly through the Jacobian, the positions go through a highly nonlinear transformation from one space to another. Hence, the closed-form solution has been obtained only for rather simple manipulator configurations where joints intersect or where consecutive axes are parallel or perpendicular. For the case of redundant manipulators, the number of joint variables generally exceeds that of the constraints, so that in this case the problem is further complicated due to an infinite number of solutions. Previous approaches have been directed to minimize a criterion function, taking into account additional constraints, which often implies a time-consuming optimization process. In this article, a different approach is taken to these problems. A Newton-Raphson numerical procedure has been developed based on a composite Jacobian which now includes rows for all members under constraint. This procedure may be applied to solve the inverse kinematic problem for a manipulator of any mechanical configuration without having to derive beforehand a closed-form solution. The technique is applicable to redundant manipulators since additional constraints on other members as well as on the end effector may be imposed. Finally, this approach has been applied to a seven degree-of-freedom manipulator, and its ability to avoid obstacles is demonstrated.


Lipid peroxides and their related free radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction in preeclampsia. Recent studies suggest that the placenta is a source of the increased lipid peroxides in the maternal circulation of women with preeclampsia. We examined intracellular localization of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (HNE: a major aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation)‐modified proteins in human placentas by immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. The trophoblast layer of the chorionic villi showed intense immunoreactivity for HNE‐modified proteins in 4 of 12 preeclamptic placentas, whereas no staining was observed in 12 normal placentas. Immunoblotting revealed that three immunoreactive proteins with apparent molecular mass of 110 kDa, 75 kDa, and 70 kDa were localized in the mitochondrial fraction. The present results indicate that the damage to mitochondrial proteins by lipid peroxidation byproducts and subsequent dysfunction of trophoblasts contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.


The wind power fluctuations smoothing issues in an actual industrial microgrid are investigated in this paper. The electrolytic aluminum load (EAL) owns great potentials on providing regulation capacity. Based on that, the detailed control method of ELAs and the source-load coordinated control model for smoothing wind power fluctuations are discussed in the paper. By using model predictive control (MPC) method, the source-load coordinated controller is designed after considering the regulating ratio of thermal generators and EALs. The proposed coordinated control strategy is validated to be effective via the numerical simulation. The results reveal the positive dynamic performance on smoothing wind power fluctuations by applying the proposed source-load coordinated controller.


Disclosed is a circuit board comprising first and second circuit substrates arranged separate from each other and respectively provided with a first and second conductor pad, and a connection substrate having first and second conductor posts respectively projecting from one side or the other side. The connection substrate is so arranged as to cover a part of the first and second circuit substrates, thereby bridging the first and second circuit substrates. The first conductor post and the first conductor pad, as well as the second conductor post and the second conductor pad are arranged opposite to each other respectively. In addition, the connection substrate has connecting portions which are formed by melting a metal coating layer formed in advance on the surface of at least one of the first conductor post and the first conductor pad, as well as on the surface of at least one of the second conductor post and the second conductor pad. In this circuit board, the first and second circuit substrates are electrically connected with the connection substrate through the connecting portions. ® KIPO & WIPO 2009


Bladder cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and the eighth most common in women in the United States. While clinicians who diagnose and treat the disease recognize that bladder cancer has a unique demographic profile, the influence of such factors as age, gender and race on incidence, prognosis, and survival of patients is poorly understood, and has not been the subject of intense investigation. Both through analysis of the population-based databases of bladder cancer in the United States and Europe, as well as epidemiological studies, some of the effects of gender, race and age on this disease have begun to be explained. In this manuscript we review the current literature and epidemiological studies on the affects of gender, race and age on incidence and mortality of bladder cancer. © 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


1. In ovariectomized rats pre‐treated with oestrogen and progesterone, the intensity of the catecholamine fluorescence was determined by micro‐fluorimetry in the cell bodies of the tubero‐infundibular dopamine neurones (situated in the arcuate and periventricular hypothalamic nuclei). The concentrations of follicle‐stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum and pituitary were estimated by bio‐assay.


The original project scope that was established in 2007 aimed to install a 1,700 meter (1.1 mile) medium voltage HTS Triax{TM} cable system into the utility grid in New Orleans, LA. In 2010, however, the utility partner withdrew from the project, so the 1,700 meter cable installation was cancelled and the scope of work was reduced. The work then concentrated on the specific barriers to commercialization of HTS cable technology. The modified scope included long-length HTS cable design and testing, high voltage factory test development, optimized cooling system development, and HTS cable life-cycle analysis. In 2012, Southwire again analyzed the market for HTS cables and deemed the near term market acceptance to be low. The scope of work was further reduced to the completion of tasks already started and to testing of the existing HTS cable system in Columbus, OH. The work completed under the project included: • Long-length cable modeling and analysis • HTS wire evaluation and testing • Cable testing for AC losses • Optimized cooling system design • Life cycle testing of the HTS cable in Columbus, OH • Project management. The 200 meter long HTS Triax{TM} cable in Columbus, OH was incorporated into the project undermore » the initial scope changes as a test bed for life cycle testing as well as the site for an optimized HTS cable cooling system. The Columbus cable utilizes the HTS TriaxTM design, so it provided an economical tool for these of the project tasks.« less


An Introduction to Pentecostalism: Global Charismatic Christianity By Allan Anderson Cambridge, England: Cambridge Universify Press 2004. xiii, 302 pp.. paper. $23.99 Reviewed by Peter A. Huff By most accounts, Pentecostalism is the fastest growing Christian movement in the world today. One estimate places the current Pentecostal and charismatic population at 500 million a fourth of the planet's entire Christian community. Much of this growth has occurred since Walter Hollenweger, Robert Anderson, Vinson Synan, and a handful of other pioneers established the field of Pentecostalism studies in the 1970s. This book, written by a "sympathetic yet critical insider" (xii), provides an engaging introduction to the international Pentecostal experience. Drawing from extensive field research and the most recent critical literature, it advances contemporary Pentecostalism scholarship by taking seriously the impressive internal diversity and the full global sweep of this "new reformation of the church" (15). Anderson treats Pentecostalism as both historical force and intellectual tradition. His historical analysis traces the development of three variants of modern Christianity: classical Pentecostalism, charismatic renewal movements in non-Pentecostal denominations, and independent Christian movements emphasizing supernaturalism and evangelistic zeal. Anderson challenges the myth of Pentecostalism's North American origins, documenting Pentecostal impulses in Third World contexts that paralleled or predated the 1906-09 Azusa Street Revival in Los Angeles. His call to "rectify the historiographical imperialism and ethnocentrism" (183) in Pentecostal studies intersects with other efforts to eliminate Western bias from the study of global Christianity. His critique of "missionary paternalism" (176) invites reexamination of the relationship between U.S. Pentecostals and their coreligionists around the world. The same concern to highlight the multicultural character of the Pentecostal heritage is evident in the book's exploration of Pentecostal and charismatic theological themes. Chapters concentrate on pneumatology, evangelism, eschatology, and Pentecostal reflections on religion's role in society. Anderson skillfully guides the reader through intra-Pentecostal debates on tongues speaking and issues of race, class, and gender. His insights into the ecumenical significance of the Pentecostal tradition and his portrayal of Pentecostalism as a flawed but prophetic theology of liberation expand conventional academic profiles of Pentecostal spirituality. He gives relatively no attention to questions of Pentecostal ecclesiology. Anderson's prose is clear, and his commitment to the evidence informs the argument on every page. His is simply the best scholarly introduction to world Pentecostalism on the market today. Church leaders, specialists, advanced undergraduates, and graduate students in missiology and church history will benefit from this penetrating study.


In this paper,two classes of linear boundary value problems for 3-regular functions in Clifford analysis are discussed.Firstly,by means of contract mapping theorem and the method of integral equation,the integral representation of the solution to the above problem A is obtained,and then we give another solution to the boundary value problem A′.


The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the daily excretion of cortisol (free and bound), 17-keto steroids and the state of hemodynamics in young hockey players of 11-15 years taking into account the stages of puberty, as well as their comparative characteristics with performance in control class boys engaged in physical culture in the volume of the comprehensive school. It is shown that at the I-IV stages of puberty observed consistently high urinary free cortisol, was significantly higher than in the control class boys, and from IV to V stage - simultaneous and significant decrease in all studied parameters of the functional state of the adrenal cortex was noted. The I and II stage of the puberty in athletes are characterized by maximum values of the heart rate, cardiac output, and diastolic blood pressure values, and their subsequent reduction to stage III, in this case from IV to V stage of puberty there is a significant increase in peripheral vascular resistance. In contrast, in children who are not involved in sports, pubertal changes in the state of hemodynamics have opposite directions. Thus the adaptive responses of the physiological systems in young athletes prevail over evolutionary processes associated with the puberty.


The design of satellites is a labor-intensive, costly, and time consuming process. It is highly multi-disciplinary, involving several diverse and interdependent subsystems all critical to mission success. In the typical approach, subsystem experts gather and flesh out design concepts over the timescale of weeks, melding analyses from multiple heterogeneous modeling tools and iterating until a sound design is settled upon. However, due to the need for collocation, the incongruity of design information from disparate tools and the inefficiencies inherent in the iterative process, this process remains expensive, errorprone and slow. Technology that can automate and optimize the spacecraft design process to lower costs while maintaining reliability has been identified as one potential solution. However, due to the prohibitively expansive searchable space implied in spacecraft design, most tools of this kind can consider only a very limited subset of design variables and can be unreliable, inefficient and prone to generating unrealistic or suboptimal designs. The Systems Platform for Integrated Design in Realtime (SPIDR), a project underway at USC's Information Sciences Institute and Space Engineering Research Center (SERC), presents a unique approach to this problem. SPIDR's search and optimization engine utilizes innovative applications of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to quickly generate provably optimal results. The application of AI planning techniques enables consideration of the entire design space by starting search from a high-level problem specification, while constraint propagation offers an analog to the concept of iteration, where all variables are defined as interval domains and shrunk according to rules and constraints until provably optimal single point solutions are discovered. With a unique architecture that utilizes a knowledge-based information system, a powerful combination of mathematical approach and optimization algorithm, and the inclusion of socio-technical factors specific to spacecraft development, SPIDR demonstrates the potential to be a valuable addition to the toolkits of engineers in both industry and academia.


: Robustness of terrestrial cellular wireless networks becomes challenging in times of disasters such as earthquakes. This paper studies the deployment of multiple Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) above the earth's surface to provide ubiquitous connectivity to under-laid users on earth. We provide an analytical framework using tools from stochastic geometry to model the UAV-user equipment (UE) network. We specifically model the UAVs in a finite three dimensional (3-D) space with their associated UEs as the marks on a two dimensional (2-D) earth surface. Tractable expressions for the UE's received signal strength and signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) are derived in Nakagami fading environments. A new paradigm in the study of UAV cellular communication is also developed in this work with a multi-agent learning technique. With this technique, the UAVs learn from each other by communicating, as well as interacting with their environment to provide optimal coverage. Our numerical results show that our method drastically reduces the interference from adjacent UAVs leading to improved coverage in terms of SINR values. Also, the results show that, UAV deployed wireless network provides better coverage compared to conventional terrestrial base station (BS) deployment.


CLINICALCHEMISTRY, Vol. 31, No. 7, 1985 1247 added known amounts (1.25 and 3.1 ig/L) of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in serum from normal persons were 99 and 97%, respectively. In addition, we analyzed sera from 20 healthy men and 20 healthy women (the women sampled both at the follicular and luteal phase), to establish the normal reference interval. The mean values for men and women in the follicular phase were 1.05 (SD 0.34) gfL and 0.47 (SD 0.17) gIL, respectively. Both of these values were consistent with those previously found by use of specific antibodies and column-chromatographic separation (4), but values for samples taken during the luteal phase were much higher [mean 3.14 (SD, 0.72) as compared with mean 1.52 (SD, 0.57) jg/L] (4). The probable reason for this discrepancy seemed to us to be a significant cross reactivity of antibody with progesterone, because progesterone concentrations increase markedly during the luteal phase (peak progesterone, 3 to 36 ug/L) as compared with the follicular phase (0.2 to 0.9 g/L). We did the following experiments to examine this possibility. We added known amounts of progesterone (the progesterone standard from the Pantex progesterone kit) to serum from a normal man, in which no 17-hydroxyprogesterone was detectable. The concentrations of added progesterone were within the range expected for serum from women in the luteal phase: 12.5 and 25 g/L. Analytical recovery of progesterone was 9.6 and 7%, respectively. The cross reactivity of antibody to progesterone was further studied by determining the concentrations of progesterone required to displace 50% of labeled 17-hydroxyprogesterone from the Pantex antisera. The cross reactivity was found to be approximately 20% and was about 15% when we tested progesterone standards from Pantex. These data suggest progesterone cross reactivity as the possible cause for the apparent increase in 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations during the luteal phase, and that this antibody thus is unsatisfactory for the measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone unless it is chromatographically separated from progesterone. We also tested antisera to 17-hydroxyprogesterone from Radioassay Systems Laboratories, Inc. (RSL, Carson, CA) for possible cross reaction with progesterone and found <1% cross reactivity. Our cross reactivity data with both of these antibodiesi.e., Pantex and RSL-are shown in Figure 1. We analyzed the same samples from 20 normal men and (follicular and luteal phase) women by the RSL procedure. The mean concentrations were 0.98 (SD, 0.32) g/L for men and 0.48 (SD, 0.19) and 1.94 (SD, 0.5) zg/L for women at follicular and luteal phase, respectively, which seems closely to match values reported earlier.


Capillary electrophoresis has been used in the analysis of peptides for decades, however traditional methods show excessive variability due to composition and sequence of the peptide, and variation in the interaction of the peptide with the separation medium. Multi-pixel detection along with the associated data analysis software improves reproducibility and sensitivity beyond current methods using UV absorption detection. The reproducibility of the data and the sensitivity of this 'no-label' multi-pixel detection approach are investigated using a mixture of known peptides. In the near future this will enable peptide mass finger printing based on the ability to assign molecular weight values to the peptides separated by charge.


A Discharge phenomenon is one of the technological problems in fusion devices. Particularly, since the breakdown in a feeding circuit of a high power for wave heating of plasmas limits the available high frequency power, some knowledge of the discharges would be essential to design the feeder system. General explanation for high frequency discharges with and without magnetic fields is summarized mainly in vacuum, including atmospheric and low pressure gases.


Farmers in the developed world tend to over-apply fertilizer, and we explore a model for decision-making under uncertainty in yields. This article proposes an agro-economic model for farmer decision-making based on subjective expected yield and crop response to fertilization. The model explores subjective yield probability distributions that are both better suited to subjective crop yields than the previously proposed probability distribution and is easier to extract from farmers. The model allows the analysis of the impact of changes in fertilizer price and variance of expected yields. The model result is consistent with observed farmer behavior based on the rule of "fertilizing for the good years" that appears, according to our model, as rational and consistent with expected profit maximization under yield uncertainty since the cost of over-application is lower than that of the opportunity cost of under-application. The goal of increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use requires both technical innovation and an expansion of the knowledge on the socioeconomic factors underlying excessive crop fertilization that must be improved both to meet future food demands and to prevent environmental degradation and climate change.


The availability of microcomputers has done little to give a musician or acoustic researcher of modest means access to computer‐assisted sound generation. To help remedy this situation, our work has resulted in an integrated digital sound synthesis system using a popular microcomputer and commercially available plug‐in synthesizer, all for less then $4000. One software package for music generation and another for psychoacoustic research viii be described. For music, the program VERSATRACS allows versatile manipulation of sound in real time or artificial time. Musical note entry is from a piano‐style keyboard. All notes and parameter modifications are held in memory for subsequent playback, editing, and permanent storage on floppy disk. For psychoacoustics, the program AUDIO EDITOR uses frequency‐vs‐time and amplitude‐vs‐time histories to control independently each of 16 available digital oscillators. A novel time window representation provides powerful editing features. Sound samples of music and research...


We address device-to-device (D2D) communication as a potential resource reuse technique underlaying the cellular network. We consider the shared channel of the two systems as an interference channel and formulate the statistics of the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of all users. The potential performance of D2D communication is evaluated by considering a scenario where only limited interference coordination between the cellular and the D2D communication is possible. We apply a simple power control method to the D2D communication which constrains the SINR degradation of the cellular link to a certain level. Results show that the SINR statistics of the D2D users is comparable to that of the cellular user in most of the cell area. Scheduling gain is possible by properly assigning either of the downlink (DL) or the uplink (UL) resources to the D2D communication.


PLISCHKE, ELMER, with the assistance of H. J. HILLE. History of the Allied High Commission for Germany, Its Establishment, Structure, and Procedures. Research Project No. 107 of the Allied High Commission for Germany. Pp. v, 122. Published: Office of the U. S. High Commission for Germany, APO 757-A, c/o PM, NYC, 1951. No Price. The development of Germany's political structure has been in a state of constant flux since 1945, particularly in relation to the various'forms and phases of Allied military government. The student of contemporary German government and politics finds it none too easy to locate the essential facts and documents, and depends, to a large extent, on the publications of Allied authorities in Germany for basic orientation. Plischke's History of the Allied High Commission for Germany is the first of a series of studies written under the auspices of the Historical Division of the Office of the United States High Commissioner for Germany, and future studies will deal with the revision of the Occupation Statute, the relations between the Allied High Commission and the German federal government, and similar subjects. The first chapter provides the background of the establishment of the Allied High Commission, starting out with the London Deputy Foreign Ministers' Conference (February 23 to June 2, 1948) and ending with the Foreign Ministers' Conferences of Washington (April 1949) and Paris (May 23 to June 20, 1949). The record of these conferences shows that the


David Neeleman, founder of JetBlue, is forced to confront a crisis in customer confidence following operational difficulties on February 14, 2007. This becomes a vital test of his leadership.


West of Harlem: African American Writers and the Borderlands . Culture America Series. By Emily Lutenski. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2015. xii + 332 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $37.50.)

In West of Harlem , Emily Lutenski argues that although "African American presence" is often "forgotten in the American historical memory," African American literature and the American West have always been mutually constitutive cultural, material, and symbolic sites (p. 7). Opening with a productive juxtaposition of two speeches delivered within a month of one another at the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago—Frederick Jackson Turner's "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" and Frederick Douglass's speech on the fair's "Colored American Day"—Lutenski works in the conceptual space opened between the two, identifying the damaging effects wrought by the … jneary{at}hunter.cuny.edu


In this study, active power reactive power and voltage control on the load bus of the power system which is supplied by a wind farm is aimed. This control methot was realized by using Thyristor Controller Series Compansator (TCSC) and Static Senkron Series compansator (SSSC) from devices Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS). The model on the system was done with matlab simulink. During the time with and without TCSC and SSSC, graphics showing voltage values of active power reactive power and voltage on the load bus were commented. Besides oscillation damping and time response on different loads of TCSC and SSSC were investigated and presented in tables. The system which was moedelled as a testing system stability improvements were supplied due to the use of FACTS devices.


A cluster controlling devices of a plurality of the same kind on the basis of the interlock signal. A substrate processing system 10, if the most PC100 and predetermined interlock condition is satisfied and outputs a serial signal for controlling the PM, has a safety PLC300 outputting an interlock signal. The PM of the substrate processing system 10, a plurality of APC valve of the same type are provided, as is a plurality of APC valve operates in conjunction with or unsynchronized with one another, one of the state of the interlocking or non-interlocking for each device It is selected. Safety PLC300, when it is determined to have been met given interlock condition, and outputs an interlock signal indicating abnormality. If any of the plurality of the APC valve enters the interlock signal, all of the APC valve, regardless of either interlocking or non-interlocking, operates in conjunction in accordance with an instruction of the interlock signal. .FIELD 4


Efforts to restore forests for ecological and economic benefit in Hawaii are converging on koa (Acacia koa), an endemic dominant or codominant canopy tree common across broad elevation and moisture gradients. We quantified plant species composition and forest structure in koa reforestation areas (KRAs) and in nearby intact native forest on Hawaii Island. Total species richness and percentage native species richness were lower in the plantation forests than in the intact forests, although species richness in the KRAs at one site was not significantly different from that in intact forest. Tree, sapling, and seedling densities differed between KRAs and forest sites at one site. At another, the native forest and one KRA had similar tree and seedling densities and similar canopy height and percentage canopy cover. Total stand basal area was greatest in the intact forest at both sites, although the basal area for the KRAs at one site exceeded those for intact forest at the other. Koa plantings can be structurally similar to intact forests though species composition differs. Our results suggest that koa forestry can facilitate native understorey development in some cases.


We thank Drs. AL-Shaikh and Wszolek for their helpful comments on our recently published article, and we agree with their remarks. The additional still unpublished information presented by ALShaikh and Wszolek shows the ethnic diversity of the Mayo Clinic Florida cohort of more than 150 spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) cases, which provides a relevant contribution to further understanding the great diversity of the SCAs in the Americas. The authors also add another 2 of their own unpublished cases of SCA3 originally from Guyana and Jamaica. Finally, they highlight the existence of a previously published Canadian case of SCA2 missed in our literature review. Once again, we thank AL-Shaikh and Wszolek for their helpful contribution to our endeavor to shed light on the study of the geographic diversity of SCA in the Americas.


In the present work, we study the influence of both thermal and chemical relaxation phenomena on steady Mach reflections. To characterize the dependency of the scales of the phenomenon upon the relaxation we develop a quasi-one-dimensional model for a nonequilibrium diatomic gas coupled with the three shock theory. The results show that Mach reflections are strongly affected by vibrational relaxation and to a lesser extent by chemical excitation. The Mach stem height and its location, and the extent of the subsonic pocket are found to depend both on the geometrical setup and on the relaxation length, and do not scale linearly with the geometrical size as found in the ideal case. In addition, the relaxation is found to cause a forward displacement of the Mach stem thus counteracting Mach reflection instabilities. The nonlinearity has also been confirmed by a perturbation analysis of the equations for small Damkohler numbers.


Post-Silicon system margin validation consumes a significant amount of time and resources. To overcome this, a reduced validation plan for derivative products has previously been used. However, a certain amount of validation is still needed to avoid escapes, which is prone to subjective bias by the validation engineer comparing a reduced set of derivative validation data against the base product data. Machine Learning techniques allow to perform automatic decisions based on already available historical data. In this work, we present an efficient methodology implemented with Machine Learning to make an automatic risk assessment decision for derivative products, considering a large set of parameters obtained from the base product. The proposed methodology yields a high performance on the risk assessment decision, which translates into a significant reduction in time, effort, and resources.


The purge and trap/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to determine chloral in water.The method has many advantages such as wide linear range,high precision,accuracy and sensitivity.The minimum detection limit can reach 0.05 μg/L,the water sample determination is simple and rapid,and the result is satisfactory.


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate activation pattern of neck muscles in patients with chronic neck pain of nontraumatic origin during static tasks. Materials and methods: Fifteen normal subjects were taken in group A and 15 patients with chronic neck pain of nontraumatic origin were taken in group B. Electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene, levator scapulae and upper trapezius muscles. Percentage maximum voluntary isometric contraction were calculated during static tasks, which included shoulder abduction to 90° and hold, shrug and hold, craniocervical flexion and hold. Results: There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference found in activation pattern of neck muscles when we compared right and left sides within groups A and B. But when we compared between groups, group B showed a significant (p < 0.05) increased activation pattern in anterior scalene, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius compared to normal subject's neck muscles except levator scapulae which shows no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: It is concluded from the study that, in patient of nontraumatic origin of chronic neck pain, all the patients showed a significant increased level of EMG activity in neck muscles during performance of static activities as compared to asymptomatic controls.


This paper introduces the optimization approach of a 2 × 300MW unit control system.The dynamic and steady state problems of the coordination control system with direct energy balance are solved.And the stability of the system is improved.


Purpose : We evaluated the morphohistologic features of acetabular labral tear to confirm the cause of age-related hip pain in the adult hip. Materials and Methods : Sixty-two acetabular labrums were examined during hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture. We recorded the incidence, location, degree and morphology of the labral lesion. Twenty-five torn labrum specimens were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) and protein S-100 and Factor VIII antigen were examined immunohistochemically. Results : Among 53 cases with labral lesions, 88% of the hips (47 cases) were in patients older than 60 years, and 86.8% of the lesions were located in the anterior quadrant of the acetabulum. Torn labrums showed mainly degenerative change with collagen separation and myxoid change by H&E staining. Nerve fibers and nerve endings were rarely observed in the labral substance but were frequently observed in the adjacent synovium by immunohistochemistry for S-100. Microvessels were increased around labral lesions but did not invade into the deep labral substance at torn labrums in Factor VIII antigen staining. Conclusion : Acetabular labral lesion was common in the aging hip. Hip pain due to a labral lesion may be associated with inflammation of the adjacent synovium due to mechanical irritation.


A new linear predictive method is presented in this study. The method, Linear Prediction with Linear Extrapolation (LPLE), reformulates the computation of linear prediction by combining the preceding values of sample x(n) into consecutive sample pairs (i.e., x(n-2i), x(n-2i+1)). Each of these pairs determines a regression line the value of which at time instant n is used as a data sample in the prediction. The optimal LPLE-predictor is obtained by minimizing the square of the prediction error using the autocorrelation method. The rationale for the new method is the fact that LPLE yields an all-pole filter of order 2 p when the number of unknowns in the normal equations equals p . Therefore the new all-pole modeling method can be used in speech coding applications. Preliminary experiments of the present study show that LPLE is able to model speech spectra more accurately in comparison to conventional linear prediction in the case when a very small number of prediction parameters is required to be used in order to greatly compress the spectral information of speech signals.


The YBa2Cu3Oσ superconductor was obtained by solid-state reaction through thermal treatments without the need to use a controlled atmosphere composed of inert or reactive gas. To obtain the superconducting phases, oxygenation treatments were carried out, with the incorporation of oxygen from the open air atmosphere to the sample in periods of 6 hours. Through X-ray diffraction characterization, the YBa2Cu3Oσ superconducting phases were identified with [σ = 6.87, 6.89 and 6.9] in the sample. there was no presence of non-superconducting phases, nor elements not corresponding to stoichiometry. This was confirmed through Raman spectroscopy and SEM-EDS. The Meissner effect test was performed on the sample, allowing magnetic levitation to be observed, confirming the obtaining of the superconductor.


A new construction of the estrane ring system was achieved by intramolecular double Michael reaction of the α,β-unsaturated enone ester (5).


This paper presents a selective historical perspective of fission re- search over the last thirty-five years while Ray Nix has made central contribu- tions to the field. The emphasis is placed on early studies of the shell stabilized secondary minimum in the static fission barrier and on the dynamic properties of fission of hot nuclei, which have recently been the focus of intense study.


In this work, we analyze the concept of quantum bridge using Non-Maximally Entangled (NME) states. We propose two schemes for the quantum teleportation of an unknown qubit using an NME channel as a...


Consistence problems are investigated for heterogeneous multi-agent systems composed of firstorder agents and second-order agents.Consistent convergence for the heterogeneous multi-agent systems is studied with stationary consistence algorithm without time delay,and the sufficient and necessary consistence condition under fixed directed topology is derived by using graph theory and matrix analysis method.With interconnection topology switched between connected digraphs,stationary consistence problem is analyzed for the heterogeneous multi-agent systems under leader-following network and leaderless network,respectively, and sufficient delay-dependent consistence conditions are obtained for the multiple agents under stationary consistence algorithms with time-varying input delay by using Lyapunov stability theorem and linear matrix inequality.Finally,simulations are presented to demonstrate the correctness of the results.


The literature on the psychotherapeutic practices reveals a high level of discord. On one hand there is a clamor for evidence-based research and on the other hand there are many serious criticisms about the nature of empirical research on the therapeutic practices. On one side there are the logical rules for conducting allegedly sound research and on the other hand there are the experiences of therapeutic practitioners which seem to be at odds with the accepted rules. It is suggested that this chasm can be bridged by phenomenological research strategies that are experientially congruent and based upon the discovery of lived meanings derived from the concrete descriptions of the participants, whether therapists or clients. As I embarked on my studies in psychology, I was frustrated by my experience which could be simplistically summarized by "but it's not like that". All the theories I read in the textbooks held together beautifully as long as they remained on the page but the minute I tried to take them into "life" and tried to use them in order to understand myself or to understand others around me and our relationship to one another, the beautiful logic of the theory would collapse to one degree or another with me saying to myself "but it doesn't work that way". This frustration continued all through graduate school and, I think culminated in the literature review for my dissertation. From the very beginning of my education I experienced a gap between what I was being taught about psychology, and life as I experienced it. When I started my literature review about the therapeutic process I then also came face to face with the gap between clinical practice "the way it really works", and the research results that are supposed to inform this clinical practice. There was an overwhelming amount of research on the topic but almost every article I read complained about the general lack of relevance of research findings to clinical praxis. Some complaints concerned the lack of ecological validity. Research is being conducted under circumstances that are too different from the way therapy is being practiced, dealing with issues in ways that are too simplistic and approaching clients in reductionistic ways. Throughout the literature there was a sense of crisis. First, a sense that research is not sufficiently relevant to 120 Application of Descriptive Phenomenological Research Method to the Field of Clinical Practice Les Collectifs du Cirp Volume 1 (édition spéciale), pp. 119-129. © 2010 – Cirp (Cercle interdisciplinaire de recherches phénoménologiques) ISBN 978-0-9866654-1-7 practitioners for them to even read the literature and secondly, a frustration over the lack of influence research was having on clinical training and the education of psychologists and, thirdly, a sense of urgency to show some clear and positive results in order to justify therapy, an urgency fueled by new economic and political pressures from managed care and third party payers. The literature was full of calls for new and different approaches to doing clinical research in order to overcome these issues. Some called for small variations, tweaking our methods a little and others were calling for a fundamental and radical paradigm shift. The objections contained in the literature, and their sources, are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 lists the types of objections being made about clinical research strategies, and Table 2 specifies the type of complaints being voiced concerning the lack of relevance of therapeutic research for therapeutic practice in general. I shall not dwell on these objections because most experienced clinicians are well aware of them, and besides, I want to concentrate on a key positive aspect that the phenomenological approach can bring to these issues. The key inference to be drawn from these two tables is that research into the therapeutic process is problematic, and because of this problematic status, this subfield of psychology should be open to novel strategies of research.


ABSTRACT Stiffened metal fan casing was extensively utilised for containment system in fan blade out events. In this paper, ballistic impact tests were carried out on aluminium alloy plate with different types of stiffener. The ballistic limits and energy absorption of each type plate were determined and compared. The transformation of damage mechanism and failure modes of stiffened plate were also addressed. It is concluded that the failure modes of flat plate and stiffened plates are mainly petaling failure, and the shear plugging failure becomes evident with the increase of impact velocity. The ballistic limit of stiffened plate increase 25% higher than the flat plate and the critical impact energy is lifted by 56.3%–62.5% correspondingly with only 8.9% weight increment. There are very small differences of ballistic limit between different types of stiffened plates. The existence of the stiffened bar alters the failure modes and the cracking propagation direction decreases the deflection of target under impact, and further restricts the cracking propagation along the longitudinal direction. For L-type stiffened plate and T-type stiffened plate, the failure modes are dominated by ripping and petaling failure, while the shear plugging failure mode is more obvious for I-type stiffened plate.


Abstract Pongamia pinnata (L.) and its various parts have been used as a traditional medicine in the treatment and prevention of several kinds of ailments such as piles, skin diseases, and wounds. This study reports in vivo effects of P. pinnata on glucose, lipid and liver in diabetic rats and its possible action mechanism. Stem bark extract of P. Pinnata was prepared using the soxhlet apparatus. Experimental induction of diabetes was carried out by giving a single dose of alloxan monohydrate. Plant extracts treatment was started on the 7th day of the alloxan treatment (i.e. Day 1) as a single dose in the morning and was continued for 3 months with respective groups. Blood was collected from the retro-orbital plexus at specific periodic intervals for three months for the purpose of biochemical investigation. In diabetic rats (DC), the Serum BSF, AST, ALT, TG, TC levels were significantly increased in correlation with Normal control (NC). Treatment with PPAlcExt produced significant reduction in levels of TG (76.06 mg/dl) as compared to DC (200.63 mg/dl), TC (54.6 mg/dl) as compared to DC (89.7 mg/dl), AST (293.28 U/L) as compared to DC (564.09 U/L), and ALT (74.5 U/L) as compared to DC (238.0 U/L). Treatment with PPAqExt and PPAlcExt showed remarkable recovery on all the parameters, while a highly significant reduction was achieved with PPAlcExt treatment. The results proved that hydroalcoholic bioactive phytochemical constituents from plants can be a good alternative to synthetic drugs, and can constitute a potentially novel approach for the treatment of diabetes.


elements. The label "neo-tonal" or "centric" is often applied to such works, which include music by Britten, Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Stravinsky during his neoclassical period, and others. Zimmerman (2002) and Silberman (2006) point out that readings of neo-tonal music often combine techniques of both tonal and post-tonal analysis, an approach that opens the question of precisely which elements of the tonal idiom are applicable to the work under discussion. (1) Such readings also raise a related question of whether a single mode of analysis can apply to an entire composition, or whether we must jettison the assumption of stylistic unity and find the best possible method for each individual section. (2) Aaron Copland's Quiet City (1940) raises similar questions for analysts. The work has a consonant musical surface yet often strips away many markers of common-practice tonality. This paper offers a hearing of Quiet City that is oriented toward two of its most salient features: Volume 17, Number 2, July 2011 Copyright © 2011 Society for Music Theory


It is considered statements of a problem of decision-making at the task of criteria of efficiency of functioning of object and parametres of a problem in the conditions of uncertainty in the form of indistinct variables. Are defined a variant of multiattribute decision-making.


Cancer death rates fell by about 2.1% per year from 2002 to 2004, compared with a 1.1% per year decline from 1993 though 2002, according to annual report to the nation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Cancer Society, the National Cancer Institute, and the North american Association of Central Cancer Registries.


This study aims to determine the improvement of the quality of vocational school teachers through the application of academic supervision. In order to determine the success of the implementation of school supervision, this research was carried out using qualitative research methods located at SMKN 4 Bengkulu City. The number of research respondents was 64 teachers spread over the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) expertise program, Automotive and Maritime Engineering. Supervision results show that the achievement of content standard mapping is 100%, indicator development is 100%, syllabus development is 100%, lesson plans are prepared 90%, KKM document is 100%, learning media use is 100%, application learning methods is 75%, use learning resources is 100%, 100% use and assessment techniques, 100% learning outcomes analysis, 75% ICT utilization and 80% learning completeness analysis. The results of the teacher competency assessment ranged from 71.70. The conclusion of this research is that the implementation of learning administration by the teachers of SMKN 4 Bengkulu City is quite good and the average value of the teacher's performance is also quite good.

Keywords: School action research, supervision and vocational school


Stereoselective conversion of l-abietic acid (1) to d-phyllocladene (16) was achieved by the use of two carbon units of the isopropyl group in 1 for the formation of its D-ring. Catalytic hydrogenation of methyl 13-methoxycarbonylmethyl-7-oxopodocarpa-8, 11, 13-trien-15-oate (2), derived from 1, over ruthenium oxide, followed by oxidation, gave stereoselectively methyl 13β-methoxycarbonylmethyl-7-oxopodocarpan-15-oate (4), without loss of the 7-oxygen function. Although attempts of cyclization reaction of methyl 7-hydroxy-13β-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-podocarpan-15-oate (6) to methyl 15-hydroxy-7-oxo-17-norphyllocladan-18-oate (7) were fruitless, the formation of the D-ring from methyl 13β-carboxymethyl-7-oxopodocarpan-15-oate (5) was accomplished by polyphosphoric acid-AcOH treatment to give methyl 7, 15-dioxo-17-norphyllocladan-18-oate (9) in high yield. Selective removal of the 7-oxygen function of 9, via monothioketalization, yielded methyl 15-oxo-17-norphyllocladan-18-oate (11), which was further converted to methyl 17-norphylloclad-15-en-18-oate (14). Hydroboration of 14, followed by oxidation, gave methyl 16-oxo-17-norphyllocladan-18-oate (15) accompanied with 11.


Smart grid is a promising power infrastructure that is integrated with communication and information technologies. Nevertheless, privacy and security concerns arise simultaneously. Failure to address these issues will hinder the modernization of the existing power system. After critically reviewing the current status of smart grid deployment and its key cyber security concerns, the authors argue that accountability mechanisms should be involved in smart grid designs. We design two separate accountable communication protocols using the proposed architecture with certain reasonable assumptions under both home area network and neighborhood area network. Analysis and simulation results indicate that the design works well, and it may cause all power loads to become accountable.


Abstract : An archaeological survey was carried out at Hunter Army Airfield in order to determine at what times and in what ways earlier cultures used this area. Nine sites were located. The earliest is a small campsite briefly occupied by Native Americans of the Deptford culture sometime between 500 B.C. and 700 A. D. A second Indian site is a shellfish gathering camp in the saltmarsh by the Little Ogeechee, occupied by people of the Savannah culture sometime between 1000 and 1400 A.D. Seven historic period sites, established between 1775 and 1850 and occupied for varying lengths of time, were also found. These appear to have been small, rural farmsteads, probably occupied by tenants rather than landowners. The Hunter area was sparsely settled until recent years due to poor drainage which discouraged both residential and agricultural uses of the land. More extensive archaeological research was carried out at one historic site which was threatened by the planned widening of White Bluff Road. It was found that no important information will be lost and Construction can be allowed to proceed as planned.


In the last decades, designs of most incandescent sources have been realized by heating the whole device. Here we propose a novel approach consisting in taking advantage of hot nanoemitters that can be cooled in a few tens of nanoseconds. It offers a new opportunity for high speed modulation and for enhanced agility in the active control of polarization, direction and wavelength of emission. To compensate the weak thermal emission of isolated nanoemitters, we propose to insert them in some complex environments, such as e.g. the gap of cold nanoantenna, which allow a significant thermal emission enhancement of the hot nanovolume. In order to optimize this kind of device, a fully vectorial upper bound for the thermal emission of a hot nanoparticle in a cold environment is derived. This criterion is very general since it is equivalent to an absorption cross-section upper bound for the nanoparticle. Moreover, it is an intrinsic characteristic of the environment regardless of the nanoparticle, so it allows to decouple the design of the environment from the one of the hot nanovolume. It thus provides a good figure of merit to compare the ability of different systems to enhance thermal emission of hot nanoemitters.


With the increasing deployment of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) in the distribution system, DERs presents many challenges for smooth and stable operation of the grid. For the effective management of DERs extensive communication between different components of DER and distribution system is required. To standardize the communication methods and modeling of logical nodes required for Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) in DERs, data modeling of DERs is issued in IEC 61850-7-420 standard. This paper has contributed communication modeling of Green Energy Resources (GERs) and other DERs, modeling of messages exchanged among different IEDs with regard to their optimum structure & size and a Substation Communication Network (SCN) topology. End to End (ETE) time delay performance of the designed communication configuration architecture is presented using OPtimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET). The dynamic performance result in the SCN has demonstrated the successful communication configuration for integrating the DERs in distribution system.


The internal combustion engine (ICE) finds its place in the market with latest design modifications in various components to improve efficiency, economy and overall performance. However, one process has remained unchanged in the internal combustion engine development, I .e actuating the number of cylinders as per our power requirement of engine under various load conditions. This technique enables the provision that we can use power produced from the cylinders of the engine at the maximum level. For example let us consider a four stroke diesel engine with six cylinders on it. In the first gear of the engine all cylinders will be active ,but the power produced not used efficiently and the power produced from two cylinders will be enough to drive the load .Thus this type of actuating the cylinder will decrease the total fuel consumption and hence the efficiency is increased . This actuation is made by the transducer and solenoid valve that takes the control over fuel supply in a regulated manner.


We studied single Higgs boson production in γγ collisions proceeding via the hadronic content of the photon. For SM Higgs masses of current theoretical interest, the resolved photon contributions are non-negligible in precision cross section measurements. We found that production of the heavier Higgs bosons H0 and A0 of the MSSM can probe regions of the SUSY parameter space that will complement other measurements. Finally, we showed that associated tH± production in γγ collisions can be used to make an accurate determination of tan β for low and high tan β by precision measurements of the γγ → H±t + X cross section.


Analytical Chemistry is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Digital simulation of homogeneous chemical reactions coupled to heterogeneous electron transfer and applications at platinum/mica/platinum ultramicroband electrodes Theresa Varco. Shea, and Allen J. Bard Anal. Chem., 1987, 59 (17), 2101-2111 • DOI: 10.1021/ac00144a021 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on February 3, 2009


The inelastic electronic scattering of 84Kr at energies of 0.5–5 MeV and 131,132Xe ions at energies of 1–5 MeV is directly confirmed to play a role in the ion‐beam‐induced epitaxial crystallization (IBIEC) of amorphous Si layers on crystalline Si substrates at 310–450 °C. The crystallization rate per unit vacancy (normalized crystallization rate) created by the elastic nuclear scattering of the incident ion beam at the amorphous–crystalline (a/c) interface is increased 40%–50% by increasing the inelastic electronic scattering three‐ to fourfold while maintaining the same elastic nuclear scattering conditions at the a/c interface. This normalized crystallization rate also increases with the inelastic electronic scattering at the a/c interface. However, the percentage of increase falls to about 20% as the absolute value of the inelastic electronic energy loss at the a/c interface decreases to below about 20 keV/ion/(20 nm) or as the number of vacancies created at the a/c interface increases to more than 250...


The "Rio Seco" watershed includes the municipalities adjacent to the Magdalena River from the municipality of Girardot to Puerto Salgar, the main problem detected in the watershed is the shortage of water resources for human consumption, followed by the loss of natural coverage and the overuse of the soil, being very likely these last two problems, one of the major causes of the shortage of water resources. The main objective of the research is to carry out a systematic documentary and literature review related to the management of watershed, in order to design strategies for the conservation, improvement and use of water resources in the Rio Seco watershed.


The purpose of the planned DUO-Bus demonstrational operation is to demonstrate the operational capabilities of this new drive technology on a large scale once the test phase has been successfully concluded. The traffic and route planning for the DUO-Bus network in demonstration operation has been completed. This will make it possible to introduce a DUO-Bus system in five stages. For this, sixty-two 2-axle DUO-Buses will be required. As the procurement cost of the DUO-Buses is so high, it is in the interest of the Esslingen transit operators to consider purchasing articulated DUO-Buses. Preliminary planning results have shown that a maximum of 16 articulated buses could be put into service. In this case the above-mentioned figure for 2-axle DUO-Buses would be reduced accordingly. The only problem facing the DUO-Bus trial operation is that of vehicle procurement. The mains/battery version cannot be considered for demonstrational operation within the foreseeable future. This also applies to the current version of the mains/diesel bus with automatic transmission. In this area, further research must be carried out into the degree to which improvements can be effected by electronically controlled and more efficient automatic transmission with a possibly broader transformation function.


as a type of giftedness in the American government's definition of gifted and talented. Given this federal perspective, the construct is considered from a gifted point of view and then from a leadership frame of reference. In these two sections, selected concepts and research findings are reviewed. This is followed by a short section speculating on the implications of the marriage of these two areas of study on the identification and education of potential leaders in our schools. For the purpose of this paper leadership is regarded as


Abstract The model of the Earth's climate change described here is based on the Earth's global evolution theory and adiabatic theory of the greenhouse effect. The main factor determining climate's temperature parameters is the atmospheric pressure. Glaciations at the end of Paleozoic–Phanerozoic time occurred due to a gradual atmospheric pressure decline as a result of nitrogen consumption by the nitrogen-consuming bacteria that removed nitrogen from the atmosphere and concentrated it in sediments. A warm period in the second half of Mesozoic was associated with the formation of the Pangaea supercontinent and intensified oxygen generation, which compensated for the lowered nitrogen partial pressure.


This essay explores the relationship between spirituality and health for persons living with HIV (PLWH). In the last twenty years, since the advent of antiretroviral therapy, scholars have turned their focus to healthy living and aging with HIV. A growing literature is showing that there are various links between spirituality and health for this population. In the first chapter, I look at some of this literature and discuss various spiritual changes PLWH can undergo after their diagnosis, and the variety of ways they cope spiritually with their illness. In the second chapter, I propose that attachment theory could be a useful analytical framework for scholars to study PLWH's relationships with God. In the last chapter, I look at physicians' incorporation of spirituality in health care, and suggest some avenues for future research, particularly in the Canadian context, where research is currently lacking. I argue that, given the various links between spirituality and psychological and physical health for PLWH, the spiritual dimension of coping with HIV should not be ignored.


In this paper, we discuss a particular model arising from sinking of a rigid solid into a thin film of fluid, i.e. a fluid contained between two solid surfaces and part of the fluid surface is in contact with the air. The fluid is governed by Navier-Stokes equation, while the contact point, i.e. where the gas, liquid and solid meet, is assumed to be given by a constant, non-zero contact angle. We consider a scaling limit of the fluid thickness (lubrication approximation) and the contact angle between the fluid-solid and the fluid-gas interfaces is close to $\pi$. This resulting model is a free boundary problem for the equation $h_t + (h^3h_{xxx})_x = 0$, for which we have $h>0$ at the contact point (different from the usual thin film equation with $h=0$ at the contact point). We show that this fourth order quasilinear (non-degenerate) parabolic equation, together with the so-called partial wetting condition at the contact point, is well-posed. Also the contact point in our thin film equation can actually move, contrary to the classical thin film equation for a droplet arising from no-slip condition. Furthermore, we show the global stability of steady state solutions in a periodic setting.


A study is made of sound propagation through axially varying ducts with mean flow. Several analytical and numerical approaches are considered, and discussed with respect to their possibilities and limitations. Two new analytical theories, relevant for low and for high frequencies, are worked out in some detail. A fortuitously available *) computer program of one of the most promising semi-analytical methods, A.H. Nayfeh's wave envelope approach (Ref. 1), was tested to see if bottlenecks could be identified, what parameter range is attainable, and to what extent the classical uniform duct model produces satisfactory results. Main observations were that, although in principle amenable to high frequencies and circumferential periodicities, the method has in its present form parts of purely numerical nature, which do not allow a too detailed field; furthermore, for sound propagating into a contraction (the usual case in a turbo engine intake) the prediction of the uniform duct model seems to be always conservative. A spectacular increase of the reflected wave was found for a combination of high Machnumber and thin boundary layer in the contraction.


Resume Objectif : Cette etude pilote a pour but de valider les donnees sur les medicaments administres au cours d'un episode de soins ainsi que leurs couts respectifs qui sont extraits des systemes de pharmacie et integres a Magic md . Methodologie : Pour les 30 dossiers selectionnes, les donnees sur les medicaments servis lors de l'episode de soins au dossier pharmacologique ont ete colligees. Elles ont ete analysees et comparees a celles extraites par Magic md . Pour 15 episodes, la collecte des donnees sur les doses reellement administrees a ete effectuee a partir des dossiers medicaux. Les couts en medicaments ont ete calcules sur la base du dossier pharmacologique et du dossier medical. Ils ont ete compares a ceux provenant de Magic MD . Resultats : Des ecarts dans les quantites unitaires servies mentionnees au dossier pharmacologique ont ete deceles pour un tiers des dossiers. Ces ecarts sont presque entierement explicables par des ordonnances externes. Bien que les ecarts entre les couts soient tres variables, ils sont inferieurs a 10 % pour pres des deux tiers des episodes de soins. Quant aux ecarts de couts qui existent entre le dossier pharmacologique et le dossier medical, ils sont significatifs pour presque tous les episodes. Conclusion : Cette evaluation a permis d'identifier les sources des ecarts dans les resultats tires du dossier pharmacologique, du dossier medical et d'un systeme d'aide a la gestion de l'information ainsi que des solutions pour en limiter l'impact. Abstract Objective : The aim of this pilot study was to ascertain the validity of data on medications administered during a patient's hospital stay as well as their respective costs considering data extracted from the pharmacy management information systems and further integrated into Magic®. Methods : Data on medications dispensed during 30 selected hospitalization cases were collated based on the pharmacological profile. These data were analyzed and compared with the data extracted from Magic®. Data on actual doses administered during the hospital stay were also gathered based on the medical charts for 15 of these hospitalization cases. Pharmacy costs were calculated based on the pharmacological profile and on the medical chart. These costs were compared with costs extracted from Magic®. Results : Differences between quantity units for medications dispensed according to the pharmacological profile and exported towards Magic® were identified for one third of the files. However, this difference is mainly explained by outpatient prescriptions. Although the difference in costs is highly variable, it remains below 10% for almost two-third of the hospitalization cases. For the comparison between the pharmacological profile and the medical chart, the differences in costs are significant for almost all the files. Conclusion : In this analysis, the sources of variation between results from the pharmacological profile, the medical chart and a management information system were identified. Corrective actions to minimize such variation are described. Key words : management information system; medication costs;hospital costs; Magic.


IN BRIEF Glucose variability is a potential independent risk factor of poor clinical outcome among people with diabetes, with adequate measurement technically difficult and cumbersome. For this study, a novel 14-day continuous sensor was used to assess glucose variability among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim was to characterize glucose profiles for up to 2 weeks in T2D and to survey device utilization in a standard clinical setting and its potential to collect clinically meaningful data.


The figures in the table are based on school district taxes for bonded debt and the capital projects levy only, and do not include tax levies for other purposes. Tax increases shown above are gross increases, not including the impact of the state Property Tax Refund ("Circuit Breaker") program. Many owners of homestead property will qualify for a refund, based on their income and total property taxes. This will decrease the net effect of the proposed ballot questions for many property owners.


Some of the laboratory studies employing photoacoustic and phase-fluctuation optical heterodyne (PFLOHS) detection methods in measuring atmospheric NO/sub 2/ are briefly reviewed. Continuing research as well as the important points to be considered for ambient measurements of NO/sub 2/ in the troposphere are indicated. 20 references. (ACR)


The relative moisture and nonstructural carbohydrate contents were studied at NeiMongol University. The results show:in later Autumn ,with the temperature decreases,the relative moisture of A.frigida decreases; soluble sugar contents increase;and starch contents decrease.There is a significant negative correlation between soluble carbohydrate content and relative moisture,but there is no significant correlation between strach content and relative moisture. It indicates that the cold resistance of A.frigida increases through decreasing relative moisture and increasing soluble sugar contents.


In order to meet the work flow of more and more complex and requires of quality control in the pathology department. Use ASP.NET, ADO.NET and three-tie level structure model we achieve pathology information system. Through analyze the work flow of pathology department we accomplish the pathology department's function that include register, embed, diagnoses and so on. The system has a good interface and expansibility. It also has the function of picture and letter report. It achieves the function of picture and letter report and the electrical manage and automatic analysis for pathology document. The pathology information system base on B/S enhance the share of pathology document and work efficiency, it afford guarantee for the information of pathology department.


Recent developments in the emerging science of large-scale neural networks offer a new understanding of a coherent paradigm for cognition. The perspective of large-scale neural networks provides a powerful framework for investigating psychopathology in psychiatric disorders. In a similar vein, altered organizations in large-scale neural networks are shown to play a prominent role in depression. In this respect, this review gives an overview of a diverse literature on depression from the perspectives of large-scale neural networks. First, both definition and function of large-scale neural networks will be provided. Second, from a large-scale neural networks perspective, symptoms of depression will be discussed. Next, the relationship between psychodynamics of depression and altered organizations in large-scale neural networks will be addressed. Lastly, it will be explained how antidepressants and psychotherapy influence on large-scale neural networks. Understanding depression in terms of large-scale neural networks will be expected to provide a better option of treatment for depression.


The technology of non-sand pipe well dewatering was applied to the construction of pipe foundation and supporting engineering of underground complex belonging to the above project.When pumping of water was conducted to lower the water content of soil,the good results was achieved so as to facilitate the earth excavation,ensuring the structural works was properly executed and construction progress was well met.


In this study, we developed a framework for interpreting the in situ morphological properties of black carbon (BC, also referred to as "soot" due to combustion relevance) mixed with primary organic aerosol. Integration of the experiment considering primary organic aerosol (POA) evaporation from the soot particles was examined using a Differential mass–mobility analyzer (DMA) and showed the untold story of the mixing of BC and POA. We also hypothesize that morphological transformation of soots and determined such as (i) the evaporation of externally and internally mixed POA led to a decline in the particle number and size of monodisperse aerosol; (ii) presence of externally mixed BC was interpreted from the occurrence of two peaks of soot upon heating; (iii) heat-induced collapse of the BC core possibly resulted from the evaporation of material from the voids and effect of heat; (iv) volume equivalent to changes in the mobility diameter represented evaporation of POA from the surface and collapse upon heating. POA constituted a high fraction (20–40% by mass) of aerosol mass from these flames and was predominantly (i.e., 92–97% by mass) internally mixed with BC. POA was found to be highly light absorptive, i.e., an Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) value of (in general) >1.5 was estimated for BC + POA at 405/781 nm wavelengths. Interestingly, a much more highly absorptive POA [mass absorption cross-section (MAC)-5 m2 g−1] at 405 nm was discovered under a specific flame setting, which was comparable to MACs of BC particles (8–9 m2 g−1).


A chaotic map which is realized on a computer will suffer dynamical degradation. Here, a coupled chaotic model is proposed to reduce the dynamical degradation. In this model, the state variable of ...


Based on the explanation for the principles of fingerpr int recognition, the hardware? software and main functions of a fingerprint acc ess control system are introduced and presented in this paper.


Exit from street gangs has received increased attention in recent years; however, a number of important questions regarding the process of leaving remain unanswered. Relying on identity theory, we present a cognitive-emotional theory of gang exit that emphasizes functional dimensions of anger in terms of motivating individuals to pursue identity change related to gang membership. Specifically, anger provides gang members with an opportunity to identify the gang as a major source of their problems. According to identity theory, anger is generated when there is an inability to meet an identity standard. This article argues that an inability to meet identity goals produces disillusionment and anger, which reduces the relative importance of the gang identity and facilitates exit from gangs.


Beam pumping units are the main production modes in the oilfield oil recovery process. As the power-driven equipment is driven by larger electrical power of the pumping motor, the high energy cost problem is widespread and hard to solve. The motor working efficiency is difficult to accurately match to the complex dynamic loads, as the relationship between the motor driven torque and dynamic loads is hard to master precisely, and the accurate calculation of some important variables cannot be effectively solved by the traditional mechanism modelling method. To solve this problem, in this paper, the dynamic changes of the polished rod loads are considered as the dynamic load changes of the beam pumping units and a serial hybrid model for the motor load torque is studied. Firstly, according to the working principles of the beam pumping units and the mechanism models of the pumping motor, belt pulley-gear box and four-bar linkage mechanism are respectively built. Secondly, for the underground frictions, a rough mechanism model based on the energy conservation equation is built first and then a data-driven soft sensor model is adopted to obtain the dynamic fluid levels instead of an off-line measurement, which uses a C index based on the on-line verification method to prevent the over-fitting in data-driven modelling process. Through the research of this article, a serial hybrid model is proposed to build the dynamic relationship between the pumping motor load torque and the polished rod loads, the underground frictions can be taken as a dynamic variable related to the time and the down-hole dynamic fluid level can be obtained by an on-line calculation. The proposed hybrid modelling method is applied to four normal oil wells, and comparisons between the simulation results and the actual test results verify its effectiveness.


The Village Consultative Body, hereinafter briefly BPD, has a strategic position as a representative of the village community in the village administration to participate in formulating village government policies. The organizers of government functions especially in terms of facilitating village regulations, village budgets and monitoring the performance of the Village Head and playing a role in maintaining good relations and communication between the Village Government and the village community. Thus, the BPD must be filled by
people who have a role model (role model) supported by sufficient ability to carry out their functions, duties, rights and obligations as a BPD member. So that the implementation of filling BPD membership must be carried out in a systematic, procedural, democratic, participatory, transparent, accountable, honest and fair manner. Considering that the service period for BPD membership in Podosari Village, Cepiring District Kendal Regency will surrender to end in 2019, so that there is no BPD membership vacancy in the village, it is necessary to immediately prepare and process the filling of BPD membership through the selection of BPD members.
The research method used is socio-legal research. Data collection techniques are done by interview observation and documentation. Sampling was done using Purposive Sampling technique. The study states that in the implementation of filling BPD members in accordance with the procedures of Kendal Regent Regulation number 6 of 2019 regarding the Regulation of the Regional Regulation of Kendal Regency Number 20 of 2018 about the Village Consultative Body so that a conclusion can be drawn that the existence of these regulations is expected through the implementation and filling process BPD members must believe this as an effort to improve the implementation of the BPD members' implementation and filling processes so that all parties, namely the village government and the community, should be able to actively participate in the success and support of the implementation and filling process of BPD members according to the Kendal Regent Regulation Number 6 Year 2019.


Physio-chemical properties of 4-year Phyllostachys praecox cv.prevernalis culm's charcoal and determination of its Hg2+ absorption showed that physio-chemical properties of the tested charcoal,such as moisture,ash,volatile matter,fixed carbon and pH,met the standards of "Bamboo Charcoal" prepared by Provincial Standard of Zhejiang.24 elements were determined in the tested charcoal,like K,Ca,Na,Mg were very high,especially K,topped 1 1730 mg/kg.While elements of Hg,Cd,Cr,Se were not found,but the content of As,Pb,Co,Ni,Sr were lower than 1mg/kg.The tested charcoal had strong capacity of Hg2+ absorption.Absorption rate could top 96% when the test charcoal of 10 mg with particle diameter of 0.25~0.37 mm at 35℃,pH of 6 and Hg2+.


Abstract : The monograph presents new methods of calculating electromagnetic fields using modeling and electronic computers, describes the operating principles and the design of models of the most complex mathematical operations, and examines the methods of calculating specialized modeling machines for calculating electromagnetic fields. The last chapter considers the theory of models of spatial static fields with an optimal boundary structure. Examples are included of the calculation and building of models with minimum distorting boundary and new methods of modeling. The book contains basically original material which can be used in the design of new types of electromagnetic equipment. The book is intended for researchers and engineers concerned with calculating electromagnetic fields and developing and designing new types of electrical and radio equipment.


Influence of three kind of grazing management model(winter grazing management,wintry spring grazing management and year-round grazing management) on height,coverage,biomass and community structure of alpine swamp meadow in north Tibet was studied using demo method.Research shows that alpine swamp meadow community species are non significant(p0.05),while height,coverage and biomass under three grazing management are significantly different(p0.05).Grazing management has a great influence on alpine swamp meadow community diversity.Shannon-Wiener index of alpine under different grazing management are significant different(p0.05),showing alpine swamp meadow under wintry spring grazing management lower than which under winter grazing management and year-round grazing management.Margalef index and Pielou index of alpine swamp meadow under winter grazing management and year-round grazing management are non significant(p0.05),which is significant higher than alpine swamp meadow under winter grazing management.


The introduction of the Australian Curriculum: Geography provides an important opportunity for children to develop their curiosity about their personal world and explore the geography of their lives and their own places. This article draws on P-10 Geography: Australian Curriculum in Queensland (ACiQ) which is a valuable planning resource developed by the Queensland Curriculum and Assessment Authority to assist schools to understand the curriculum and meet the learning needs of their children.


. Certain wing and genitalic characters of P. microdamas are distinctive from other Protesilaus sens. lat.. Based on these genitalic distinctions, P. dospassosi is associated with Protesilaus , and P. microdamas in particular, for the first time. P. huanucana is accorded species status based on wing and genitalic examination of all Protesilaus taxa. Specimens with wings similar to P. huanucana , but sharing the distinctive genitalic traits of P. microdamas and P. dospassosi, are discussed relative to their possibly representing a further terminal taxon of the genus. All of the above taxa have received little or no previous taxonomic examination.


Removal of the primary pancreatic tumor and regional lymph nodes has long been touted as the only treatment modality that offers patients with pancreatic cancer a chanceat cure.However,historyhas taught us that pancreatectomy—when performed de novo—rarely cures. Indeed, most patients who undergo pancreatectomy develop cancer recurrence and die within 5 years of their operation. And, although the postoperative administration of systemic chemotherapy improves survival after surgery, it does so only modestly—when it is administered at all. Recognizing these realities, Tsai et al have presented a sound rationale for the routine delivery of preoperative therapy to all patients with technically resectable pancreatic cancer in this issue of Journal of Oncology Practice. The evidence reviewed by Tsai et al notwithstanding, an operation followed by systemic chemotherapy is still the standard treatment of patients with cancers that are localized and resectable, and proponents of that approach argue that it must remain so until high-level, randomized data are generated to supplant it. Unfortunately, preexisting biases have prevented that. The only two trials that have randomly assigned patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma to either de novo pancreatectomy or preoperative therapy (chemoradiation) followed by surgery opened in Europe and closed prematurely because of an inability to accrue patients. The larger European phase III NEOPAC study that randomly assigns patients to surgery with postoperative gemcitabine or preoperative gemcitabine and oxaliplatin followed by surgery and postoperative gemcitabine is anticipated to be more successful. Regardless, the existing data such as those reviewed by Tsai et al, although derived largely from preclinical models and single-arm phase II trials, already provide support for the premise that at least some patients may benefit from a strategy that is initially nonsurgical. So why must we wait for the results of a study that uses one single—and already somewhat antiquated—preoperative regimen before we move forward? We make confident clinical decisions all the time in oncology on the basis of data that are not nearly as strong as those that already exist today.


Introduction: SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, was first identified in December 2019 and declared a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Knowledge about COVID-19 is growing exponentially, but long-term pulmonary outcomes and factors influencing the development of fibrosis, such as intubation status, remain uncertain. We present three patients with no previous underlying pulmonary disease who developed post-ARDS fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 and continue to be severely impaired six months after initial hospitalization. Case Series: Three patients developed post-ARDS pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 within one month of acute infection. Two males and one female, aged 56 to 75, were admitted 4 to 7 days after symptom onset and required ICU admission. One patient required 12 days of mechanical ventilation and was managed with noninvasive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for 15 days and one was managed with HFNC for 37 days. One patient receiving oxygenation via HFNC and oxymask developed pneumomediastinum on day 30 of admission and was managed conservatively. All patients demonstrated characteristic bilateral ground-glass opacities on CT chest and follow up scans showed traction-bronchiectasis with diffuse fibrotic changes. C-reactive protein level on admission ranged from 41.22 to 30.79, and all patients received systemic corticosteroids along with therapeutic anticoagulation. All patients met criteria for home oxygen on discharge. Discussion: Post-ARDS pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 appears to be multifactorial. Possible outcome predictors identified include: advanced age, illness severity, length of ICU stay, mechanical ventilation, smoking, and chronic alcoholism. While the mechanism remains uncertain, virus-induced cell injury and inflammatory mediators may be responsible for the accelerated lung damage observed. Management has evolved over the course of the pandemic from emphasis on early intubation to maximal use of non-invasive pressure ventilation, taking into consideration the potential harm associated with patient self-inflicted lung injury versus ventilator induced injury. Our case series demonstrates three patients with varying comorbidities and elevated inflammatory markers, who received steroids and therapeutic anticoagulation. All patients had similar clinical outcomes irrespective of intubation status. Conclusion: Intubation status did not appear to have an impact on progression to post-ARDS pulmonary fibrosis in our case series of three patients. All patients developed fibrosis and continued to experience severe dyspnea requiring home oxygen six months after acute infection. Long-term observational cohort studies are required to better establish if mechanical ventilation is a predictor of post-ARDS pulmonary fibrosis from COVID-19.


A driving question in (quantum) cohomology of flag varieties is to find non-recursive, positive combinatorial formulas for expressing the product of two classes in a particularly nice basis, called the Schubert basis. Bertram, Ciocan-Fontanine and Fulton provided a way to compute quantum products of Schubert classes in the Grassmannian of k-planes in complex n-space by doing classical multiplication and then applying a combinatorial rim hook rule which yields the quantum parameter. In this paper, we provide a generalization of this rim hook rule to the setting in which there is also an action of the complex torus. Combining this result with Knutson and Tao's puzzle rule then gives an effective algorithm for computing all equivariant quantum Littlewood-Richardson coefficients. Interestingly, this rule requires a specialization of torus weights modulo n, suggesting a direct connection to the Peterson isomorphism relating quantum and affine Schubert calculus.


Effluents from a high temperature, high pressure, entrained flow gasifier were analyzed for possible inorganic and organic pollutants. Samples were taken from the cooled and water-scrubbed product gas stream, the scrubber effluent water, the gas evolved on depressurization of the scrubber water, and the particulate matter filtered from the scrubber water. The compositions of these samples were determined using the analytical techniques of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, proton-induced x-ray emission spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, thermometric titrimetry, ion chromatography, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. In order to observe the effects of different reactor conditions on the amounts and types of pollutants produced, five process parameters were varied; coal type, coal feed rate, reactor pressure, oxygen/coal ratio, and steam/coal ratio. It can be concluded that: effluent streams from this type of gasifier are extremely clean when compared to other types of gasifiers; all of the nonvolatile organic compounds produced are quantitatively adsorbed by the particulate matter in the scrubber water; the only potential pollutants from the gasifier are the particulate matter and NH/sub 4//sup +/ in the scrubber water, the bottom ash/slag, and the H/sub 2/S and HCN in the product and flash gases; increasing the pressure and decreasing the O/sub 2//coal ratio tendedmore » to reduce pollutants in the effluents and increase coal conversion efficiency; flocculation is probably the best method of removing char or soot from the scrubber water; the ash slurry stream can be treated by thickening clarification of the solids and the removal of hydrogen sulfide from the liquid stream by the addition of a base such as sodium hydroxide; and acid gas pollutants, H/sub 2/S, HCN and SO/sub 2/, may be removed from the product gas and the scrubber flash gas using the commercial RECTISOL absorption process.« less


The ideas of corporate citizenship and sustainable development have demonstrated that corporations have a larger role than simply generating a profit. Some corporations have begun to evolve by including the principles of sustainable development and the triple bottom line into their growth and development plans. Promoting social well-being, minimizing environmental degradation, as well as maximizing economic profitability, is quickly becoming common practice.


A small granitic body was recently discovered in the Hiroo Complex, Nakanogawa Group, Hidaka Belt, southern Hokkaido, Japan. The granitic rocks occur as a <100-m-wide small body in the Rakko river ca. 4.5 km northwest of its river mouth. The granitic rock intrudes into surrounding greenstones, whose color has changed to reddish brown in a ca.-30-cm-wide area at the contact. The granitic rocks were subject to strong brittle deformation and have been variously altered together with the surrounding greenstones. the direct relationship granitic rocks sedimentary rocks in the Nakanogawa Group unclear, the greenstones are accompanied red cherts and limestones occurring as blocks in the alternating sandstone and mudstone layers. Thus, the granitic rocks and greenstones are presumably a large block in the Nakanogawa Group.


There composition, relative to their total weight, poly (ethylene terephthalate) 20-90 wt% of a polyester component comprising been modified poly (butylene terephthalate) copolymer derived from components and; phosphinate flame retardants and or diphosphinate flame retardant and 5 to 35 wt%; melamine polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, melamine pyrophosphate, and or melamine phosphate and 1-25 wt%; cross-section a non-circular glass fibers 0 super 50 mass%; the additive containing, 0-5% by weight.


An implant register can consist of a product and or patient registry. A Clinical Quality Registry (CQR) with treatment data also is conceivable. The quality of the register is determined by the quality of the data collection. Due to the complexity of the questions, the quality of possible evaluations and to avoid conflicts of interest, it is recommended to see these fields separately and to leave the evaluation to scientific studies. Conflicts of interest are indicated. The existence of a register has little benefit for the patient. In addition to the equally important approval procedures, problem management based on a register is crucial for patients. The detection of discrete abnormalities with the help of algorithms (artificial intelligence) can be seen as a project for the future. Besides the decisive parameters for the success of implants such as reliable approval procedures, good education and training of users and a quality-oriented working environment, the implant register represents an additional benefit. Due to the extremely complex nature of the problem, the question of resources has to be asked in relation to the different significance of the various implant applications.