As of 21st May 2020, there have been 4.89M confirmed cases worldwide and over 323,000 deaths of people who have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak of COVID-19, has not only caused widespread morbidity and mortality, but has also led to a catastrophic breakdown in the global economy and unprecedented social disruption. To lessen the global health consequences of COVID-19, sweeping COVID-19 lockdown and quarantine measures have been imposed within many nations. These measures have significantly impacted the world's economy and in many cases has led to the loss of livelihood. Mathematical modeling of pandemics is of critical importance to understand the unfolding of transmission events and to formulate control measures. In this research letter, we have introduced a novel approach to forecasting epidemics like COVID-19. The proposed mathematical model stems from the fundamental principles of fluid dynamics, and can be utilized to make projections of the number of infected people. This unique mathematical model can be beneficial for predicting and designing potential strategies to mitigate the spread and impact of pandemics.


The phonocardiography signal (PCG) is an important part of reflecting the activities and activities of the main valves in the heart (Aortic valve, Pulmonic valve, Tricuspid valve, and Mitral valve). Where the heart is considered to be in mechanically part movement and as a result of blood flow through the valves with also the blockage and opening of the valves produce the sound of the heart (PCG). The doctor listens to this sound of PCG through a stethoscope and the diagnosis is made clinically, then the patient is referred to an echocardiogram to confirm the activities of the heart valves. The signals of PCG are analysed by passing through multi-resolution analysis (MRS) in the wavelet packet tree. The extracted information from WPT-Tree at the third level of decomposition is a tool for analysis. Finally, entropy value was calculated at a third level decomposition and diagnosis by the artificial neural network. The important advance that used max bit rate of 200 KHz and 24-bit resolution. In addition to the diagnosis of ten disease cases, work was done to diagnose heart disease in an normal and abnormal state. Where the maximum frequency rate is 94 KHz and is used multi tools and multi algorithms for analysis and classification.


Abstract:This research investigates the use of harmonic anticipation (HA) in the improvised solos of saxophonist Charlie Parker. HA is the technique of arriving at the succeeding chord ahead of time, and although frequently used by jazz soloists, it has received scarce attention in the literature as a standalone concept. The research investigates how Parker uses HA, including the length of anticipation, the location in the musical form, and the types of melodic and rhythmic structures engaged. I also consider whether HA is an essential component of transcription analysis and how musicians might approach learning to anticipate harmony when improvising. The research methods include transcription analysis of improvised solos and a practice-led approach to learning to improvise with HA. The transcription analyses reveal Parker's preferred methods for anticipating harmony: at a modulation point, during a ii-V-I chord progression, before the I chord in a blues form, and with varying lengths of 25-100% of the underlying harmonic rhythm. I argue that existing methods of transcription analysis can be improved by the inclusion of a sophisticated understanding of HA and develop a series of pedagogical exercises for my own practice and for use by a wider audience.


China has emerged as the world's second-largest economy due to its rapid industrial expansion and phenomenal economic growth in recent decades. Though, this exponential economic turnaround has been fueled by widespread energy consumption, making China among the largest pollutant emitters in the world. Chinese enterprises have come under greater scrutiny and the government has mandated Chinese companies to undertake environmental protection investment. However, little is known that how these mandatory environmental investments affect Chinese firms' ability to undertake R&D expenditures. This study employs data of China's A-share listed firms during 2008-2016 to examine the nexus between environmental protection investment and corporate innovation. Our findings conjecture the crowding-out effects of environmental investments on enterprise innovation-related expenditures. Furthermore, additional empirical testing reveals that R&D undertakings of state-owned and politically connected firms are not affected by environmental investments. Likewise, corporate innovation activities are not negatively influenced by environmental investments in polluting industries. The study findings offer fresh insights to regulators, corporate managers, and stakeholders. Our results are robust to alternate econometric specifications and alternate variable specifications.


Lu Xun and M.de Cenantes both created contemporary literature in different meanings. Their novels structured model pattern of the content and style. To show their characters and values in world literature and realize the essential of literatural creation, this article is about comparison between Lu Xun and W.de Cenantes in their novels' creation and source.


In the third and final article in the Symposium included in this volume on Future Productivity Growth in Canada, Benoit Robidoux from Finance Canada observes that there has been a structural improvement in labour productivity growth in Canada since 1996 and that it is likely that this stronger productivity growth of around 2 per cent per year will continue. He points out that future productivity growth in Canada will increasingly depend on productivity trends in the expanding service sector, and in particular on the ability of this sector to incorporate information and communication technologies into the production process.


The invention discloses a scrimber comprising wood wool rod units and a manufacturing method. Wood wool rods with identical specifications are directionally laid on a cushion plate in a stepped stacking mode or a brick wall type stacking mode after being selected, straightened, dried and glued, then the cushion plate is conveyed into a lower mold of an opening type mold mounted on a hot press, and single wood wool slabs are manufactured by means of thickness limiting mold pressing, pressure relieving, mold releasing and sanding processing; or the wood wool rods are directionally laid in a stepped stacking mode or a brick wall type stacking mode on the cushion plate placed at the bottom of a mold pressing box, and a wood wool mold pressing material is manufactured by means of mold pressing, pressure relieving and mold releasing. The scrimber has the advantages that characteristics of natural solid wood are kept, gluing area and gluing strength are improved, the problem that products including plywood, technical wood and the like need to be formed by single plates manufactured by means of rotationally cutting straight logs of large-diameter tree trunks is solved, and the problem of strain on resources and resource exhaustion of raw materials for producing the man-made board products is also solved.


Covered smut of barley, caused by Ustilago hordei, is a seed-borne disease. Economic loss is due to decreased yield and to contamination of healthy grains with black teliospores. Molecular marker-assisted selection for covered smut is desirable, because traditional screening in the greenhouse and field is time consuming, expensive, and unreliable. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker OPJ10450, tightly linked to covered smut resistance in the barley line Q21861, was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 5 (1H) near the restrict fragment length polymorphic marker Act8A in the 'Harrington'/TR306 mapping population. The covered smut resistance gene in Q21861 was given the provisional designation of Ruhq. Sequence tagged site marker aHor2 and RAPD marker OPO6780 on the short arm of chromosome 5 (1H) were closely linked to Ruhq. The amplified fragment length polymorphic marker E-AAA/M-CCC265 was also linked to Ruhq. These markers will be useful for marker-assisted selection for covered smut resistance in barley.


The rejection process remains the key unsolved issue after transplantation of disparate tissue. The CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2) has been reported to be involved in the process of alloimmune interaction. Spiegelmers are l‐oligonucleotides that can be designed to bind to pharmacologically relevant target molecules. Here, we tested a high‐affinity Spiegelmer‐based MCP‐1 inhibitor (mNOX‐E36) in an allogeneic heart transplant model. Fully vascularized allogeneic heterotopic heart transplantations from BALB/c to C57BL/6 mice were performed. Mice were either treated with the anti‐MCP‐1‐Spiegelmer (mNOX‐E36) in monotherapy or in combination with subtherapeutic doses of cyclosporine A (CsA) (10 mg/kgBW/day) for 10 days. Controls received equivalent doses of a non‐functional Spiegelmer (revmNOX‐E36). Graft survival of allogeneic heart transplants was slightly but significantly prolonged under mNOX‐E36 monotherapy (median graft survival 10 day ± 0.7) compared to revmNOX‐E36 (median graft survival 7 day ± 0.3; P = 0.001). A synergistic beneficial effect could be seen when mNOX‐E36 was administered in combination with subtherapeutic doses of CsA (18 day ± 2.8 versus 7 day ± 0.3; P < 0.0001). Levels of inflammatory cytokines and 'alarmins' were significantly reduced, and the number of F4/80+ cells was lower under combination therapy (1.8% ± 1.3%; versus 14.6% ± 4.4%; P = 0.0002). This novel inhibitor of the MCP‐1/CCR2 axis (mNOX‐E36), which has already proven efficacy and tolerability in early clinical trials, alleviates acute rejection processes in allogeneic transplantation especially when combined with subtherapeutic doses of CsA. Thus, mNOX‐E36 may have potential as an adjunct immunomodulatory agent.


How has the Orthodox liturgy come to have the shape it has? How different is it from the eucharistic rites of the Western churches? Hugh Wybrew's authoritative but splendidly readable book traces the development of the Orthodox liturgy from the Last Supper to the present day.


As a promising IoT application, the rural leisure tourism industry can promote the reconstruction of industrial structure in rural areas and realize a sustainable, rapid, and healthy development of rural economy. This paper takes the rural leisure tourism industry in China as an example and aims at building an intelligent and integrated modern IoT use case. Based on the traditional rural leisure tourism, we improve the system by adding the data analysis over a mobile cloud IoT computing platform. In particular, this work investigates the characteristics of the national tourism market under the security requirements from governmental cloud data management policy. Our study shows that the geographical concentration index G of tourists in the Chinese market continues to increase. With the booming of IoT applications in rural leisure tourism, intelligent and integrated tourism guidance and optimized decision-making will provide tourists with better information and thus make rapid improvement of geographical concentration index.


taining 0.12% dissolved solids or more, and the STS for solutions containing 0.58% dissolved solids or more, for the CFN is inferior to t h a t for the MBN. Both of these conclusions are found to be independen t of the tes t elem e n t and the salt matr ix. The results indicate a general decrease in bo th the STS and L T S per formances of the CFN with an increase in the salt concentrat ion. The M B N does not exhibi t such a decrease in its pe r formance for solutions containing up to 1.4 % dissolved solids. The STS and L T S values for the M B N are seen to fall in the range of 2 to 5 %. The per formances of the M B N and C F N under condit ions of high salt concentra t ions are demons t r a t ed in Fig. 3, where the Yb emission signal f rom a 1.4 % Na2S04 solution is p lo t ted as a funct ion of time. This figure indicates t ha t the Yb emission signal f luctuates t r emendously when the CFN is used, with the emission signal essentially lost af ter 20 min of cons tan t aspiration. The same signal with the M B N is ex t remely stable, even over 2 h of cons tant aspiration.


Chapter 6 on the four stages of dialectical transformative change involves concepts of: absence as well as presence; difference versus actual transformative change; emergence of higher order things from lower order ones; immanent critique. With the four stages, the acronym MELD stands for first Moment, second Edge, third Level and fourth Dimension. The stages are considered in their benign/effective, malign/ineffective and mini versions. It is vital to start research with 1M's intense in-depth study before intervening at 2E, then at 3L looking at the larger scene, and at 4D working on personal change. There is an overview of research from past to future, local to global. The detailed example applies MELD to research on improving care for children with allergies.


Objective To study the short-term curative effect and security of percutaneous implan- tion of iodine-125 seeds by CT-guided puncture in treating aging primary non-small-cell lung carcinoma. Methods Fifty-nine patients who were diagnosed by histopathology or cytology were selected randomly as subjects. They were treated by percutaneous implantion iodine-125 seeds by CT-guided puncture, and vali- dated at preoperative, intraoperative and after operation. Then the short-term curative effects were evalua- ted by the standard of solid tumor, and quality of life by Kamofsky. Results CR rate was 8. 5% (5/59), PR rate was 83. 1% (49/59) ,SD rate was 5. 1% (3/59),PD rate was 3.4% (2/59) ; six-month survival rate was 98.3% (58/59), one-year survival rate was 86. 4% (51/59) ; effective power was 91.5%. Con- dusions Percutaneous implantion of iodine-125 seeds by CT-guided puncture in treating aging primary non-small-cell lung carcinoma can improve the short-term curative effect, quality of life and is safe.

Key words:
Percutaneous implant iodine-125 seeds;  Primary non-small-cell lung carcinoma; Percutaneous puncture


The Painted Cycle in the Cathedral of Angers : Remarks on the Use of Colors in the 13th century. The wall painting in the apse of the cathedral of Angers, dated ca. 1255, is composed of a single register of 20 scenes of the life of Saint Maurille, bishop of Angers in the 4th century. A highly elaborate painting technique was employed : oil and resin-based paints and numerous pigments (white lead, red oxide of lead, azurite, green copper, cinnabar, charcoal, red and yellow ochre). This wall painting provides us with insights into the pictorial techniques, the analysis of form and the iconography. Based on the interplay of the latter, a new interpretation of the use of colors in this cycle may be proposed — that they were most likely used as both a narrative and spiritual instrument.


Object of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable method of diagnosis of the temperature detecting vehicle motor controller, the MCU to the measured temperature can be close to the real value of the maximum, and the MCU protection based on the temperature data, whereby reduce the frequency of maintenance of the system. Vehicle of the present invention detects the temperature detection method of motor controller, motor control system using the at least two temperature sensors, the driving temperature acquisition module, and a temperature sensor to collate all the acquired temperature data, excluding the maximum deviation data, and finally to control the output power of the drive module in accordance with the temperature data retention. Redundant design by the temperature sensor, a temperature sensor can be avoided or is not working properly measure the temperature variation caused by miscalculation large, MCU temperature which can ensure the reliability of data acquisition, and the measured temperature data to maximize close to the true value.


The strong interaction shifts and widths of the antiproton-deuteron atom are calculated within a simple three-body model. The nuclear {ital {bar p}}-{ital d} optical potential is obtained from a projected form of the Faddeev equations with rank one, separable, {ital S}-wave two-body potentials. The {ital N}{endash}{ital {bar N}} potential parameters are fit to the zero-energy scattering results of the Graz potential. The Coulomb potential is combined with the nuclear optical potential to obtain the atomic levels from the Schroedinger equation. The truncation of the Faddeev model optical potential to the level of the standard {ital t}{rho} impulse approximation overestimates the shifts and widths by up to 10% and 30%, respectively. The use of first-order perturbation theory for the atomic eigenvalue overestimates the widths by one order of magnitude.


It has been a very long wait indeed, more than half a century, since the only contender until now has been the partial version attempted in 1959 by Lesley Byrd Simpson, issued in paperback by the University of California Press and titled, somewhat dubiously, Little Sermons on Sin. Accompanied by a scant eight-page Introduction (1-8), merely twelve notes (198-99), and only five bibliographical references (200), this otherwise partially useful early effort suffered from the problematic but ultimately fatal flaw of the omission of the entire Part IV of the work, allegedly for Simpson's perceived lack of its interest to the modern reader as "a long and insufferably dull treatise on astrology" and for his debatable claim that this last section "is not part of [the author's] original plan" (8), even though Simpson apparently forgets that the author's Prologue explicitly states that the work is in four parts (11-12).


1970s studies of the evolution of OS/360 and other software systems suggested that E-type software development processes display feedback system like behaviour, develop a controlling dynamics and are subject to a number of laws termed laws of program evolution. Following the 1994 formulation of a FEAST hypothesis that, inter alia, encapsulates these observations, further studies are now underway. These are re-examining the feedback phenomenon and seeking ways to exploit it so as to improve the process of software process improvement. This paper outlines these themes, summarises some preliminary results and introduces a two year funded project FEAST/1 that, in collaboration with industry, will pursue the matter further. FEAST/1 is seen as laying the foundations for a longer term interdisciplinary study which, if the FEAST hypothesis is valid, should have a significant impact on the industrial process of software development while also providing foundations for a theory of software process and software product evolution.


Max Roser is the creator of Our World in Data, a site that brings together long‐term data on global development, health, the environment and more, complete with interactive visualisations and explanations. He spoke to Robert Langkjær‐Bain about the power of data to reveal the truth about the world we live in – and to remind us that we really can change it for the better


We describe results obtained with the implementation of a new large drag limit, two-phase continuum mixture model of DDT into MESA2D. This model is related to the Baer & Nunziato (BN) model and gives similar results for low porosity (<30%) materials when the same reaction kinetics scheme is used. This original BN kinetics scheme was used to simulate a suite of 1D and 2D experiments. The BN kinetics scheme is found to be inadequate and requires further development.


central issue that World War II raises for novelists is how to represent the ultimately inexpressible horrors of that war and, at the same time, engage the reader in a dialogue that might produce the saeva indignatio (savage indignation) that Jonathan Swift, for example, considered the affective preliminary to ethical social action. Scholars are convinced that Joseph Heller's Catch-22 leads to such a vision of human responsibility issuing from indignation. As Robert Merrill puts it, "Yossarian deserts because he finally realizes there are greater horrors than physical pain and death" (50). In Heller's own estimate, those greater horrors are "the guilt and responsibility for never intervening in the injustices he [Yossarian] knows exist everywhere" (qtd. in Merrill 51). At the end of the novel, when Yossarian decides to go to Sweden, he does so specifically to run to his responsibilities: "Let the bastards thrive," says Yossarian, "since I can't do a thing to stop them but embarrass them by running away" (Heller 462). In this case, the ethical decision is to estimate what one can credibly do to work against a mad, destructive system and then do it. Critics of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five, on the other hand, are not unanimously so willing to grant the ethical engagement of the novel. Slaughterhouse-Five has produced two very different schools of thought on Vonnegut's ethical focus. On the one hand, Tony Tanner argues that the novel leads to quietism, which springs from a sense of hopelessness (128). Sharon Seiber appears to associate that hopelessness with predestination and fatalism (148). James Lundquist connects that hopelessness to black humor and argues that such humor is, in effect, an expression of human inadequacy in the face of the complexities of the universe (18–19).1 Such inadequacy, Seiber suggests, can produce only a sort of


Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure has been used for the treatment of portal hypertension induced due to liver cirrhosis. A small metallic tube called stent graft is inserted during TIPS for rerouting blood flow in the liver. Common complications after TIPS is partial or complete blockage inside or at either ends of the stent graft. This paper presents the design and fabrication of a smart stent graft containing two pressure sensors for detecting blockages occuring after TIPS. The active implant device with pressure sensor is powered wirelessly and it transmits measured pressure data wirelessly to the external monitoring station using inductive coupling. Ferrite inductor antennas are used for wireless power reception and PCB trace antenna is used for wireless data transmission in the implant device. A smart stent graft is fabricated by coating PTFE membrane on the bare stent followed by mounting of the implant devices. The in vivo setup is emulated by placing the smart stent graft inside meat and powering the implant device with wireless inductive telemetry link. Test result shows that implant device can be operated for a wireless range of 4.5 cm using 15 W 2.05 MHz RF power sender.


e16057 Background: Patients with localised oesophageal adenocarcinoma or squamous cell cancer are frequently offered surgery, usually with neoadjuvant treatment. Whether minimally invasive surgical approaches are superior to standard open procedures in terms of patient recovery and survival benefit is unclear. Well-designed and well-conducted pragmatic trials are limited. The ROMIO study compared laparoscopic abdominal surgery and thoracotomy (LAO) with open oesophagectomy (OO), to test the hypothesis that LAO allows faster recovery than OO whilst maintaining the survival benefit of surgery. Methods: A pragmatic multi-centre randomised controlled trial (1:1 LAO vs. OO) was conducted in 9 major cancer centres in the UK. Included were patients with localised adenocarcinoma or squamous cell cancer selected by a multi-disciplinary team for oesophagectomy with or without neoadjuvant treatment. Surgery was quality assured by provision of a protocol, pre-operative video assessment of the 40 participating surgeons and intra-operative photographs of key agreed surgical components. The primary outcome was the physical function scale of the EORTC QLQ-C30 assessed during the first 3 months. Results: At enrolment to ROMIO 447 (85%) of 526 participants were male, mean age was 67 years (SD 9), 469 (89%) had an adenocarcinoma, 368 (70%) had a clinically staged T3 or T4a tumour, 295 (56%) had clinically positive nodes, and 438 (83%) underwent neoadjuvant treatment. 263 were randomly allocated to each of the two procedures, with 241 (92%) undergoing their allocated open surgery and 237 (91%) undergoing their allocated LAO (hybrid) surgery. Analyses are underway and this presentation will include the primary outcome measure and other short-term clinical outcomes including key complications and survival during the first 90 days (clinical data >95% complete). Conclusions: ROMIO is the largest multi-centre randomised controlled surgical trial of minimal access versus open surgical approaches for oesophageal cancer. The provision of a surgical quality assessment tool will supplement trial data to provide for the first-time evidence of surgical standards of both approaches. Clinical trial information: ISRCTN10386621.


The purpose of this study was to understand the therapeutic and non0therapeutic experiences of cognitive-behavioral group therapy for binge eaters. Nine female binge eaters were included in this study. All subjects were female, whose average age was 27.4, seven of them were diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, one of them was anorexia nervosa, and other one was eating disorder NOS. Duration of illness was 6.1 years in average. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy was provided for binge eaters from July to september, 1997. Group CBT originally developed by Fairburn & Wilson(1993), we restructured it to 10 sessions weekly for this study. Data were collected through recording the process of CBT. Content analysis was applied to identify similar content and confirm common experiences. Thirty three themes were conformed in the analysis. Binge eaters had experienced happiness with weigh loss, preoccupation with dieting, pain related binge and purge, loneliness, and depression in the pre-stage of CBT. In early stage, they got hope for curing and shared mutual feeling about their eating problem each other. They acknowledged pattern of their eating through self-monitoring. But patients who didn`t establish trust on therapist didn`t comply the prescription. They also showed fear of loss of control and anxiety for weight gaining. In the middle stage, patients who have complied regular prescriptions experienced weight maintenance, although they had each of meals as well as snacks regularly three times a day. This is the reason that their binge eating was decreased remarkably. In spite of that, some of them continued to have ambivalence between continuing and stopping dieting. It brought resistance to therapy process. And sudden stress events made them overeat. Their eating patterns were not stabilized yet in the middle stage. In the late stage, they were growing to explore internal meaning of binge eating, for example aloofness and anger to their parents lead to overeat. So they got understood themselves, and changed their attitudes towards life and eating. But conflict with their family members, especially with husband or parents and stress events still continued to be a reason to make them overeat occasionally. In the post-stage of CBT, they have experienced internalization of therapeutic factors and improved eating behaviors by changing of lifestyle. But stress event and family conflict made tem binge occasionally, so they need consistent supports from members and therapist after CBT. In conclusions, trust on therapist, compliance with prescriptions of regular eating, happening of stress events were most important factors in analysis of experience of CBT. The study findings suggested that individual-based meeting should be provided to establish trust on therapist in early stage.


It is suggested that energetic particles populating the Jovian outer magnetosphere and neighboring interplanetary space are flowing out from the Jovian radiation belt by the outward diffusion process that violates both second and third adiabatic invariants. This cross-field diffusion process operates preferentially at low altitudes, and it does not cause serious degradation of particle energy. A model is constructed which combines this process with ordinary inward diffusion and pitch angle scattering, and it is found to compare favorably with Pioneer 10 observations in the Jovian magnetosphere.


Perceivers naturally integrate auditory and visual information in the perception of speech and emotion. Although both modalities contribute to perception, instructions and intention appear to modulate the impact of these modalities. Although there is some influence of the to‐be‐ignored modality, perceivers can attenuate its influence so that some degree of control is possible. The fuzzy logical model of perception provides a good account of performance under the different instruction conditions. For the estimation of the free parameters corresponding to the parameters that correspond to the evaluation of the auditory and visual sources, the FLMP assumed different parameter values in the different instruction conditions. Different parameter values were sufficient to capture the results. Intention can thus be accounted for in terms of information with no qualitative changes in information processing. Within the framework of the FLMP, the fundamental pattern recognition algorithm does not change. Bearing out this assumption, intention can enhance or attenuate the information contribution of sources that are available, but intention does not seem capable of enforcing another type of pattern recognition algorithm. Future research using expanded factorial designs should be able to provide a more definitive understanding of the role of intention and attentional set in pattern recognition. [Work supported by NIDCD.]


We present an algorithm for face 3D motion estimation in videoconference scenes. The algorithm uses a modification of the CANDIDE face model and is based on feature tracking and the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Various techniques are adopted to increase the robustness of the feature tracking procedure and, in particular, a filtering technique on reference blocks. Global motion estimation is used as a starting point for local motion detection. To this purpose, we generate, by texture mapping, a synthetic image of the mouth, whose shape is changed using a set of action units (AU). The optimal AU values are determined via a gradient-based minimization procedure of the error energy between the template and the actual mouth image. The proposed scheme is quite robust and was tested with success on long sequences.


The solid-state fermentation (SSF) is defined as the growth of the microorganism on a solid porous matrix which can be biodegradable or not, with spaces between particles where we can found a gas phase and a minimum of water, enough sources of carbohydrates and nitrogen and mineral salts that allow the appropriate develop of the organisms [1,2]. SSF has been used traditionally on Asian cultures as Japanese for the production of "koji" by Aspergilus oryzae, [2], Chinese for "red rice" by Monascus [3], and European as French for "blue cheese" by Penicillium roquefortii [2], among others. Also SSF has been employed in bioprocess, nutritional enrichment of crops, biopulping and production of secondary metabolites [4].


This study conducted a 12-week yoga and resistance exercise program which was provided three times a week with 24 obese middle-aged women with ≥ 30% body fat to examine its effect on health-related physical fitness and Blood Lipids. As a result of comparison and analysis of exercise effects, the following results were obtained. First, the yoga and resistance exercise program had positive effect on muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, cardiorespiratory endurance, and body composition. Second, the yoga and resistance exercise program had positive effect on Blood Lipids. Based on this result, This study also demonstrated decreased weight and body fat, improved health-related fitness, and a positive effect on Blood Lipids in obese middle-aged women participating in the program. Thus, this program is strongly recommended to apply for obese middle-aged women. If exercise strength is gradually increased, effects will become clearer. Furthermore, this exercise will be effective for improving obesity growing in modern society. Also if obese middle-aged women regularly join physical activity, it will improve physical health, as well as physiological, and psychological health. Thus yoga and resistance exercise is good to recommend to many people. Further study should recruit more various subjects such as adolescents, middle-aged people, and old people and investigate their life habits, life styles, and dietary habits with detailed observation to examine the independent effects of yoga and resistance exercise.


Thermoelectric temperature sensor (1) having a thermoelectric element comprising a heat-resistant and mechanically flexible sheathed cable (2) with thermal conductors (2.3, 2.4), which at a measurement site to a temperature sensitive thermoplastic bead (2.5) are welded and at the measurement side of a protective element (6) are surrounded, characterized, in that - the outer pipe (2) comprises a tubular casing (2.1) with a tapered portion (2.2), the thermal conductor (2.3, 2.4) are formed as massive thermocouple wires and project out of the casing (2.1) and that within the casing pipe (2), a ceramic powder is (2.6) as an insulating means, - welding the sheathed cable (2) and the protective element (6) located on an at least one between the jacket pipe (2) and protective member (6) (9) covering the common support element (5) are surrounded, wherein the support element (5) force-fitting, material- - and / or form-fitting manner with the jacket pipe (2) and / or the protective element (6) is connected and - in the protective element (6) a formed ceramic shell element (7) is arranged, which is formed of high density boron nitride having a hexagonal or cubic crystal structure and a to the thermal bead (2.5) comprises corresponding recess (7.1) in which the thermal bead (2.5 ) protrudes, wherein said ceramic (in powder form into the recess 7.1) is introduced and the thermal bead (2.5) encloses.


The reason I checked out this paper is that I was trying to find out if he was an Irish Scot or a Scottish Scot not that there was any great difference between the two apart from j the Irish Sea, which was the superhighway of the time ' uniting a Gaelic cultural continuum. Walker inclines towards what seems now to be the accepted view, that he was probably Scottish, which is useful for me using his ideas in Scotland today.


W hen the U.S. government declared its "war on cancer" in 1971, viruses were considered to be among the most likely cancer-causing agents. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bethesda, Md., had a special program to screen tumor cells for the presence of virus particles, but, says current NCI head Vincent T DeVita, "it wasn't to be that simple." Despite expense and effort, no one was able to isolate a cancer virus from human tumor cells during that initial push; there arose "a lot of skepticism about viruses as a cause of cancer," DeVita says today. Some researchers dropped out of the field; others shifted their emphasis to basic virology research. "Out of that [shift] emerged the basic ability to isolate viruses that we didn't have in the beginning," says DeVita. "We're now back in the business of finding viruses [as a] cause of cancer," he said at the recent American Cancer Society's science writers' seminar in San Diego. Researchers there described virus-cancer connections ranging from epidemiological links coincident occurrences of a virus and a type of cancer in a given population -to direct laboratory observations of a virus transforming normal cells into cancerous ones. Viruses have been fingered in liver cancer, the most common cancer in the world; cervical cancer; Burkitt's lymphoma; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; and an adult T cell leukemia. But researchers are quick to caution that though these cancers are believed to be caused by viruses, they don't spread as easily as common viruses spread -for example, with a sneeze. "We have not found that kind of transmission of cancer viruses," says DeVita. "You need very intimate contact to spread the viruses that we know can be spread. None of it seems to be easy, thank God." Virus-associated cancers are more common in less developed nations, DeVita notes. Differences in hygiene may be one reason, he suggests, with individuals exposed at an earlier age, giving cancer viruses a longer time to act. The virus-associated cancers, which tend to occur earlier in life, also wind up representing a greater proportion of total cancers in these countries, possibly because people in less developed countries are more likely to die before getting the "old age" cancers like cancer of the urinary tract, bladder and gut wall.


This article will examine representations and practices of digital reading among readers of novels in connection with their reading "careers." It will draw on a qualitative study comprising thirty-six interviews with readers of novels. First, I present the positive representations associated with reading on ereaders, which are appreciated for their potential in terms of practicality. Next, I analyse obstacles to the development of digital reading: attachment to reading on paper; the need to own books; and the desire to display them. Finally, I study actual practices of reading on e-readers and examine the social causes that explain why the structure of reading practices is not affected by the use of digital technology, and thus, why not all readers participate in these new practices of reading.


The paper presents the medical records of an 11-year-old male dog, a short-haired Dachshund, who for seven years suffered as a result of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. In 1994 the patient was subjected to thyroidectomy due to the large size of the organ. Subsequently the dog was administered a synthetic analogue of vitamin D, dihydrotachysterol (Tachystin), and the calcium preparation, Calcium in sir. (comp.: Calcium gluconolactobionicum, Calcium lactobionicum). The therapy was conducted for 7 years - till the end of patient's life. During this period incidents of hypocalcemic tetany were noted (1-3 times a year). The primary reasons for them was vomiting, which restricted drug assimilation. The vomiting primarily resulted from pharyngitis or gastritis, while during the terminal period of the dog's life they were caused by the elevated level of serum urea.


In recent years, patterns and trends in outsourcing have remained rather consistent, and trends should be noted by decade rather than by year. Bankers are not quick to change strategic direction, but they are quick to purchase a new gadget or stand-alone technology. Outsourcing is a strategic direction, not a technological gadget, and from time to time, there are temporary industry and economic conditions which cause a moderate spike in the decision to outsource. Following is a characterization of how outsourcing looks in the banking industry, and where it is apt to be ten years from now. Size of the bank is a major factor Large banks do not typically outsource their core processing, and in my opinion, that won't change anytime soon. Of the top 85 banks in the U.S. (over $10 billion in assets), only 15 outsource their core applications. Technology is considered a major differentiator among the large banks. If a large bank were to outsource, it would look as if the bank was giving up its uniqueness, control, competitive advantage, and influence. The idea of "giving up" can be argued, of course, but perception is extremely strong in this debate. And certainly, one strong argument in favor of large banks keeping their work in-house is that there may not be an outsource company strong enough or big enough to handle the challenge. For example, the largest bank in the U.S. spends more money on technology than the top three bank outsource companies (Fiserv, Alltel and Metavante) generate in revenues. And because knowledge of banking and ownership of applications software are extremely important, it is unlikely that the generics (IBM G lobal Solutions, EDS, Computer Sciences Corp., or Accenture) would have an impact on large banks in the core applications arena. In the U.S., the only generic outsource company to contract core applications outsourcing with a large bank was CSC, when it created an alliance with JP Morgan under the name of Pinnacle. Now that JP Morgan is part of Chase, the uniqueness of that decision seems to be waning as Chase practices the in-house attitude of its peers. At the extreme other end of the size spectrum, very small banks (under $100 million) prefer easy-to-use in-house turnkey systems. The community bank group as a whole (up to $500 million in assets) is mixed, with 58% using in-house systems. The in-house approach is growing modestly each year as bankers embrace the idea that on-site technology is affordable, reliable, friendly and doesn't require expensive technicians on the bank's payroll. In the mid-tier category, in-house is strong at 66%, and, in my opinion, that's a mistake. Even though one might argue that current technology (hardware and software) is scalable to fit the need, when a bank exceeds the $500 million mark in assets, technology becomes more complex and bankers become more demanding in their quest for uniqueness, thus leaning towards custom solutions. This type of technology environment requires caring and feeding from technical staff as well as support employees. That raises the cost significantly which makes outsourcing look better. But bankers don't change quickly, and that's why outsourcing trends don't change quickly, regardless of reasoning and analysis. The next decade--how much change? First, I don't believe there is a right or wrong answer regarding the in-house/outsourcing debate. It's a matter of fit. Outsourcing is right for some banks, just like in-house is right for some banks. What is certain, however, is that very large banks will continue to use in-house systems, as detailed above, and nothing is going to change that. At the other end, very small banks will favor in-house systems also, but for entirely different reasons from the giants. Large and small in-house systems are as different as a Boeing 747 and a Piper Cub, but they each have their place. What's up for grabs is the tier in between, and that market consists of over 14,000 financial institutions, including credit unions. …


PURPOSE: An integrated quality management system of a vehicle production line is provided to supply a user interface which inputs process related information, thereby increasing task efficiency of the vehicle production line. CONSTITUTION: A quality management server(100) receives inspection information and modification information generated in a vehicle production line. A worker terminal(200) receives specification information corresponding to a predetermined process line from the quality management server. The worker terminal outputs the specification information through a specification information user interface. A touch screen(300) displays a user interface corresponding to a process selection button touched by a worker. [Reference numerals] (100) Quality management server; (200) Worker terminal; (300) Touch screen; (AA) Self process line; (BB) Coating process line; (CC) Designing process line


With the increase in the brilliance of synchrotron radiation sources, diffraction techniques have grown and expanded the scientific field of application. Surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) is one of the state-of-the-art techniques to determine the constellations of atoms on crystal surfaces including adsorbates, thin films, and relaxed layers. We briefly overview SXRD and review the recent advances over decades from both experimental and theoretical viewpoints, including fast observations and imaging surface atoms.


tive in civil rights activity and mass demonstrations as their predecessors were in the 1960s, it is not clear how much they differed in terms of their political ideas and attitudes. In this study we will focus on the shifts in political orientation among Black students in the 1980s so that we can get a clear and accurate description of the changes in their political views in that decade. To provide a background to interpret our findings, we will review the major political and economics events of the 1980s or the Reagan years.


The new Baiyun International Airport is set to open in Guangzhou, China, bringing with it the hopes that the new complex, which is four times the size of the old airport, will help lead to the creation of a significant aviation hub for Southeast Asia. The article describes the various components of the new airport, including both the tallest air traffic control tower and the largest MRO complex in China, By the time the final phase is completed in 2030, the new Baiyun airport will feature three runways, 130 gates, and be capable of handling 80 million passengers and 2.5 million tons of cargo annually.


Objective: To investigate the effects of tissue inhomogeneities on dose distributions produced by low-energy X-rays from an IntraBeam device used in intra-operative radiotherapy (IORT).
 Methods and materials: A 50 kV IntraBeam X-ray device with superficial (Flat and Surface) applicators has been recently commissioned at the Loyola University Medical Center in Maywood, Illinois (USA). For each applicator type, treatment dose parameters, such as, percent depth-dose (PDD) and output factors (OF) were obtained. Calibrated Gafchromic (EBT3) films (dose range, 0 to 4 Gy) were employed to obtain dose distributions in a solid water phantom at various depths (2, 5, 10, and 15 mm). All recommended precautions with respect to film-handling, film-exposure and scanning were observed. The effect of tissue inhomogeneities on dose distributions was examined by placing air-cavities and bone and tissue equivalent materials with different density (ρ), atomic number (Z), and thickness (t=0-4 mm) between the applicator and film detector. All inhomogeneities were cylindrical with a 25 mm diameter. Treatment time was calculated to deliver 1 Gy dose at 5 mm depth in a homogenous phantom. Film results were verified by repeat measurements with a thin-window parallel plate ion-chamber (PTW 34013A) placed in a water tank.
 Results: For a flat-4 cm applicator, the dose rate at 5 mm depth in solid water was measured to be 0.349 Gy/min. Introduction of a cylindrical air cavity resulted in an increased dose past the heterogeneity. Compared to dose in a homogenous tissue equivalent medium, dose enhancement due to 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm air cavities was found to be 10%, 16%, 24%, and 35% respectively. X-ray attenuation due to a 2 mm thick layer of cortical bone resulted in a significantly large dose decrease (58%) compared to homogenous conditions.
 Conclusions: IORT dose calculations assume a homogeneous tissue equivalent medium. However, the treatment conditions may involve the presence of various tissue inhomogeneities, thereby compromising delivered dose. We have investigated the effect of different density materials on dose distributions in IORT. The results of this study may be used to estimate and correct IORT dose delivered in the presence of tissue inhomogeneities.


Objective To study the edible oil intakes among Guangdong residents between 2002 and 2012 and to provide evidence for developing strategies to intervene their intake of edible oil. Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling,8 counties were selected from 1 large city,1 medium-sized and small city and 6 rural areas in 2002; 6 resident / village committees were randomly selected in each county and 30 households were then randomly sampled from each resident / village committee. Seven counties were selected from 2 large cities,3 medium-sized and small cities and 2 rural areas; 6 resident / village committees were randomly selected in each county and 30 households were then randomly sampled from each resident / village committee in 2012. Family members aged 2 years and over were interviewed adopting the method of questionnaires and dietary surveys. Contents of the questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics and economic income of the participants. The gravimetric method was used for dietary surveys. Data of the surveys were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 4 801 residents( 2 408 males and 2 394 females) and 3 222 residents( 1 466 males and 1 756 females) aged 2 years and over were investigated in 2002 and 2012,respectively. The average daily edible oil intakes were 31. 2,33. 1,and 33. 8 g in 2002,and 43. 7,32. 1,and 32. 0 g in 2012 for residents in large, medium-sized and small cities,and rural areas in Guangdong,respectively. Percentages of edible oil daily intake per person were 21. 5%( 117 /544),24. 8%( 129 /521),and 39. 7%( 1 483 /3 736) in 2002,and 35. 1%( 279 /795),24. 8%( 374 /1 509),and 29. 1%( 267 /918) in 2012,respectively,for residents in large,medium-sized and small cities,and rural areas,exceeding the Recommended Daily Allowances( RDA) of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents. The percentage of residents whose edible oil intakes exceeded RDA to the total number of survey population was significantly decreased from 36. 0%( 1 729/4 801) in 2002 to 28. 6%( 920/3 222) in 2012( P 0. 01). The differences of percentages exceeding RDA for edible oil intakes were statistically significant in three areas in 2002( P 0. 01),of which the percentage in rural areas was all higher than the ones in the large,medium-sized and small cities( all P 0. 01). The differences of percentages exceeding RDA for edible oil intakes were statistically significant in three areas in 2012( P 0. 01),of which the percentage in large cities was higher than the ones in medium-sized and small cities and rural areas( all P 0. 01). Conclusion Compared with 2002,the percentage of exceeding RDA for edible oil intakes was decreased in 2012. However,the health education still needs to be strengthened.


Abstract. Opena JM, Maramag CL, Alicay CB, Baloloy MV, Gaspar CA, Jr Pacris FA, Torres JS, Sumer LB, Bayani GU, Sotto RC. 2021. Biological and environmental profiling of three Philippine Tetrastigma species (Vitaceae) in northeastern Cagayan, Luzon, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 2956-2970. Tetrastigma species have considerable attention because of their medicinal importance, but little is known about these Philippine species. This study provides information on the biological (morphological, phytochemicals, nutritional, antimicrobial characterization) and environmental (diversity, distribution, growing environment, soil characteristics) profiles of the three Philippine Tetrastigma species namely, Tetrastigma ellipticum Merr., Tetrastigma harmandii Planch., and Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep. Tetrastigma harmandii growing in various habitats were widely distributed throughout northeastern Cagayan, while T. ellipticum and T. loheri were found only in the mountain forests of the northernmost part of northeastern Cagayan. Tetrastigma ellipticum was found only in Mt. Cagua forests and volcano, while T. loheri was found growing in the forests of Palaui Island, Buwacag mountain, and Mt. Cagua. Most of the plant species growing within the Tetrastigma environments were native and endemic trees. Mountain species of Tetrastigma (T. ellipticum and T. loheri) grew in extremely acidic soils with high organic matter content. More secondary metabolites were detected in T. ellipticum, which was the only species among the three Tetrastigma species to contain alkaloids, flavonoids, and anthocyanin. Saponins were detected only in T. harmandii. Steroids were not detected in the three species. Moreover, T. harmandii was the only species to have an antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus and a slight inhibiting activity against Klebsiella aerogenes. Between the two edible Tetrastigma species, T. harmandii contains more macronutrients and micronutrients, while T. loheri contains higher crude protein, crude fat, and crude fiber.


Lack of specific antidotes is a major concern in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) related to direct anticoagulants including dabigatran (OAC‐ICH). We examined the efficacy of idarucizumab, an antibody fragment binding to dabigatran, in a mouse model of OAC‐ICH. Dabigatran etexilate (DE) dose‐dependently prolonged diluted thrombin time and tail‐vein bleeding time, which were reversed by idarucizumab. Pretreatment with DE increased intracerebral hematoma volume and cerebral hemoglobin content. Idarucizumab in equimolar dose prevented excess hematoma expansion for both DE doses. In more extensive ICH, idarucizumab significantly reduced mortality. Thus, idarucizumab prevents excess intracerebral hematoma formation in mice anticoagulated with dabigatran and reduces mortality. Ann Neurol 2015;78:137–141


The tax incidence of different price-point instant lottery games is examined. Theoretical reasons exist for expecting higher-priced instant lottery games to be less regressive than lower-priced instant games. Using game-level data from a sample of states, the empirical results show that higher-priced instant games are significantly less regressive than lower-priced games. For some games, regressivity is rejected in favor of proportionality. In addition, the tax incidence of individual instant games is quite different than that for all instant games combined. This suggests that large differences in individual instant-game tax incidence are masked if aggregated sales data are used.


Intrinsic molecular subtypes may explain marked variation between bladder cancer patients in prognosis and response to therapy. Complex testing algorithms and little attention to more prevalent, early‐stage (non‐muscle invasive) bladder cancers (NMIBCs) have hindered implementation of subtyping in clinical practice. Here, using a three‐antibody immunohistochemistry (IHC) algorithm, we identify the diagnostic and prognostic associations of well‐validated proteomic features of basal and luminal subtypes in NMIBC. By IHC, we divided 481 NMIBCs into basal (GATA3−/KRT5+) and luminal (GATA3+/KRT5 variable) subtypes. We further divided the luminal subtype into URO (p16 low), URO‐KRT5+ (KRT5+), and genomically unstable (GU) (p16 high) subtypes. Expression thresholds were confirmed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering. Subtypes were correlated with pathology and outcomes. All NMIBC cases clustered into the basal/squamous (basal) or one of the three luminal (URO, URO‐KRT5+, and GU) subtypes. Although uncommon in this NMIBC cohort, basal tumors (3%, n = 16) had dramatically higher grade (100%, n = 16, odds ratio [OR] = 13, relative risk = 3.25) and stage, and rapid progression to muscle invasion (median progression‐free survival = 35.4 months, p = 0.0001). URO, the most common subtype (46%, n = 220), showed rapid recurrence (median recurrence‐free survival [RFS] = 11.5 months, p = 0.039) compared to its GU counterpart (29%, n = 137, median RFS = 16.9 months), even in patients who received intravesical immunotherapy (p = 0.049). URO‐KRT5+ tumors (22%, n = 108) were typically low grade (66%, n = 71, OR = 3.7) and recurred slowly (median RFS = 38.7 months). Therefore, a simple immunohistochemical algorithm can identify clinically relevant molecular subtypes of NMIBC. In routine clinical practice, this three‐antibody algorithm may help clarify diagnostic dilemmas and optimize surveillance and treatment strategies for patients.


In this article, the effect of transition from traditional industrial societies to "Industry 4.0" and the effects of the turns on the skill transformations of the workforce are examined comparatively. Within the context of the historical background of the industrial revolutions, the paradigms that have changed within the framework of the industrial societies and trigger the transformation of the quality of the workforce have been discussed. Looking at the historical background of the industrial transformation, it is seen that there are witnesses to the big waves of change that have made this transformation or expressed as a turning point. In fact, these transformations and milestones are key waves according to some authors, while they are vanishing ahead of themselves, and according to some authors, conversions are said to be complementary parts. The fourth wave of industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) has an impact not only on labor markets, but also on social changes. Therefore, the first, second, third and fourth industrial revolutions we witnessed today have had important social, economic, cultural and political implications. Particularly, the reflections of the transformations within the scope of Industry 4.0 on the labor market in the future will be striking.In this article, firstly, the historical process of industrial revolutions is discussed. In this context, the structure of business organizations and changing employment has been examined. On the other hand, the impact of industrial revolutions on workforce skills and the impact of Industry 4.0 on workforce skills are discussed.


Polynomials eigenvalue problems with structured matrix polynomials arise in many applications. The standard way to solve polynomial eigenvalue problems is through the classical Frobenius companion linearizations, which may not retain the structure of the matrix polynomial. Particularly, the structure of the symmetric matrix polynomials can be lost, while from the computational point of view, it is advisable to construct a linearization which preserves the symmetry structure. Recently, new families of block-Kronecker pencils have been introduced in [5]. Applying block-Kronecker pencils, we present structure-preserving strong linearizations for symmetric matrix polynomials. When the matrix polynomial has an odd degree, these linearizations are strong regardless of whether the matrix polynomial is regular or singular. Additionally, we construct structure-preserving strong linearizations for regular symmetric matrix polynomials of even degree under some simple nonsingularity conditions.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the influence of managers' leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez‐faire) on both the level and the nature of workplace conflicts (cognitive and relational in nature).Design/methodology/approach – Data are collected from hospital employees in Canada. A total of 1,031 completed questionnaires are received, representing a response rate of 46 percent. The hypothesis is tested using confirmatory factor analyses and multiple regressions.Findings – The results indicate that the two conflict dimensions do not derive completely from the same mechanisms, since only two out of the eight leadership dimensions evaluated influence both cognitive and relational conflicts. On the one hand, inspirational motivation has a negative impact on cognitive conflicts while intellectual stimulation and passive management by exception seem to foster it. On the other hand, inspirational motivation and individualized consideration negatively influence relation...


The human major histocompatibility complex class II isotype HLA‐DR is currently used as an activation marker for T cells. However, whether an endogenous protein expression or a molecular acquisition accounts for the presence of HLA‐DR on T cells remains undetermined and still controversial. To further characterize this phenomenon, we compared several aspects of the presence of the HLA‐DR protein to the presence of associated mRNA (HLA‐DRB1), focusing on human T cells from peripheral blood of healthy individuals. Using a flow cytometric approach, we determined that the HLA‐DR observed on CD4+ T cells was almost exclusively cell surface‐associated, while for autologous CD19+ B cells, the protein could be located in the plasma membrane as well as in the cytoplasm. Moreover, negligible expression levels of HLA‐DRB1 were found in CD4+ T cells, using an HLA‐DRB1 allele‐specific qPCR assay. Finally, the presence of HLA‐DR was not confined to activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as evaluated by the co‐expression of CD25. The functional role of the HLA‐DR molecule on T cells remains enigmatic; however, this study presents evidence of fundamental differences for the presence of HLA‐DR on T cells from HLA‐DR in the context of antigen‐presenting cells, which is a well‐known phenomenon. Although an inducible endogenous protein expression cannot be excluded for the T cells, our findings suggest that a re‐evaluation of the HLA‐DR as a T cells activation marker is warranted.


This Stone is represented Fig. 1. and is said to be taken out of the Bladder of one Francis Dugood of Auchenhove in Aberdeen.


An intercooler is a type of heat exchanger used to cool the air which has been compressed by turbocharger. The temperature at the intercooler increases as more compressed hot air enters from the turbocharger. Factors such as engine heat and weather condition hinder the efficiency and power output. The objective of this study was to design and develop an intercooler cooling system operating autonomously. This system senses temperature changes at the intercooler and spray water or any diluted solution with varying enthalpy of vaporization and thermal capacity over the intercooler when the outlet temperature is high. The system developed was powered by Arduino Uno microcontroller that gathers data from the temperature sensor and triggers the spraying mechanism when required automatically. The results show that spray cooling had significant impact as the efficiency improved from 56.52% to an outstanding efficiency of 89.70% by spraying tap water. Even the lowest possible efficiency of an intercooler with the combination of spray mechanism was 87.69% using distilled water, which was over 50% more efficient than the ordinary intercooler without the spray cooling unit. Conclusively, this newly designed portable plug-and-play intercooler spray unit would be beneficial in increasing the performance of the intercooler by improving the heat exchange capacity of the unit. For future studies, other types of solutions could be investigated as the intercooler spray.


The reform of trial style is one part of the reform of judicial system in China. The debating court trial is a new trial style compared to the traditional questioning trial. This paper discussed the attestation,checking and their operating methods in debating court trials of administrative lawsuits.


A total of 26 185 non-redundant EST sequences were obtained from 47 913 sequences by redundant analysis from NCBI. 8 244 EST-SSR presenting in 6 283 EST out of the non-redundant sequences with one EST-SSR in every 1.52 kb of EST sequence on average. The major types were mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats accounting for 97.83% of all the SSR. A / T, AG / CT and AAG / CTT were the dominating motifs accounting for 92.99%, 85.11% and 26.99% in mononucleotide, dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats, respectively. 76 pairs of SSR primers were designed with Primer 5.0. 59 primer pairs can be amplified with clear band and 34 primer pairs are polymorphic. The proportion of primers producing polymorphic fragments was 57.63%. The results showed that the microsatellites screened were useful for the further study.


To improve the precision accuracy of short-term traffic flow and make traffic flow programming and management more accurately, a novel short-term traffic flow prediction method based on similarity is introduced. The similarity of single point traffic flow on California expressway of America is studied by using the method on time scale. It is found that the similarity of the same "day of the week"is larger than that of adjacent days. Based on this fact,the wavelet neural network model is established,4 traffic flow data of the same "day of the week"and the traffic flow data of 4 adjacent days are divided into 2 groups respectively.Then,more than 200 groups of data are used to train the wavelet neural network respectively,and the traffic flow on the same day is predicted. The result indicates that( 1) MRE and MSPE values of the former are lower than those of the latter,while the EC value of the former is higher than that of the latter,which means the prediction accuracy of the former method is higher than that of the latter,and the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.


Graph models can represent a variety of data types such as social media, cyber business and security, web, urban networks, and more. They are extensively studied and widely used in data management, mining, and analysis in many important application areas. On the other hand, graph visualization has been a major topic in information visualization to manifest graph structure and features for effective and intuitive data exploration. In this thesis, we present a set of visual analytics solutions for several important applications by integrating graph models with visualization tools, including the visualization systems of urban trajectory data, text stream data, and categorical data. Our approaches utilize graphs to abstract and manage various data, to discover hidden knowledge with graph algorithms, and to help users gain insights from graph-based visualizations and interaction. Our research widens the horizon and enhances the capability of visual analytics methodologies. First, we propose a new visual analytics method, TrajGraph, for studying urban mobility patterns. In particular, a graph model represents taxi trajectories traveling over road networks. Then graph computation is applied to identify graph centralities that find the time varying hubs and backbones of road networks from massive taxi trajectories. The graph is further visualized and interacted for users to explore the important roles of city streets and regions. Second, we employed a parallel-graph model to enhance visual analytics of the largescale urban trajectory datasets. Specifically, we designed a novel, scalable parallel-graph model for trajectory data management. It supports fast computation over various information queries in distributed environments. A new visualization tool that allows users to get statistics information, and relationship of cars and roads in the big trajectory data by employing the functionalities of the parallel-graph model. Third, we develop a dynamic visualization system to tell city stories extracted from massive city news. A news stream is rendered by gradually evolving animated visualization aimed to help users observe and understand the dynamical topics, events and trends of cities. An incremental clustering scheme is developed over an evolving graph consisting of the streaming news. The clusters are visualized based on text summarization so that users can easily explore salient and changing focuses of the text stream. Finally, we optimize the parallel set visualization of large categorical datasets by applying the graph algorithm of the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The graph represents visual layouts with different orders of parallel coordinates. The graph edge weights are defined as the mutual information computed from categorical datasets. We modify the minimization optimization to a maximization solution of the sum of mutual information to create optimal ordering and visual results.


The invention relates to a maintenance-free respirator device applied to oil-filled electrical equipment and an operation method. The maintenance-free respirator device comprises a breather tank, wherein the breather tank is filled with a drying agent; a longitudinal breathing pipe and a helical electric heating assembly are arranged in the breather tank; the helical electric heating assembly is encircled on the peripheral part of the breathing pipe; the upper end and the lower end of the breathing pipe respectively penetrate out of the breather tank; a first electromagnetic valve is arranged at the upper end, which penetrates out of the breather tank, of the breathing pipe; a breathing pipe seal plate which is connected through a first spring resetting assembly is arranged at the lower end, which penetrates out of the breathing pipe, of the breather tank; a plurality of air guide holes are formed in the upper part, in the breather tank, of the breathing pipe at intervals; a vacuum supply pipe is arranged at the upper part of the breather tank in a penetrating manner; and the lower end of the vacuum supply pipe is connected with a vacuum supply pump which is used for extracting water vapor which is generated by heating the drying agent in the breather tank after moisture absorption in a saturation state through a second electromagnetic valve. The respirator device is compact in structure; the drying agent can be rapidly dried after moisture absorption in the saturation state; and meanwhile, the operation method is simple.


6. Lyon CC, Smith AJ, Beck MH, Wong GA, Griffiths CE. Parastomal pyoderma gangrenosum: clinical features and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:992--1002. 7. Funayama Y, Kumagai E, Takahashi K, Fukushima K, Sasaki I. Early diagnosis and early corticosteroid administration improves healing of peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum in inflammatory bowel disease. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52:311--4. 8. Cerdán J, Cantero R, Martínez S, García C, Torres-Melero J, Balibrea JL. Pyoderma gangrenosum at the colostomy site in a patient with Crohn's disease. Coloproctology. 1994;16:407--10. 9. Cerdan-Santacruz C, Caparrós-Sanz MR, Lancharro-Bermúdez M, Mendoza-Hernández JL, Cerdán-Miguel J. Peri-ileostomy pyoderma gangrenosum. Case report. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2014;106:285--8. 10. Brown ER, Charles KA, Hoare SA, Rye L, Jodrell DI, Aird RE, et al. A clinical study assessing the tolerability and biological effects of infliximab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor in patients with advanced cancer. Ann Oncol. 2008;19:1340--6.


Objective To discuss cerebral MRI features of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Materials and Methods Plain and enhanced MRI scanning was performed in 9 cases with ADEM within one month after the patient developed clinical symptoms. Using SE or FSE sequences, axial, sagittal and coronal scanning was accomplished. Results (1) The lesions were mainly located in cerebral white matter, with semiovale centrum and the white matter by lateral ventricles being involved in 9 cases. (2) In hemisphere, the lesions were multiple and unevenly distributed. "Perpendicular sign" by lateral ventricle was seen in 4 cases. (3) The lesions were manifested as irregular patchy with spotted shadow ( n = 8), or mainly spotted shadow (n = 1). (4) The lesions were presented as low signal on T1WI and high signal on T2WI. (5) After injection of Gd-DTPA, marked enhancement was seen in 7 cases, presenting as ring-shaped ( n = 4) or spotted ( n = 3) enhancement. The remaining two cases showed no enhancement. (6) Perifocal edema was seen in 4 cases during acute stage, 2 of which showed space-occupying effect. Conclusion ADEM carries certain characteristics on MRI. MRI is of great value in its diagnosis.


This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of copper bearing Egyptian bentonite (Cu-BNT) on the growth of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (in vitro). Also, the effect of Cu-BNT on growing rabbit performance and intestinal microflora (in vivo). Sixty weanling New Zealand White (NZW) male rabbits with average body weight of 625 ± 20g were randomly assigned to 5 groups (12 rabbits in each). The 1 st group was fed basal diet as control, the 2 nd - 5 th test groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.003% Cu, 0.15% bentonite (BNT), 0.003% Cu + 0.15% BNT and 0.15% Cu-BNT (the copper concentration in Cu-BNT compound was 2%, the copper in Cu-BNT diet was 2 x 0.15/100 = 0.003%), respectively for 7 weeks. Obtained results revealed that all additives inhibit significantly the growth of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and the best results were obtained with addition of Cu-BNT and Cu + BNT. In addition, Cu-BNT supplementation increased significantly daily body weight gain, feed conversion, digestability of nutrients & nutritive values and economical efficiency. Also, the intestinal pathogenic bacteria (E. coli) decreased significantly and the beneficial bacteria spore former and lactic acid bacteria increased significantly by Cu-BNT addition compared with control. The other additives (Cu, BNT, BNT+Cu) insignificantly improved rabbit performance. In conclusion, indicated that Cu-BNT can be used as practicale, safe and cheap feed additive for improving rabbit performance, microflora of intestine and economical efficiency.


Fish normally accumulates heavy metals from food, water, and sediments, which can be harmful to human health. In the present study, levels of Pb, Hg and Cd; relationships with size; and seasonal variation in six aquaculture commodities mud crab, Scylla serrata; milkfish, Chanos chanos; green mussel, Perna viridis; oyster, Crassostrea iridalei; shrimp, Penaeus spp.; and tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus from Manila Bay fish landing sites were determined. Homogenized flesh samples were subjected to microwave-assisted digestion in a mixed solution of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide before analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. All commodities passed the regulatory limit set by Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Fisheries Administrative Order 210s 2001 and European Commission 1881/2006 for Pb and Cd. In contrary, 2.04% O. niloticus from Hagonoy, Bulacan and Navotas City and 5.00% Penaeus spp. from Guagua, Pampanga and Obando, Bulacan exceeded the limit for Hg. Significant negative relationships were found between Cd concentration and fish size in C. chanos and P. viridis, while significant positive correlations were observed between Pb and fish length in O. niloticus and S. serrata; Hg and fish length in P. viridis; and Cd and fish weight in Penaeus spp. Aquaculture commodities were observed to have a significantly higher level of accumulation during the wet season. Results indicate that metal concentration varies among aquaculture commodities, landing sites, and season of catch. Thus, there is a need for risk assessment and regular monitoring for the said commodities.


In recent decades food has seen a resurgence in its capacity as a cultural catalyst. A food-centric popular culture has seen the revival of local cuisines, the glorification of chefs, and the celebration of sustainable ingredients, not to mention the flood of cooking blogs, culinary television shows, and restaurants upholding the virtues of food. This food-as-culture movement has been paired with the idea that alternative food systems, namely, the organic-local production system can be a vehicle for substantive societal change. In this sense, it appears food has been invested with ideas of equality, social exchange, progress, and democratization; and, to participate, all we must do as consumers is eat it. Interestingly, we are also living in a food choice environment where there is much room for anxiety, fear, and confusion. Food scares spread fears, while conflicting or opaque nutritional information on " good " foods and " bad " foods create a dubious foodscape to navigate. How do these two conceptions of modern food coexist? Examining some of the spaces within food's journey from farm-to-table may shed light on this apparent inconsistency. From its beginnings in the earth to its arrival at our tables, food is operated on by various actors and trends. These actors and trends influence what we see on the shelves and the construction of what we value as " good " food and what we dismiss as " bad " food. One such space within this farm-to-table trajectory is central to our food acquisition and a key hub in this transformation process: the grocery store. The modern supermarket represents more than just an array of product choices, and further, the food stocking the shelves does not remain in its simple identity – in other words, an apple as an apple – or function as mere caloric value. Rather, prior to and upon entering this space, food evolves in a more profound, constructed sense, taking on an identity that can


In this work baryon systems made of three hadrons which contain one nucleon and one D meson, and in addition another meson, D̄, K or K̄, are investigated using the Fixed Center Approximation to the Faddeev equations. In this work we use Λc(2595), X(3700) and D*s0(2317) bound states as a cluster and a third particle scattering form that clusters. In all cases we find bound states and quasibound states.


Abstract The European Union (EU) has set an ambitious goal to achieve a carbon neutral society by 2050. In response, several EU member states, including Lithuania, pledged to achieve 100% renewables in the final energy consumption. The main ways of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the energy sector are (1) the energy efficiency improvement and (2) the use of renewable energy sources (RES). Although many policies and measures were implemented to promote a fast penetration of renewables, especially in the supply sector, there is a massive GHG emissions reduction potential in households. However, there are several social and behavioral barriers hampering a fast penetration of renewables into households. Therefore, new well-targeted policies are necessary to overcome these barriers. The community based social marketing (CBSM) can be applied to promote GHG emissions reduction in households through behavioral changes. This paper evaluates the carbon emissions reduction potential at the household level driven by CBSM. The research is conducted in the Kaunas district municipality in Lithuania, having quantitative and qualitative components. The results show that ~20% energy could be saved in households through behavioral changes initiated by CBSM; and that it is possible to achieve significant GHG emissions reduction, save energy and money without making any major investments in households. The average realistically achievable GHG emissions reduction potential for one Lithuanian household is ~500 kg CO2 equivalent per year. These results can be used to roughly assess the energy saving and GHG emissions reduction potential of all Lithuanian households due to behavioral changes. This study also shows that the main obstacles to behavioral changes in households (after the implementation of intervention measures) are: lack of knowledge, lack of trust in information sources, inertia, values, etc.


The linear wave theory according to Airy-Laplace (1842), which has so far mainly been used by engineers, is on the one hand limited to the assumption of a flat sea bed and on the other hand violates the law of conservation of mass (continuity condition). This is no longer the case with the author's new approach, which involves an extension of the mirroring procedure referred to on level ground by Schulejkin (1956). The extension by the author now refers to ground inclinations 00 ≤ α ≤ 900. According to this approach, the deep-water waves characterized by circular orbital movements, interfere with likewise circular orbital movements of smaller diameter, which are assigned to the waves exponentially reduced reflected from the inclined sea bottom. Considering the phase jump Δφ = π 2α (Büsching 2019) between incident and reflected waves, depending on the inclination α of the sea ground, elliptical orbital paths are formed. The long main axes of the ellipses are parallel to the seabed angle of inclination α. With increasing approach to the bottom on the one hand, and to the intersection IP (of the slope inclination with the still water level) on the other, the long axes of the ellipses increase at the expense of the short axes until the latter disappear completely on the bottom. For this purpose, the local long axes assume the double amount of the initial orbital circle diameter and in the wave cycle there is carried out a linearly polarized particle oscillations, cf. figure.


Modular, passive and static metasurfaces are employed for the realization of a smart electromagnetic skin, a device embedded in the facade of buildings aimed at improving the communication performances through the intelligent reflection of the signal towards otherwise "blind" areas. The proposed design methodology considers an admissible surface area on the building facade and divides it into tiles (i.e., the minimal sized building blocks of the smart skin). A binary multi-objective genetic algorithm is then paired to the analytical model of the smart skin to optimize its layout (i.e., the tiles position and number), in order to satisfy a desired field threshold inside specific areas under consideration in the urban scenario. The final result is a Modular Reflecting Smart-Skin (MRSS) design methodology capable of providing an entire set of solutions, each one offering a trade-off between the complexity of the MRSS and the coverage of the blind area.


The application of adaptive Kalman filter technique in inertial navigtion system is studied in this paper.In case of the noise statistic characteristic being unknown or not completely known,there would exist a large error in estimating state using conventional Kalman filter,even made the filter diverge. However,adaptive Kalman filter can,at the same time of estimating state,estimate the statistic characteristic of noise online using observation information.Therefore the design of the filter can be continuously improved and the obtained estimation using adaptive Kalman filter possessed higher accuracy compared with that of conventional Kalman filter.The paper gives the simulation of initial alignment,which adopted Sage Husa adaptive Kalman filter algorithm.The validity of the proposed means is proved by the simulation result.


The application of the precoding technique to turbo codes is investigated, resulting in a new class of turbo-like codes named precoded turbo codes. The introduction of a precoder provides a degree of freedom for code optimisation. As a result, an optimised rate-1/2 precoded turbo code with a threshold of 0.28 dB is designed using the EXIT chart.


Animal trials of the Kyoto-NTN Magnetically Suspended Centrifugal Blood Pump (MSCP) showed that hemolysis and thrombosis were prevalent in the clearance gaps between the impeller shroud surfaces and pump casing. This paper presents the measurement of the velocity in the clearance gap of a 5:1 model of the pump. The velocity vector distributions show that the double volute design of the pump, especially the splitter plate that started at θ = 180 has created a washout mechanism in the clearance gap. These have suggested that hemolysis and thrombus formations are minimal and hence the pump is able to function nominally efficient as compared to other centrifugal pumps. Introduction Centrifugal pump is widely used as ventricle assist device because of its simpler design and ease of handling. The centrifugal blood pump for present study is an extension of the research group at Kyoto University, Japan. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the centrifugal blood pump that have been investigated in this study which was developed by Kyoto University since 1989 [1,2]. The MSCP has shown its superiority over other heart pumps. However, significant hemolysis and thrombosis have been revealed prevalent in the 0.2 mm clearance gap between the impeller and the pump casing in vivo testing [3]. The objective of this study is thus to present the gap velocity measurements in the clearance gap. With the velocity distributions, a better and more detail observation of the flow field in the gap can be achieved and therefore the mechanism of thrombus formation and hemolysis can be understood. However, it is difficult and nearly impossible to measure the velocity inside the 0.2 mm gap. In order to have the measurements in the gap made efficiently, modifications on the pump are needed. By applying dimensional analysis and pump similarity law, the prototype was scaled up 5 times, increasing the gap from 0.2mm to 1mm [4]. Air was used as the fluid medium in this preliminary study and the tangential (v) and radial (u) velocity measurements were done by the hot wire anemometer. Meth To volu front is al acro radiu meas


Abstract A number of analyses relating to prediction of instantaneous particles position in a gradient solution, gradient capacity and stability in isopycnic banding, ideal number of septa in a zonal rotor, and an optimal density gradient solution for a velocity-sedimentation, etc. has been studied. The purpose of this review is to summarize the present status in analyses and operations of zonal centrifugation and to indicate the introduction of newer techniques which may open up a large number of separation methods by zonal centrifuges.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with impaired mechanical function of the atria. The restoration of sinus rhythm (SR) leads to improvement of mechanics, however the onset of those changes is not established yet.

 To analyse changes in left atrial (LA) mechanical function after conversion to SR.

 Forty patients (mean age 65 ± 12 years, 63% male) with nonvalvular AF underwent successful electrical cardioversion. Transthoracic echocardiography with speckle tracking analysis (STE) of LA was performed in AF and within 24 hours after cardioversion, in SR. We analysed standard parameters of left ventricle (LV) and LA. By the use of STE we assessed peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS), time to PALS indexed to RR interval (TT-PALS/RR) and intra-atrial asynchrony.

 Heart rate during echocardiography was higher before cardioversion - median (IQR) 90 beats per minute (80-110) vs 61 (56-72); p < 0.0001. The mean LV ejection fraction in our study group was 48 ± 11%. We noticed significant improvement in LA STE measurements and in early diastolic (E') mitral annular velocity. There were no significant changes in systolic (S') mitral annular velocity and in the ratio of transmitral Doppler early filling velocity to E' (E/E'). Detailed results are present in the table.

 Speckle tracking measurements are able to detect early mechanical changes in LA even within 24 hours of SR.
 Atrial fibrillation Sinus rhythm p S" (cm/s) 6 (5-6.5) 6 (5-6.6) NS E" (cm/s) 10 (7.5-13) 9.5 (6.8-10.5) 0.0008 E/E" 8.2 (6.3-12.3) 9.3 (7.5-13) NS PALS (%) 9.9 ± 4.6 14.5 ± 6 <0.0001 TTP-PALS/RR (%) 51 (44-58) 42 (38-45) 0.0001 LA asynchrony 15 (11-19) 9 (8-14) 0.0007


1. A process for preparing nanoscale graphene plates, which comprises: a) bringing into contact a graphite material with molecular or atomic oxygen, or a material capable of releasing molecular or atomic oxygen, to obtain a precursor consisting of a graphite material, functionalized with oxygen groups (PCG), characterized molar ratio of carbon / oxygen is greater than 8: 1, b) a subsequent chemical or physical recovery of said precursor to obtain a PCG nanoscale graphene x platelets differing molar ratio of carbon / oxygen is more than 20: 1.2. A process for preparing nanoscale graphene plates according to claim 1, wherein: a) said graphite material functionalized with oxygen groups (PCG), characterized by a molar ratio of carbon / oxygen is greater than 10: 1 and b) said nanoscale graphene plates differ molar ratio of carbon / oxygen of more than 50 1.3. A process for preparing nanoscale graphene plates according to claim 1, wherein the substance capable of releasing molecular or atomic oxygen, is ozon.4. A process for preparing nanoscale graphene plates according to claim 1, wherein the substance which is contacted graphite material is kislorod.5. A process for preparing nanoscale graphene plates according to claim 1, wherein the atomic or molecular oxygen or a substance capable of releasing molecular or atomic oxygen, includes water in liquid or gaseous state in an amount up to 50 vol.%. 6. A process for preparing nanoscale graphene plates according to claim 1, wherein said contacting occurs at a temperature from -200 to 600 ° C


Composite structures are integrated by welding, and includes a plurality of layers of various materials which are to be compacted simultaneously. Method is that the speed of sound density and elastic modulus of the various layers to be changed corresponding to the time of entry of the composite structure the composition is adapted shape, the condition and temperature. Shock wave is applied to one or both sides. This shock wave is decomposed into harmonic vibrations which can be added, resulting a concentration of energy in the individual boundaries, to ensure coupling between the internal and the layer of the layer.


Red Okra (A. caillei) is one of horticultural products that is very important in the fulfillment of community nutrition. Okra plants will flourish if fertilized using the appropriate fertilizer and in accordance with the optimal plant requiremens. The high price of fertilizer leads to reduced yields and the quality of products produced. The coping solution is using liquid organic fertilizer from kepok banana weevil (M. acuminate). This research aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer kepok banana weevil (M. acuminate) to red okra plants (A. caillei) and determine the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer kepok banana weevil which is the best for the growth of red okra plants. The research type is quantitave research with experimental design model. The experiment was conducted 20 samples of red okra plants consisting of 3treatments and 1 control with each 5 replicates of treatment differentiated by the application of liquid organic fertilizer kepok banana weevil with different concentration that is 10, 20, and 30. The parameters observed were stem height and number of leaves. The data obtained were analyzed using One WayAnova test and Duncan test. The result show that the application of liquid organic fertilizer kepok banana weevil effect on the growth of red okra leaf number, but did not effect on the growth of red okra stem. Liquid oraginc fertilizer kepok banana weevil at 30 concentration can increase the height of red okra plants and increase the growth of red okra leaf number.


This article analyses the Italian philosopher and anthropologist Ernesto De Martino's The Land of Remorse from a philosophical viewpoint. After having presented the main Demartinian concepts (e.g. 'presence' and 'crisis of presence') and examined the phenomenon of 'tarantism' (that is a magical-religious ritual practiced in southern Italy), the author interprets 'ritual symbols' as useful 'fictions,' which permit to resolve the problem of 'indeterminacy' (that refers to vague objects and unknown events), and rescue the human Self from psychological and existential crisis.


Optoacoustic tomography, which maps the distribution of the optical absorption within biological tissues by use of time-resolved laser-induced ultrasonic signals, is attracting increasing interests in biomedical imaging. As a hybrid imaging technique, it takes the advantages of both optical and ultrasonic techniques in that the tomography image has the optical contrast similar to the optical techniques while enjoying the high spatial resolution comparable to the ultrasound. In theories, this technique can image the objects embedded several centimeters deep within targets with a resolution of several tens of microns. In this paper, the current-state-of-the-art time-resolved optoacoustic tomography in biomedical imaging is reviewed. This paper consists of four sections: principles of optoacoustic tomography, signal acquisition and process, recent progress and advance, and problems and outlooks for the technique.


This research investigated cognitive reading strategies used among university students for both efficient and inefficient readers, in southern Thailand. The study was conducted at two government universities. The data were collected through two research instruments: questionnaires and interviews. The questionnaires were distributed to 377 university students in March 2015 and the semi-structured interviews were implemented with 20 students, 10 efficient and 10 inefficient readers, afterward to accompany the quantitative data. The results from the questionnaire were analyzed and presented based on their descriptive statistics. The results revealed the percentages of cognitive reading strategies used between the two reading groups, also an independent t-test to check if there was any significant difference between efficient and inefficient readers on their strategy use. Next, the quantitative data were accompanied with discussion and explanation from the interview data. The findings verified that efficient readers tend to employ more strategies than inefficient readers when they read. Nevertheless, both reading groups were found to lack the same strategy: summary writing, which is believed to be another important cognitive reading strategy that could enhance students' reading comprehension. Therefore, this study urges the integration of reading strategies in the classroom as an intervention for students to understand and use with English readings texts.


Objectives : The therapeutic approach for a patient with alcohol dependence should match the patient's characteristics, determined before treatment initiation. However, most services provided for...


true as a category of knowledge. The true that is not connected with the good and justice, is not being regarded as the truth". And further: "Meanwhile the Truth – the true in its journalistic manifestation – is not a collection of information on the world; it is a disclosing of representation about the world" (Mansurova, 2002, p. 146, 147). Thus, deontology can and, in our opinion, should be developed as a complex of ideas with its own internal hierarchy and in the close union with other directions of research thinking. Without taking into account deontological principles the journalistic science will appear in the impoverished form. First of all it concerns the moral-outlook parties of the theory.


The aim of this essay is to examine the mandatory preparation of government business in Chapter 7, Article 2 Instrument of Government (IG) in relation to formal judicial review in Chapter 11, Article 14 IG. This essay focuses on the consultation process, which is central in the legislative process and in two cases of judicial review in 2018 – NJA 2018 p. 743 and MIG 2018:18. A constructive legal dogmatic method is applied when examining the legal framework in light of the central constitutional principles.

This essay concludes that there is great flexibility regarding the forms of preparation of government business and that the quality of legislation at the same time is central for the principles of the rule of law. A defective consultation process can lead to provisions being declared inapplicable by courts through judicial review, if matters of significance for the rule of law are insufficiently investigated. The Parliament's evaluation of the preparation is of great importance for the courts' assessment, even when the Council on Legislation has found the preparation insufficient. This essay argues that the restrictive interpretation of judicial review in relation to the preparation provision is reasonable in light of the emphasis on popular sovereignty in the Swedish constitutional system. However, there is still room for judicial review of the legislative process – for the purpose of protecting fundamental rights and freedoms.


Fisher's sex ratio theory predicts that parents should contribute the same effort to raise sons as daughters over the population as a whole. We studied sex ratios in the offspring of three live-bearing Australian snake species and reviewed published data on snake sex ratios at birth. Most species produce young of each sex in equal numbers, but one elapid species which we studied, Notechis scutatus, produced a statistically significant excess of males (1.5:1). This imbalance is not consistent with Fisher's theory. Two alternative models offer possible explanations, but the data are not sufficiently comprehensive to test either model.


In this paper, an efficient method for mining strong spatial associa tion rules with spatial analysis in geographic information databases is proposed and studied. A spatial association rule is a rule indicating certain associatio n relationship among a set of spatial and possibly some nonspatial predicates. A strong rule indicates that the patterns in the rule have relatively frequent oc currences in the database and strong implication relationships.


This paper introduced the procedure of forest measurement using three-dimensional laser scanning and summarized the method of data processing by the experiment in Xiaolong Mountain of Gansu Province. The way of establishing 3D visualization model of trees using 3D laser scanning data was brought forward as well. And model accuracy was verified. The results show that the model reconstructed using this method can not only be measured with high accuracy of the tree measurement factors such as height and DBH to meet the requirements of forestry survey, but also provide multitudinous 3D models of single tree for the 3D visualization simulation of stand and landscape.


Especially in developing regions, parents are rarely given a direct voice in the design of digital maternal and child health (MCH) interventions. Instead, MCH needs and requirements are driven by organizations and health workers. In this research, we engage with both rural and urban parents and community leaders to better understand their challenges and priorities for digital MCH and propose a parent-centered agenda for human-computer interaction research. This paper reports on the community-based, digital MCH priorities identified in our research, and describes how we approached community discourse and co-design of digital initiatives for these priorities, through parent-centered workshops with low-resource South African communities. Furthermore, we provide the parent-centered design opportunities and tensions we discovered for digital MCH in South African contexts, such as designing for local contexts and languages, designing for accessibility and connectedness, and highlighting the underdeveloped digital MCH niches. Finally, we highlight the importance of including facilitators for co-design workshops, such as using intermediaries and design cards.


Based on the sustainable development theory,the article explains ecological design and related notions,summarizes the connotation,substance,feasibility and design method of ecological design,and prospects the trends of research on this subject.