This paper investigates the nature and characteristics of stock market volatility in India. The volatility in the Indian stock market exhibits characteristics similar to those found earlier in many of the major developed and emerging stock markets. Various volatility estimators and diagnostic tests indicate volatility clustering, i.e., shocks to the volatility process persist and the response to news arrival is asymmetrical, meaning that the impact of good and bad news is not the same. Suitable volatility forecast models are used for Sensex and Nifty returns to show that: The 'day-of-the-week effect' or the 'weekend effect' and the 'January effect' are not present while the return and volatility do show intra-week and intra-year seasonality. The return and volatility on various weekdays have somewhat changed after the introduction of rolling settlements in December 1999. There is mixed evidence of return and volatility spillover between the US and Indian markets. The empirical findings would be useful to investors, stock exchange administrators and policy makers as these provide evidence of time varying nature of stock market volatility in India. Specifically, they need to consider the following findings of the study: For both the indices, among the months, February exhibits highest volatility and corresponding highest return. The month of March also exhibits significantly higher volatility but the magnitude is lesser as compared to February. This implies that, during these two months, the conditional volatility tends to increase. This phenomenon could be attributed to probably the most significant economic event of the year, viz., presentation of the Union Budget. The investors, therefore, should keep away from the market during March after having booked profits in February itself. The surveillance regime at the stock exchanges around the Budget should be stricter to keep excessive volatility under check. Similarly, the month of December gives high positive returns without high volatility and, therefore, offers good opportunity to the investors to make safe returns on Sensex and Nifty. On the contrary, in the month of September, i.e., the time when the third quarter corporate results are announced, volatility is higher but corresponding returns are lower. The situation is, therefore, not conducive to investors. The 'weekend effect' or the 'Monday effect' is not present. For other weekdays, the 'higher (lower) the risk, higher (lower) the return' dictum does not hold consistently and Wednesday provides higher returns with lower volatility making it a good day to invest. The domestic investors and the stock exchange administrators do not need to lose sleep over gyrations in the major US markets since there is no conclusive evidence of consistent relationship between the US and the domestic markets. The volatility forecast models presented for Sensex and Nifty can be used to forecast future volatility of these indices.


The Advanced Photon Source (APS) vacuum system has been designed to be passively safe from bending magnet radiation heating at positron beam currents up to 30 mA. Above this value, certain components may be damaged from vertical beam missteering, although work is proceeding to raise the safe current threshold. Because of this, a system for preventing the misalignment of high power density beams is required. This report details a system for protection from dipole radiation only. Work on a system for ID radiation is continuing.<<ETX>>


This paper presents kinematic analysis of the end-effector position errors of flexible robot manipulators. The analysis gives kinematic fundamentals for their trajectory control. The end-effector position errors due to the link flexibility cannot be controlled directly but can be compensated only indirectly by the joint angles or displacements. The compensation, however, is sometimes impossible if the manipulator arm takes certain configurations. The analysis of this leads to a new concept of compensability that tells if the compensation is possible or not. A theorem and lemmas are derived to clarify the necessary and sufficient conditions of the compensability. A measure of the compensability is also presented to evaluate the easiness of the compensation. Moreover, noting the compensability, the manipulability of the flexible robot manipulator is discussed, and the relation between the compensability and the manipulability is clarified. It is shown that the manipulability of the flexible robot manipulator is worse than that of the rigid robot manipulator because of the link deflections.


CAPS-3 modulation format is used in 100G system for 5G applications. CAPS-3 is simple to generate, can be direct detected, and is able to defeat any significant amount of chromatic dispersion, without the need of digital signal processing in a distance range between 10 and 20 km.


In this article we provide an explanation for 2 syntactic phenomena whose systematic production has been observed in the English nonnative grammar of 3 different age groups of 58 bilingual (Basque/Spanish) children after 4 years of exposure to English in a formal setting: (a) insertion of is before a lexical verb and (b) insertion of a subject personal pronoun before a lexical verb. We argue that the presence of these phenomena could be explained assuming the transfer of a functional projection common to the participants' first languages and a gradual incorporation of the second language lexical items involved.


Spray pyrolysis was used to synthesize lead magnesium niobate (PMN) by atomizing a mixture of nitrate aqueous solutions into a high-temperature furnace. This approach allows for instant removal of solvents and decomposition of metal–salts, thereby limiting phase segregation on a nanometer scale, and lowering the transformation temperature for pyrochlore-to-perovskite phase transition. As-synthesized particles were nanocrystalline pyrochlores, with an average crystallite size ∼22 nm. More than 96% perovskite phase was obtained when as-sprayed powders were subsequently calcined at 750°C for 4 h. Sintered PMN ceramics exhibited the typical frequency-dependent dielectric properties, with a peak value of dielectric constant of 18 000, and a transition temperature at −9.6°C at 100 Hz. A series of ceramics were prepared with varied grain sizes. Increasing the grain size increased the dielectric constant, probably due to the smaller fraction of the less-polarizable grain-boundary phases.


As a result of the military campaigns of 1878-1885, known in Argentina as "The Conquest of the Desert", the indigenous populations tried different strategies to face the adverse conditions and the policies that sought their subalternization and invisibilization. This work explores the peculiarities of the process carried out by the ranquel ethnic group, in the Pampa (initially a National Territory that later became a province in 1952) from the last years of their autonomy up until the 1970s. The study is based on the cross-checking of different sources that, reducing the range of the analysis uses the trajectory of the groups that were tied to the cacique Ramon Cabral, El Platero , as an example of such processes.


summary.  Two blood group O paediatric patients, 12 and 6 months old, were transplanted with liver segments from their blood group A2Le (a–b+) Se and blood group A1Le (a–b+) Se fathers, respectively. Recipient anti‐A antibody titres were reduced prior to transplantation by blood exchange. Both patients had rejection episodes in the post‐transplant period that were reversed by anti‐rejection therapy. No anti‐A antibody titre rise occurred concomitant with these rejections. Postoperatively both patients had cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, and simultaneous with these infections, a strong increase in anti‐A antibody titres was seen, but no rejection occurred. The anti‐A antibody titre increase seemed to be specific for A antigens, because the anti‐B and anti‐αGal (anti‐pig) antibody titres did not show any changes. CMV infection is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients, and the virus can influence glycosylation of infected cells. Whether this can explain the importance of the infection in relation to the increase in titre remains to be elucidated.


The outbreak of covid-19 pandemic affected the global economy, Nigeria inclusive. As a result, economic forecasts predicted a global recession for the year 2020 and possibly beyond. Hence, this study aims to examine the extent to which covid-19 pandemic has affected the growth of the Nigerian economy by doing a comparative analysis of pre and post 2020 covid-19. Monthly time series data was employed from the period January 2018 through October 2022. The model specified used real gross domestic product as the dependent variable while the regressors were agricultural output, industrial output and services sector output. Covid-19 was used as an economic growth interruption variable rather than a real quantitative variable and its effect in the model was evaluated using the Chow break-point test. The stated hypotheses were tested using the t-test, F-test and coefficient of multiple determination (R2). Other tests conducted were stationarity test and the ARDL Bounds test for co-integration. The Chow test revealed that structural break existed at the specified break point period of May 2020. Hence, we estimated the model parameters before and after the break-point period. The result revealed that the agricultural sector increased real GDP significantly before and after the month of May 2020. The industrial sector's output was positive but not significant before the pandemic, it became significant after the pandemic. The services sector did not significantly increase real GDP before the pandemic, but afterwards, the sector's contribution to GDP slipped to negative. The study concluded that the Nigerian economy has obviously been largely affected by the covid-19 pandemic with the services sector being highly affected. It was recommended that government should make deliberate favourable policies that will further enhance the agricultural and industrial sectors output and that the government should serve as encouragers in the services sector as this will make young entrepreneurs to invest more in myriads of services available in the services sector in this period of post covid-19 recovery.


A low-voltage CMOS four-quadrant multiplier based on the square-difference identity ([a+b]/sup 2/-a/sup 2/-b/sup 2/) is presented. This circuit has been implemented in a 0.8 /spl mu/m single-poly double-metal n-well CMOS process. Experimental results show that for a power supply of /spl plusmn/1.5 V, the linear input range of this multiplier is within /spl plusmn/0.5 V with the linearity error less than 1%. The total harmonic distortion is less than 1% with input range up to /spl plusmn/0.5 V. The -3 dB bandwidth of this multiplier is measured to be about 1 MHz. Moreover, it can operate satisfactorily regardless of the transistor body connection. This circuit is expected to be useful in low-voltage analogue signal-processing applications.


Skincare companies purposely combine textual and visual features to create a compelling sign that can be correlated with beauty. In their advertisements (ads), their models are depicted as having bright, white, and pore less skin. These exaggerated and repetitive representations eventually build a certain concept of beauty, which is flawless-looking skin. In this paper, a preparatory approach is employed to investigate how an Indonesian beauty brand, Pore Hero, employs diverse promotional strategies. The analysis focuses on the textual aspects and discursive features of the posts and on how the campaign challenges the "ideological" concept of beauty. Data was collected from the brand's Instagram account and analyzed with Fairclough's three-dimensional model along with van Leeuwen's word-image links. Results indicated that Pore Hero uses five distinctive techniques to promote the brand's values and offerings: 1) exposition of existing ingredients 2) inspiring campaign 3) emotive contents 4) realistic representations 5) reviews by Instagram users. It is concluded that the Instagram promotional posts of the brand strive to change people's minds to respect and accept themselves by changing the goal of having perfect skin to healthy skin. the is the be a causing further redness on some parts of my skin


In China, geographical indications (GIs) are seen as certificates or collective trademarks, as well as representations of quality agricultural products, and are important in revitalizing the countryside. Therefore, a combined qualitative and quantitative method was employed to examine the operational practices of GIs at the relatively micro-level of the municipality in order to identify their effectiveness and challenges in rural revitalization and propose more targeted optimization suggestions. Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County, located in the Wuling Mountains in southeastern Chongqing, is an excellent example of the positive impact GIs can have on rural development, boasting the highest number of GI trademarks in the region. Despite the large number of GIs in Pengshui, there are several issues that need to be addressed, including low brand awareness, lack of product enhancement, and poor market competitiveness. To overcome these challenges, there must be a shift from a quantity-based to a quality-based approach to GI trademark declarations. This requires promoting the transformation of traditional agriculture into modern agriculture, investing in rural infrastructure, and improving the efficiency and quality of GI product production. By doing so, individuals in the local community will be able to reap the benefits of GI trademarks, improving their income and standard of living. In view of the fact that administrative divisions and cultural regions overlap, it is important to promote interregional cooperation and encourage declarations of GI trademarks in neighboring counties. This will help to preserve the area's local cultural heritage and promote its heritage through GIs. By taking a targeted approach to GI trademark declarations and promoting cooperation between regions, Pengshui, and other rural communities can maximize the benefits of GIs and support sustainable rural development.


This paper considers some recent objections to the concept of the operant. These objections were, first, that "action" is more fundamental than "operant" and, second, that the term 'operant' depends for its application on the knowledge of behavior implicit in common language. The present paper outlines the concept of the operant as a class of responses. In doing so, it considers the distinctions between responses and response classes (operants) and between descriptive operants and functional operants. These distinctions suggest that "action" is not more fundamental than "operant" and that although descriptive operants originate in common knowledge, functional operants never do. The paper concludes that the concept of the operant is basic to behavior theory, and must be retained.


We introduce a novel signal set defined over a signal space that consists of orthogonal planes, and a quasi-synchronous trellis-coded code-division multiple-access (TC-CDMA) system based on it. The proposed scheme makes efficient use of the available processing gain to improve power and/or bandwidth efficiency for practical multiuser in- terference environments. Having a multiplanar signal constellation struc- ture, the proposed scheme provides several options for a given required data rate, which makes it better adapted to dynamic channel conditions. Analytical bounds and simulation results indicate that at practical error rates and 2 b/s/Hz, the proposed scheme is approximately 1.2 dB better than a TC-CDMA system based on 8PSK, and 3 dB better at 3 b/s/Hz com- pared to TC-CDMA using 16-QAM. Additionally, the proposed system is approximately 1 dB better than a multicoded system using two signature sequences per user. Abstract—In this paper a new spreading technique for intensity modula- tion direct detection fiber-optic code-division multiple-access (FO-CDMA) communication systems is proposed. This new spreading technique is based on generalized optical orthogonal codes (OOC) with large cardinality and minimal degradation in performance when compared with a more optimal system, namely, optical CDMA system using OOC with auto- and cross-cor- relation value bounded by one, i.e., OOC ( ). To obtain the per- formance of such systems, we use a recently introduced communication scheme, namely, frame time-hopping (FTH) CDMA with random coding. It is discussed that systems with generalized OOC patterns and random time-hopping coding are close in structure and performance. Furthermore, the performance of such systems is near the performance of optical CDMA with optimum but low cardinality OOC ( ), which further renders the practicality of the proposed technique with very large cardinality. Two new receiver structures for FO-CDMA, namely, chip-level detector with optimum comparator threshold and correlation receiver with an electrical hard limiter, are also proposed. Performance analysis for a binary pulse position FTH-FO-CDMA network is considered for correlation receiver, chip-level detector, correlation receiver with an optical hard limiter, op- timum receiver, and the two newly proposed receiver structures. The results also show that the chip-level detector with optimum comparator threshold is superior to the chip-level detector for received low signal powers, and predict that the performance of the correlation receiver with an electrical hard limiter is superior to all other considered receiver structures, e.g., re- quiring one-third of transmission power to achieve a desired bit-error rate when compared with other receiver structures. Abstract—We consider M-ary communication with users over a space diversity channel, consisting of a single transmit antenna for each user and multiple receive antennas. We examine two different flat-fading models, namely, phase coherent wavefront fading and noncoherent element-to-ele- ment fading. In the case of wavefront fading, the fade is constant across the face of the receive antennas, and we can associate an angle of arrival to the signal. We present a variation of the MUSIC algorithm for estimating this parameter, and use it to form a spatial beam. In the case of noncoherent element-to-element fading, the fading path to each sensor is different (al- though possibly correlated) and no angle of arrival can be exploited for beamforming. For each channel model, we develop several detection strate- gies which assume various amounts of prior information about the fading. We then consider blind extensions of these detectors based on subspace tracking, which do not require a prior model for the interfering users' signals.


Solar, wind, and other alternative energy sources have their enthusiastic supporters (including this author) but, like other new technologies, only small portions of our needs can be supplied from these sources in the next decade. Even expansion of coal production-for the industries that can use it and for electric power plants-will require a long time. There is no clear policy for strip mining regulation, and permits and railroad capacity will not support shipping a much expanded coal production.


The paper analyses how corruption affects the Rule of Law in Slovenian local self-governments through qualitative analysis of corruption cases and interviews. We discovered that corruption, its influence on local society is increasing, where everyone (especially mayors) attempts to avoid obligations and find loopholes into the law in order to benefit. There is a common belief that illegal behaviour and negative consequences to the Rule of Law is due to human greed and the role of informal networks. The main consequences are increasing levels of negative economic effects, mistrust in public institutions, inequality and environmental destruction.


Male factor infertility contributes to at least half of all cases of infertility in couples. The most common causes of male factor infertility are impaired sperm production due to varicoceles, obstruction of the ductal system, and genetic defects causing nonobstructive azoospermia. A majority of these underlying conditions are treatable. Even when in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI) is necessary, treatment of men has been shown to improve the outcomes of IVF-ICSI and potentially increase the chances of finding sperm with microdissection sperm extraction in some cases of nonobstructive azoospermia. Important advances in the field include abundant evidence now supporting microsurgical repair of varicocele in varicocele-associated nonobstructive azoospermia prior to IVF-ICSI or attempted surgical sperm retrieval. Advances in techniques for reconstruction of obstruction is dependent on the surgeon's skill in creating a tension-free and leak-proof mucosa-to-mucosa accurate approximation with a good blood supply and healthy mucosa and muscularis and can result in higher patency rates. Treating the men often allows upgrading men from being solely candidates for donor sperm or adoption to candidates for ICF-ICSI with surgically retrieved testicular sperm to allowing IVF-ICSI with ejaculated sperm and from IVF-ICSI with ejaculated sperm to allowing the simpler intrauterine insemination and, finally, the possibility of a naturally conceived pregnancy.
This review contains 27 figures, 1 table, and 69 references.
Key Words: microsurgery, obstructive azoospermia, transurethral resection of the ejaculatory duct, varicocele, vasectomy reversal, vasoepididymostomy, vasography, vasovasostomy


This thesis is the sociological explanations about deities for the modern Theravāda Buddhist societies. This is a documentary study with the critical and analytical approaches. Three objectives are explained in this thesis: (1) to study the Brāhmaṇical deities in the Theravāda Buddhist societies;  (2) to study the concept of deities in the Theravāda Buddhist scriptures; and (3) to study the analysis of deities from Theravāda Buddhist texts. From the explanations of the first objective, the research findings for the modern Theravāda Buddhist societies are: first, they would be able to understand about the historic misconception of the deities; second, they would be able to understand about the true concept of deities in the Buddhist texts; third, they would be able to understand the modern belief in deities are partly wrong or totally wrong with the help of the explanations given in the thesis. Fourth, they would be able to generate the concept of deities within the human societies and environment of the pragmatical of our daily activities. From the explanations of the second objective, the research findings for the modern Theravāda Buddhist societies are: first, they would be able to understand much better when they would cross that the Buddhist texts signify mainly three types of deities: conventional deities, deities by birth, and deities by purification; then second, they would be able to understand clearly the deities are actually referred to the various classes of human beings according to their actions: good or bad; third, they will be motivated by doing good actions and thereby would be able to live a happy life without any mental torment. From the explanations of the third objective, the research findings for the modern Theravāda Buddhist societies are: first, they would be able to know how to become a noble person and performs the right rituals; second, they would be able to gain the economics and the other material benefits by applying the principles from Buddhism; third, they would be able to understand how the economics and the other materials things should be earned, that is they will earn in diligently and in skillfully; and fourth, they would be able to enjoy a happy life in the personal and the family and the greater societies.


This paper introduces a method which is used to measure the friction and Energy consumption of the elevator slide guide system and analyses energy efficiency and friction characteristics of different guide shoes.The results of this study show that the greater contact pressure leads to the smaller friction coefficient.When sliding speed is increased friction coefficient increases to a top then after the peak it begins to fall.The structure of the shoes also have certain effect on friction coefficient and friction energy consumption.


A field investigation was carried out to evaluate the impact of molybdenum (Mo) application on the yield and nutrient status of cauliflower in an acid Alfisol. The experiment comprised eleven treatments, replicated thrice in a randomized block design (RBD). The highest marketable yield of 558.8 g plant-1 was recorded in treatment with a recommended dose of NPK + FYM, with an increase of 29.1 percent over control (T1). The same treatment enhanced the uptake of macro-and micronutrients. Mo application positively influenced the curd productivity and soil nutrient status, with the conjoint application (soil plus foliar) out performing other treatments. In conclusion, cauliflower crop grown on Mo deficient soil responds positively to its conjoint application (soil plus foliar). However, the sole foliar application of Mo @0.1% recorded the highest apparent nutrient recovery (ANR) and bioaccumulation factor (BAF), with corresponding values of 2.2% and 41.2, respectively.


In the advanced maintenance techniques of the transformer, Sweep Frequency Response Analysis(SFRA) method is one of the established technique that includes the modelling of the transformer frequency response. This includes identifying the transfer function and realising into circuit parameters so that the incipient fault detection is correlated with the changes in the circuit parameters. A fractional order transfer function has been observed to be most appropriate mathematical model for almost all the real time processes, the frequency response of the transformer being one of them is modelled in this paper. For the purpose of modelling of the frequency response into the fractional order transfer function, methods like Levy's, Vinagre's and Sanathanan's and Koerner's method were studied.


The principal cadmium-containing species in basic solutions varies with the concentration of hydroxide ion such that the solubility of cadmium hydroxide can be satisfactorily expressed, in solutions of high ionic strength, in terms of [Cd(OH)+] = 3.0 × 10−9[OH−]−1, [Cd(OH)2]soln = 1.0 × 10−6, [Cd(OH)3−] = 1.2 × 10−6[OH−], and [Cd(OH)42−] = 3.1 × 10−6[OH−]2. Since the solubility 10 varies from 10−4 to 10−6M, the predominant species at high concentrations of hydroxide ion is Cd(OH)42−; at low concentrations of hydroxide ion Cd(OH)+ is the principal cadmium-containing ion in solution. There is little free cadmium ion in solutions whose hydroxide ion concentration is greater than 10-4M.


Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N$, $N \geq 3$, be a smooth bounded domain. We consider the boundary value problem \[ \tag{$P_{\lambda}$} -\Delta u = (\lambda c^{+}(x) - c^{-}(x)) u + \mu(x) |\gradu|^2 + h(x)\,, \quad u \in H^1_0(\Omega) \cap L^{\infty}(\Omega), \] where $\lambda c^{+} - c^{-}$, $h^{+} \in L^q(\Omega)$ for some $q > N/2$ and $\mu$, $h^{-} \in L^{\infty}(\Omega)$. Under suitable assumptions, we establish an uniform a priori bound on the non-negative solutions of $(P_{\lambda})$ for $\Lambda_1\leq \lambda \leq \Lambda_2$ with $\Lambda_1>0$ as well as an existence and multiplicity result of non-negative solutions. The important novelty here is that we do not impose sign conditions on any of the three coefficients. A key to obtain the a priori bound is a boundary weak Harnack inequality that we prove in the more general framework of the $p$-Laplacian.


Despite their small size, accessory spleens are clinically important. Hematologists have long emphasized their occasional role in the reexacerbation of hematologic disease after initially beneficial splenectomy.1-7Accessory spleens have been known to rupture,8twist on their pedicles and strangulate,5,6,9cause bowel obstruction,10and produce defects on upper gastrointestinal radiographs suggestive of gastric neoplasms.11,12Although accessory spleens are well recognized as acauseof disease, there is little published evidence to suggest that their apparent frequency may be theresultof disease. Anatomy textbooks tend to mention the infrequent presence of accessory spleens as an anatomic fact devoid of pathological significance. Settle states, "the accessory spleen is an anomaly [which is the] result of a development abnormality in the embryo."6Downey13and Arey14share this belief. To some degree this is true, as substantiated by the occasional presence of accessory spleens in normal


This study was aimed at investigating the causes of reported boreholes failureparts in some part of the Federal Polytechnic Ado Campus using aeromagnetic geophysical method. The aeromagnetic geophysical data covering the area was processed to enhance shallow anomalies using different enhancement techniques such as derivatives and wavelength filters. Total Magnetic Intensity ranges from -28 to 201 nT after removing regional component. Residual magnetic anomaly ranges from -21 to 127 nT; First vertical derivative ranges from -0.18 to 0.36 nT/m; Magnetic Analytic signal (AS) ranges from 0.03 to 0.36 nT/m. It was observed, by correlating the magnetic responses and geology of the area, that rocks underlain the area have close magnetic susceptibility. Consequently, the variations of earth's magnetism are mainly controlled by sediment thickness and suspected linear structures which are major factors in basement complex groundwater exploration. The probable depth to basement in the study area ranges from 8.13 to 74.05 m as revealed by AS and spectral method, which implies thicker regolith in southern part of the study area than northern part. However, linear structures are evenly distributed across the study area. Therefore, the groundwater potential of the southern part of the study area is higher due to regolith thickness. The failed groundwater boreholes that are prominent in northern part of the study area are not located on linear structures. Therefore, basement depth and linear structures should be considered during reconnaissance survey in groundwater exploration in a typical Basement Complex terrain.


This article argues that nationalism is an important topic in Bertrand Russell's thinking about politics and society and that his writings on this subject are worthy of consideration by those who study nationalism today Russell anticipates contemporary "modernist" and "ethnicist" accounts of nationalism, providing, over a lifetime, the precedent of both of these theories struggling within the bosom of one thinker. Russell's theory is structurally closer to that of the modernists. Like them, Russell believes that the growth of a modern global economy has made all nationalisms, whether progressive or reactionary, obsolete. But after declaring the obsolescence of nationalism in 1917, Russell was compelled to wrestle with the persistence and vitality of nationalist movements and sentiment throughout the rest of the century. The author argues that Russell's experience suggests that this modernism, which dismissed all nationalisms, led to political absurdities and compelled Russell to argue for the distinction between predatory and imperialist nationalisms—a distinction he had rejected in the wake of World War I.


Using field experiment and Zhudou No.7 to study the effects of combined application of NPK fertilizers with different ratios on plant height, leaf SPAD value, dry-matter weight of overground part, number of root nodule, yield and yield components of soybean. The results showed that compared with the control of no fertilization, the fertilization treatments could improve the yield of soybean significantly by 6.59%~21.98%; scientific and reasonable combined application of NPK fertilizers can promote the growth and development of soybean plant, increase the accumulation of dry matter, adjust the yield components, and increase soybean yield significantly. In the southern Henan province, to obtain the high-yield of soybean, the optimum ratio of NPK fertilizers was N:P2O5:K2O=2:4:3, and the optimal fertilizer rate of N, P2O5 and K2O was 45 kg/hm2, 90 kg/hm2 and 67.5 kg/hm2, respectively.


Hainan is an island where multi-ethnic groups are residenting in gathering.Over the history of Hainan,the residental flow with striking group characteristics among these ethnic groups is forged due to the development socially and economicly as well as the power rise and fall between these groups etc.Therefore,this article is concerned with the situation of ethnic group flow and consequences


Shortly after the concept of hybrid girder cable-stayed bridge was developed, the type of the bridge has found wide application in Europe and Japan. In the 1990s, the bridge came to attract the interest of Chinese bridge engineers and was then put into application in China. In this paper, a summarized account of the development process and technical features of the bridge are presented, several issues related to the bridge that require deep-going research are proposed, and the future trend of the development of the bridge is prospected as well.


Any decision involves an elementary logical decision-making process that consists in gathering information, choosing certain alternatives, taking into account future benefits and costs, and evaluating the results obtained. The decision-making and the initiation of actions for the operationalization of the decisions are made under the conditions of more and more intense challenges and pressures, inside and outside the organization, therefore one of the solutions the manager has to use to make her own activity more efficient is to harness relevant and operative information. It is important that a decision is taken when there is a discrepancy between the current situation and the desired results, and the decision-maker is aware of this discrepancy and is obliged to change it. The paper presents general aspects of managerial decision making, useful tools for managers to analyze the influence of cost factors in decision-making, the way in which accountants prepare their useful information in substantiating decisions. Of the many instruments used for decision-making, the scoreboard plays a fundamental role. The dashboard is recommended in any managerial situation where managers adopt a certain decision-making behavior. In the category of management tools used in the management process, the dashboard is one of the methods that should not be missed by any manager.


Aims: To use data generated from an integrated care pathway (ICP) to describe the characteristics of patients presenting with depression in a brain injury rehabilitation programme and to assess their response to treatment with sertraline. Setting: A regional rehabilitation unit providing inpatient rehabilitation for young patients (16–65) with severe complex disabilities. Design: Prospective cohort study of 82 patients admitted to the unit during the 15-month period between between 1 September 1999 and 1 December 2000. Response to sertraline was assessed in an open-label, before-andafter study design Methods and design: All admissions were screened and included in the ICP if there was clinical suspicion of depression, past or present. Anti-depressant medication was prescribed, where appropriate, according to the ICP protocol. Depression was diagnosed on clinical grounds against DSM-IV criteria, and measured where feasible using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) administered by interview, pretreatment and at 6–8 weeks. Results: Of 82 admissions 41 (50%) were managed using the ICP and 27 (64%) were either started on or changed to sertraline – 21 for depression ± lability and six for emotional lability only. All of the depressed patients improved clinically at some level and no signi"cant side-effects were observed. The BDI-II was assessable in 17/21 who showed a mean improvement of 14.5 ± 9.7 (con"dence interval (CI) 9.3–19.7, p < 0.001). Eleven patients (52%) had previously failed to respond with a different selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) agent but still made a signi"cant response when changed to sertraline with a mean reduction in BDI-II of 16.3 ± 10.9 (CI 8.4–24.11, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The ICP was practical to use and provided systematic data on assessment of depression and response to treatment in 'real-life' clinical practice in a brain injury rehabilitation setting. Sertraline appears to be useful and well-tolerated in this context. A full placebo-controlled study is now required.


The aim of this paper is to estimate the gap of a disbanding failure appears in the hybrid laminate material by means of the eddy current non-destructive evaluation (EC-NDE) method. In order to model and analyse the corresponding problem, a 3D FVM anisotropic numerical model is developed, in which the heterogeneity of the hybrid laminate material is taken into account. To estimate the gap of a disbanding failure, the developed model is hence inversed using the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. Both numerical and experimental results are given in this paper related to an experimental sample of the hybrid material.


One of the biggest challenges in the commercialization of tin dioxide (SnO2)-based lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes is the volume expansion of SnO2 during the charge–discharge process. Additionally, the aggregation of SnO2 also deteriorates the performance of anode materials. In this study, we prepared SnO2 nanoflowers (NFs) using nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) to improve the surface area, prevent the particle aggregation, and alleviate the change in volume of LIB anodes. Moreover, CNC served not only as the template for the synthesis of the SnO2 NFs but also as a conductive material, after annealing the SnO2 NFs at 800 °C to improve their electrochemical performance. The obtained CNC–SnO2NF composite was used as an active LIB electrode material and exhibited good cycling performance and a high initial reversible capacity of 891 mA h g−1, at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The composite anode could retain 30% of its initial capacity after 500 charge–discharge cycles.


Nowadays fashion industry have collaborated with other area like architecture, drawings, and formative arts, which made a big trend in contemporary...


I had never known failure, sorrow, loss, or despair, until all of them descended upon me when my father died. I had always admired my father. His childhood adversities had shaped him into an extraordinary man. At the age of 7, I announced my intention to pursue a career in medicine. When Dad asked me to explain why, I replied earnestly, So that I can take care of you someday! My career goals remained unchanged. I became a physician, ultimately to pursue training in cardiology. During my sixth week of cardiology training, I learned that Dad had developed pedal edema and dyspnea. I was startled. He had been healthy, even engaging in pickup soccer a few weeks earlier. Anxious over the possibility of heart disease, I urged him to see his physician. His stress test was aborted because of significant ST-segment depression, dyspnea, and angina. When advised to have coronary angiography, Dad inquired whether this could be done at his local hospital. Wanting the best for him, I preferred the academic inner-city hospital in Toronto where I was training. I was on my cardiac catheterization rotation and my supervisor, a renowned interventional cardiologist, offered to assume Dad's care. When Dad arrived for the outpatient procedure, he was quieter than I'd ever known him to be, and as he lay on the table, I noticed tears in his eyes. Initially, I wondered what medication could have given him epiphora as a side effect. Then, recognizing his look of pride and gratitude as I prepped his wrist, I whispered I love you, dad. I caressed his forehead and stepped back as my supervisor took over. The procedure was technically difficult, and the results alarming. Dad had a 70% eccentric lesion in his left main coronary artery, confirmed on intravascular ultrasonography, high-grade stenoses in his ostial left anterior descending and circumflex arteries, and an occluded right coronary artery. I told him that he would need surgical intervention. I am going to ensure that you get the best care possible, I promised. A few hours later, my supervisor made arrangements to discharge Dad from hospital. I was uneasy. Dad's coronary anatomy seemed ominous, and I had assumed that he would need immediate hospitalization for surgery. My parents had similar concerns, but we were assured that the surgery was elective and would be arranged on an outpatient basis. Because I trusted my supervisor immensely, we accepted his recommendation. Dad was told that his surgical mortality risk was 1%, but the risk while awaiting surgery was never mentioned. I met with my supervisor again to clarify the optimal timing for surgerywere the high-risk coronary lesions and ongoing ischemic symptoms not causes for concern? My supervisor stated that Dad's culprit vessel couldn't possibly be the left main and that urgent surgery was not warranted. Nevertheless, I sent the cardiac surgeonknown for his technical skills and affabilityan e-mail expressing my concern about a possible wait for surgery. I begged him to see Dad as soon as possible. In the meantime, I discovered that there were surgical slots available the following week, and I requested that the first one be reserved for my father. Knowing that he would need to be assessed by the surgeon before the requested surgical date, Dad made numerous phone calls pleading for a clinic appointment that week. We arrived in the clinic with only a tentative appointment, but our patience was rewarded with a surgical consultation. Before we left the clinic, the surgeon prescribed autotransfusion. Dad would donate 2 units of blood preoperatively to decrease the need for perioperative allogeneic transfusion. I was not aware that my father's left main disease and unstable ischemic symptoms made autologous blood donation a contraindication. The surgeon offered us a surgical date 4 weeks from the date of consultation, explaining that this time frame was required for adequate erythropoiesis after blood donation. I relayed this information to my supervisor, and his lack of concern relieved me of any lingering uncertainties. Dad treated me to lunch when he came for his next hospital visit, and I sat by his side as he donated blood for his surgery. When Dad last visited my home, he presented me with a necklace made of interwoven strands of white gold. As he handed it to me, his eyes spoke volumes, more than any words could. They were filled with love, gratitude, and trust, but also with a kind of vulnerability that I'd never seen before. I returned the necklace to him, insisting that I did not deserve it yet and requesting that he reserve it for a more suitable occasion. With the waiting, I had a recurring nightmare that Dad died while awaiting surgery and that I was notified of his death via my pager. And so, when I was paged to my parents' home during rounds one morning, I became filled with dread. Yet, even after I had heard the news, I was in disbelief. I informed my supervisor, who was presenting rounds, that Dad had suffered a cardiac arrest, and desperately phoned my parents' home with the hope of having Dad airlifted to our hospital for treatment. Unable to comprehend what was being said, I handed the phone to my supervisor, whose ensuing words ended unforgettably with He's gone. My beloved dad died at the age of 62, 4 weeks after his coronary angiography and 6 days before his planned surgical revascularization. This is how it came to be that I, the object of my father's affection and praise, began to believe that I had a hand in his death. I had promised him the best cardiac care, but it was a promise that I couldn't keep. My intuition was that surgery should have been expedited, but I was paralyzed by inexperience, self-doubt, and an implicit trust in the expertswho, like me, are not immune to making mistakes. The surgeon prescribed autologous blood donation, a process that delayed Dad's surgery and inevitably contributed to his death. I am left with a void that sometimes threatens to swallow me. The child in me anguishes over Dad's premature demise, his fractured dreams, his truncated joy. His death was preventable. My medical system let him down. The woman in me feels responsible for the pain that my family endures. The believer in me wonders how this could all be part of God's plan. I am reminded of Dad's physicians, previously my mentors, who retreated into deafening silence and denial after his death. I think about the hospital that I was once proud to be affiliated with, to which I entrusted my father's life. I can only pray that everyone there has learned from this tragic loss. Patients express gratitude for the care that they receive from me, but it is my great irony, my greatest regret, that I couldn't help my own father. He was the patient for whom I cared the most but did the least. I will carry this angst with me forever. I wear the gold necklace every day as a reminder of the way Dad lived his life: valuing personal courage and integrity more than political approval, and treating adversity not as an obstacle but as a stepping stone to achievement. I wear it as a reminder that I will always be enveloped by Dad's unconditional love, and that the health care I provide and the quality improvement strategies I implement will be part of the legacy that he has left behind. Being a physician has its share of blessings and afflictions when a parent is ill. The intentions are always well-meaning, the hopes always optimistic, but when injudicious care is provided and accountability withheld, the outcomes can be devastating. I have yet to overcome the failure, sorrow, loss, and despair that descended upon me when my father died. Time heals all wounds, I am told. The wounds of this physician will last a lifetime.


Abstract In spite of the fact that true arithmetic reduces to the monadic second-order theory of the real line, Peano arithmetic cannot be interpreted in the monadic second-order theory of the real line.


The "CUP" project studies the positron channeling for the development of Crystal Undulator for Positrons and represents the first step of an ambitious project that investigates the possibility to create new, powerful sources of high-frequency monochromatic electromagnetic radiation: crystalline undulator and γ-laser, based on crystalline undulator. The physical phenomena to investigate are essentially two: the spontaneous undulator radiation by channeling of relativistic positrons and the stimulated emission in periodically bent crystals (the lasing effect). The important and novel idea consists in realizing a microundulator, that is a suitable periodically bent crystal, that allows to achieve much higher energy range for the emitted photons respect to the conventional free electron laser (FEL). A crystalline undulator can be realized either dynamically, using high amplitude transverse acoustic wave, or statically using graded composition of strained layers. Both methods are easily applicable by means of modern technology. The theoretical results establish the feasibility of a crystalline undulator, but in order to make the project to advance it is mandatory to carry out experiments to test the idea and to characterize the emitted radiation as a function of several parameters. In this context the Daφne Beam Test Facility, located at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (BTF LNF), in Italy, has been proposed as an important starting point, where the CUP project can test the initial experimental set-up and collect the first results to analyze well-accepted channeling radiation theoretical predictions.


Caseless storage compartment for a passenger compartment of an aircraft, having a storage compartment body, at least one mounting rail, which is arranged between the storage compartment body and one end of the attachment strut, that the storage compartment body is pivotable about a pivot axis of a bearing. The other end of the attachment strut is connected to a frame of an aircraft structure of the aircraft. In this storage compartment is omitted, the double-walled conventional storage compartments and the storage compartment is thus mounted directly on the structure of the aircraft.


The performance of a network subject to either state dependent or state independent flow control is investigated. In the state dependent case, the flow control policy is a function of the total number of packets for which the controller has not yet received an acknowledgment. In this case it is shown that the optimal flow control is a sliding window mechanism. The effect of the delayed feedback on the network performance as well as the size of the window are studied. The state independent optimal rate is also derived. The performance of the state dependent and state independent flow control policies are compared. Conditions for employing one of the two types of flow control policies for superior end-to-end network performance are discussed. All the results are demonstrated using simple examples.


BACKGROUND
The characteristics of a Spanish strain of Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete which causes Lyme's disease, and which, up to the present, has not been isolated in Spain, are described.

METHODS
The organism was obtained from ticks (Ixodes ricinus) from the northern part of Spain. It was studied in culture by dark field microscopy and the internal structure observed by electron transmission. The antigenic composition was analyzed under polyacrylamide electrophoresis, immunoblot and reactivity against monoclonal antibodies. Plasmid analysis was carried out by Southern blot.

RESULTS
In culture the length of the organism is somewhat shorter than normal. It grows slowly and tends to autoagglutinate. It has 6-13 periplasmic flagella. The antigenic analysis of this microorganism through immunoblot and reactivity against different monoclonal antibodies showed differences with regards to other North American strains, with the most significant being the composition of certain proteins of the surface of the organism. These differences may have clinical repercussion. DNA analysis by Southern blot demonstrated slight differences in regard to the composition of plasmids compared to other strains analyzed.

CONCLUSIONS
Borrelia burgdorferi exists in Spain. The isolated strain shows peculiar characteristics with respect to others analyzed. The availability of an autochthonous strain may allow more reliable serological diagnosis in Spain.


Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are effective anti-cancer treatments. However, evolution of resistance almost inevitably occurs due to pre-existing mutations or development of therapy-tolerant persister cells. Here, we combined time-lapse imaging with longitudinal DNA/RNA sequencing, metabolomics and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling to decipher mechanisms of TKI-induced persisters. Whole exome sequencing demonstrated that persisters were genetically indistinguishable from their parental counterparts, suggesting non-genetic mechanisms were involved. Using untargeted metabolomics, we uncovered that persisters were deficient in methionine metabolism intermediates, including S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-homocysteine (SAH), a major determinant DNA methylation. Examining the consumption of a panel of isotope labeled extracellular amino acids indicated that persisters don't exhibit deregulation in methionine and cysteine transport. Instead, persisters preferentially consume methionine and cystine to support their survival. Profiling of wide-genome DNA methylation suggested that these metabolic changes was associated with a unique global DNA hypermethylation. We then discovered that promotor regions of genes encoding a range of trace element transporters were uniquely hypermethylated. Through further functional analysis, we then unraveled that these metabolic and epigenetic changes collectively facilitate emergence of a phenotype characterized by methionine/cystine-dependent resistance to osmotic stress. Thus, evolution of TKI resistance can develop by metabolism-dependent epigenetic modifications. Unraveling the detailed mechanisms of these metabolic and epigenetic strategies in cancer cell persisters is crucial to prevent cancer recurrence.
 Citation Format: Asmaa El-Kenawi, Anders Berglund, Joel Brown, Robert Gatenby. Metabolism-epigenetics interplay drives cancer cell persistence during receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolutionary Dynamics in Carcinogenesis and Response to Therapy; 2022 Mar 14-17. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B031.


This chapter examines the planning, process, and application of Riverbend City – an example of rich media developed by Capella University to enhance student interactivity in e-learning environments. Riverbend City is multidisciplinary scenario-based simulation project focusing on the disaster response of public service agencies in a fictional city. The ultimate goal of the project was, and continues to be, to empower learners to envision their ability to combine collaboration and leadership when working with multiple disciplines in a real-life situation. The primary focus of this chapter is how to provide a real-world scenario where skills and new knowledge can be applied in a safe practice situation, how rich media can be used to supplement existing course content, or be used as a means of initial content delivery. The focus for utilizing rich media in the Riverbend City project was to: (1) enhance learning; (2) challenge learners to have a multidisciplinary perspective; and (3) increase engagement with real-world scenarios. This chapter explores how rich media can be used in these three types of applications using the Riverbend City Simulation project for Capella's School of Public Service Leadership as a case study example. Riverbend City is a scenario-based simulation that provides a multidisciplinary, rich media experience


. A plcistophorid microsporidian is described from marron, Cherax tenuimanus (Smith). The parasite is polysporous, forming eight, 16, 32 or 64 ovoid spores in persistent, two-layered mcrontogcnctic sporophorous vesicles. Nuclei remain isolated throughout merogony and sporogony. The sporophorous vesicle forms from the amorphous coat surrounding meronts, which thickens and condenses into two layers during sporogony. The parasite is placed in Vavraia Weiser, 1977, and named Vavraia parastacida sp. nov.


Local-sky star recognition algorithm is a process of recognizing the extracted stars in image by making use of the prior rough attitude of star sensor in celestial sphere. In order to improve the detection and response performance of star sensor working in dynamic condition, ICCD is applied to imaging stars. However, image taken by ICCD has more non-Gaussian noise and the energy of imaging star is unstable. So a local-sky star recognition algorithm using spatial triangular relationship as matching features is supposed to deal with the difficulties. In the first place, an index array is designed according to Guide Triangles, which is applied to construct Guide Triangle Index List. In the second place, a general directing range of star sensor boresight is calculated according to FOV of star sensor and the output of inertial guidance system, and then, the candidate Guide Triangles set in above region is obtained rapidly. In the third place, construct image triangle patterns by applying position and energy of the extracted stars in the image, and then match the image triangle patterns with the above candidate Guide Triangles set for two stages, until N(N≥2) groups of successfully matched triangles pairs with smallest matching deviations sum are obtained. At the last, the recognized Guide Stars have to be matched posterior referring to the principle of simulated sky image, and the recognition results of image stars are all obtained. The proposed algorithm has compact Guide Database structure, rapid local-sky guide triangles obtaining, and good recognition correction percentage, even it has worse star location precision and more false stars. The simulation tests are performed to validate the relative efficiency and adaptation of the algorithm.


Presentation of the issue on Linguistics Technologies in learning and teaching of reading and writing in a psycholinguistic perspective and interfaces


Quality of life is one of the most important areas of human well-being explored worldwide. The issue of quality of life, namely its quantification, is a current topic evidenced by a number of literary sources in the literature. We solved this issue in the conditions of the Slovak Republic and within this problem, we analyzed the development of the quality of life parameters for each self-governing region of Slovakia. We calculated a Quality of Life Index for the regions of Slovakia using selected indicators. We compared the quality of life in the regions of Slovakia and selected parameters suitable for calculating the overall index together with the methodology of the index's creation. We found that there are statistically significant differences between regions, in terms of economic, social and environmental factors. The assessment of the quality of life in the regions of Slovakia, as well as the assessment of the quality of life also on the level of Slovakia, even internationally, is an important aspect affecting the further development of society and the existence of humanity itself.


The invention relates to an LED (Light Emitting Diode) packaging field, and in particular relates to a phase transition constant temperature heat radiation heat conduction LED packaging module. The phase transition constant temperature heat radiation heat conduction LED packaging module comprises lamp beads, a heat conduction circuit board, a heat radiation layer and a lens, wherein the lamp beads are directly arranged on the heat conduction circuit board in a die bond manner; the heat radiation layer is sealed under the heat conduction circuit board; the lens is sealed at the outer layer of the module; and the heat radiation layer is in a honeycomb structure. After the structure is adopted, the constant and efficient cooling of a large power semiconductor chip is realized.


The editors of this special issue of the German Law Journal on Constitutional Reasoning kindly invited us to participate in their project and, more specifically, asked us to share some of our ideas about the banning of dissenting opinions with their readers. Logistically, our observations follow senior lecturer Katalin Kelemen's paper entitled Dissenting Opinions in Constitutional Courts. 1 We gladly accepted the invitation for several reasons. First and foremost, it was an honorable invitation. Second, Kelemen's presentation is a fairly complete and thoroughly worked-through scholarly overview of the contemporary state of the organization and multiplication in space of "the decades-long history of dissenting opinions in the practice of several European constitutional courts." 2 In the present circumstances, we are witnessing a remarkable growth, to still more jurisdictions, of the institution of constitutional review, which bears witness to the importance of reflecting intensely on the admittance and role of dissenting opinions. In her paper, Kelemen makes use of a large size brush in presenting her many findings about where in contemporary Europe constitutional review is entrenched and in which of its many functional and organizational variants it is available. Hers is a very meritorious work. If she had not brought it to the fore, one would have to advertise that it be done. We shall therefore spend the present paper's efforts on some of the spots left over by her.


The objective of this study was to examine patients' use of the Internet to obtain medical information, their opinions on the quality of medical Web sites and their attitudes towards Internet-based consultations. The study made use of a questionnaire given to 398 patients, aged 10 to 95 years (mean 55 years), visiting the orthopaedic outpatient clinics of a London district general hospital over a 2 week period. The major outcome measures were; 1) the rate of Internet use by patients, 2) the perception of the quality of medical websites, 3) future intentions and attitudes towards internet-based consultations, and 4) concurrence between information obtained from Web sites and advice given by the orthopaedic surgeon in the clinic. Results were considered significant at p 2 test was used to compare proportions. Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to quantify correlation. From 369 respondents (response rate 91%), 55.3% of patients had accessed the Internet. Of these 52.0% had obtained medical information from this source. Access was linearly correlated with age (r 2 =0.975, p This is the first detailed UK study examining patient attitude towards Web-based medical learning. Over half of the patients were willing to access the Internet for medical information, with younger patients more likely to undertake this activity. As the commercial advantages of a captive patient population become apparent, there is the potential for inaccurate or misleading information, that has not undergone peer review, to be disseminated over the Internet The increased use of medical Websites by patients raised important issues regarding the need for quality control, which orthopaedic surgeons and their institutions both need to address. This also impacts significantly upon the changing nature of the surgeon-patient relationship.


This problem occurs because the standardized coefficients require the computation of the estimated variances for all dependent variables. For DSEM and RDSEM model, the estimation of the variance for an autoregressive variable or model component is based on the assumption that the auto-regressive model is stationary, i.e., V ar(Yt) is the same across all time points. An AR(1) model is stationary if the autoregressive coefficient is less than 1 by absolute value. For a VAR model, the condition of stationarity is somewhat more complex. If the VAR model is described by the following equation Yt = α +R1Yt−1 + ...+RLYt−L + εt,


We have investigated the total prevalence of diabetes and related factors among representative, randomly chosen samples of the five ethnic groups living in Cape Town, and (East) Indians in Durban. Comparisons are hindered by differences in age distribution of the populations, while small, isolated groups were found to be unrepresentative. The variability of a single individual's blood sugar levels led us to require at least three abnormal values on 2 different days for a positive diagnosis. The use of different criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes varying from 'lax' to 'stringent' alters the discovered prevalence in our groups by the factor of approximately 2. Mean blood glucose levels rose with middle age but never between childhood and early adulthood. Afternoon screening tests appeared valid, despite the agreed diurnal difference in glucose tolerance figures. Both high screening blood glucose levels and diabetes itself were most common among Indians and coloured people and least among Whites and Bantu, each of the latter having a total diabetes prevalence of approximately 3·5% over age 15. It is noted that the Cape Coloured have more diabetes than any of the constituent races from which they originated. The reasons for such racial differences are unclear—obesity cannot be the explanation here, since, to take one example, the fattest group of all, the Bantu women, have the lowest prevalence of diabetes. We found mild diabetes not uncommon among young people under 20 in the Indian, Malay and coloured population but none among White or Bantu. There was little difference between the sexes, and if anything the poorer people had more diabetes than the better-off.


From the minimum purchasing cost model in day-ahead power market of pool model and base on generation injecting power actual utilization rates,a novel economic dispatch model which considering network loss is proposed.The key problem of this model is to acquire injecting power actual utilization rates.A pseudo load variable to balance network losses and to construct its corresponding Jacobian matrix is introduced.In the solution power flow process,injecting power actual utilization rates of each generation could be easy obtained with solving the n step transposed matrix.IEEE 30-bus test system is used to demonstrate the proposed method;and simulation results show that it could offer more equitable market clearing results and reduce total purchasing money.


Allergy can be defined as inappropriate and harmful response to harmless and ordinary materials. Allergic reactions, like in other fields of dentistry, can also be seen in the field of orthodontics. The reactions that occur against orthodontic materials can be seen as irritant or hypersensitivity reactions. The main reason of the irritant reactions is friction between soft tissues and orthodontic appliances. However, the reason of the hypersensitivity reactions is usually the antigenicity of the materials. Hypersensitivity reactions are usually seen as allergic contact dermatitis on face and neck; the occurrence of mucosal-gingival reactions and dermal and systemic reactions are rare. Latex, metal and acrylic resins are the most common allergens in orthodontics. Apart from these materials, allergic reactions can occur against bonding materials, extraoral appliances, disinfectants and antimicrobial agents. The reactions that occur against extraoral appliances usually result from metallic and elastic parts of the appliances or the appliance parts that are in contact with skin. Orthodontists should be aware of the allergic reactions to protect their patients' health. The aim of this review was to evaluate the allergic reactions seen in orthodontic patients and discuss the cautions that orthodontists can take.


Available heating power by neutral beam injection in a tokamak reactor is evaluated semi-empirically. Using this estimated value, device and plasma parameters to ignite the plasma in impurity contaminated tokamak reactors are investigated. By lowering the plasma density and concurrently by enlarging the plasma minor radius or aspect ratio, the difficulty of NBI heating can be avoided, and the ignition is almost always possible both for trapped ion mode and Alcator scaling laws.


New media and leisure activities, often referred to as the media environment, have been a powerful factor influencing the development of the modern child. More often this influence is associated with the negative consequences caused by the fascination with gadgets (weak social skills, dependence on devices, poor academic performance, etc.). The relevance of the topic of our research is due to the insufficient amount of data that would allow a) to determine the ways of development of the multimedia component of the process of upbringing and teaching children of preschool and primary school age, b) the lack of reasoned and research-based data on the influence of the multimedia environment on the child, c) to identify problems of use of new means of information and entertainment by the child; e) to find pedagogical means of preventing negative consequences that may arise in connection with the use of media by children. In the course of the study, the time of classes in the multimedia space, the structure of using various types of devices, the presence of parental control in this process and the presence of children with addiction were determined.


Stripe noise is usually introduced into infrared images, which seriously deteriorates the image quality and affects the subsequent analysis of the image. The main formation causes of stripe noise are analyzed and some typical stripe noise removal methods and their limitations are compared. On this basis, this paper presents a suitable method for FPGA implementation stripe noise removal in infrared image, i.e. based on the most stable window strip noise removal method. The proposed method mainly uses the average compensation method principle and the relevant features between adjacent rows of pixels to implement. And it applies the average difference between line represent the noise difference and takes advantage of FPGA parallel to optimize. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method not only can remove stripe noise completely and assure won't produce artifacts, but also can realize efficient parallel operation in the low resource utilization way. Compared with the traditional hardware method, the de-noising effect is better, and the resource utilization is the lowest. Compared with the typical software method, it realizes the algorithm of parallel computing and the speed of the proposed algorithm has a big improvement.


This article presents results of two off-line comprehension tasks, investigating the acceptability of novel and regular metonymy by speakers of English, Korean, and Spanish. We are interested in uncovering regular–novel metonymy computation discrepancies, and whether they are treated differently in the different languages. The distinction between novel and regular metonymy is discussed by the existing theoretical treatments of metonymy as well as in psycholinguistic research. The findings of this study constitute further experimental support for the psychological reality of this distinction. In addition, it is demonstrated that the speakers of the three languages treat novel and regular metonymy differently. Significant findings are the acceptability of novel metonymy in Korean and the relative lack of conventionalization effect for regular metonymy in Korean and Spanish. We conclude that current theoretical approaches to metonymy should focus more on cross-linguistic differences and that further language comparisons are warranted and needed, in comprehension as well as in processing.


Alignment of semiconductor and metal nanowires in the electric field created by a periodic system of planar electrodes was studied theoretically. The alignment depends dramatically on the relationship between the nanowire length L, separation between electrodes a, and electrode width b as well as on the nanowire dielectric constant ɛ compared to that of the environment ɛ0. For ɛ>ɛ0 nanowires tend to align orthogonal to the electrode edges, following the average direction of electric field. Their particular position relative to the electrodes depends on L and was calculated for different values of L /a and b /a. For ɛ  a, align parallel to the electrode edges (perpendicular to the field) while those with L < a .


A survey was conducted to ascertain general medical practitioners' (GPs') attitudes to community pharmacists' use of patient medication records (PMRs) and to assess whether GPs envisage a role for family health service authorities (FHSAs) in maintaining records of patients' data.


Dry friction between hair fibers plays a major role in the collective hair dynamic behavior as it accounts for typical nonsmooth features such as stick-slip instabilities. However, due the challeng...


OBJECTIVES: To engage critical care end-users (survivors and caregivers) to describe their emotions and experiences across their recovery trajectory, and elicit their ideas and solutions for health service improvements to improve the ICU recovery experience. DESIGN: End-user engagement as part of a qualitative design using the Framework Analysis method. SETTING: The Society of Critical Care Medicine's THRIVE international collaborative sites (follow-up clinics and peer support groups). SUBJECTS: Patients and caregivers following critical illness and identified through the collaboratives. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eighty-six interviews were conducted. The following themes were identified: 1) Emotions and experiences of patients—"Loss of former self; Experiences of disability and adaptation"; 2) Emotions and experiences of caregivers—"Emotional impacts, adopting new roles, and caregiver burden; Influence of gender roles; Adaptation, adjustment, recalibration"; and 3) Patient and caregiver-generated solutions to improve recovery across the arc of care—"Family-targeted education; Expectation management; Rehabilitation for patients and caregivers; Peer support groups; Reconnecting with ICU post-discharge; Access to community-based supports post-discharge; Psychological support; Education of issues of ICU survivorship for health professionals; Support across recovery trajectory." Themes were mapped to a previously published recovery framework (Timing It Right) that captures patient and caregiver experiences and their support needs across the phases of care from the event/diagnosis to adaptation post-discharge home. CONCLUSIONS: Patients and caregivers reported a range of emotions and experiences across the recovery trajectory from ICU to home. Through end-user engagement strategies many potential solutions were identified that could be implemented by health services and tested to support the delivery of higher-quality care for ICU survivors and their caregivers that extend from tertiary to primary care settings.


The parton distributions of real photons at small x are presented by taking account of the following two points. One is that the Pomeron-cut exchange rather than the Pomeron exchange is taken into the hadron-like parts of the gluon and the sea quark distributions. The other is that the O(αS(Q 2 )) termis introduced into the point-like parts of the parton distributions. Using these distributions we can show that predictions for the photon structure function F γ 2 (x, Q 2 ) are consistent with new data at small x.


To verify the feasibility of an ambiguity resolution method for Beidou bi-satellite orientation by extending baseline,an experimental platform was established by using a Beidou carrier phase receiver with two-antennas.A physical experiment scheme was proposed for the extending baseline, which was realized by determining different positions of several antennae with different baseline lengths in the same direction in advance.The results show that it is feasible to determine the ambiguity of a Beidou single difference carrier phase by extending baseline,and the success rate can reach 100% without cycle slips during extending baseline.Moreover,some deterministic factors such as baseline length,orientation duration,and baseline direction on Beidou orientation were verified by the way.It suggests that the baseline length and orientation duration should be prolonged,and the baseline direction should be as near south-north as possible in order to improve the orientation precision. The research work will greatly improve the practical engineering application of Beidou orientation technology.


We reviewed 311 Saskatoon area Bald Eagle spring observations made by members of the Saskatoon Natural History Society during the period 1960 through 1975. The earliest spring sighting was 11 March, the latest 6 May. For each sighting, the following infor¬ mation was available in most but not all cases: 1) the maturity of the eagle (adult with white head and tail, or immature), 2) whether the bird was flying or perch¬ ed and, if flying, the direction of flight, 3) the location of the sighting and 4) the time of day.


In this paper, a modified algorithm for object segmentation of binary images is presented, and denoted as 2D modified chain code algorithm. The 2D modified chain code algorithm can be applied to color images after being binarized. The segmented object is used to derive the chain code in the image. The definition of the 2D& modified chain code algorithm is valid for shapes composed of triangular, rectangular, and hexagonal cells. The 2D modified chain code preserves information and allows computing geometric dimension. The results demonstrate that the 2D modified chain code algorithm could extract the coordinates of the shapes at lower computational cost when compared to the classical chain code. Here, a considerable improvement in accuracy (20.1&57.2%) over what is p ossible with the classical chain code has been achieved at the expense of slight increase in computational cost (10&20%).


The practice of homestead vegetable gardening has gained importance due to the increasing rate of rural poverty in developing countries. Keyhole garden is not yet a particularly common variant of home gardens but it is becoming popular globally in both developing and developed countries due to its unique benefits related to sustainable farming practices. The main objective of the study is to determine factors that influence the food security of rural farmers in Lesotho utilising keyhole gardeners in Leribe district in Lesotho. The study used a purposive sampling method to select a sample of 110 respondents. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression models were used for data analysis. The majority of households (65.45%) never skipped a meal and were food secure however, 27.27% sometimes skipped meals, and 7% skipped meals frequently. The study findings indicated that keyhole gardens influence food security since they boost food supplies, generate income and help in the reduction of food bills. The results of the study showed that age (p < 0.01), marital status p < 0.05), household size (p < 0.10), market information (p < 0.05), donations (p < 0.01) and access to inputs (p < 0.01) influence the food security of keyhole garden farmers in the study area. The study recommends that agriculture civil service workers should receive training on keyhole gardens so that they can transfer the knowledge and skills to rural farmers to increase the awareness of, and the participation in, keyhole gardening and ultimately influence household food security.


The qualitative nature of reading and math instruction received by different categories of handicapped learners, and by nonhandicapped learners, was investigated. Two observations each, plus teacher interviews and student interviews were conducted for 30 learning disabled (LD), 32 emotionally/behaviorally disturbed (EBD), 30 educable mentally retarded (EMR), and 30 nonhandicapped students. Mean ratings on six cluster scores (instructional planning, instructional presentation, checking for student understanding, task relevance, practice, and feedback) and a total score revealed few significant differences among categories of students. No differences were found in general education math or reading. No differences were found in special education math. For special education reading, LD students received higher ratings that EMR students on checking for understanding and task relevance (and, as a result, also on the total score). The finding that the qualitative nature of instruction is essentially the same for students assigned different categories adds to previous findings of few psychometric differences among groups and supports the need to question the logic of differential classification.


Idempotent and nilpotent elements are important in the structure of semigroups and semirings. In this article, we obtain some results of nilpotent endomorphisms of an infinite chain which applies to (multiplicatively) idempotents of the endomorphism semiring of a finite chain as well. We prove that the set of all idempotents with certain fixed points is a semiring and find its order. We further show that this semiring is an ideal in a well known semiring. The construction of an equivalence relation such that any equivalence class contain just one idempotent and roots of the idempotent is proposed. In our main result we prove that such equivalence class is a semiring and find his order.Idempotent and nilpotent elements are important in the structure of semigroups and semirings. In this article, we obtain some results of nilpotent endomorphisms of an infinite chain which applies to (multiplicatively) idempotents of the endomorphism semiring of a finite chain as well. We prove that the set of all idempotents with certain fixed points is a semiring and find its order. We further show that this semiring is an ideal in a well known semiring. The construction of an equivalence relation such that any equivalence class contain just one idempotent and roots of the idempotent is proposed. In our main result we prove that such equivalence class is a semiring and find his order.


The well-known $q,t$-Catalan sequence has two combinatorial interpretations as weighted sums of ordinary Dyck paths: one is Haglund's area-bounce formula, and the other is Haiman's dinv-area formula. The zeta map was constructed to connect these two formulas: it is a bijection from ordinary Dyck paths to themselves, and it takes dinv to area, and area to bounce. Such a result was extended for $k$-Dyck paths by Loehr. The zeta map was extended by Armstrong-Loehr-Warrington for a very general class of paths.
In this paper, We extend the dinv-area-bounce result for $\vec{k}$-Dyck paths by: i) giving a geometric construction for the bounce statistic of a $\vec{k}$-Dyck path, which includes the $k$-Dyck paths and ordinary Dyck paths as special cases; ii) giving a geometric interpretation of the dinv statistic of a $\vec{k}$-Dyck path. Our bounce construction is inspired by Loehr's construction and Xin-Zhang's linear algorithm for inverting the sweep map on $\vec{k}$-Dyck paths. Our dinv interpretation is inspired by Garsia-Xin's visual proof of dinv-to-area result on rational Dyck paths.


Congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN) is a pigmented skin lesion common in newborns and is known also as "birth marks". At birth, they may manifest on any part of the body; pose clinical dilemma; and be a source of anxiety for parents. The clinical significance varies with size, location and risk of cancerous changes. CMN is rare and occurs in 1% of infants at birth [1]. We present two cases with large nevi presented on the lower parts of the body situated on the lower limb.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the background and significance of criminalization of self-money laundering in China and to analyze its application in judicial practice.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper introduces the international and domestic background of the criminalization of self-money laundering, demonstrates the theoretical basis and practical significance of the changes of Article 191 in the 11th amendment to the criminal law and puts forward solutions to some controversial issues in judicial practice.

Findings
The 11th amendment to the Criminal Law, which came into force in March 2021, criminalizes self-money laundering under Article 191 and has brought an impact on the traditional theory of criminal law. There are no similar amendments to the other two crimes, namely, Article 312 and Article 349, which lead to some confusion in the judicial practice, especially in the understanding of the number of crimes, and the meaning of proceeds of crime. This paper puts forward solutions to some controversial issues in judicial practice.

Originality/value
This paper introduces the criminalization of self-money laundering in the 11th amendment to the criminal law in China, presents a comprehensive description of and comments on the difference between the Article 191 and its similar articles, namely, Article 312 and Article 349, to make a well understanding in the application of law in judicial practice, which would be beneficial to theoretical researchers and judicial professionals.


As a network of media, Microblogging has a huge impact on society. The characteristics of high-tech microblogging, fresh originality, and strong interactivity are in line with the characteristics of high quality, youthful activity, and strong participation of college students themselves, making microblogging more popular and popular among college students than other social groups, which also puts forward new requirements for the work of ideological and political education in colleges and universities, that is, to fully understand the social, political, and cultural influences brought about by Microblogging, and to truly find a good way to spread the ideological and political education through Microblogging.


The subject of this bachelor thesis is the reading habits of secondary school students in Jaroměř.
This thesis is focused on questionnaire study which was made within secondary school in Jaroměř. The theoretical part is focused on summarizing the information about what is reading and what we need for this skill. It brings back also the results of readership surveys led by renowned scientists conducted in Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic. The practical part shows which methods were used in the survey, a description of that survey among students of secondary schools in Jaroměř and the evaluation and interpretation of
analyzed data.


Novel chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) therapies target phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K; idelalisib) and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK; ibrutinib). Despite their success, certain high-risk groups, notably those with dysfunctional P53, demonstrate lower response rates than other CLL groups. As such, combination therapies could potentially overcome this deficiency. As CD37-mediated signaling resulted in direct cytotoxicity that was enhanced with PI3K inhibition (Lapalombella 2012), we aimed to combine BI 836826, a novel IgG1 chimerized and Fc-engineered anti-CD37 mAb, with BCR-pathway inhibitors to possibly enhance clinical efficacy in high-risk CLL patients and overcome potential inhibition of ADCC.

Consistent with previous report, BI 836826 displays both ADCC and direct pro-apoptotic activity (Heider 2011). We assessed the potential effect of idelalisib and ibrutinib on CD37 expression and NK-cell function. Following 24hr incubation of primary CLL cells (n=4) with idelalisib, ibrutinib, or DMSO, there was no significant difference in surface expression of CD37 (fold change ~ 1.01; p > 0.16 for all comparisons). To ensure that NK-cell Fc-receptor function was unimpaired by BCR-pathway inhibitors, we conducted CD107ab degranulation assays (n=5). Data revealed that Fc-receptor engagement of BI 836826 and NK-cell lytic degranulation was not abrogated by idelalisib or ibrutinib (mean CD107ab expression: DMSO = 10.14%; idelalisib = 5.67%; ibrutinib = 2.41%). In combination with idelalisib, BI 836826 was still capable of eliciting an effective NK-cell response superior to rituximab (difference = 4.51%; p < 0.0001). To further qualify NK-cell function, TNFα (n = 6) or INFγ (n = 12) release by NK cells after pretreatment with idelalisib or ibrutinib was evaluated. Similarly, cytokine release was not completely inhibited by idelalisib and ibrutinib; and BI 836826 was still capable of inducing cytokine release. To confirm the potential added benefit of combination therapy, we conducted 51Cr release ADCC assays with primary CLL cells and healthy allogeneic NK-cells (Fig1) or CLL patient autologous NK-cells (Fig2). Results confirmed that neither ibrutinib nor idelalisib could ablate BI 836826-induced NK-cell ADCC. However, there was a more pronounced inhibition of NK-cell ADCC with ibrutinib. As previously demonstrated (Kohrt 2014), NK-cell ADCC mediated by rituximab was almost completely abrogated by ibrutinib, likely secondary to off-target interleukin-2-inducible T-cell kinase inhibition (Dubovsky 2013).

Our preliminary data show that signaling induced by BI 836826 may demonstrate the same enhanced direct cytotoxicity with PI3K inhibition as previously reported with other CD37 mediated signaling agents (Lapalombella 2012). Evaluation of direct pro-apoptotic activity of BI 836826 (0.1ug/mL) in combination with idelalisib (1uM) on direct cell death (24hr incubation) demonstrated enhanced activity in the combination setting with similar activity in primary patient CLL cells with dysfunctional P53 (n=6; Fig3A) and functional P53 (n=4; Fig3B).

In conclusion, these results demonstrate that idelalisib could potentially be used in combination with BI 836826, which has the added benefit of directly killing inhibitor-resistant P53-null primary CLL cells and lacks complete inhibitor-induced ADCC ablation.

![Figure 1.][1]

Figure 1.
Allogeneic ADCC after Pretreatment of NK-cells with BTK inhibitor (Ibrutinib) or PI3K inhibitor (Idelalisib)

![Figure 2.][1]

Figure 2.
Autologous ADCC after Pretreatment of NK-cells with BTK inhibitor (Ibrutinib) or PI3K inhibitor (Idelalisib)

![Figure 3.][1]

Figure 3.
BI 836826 Direct Cytotoxicity in High- and Low-Risk CLL Patients

Disclosures Off Label Use: Off-label use of idelalisib and BI 836826 in combination for CLL patients. Jones: Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Heider: Boehringer Ingelheim: Employment.

 [1]: pending:yes


The late Ming and mid-Qing dynasties was the so-called third period of Christianity entering China,when the missionaries from the Catholic orders and congregations came to China.Many books and pamphlets related to the missionary work,which can be divided into Western learning literature and religious literature,were published in this period.The publishers included emperors and governments,literati,churches,and commercial publishers.They published Catholic books with different motivations and characteristics.The literati in late Ming dynasty published large numbers of books to promote the dissemination of Western learning and Catholicism.During the Qing dynasty,the Catholic churches became the main publisher of Catholic literature.After the Qing government ordered the prohibition of Christianity,the missionaries turned to underground activities.But the publication of Catholic literature had never been stopped completely.


According to curriculum survey on the major of social physical training and the class of physical arts of 8 physical training college and department in Hunan Province,we draw a conclusion as follows: the curriculum is composed of gymnastics,aerobics,physical dancing,body training and popular setting-up exercise and so on.The integration between educational concepts,physical culture and elites training mode for society ability requirements and teaching contents and methods is insufficient.From the angle of development of department,based on the educational reality,we have made a pilot discussion on the present situation and future developments of the new period physical arts curriculum,aiming at offering the basis of content arrangements,teaching methods study and a new round curriculum revolution of physical college for the class of physical arts.


Abstract Continuous haemodiafiltration (CHDF) with a cytokine-adsorbing haemofilter (AN69ST–CHDF) was successfully used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a 35-year-old male. Five months before admission, serositis, proteinuria, and neuropsychiatric SLE recurred. He was treated with glucocorticoid, rituximab, and intravenous cyclophosphamide. He was subsequently admitted for the examination of hepatic disorder and leukopenia. Following admission, he was diagnosed with MAS/HLH, and glucocorticoid pulse therapy was initiated. Although leukopenia temporarily improved, his pancytopenia and hepatic dysfunction worsened, leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) on day 22. Because hypercytokinemia contributed to MAS/HLH exacerbation, we implemented a combination therapy with cyclosporine A and plasma exchange. This strategy failed to improve MODS; thus, AN69ST–CHDF was initiated and added rituximab which led to improved hypercytokinemia and eventual recovery from MODS. AN69ST–CHDF might be an effective therapeutic option for MAS/HLH.


Abstract Scholars traditionally have characterized the 1960s and early 1970s as an era of political polarization in Chile stemming from an intensifying rift between those who supported the leftist Popular Unity government (1970–1973) and those who opposed it. While there is little question that this division was the fundamental political axis in Chilean society at that time, it was not the only one. This article traces the development of rock music and culture among Chile's youth to assert that while Chilean society polarized over the Popular Unity government, an additional segment of society emerged as an additional socio-political pole. During the Popular Unity era, a significant number of Chile's youth rejected both the political right and left by assertively refraining from taking stances in regards to party platforms or candidates, rejecting those sounds, images, and traditions tied to the right and to the left in favor of an alternative political and cultural orientation tied to rock music and hippie counterculture.


Some people (including doctors) seem to walk on water. Clearly some pilots can land a jetliner on the Hudson River. Are these accomplished individuals just struck by good luck? Or, is there something else that makes some (professionals) more successful than others? In other words, what does it take to become a world class expert? (1) (Tab. I). There are certain professions or activities more easily recognized as having special or exceptional skills and hence referred to as "experts" (Tab. II). (1). In reference to this meeting, surgery and interventional procedures require certain skills and knowledge to perform the necessary operations. In addition, in the spirit of this meeting, interdependent mindset with seamless, inhibited flow of information between treating departments and the decision-making governing bodies will improve the effectiveness and outcome. Some personal attributes defining team players and leaders have been linked to brain cell physiology (2, 3) (Tab. III). When people work in concerted synergy as a team, quality improves and the world class experts have created a natural Center of Excellence. However, good leadership may suffer negative consequences by organizations dominated with legal-rational authority characterized by blame and shame (4). True expertise develops when professionals openly report and share mistakes where everyone can learn from them without risk of punishment (5).


Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials have attracted attention for device applications due to the absence of the stray field and high-frequency response. To integrate AFM materials into magnetic devices, the understanding of the interfacial effect between AFM and ferromagnetic (FM) materials is required. In particular, magnetization dynamics and magnetic damping are critical phenomena to be elucidated since they govern magnetization switching, spin-wave propagation, etc. Although a conventional method for studying the interfacial effects is stacking materials, the approach may cause unfavorable factors. To get insight into the dynamic properties at the AFM and FM interfaces, we have focused on B2-ordered FeRh, showing the first-order phase transition from the AFM to FM states, since the coexistence of AFM and FM domains occurs during transitions, which is an ideal platform for studying interfacial effects. For this study, we have studied ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) of FeRh thin films during the AFM–FM phase transition as a function of temperature. From the FMR measurements, we characterize the temperature dependence of the effective Gilbert damping constant αeff. We find that αeff decreases with increasing temperature, indicating that the temperature variation of the effective Gilbert damping constant originates from the exchange interaction between the AFM and FM domains in the film and/or AFM domains as a spin sink.


We propose an efficient resource reservation scheme for UWB (Ultrawideband) WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) with D-MAC (Distributed Medium Access Control). Since the WiMedia D-MAC supporting DRP (Distributed Reservation Protocol) scheme causes lots of conflicts due to failure of beacon detection in wireless channel environment, overall performances of the WiMedia D-MAC can be deteriorated. Therefore, we propose Relay DRP protocol, which makes a relay path to avoid DRP conflicts or harsh channel conditions through cooperative relay transmission scheme and is compliant with the current WiMedia D-MAC protocol. Simulation results demonstrate performance improvements of the proposed method for throughput and energy consumption.


Data suggest dental antibiotic prescribing is increasing with relatively less documented about prescribing trends in adults and children. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate trends in antibiotic prescribing by US dentists from 2012–2017.

 This was a cross-sectional study of US dental prescribing using IQVIA Longitudinal Prescription Data from 2012 to 2017. Prescribing rates (prescriptions [Rx] per 100,000 dentists), mean days' supply, and mean quantity dispensed were calculated monthly across eight oral antibiotic groups: amoxicillin, clindamycin, cephalexin, azithromycin, penicillin, doxycycline, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotics. Descriptive frequencies and multiple linear regressions were performed to obtain trends overall and stratified by adults (≥ 18) and children (< 18).

 220, 325 dentists prescribed 135 million Rx (94.0% in adults). 61.0% were amoxicillin, 14.4% clindamycin, 11.7% penicillin, 4.4% azithromycin, 4.3% cephalexin, 2.0% other antibiotics, 1.4% doxycycline, and 0.7% fluoroquinolones. Prescribing increased by 33 Rx/100,000 dentists (p< 0.0001) each month for all antibiotics. Amoxicillin (p< 0.0001) and clindamycin (p=0.02) prescribing rate increased by 73 and 5 Rx/100,000 dentists, respectively. Prescribing decreased by 8, 12, and 2 Rx/100,000 dentists for cephalexin (p< 0.0001), doxycycline (p< 0.0001), and fluoroquinolones (p=0.008), respectively. Mean days' supply increased for amoxicillin, penicillin, and clindamycin (p< 0.0001), and decreased for cephalexin (p< 0.0001).Mean quantity dispensed decreased (p< 0.0001) for all groups except azithromycin and doxycycline. Among adults, cephalexin prescribing rates (7 Rx/100,000 dentist; p< 0.0001) and other antibiotics days' supply (p< 0.0001) decreased. Among children, azithromycin prescribing rates (1 Rx/100,000 dentists, p=0.02), and fluoroquinolone and other antibiotics days' supply (p< 0.0001) decreased.

 These findings support dental antibiotic prescribing is increasing, specifically for amoxicillin and clindamycin. Further, trends differed between adults and children. Understanding what is driving these trends is important to target dental antibiotic stewardship efforts.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures