Introduction: Modern life has brought easiness, but also contributed to a high incidence of physical inactivity and obesity in developed and developing countries, including Brazil. Studies have found a relationship between hours of idleness and childhood obesity, but not in our region. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of obesity among children of both sexes in the city of Guaxupe, MG, Brazil, and correlate indicators with their time of rest and physical activity. Material and Methods: 91 volunteers, of both sexes, aged 9.6±1.4 years, 38.9±9.7 Kg, 1.4±01 m, students from Dom Inacio School in Guaxupe were assessed as to the following variables: body weight, BMI, %BF, relationship waist/height (RWH). The subjects also answered a questionnaire about daily activities. Results: The following results were found for males and females, respectively: ideal weight - BMI (70% and 56%), overweight (25% and 35%) and obesity (5% and 9%); ideal %BF (87% and 46%), moderately high %BF (10% and 24%), high %BF (3% and 21%) and very high %BF (0% and 9%); standard RWH (90% and 85%) and risk (10% and 145%). The mean ± (SD) values of rest and physical activity in hours/week were: TV (18.2 ± 10.5 and 17.8 ± 9.2), internet (12.2 ± 11.8 and 11.8 ± 10.5), study (18.5 ± 10.2 and 17.8 ± 12.1) and total (48.9 ± 18.2 and 47.4 ± 18.2); leisure physical activity (20.6 ± 11.9 and 18.5 ± 11.4), sports (1.6 ± 1.5 and 1.5 ± 1.4), physical education (1.9 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.4) and total (24.1 ± 12.0 and 21 8 ± 11.6). Conclusion: we observed a positive relationship between physical inactivity and %BF and RWH. It may be concluded that the volunteers in this study have a high incidence of time spent in resting activities, which indicates a sedentary lifestyle and may contribute to overweight and obesity.

DESCRIPTORS
Children. Sedentary Lifestyle. Obesity.


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Recent studies have shown HIV incidence declines at a population level in several African countries. However, these studies have not directly quantified the extent to which incidence declines are attributable to different HIV programs. Methods: We calibrated a mathematical model of the South African HIV epidemic to age- and sex-specific data from antenatal surveys, household surveys, and death registration, using a Bayesian approach. The model was also parameterized using data on self-reported condom use, voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC), HIV testing, and antiretroviral treatment (ART). Model estimates of HIV incidence were compared against the incidence rates that would have been expected had each program not been implemented. Results: The model estimated incidence in 15–49 year olds of 0.84% (95% CI: 0.75% to 0.96%) at the start of 2019. This represents a 62% reduction (95% CI: 55% to 66%) relative to 2000, a 47% reduction (95% CI: 42% to 51%) relative to 2010, and a 73% reduction (95% CI: 68% to 77%) relative to the incidence that would have been expected in 2019 in the absence of any interventions. The reduction in incidence in 2019 because of interventions was greatest for ART and condom promotion, with VMMC and behavior change after HIV testing having relatively modest impacts. HIV program impacts differed significantly by age and sex, with condoms and VMMC having greatest impact in youth, and overall incidence reductions being greater in men than in women. Conclusions: HIV incidence in South Africa has declined substantially since 2000, with ART and condom promotion contributing most significantly to this decline.


Existing formal models of political behavior have followed the lead of the natural sciences and generally focused on methods that use continuous-variable mathematics. Stephen Wolfram has recently produced an extended critique of that approach in the natural sciences, and suggested that a great deal of natural behavior can be accounted for using rules that involve discrete patterns. This paper reports some initial findings from a new NSF-funded project designed to apply this pattern-based method to political event data. The core of this project is a new, publicly-accessible web-based tool designed for the analysis of event data patterns. Using data on the Israel-Palestine conflict for the period 1979-2004, we first consider some differences between the activities of various sub-state actors. While most prior event data analysis has simply aggregated all activities, we demonstrate that some sub-state actors produce streams of activities that are statistically independent. We continue the analysis by showing there are distinctive—and very plausible— differences in the patterns found during the tenures of various Israeli prime ministers, and the "interesting" patterns go well beyond the simple variations on tit-for-tat that we found in our earlier work. Hudson, Schrodt and Whitmer Page 1 For the past two centuries, the social sciences have aspired to produce law-like generalizations about human behavior comparable to those found in the deterministic study of mechanics in physics or the probabilistic models found in epidemiology. Unsurprisingly then, social science has embraced the view that "the stature of a science is commonly measured by the degree to which it uses mathematics" (Weinberg, 1975, 264). Considerable scientific work has been done over the past sixty years in international relations (IR)—our field of research, though its methods and conclusions can be applied to social science more generally—but this effort has produced virtually no law-like generalizations, and what few might be said to exist give us almost no mileage in excess of what common sense already provides (Bull 1966, Gaddis 1992, Green and Shapiro, 1995; Walt, 1999; Bennett and Stam 2004). Indeed, a deep-seated methodological discontent is growing in IR, in political science, in economics, and in other social sciences. The most 'advanced' methods we can use seem an ill fit with the types of questions we would like to pose and to answer in social science. The more esoteric our fields become methodologically, the more removed from reality and the more irrelevant to pressing human concerns the research seems to become. The Post-Autistic Economics Movement in economics and the Perestroika Movement in political science are but two recent manifestations of the yearning of social scientists, especially young social scientists, to move beyond what is perceived to be the increasing barrenness of their respective fields (see Hogarth and Reder 1987, Fullbrook, 2001, PS special issue July 2003; ). Yet the alternative methodological standpoints most often articulated frequently propose to refocus social science research on anecdotes, history, constructivism/discourse analysis, or nihilistic postmodernism, and thus seem to have similar potential for controversy and paralysis. The issue here is falsifiability and its relationship to causality (Yee, 1996). Unless some concept of a causal link is maintained in a methodology, it seems difficult to decide when a particular historical or constructivist account is false, or even less satisfactory than another account. And since the findings of social science aim to inform social practice and policy, which may have profound impact on the lives of individuals, some minimal falsifiability seems morally imperative, if not theoretically imperative. In 2002, a methodological gauntlet was thrown done by Stephen Wolfram in his work, A New Kind of Science. Though his book was not written from or for a social science perspective, several of his assertions are pertinent to that endeavor. Wolfram asserts that most modern scientific methods used in the physical and biological sciences are but idiosyncratic and limited derivations from something much more basic, more fundamental, and more powerful. In place of the continuous-variable mathematical structures that underlie classical mechanics and statistics, Wolfram's approach focuses on the discrete transformation of patterns. Simple pattern-based models can, through iteration, produce surprisingly complex behavior in physical and biological systems. Biochemists, for example, search for patterns in amino acids as elements for understanding the functions of a strand of DNA, and then the patterns of those strands combine to produce the patterns formed by larger strands, then by chromosomes, then by the entire genome. Though the patterns themselves are simple, they can ultimately produce highly complex organisms, including human beings themselves. Conveniently for social scientists, humans do not only originate from patterns, but human psychology is intensely linked to the ability to perceive patterns and to find meaning in patterns (Newell and Simon 1972, Abelson 1973, Simon 1982, Anderson 1983, Kohonen 1984, Holland et al 1986, Margolis 1987, Khong 1992, Reber 1993, Political Psychology 2003). Indeed, it is not Hudson, Schrodt and Whitmer Page 2 far off the mark to suggest the ultimate basis of all human epistemology is discrete pattern identification. As Wolfram puts it, "observers will tend to be computationally equivalent to the systems they observe," (Wolfram, 2002, 737) an observation we will expound upon shortly. The Issue of Complexity as the Root of Discontent All sciences are set up in such a way as to avoid, elude, and overlook complexity as much as possible. Complexity is the bane of the would-be scientist, and yet complexity is a characteristic of much, if not most, of the world around us. Science is . . . unable to cope with [complexity], though its success with systems of its own choosing has misled many scientists and politicians into thinking of science as a way of effectively dealing with all systems. . . . The fruits of science are simple fruits, or more precisely, the fruits of simplification. . . . We must begin to understand the limitations . . . for its principal method is to squelch [complexity]. (Weinberg, 1975, 20-21). For the social scientist, of course, the object of study—human beings—is irreducibly complex: Social scientists have had even less success, because their main interest--"humanness"-is a [complex] property that disappears when the system is taken part or abstracted and averaged. . . . Perhaps we are reaching the useful limits of a science . . . whose philosophical underpinnings are techniques restricted to systems of small and large numbers. (Weinberg, 1975, 22) We suggest that complexity is one of the roots of our current methodological discontent in IR, political science, and other social sciences. The areas of study justifiably approached through mathematical or statistical analysis and modeling are really quite small. The vast remainder of reality—including social reality—cannot be effectively approached in these ways: these approaches operate within very small confines, and if one's subject matter cannot reasonably be placed inside those confines, use of the approaches will feel, and indeed be, inadequate. To date, the reaction to this situation has also been less than helpful. One response, very common, is to simply ignore these issue and apply mathematical or statistical methods beyond the confines where their use is justified. This results in a strange methodological anomie, where one uses these methods as if all is straightforward, while becoming ever more disengaged in one's questions and answers from the reality wrestled with on a day-to-day basis by those who live within it. Statistically speaking, we cannot justify assumptions of random or normal distribution in much of what we are studying as social scientists. These assumptions, when used without justification outside of areas where aggregation and large-sample properties cause statistical regularities, are actually an effort to avoid the issue of complexity. Mathematically speaking, we have an enormous N-body problem—in the sense of the problem in astrophysics, not statistics—, for which we have very little in the way of methodological capabilities. In a sense, we also have a parallel problem in small N situations, where idiosyncratic factors such as the fact that in the conflict over the Old City of Jerusalem, the Al-Aqksa Mosque, the Western Wall and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher are within a 500-meter radius of each other is intensely important to this conflict but it is decidedly not a large-sample property subject to the normal or Poisson distribution. So we use simplifying assumptions that evade the complexity with which we cannot cope. Hudson, Schrodt and Whitmer Page 3 But there is more. Most of our existing methods derive from a strictly arithmetic view of what can be the form of an interaction and usually involve a firm quantity-based definition of all elements of understanding: models involving the analysis of interval-level variables are substantially more developed than those involving nominal-level variables. For example, most contemporary analyses of nominal variables use either dummy variable regression (nominal independent variables) or variations on logit analysis (nominal dependent variables). Both techniques are essentially mathematical tricks for treating the nominal variables as if they were interval, and their estimation is performed entirely in the domain of continuous variables. But we as humans know from our own lives that there are plenty of interactions in the world that have no counterpart in continuous-variable operation, nor can we define every concept in terms of quantities. As Wolfram puts it, "it is in many cases clear that the whole


CEERI and TU-Berlin have recently started a cooperation to design and build a W-band folded waveguide TWT. In this paper and the corresponding talk we give an insight into the design process of the slow wave structure and present detailed simulation results of the chosen folded waveguide. Due to the long calculation times of the complete structure, pic simulation were still running when writing this abstract. First results look very promising and will we presented in the talk. We are confident to present cold measurement results during the conference as well.


Results After 96 weeks in ETV-060 (148 weeks total entecavir treatment time), 55% (36/65) of patients had hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA of \400 copies/mL, 85% (52/61) had alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of B1 9 upper limit of normal (ULN), and 14.6% (7/48) achieved HBe seroconversion. A subset of 42 patients received entecavir 1 mg from phase II baseline through 148 weeks: 54% (19/35) had HBV DNA of <400 copies/mL, 84% (27/32) had ALT of B1 9 ULN, and 15% (4/27) achieved HBe seroconversion. Page 417 Fig. 2 Distribution of HBV DNA over time in the lamivudine refractory, long-term treatment cohort. The proportion of patients with HBV DNA of \400 copies/mL increased through ETV-060 week 96 (148 weeks of total entecavir treatment time).


: Proudhon, who was in the same historical period with Marx, has also criticized the political economy. In The Philosophy of Poverty, Proudhon clearly shows his reasons for criticizing political economy. Proudhon aims to expose the evil of capitalist private ownership by criticizing political economy, and to reorganize socioeconomics, and then introduce his own anarchist proposition and mutual aid theory.


A potential energy surface is constructed for various light nuclei, He with the Argonne V18 potential and then for alphaconjugate nuclei like C,O, Ne with α − α potentials. Despite the nucleons have large momenta and large uctuations around the equilibrium points, the minimization suggests the underlying geometric structure. We calculate the Hessian matrix determining the normal modes of vibration. This approach might lead to a new way of tting the alpha-alpha interactions on the spectroscopic data available for alpha-conjugate nuclei, rather than on scattering phase shift.


Fast‐paced industry technologies originally demanded more of a mechatronic education than the academic arena was easily and comprehensibly able to provide: Traditional curricula in mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering are mutually exclusive, and within these disciplines the area of control system design is largely split among them, resulting in either a highly specialized or disparately bridged educational experience. However, emerging technologies increasingly demand conceptualization, communication, design, and fabrication skills in each field simultaneously. As a polytechnic institute, Rensselaer is meeting this challenge by augmenting students' educational experience with the necessary principles of mechatronic design and recruiting industry to provide direct motivation through interactive collaboration on relevant, current‐day problem solutions under the mechatronic paradigm. In this article we present some of the tactics and examples we have successfully used to extend the practical knowledge and skills of our graduates to fluency and proficiency in synergistic, mechatronic design. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Low consumption of fruits and vegetables has been implicated as a factor in the increasing childhood obesity seen over the past 2 decades. The use of school gardens is a relatively new nutrition education strategy that may provide some additional benefit in getting children to consume the recommended amount of vegetables. Previous research into the effectiveness of school gardens has shown that they have positive impacts on children's vegetable preferences, and they can have a positive impact on children's consumption of vegetables at school lunch. However, no research has examined using school garden produce at school lunch to determine whether that tactic would have an additional impact on children's consumption of vegetables at school lunch, so that is the purpose of this study. A quasi-experimental design was used along with cafeteria observations. The results showed that offering garden produce at school lunch had a small positive impact on children's food choices.


Student work readiness is an essential issue in the education system of every country, including the education system in Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to develop a questionnaire instrument to measure student work readiness. The questionnaire consists of 21 items designed from the five dimensions of student work-readiness that we proposed (previous experience, maturity level, mental and emotional state, intelligence, and self-development efforts). The questionnaire developed in this research was tested on 107 students of the Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. Data were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment correlation to test validity and Cronbach's Alpha to test reliability. The results conclude that the 21 items developed to have a high level of validity and reliability. Keywords—student work readiness, validity, reliability, Indonesian contexts


With over 250 million devices to be sold, wearable devices revenue is forecasted to hit $2 billion by 2018. Wearables are expected to be the next generation of mobile devices. However, before we usher into the era of wearables, there are two key questions facing us: (a) What kind of issues are faced by the current generation of wearable devices before they provide good user experience and (b) Is today's Content Distribution Network ready for wearables? To answer these questions, we designed and implemented a profiler on Google Glass, which is used to study the Glass performance in terms of power consumption, device temperature and network traffic for a number of Glass applications across WiFi and BlueTooth interface. We also run a set of experiments to understand the main challenges faced by the content providers while serving content to Google Glass devices and alike.


CBN grinding wheels have wide application in high efficiency and high precision grinding because of their excellent properties. The appropriate dressing and grinding parameters are investigated using diamond dressing wheel for the resin bonded CBN grinding wheel in the inner grinding of bearing rings. CBN grinding wheels display the obvious advantages in the grinding of bearing. Influences of dressing parameters are analyzed by the comparison of morphology of grinding wheels before and after dressing. The appropriate grinding parameters are obtained through the grinding experiment. The research results are of great significance for the wide application of CBN grinding wheels on the grinding of bearing.


Background Gestational breast cancer (GBC), diagnosed during pregnancy or in the first postpartum year, is expected to rise in incidence due to increasing maternal age. GBC poses unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment as clinicians seek to provide optimal treatment for these young patients without compromising neonatal outcomes. We present our retrospective findings from the first study on gestational breast cancer in Singapore. Methods We performed a retrospective study on 88 patients with gestational breast cancer diagnosed from April 2003 to April 2017 at three centres in Singapore. Demographic details, tumour histopathological characteristics, stage, treatment and outcomes data was collected and analysed. Results Eighty-eight patients were diagnosed with GBC at a median age of 35.9 years (26-43 years). Fifty (56.8%) were diagnosed intrapartum and 38 (43.2%) were diagnosed postpartum. Seventeen (19.8%) had a family history of breast cancer but none had proven BRCA mutation. Seventeen patients (19.3%) presented with stage 1, 36 (40.9%) with stage 2, 25 (28.4%) with stage 3, 5 (5.7%) with stage 4 disease. Seventeen patients underwent termination of pregnancy (27.9% of patients diagnosed during pregnancy). Seventeen (19.3%) of patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 8 of whom received it during pregnancy. Forty-eight (54.5%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, 4 of whom received it during pregnancy. Two patients received palliative chemotherapy during pregnancy. Aside from one case of hearing impairment, there was no other documented neonatal complication for patients who received intrapartum chemotherapy. The 5-year and 10-year overall survival (OS) was 80% and 66%. According to the Singapore National Cancer Registry, the 5-year OS for women younger than 44 years of age was 88.9%, therefore suggesting a lower OS in patients with GBC. The 5-year and 10 year disease-free survival (DFS) of our patients was 73% and 60% respectively. Diagnosis of cancer postpartum conferred a higher risk (hazard ratio (95%CI) 1.86 (0.55, 6.28) of mortality compared to those diagnosed intrapartum. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression model showed that nodal positivity and clinical stage were significantly associated with DFS while only clinical stage was significantly associated with OS. Race was found to affect survival with Malay patients having a lower DFS compared to Chinese patients. Conclusion GBC patients in Singapore have a lower survival rate. Diagnosis of cancer postpartum confers a higher risk of mortality. This might be due to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. Malay patients have a lower survival compared to Chinese patients. Studies into genetic and social factors might shed light on how ethnicity affects survival of these patients. Citation Format: Tan QT, Wong FY, Alcantara VS, Ganguly R, Loh KW-J. Gestational breast cancer in Singapore women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-10-12.


A retrospective study looked at the features of dentigerous cyst clinically, radiographically and
histopathologically in17 patients in Department of ENT, Raipur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur
(CG). The results showed that the mean age was 18.3 years with peak incidence occurring in second and third decades, males
were affected more than females in a ratio of 1.4:1. The maxillary region (53%) was the most specic site involved, followed by
mandibular region (47%). The most common clinical features were swelling over maxillary or mandibular region, while pain is
not a prominent feature. Radiographic appearance revealed radiolucency associated with unerupted teeth. All cases were
undergone for surgical excision of cyst under general anesthesia. Histopathology features were suggestive of dentigerous cyst.


In effort to prevent HIV/AIDS, condom is an alternative to prevent HIV transmission from sexual relations. As a prevention tool, condom has not been 100% safe yet. Moreover, there is a controversial information about porous condom. In marketing the product, that is condom, particularly for high risk group, Himpunan Abiasa applys social marketing strategy. In addition to knowing which marketing strategy is applied, the author can find out the volume of Kondom Sutra sales marketed via social marketing during the period 2009 – 2010. The research method used is Descriptive Analysis and SWOT Analysis. Data utilized are primary data and secondary data: looking for and collecting data from Himpunan Abiasa, NAC (National AIDS Commision), company profile, books, and literatures related to the study; besides that, by interviewing four experts having competence in their field. By using SWOT analysis, the researcher gets internal matrix score : 2626 and external matrix score : 2677. It shows that the company has growth and stabilization, the company keeps be able to maintain existing business in continuity. This writing is a form of acknowledgement and appreciation to the company on what it has been applied. Besides that, the author gets benefit by the fact that he can enlarge knowledge concerning the application of social marketing as a strategy of HIV-AIDS prevention program. Keywords : marketing strategy; social marketing; sales volume


1National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408, USA; 2Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, Queensland 4810, Australia; 3National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, 1315 East–West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; 4College of Science and Engineering & Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia; 5Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia and 6Sharks Pacific, Rarotonga, Cook Islands


The Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Laboratory is a CW recirculating linear accelerator (linac) that utilizes over 400 superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities to accelerate electrons up to 12 GeV through 5-passes. Recent work has shown that given RF signals from a cavity during a fault as input, machine learning approaches can accurately classify the fault type. In this paper, we report initial results of predicting a fault onset using only data prior to the failure event. A dataset was constructed using time-series data immediately before a fault ("unstable") and 1.5 seconds prior to a fault ("stable") gathered from over 5,000 saved fault events. The data was used to train a binary classifier. The results gave key insights into the behaviour of several fault types and provided motivation to investigate whether data prior to a failure event could also predict the type of fault. We discuss our method using a sliding window approach. Based on encouraging initial results, we outline a path forward to leverage deep learning on streaming data for fault type prediction.


This article examines how education policy, in the form of a statutory assessment system used in the first year of primary schools, defines the 'ideal learner'. This ideal model is important because it prescribes the characteristics and skills a child needs to display in order to be recognisable as a learner. An analysis of the content of the assessment itself is used alongside ethnographic data from classrooms where the assessment is conducted, to demonstrate how the values inherent in the assessment and its associated practices reflect neoliberal discourses. Rational choice, self-promotion and individual responsibility for learning are all valued within this framework, and children's transitions into recognisable student-subjects are dependent on their adoption of these values. It is argued in conclusion that this restrictive notion of what a 'good learner' looks like can work to systematically exclude some children from positions of success.


The aim of the article is to study the influence of the propagation velocity of longitudinal Vp and transverse Vs waves, as well as the density ρ of soil, on the real seismic effects parameters: intensity, peak acceleration, frequency. To achieve this goal, the Geophysical Institute of the VSC RAS developed a database containing 63478 three-dimensional records of earthquakes from 11/05/1996 through 31/12/2017, including all KNET records with epicentral distance up to 50 km and intensity above 0.5 JMA. The records were amiably provided for noncommercial use by the KNET system. In the database Vp, Vs, ρ are contained in the form of tables and graphs of the stations soils down to depth of 20 m. We considered the intervals of epicentral distances of 0-10, 5-15, 10-20, 15-25, 20-30, 35-45, 40-50 km and determined the mean values of Vp, Vs, ρ and seismic parameters for different magnitudes in these intervals: M>6, 5<M<6, 4<M<5, M<4. Based on the distribution histograms of the mean values of Vp, Vs, ρ, the entire range of Vp, Vs, ρ was divided into four intervals with an equal number of samples in each interval. The limits of the four intervals were determined according to the calculation of the median, lower and upper quartiles. It is shown that for soils with high values of Vs the intensities significantly decrease in comparison with soils with low propagation velocity of transverse wave at epicenter distances less than 50 km and magnitudes less than 6. For magnitudes over 6, this effect is not statistically significant due to the insufficient number of records at small epicentral distances. It is shown that during comparison of two soils, one Vs>244 m/s and another Vs<244 m/s, the PHA is 5-10 gal above on soils with high Vs ceteris paribus, while p<0.05. The study of PVA showed that Vs does not affect peak vertical acceleration with p<0.05. For soils with different Vp values, the intensity on soils with high Vp values is significantly lower than on soils with low Vp values. Note that this effect does not occur for events with high magnitudes greater than 6, where confidence intervals overlap due to a small number of recorded events. The results showed that for soils with high and low Vp values, the difference between the average PHA and PVA values between soils with different Vp values is not reliable (p>0.05) for all magnitude ranges and for epicentral distances not exceeding 50 km. Keywords—strong motions database; earthquake; epicentral distance; P-wave velocity; S-wave velocity; intensity; peak vertical acceleration; peak horizontal acceleration


Currently distributed denial of service (DDoS) is the most sever attack that effect on the internet convenience. The main goal of these attacks is to prevent normal users from accessing the internet services such as web servers. However the more challenge and difficult types to detect is application layer DDoS attacks because of using legitimate client to create connection with victims. In this paper we give a review on application layer DDoS attacks defense or detection mechanisms. Furthermore, we summarize several experimental approaches on detection techniques of application layer DDoS attacks. The main goal of this paper is to get a clear view and detailed summary of the recent algorithms, methods and techniques presented to tackle these serious types of attacks.


Autonomous systems with reasoning capabilities are systems able to perceive their environment and act on it by performing complex tasks automatically. Autonomous systems are also able to adapt to unforeseen operating conditions or errors in a robust and predictable manner without the need for human guidance, instructions or programming. To accomplish such complex feats they must master the powers of perception, recognition, attention, learning and memory, cognitive control, reward and motivation, decision making, affordance extraction, action planning and action execution (step 1). Once these powers are successfully mastered, then these systems may be embodied into a robot able to act in the real world (step 2). Their embodiment, however, cannot guarantee that these systems will be able to operate autonomously in the environment as they will still need to solve the issues of the real-time system operation, resource management and meta-learning (step 2). In their article "Cognitive architectures and autonomy: a comparative review" Thórisson and Helgasson reviewed a number of "autonomous" systems and architectures with general "cognitive" capabilities and compared and contrasted their performance in a hypothetical example of autonomous exploration of an environment by a robot. Instead of their criteria focusing on how the powers of perception, recognition, attention, memory, cognition, decision making and action planning and execution are achieved by these systems (step 1), the authors ignored these powers, and compared and contrasted the systems based on step 2's real-time processing, resource management, learning and meta-learning issues. The authors argued that the former functions (e.g. perception, recognition, attention, memory, etc.) are less important. I believe that dealing with the issues of real-time processing, resource management, learning and meta-learning first and comparing and contrasting the reasoning capabilities of systems based on them is similar to building a house from the roof down. The systems are forced to solve the real-time system operations of functionalities which they have not deciphered yet, so they will inevitably be dumb, as they will be empty shells not possessing any reasoning powers that will enable them to go beyond the information provided. Furthermore, though some of the reviewed systems are "biologically inspired" in that they depend on behavioral studies and test themselves by the replication of experimental behavioral data, none of these systems attempt reverse engineering of the brain circuitry that supports these behaviors. Reasoning is the highest faculty of the human brain and it depends on the majority of the brain components (perception, attention, learning and memory, decision making, action, etc.). The brain is a system that has evolved over a million or so years, so it is expected to provide a reasonably optimized solution to many of the cognitive tasks under consideration.


Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA) is a rare tumor with a poor prognosis that arises from the intrahepatic biliary tract. Patients who present with locally advanced or metastatic ICCA are generally treated with first-line gemcitabine/cisplatin and/or liver-directed therapy with the hope of downstaging/downsizing the disease. Patients who present with resectable ICCA may be treated with upfront surgery and postoperative adjuvant capecitabine. Staging laparoscopy should be considered to evaluate for occult metastatic disease and laparoscopic ultrasound can be used to better evaluate the liver parenchyma. Resection with the goal of achieving an R0 margin, along with lymphadenectomy to adequately stage patients, should be the standard operative approach. Unfortunately, the surgical technique cannot overcome poor tumor biology, and ICCA has a high incidence of recurrence, with many patients developing metastatic disease. Targeted therapy with IDH and FGFR inhibitors has had promising results in early clinical trials. Future endeavors should strive to identify more effective systemic and targeted therapies, which will hopefully improve survival for patients with ICCA.


Electron Bernstein waves are of interest for heating and current drive in spherical tokamaks where the central region of the plasma is not accessible to the ordinary and extraordinary modes. In this paper we adapt an analytical theory of current drive in toroidal geometry developed by Lin-Liu et al (2003 Phys. Plasmas 10 4064) to this system. This involves taking account of the fact that the ratio of the Larmor radius to the perpendicular wavelength is not, in general, small for the Bernstein waves and also including the effects of a non-circular plasma cross section. By comparing the results with those of a full Fokker–Planck code, we demonstrate that the analytical method can yield a good approximation to the current drive efficiency in most regimes of practical interest. Since it is much less computationally demanding than using a Fokker–Planck code we suggest that it could be a useful tool for analysing experiments on Bernstein mode current drive in spherical tokamaks.


The paper focuses on the training of future teachers based on the role of Universities in the 21st century and on the relevance attributed from different spheres to education as a resource to solve social problems. From this overview, it offers a look at the importance of the social dimension in training, connected with the role that university professors should perform at the present time to respond to the demands of society, the labor market and students. Finally, a critique is made to teacher training in Spain and some of the challenges are pointed out about university education in general and future teachers in particular.


Faculty and staff were surveyed to assess the professional development (PD) for teaching provided to biology graduate students at academic institutions. Although more than 90% of institutions provided PD, it was most often presemester and less than 10 h. Respondents most satisfied with their PD had programs with greater breadth and institutional support.


The research group's survey of 23 specialized farmer cooperatives(SFCs) in Jingmen City found that there were three main problems in the informatization of those SFCs: indefinite aims for agricultural information collection, insufficient infrastructure construction in agricultural informatization and imperfect agricultural information service system. It was suggested that the supply orientation should be changed into need orientation, food security should be the breakthrough for SFC informatization and the technical route of development and promotion should be based on Jingmen City Quality Security Traceable Platform for Agricultural Products. Some other detailed suggestions were given in this reflection.


Vitrimers constitute a fascinating class of polymer materials that make the link between the historically opposed 3D networks (thermosets) and linear polymers (thermoplastics). Their chemical resis...


nor. Clarke examines the texts dealing with witchcraft in the library, and aims to remove the surprise factor in fmding such works in Marsh's. As he points out, 'in the context of making a library for God it is utterly predictable that, in sixteenthand seventeenthcentury conditions, the devil should have a place too' (p. 115). O'Connor's concern is with the Irish Catholic tradition. Thus he provides the reader with a detailed listing of Catholic writings in Marsh's and a consideration of the reasons for such material being present in a library founded by a Protestant clergyman at the time when the penal code was being enacted. At times the reader of this collection may find some connections with Marsh or his library a bit tenuous, while on other occasions some essays can appear to be little more than a catalogue of books. Overall, however, it is an enjoyable and informative work.


Objective To observe the effect of hyperbilirubin on the cell immune functions and the changes after the treatment of blue light.Methods After marked by immunofluorencencseCD4+,CD8+,CD40L,CD4+/ CD8+ were determined by flow cytometry on different bilirubin levels.Results ⑴The expression level of CD4+,CD8+,CD40L,CD4+/ CD8+ in group of which bilirubin was 102.6~256.5μmol/L and the group of bilirubin265.5μmol/L were lower than the group of bilirubin102.6μmol/L and without jaundice.All the difference had statistical significance(P0.05).⑵ After the treatment of blue light CD4+,CD8+,CD40L,CD4+/ CD8+ were higher than those before the treatment.The difference had statistical significance(P0.05).Conclusions ⑴With the increasing of bilirubin concentration,the inhibitory effect of bilirubin on the cell immune functions become more significant.⑵ The treatment of blue light can decrease the inhibitory effect of bilirubin on the cell immune functions.


Based on ATmega16 microchip,a digital manual pulse generator device is developed and presented for solving the existed problems such as missing-count of generated pulse,output lag of motor pulse and the motor vibration created by the discontinuous output pulse.A series of software realization methods were proposed such as "predicting the period of generated pulse","follow up period detecting",as well as "compensation of output pulse control".Experiments show that output control signal was steady and the abovementioned problems were resolved with the digital manual pulse generator device while working in a selected high-multiplying condition.


The new research progress was summarized on extraction of gardenia yellow,gardenia blue,geniposide,gardenia polyose,ursolic acid and pectin from fructus gardeniae.Meanwile,fructus gardeniae application prospect was outlined,and reasonable suggestions on its development were presented.


In order to study the relationship and effect of nitrogen gas in the reducing gases used in the reducibility tests of iron oxides, under isothermal conditions, a test scheme was executed using ammonia gas, such that its decomposition of the gas in the reactor produced a mixture of H2 and N2 gases. Furthermore, the addition of 6% NH3 in a 28% H2 and 68% N2 gas stream was planned to obtain a gas composition of 70% N2 and 30% H2. This would allow comparing the reducibility curves between both conditions, assuming that the possible difference between both conditions to compare the volume changes of the reduced samples. The difference to be studied will be based on the estimation and comparison of the rate of formation of metallic iron in the stages of reduction of Hematite / Magnetite / Wustite (FeO), as well as the effects of nitrogen absorbed by the fresh metallic iron produced, or present. in iron catalysts to produce ammonia, from the reducing gas mixture, on the volume change of the samples. Likewise, the catastrophic volume changes caused by nitrogen are compared by comparing sources of this gas in solid carbonaceous reducers.
Keywords: Gaseous Reduction, Direct Reduced Iron, isothermal tests.
References
[1]O. Dam G. "The Influence of Nitrogen on the Swelling Mechanism of Iron Oxides During Reduction". Univ. of London. PhD Thesis 1983.
[2]J. Bogde. "Thermoelectric Power Measurements in Wustite. Univ. of Michigan". 1976.
[3]O. Dam G. y J. Jeffes. "Model for the Assessment of Chemical Composition of reduced iron ores from single measurements. Ironmaking and Steelmaking". Vol. 14, N`5. 1987.
[4]M. Yang. "Nitriding-Fundamentals, modelling and process optimization". Tesis PhD. Worcester Polytech Institute. 2012.
[5]EL Kasabgy. T and W-K. LU. "The Influence of Calcia and Magnesia in Wustite on the Kinetics of Metallization and Iron Whisker Formation". Metallurgical 1980 American Society for Metals and the Metallurgical Society of AIME Volume 11b, pp. 410-414. 1980.
[6]"Srikar Potnuru Studies nn the Physical Properties and Reduction Swelling Behavior of Fired Haematite Iton ore Pellets". MSc Thesis. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute Of Technology, Rourkela May 2012.
[7]R. Agarwal, S. Hembram. "To Study the Reduction and Swelling Behavior Iron Ore Pellets". BSc. Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute Of Technology, Rourkela May 2013.
[8]C. Seaton., J. Foster. and J. Velasco. "Structural Changes Occurring during Reduction of Hematite and Magnetite Pellets Containing Coal Char". Transactions ISIJ, Vol. 23, 1983, pp.
[10]C. Bozco. "Interaction of Nitrogen with Iron Surfaces". Journal of Catalysis 49. pp16-41. 1977.
[11]L. Darken y R. Gurry. "Physical Chemistry of Metals". Mc Graw hIll . 1953.
[12]H. Weirdt and Z. Zwell, Trans. AIME. 229. 142. 1969.
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[14]E. Barret y C. Wood. Bureau of Mines R-I 3229. 1934


The gauge invariant contribution of the six radiatively corrected light-by-light scattering processes to the decay rate of orthopositronium into three photons is calculated. The infrared-safe Yennie gauge is used for the loop photons. The relative order of [alpha][sup 2] part of our result, 9.0074(9)([alpha][sup 2]/[pi][sup 2])[Gamma][sub LO], makes a 0.000350 [mu]s[sup [minus]1] contribution to the decay rate, thus reducing slightly the apparent discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental results. [Gamma][sub LO] is the lowest-order decay rate. The analytically obtained relative order [alpha][sup 2]ln [alpha] part of our result, [minus][alpha][sup 2]ln(1/[alpha])[Gamma][sub LO], is in agreement with earlier evaluations.


Effects of low temperature and ice nucleation active(INA) bacteria on pollen activity and germination in Youyi apricot flower organs were investigated.Results showed that low temperature decreased the pollen activity and pollen germination.Under stress of low temperature,the INA bacteria can reduce SOD and POD activities and raise the content of MDA.The result demonstrated that under low temperature the existence of INA bacteria aggravated the frost damage.


In the past couple of decades, non-smooth convex optimization has emerged as a powerful tool for the recovery of structured signals (sparse, low rank, etc.) from noisy linear or non-linear measurements in a variety of applications in genomics, signal processing, wireless communications, machine learning, etc.. Taking advantage of the particular structure of the unknown signal of interest is critical since in most of these applications, the dimension p of the signal to be estimated is comparable, or even larger than the number of observations n. With the advent of Compressive Sensing there has been a very large number of theoretical results that study the estimation performance of non-smooth convex optimization in such a high-dimensional setting. A popular approach for estimating an unknown signal β₀ ϵ ℝᵖ in a generalized linear model, with observations y = g(Xβ₀) ϵ ℝⁿ, is via solving the estimator β = arg minβ L(y, Xβ + λf(β). Here, L(•,•) is a loss function which is convex with respect to its second argument, and f(•) is a regularizer that enforces the structure of the unknown β₀. We first analyze the generalization error performance of this estimator, for the case where the entries of X are drawn independently from real standard Gaussian distribution. The precise nature of our analysis permits an accurate performance comparison between different instances of these estimators, and allows to optimally tune the hyperparameters based on the model parameters. We apply our result to some of the most popular cases of generalized linear models, such as M-estimators in linear regression, logistic regression and generalized margin maximizers in binary classification problems, and Poisson regression in count data models. The key ingredient of our proof is the Convex Gaussian Min-max Theorem (CGMT), which is a tight version of the Gaussian comparison inequality proved by Gordon in 1988. Unfortunately, having real iid entries in the features matrix X is crucial in this theorem, and it cannot be naturally extended to other cases. But for some special cases, we prove some universality properties and indirectly extend these results to more general designs of the features matrix X, where the entries are not necessarily real, independent, or identically distributed. This extension, enables us to analyze problems that CGMT was incapable of, such as models with quadratic measurements, phase-lift in phase retrieval, and data recovery in massive MIMO, and help us settle a few long standing open problems in these areas.


A 26-GHz CMOS power amplifier is designed with sea-of-gates transistor layout to improve matching for phased array applications. A systematic modeling technique is proposed and verified to develop the hybrid model for high-frequency simulations. The power amplifier achieves a peak gain of 20 dB with a 9.2-GHz −3-dB bandwidth. At 26 GHz, it can offer a saturated output power of 13 dBm with a peak power added efficiency of 27%. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement.


Decision Perception Analysis (DPA) is a technique now being discussed more and more in industry and government as managers seek ways of increasing productivity.

The objectives of DPA are:

(a) to measure the decision making preferences of people; and,

(b) to measure the decision making requirements of jobs.

With these variables known, people can then more effectively be matched to jobs, so leading to a higher level of job satisfaction for the individual and higher productivity for the organisation. The title of the technique, Decision Perception Analysis, was chosen to convey its intention — to analyse an individual's perception of the correct decision and then to utilise that information to fit the individual into a preferred job.


The nonlinearity parameters discussed by this panel can be interrelated analytically. On logarithmic scales straight line relationships result. Good agreement is found between predicted and observed quantities for power levels below the region where the gain deviates severely from its low level value.


Abstract : This dissertation explores the use of the standard PC as an alternative to the micro controller for controlling three-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) converters. The PC-based approach has advantages in the areas of software, hardware, organization/management, and development potential. Taking into account that the micro controller-based approach requires a host PC, the costs associated with both options are comparable. One disadvantage of the PC-based approach is that almost all system-relevant functions (for example, interrupt management) are handled outside the processor and, therefore, cannot be as effectively integrated as they can be with highly integrated micro controllers.


Due to recent years accident avoidance and crashworthiness on Austrian roads were mostly developed on national statistics and on-scene investigation respectively. Identification and elimination of black spots were main targets. In fact many fatal accidents do not occur on such black spots and black-spot investigation has reached a limit. New methods are required and therefore the Austrian Road Safety Programme was introduced by the Austrian Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology. The primary objective is the reduction of fatalities and severe injuries. Graz University of Technology initiated the project ZEDATU (Zentrale Datenbank tödlicher Unfälle) with the goal to identify similarities in different accident configurations. A matrix was established which categorizes risk and key factors of participating parties. Based on this information countermeasures were worked out.


We introduce the notion of quasi--metric space. After defining the basic topological properties of quasi--metric space, we investigate fixed point of certain mapping in the frame of complete quasi--metric space. Our results unify and cover several existing fixed point theorems in distinct structures (such as standard quasi-metric spaces, quasi--metric spaces, dislocated quasi-metric spaces, and quasi-modular spaces) in the literature.


Of the 15,044 North Carolina probationers removed from supervision between July 1 and October 31, 1993, 1147 (8%) chose to serve the remaining portion of their sentence in incarceration rather than under probation supervision. Those 1147 probationers were compared to a sample obtained from the remainder of the population. Variables which correlated with choosing elect-to-serve were identified. The strongest predictors were being under intensive supervision and financial difficulty, whereas the strongest predictors for not choosing to serve were being under the lowest level of supervision and being over age 24 at the time of first conviction.


Describes the ARMA concept, adaptive robotized multifunction assembly cell, as used at CTRI Robotics, a division of Dassault Aviation. The concept evolved in response to the demand for flexibility in automation system design, having recognized the inherent limitations of overspecialized equipment. Defines the mobility and placement corrective systems, the assembly process, information system, programming system, quality system, cell pilot, process control and man/machine interface. Concludes that the ARMA concept was implemented to provide the capabilities necessary automatically to assemble the Rafale fighter but, more importantly, is flexible enough also to assemble other and future aircraft.


The present invention relates to improvements in tube heat exchangers Shell and of these exchangers manufacturing processes. According to the invention, a heat exchanger (1) of heat between at least two fluids comprising a body (2) delimiting a cavity (3) of cylindrical axis (4), a beam (5) having a plurality of tubes (6) extending into the cavity; said body is essentially constituted by at least one profile section and has no caps fastening flange and / or the bundle, the sheets being fixed on the beam using a radial seal.


Objective: To explore the clinical effectiveness of heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix(AMD) membrane for guided tissue regeneration in treatment of periodontal defects.Methods: 30 periodontal defects were randomly assigned into two treatments: 20 for testing group using a combination of AMD and coralline hydroxyapatite(HA) grafting and 10 for control group using HA grafting alone.After six months of surgery,the change of clinical index and radiographic alveolar bone level were compared statistically.Results: The reduction of pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss and increasing level of alveolar bone of testing group were all higher than those in control group while the recession quantity was lower than that in control group(P0.05).Conclusion: Heterogeneous acellular dermal matrix membrane is effective for the treatment of periodontal defects.


The nc_Si∶H/c_S hetero_junction is fabricated and studied using nc_Si∶H films. Its I_V curves have good thermal stability and change little in the temperature range from 20 to 200℃. The existence of a large amount of interfacial states is resoponsible for the good switch characteristics of the nc_Si∶H/c_Si hetero_junction.


This report examines U.S. oil and natural gas production data for federal and non-federal areas with an emphasis on the past five fiscal years of production.


The present study utilized comprehensive survey research ( n= 256) to understand the reasons behind growing Shi'i support for Hezbollah in Lebanon. It argues that the origins of this support are correlated with the level of satisfaction with government performance and to the degree of personal religiosity displayed by the respondents. The results revealed that Shi'i respondents are first, more likely to support Hezbollah if they display intense religiosity levels. Second, government satisfaction is not a major predictor of attitude toward Hezbollah. Specifically, Shi'i respondents expressed favorable views toward the growth of Hezbollah, its use of force, the willingness to side with the party in case of confrontation, and manifested opposition to its disarming. If the existing attitudes hold, coercive action against the party threatens to undermine Lebanon's stability with regional implications.


Some radioisotopic approaches for following aspects of growth, development, and regeneration during life have been outlined. Despite their limitations, these techniques might provide fresh insights as to the rate and control of key biological events. 55 references. (auth)


Coding program is a dominant activity in programming cycle, nevertheless the equal attention must also given upon designing and evaluating the program in order to understanding the whole of the programming tasks. Unfortunately, these issues have not been addressed by current software visualization as a learning-aid tool. The development of 3De intended to help novice students to comprehend the multi forms of program from a higher level to a lower level within integrated environment. The basic idea of the system is to show students about the programming stages starting from designing problem-solving, developing code and validating logical flow of the program through visualizing multi level of program abstraction. Students preferred to construct their problem-solving visually, and 3De will simulate it to explain the program behaviour and data changing. A line-by-line auto generated syntax in C++ form will be produced accordingly and can be run in conventional C++ program developer


ABSTRACT
This research raises the study of organizational structures that characterize Travel and
Tourism Agencies found in the historic center of the city of Trujillo, which were in
operation during 2015.
This research is descriptive and the research design is non- experimental, because it is
seen to organizations in their own context , for later analysis. The population consisted of
100% of the agencies , a total of 48 .
The results indicate that the main feature of these organizations looking for satisfy local
and foreign tourist demands through coordinated by experts in each agency who fit the
requirements of consumers with offers market through traditional approaches and
processes innovative, using an informal process of internal communications ; which
coincides with the characteristics of a Adhocratic structure. Also, it is observed that the
structures share characteristics with other models of organizational structures, mainly
found the Simple and bureaucratic structure. It was identified that companies 0 to 1 year
and 1 to 3 years Adhocracy structure prevails with Simple Structure, and 3 years more
prevalent Adhocracy structure.
In conclusion, this study allowed us to determine that most organizations presents an
Adhocracy structure and simultaneously has characteristics of other structures.


The article describes effects of telomerization on proliferative activity in cultured cutaneous diploid fibroblasts obtained from an adult men aged 57 years. It is shown that the cells in the control culture initially divide quite actively, but starting from the 27th to the 40th passages, the rate of their division decreases and the time to reach the monolayer increases by about 2 times, and starting from the 42nd passage, the time to reach the monolayer increases by 4-10 times (up to 16-40 days). In a single case, an increase in the doubling time of control non-thelomerized cells was recorded up to 30 times (136 days). The introduction of the telomerase gene allowed cells maintain a high rate of cell division to about 45-47 passages. At the same time, the culture with the telomerase gene exceeds the control culture by 10 passages. Rate of growth the cells with telomerase gene after 48 and up to 57 passages slowed down by 10-18 times (up to 40-73 days). At the 47th passage in the control culture and at the 57th passage in the experimental culture, the cells practically stopped dividing and their number did not increase. The results show that the inclusion of the telomerase gene in adult fibroblasts does not always cancel the limit of cell divisions.


Bringmann et al., "First total synthesis of korupensamines A and B," Heterocycles, 39(2), 503–508 (1994). Bringmann et al., "Biomimetic oxidative dimerization of korupensamine A: Completion of the first total synthesis of michellamines A, B, and C," Tetrahedron, 50(32), 9643-9648 (1994). Hoye et al., "Total synthesis of michellamines A-C: Impor tant anti-HIV agents," Tetrahedron Letters, 35(47), 8747-8750 (1994). Kelly et al., "Convergent total synthesis of the michel lamines.' Tetrahedron Letters, 35(41), 7621-7624 (1994). Manfredi et al., "Novel alkaloids from the tropical plant Ancistrocladus abbreviatus inhibit cell killing by HIV-1 and HIV-2," Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 34(12), 3402-3405 (1991). Bringmann, "Biomimetische Synthesen beider Molekil halften der Ancistrocladusund der Triphyophyllum-Alka loide aus gemeinsamen Vorstufen," Liebigs Ann. Chem., 2126-2134 (1985). Flaig et al., "Reaktionen Mit Oxydierenden Enzymen Aus Mikroorganismen," Planta Med., 9, 123-139 (1961). Fleischhauer et al., "Messung und Berechnung der CD-Spektrender Biaryl-Alkaloide Ancistrocladein und Dionco phyllein A," Z. Naturforsch, 48b, 140-148 (1993). Laatsch, "Synthese von Biramentaceon, Mamegakinon und Rotundichinon," Liebigs Ann. Chem., 1321-1347 (1980). Benfield et al., "Studies of Fungal and Plant Laccases,' Phytochemistry, 3, 79-88 (1964). Bobbitt, et al., "Electrochemistry of Natural Products. III. A Stereoselective, Stereospecific Phenol coupling Reaction," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 93, 3551-3552 (1971). Boyd et al., "Novel Alkaloids from the Tropical Plant Ancistrocladus abbreviatus Inhibit Cell Killing by HIV-1 and HIV-2," J. Medicinal Chemistry, 34(12), 3402-3405 (1991). Boyd et al., "Anti-HIV Michellamines from Ancistrocladus korupensis," J. Medicinal Chemistry, 37(12), 1740-1745 (1994). Bringmann, The Alkaloids, 29(Brossi, ed.), Academic Press, New York, 1986, pp. 141-184. Bringmann et al., "Isoquinolines and Naphthalenes from B-Polyketones: Model Reactions for an Extraordinary Alka loid Biosynthesis," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 21(3), 200-201 (1982). Bringmann et al., "Regioselective and Atropoisomeric-Se lective Aryl Coupling to Give Naphthyl Isoquinoline Alka loids: The First Total Synthesis of (-)-Ancistrocladine," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 25(10), 913-915 (1986). Bringmann et al., "The Absolute Configuration of Michel lamine B, A Dimeric, Anti-HIV-Active Naphthyliso quinoline Alkaloid,' Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 32(8), 1190-1191 (1930). Bringmann et al., "Chiral Economy with Respect to Rota tional Isomerism: Rational Synthesis of Hamatine and (Optionally) Ancistrocladine from Joint Helical Precursors," Heterocycles, 28(1), 137-142 (1989). Bringmann et al., "Atrop-diastereomer Separation by Race mate Resolution Techniques: N-Methyl-Dioncophylline A and its 7-Epimer from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus," Phy tochemistry, 30(4), 1307-1310 (1991). Bringmann et al., "Dioncopeltine A and Dioncolactone A: Alkaloids from Triphyophyllum peltatium, "Phytochemistry, 30(5), 1691-1696 (1991). Bringmann et al., "Dioncophylline B, A Naphthylisoquino line Alkaloid with A New Coupling Type from Triphyophyl lum peltatum," Phytochemistry, 30(11), 3845–3847 (1991). Bringmann et al., "Ancistrobrevine B, The First Naphthyl isoquinoline Alkaloid with a 5,8-Coupling Site, and Related Compounds from Ancistrocladus abbreviatus," Phytochem istry, 31(11), 4011-4014 (1992). Bringmann et al., "(E)-Dioncophyllacine A, A Naphthyliso quinoline Alkaloid with a 4-Methoxy Substituent from the Leaves of Triphyophyllum peltatum, ' Phytochemistry, 31(11), 4015-4108 (1992).


The development of scientific and technological progress in recent decades has led to an increase in the consumption of natural energy carriers. This in turn affects mineral deposits – they are being depleted. In order to reduce energy consumption, the issue of energy conservation is relevant. One of the ways to solve this problem is to conduct research in the field of improving the efficiency of energy technology equipment with the subsequent development of universal technology and equipment for the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes. This article presents the most currently used methods of intensification of heat exchange processes, their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the most promising method is determined. The technology of forming a thermocontact (discretely rough) surface on a metal sheet is described. Expressions for determining the effort required to produce this surface under various conditions are defined. A method of experimental research and a tool for manufacturing a thermocontact surface are presented. As a result of experimental studies, it is found that, depending on the conditions of formation of the thermal contact surface, the analytical solution differs from the experimental values by 5.3–13.4 %. Another important factor affecting the shaping is the feed rate of the metal sheet, its optimal value is 1000–2000 mm/min.


Abstract We extend the declarative diagnosis methods to the diagnosis w.r.t. com-puted answers. We show that absence of uncovered atoms implies complete-ness for a large class of programs. We then define a top-down diagnoser,which uses one oracle only, does not require to determine in advance thesymptoms and is driven by a (finite) set of goals. Finally we tackle the prob-lem of effectivity, by introducing (finite) partial specifications. We obtain aneffective diagnosis method, which is weaker than the general one in the caseof correctness, yet can efficiently be implemented in both a top-down and ina bottom-up style.Keywords: Declarative diagnosis, Verification, Semantics, Debugging 1 Introduction The diagnosis problem can formally be defined as follows. Let P be a pro-gram, [[P]] be the behavior of P w.r.t. the observable property α, and I bethe specification of the intended behavior of P w.r.t. α. The diagnosis con-sists of comparing [[P]] and I and determining the "errors" and the programcomponents which are sources of errors, when [[P]] 6= I. The formulationis parametric w.r.t. the property considered in the specification I and inthe actual behavior [[P]]. Declarative diagnosis [15, 14, 11, 8] is concernedwith model-theoretic properties. The specification is the intended declara-tive semantics (the least Herbrand model in [15] and the set of atomic logicalconsequences in [8]).Abstract diagnosis [4, 5] is a generalization of declarative diagnosis, wherewe consider operational properties, i.e., observables (an observable is anyproperty which can be extracted from a goal computation, i.e., observablesare abstractions of SLD-trees). An example of a useful observable is com-puted answers. The diagnosis w.r.t. computed answers is expected to bemore precise than the declarative diagnoses in [15] and [8], which can bereconstructed in terms of the observables ground instances of computed an-swers and correct answers respectively [5]. The semantics involved in the


The creep properties of tin based lead free solders which are Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu and Sn7.5Zn3.0Bi were investigated at temperatures between 298K and 398K. The creep rupture time decreases with increasing the initial stress and the temperature. The analysis of creep curves of the tin based lead free solders apply the Omega method. The creep rate epsivdot is expressed by following formula : ln epsivdot = ln epsivdot0 + Omegaepsiv, where epsivdot0 and Omega, are experimentally determined. The parameter epsivdot0 which is the imaginary initial strain rate increases with increasing the initial stress and the temperature. The parameter Omega is temperature dependent but less dependent of initial stress. The activation energy for epsivdot0 is 108 kJ/mol at Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu and 83 kJ/mol at Sn7.5Zn3.0Bi. The energies suggest that the lattice diffusion of tin is dominant at creep deformation. The creep rupture time is calculated using the parameters, epsivdot0 and Omega. The calculated creep rupture time is good agreement with the measured time


This book analyzes verbally depicted experiences of survivors from the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One purpose to describe how the actors portray the social phenomenon of "war violence" "victimhood" and "reconciliation", and the second aim is to analyze discursive patterns that emerges in the creation of the terms "victim" and "perpetrator". My research questions are: (1) How do the interviewees describe war violence, victimhood and reconciliation after the war? (2) Which war-categories are highlighted in the stories?; (3) How do the interviewees describe life in the concentration camps?The construction of the category "war violence" is made visible in the empirical material when the interviewees talk about (1) a new social order in the society, (2) human suffering, (3) sexual war violence, and (4) human slaughter. All interviewees define war violence as morally reprehensible. In narratives on the phenomena "war violence" a picture emerges which shows a disruption of the social order existing in the pre-war society. The violence practiced during the war is portrayed as organized and ritualized and this creates a picture that the violence practice became a norm in the society, rather than the exception. Narratives retelling violent situations, perpetrators of violence and subjected to violence do not only exist as a mental construction. The stories live their lives after the war, and thus have real consequences for individuals and society. Throughout the narratives about crimes and encroachment in the camps the interviewed individual's take distance from the actions of the guards and the category concentration camp-placed. Retelling violations and resistance rituals show that the space for individuality in the camps were toughly limited but a resistance and status rituals together with adaptation to the living conditions in the camps seems to have generated a space for enhanced individualization. To possess somewhat control and have the opportunity to provide resistance seems to give an emotion of honor and self-esteem to the camp prisoners, not only during but also after the time of war. Their narratives today represent a form of continued resistance.When, after the war, different actors claim this "victim" status, it sparks a competition for victimhood. The competition between categories seems to take place on a symbolic level. Development taking place during and after the war has led to populations' being described based on four categories. One consists of "remainders", namely those who before, during, and after the war have lived in northwestern Bosnia. Another is "refugees", those who were expelled from other parts of Bosnia and Croatia into northwestern Bosnia. The third is made up of "returnees", those who were expelled from northwestern Bosnia during the war but have returned afterwards. The fourth is the "diaspora", individuals who were expelled from the area during the war and stayed in the new country. All interviewees want to portray themselves as "ideal victims", but they are all about to lose that status. The returnees and the diaspora are losing status by receiving recognition from the surrounding community and because they have a higher economic status; the remainders are losing status since they are constantly being haunted by war events; and the refugees are losing status by being presented as strangers and thus fitting the role of ideal perpetrators. It seems that by reproducing this competition for the victim role, all demarcations, which were played out so skillfully during the war, are kept alive.The interactive dynamics, which occurred during the war, make the post-war reconciliation wartime associated. Narratives about reconciliation, implacability and terms for reconciliation, are not only formed in relation to the war as a whole but also in relation to one's own and others' wartime actions. The narratives about reconciliation become an arena in which "we and them" are played against each other in different ways not least by rejecting the others' acts during the war. In the interviewees stories implacability is predominant but reconciliation is presented as a possibility if certain conditions are met. These conditions are, for instance, justice for war victims, perpetrators' recognition of crime and perpetrators' emotional commitment (for example the display of remorse and shame). (Less)


Abstract: Smart homes have been gaining a lot of momentum lately and people are rushing towards it, because of the ease of control, monitor and security that they offer. Although smart home installation has also become quite easier nowadays, but still pertains to be difficult choice to many, due to the exclusivity of the vendors or the inability of some vendors to support the Zigbee connection. Though Zigbee allows users to assemble their own choice of devices and consumption of low power, as long as the devices support Zigbee interface, but Zigbee still remains sort of unsafe and less capacious (expandable). Inter-vendor Intraoperability using Wi-Fi can provide easier installation and control options to the users and also increase the scalability of the smart homes, allowing the users themselves to choose from the devices that they want to install in their home, and providing them a common platform of control in form of a mobile application, from anywhere wherever the Wi-Fi or mobile internet provided. Also, the data transfer would be more secure and encrypted over Wi-Fi, faster and more expandable, even across the countries. In the project, we explore the interconnection of smart home devices from various vendor together with a Zigbee Bluetooth interface with a mobile application for control, enabling the smart homes more accessible by cost cutting.


The addition reactions of trichlorosilane and acetylene in an autoclave were carried out in the presence of platinized asbestos or of pyridine. In the case of the former catalyst, 1,2-di(trichlorosilyl)ethane was obtained exclusively. In the case of the latter, on the other hand, the principal product proved to be a mixture of 1,2- and 1, 1-di(trichlorosilyl)-ethane. The addition of trichlorosilane to vinyltri-chlorosilane in the presence of tetrapyridine nickel(II) chloride in glass tubes also led to the formation of a mixture of two isomers. Therefore, it might be considered that the reaction processes in the autoclave in the presence of pyridine was reproduced by the reactions in glass tubes. This situation seems to be analogous to that in the case of cyanoethylation of trichlorosilane which was previously reported.


This article presents a thresholding technique to detect hemorrhagic stroke in computed tomography images of head. Were used morphological operators, thresholding and easy operations between images on processing. Aiming execute this detection with as smaller time as posible and low computional cost. Thus, creating a viable computional tool (CAD ComputerAided Detection/Diagnostic) to help health professionals on the hemorrhagic stroke detection, mainly on health services do not specialize in radiology. Excellent results were obtained, as a sensitivity and accuracy 100 % for the database used. Keywords— Hemorrhagic stroke, Thresholding, Computed Tomography, Image processing.


T he University of North Carolina is switching electronic health records (EHRs) next year, and the University of Michigan did so last year. Many others already have or will be adopting them for the first time. What is behind these recent efforts? In two words: meaningful use (see Figure 1). The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has issued a set of standards that governs the use of EHRs to improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of health care. Attainment of these meaningful use goals is tied to financial incentives, hence the movement by so many health systems and practices to select and implement these systems. Although this change is long overdue, it is a system-wide organizational change that touches everyone. The amount of work, number of people involved, hours of training required, and hardware and software infrastructure needed to make this happen is nothing short of amazing. In addition, the financial and nonfinancial costs are enormous, although they may be recouped over time with the CMS incentives and improved data capture for billing purposes. But this is not the only change occurring in health care or in nursing. Healthcare providers are being asked to implement distress screening, create survivorship care plans, and focus on palliative care in oncology. With our combined 70 years of nursing, we have not witnessed so many big changes in health care in such a short time. The second author of this editorial experienced change fatigue firsthand when selecting a setting to implement her doctor of nursing practice capstone project on distress screening. Selecting a site that embodies the positive attributes of change was vital; therefore, a clinical group was sought with a reputation for beEditorial Deborah K. Mayer, PhD, RN, AOCN®, FAAN—Editor


A central venous catheter (CVC) is a device that is inserted into the superior vena cava. Central venous catheterisation was first performed in 1929 and is now common practice in a variety of health care settings (1). Although CVCs may be inserted by any doctor who has been trained and competencyassessed, the majority are inserted by anaesthetists and intensivists to be used in the high dependency setting. Knowledge of the indications and care of CVC lines is, however, essential knowledge for any foundation doctor.


This is a critical review of theories of known discrete X-ray sources. The Crab is omitted, having been dealt with in Woltjer's review. Two of the identified sources, Sco X-I and Cyg X-2, seem to be of the same sort. A binary or gas-stream model like that of Prendergast and Burbidge, with dimension R - 109 cm and density n - 1016 em-a, appears reconcilable with the observed features of these sources, though much detailed work remains to be done. Neither object is yet known to be binary. Theoretical work becomes more difficult if, as appears to be the case at least for Sco X-I, the objects are optically thick due to electron scattering; this may affect the optical and X-ray spectra. The recent searches for iron lines in the X-ray spectrum of Sco X-I are reviewed briefly. The calculations and the energy resolution are not yet good enough to make this a dependable test of models. Several possibilities are offered for explaining the excess radio flux from Sco X-I. Other theories of Sco X-I-type sources are discussed briefly. The theory of Manley and Olbert seems a little superfluous when the gas-stream theory is still in a strong position. There are serious discrepancies between X-ray and optical estimates of the distance to Sco X-I. 21-cm measurements must also be considered. The situation is reviewed, and ways out of the difficulty are discussed. Cen X-2 seems to be like Sco X-I, but several other unidentified sources have hard spectra like the Crab. It is tempting to speculate that most of the galactic sources are supernova remnants. The extended )I-ray source in the galactic plane may be the extrapolated unresolved sum of galactic X-ray sources, as suggested by Ogelman. There are several other possibilities. M87 is the only established extragalactic source. Radio, optical and X-ray observations are summarized and graphed. A power-law extrapolation to the X-ray band is far from mandatory; nevertheless the optical flux from the jet is known to be synchrotron radiation. The time-scale difficulties in the jet are described, and several theories of the survival of the optical electrons are reviewed. Processes for producing X-rays other than thermal bremsstrahlung and synchrotron radiation are listed. These other processes are characterized by low efficiency, and are likely to be unimportant in discrete sources, though several have attracted attention with reference to the diffuse background.


To understand and criticise the humanistic and ecological viewpoint, it is necessary to review attitudes in the structure of sentiments, which means reviewing (and as such, to question) convictions and theoretical beliefs. It is certain that the humanistic, holistic and ecological proposal is the essence of local development, which thus aquires major complexity and becomes a challenge for reflection.


Corresponding author: Nadia Bouabdallaoui, Department of Cardiology, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. Email: email@example.com A 63 year-old woman was admitted for recurrent syncope on exertion. She had a history of calcific bicuspid aortic stenosis treated three years previously with mechanical bileaflet aortic valve prosthesis (Carbomedics 25) associated to ascending aorta tubular graft replacement. Mean transprosthetic gradient was at 18 mm Hg by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) at discharge. She recently experienced subtherapeutic anticoagulant therapy with INRs (International Normalized Ratio) fluctuating from 1–5. She was complaining from exertional dyspnoea which developed over the last month with recent recurrent syncope. TTE displayed an increase in mean transprosthetic gradient (48 mm Hg). Computerised tomography (CT) scan showed a complete immobilisation of one of the aortic leaflets with acute thrombus, supporting the diagnosis of partial prosthetic thrombosis (Figure 1, Panel (a); Video 1). The patient underwent parenteral anticoagulant treatment (unfractioned heparin) along with antiplatlet therapy. Repeat TTE within 72 h showed a normalisation of mean transprosthetic gradient (11 mm Hg). Control CT scan showed the complete dissolution of the thrombus and a return to a normal leaflet motion (Figure 1, Panel (b); Video 2). There was no clinical evidence of peripheral embolisation. The patient was discharged on day 10 after advanced educational preparation for anticoagulant treatment. We report herein a rare case of a transient partial thrombosis of a mechanical bileaflet aortic valve prosthesis rapidly normalised with unfractioned heparin. We highlight the pivotal role of the CT scan in the assessment of mechanical prosthesis dysfunctions.


James Ultman, a faculty member at Penn State, studies mass transport in biological systems and medical devices, respiratory physiology, and environmental toxicology.


Background The World Allergy Organization estimates 520 million people with food allergy on the world. The data that support the prevalence fluctuate in relation of the method employed to obtain these, for example, questionnaires, measurements of IgE-specific, oral challenges; the last one is considerate the gold standard. Similar situation occur to allergy to cow´s milk (CMA), the prevalence reported is 1 to 17.5% in preschoolers, 1 to 13.5% in 5 to 16-year-olds, and 1 to 4% in adults. About 40% of infants referred for specialist management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) have CMA. This situation increases to 56% in severe cases. These allergic reactions are typically not IgE-mediated. The gold standard for GERD is the pH measurement in 24 hours (specificity 100%), exist other test more accessible, with considerable sensivity (80%) like scintigraphy. Methods The objective was determinate the frequency of GERD in patients with IgE-mediated CMA. We evaluated retrospectively 20 patients with IgE-mediated CMA of a group of 47 patients with food allergy between 6 months to 39 years aged. They had one or more IgE-specific to proteins that are considered major allergens: casein, beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) or alpha-lactalbumin (A-LA). All the patients had study to discard GERD, through by scintigraphy (study with more access in our Institute). Patients with CMA and negative scintigraphy, had pH measurement. We made 3 groups each one to represent the positivity of IgE-specific to major allergens and these were associated with the presence or absence of GERD. Results GERD was found in 80% of patient with CMA. 77.8% of patients with IgE to casein had GERD diagnosed by scintigraphy (P < 0.008) Likelihood ratio obtained for this relationship was 7; 70% of patients with IgE to A-LA have GERD (P < 0.03), the likelihood ratio was 4. No significant difference was found between the presence of IgE to BLG and GERD. Additionally, we found that 40% of patients with food allergy without CMA presented GERD. Conclusions We found high association between IgE-mediated CMA and evidence of GERD on Mexican people opposed to previous literature.


It is often the case that the integration of archaeology and Indigenous knowledges with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts, practices, and processes is missing in school-based contexts, which limits learners' perspectives of STEM. This study examined how an afterschool program focused on the intersection of STEM and the field of archaeology and Indigenous knowledges developed and/or enhanced middle school learners' perspective of (a) Indigenous people; (b) the field of archaeology; and (c) STEM concepts, practices, and processes. Data were collected through 15 focus group interviews held approximately six weeks after the program's conclusion. The results demonstrated that learners gained a new perspective of STEM, integrating Indigenous and Western perspectives; gained an understanding of archaeology and archaeological concepts; and made connections between STEM concepts embedded in the program and those within and outside of their school experience. Based on the results, we contend that the integration of alternative knowledges and ways of being and seeing the world within nonformal learning environments has the potential to diminish differences and/or tensions between Indigenous and Western knowledges and perspectives of STEM, as well as support archaeology as an approach to facilitating the learning and application of STEM concepts, practices, and processes.


Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) has emerged as a promising candidate for ultra-wide bandgap semiconductors for power devices due to its high breakdown field, large Baliga's figure of merit, and cost advantage of large size bulk crystals over SiC and GaN. Trench technology has been widely used to develop the MOSFET structure to reduce internal resistance. Due to the absence of p-type doping Ga2O3, the trench gate process is adopted as one of the effective methods to decrease the n-channel thickness to ensure the channel is fully depleted under zero gate bias voltage to implement Enhancement-mode Ga2O3 MOSFETs. Trench gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs have gained increasing attention. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in trench gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs, including vertical and planar MOSFET structures. Besides material properties and crystal growth, the device design and fabrication process of trench gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFET are discussed. The review of device performance involves the static characteristics, temperature-dependent, radio frequency, and switching properties of various trench gate β-Ga2O3 MOSFETs.


Western industrial cluster literature pays little attention to specialized markets (SMs) and the geographical agglomeration of distributors or sale agencies (SAs). This paper takes Linyin, Shandong, a famous commodity city in Northeastern China, as an example, to discuss the determinants that make SAs in SMs of the toy industry move towards upstream manufacturing. A structured questionnaire survey and subsequent interviews were carried out during 2011 and 2012 to collect data, and a Binary Logistic Regression Model was used to process the data. This paper looks from the perspective of global production networks theory, establishes an analytical framework that combines individual motivations of intra-firm coordination, local inter-firm relationships and dynamic cross-regional level relationships. The findings indicate that the expansion of SAs towards manufacturing allows them to sustain competitiveness under changing circumstances. The local inter-firm relationships within SM-based clusters not only makes it easy to obtain material and human resources with lower manufacturing costs, but also facilitates the access to production knowledge and technologies for an expansion of production scale. Cross-regional relationships with suppliers provide an informal channel for SAs to obtain skills, which is fundamental for an expansion into manufacturing. In addition, it is a preference for strengthening competitiveness rather than the simple pursuit of economic profit that encourages SAs to invest in manufacturing.


2013 News Literacyeracy Leaders Conference Photos (Hi-Resolution Photographs) 1024 x 6831/13 sec / 4.045 mm ISO 3200 Canon EOS-1Ds Mark III


This investigation involved the surveying of school psychology practitioners (N = 291) to determine the possible existence of a relationship between administrative pressure to practice unethically and impaired occupational health, as manifested in elevated levels of burnout, job dissatisfaction, and intent to exit the workforce. Almost one-third of participants claimed to have been pressured to behave unethically, with directives most commonly consisting of instructions to withhold recommendations for support services and to agree with inappropriate special education placement decisions. Practitioners who experienced administrative pressure reported higher levels of burnout, less satisfaction with their current position and the profession, and a greater desire to leave their job and the field of school psychology. The findings are presented within the context of current and projected shortages of practicing school psychologists. Implications for preventing burnout and promoting school psychologists' occupational well-being are discussed.


Maximal compression of a file may not be desirable in a practical communications network with varying bandwidth constraints and diverse computational power at network host and client locations. Maximizing compression can stress both the compressor and decompressor, while leaving data pathway(s) under utilized, and conversely, insufficient compression can introduce unnecessary bottlenecks. We present a compression based rate control model that can be used to maximize throughput in a network. We then present performance simulations for a network printer, where compression of print jobs is adjusted to minimize user wait time, subject to constraints on the currently available bandwidth and the resources of different printers.


d‐Psicose 3‐epimerase (DPEase) can catalyze the isomerization of d‐fructose to be rare sugar d‐psicose, which has wide application prospects in the food and medical fields. In this study, the DPEase gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens was constructed into plasmid pMA5, and was successfully expressed in the host Bacillus subtilis WB600 (B. subtilis). After optimization of the fermentation conditions, whole recombinant B. subtilis WB600/pMA5‐At‐DEPase(O) cells produced d‐psicose from d‐fructose with a conversion rate of 29.01 ± 0.19%, which could be used for the efficient synthesis of d‐psicose. To further improve the whole recombinant B. subtilis application, B. subtilis cells were immobilized onto a gel bead biocatalyst by Ca‐alginate. After optimization of the biotransformation conditions, the conversion rate of the immobilized biocatalyst reached 20.74 ± 0.39%, which was lower than the free cells. However, the results showed that the immobilized biocatalyst had higher thermal/pH stability and storability, and the gel beads could be recycled for at least six batches. The results showed that the amount of d‐psicose generated reached 32.83 ± 2.56 g/L with the immobilized biocatalyst after six times biotransformation, whereas the free cells produced only approximately 10.44 ± 0.07 g/L. The results showed that immobilized recombinant B. subtilis cells are promising to use for the efficient synthesis of d‐psicose.


The success of any project is to achieve the goal, get a unique product and meet the needs of stakeholders. Scientific projects are not an exception to the general rule, but have their own specifics and characteristics, in particular: complexity. The implementation of scientific projects takes place in conditions of complete uncertainty in the development of science, technology and engineering. To ensure the success of scientific projects, integrated risk management of scientific projects in conditions of uncertainty and behavioral economics was proposed. In order to implement it, it is proposed to develop methods of integrated risk management of stakeholders of scientific projects in conditions of uncertainty and behavioral economics, which take into account the assessment of personnel risks, conflicts and behavioral economics, as well as the calculation of "toxicity". These methods will help increase the efficiency of stakeholder management of scientific projects by reducing the negative effects of personnel risks, conflicts and behavioral economics. This study proposes the stages of integrated risk management of stakeholders of scientific projects in conditions of uncertainty and behavioral economics, based on the conceptual model of integrated risk management of scientific project conflicts in behavioral economics and the corresponding mathematical model. In addition, schemes for the implementation of the method of integrated risk management of stakeholders of scientific projects and the method of calculating indicators of "toxicity" of stakeholders of scientific projects are presented. The application of these methods will increase the efficiency of stakeholder management of scientific projects at the stage of initiation in the process of forming a register of project participants. In addition, they will reduce the likelihood of personnel risks, conflicts and behavioral economics associated with stakeholders in the implementation of scientific projects and will ensure the success of their implementation, obtaining a quality product and meeting the needs of stakeholders.


A Dielectric Resonator Method of Measuring Induc tive Capacities in the Millimeter Range; B. W. Hakki and P. D. Coleman; IRE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-8; Jul. 1960; pp. 402-410. Measurement of Small Dielectric Losses in Material with a Large Dielectric Constant at Microwave Fre quencies; R. O. Bell and G. Rupprecht; IRE Transac tions on Microwave Theory and Techniques; MTT-9; May 1961; pp. 239-242. Microwave Bandpass Filters Containing High-Q Di electric Resonators; Seymour B. Cohn; IEEE Transac ||||||||||||||||| US005449652A


This paper reports the miniaturization of a microstrip Wilkinson power divider by substituting the quarter wave transmission lines employed in conventional Wilkinson power dividers with its equal circuit consisting of two stubs and an inductor. Reduction of the device length to 53% its size are reported here. This Wilkinson power divider is designed at 2140 MHz for using in 3G-UMTS receivers. Furthermore, the second harmonic suppression is realized in this configuration and its frequency response is similar to low pass filters because of inductor. Also, the dividing procedure, the reflection coefficient and the isolation is as good as conventional Wilkinsons.


The operation of TGR (Three Gorges Reservoir) caused river erosion and water level decline at downstream, which affects the water and sediment exchange of river-lake (Yangtze River – Dongting lake & Poyang lake). However, the change of river-lake relationship plays a significant role in the flow and sediment process of Yangtze River. In this study, flow diversion ratios of the three outlets, Chenglingji station, Hukou station are used as indexes of river-lake exchange to study the response of river erosion to flow diversion ratios. The results show that:(1) the sediment erosion in each reach from Yichang to Datong has linear correlation with the flow diversion ratio of the three outlets; (2) the sediment erosion above Chenglingji has negative linear correlation with the flow diversion ratio of Chenglingji station. While the sediment erosion below Chenglingji station has non-linear correlation with the flow diversion ratio variation of Chenglingji station; (3) the reach above Hankou station will not be affected by the flow diversion ratio of Hukou station. On one hand, if the flow diversion ratio is less than 10%, the correlation between sediment erosion and flow diversion ratio of Hukou station will be positive in Hankou to Hukou reach, but will be negative in Hukou to Datong reach. On the other hand, if the flow diversion ratio is more than 10%, the correlation will reverse.


With the current generation of multiprogrammable pacemakers, inappropriate functioning is rare.1 However, since battery life in generators with a low energy usage can be extensive, some can be in situ for a long time. Therefore, there will be a limited group of patients still carrying an older type of pacemaker. When a suspected rhythm related problem is analyzed and pacemaker lead function is normal, programming issues on the older type of pacemakers have to be considered as a cause of possible problems.


∗ The nucleotide sequence reported here has been submitted to the NCBI nucleotide sequence database and available under accession number AY426251. Abstract In this study, a full-length cDNA fragment encoding putative mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) from Tetrahymena thermophila was cloned by using RT-PCR with degenerate oligonucleotide primers. Based upon the presence of 11 subdomains and TEY dual phosphorylation motif in protein kinase subdomain VIII, it is named as Tetrahymena thermophila mitogen activated protein kinase 3 (TtMPK3). TtMPK3 cDNA fragment has 1176 bp long single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a polypeptide of 391 amino acids with predicted size of 45.5 kDa. TtMPK3 is highly homologous to SLT2 of budding yeast and Erk1 of Giardia intestinalis. Southern blot analysis indicated that TtMPK3 is a single copy gene in Tetrahymena macronuclear genome. Western blot analyses with anti-carboxyl TtMPK3p peptide serum showed that TtMPK3 polyclonal antibody specifically recognizes only about 44 kDa expected size protein. Immunoprecipitates of anti-carboxyl polypeptide of TtMPK3p antibody tested in in vitro kinase assay showed kinase activity two to four times more than the control preimmune serum. Until today, four possible TtMPK genes including TtMPK3 were identified and the Tetrahymena Genome Project identified additional 11 members from p38 Erk and Erk7 subgroup of MAPK family in Tetrahymena genome.


IN THE LATE-SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, England became increasingly involved in the slave trade. During the same period, as numerous scholars have argued, a new form of personal identity developed. I want to suggest that the representation of these phenomena on the early modern English stage shows that they are interconnected. By attending to these interconnections, we can learn a good deal not only about early modern subjectivity but also about our own understandings of liberty and coercion. Using Othello as an example, I will argue that emerging understandings of selfhood help to explain ideas and attitudes about slavery and that they in turn illuminate emerging understandings of self.