Endothelial dysfunction refers to impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and implies widespread abnormalities in endothelial integrity and homeostasis. The ability to assess endothelial function has been critical to advancing our understanding of the significance of this complex monolayer to cardiovascular (CV) disease. Early human translational approaches required invasive assessments in the coronary and brachial circulatory beds but had limited utility. Popularization of brachial reactivity testing using ultrasound by Celermajer et al,1 better known as flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), allowed more widespread clinical application by providing an estimate of conductance vessel NO bioactivity in response to a fixed hyperemic stimulus.

Although the link between endothelial dysfunction and adverse CV events was first described in studies performed in the human coronary circulation,2 the development of this noninvasive method led to widespread expectations that FMD could be used as a risk prediction tool and as a surrogate end point for novel therapies. Numerous studies demonstrated significant association between impaired FMD and CV risk factors. Although studies in those with CV disease have shown prognostic association with lower FMD predicting worse long-term outcomes,2 the real promise of FMD as a noninvasive tool was in demonstrating predictive use in community-based population cohorts.

In the largest of just 3 studies addressing this question, Yeboah et al3 examined 3026 subjects free of CV disease from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. They demonstrated that, at 5 years, after multivariate analysis, each SD increase in FMD conferred a hazard ratio of 0.84 for incident CV events. Importantly, FMD also improved net reclassification of risk when compared with the Framingham risk score. Two further studies in more selected populations, including the Cardiovascular Health Study of elderly subjects and a study by Rossi et al4 on >2000 postmenopausal women, support these findings by demonstrating significant association …


Many of the gains won by the civil rights movements of the 1960s are now in danger of being overturned and affirmative action is rapidly becoming the most prominent target. In California, an initiative to eliminate state-sponsored affirmative action programs will most likely be on the 1996 ballot, and the movement to roll back these programs is going national. A drumbeat of objections to affirmative action, loaded with misinformation and distortions, fills the mainstream media. We hope the "Questions and Answers" presented here can help to correct misconceptions and shed light on the reality of affirmative action policies and their value for promoting equal opportunity for all. What is affirmative action? Affirmative action is a policy to encourage equal opportunity and to level the playing field for groups of people who have been and are discriminated against. According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, affirmative action "is considered essential to assuring that jobs are genuinely and equally accessible to qualified persons, without regard to their sex, racial, or ethnic characteristics." The roots of affirmative action he in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. At first, affirmative action aimed to eliminate racial imbalance in hiring policies, later the goals were extended to include college admissions and the awarding of government contracts. Subsequent provisions extended protections to all people of color, women, older people, and people with disabilities. Equal opportunity laws ban discrimination. Affirmative action goes farther by requiring employers to take "affirmative" steps to achieve a balanced representation of workers. A recent poll found that when questions are worded in clear language about the implications of doing away with affirmative action programs, 71% To of whites believe that such programs make "opportunities for everyone, including women and minorities" and 68% of those sampled approved the use of these programs to achieve equal opportunity for all (San Francisco Examiner, May 1, 1995.) Does affirmative action mean hiring or promoting unqualified people just because they are minorities or women? No. First of all, affirmative action calls for the hiring of qualified people. Opponents of affirmative action say that to get qualified people, hiring policies should be based only on "merit," as if other factors are not normally considered. There have always been preferences, yet no one ever said they "Lowered quality" until they began to be applied for the benefit of people of color and women. Employers tend to hire people like themselves and to think of them as the most qualified. "Merit" becomes the justification for this. It's more difficult to see and trust the qualifications of someone who is different. Even a former Republican California State Senator doubted that "there are enough white employers who would hire people from minority communities without the encouragement of affirmative action policies" (San Francisco Chronicle, March 31, 1995). Most jobs are found by word of mouth. Since neighborhoods and social networks tend to be segregated, word of mouth leads to the perpetuation of discrimination, intentionally or not. Affirmative action pushes employers to try harder, to cast a wider net. Without this extra effort, many employers would do what they have always done: maintain that they couldn't find a "qualified" woman or person of color and hire the white man they wanted anyway. The anti-affirmative action position assumes a narrow, oversimplified conception of merit based on test scores, grade-point average, or other measurable standards. Yet many tests are inadequate for predicting success. Numerous studies have found that there is only a slight relationship between test scores and performance or professional achievement (Seattle Times, March 12, 1995). On the other hand, there is a major relationship between race, income level, educational resources, and test scores. …


Common-to-differential mode PCB transitions are present in most PCB implementations. Although they behave in an ideal way at low frequencies, they can show significant effects at higher frequencies, due to their multimode behavior. These effects can cause a degradation of the signal integrity. In this paper, a rigorous circuit model for common-to-differential mode PCB transitions is presented and tested. The model splits the contribution of common and differential signals (modes) ports, and allows analysis of circuits that present different responses to either mode. The model is tested in several PCB configurations. The good agreement between circuit simulation and measurements validates the model and demonstrates its utility as a design tool.


ABSTRACT Social connection and agency are typically conceptualized as antecedents of well-being, yet the relative contributions of each for well-being are not yet well known. Moreover, whether or not well-being can lead to social connection and agency has not received sufficient research attention. In the present study, we test longitudinal effects of social connection, agency, and emotional well-being over a time span encompassing 13-years and four quadrennial measurement waves (total N = 22,980). Controlling for age and gender, random-intercept cross-lagged structural equation modelling suggested that earlier emotional well-being significantly predicted future agency and social connection. Similarly, earlier agency predicted future emotional well-being and social connection. However, contrary to previous findings, earlier social connection did not significantly predict emotional well-being or agency in the future. These results suggest that building emotional well-being, in addition to agency, may lead to the best social, emotional and cognitive well-being outcomes.


1.4-Dihydropyridines of formula (I) is prepd by reacting the cpd. of formula (II) and the cpd. of formula (III) with acid acceptable material e.g. triethyl amine or calcium carbonate, at 20-70 deg.C in organic solvent e.q. acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or dimethyl form amide. In the form ulas, R1 is 2,3-dichlorophenyl, difluoromethoxy phenyl, 1,2,3-benzooxadiazole-4-il, 2- nitrophenyl, 2-trifluoromethyl phenyl or 3-nitrophenyl; R2 and R3 are each C1-4 straight or branched lower alkyl; X is halogen. The obtd. (I) is useful pharmaceuteucally for cadiovascular disease.


Throughout human history, the role of sunlight to sustain life on earth has been recognized. The contribution of sunlight starts with photosynthesis, promoting the growth of plants and crops, which then feed the entire lifecycle, humans being an integral part of the natural process. Interestingly, over 100 years ago as the plastic revolution began and everything natural started to be replaced with their artificial version, sunlight didn't lose its appeal. Only recently, scientists started to think of the sun as a liability.


Using ultrasound data from more than 4000 pregnancies in women in 8 countries, researchers have identified ideal standards of fetal growth and development.


The 30-year struggle for independence in Viet Nam took a huge toll on women, but even in the hardest times, Vietnamese women received support from the world-wide women's movement. As the world prepares to enter the new millennium, it is important to determine what policies can be created to prevent war and guarantee peace. These policies must grow out of international agreement on basic principles such as respect for independence and sovereignty and must not resort to the embargoes and sanctions that have placed a disproportionate burden on women and children. Another challenge of the new millennium is to encourage implementation of national programs, policies, and measures to help women realize their rights while preserving traditional family values. Despite the heightened visibility of the international women's movement, women still suffer from widespread inequalities. In accordance with the goals of the Communist Party of Viet Nam, the 8th Congress of Vietnamese Women in 1997 created a national plan for women that is a blueprint for the women's movement for the years 1997-2000. Among the goals are creating jobs for women, upgrading their standard of living, eliminating hunger, decreasing poverty, and ensuring that women have educational opportunities. Vietnamese women also seek to strengthen their relationship with other women in the international community, and the Vietnamese Women's Union has actively forwarded the objectives of the Federation of International Democratic Women.


This paper is an attempt to reveal the major achievements of the comparative philological Slavonic-Germanic research conducted separately in six European countries during the last 20 years (1998-2018). The purpose of the paper is to show the main tendencies in the field of translation studies, based on the comparison of two language groups: Germanic and Slavonic. Using the bibliographical approach and synchronizing their efforts, the co-authors pointed out the special sides in each national area of translation studies.


Diego de Pantoja's forty-seven years of life are an example of dialogue and encounter between distant worlds. His intellectual formation and his pastoral intuition made possible some milestones that were difficult to repeat: he is the first Spaniard to set foot in the Forbidden City, the one who obtains the honours with license to bury Mateo Ricci in Chinese soil and the one who will face the challenge of defending a form of work and evangelical insertion that entailed respect for the culture of the host country. His refutatios and final memorials were a vain attempt to defend a missionary style.


Using an integrated colliding-pulse mode-locked semiconductor laser, we demonstrate the existence of nonlinear dynamics and chaos in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) by demonstrating a period-doubling transition into chaos. Unlike their stand-alone counterparts, the dynamics of PICs are more stable over the lifetime of the system, reproducible from batch to batch and on faster time scales due to the small sizes of PICs.


Objective To evaluate the clinical significance and prognostic value of the newly appeared persistent right bundle branch block (RBBB) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Methods 15 patients with AMI and newly appeared persistent RBBB admitted in our hospital from 1990 to 1999 were studied as observed group The other 20 patients admitted in the same period with AMI but without bundle branch block were studied as the control group The myocardial infarction spectrum (MIS),severe complications and in hospital mortality were analyzed Results The observed group had higher MIS,more severe heart function damage,more severe ventricular arrhythmias and much higher in hospital mortality rate than that in control group Therer was significant difference between two groups Conclusion Newly appeared persistent RBBB with AMI is a mark of malignant clinical course and bad prognosis


Medical school admissions systems should be guided by workforce requirements, says Mohammed Ahmed Rashid, and so selection should be tailored to favour traits common to generalists


This paper deals with the usage of interactive simulations tools to serve as an oriented design tool for the lectures and laboratory experiments in the power electronics courses. A dynamic and interactive visualization of simulations for idealized converters in steady state are provided by the proposed educational tools, allowing students to acquire qualification in non-isolated DC-DC converters, without previous circuitry knowledge, either without the usage of sophisticated simulation packages. The interaction with proposed simulation tools can be accomplished by student using direct or graphic mode. In direct mode the parameters related with the design of converter can be inserted simply editing default values presented in text boxes, while in the graphic mode students interact indirectly with design information by manipulating visual widgets. In order to corroborate the proposed interactive simulation tools, comparisons of results from buck-boost and boost converters on proposed tools and a well-known simulator package with those on experimental evaluation from laboratory classes were presented.


A melamine derivative bearing two guanidinium ions binds 6-azaflavin via hydrogen bonds at N(1), C(2)=O, N(3)–H, C(4)=O, N(5), and N(6) positions, and affects considerably the redox properties in CHCl3 containing 20% (v/v) CH3CN.


The present study was designed to compare the effects of a mnemonic strategy which utilized context to facilitate word recognition and identification with a context-free strategy. Specifically, disabled readers were taught to recognize and identify meanings for abstract words either through the mediation of a picto-organizer or through flashcard presentation. The idea of a picto-organizer evolved from an earlier study (Alvermann, 1980) in which students recalled a story using key vocabulary terms schematically arranged to show hierarchical and parallel relationships among words (see Barron, 1969). The picto-organizer provides pictorial clues to word meanings as they are used in the context of a story. This direct meaning-bearing property of the picto-organizer makes it particularly appealing, since much of the criticism leveled again mnemonic strategies in the past has been that they help only with meaningless, rote learning (Bellezza, 1981; Higbee, 1979). THE MNEMONIC VALUE OF THE PICTO-ORGANIZER FOR WORD IDENTIFICATION AMONG DISABLED READERS Donna E. Alvermann UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, ATHENS Research on the role of memory in reading, particularly as it relates to the disabled reader, has increased substantially in the last fi ve years. In fact, evidence has accumulated which indicates that reading disabled youngstears, as a group, perform more poorly. than normal children on tasks involving memory skills (Berger & Perfetti, 1977; Pelham & Ross, 1977; Wong, Wong, & Foth, 1977). Some researchers have even suggested that reading disabilities may result from deficiencies in memory skills rather than in perception (Morrison, Giordani, & Nagy, 1977). Torgesen (1977, 1978-79), too, found general support in the literature for his observations that disabled readers rarely use verbal labeling, cumulative rehearsal strategies, or structuring as memory aids. Nevertheless, the results of some of the research Torgesen reported did suggest that certain memory deficits in disabled readers may be overcome by instruction in the use of mnemonic strategies. (Meaning "aiding the memory," mnemonic can refer to unusual, artificial techniques, and as in the case of this report, to visual imagery.) The present study was designed to compare the effects of a mnemonic strategy which utilized context to facilitate word recognition and identification with a context-free strategy. Specifically, disabled readers were taught to recognize and identify meanings for abstract words either through the mediation of a picto-organizer or through flashcard presentation. The idea of a picto-organizer evolved from an earlier study (Alvermann, 1980) in which students recalled a story using key vocabulary terms schematically arranged to show hierarchical and parallel relationships among words (see Barron, 1969). The picto-organizer provides pictorial clues to word meanings as they are used in the context of a story. This direct meaning-bearing property of the pictoorganizer rmkes it particularly appealing, since ITILlch of the criticism leveled again mnemonic strategies in the past has been that they help only with meaningless, rote learning (Bellezza, 1981; Higbee, 1979). METHOD Subjects and Design The 34 disabled readers (23 boys and 11 girls) who participated in the study were enrolled in a university tutoring program. Their ages ranged from 8 years, 4 months, to 13 years and 10 months (M = 10 years, 3 mos.). The mean grade-equivalent score for instructional reading level as measured by the Classroom Reading


Based on material collected during the mid- to late 1980s new distributional records for the anchialine shrimp, Caridina rubella Fujino & Shokita, 1975 are presented. Asides from the Ryukyus, Palawan and Sulawesi, the species is now also recorded from Tahiti, Niue, Tonga, Western Samoa, the Loyalty Islands, Solomon Islands, Bohol and Panglao. Attention is drawn to the considerable rostral variation in the species.


June 20, 2008 PRLog -Mark Hergert, President of AutoNet Financial has recently formed a new service that is being referred to as NAIL. Too often Mr. Hergert and many other Auto Dealers or those in the business have encountered leads that are no good. There are fly-by-night lead generation companies that are causing an epidemic of invalid leads which are leading to major problems such as fraud, loss of money, loss of time, and worst of all a loss of trust.


In a pathologic collection of 722 congenital heart lesions we have observed 10 cases in which a ventricular septal defect was associated with obstruction to normal left ventricular outflow. These cases are presented in the framework of a classification relating hemodynamics to the position of the obstructing lesion and the size of the ventricular septal defect. One additional case observed clinically and at operation is also reported to make more nearly complete the classification of the anatomic arrangements in which the common denominators are ventricular septal defect and obstruction to normal ventricular outflow.


Web archives about school shootings consist of webpages that may or may not be relevant to the events of interest. There are 3 main goals of this work; first is to clean the webpages, which involves getting rid of the stop words and non-relevant parts of a webpage. The second goal is to select just webpages relevant to the events of interest. The third goal is to upload the cleaned and relevant webpages to Apache Solr so that they are easily accessible. We show the details of all the steps required to achieve these goals. The results show that representative Web archives are noisy, with 2%-40% relevant content. By cleaning the archives, we aid researchers to focus on relevant content for their analysis.


Datalogging has the potential to facilitate and extend opportunities for inquiry-based science by providing data and different modalities of representation with minimum effort. The realtime data display provides an immediate link between an experiment and its graphical representation, enabling students to visualize the course of the experiment. It also frees experimentation from time constraints as data can be collected over days, and relieves students from tabulating data and drawing graphs by hand, allowing them to concentrate on the interpretation of data. This paper describes some aspects of a national survey of 593 science teachers on the use of datalogging in Singapore secondary schools (Grades 7-10) and junior colleges (Grades 11-12), interviews of three Science Heads of Department, and classroom observations of datalogging activities. The results suggest that the unique affordances of datalogging are not being fully realised in science learning because teachers generally lack the vision for how dataloggers can be used to enhance the student learning experience in inquiry-based science. Introduction Datalogging methods involve the use of electronic sensors and interfaces to measure and record changes in variables during experiments, variables such as temperature and pH. Data are automatically collected and can be displayed in the form of tables and graphs on a computer screen. This overcomes the time lag between the experiments and the graphs which students would plot manually, and can increase the likelihood of students relating the graphical or diagrammatical representation of relationships to the activity itself (Barton, 1997a; Osborne & Hennessy, 2003); Linn and Hsi (2000) found that when students graphed their own data, they seldom watched the experiment, made many mistakes and lost track of the point of the experiment. A key pedagogical technique used with datalogging, the Predict – Observe – Explain, is also enhanced through the viewing of the representation of the phenomenon on the screen soon after making a prediction (Osborne & Hennessy, 2003). The most recent datalogging software supports sophisticated analysis and transformation of data and graphs. Thus, datalogging can increase students' participation in the investigation by reducing the "laboriousness of work" (Osborne & Hennessy, 2003, p. 27); it frees students from taking complex measurements, tabulating data, drawing graphs by hand, and executing complex calculations. The benefits of datalogging depend on the quality of students' thinking about the experiment, for example, asking questions about the experimental design and data, making links with other information, making comparisons and predictions, and looking for trends. It is of little use if the students watch the screen passively and uncritically while the data are being tabulated and graphs plotted, and without actually understanding what is being represented (Newton, 1997; Osborne & Hennessy, 2003; Roger & Wild, 1996). Thus, it is important to "encourage pupils to remain active while the machine is collecting data, using the 'time bonus' purposefully to think critically about and discuss the experiment in more depth" (Osborne & Hennesssy, 2003, p. 31). Datalogging also expands the range of questions that can be investigated and the data that can be collected in school contexts by allowing measurements of transient phenomena, as well as monitoring data collection over several hours, days or even weeks (Osborne & Hennessy, 2003; Singer et al., 2000). In sum, it extends learners' powers of observations and improves the quality of measurement (Rogers & Wild, 1996) © Ministry of Education, Singapore 2005 1 ASERA 2005, 6-9 July 2005, Hamilton, New Zealand Dataloggers were introduced in Singapore schools under the first Information Technology (IT) Masterplan (1997-2002). Secondary schools and junior colleges were given six sets of dataloggers for each laboratory that the school had. Training on the use of dataloggers was mainly provided by the equipment vendors, with the Educational Technology Division, Ministry of Education, Singapore, providing several follow-up workshops. A study of the implementation, efficacy and use of dataloggers in science lessons or project work was initiated in December 2003. This paper describes some of the results obtained from an online survey of science teachers in all secondary schools (Grades 7-10) and junior colleges (Grades 11-12) and interviews with three Science Heads of Department. It includes how dataloggers were used in schools and the opportunities for students to engage in inquiry-based science. The online survey questionnaire The questions in the online survey were designed to collect information from Science Heads of the Department (HODs) and science teachers on their use of dataloggers in science teaching. Two pilot studies involving open-ended questions were conducted, involving a total of 22 teachers from five secondary schools and 11 teachers in professional development graduate programs at the National Institute of Education, Singapore. After the items were finalized, the survey was posted on the website for general access. The questions focused on: 1. whether the Science HODs and teachers had used dataloggers in their lessons, 2. if they had used dataloggers, the subjects and topics in which they used dataloggers, 3. the types of tasks involving dataloggers, 4. the teacher's role in datalogging activities, 5. the pupil's role in datalogging activities, 6. how pupils were prepared to use dataloggers, 7. whether pupils were able to interpret data, 8. whether inquiry-based activities were conducted, and if so, how were the inquiry-based activities were conducted, 9. the support structures required for datalogging activities, and 10. the difficulties they faced in conducting datalogging activities. Examples of the items in the online questionnaire are given in the Appendix. The options in the multiple-choice items of the questionnaire were derived from the data collected in the two pilot studies. A majority of the items allowed the respondent to select more than one choice, for example, to capture the various ways the teacher used dataloggers in class. Most items also had an 'others' option which allowed the teacher to provide any response which was not included in the options given. The free-response questions allowed the teacher to elaborate on more specific situations and issues, for example, the difficulties faced by students using dataloggers, and how the teacher helped them to overcome any difficulties. In July 2004, letters and emails were sent to the Principals and Science HODs of all secondary school and junior college in Singapore, explaining the objectives and nature of the research project, with a request that six teachers, including the HOD, complete the survey. A total of 175 HODs and 875 science teachers from 175 schools were invited to participate in the online survey. After five weeks, when the online survey was closed, a total of 114 responses from HODs (65.1% of the target) and 479 responses from science © Ministry of Education, Singapore 2005 2 ASERA 2005, 6-9 July 2005, Hamilton, New Zealand teachers (54.7% of the target) were received. The overall response rate to the online survey was 56.5%. Survey results The survey responses showed that 394 respondents (66.4%) had used dataloggers in the past two years (at the time of the survey), 91 (15.3%) last used them more than two years ago, and 108 (18.2%) had not used dataloggers at all. The 394 respondents were thus classified as users of dataloggers, past-users (91), and non-users (108). The users included significantly higher percentages of the two most experienced groups of teachers, those with 16 to 20 years (75.4%) and over 20 years (75.7%) of teaching, than the least experienced teachers, those with less than 5 years of teaching (57.5%). This unexpected finding conflicted with common assumptions about technology use, in that younger teachers were expected to be more adept and more exposed to information technology (Figure 1). Figure 1. Percentage of the different user types in each years of teaching category 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80


Rosuvastatin belongs to the category of statins, used in combination with calcium channel blockers, analgesics and other class of cardiovascular disease drugs in the treatment of high cholesterol and related conditions to prevent cardiovascular diseases. The clinical and pharmaceutical analysis of these drugs requires effective analytical procedures for quality control, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies. An extensive survey of the literature published in various analytical and pharmaceutical chemistry related journals has been conducted and the instrumental methods which were developed and used for determination of Rosuvastatin in combined dosage forms have been reviewed. This review covers various analytical methods for estimation of Rosuvastatin calcium and Fenofibrate in combined dosage forms, such as spectrophotometry, derivative spectrophotometry and various high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods that were published from 2010 to 2014.


AbstractIn the first half of this research, this study examines the trend in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the economically important northwest Western Australia (NWA) TC basin (equator–40°S, 80°–140°E) based on statistical analyses of the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and large-scale environmental variables, which are known to be closely linked to the formation and longevity of TCs, from NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. In the second half, changes in TC activity from climate model projections for 2000–60 are compared for (i) no scenario change (CNTRL) and (ii) the moderate IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario (EGHG). The aims are to (i) determine differences in mean annual TC frequency and intensity trends, (ii) test for differences between genesis and decay positions of CNTRL and EGHG projections using a nonparametric permutation test, and (iii) use kernel density estimation (KDE) for a cluster analysis of CNTRL and EGHG genesis and decay position...


Scheduling and guaranteeing strict timeliness for real-time communication across large networks, like those envisioned in the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT), in coexistence with non-critical traffic, opens up a remarkable opportunity of application for Deterministic Ethernet. However, the inherently dynamic behavior and flexibility required in IoT systems contrast with the typically static design of scheduled time-triggered networks. This paper explores the feasibility of online incremental synthesis of network schedules that adapt to such dynamic behavior without losing the strict timeliness guarantees. We investigate the computational complexity of the incremental scheduling problem and profile performance metrics enabling the evaluation of potential trade-offs setting the boundaries of online-close to real-time- time-triggered scheduling for the Industrial Internet of Things.


Purpose. Improving the efficiency of agricultural production by creating a reliable energy supply system and reducing the negative impact on the environment.
Methods. Methods of system analysis and design of technical systems.
Results. General principles of building an efficient system of using natural and own renewable energy sources in agriculture. Structure and parameters of the energy supply system of agro-industrial production.
Conclusions
1. Ukraine faces the task of increasing the share of renewable energy in its total energy balance almost 3 times over the next 15 years – from 8 to 25%.
2. From the standpoint of various areas and the complexity of the organization of application, availability of raw materials and opportunities for the necessary maintenance of certain advantages in rural areas has solid biofuels.
3. The integrated indicator of the advantage of the mobile line of granulation of solid biofuels over stationary in rural areas is determined by the ratio of 3.9: 1.
Keywords: agricultural production, renewable energy, efficiency.


The movement of Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas, Mexico began in 1994, succeeding in generating a change in Mexican society by valuing indigenous liberation practices. However, a state of emergency is instituted in Zapatista territories according to laws that grant amnesty and regulate the legal vacuum. Certain Mexican artists such as Erick Beltrán, Gabriel Kuri, Abraham Cruzvillegas and Pablo Kubli, contribute critical reflections with works sustained in the context of pure violence of the State. The theoretical framework is constrained by the theories of Carl Schmitt, Walter Benjamin, Giorgio Agamben and Achille Mbembe, who contribute to the understanding of the state of exception that the State implements by modifying sovereignty and Human Rights. The method used in the article corresponds to the reception of literary texts. The artistic pieces that are integrated by Pablo Kubli represent the interdisciplinary contribution of the social sciences and the practice of art, with images, schemes and interventions that are argumentative reflections of the environment of globalized violence, and of social resistance to the paradigm of modification of autonomy in intervened regions. In addition, a comparative approach with states of emergency of globalized countries is proposed according to the events of September 11, 2001 in New York and March 11, 2004 in Madrid, among others. Starting from the Mexican experience and from global countries, the term of sovereignty is modified by the violence of the State over territories cut off by the permanence of the state of exception and restrictions on constitutional guarantees.


The purpose of the article is to determine the content of the category \"social responsibility\", the definition of structural and logical relationships between the given category and allied ones. As a result of a comprehensive study of existing definitions of the term \"social responsibility\", the definition of the phenomenon was suggested by the author. The comparative characteristics of related concepts possible to determine the common and distinctive features between them was conducted and the conclusion was made that corporate social responsibility includes phenomena such as charity, philanthropy and volunteerism. Prospects for further research in this direction is the study of the principles that guide the subjects of socially responsible activities, as well as the definition of tools and results of social responsibility at all hierarchical levels


Objective To compare the priority and the postoperative effect between two kinds of microkeratomes.Methods Laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)was done in 400 patients(790 eyes)randomly with rotating microkeratome(394 eyes,group A)or oscillating microkeratome(396 eyes,group B).Postoperatively,patients were checked at 1 day,3 day,1week,2 weeks and 1 month.The outcomes of complications and effects of 2 groups were compared and analyzed.Results There were 5 eyes that appeared free or incomplete corneal flap in the group A(1.26%),while in the group B were 2 eyes(0.51%);2 eyes appeared flap fold and move in the group A(0.51%),while 2 eyes appeared flap melt in the group B(0.51%).There were no significant differences of the postoperative visual acuities between two groups(P0.05),but at 1 month postoperatively,the difference of break up time(BUT)was statistically significant between two groups(P0.01).Their were no significant differences of the corneal topographic map analysis and slit lamp microscope examination.Conclusions LASIK operations with rotating microkeratome and oscillating microkeratome are both effective.The oscillating microkeratome group(group A)is superior to the rotating microkeratome group(group B)on BUT 1 month after operation.


One of the fundamental tenets of numerical linear algebra is to exploit matrix factorizations. Doing so has numerous benefits, ranging from allowing clearer analysis and deeper understanding to simplifying the efficient implementation of algorithms. Textbooks in numerical analysis and matrix analysis nowadays maximize the use of matrix factorizations, but this was not so in the first half of the 20th century. Golub has done as much as anyone to promulgate the benefits of matrix factorization, particularly the QR factorization and the singular value decomposition, and especially through his book Matrix Computations with Van Loan [28]. The five papers in this section illustrate several different facets of the matrix factorization paradigm.


The power network investment demand could present significantly different characteristics at different development stages,and how to accurately forecast this demand is a very important issue for a power grid company so as to develop the optimal investment strategy,optimal planning scheme for the power network concerned,as well as the optimal operation strategy. Given this background,according to the relationship between the power network investment demand and development stages,an adaptive bell curve model with an environmental factor is first presented to de-scribe the investment demand curve. Then,the effectiveness of this model is demonstrated by using the actual historical investment data of Japanese power industry in the period from 1955 to 2010. Finally,the investment demand of a provincial power grid in East China is investigated by employing the proposed model,and the impacts of symmetry and time lag in the investment demand curve on investment allocation are also examined.


An automatic system for the acquisition and analysis of interference patterns has been constructed and used in conjunction with a holographic interferometer to study temperature distributions in cavities filled with homogeneous transparent media. System performances and typical experimental results are reported.


Multinational corporations (MNCs) manage production or deliver services in many countries. These corporations are required to comply with applicable U.S. laws and those of their host countries; however, the business environments differ from country to country as well as standards, practices, laws, ethics, culture and system of government. As a result, U.S. multinationals face various dilemmas and challenges in the global business environment as they strive to increase productivity, revenues, and profitability and at the same time comply with the existing laws against bribery and corruption in both home and host countries. This study reviewed the existing literature and examined the findings of the U.S. Department of Justice on select U.S. MNCs in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). Bribery as instrument of business practice has adverse impact on the multinational corporation, the host country, and the home country. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has been instrumental in controlling the U.S. businesses in bribery conducts abroad. The stiff sanctions against the violators have been effective in compliance assurance. It is recommended that countries with low corruption perception index enact or enforce their existing laws against bribery and corruption and MNCs utilize the assurance framework to avoid corrupt practices.


Realization of simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) wireless systems is desirable for spectral efficiency but challenging due to difficulties in isolating the receiver from the transmitter. A twin-pair STAR architecture based on two identical sequentially-switched delay line (SSDL) circulators is proposed for STAR. The twin-pair approach uses one circulator as a real-time model of the other circulator which is used for communication, thereby allowing cancellation of transmit signals from the receiver before reaching the first low-noise amplifier (LNA). A wideband SSDL circulator is designed and characterized to study its suitability in the proposed STAR architecture. The circulator has spur-free (over-multiplexed) operation up to 48 MHz and under-multiplexed operation up to 1.0 GHz with an insertion loss <10 dB and isolation >25 dB.


The Resolution of the UN General Assembly in 2000 has mandated to discuss indigenous issues related to economic and social development, culture, environment, education, health and human rights. In national law, the recognition of the existence of traditional people with customary rights can be found in Article 18 B paragraph (2) and Article 28  paragraph  (3) of  the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945. This study discusses the rights that grow and thrive in indigenous communities in Bali which are associated with the life of society and state. Also the responsiveness or recognition of Indonesia to the presence of the state constitution means the rights of indigenous peoples has grown and developed  in Bali and empowerment efforts  need to be done for   the rights of indigenous peoples has grown and developed in Bali to be able to be a force in the life of society and state. Studies on the identification of the rights of the traditional lifestyle that are recognized in the community as well  as prospective empowered in the state of life in Indonesia can be classified as a normative legal research conducted on the relevant legal materials. Legal materials and supporting information that has been gathered up with regard to research on the identification and analysis of the rights of traditional communities in Indonesian Studies State Laws (A Study of Traditional Balinese Community) Firstly the description  and  interpretation  was  carried  out,  or  interpretation of the normative propositions found to be further systematized in accordance with discussion on the subject matter of this study. The results of this analysis are three techniques to evaluate and analyze its content according to the given arguments and conclusions of law to get a top issue in this study. States have  an obligation to give recognition to indigenous peoples based on the constitution. Responsiveness or the constitutional recognition of the existence of  the rights  of indigenous peoples has grown and developed in Bali are envisaged in the constitution, namely Article 18B  paragraph  (2) and  Article 28  paragraph  (3)  of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945. The constitutional mandate must be obeyed by state officials to regulate the recognition and respect for indigenous peoples in some form of legislation. While the empowerment of local people has been recognized by constitution, yet much remain to be done. The rights of indigenous peoples which has grown and developed in Bali should be legally enforced in the life of society and state.


Tear ing prop er ties of tex tiles has drawn much at ten tion due to re cent ap pli ca tions to bul let-proof or ex plo sion-proof vests. How ever, the tear ing pro cess is very com plex, which is in flu enced by bulk ma te rial and geo met ri cal fac tors as well, and there is no a ma tured the ory for the tear ing pro cess, which lim its op ti mal de sign of the tex tiles. De spite many ex per i men tal stud ies, we still lack fully un der stand ing of the tear ing pro cess. In this pa per, tear ing prop er ties of tex tiles with Steiner tree struc ture are stud ied ex per i men tally and the o ret i cally in or der to de velop a re li able math e mat i cal model. The the o ret i cal anal y sis elu ci dates that cell size and the cell's ma te rial in a struc ture cell of Steiner tree are the two main fac tors af fect ing the tear ing prop er ties, which are ver i fied ex per i men tally. The the o ret i cal pre dic tion of tear ing strength will be greatly ben e fit for geo met ri cal struc ture de sign for tex tile ma te ri als in the fu ture.


Simple Summary The major obstacle for the long-term success of targeted therapies in melanoma is the occurrence of resistance. Here, we present a new mechanism of targeted therapy resistance in melanoma where the treatment with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib causes an increased activation of HER3 via shed ligands. This is followed by an activation of STAT3 via HER3 and results in the expression of the STAT3 target gene SOX2. Pharmacological inhibition of HERs sensitizes melanoma cells toward vemurafenib treatment. Thus, blocking HER family members and especially HER3 in addition to targeted therapy treatment might prevent the occurrence of resistance. Abstract Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer that is often characterized by activating mutations in the Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) kinase pathway, causing hyperproliferation of the cancer cells. Thus, inhibitors targeting this pathway were developed. These inhibitors are initially very effective, but the occurrence of resistance eventually leads to a failure of the therapy and is the major obstacle for clinical success. Therefore, investigating the mechanisms causing resistance and discovering ways to overcome them is essential for the success of therapy. Here, we observed that treatment of melanoma cells with the B-Raf Proto-Oncogene, Serine/Threonine Kinase (BRAF) inhibitor vemurafenib caused an increased cell surface expression and activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) by shed ligands. HER3 promoted the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) resulting in upregulation of the STAT3 target gene SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2 (SOX2) and survival of the cancer cells. Pharmacological blocking of HER led to a diminished STAT3 activation and increased sensitivity toward vemurafenib. Moreover, HER blocking sensitized vemurafenib-resistant cells to drug treatment. We conclude that the inhibition of the STAT3 upstream regulator HER might help to overcome melanoma therapy resistance toward targeted therapies.


We were struck by the permissiveness of the report commissioned by Public Health England on e-cigarettes compared with a contemporaneous US academy report.123

The PHE review states that "e-cigarette use alone or in combination with licensed medication and behavioural support . . . appear to be helpful in the short term."1 By contrast, the US review says, "There is insufficient …


Nonadiabatic transitions play crucial roles in various dynamic processes in physics, chemistry, and biology. This is true also for laser control of molecular dynamics. In this lecture, I will first explain the importance of nonadiabatic transitions together with the basic theories and then demonstrate how various molecular processes can be controlled by manipulating lasers. Actually, by controlling nonadiabatic transitions among dressed states, we can control various molecular processes.


Chemistry of β-aminocrotononitrile is well documented in the literature. However, systematic study on its acylation reaction with acid chlorides and its immense potential in synthesis has not yet been reported as review articles. This short review describes reaction and regiopreference of β-aminocrotononitrile when reacted with acid chlorides in presence of an organic base.


Abstract Studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the mutation to the psbA. plastid gene that confers s-triazine resistance (R) also results in an altered diurnal pattern of photosynthetic carbon reduction (CER) relative to that of the susceptible (S) wild-type. In all experiments CER approximated the increasing and decreasing light levels during the diurnal. S C ER exceeded that of R during the midday period, but R CER was greater early and late in the diurnal at 25 °C. R CER exceeded that of S for most of the diurnal at 35 °C and in older, crowded, nitrogen-starved plants. These studies support the stated hypothesis and indicate a more complex model of photosynthetic productivity than previously observed. An assessment of the photosynthetic competence of either biotype may be a function of the time of day or the environmental conditions the plants are exposed to, especially temperature.


The invention discloses a high-precision detection instrument for measuring flatness of a large machine part. The high-precision detection instrument comprises a displacement sensor device, an information communication and processing module and an instrument stand. The instrument stand is composed of a base and a support, wherein the support is fixed on the base. The displacement sensor device is formed by three or more high-precision displacement sensors and the information communication and processing module, wherein the high-precision displacement sensors are fixed on the support. A measurement method of the detection instrument comprises the following steps of 1, instrument calibration; and 2, detection. The detection instrument is simple in structure and using method, convenient to use, high in automation degree, digitization degree and measurement precision and low in manufacture cost and measurement cost. The indicating precision of the detection instrument is 0.001mm and is the highest macroscopic measurement precision currently. Furthermore, the detection instrument is durable, long in service life and low in maintenance cost.


Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors date back to 1888 when Otto Lubarsch found multiple tumors in the distal ileum of two patients at autopsy (Lubarsch, 1888). The German pathologist Siegfried Oberndorfer was the first who used the term "Karzinoide Tumoren", the English translation of which is "carcinoid tumor". He coined this term because these tumors behaved less aggressively than true carcinomas (Oberndorfer, 1907). Oberndorfer contributed to the Department of Pathology of Istanbul University where he remained full professor and director until his death in 1944 (Dogan & Hot, 2010; Kloppel et al., 2007). In 1914, Gosset and Masson first mentioned neuroendocrine features of carcinoid tumors. In 1954, Thorson and co-workers described the term "carcinoid syndrome" after they found that the tumors contained serotonin and patients with small intestinal carcinoid tumor and liver metastases presented with the characteristic symptoms of diarrhea, flushing, asthma, and right heart failure (Thorson et al., 1954). It was soon recognized as a distinct entity after they were reported in several organs belonging to bronchopulmonary system and gastrointestinal tract (Yalcin, 2006). Although better named as "neuroendocrine tumors" after the WHO meeting in 2000, these tumors have been traditionally called "carcinoids" especially at some specific locations such as the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, the terms "carcinoid tumor" and "neuroendocrine tumor" are used interchangeably throughout the text.


The utility model discloses an electrode clamping tool, including copper billet and base, the top of base is equipped with the U -shaped groove, is equipped with the connecting piece that is the shape of falling L between U -shaped groove and the copper billet, the front end in the plane of connecting piece section is fixed to the copper billet, and the vertical section of connecting piece is inlayed at the U -shaped inslot. The utility model discloses fix the copper billet on being the base of U -shaped through the connecting piece. Not only saved the copper material, also ensured the security of electrode processing, avoided stretching out the problem that the produced resonance of overlength caused the electrode bullet wound because of the copper material.


A Magnaporthe oryzae mutant B11 was obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation(AtMT) method,which enhanced the pathogenicity to barley.Southern blotting analysis indicated that T-DNA insert in the B11 genome was single copy.TAIL-PCR and sequence alignment analysis indicated that the T-DNA insertion broke the putative gene locus MG01679.By using PCR-based method,the DNA and cDNA of the gene locus were cloned and sequenced.The open reading frame of the gene includes one intron and two exons.And the coding sequence is 696 bp long and encodes a 231 amino acid peptide.Protein similarity analysis indicated that the product of the gene belongs to the ThiJ/PfpⅠ protein family,and the gene was thus assigned MgThiJ1.MgThiJ1 shows 57% similarity to FOXG_09029 from Fusarium oxysporum,and 54% similarity to FGSG_08979 from Fusarium graminearum in protein sequence.MgThiJ1 gene may be a negative regulator to vegetative growth and pathogenicity in filamentous fungi,and its specific mechanism need to be studied further.


Once upon a time, the CSCE had three baskets: the politico-military, the economic-environmental, and the human. When it was in its teenage years, these became the institution's three dimensions. Once it had grown up, it noticed that one dimension was much stronger than the others. It concentrated on this dimension, which appeared to be doing so well. It largely gave up on the one that never worked. But, with respect to the third dimension – the one that had once been so important but, of late, was increasingly facing problems – it did not know what to do. Although the OSCE has been attempting to rethink its politico-military dimension for quite a while, the situation remains inconclusive. The members of the OSCE family continue to be divided on the matter, particularly since they have decided to address the problems of the Organization, their child, in all their complexity, seeking remedies for a host of policy and organizational problems. This article addresses the problems the politico-military dimension of the OSCE has been facing recently. It analyses the objective conditions and the interests of the major players as well as the various proposals put forward lately to give a new lease on life to this dimension. Although subjective factors contribute to the problem and the solutions offered, it is the starting assumption of this article that there are objective underlying reasons why the politico-military dimension faces problems when some participating States are interested in helping it regain the gleam it once had. There is no reason to reiterate those shortcomings of the OSCE that represent general constraints on its activity. However, attention should be called to the fact that some of the characteristic features that experts often cite as strengths of the Organization (comprehensive participation of European states, flexible and adaptable organizational structure, etc.) may also be considered weaknesses. It has been fashionable to speak about the crisis of the OSCE. There is one major difference between the current situation and those faced in the past: It used to be only academic experts who noted the OSCE's decline. Now those who act on behalf of the Organization also share the same critical view – although the language they use is understandably somewhat toned down. The sense of crisis and the crisis proper should be differentiated. The former undeniably exists, whereas the latter requires some qualification.


The invention relates to a method of electroless Ni-P alloy on surface of magnesium alloy, comprising following steps: (1) degreasing: the magnesium alloy is degreased in non-phosphate alkaline degreasing solution with a temperature of 55 deg C to 65 deg C; (2) acid cleaning: a mixture of organic acid and anionic surfactant is used as magnesium alloy acid cleaning solution instead of traditional chromic acid solution to remove oxide film of the surface of the magnesium alloy; (3) surface conditioning: the acid cleaned magnesium alloy is processed surface conditioning in alkaline surface conditioning solution with a temperature of 80 deg C to 100 deg C; (4) activating: the surface conditioned magnesium alloy is processed activation in HF solution; (5) acid dipping zinc; (6) nickel plating: in a condition that the temperature is 80 deg C to 90 deg C and ph value is in the range of 5 to 6, a brightener is added into electroless nickel solution to process nickel plating reaction Ni-P alloy coating. The invention has following beneficial effects: (1) reducing pollution for environment and damage for bodies of operators, and at the same time, easily controlling the operation and uneasily losing control for process parameters; (2) improving appearance of the Ni-P alloy coating, and being provided with better decorative.


Oligothiophene S,S-dioxides from dimers to pentamers were obtained in good yields by reaction of mono- and dibrominated thiophene S,S-dioxides with the appropriate thienyl stannanes in the presence of Pd(AsPh3)4 generated in situ. The reaction rate with brominated thiophene S,S-dioxides is greatly accelerated compared to that employing thienyl bromides to obtain the parent oligothiophenes. HF/6-31G*ab initio calculations on 2,2'-bithiophene and the corresponding mono- and bis-S,S-dioxides show that the functionalization of the thienyl sulfur to the S,S-dioxide does not affect the π,π* nature of the frontier orbitals, decreases the energy of the LUMO much more than that of the HOMO, increases the degree of planarity of the molecular skeleton, and leads to higher syn anti rotation barriers about the carbon−carbon bond.


A solid-state voltammetric gold amalgam microelectrode has been developed for the measurement of dissolved O 2 , S(-II), Fe, and Mn in the porewaters of marine sediments. This electrode can provide more information at (sub)millimeter depth resolution on all of the major redox species found in the environment than membrane microelectrodes which usually can measure only one of these species per electrode. We describe the construction, standardization, analytical validation, and application of a microelectrode to marine sediments. The use of the microelectrode takes advantage of the fast scan voltammetric methods for simultaneous measurement of all redox species during one potential scan. Electrochemical conditioning of the solid-state microelectrode between voltage scans while deployed in waters and sediments allows for repeated use of the electrode. Finally, we demonstrate depth profiles at millimeter resolution for the redox species in a Delaware salt marsh. The profiles observed are consistent with the known biogeochemical cycling of the target redox species. In addition, we provide evidence for H 2 O 2 , iron(II) sulfide complexes, and iron(III) colloids or organic complexes in porewaters.


Tax benefits are the most important instrument of state regulation of economy that affects a condition of the institutional environment of entrepreneurial development. Taxes of the Russian Federation are established at three levels: federal, regional and local. At the present time tax benefits for all kind of taxes of the Russian Federation can be established at the Federal level of management. Thereafter additional tax benefits can be introduced at the regional and local levels. New principles of establishment of tax benefits which are supposed to be applied in the Russian Federation according to the Main directions of tax policy for the midterm perspective are considered in the article. In article the new principles of establishment of tax benefits which are supposed to be applied in the Russian Federation according to the Main directions of tax policy for the medium term are considered.


The motivation for a satellite mission to measure surface winds (stress) and surface currents is described. The mission concept is explained, and a successful example is shown based on simulated satellite sampling of the output a high-resolution ocean model with and without anticipated measurement noise.


In this short note, we show the behavior in Orlicz spaces of best approximationsby algebraic polynomials pairs on union of neighborhoods, when the measure ofthem tends to zero.


The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and capital structure by looking at 30 Tec-Dax-companies. One crucial aspect is the potential impact that the capital structure may have on corporate success. In particular, we are investigating whether owner-run businesses are more successful than those run by managers. In conclusion, it can be stated that there is a curvilinear relationship between management ownership and debt ratio. Furthermore, the results play a key role in stimulating the capital structure debate and allow a better understanding of the differences in the capital structure and their impact.


23. Bull FCL, Schipper ECC, Jamrozik K, Blanksby BA. How can and do Australian doctors promote physical activity? Prev Med 1997; 26 866-873. tension, so the community health gains are likely to be substantial if overall activity levels could be increased. Progress towards the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) weight maintenance strategy could also be facilitated by increased physical activity." Careful inspection of the evidence suggests that the activity required for health may be more moderate than previously thought; there is no longer an absolute need for achieving "aerobic" or vigorous levels of activity. Current recommendations, expressed in the National Physical Activity Guidelines," include the "accumulation of at least 30 minutes of moderate activity on most days of the week" as the central focus, and making incidental and everyday activities more common (such as using the stairs or walking to local shops). This makes the goal of becoming sufficiently active more achievable.l-" A number of possible reasons why physical activity is under-reported in the medical media can be proposed. First, physical activity may not be of interest for journals or doctors. It is a behaviour, requiring brief advice for all patients (as for smoking), and, if time permits, more detailed counselling and skills training. Doctors may perceive they have little time or insufficient skills for such counselling about activity leve1s. l s , 16 Another possible reason relates to clinical interest being driven by marketing forces, which means that pharmaceutical paradigms might predominate. There is little commercial benefit to be obtained from promoting moderate physical activity, so private sector sponsors are unlikely to materialise. Further, doctors are likely to attend educational sessions and programs sponsored by private sector companies, and expertand clinician-driven agendas seem to place treatable risk factors most firmly on this educational agenda. This may drive editorial policy in this area, and appears to do so internationally. Our data suggest the need for physical activity advocacy, not only by public health personnel, but also by journal editors and senior clinicians. There is a need to reposition physical activity commensurate with its importance as a riskfactor for heart disease and diabetes, and as an evidence-based preventive approach for many other conditions. Medical practice is a central setting for


The multichannel radar system with positive feedback through target is proposed in the text below. If there is no target in the space only noise signal with low power arise. If target presents in the space self-oscillations arise and during processing time they become more powerful. This system analysis is presented for pulse and complex signals.


Udemy is an online learning platform with 157,000 courses, 40 million users, and 428 million course enrollments. But despite its size and reach, Udemy's catalog has not been the subject of much research. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by presenting a comparative analysis of Udemy's catalog, focusing on the provider's pricing strategy across different regions (USA, India, and France), and comparing its course offerings with those of other providers (Coursera, edX, and FutureLearn). To achieve this, we collected Udemy's course data and conducted a descriptive analysis of the provider's catalog. We then focused on Udemy's pricing model, comparing free and paid course offerings. Finally, we conducted a macro analysis of some of the features of the mentioned offerings across multiple providers and regions of the world. Among others, we found that Udemy's top-20% courses by enrollment account for about 90% of the platform's total enrollments. Udemy's free courses have a median enrollment of about 20 times that of paid courses. Udemy's list prices vary significantly across regions of the world. And while about 80% of Coursera, edX, and FutureLearn courses are free or free-to-audit, just under 10% of Udemy courses are free.


Legend. Adherence in vitro of Candida albicans (CA) and Candida tropicalis (CT) to sections (length, 4 cm) of 16-gauge catheters made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or Teflonb (Travenol Laboratories, Deerfield, Ill). Yeast cells were labeled with [14C]glucose, washed, and suspended in Hanks' balanced salt solution at a concentration of 107 cfu/ml, standardized with a hemacytometer. The final yeast suspensions contained >90% singlet organisms and had >99% of the total scintillation counts in the cellular fraction and <1% of the counts in the supernatant. To facilitate counting, adherence was restricted to the external surface of the catheters by sealing catheter ends. Catheters were immersed in the yeast suspensions and incubated at 37 C for 60 min on a roller drum. Catheters were then washed three times, the ends were removed, and the remaining 4-cm sections were counted in AQUASOLp (New England Nuclear, Boston). All test samples were assayed in quadruplicate. Values for adherent cfu per catheter section were derived by comparison of the radioactivity of test samples with that of standardized labeled yeast suspensions. Mean x SD values are indicated. 10


Liquid-phase-separation-type (LPS-type) amorphous alloys, in which both LPS and amorphous-phase formation were realized, demonstrated the supercooling of the separated liquids to the liquid-to-glass transition temperature (glass transition temperature) without the crystallization of the liquids, resulting in a particular solidification microstructure that simultaneously included LPS and amorphous-phase formation. LPS behavior with a large amount of supercooling and/or multistep LPS leads to the formation of a solidification microstructure that cannot be achieved through conventional solidification processes in metals. In the case in which a large volume fraction ratio exists in the two liquid phases formed by LPS and a large amount of supercooling of the separated liquids is realized, a nano-emulsion-like structure, in which fine globules from the minor separated liquid are embedded in the matrix from the major separated liquid, is formed. Among the number of immiscible alloys with LPS reported to date, Fe–Cu and Co–Cu alloy systems have been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically. The Fe–Cu alloy system shows a flat liquidus Development of Fe–P–C–Cu Immiscible Amorphous Alloys with Liquid Phase Separation


In the effort to enhance the recovery of waste energy, data centers are drawing attention because of the huge amount of heat discharged from the computer racks. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems are a viable solution to exploit servers' waste heat, as it is available at very low temperatures. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of integrating a micro-ORC system into data centers cooling systems and its potential energy saving. An experimental analysis is carried out on a kW-scale ORC test bench, with R134a as working fluid. Heat is supplied at temperatures and flow rates in the range respectively 40-55 °C and 1.8-5 m3/h, consistently with typical values observed in data centers application, showing the second law efficiency varying between 5% and 13%. Furthermore, a steady-state model of the micro-ORC has been recalibrated and validated against experimental data; the built-in volume ratio of the reciprocating piston expander has been optimized to improve the filling performance of the machine. A parametric analysis, varying the boundary conditions within their range of interest for this application, and the working fluid (R1234yf and R1234ze(E)), shows that a maximum second law efficiency of 30% is achievable with R1234ze(E).


Abstract Background and aim To systematically evaluate the associations between glycemic control and short- to long-term outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Design and methods A multi-center prospective cohort study including 574 COVID-19 patients with T2D were conducted in Wuhan, China. All patients were followed-up 1 year after hospital discharge using a uniformed questionnaire including self-reported symptoms, and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT) items. Results Of the 574 patients, 443 (77.2%) had well-controlled blood glucose. Glycemic control was significantly associated with decreased risk of death (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.57), ICU admission (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.49), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.72), disease progression (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11-0.55), and composite outcome (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14-0.49). The top five long-term sequelae include fatigue (31.5%), sweating (21.2%), chest tightness (15.1%), anxiety (12.2%), myalgia (10.6%), and short breath (6.4%). Glycemic control was associated with decreased risk of respiratory sequelae (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.99, P = 0.048). Conclusions Glycemic control was significantly associated with short-term outcomes in COVID-19 patients with T2D, and showed a significant association with long-term respiratory sequelae. The management and control of blood glucose has a positive impact on prognosis of COVID-19.


OAuth 2.0 protocol has enjoyed wide adoption by on-line Social Network (OSN) suppliers since its origination. Though the safety guideline of OAuth two.0 is well mentioned in RFC6749 and RFC6819, many real-world attacks because of the implementation speciVcs of OAuth 2.0 in varied OSNs are discovered. According to our information, previously discovered loopholes square measure all supported the misuse of OAuth and many of them deem supplier facet or application facet vulnerabilities/faults on the far side the scope of the OAuth protocol. It was generally believed that correct use of OAuth two.0 is secure. During this paper OAuth is studied with its varied aspects and characteristics.


Myxedema coma is a critical disorder with high mortality rates. Disruption of the compensatory mechanism for severe and long-term hypothyroidism by various causes leads to serious complications, including hypothermia, respiratory failure, circulatory failure, and central nervous system dysfunction. The most common causes of myxedema coma are thought to include infectious disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, sedative medicines, exposure to the cold and surgery in patients with poorly controlled hypothyroidism. We present a case of an 82-year-old female presented with complaints of loss of speech for 3 days, complaint of easy fatiguability for 3 days, altered sensorium since 1 day, weakness of both upper and lower limbs for 3 days and the patient attenders complaint of that patient is not taking food and difficult in swallowing since 3 days. In spite of the foregoing, patients with decreased mental status who have undergone thyroid surgery or hypothyroidism should be evaluated for myxedema coma. Additionally, this condition may be caused on by chronic hypothyroidism or by experiencing acute precipitating events like sepsis, a cerebrovascular accident, gastrointestinal bleeding, exposure to cold, trauma, or taking certain medications. A high mortality rate was noted, so patients whose myxedema coma is suspected should start receiving treatment right away.


The principal objective of this paper is the performance evaluation of Multi-Input Multi-Output Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (MIMO-NOMA) for Next Generation Wireless Communication Systems. The efficiency of the MIMO-NOMA technique over Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) and Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) is examined by using distinct parameters, in particular, Power Allocation (PA), Bit Error Rate (BER), Outage Probability (OP), and Channel Capacity (CC). A system model for MIMO is assumed for the two-user scenario. A Rayleigh fading channel is assumed between the Transmitter and the receiver. By using Rayleigh fading channel coefficients, calculated the achievable rates and SNR equations for all techniques and then compared each parameter with others. Finally, the simulation results are provided to facilitate the performance analysis of MIMO-NOMA for a next-generation wireless communication system and also demonstrate the accuracy of the developed analytical results.


Ornithodoros erraticus (Lucas, 1849) ranges from southwestern Europe through North Africa to Iran. Southwards, small, localized populations occur in Kenya and Uganda. In certain more humid areas, females measure over 5.2 mm. in length; these populations arc known as the "large form." In dry areas only the "small form" occurs.


In this paper, a comparative study among various fault detection techniques used for induction motors with stator winding turn fault is presented. In these techniques the three-phase voltage and current waveforms at the terminal of the motor are used to extract the fault signature. This study is based on simulating the faulty motor on phase (abc) fiame. The effect of load, fault resistance, and fault location "faulty turns percentage" on the accuracy of fault detector determination are investigated. Also, the imperfections existed in motor and voltage source unbalance are studied and corrected to cancel their effects on fault signature. Applicability of each of the techniques to on-line use is examined. The results revealed the most appropriate technique among the compared fault detection techniques. +I d .Sp.dl> +L! &9i d U S Y L a 1 W l 691 L l j~ M i I& .L 3 4 4 1 &id + .MI A," 4 4 1 LA+I & d J @ 1 3 J&I p~ bb .e9% ,+i~d~zj,.~pij~&L!& ~ G ~ U ; J I L~~KJMI &+i; .ABC J&! >W~I I I 5 &&,dl @ I&L\~ .%& & &!& &i&! L\>J i;a .&yi > J d ! jl&p.d! &.hiJ*j & d l .+9yl GI & K p . d 2 pLk.yl dL%Y Lpl&l& $1 &&. dl &&I &d


Additional data from the 3.2-msec-period destructive test were analyzed. Recovery and cleanup operations in the Spert I area were completed. Each of the 270 highly enriched, aluminum-clad fuel plates in the core was found to have experienced melting to some degree. The available data on the nature of the pressure pulse and on the condition of the core fuel plates at the time of the pulse are consistent with the hypothesis that the observed destructive effects were produced by a self-propagating steam explosion resulting from the dispersal of molten fuel plates into the water throughout the core. A series of tests was initiated to determine the response of the Spert IV plate-type core to step- inputs of reactivity at ambient temperature, for various initial system conditions of hydrostatic head above the core, and forced coolant circulation rate. Power excursion tests with initial reactor periods in the range from 1 sec to 8.5 msec were performed with an 18-ft hydrostatic head above the core and no forced coolant circulation. Tests with periods of 20, 12, and 8.5 msec were also performed with a 2-ft head. No significant change was observed in the peak power, power burst shape, energy release, or transientmore » pressure behavior as a result of the head change. The fuel plate surface temperatures were slightly higher for the 18-ft head tests. Tests with periods in the range from 500 to 10 msec were performed with a forced coolant flow rate through the core of 5000 gpm (12 ft/sec) with the 18-ft hydrostatic head. For tests with periods longer than about 100 msec, the addition of forced flow tends to eliminate the initial power peak and to increase the equilibrium power level. For shorter-period tests, the initial power peak is increased slightly when flow is added, but the effect decreases as the period is shortened. A series of damped secondary power bursts is observed in the short-period tests with flow. Fuel plate surface temperatures are reduced by the addition of flow for long-period tests, but for tests with periods shorter than about 30 msec, the available 12 ft/sec flow velocity had little effect on the temperatures. Four-group, one-dimensional diffusion theory calculations were performed to provide preliminary information pertinent to the selection of specifications for low-enrichment, oxide fuel rods to be used in planned future test programs in Spert III and Spert IV. Data from a series of high-power pile-oscillator experiments previously conducted in Spert I with the P- 18/19 core at a mean power level of 400 kw and a bulk-water temperature of 66 deg C were processed to extract the phase and amplitude of the over-all frequency response of the system. The departure of the measured high-power transfer function from the theoretical low-power transfer function is significant only for frequencies below about 1 cps. Computational procedures were developed to calculate the feedback transfer function directly from the measured step- transient power response of the reactor. (auth)« less


Through analyzing the characteristics of the time-of-use(TOU) electricity price and benefits it achieved,the influence of the TOU price on the power consumption of Shanghai Power Grid is explained.The different effects achieved by enterprises of different industries after implementing the TOU price policy are introduced,and the role that the TOU price plays in peak averting and valley filling,as well as its technical and economic benefits are analyzed and evaluated.


Introduction Argument-1 -Values | Configuration | Paradox | Alternation | Definition and credibility -Enclosure and emptiness in representation of the whole | Indications and coding systems -Categories and cognitive engagement through topoi | Mnemonics of re-membering -Comprehension and (un)learning | Self-reflexivity | Questioning and answering Argument-2 -Cyclic alternation | Indicative encoding distinct forms of comprehension and apprehension -Knowing about knowing | Cycling and identity Environmental engagement: from bullet points to topoi Conclusion References


Background: analysis, dental comparisons and DNA analysis were most commonly employed personal identification methods. In circumstances like mass disasters, because of radiology plays an important role in personal identification by means of radiographic evaluation of human osteological remains. Frontal sinus and nasal septum, being unique to an individual Postero anterior skull radiographs and thus can be used for personal identification. Aim and objectives: Postero anterior skull radiogra Materials and Methods: were taken using Photo Stimulable Phosphor Sensor and were processed using Digora PCT scanner (Sorede obtained digital images were subjected to analysis of frontal sinus and nasal septal patterns using Digora windows software version 2.7 and the obtained information was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Frontal sinus and nasal septum show combinations. There were no significant gender variations in the patterns of frontal sinus and nasal septum except for the number of scalloping's and dimensions of frontal sinus. Conclusion: identification.


One known drawback of Ni-containing layered cathodes is their poor fi rst cycle ef fi ciency of 85% – 90%, upon cycling in a practical potential window. The poor fi rst cycle ef fi ciency is likely a result of surface overlithiation due to signi fi cant lithium ion diffusion limitation at this bulk state of charge, but the overlithiation properties of Ni-containing cathodes are currently insuf fi ciently understood. This work focuses on one Ni-containing cathode, Li x Ni 0.6 Mn 0.2 Co 0.2 O 2 , and performs detailed characterization of its intercalation properties both in the poor cycling ef fi ciency region as well as in the overlithiation region, where the bulk lithium ion content rises above the value of 1. The results of the study fi rst demonstrate that it is possible to recover the capacity this cathode " loses " in the fi rst cycle by lowering the applied potential. Then, they establish the possibility to overlithiate Li x Ni 0.6 Mn Co 2 cathodes by as much as 300 mAhg − 1 relative to the pristine electrode. Through complementary characterization using ex situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy both the structural changes and the oxidation state variations in the material throughout the overlithiation process are elucidated. The generated knowledge can be used in developing more accurate physics-based left 6 10 suf fi cient wetting. The current for the lithiation and delithiation of the cells set to a C-rate of C/10 based on about 80% of the theoretical capacity of 276.5 mAhg − 1 (1C 212 mAhg − The cells cycled an upper cut-off potential of 4.4 V and to different capacity-determined points. Data was collected every 30 s or 3 mV. During data processing, a correction factor ( < 1E-5 A) to intercalation/deintercalation curves in order to account for the current bias of each Arbin cycling channel. Electrochemical results shown in this study are consistent with data from at least two sets of cells for each measurement; one cell is shown in this report.


This paper presents experimental results from fatigue and static loading tests performed on both epoxy and braze-welded FBG strain sensors. Most FBG attachment methods are relatively understudied, with epoxy the most commonly used. Long curing times and humidity sensitivity during curing render epoxy inappropriate for certain implementations. This work shows that a bespoke braze-welded attachment design is able to achieve a higher static failure limit of 22kN when compared to strain gauge epoxies, which fail at 20kN. Both methods demonstrate high fatigue life, with no significant deterioration after two million cycles. Epoxy swelling was observed when the sensors were held at a relative humidity of 96%, applying ∼0.6 me of tension to the FBG, whereas a braze-weld attachment was unaffected by humidity.


Effects of soil pH, tillage practices, P application, and the addition of clay at the planting site on tree size, fruit yield, fruit size, and tree longevity of peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] for 20 growing seasons are reported. Because of widespread tree death, 'Loring' trees were removed after 9 years and the orchard replanted to 'Winblo'. Soil pH below 5.6 resulted in poor tree growth, low fruit yield, and small fruit size compared to trees grown in soils at higher pH. In the final 10 years of the experiment, marked improvement in tree size, fruit yield, fruit size, and longevity were evident as soil pH increased. The effect of 3 tillage practices—normal plow to a depth of 20 cm, normal plow to a depth of 20 cm plus a 75-cm-diameter ⨯ 122-cm-deep hole at the planting site, and deep plowing to a depth of 58 cm—varied with cultivar. Both methods of soil profile modification (which penetrated the A2 horizon) resulted in increased yield and tree size compared to normal plowing to 20 cm with 'Loring' during the first 9 years. During the final 10 years, fruit yield was lower and tree death greater in the deep-plow plots, but there were no differences in fruit yield, tree size, or tree longevity between the other tillage treatments. Phosphorus rates (0, 15, and 30 kg/ha annually) or clay additions did not influence tree size, fruit yield, or tree survival. Results of this study lend strong support for the maintenance of soil pH above 5.6 and good evidence that increase in tree growth, fruit yield, and tree longevity is further enhanced when soil pH is maintained above 6.0.


The title compound, 2,4,9-trimethylpyrido[3,2-c]coumarin, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with the following unit-cell parameters: a = 9.4892(5), b = 10.4245(6), c = 7.7307(4)A, α = 94.556(3), β = 120.824(3), γ = 110.532(3)°, Z = 2. The crystal structure was solved by direct methods using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, and refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a final R-value of 0.0411 for 1658 observed reflections. Molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by means of paired C-H…O hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure is stabilized by a number of π-π stacking interactions.


Purpose: The demanding nature of medical education has been well-described. Learning Communities (LCs) have been formed in a number of medical schools to address unmet needs such as wellness, social support, and academic/career counseling. However, there is limited information regarding the student perspective in shaping LC goals and activities. This study examined that perspective using a needs assessment survey. Methods: A formal needs assessment survey was completed by 510 medical students. The survey included 16 Likert-scale items and one open response item. Topics focused on student well-being, career planning, meaningful professional relationships, and academic success. Results: As expected, residency success and academic performance were the domains ranked as most important. Of note, the domain of wellness was ranked as less important overall. Results also varied by medical school year and gender. Conclusion: Formal assessment of student needs can serve as a guide to the development of LC programming, hopefully increasing student engagement.


ROC curve is a graphical representation of the relationship between sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test. It is a popular tool for evaluating and comparing different diagnostic tests in medical sciences. In the literature,the ROC curve is often estimated empirically based on an empirical distribution function estimator and an empirical quantile function estimator. In this paper an alternative nonparametric procedure to estimate the ROC Curve is suggested which is based on local smoothing techniques. Several numerical examples are presented to evaluate the performance of this procedure.


Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a broad term that describes conditions with chronic or recurring immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two forms of IBDs are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Inflammation affects the entire digestive tract in CD and only the large intestine in C. Both illnesses are characterized by an abnormal response of the body's immune system of an unrecognized trigger.


This essay makes a case for reconceptualizing South Asia by refiguring postcolonial territory. It does this by bringing together the broad political history of a series of enclaves along the India-Bangladesh border with an ethnographic discussion of the contemporary political economy of Dahagram, the largest of these enclaves. The essay argues for a need to bring nationalist framings of space and more textured explorations of everyday forms of territory-making into a single analytic frame. Doing so provides a way to understand and think beyond the territorial impasses posed by nationalist framings of space—the inability to disentangle lived realities from affectively charged conceptualizations of the nation and its borders. The essay, instead, reframes territory as the relationality between broad spatial imaginaries and lived realities at the margins. Such a view allows for a conceptualization of the region that builds upwards from quotidian negotiations to challenge nationalist and communal geographies.


whose appointment by the War Office to be Inspector of Military Orthopaedics was announced a fortnight ago. In these articles, the first of which appears to-day, he will discuss, from an experience probably unrivalled in extent anid variety, the principles by which the treatment of war injuries of bones anid joints and their after-consequences should be g,uided, and the means whidci surgery-by preventive measures, by operation when necessary, and by efficient after-care-affords for completely restoring or greatly inmproving the functions of the damaged limb. The establishment of special military orthopaedic lhospitals or sections of hospitals at various centres is proof that the chiefs of the Army Medical Service appreciate the importance of the application of the principles of modem orthopsedic surgery to the cure


In this article, we address the problem of how technoscience knowledge and practices are translated when they are relocated during the highly organized, international encounters between cultures, often called "development." We examine efforts to build a "model" Australian dairy and instantiate Australian dairy practices in East Timor following East Timor's recent emergence as a nation-state. Through this ethnography of development's construction of a heterogeneous sociotechnical assemblage, we show how knowledge and power inform the practices that enable Western models of production and exchange to be reassembled in postcolonial spaces. In aiming to conduct a symmetrical anthropology of development based in the actor-network approach, we follow development's actors and actants as well as its epistemic divisions—nature and culture, human and nonhuman, us and them—into East Timor, arguing that the politics and agency of technology transfer is distributed among discourse, epistemology, and human and nonhuman actors.


Pre-treatment, a critical step for the utilization of cellulose, has close connection with processing cost and downstream technology. Corn straw, rich in cellulose, is a good source for bioethanol production. The writers have compared various pre-treatment methods of corn straw, in order to find out the most promising one for China's bioethanol development.


In a paper by the authors on the viscosity of liquid sulphur, it was shown how difficult it is to prepare a sample of sulphur whose viscosity is independent of previous heat treatment. This uncertainty extends to all the physical properties of sulphur and is noted in papers by Kellas and by Smith and his co-workers. Smith regards liquid sulphur as consisting of two modifications Sλ and S µ , the proportion of S µ to Sλ increasing as the temperature is raised, with a marked increase in the neighbourhood of 160°C. The presence, however, of such products as SO2, traces of H2SO4, and H2S exerts a considerable retarding influence on the attainment of inner equilibrium between these two varieties, thus causing a great variation in the physical properties at any given temperature. Between the temperatures 160°C. and 180°C. the viscosity increases several thousand times. With sulphur purified in the ordinary way, by simple distillations or precipitations, remarkable variations in the viscosity are possible over this range of temperature. This property, therefore, provides an exceptionally sensitive test of the dependence of the sulphur on previous-treatent, and a sample, whose viscosity was definite and constant at any temperature, would almost certainly be definite in its other physical properties.


Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that a transient episode of left ventricular (LV) pressure overload produces reversible systolic dysfunction that persists upon normalization of arterial blood pressure in swine. This pattern of stretch‐induced stunning occurs in the absence of ischemia and is accompanied by measurable elevations in serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations, indicative of myocardial injury. We hypothesized that two weeks of intermittent pressure overload would elicit myocardial adaptations that protect the heart against stretch‐induced stunning and cTnI release.


A new system of arithmetic is presented called Dirichlet arithmetic which models the arithmetic on the coefficients of a Dirichlet series. This approach has the property that output digits depend on very few of the input digits for the basic operations of addition, multiplication, and division. What is perhaps more interesting is that Dirichlet arithmetic has the same near parallelism for all the elementary transcendental functions (log, exp, sin, cos, sinh, cosh, sin/sup -1/, cos/sup -1/, etc.) as well. Furthermore, this property follows from the fact that the values of the elementary transcendental functions are represented naturally by their Dirichlet digits and can be computed by operations on the input digits as simple as those for multiplication or division.<<ETX>>


Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are composed of a large number of sensor nodes distributed randomly by self-organization distributed protocols.The network management of WSN is an important requisite to guarantee the stability,reliability and high efficiency in WSN.In this paper,the existing technology of network management of WSN was discussed and researched.Combined with the characteristics and practical requirements of the wireless sensor networks,based on the existing basic protocols of IPv6-WSN and SNMP,a wireless sensor network information management platform was designed and realized with the characteristics of wireless sensor networks,to achieve remote and effective management.


Analyses of grammaticalization in Indo-European languages tend to focus on Germanic and Romance forms, for which we generally are able to identify the original autonomous composing elements. By contrast, in early IndoEuropean languages we find many inflected formations or other grammatical elements that are opaque. The question then is: are these forms opaque (1) because of the length of their existence; or (2) because the composing elements in origin were not autonomous lexical forms, but rather of a different type? We may never be able to fully answer that question. Yet comparison of phenomena of grammaticalization in different stages of Latin will help clarify certain aspects of it. This article compares manifestations of grammaticalization in the transition from Latin to Romance with earlier formation processes in Latin and Indo-European. I will submit that the instances of grammaticalization that we find in the later stages of Latin and that resulted in a number of new grammatical forms in Romance, reflect a major linguistic innovation. While the new grammatical forms are created out of lexical or mildly grammatical autonomous elements, earlier processes seem to primarily involve particles with a certain semantic value, and freezing. This fundamental difference explains why the attempts of early Indo-Europeanists such as Franz Bopp at tracing the lexical origins of Indo-European inflected forms were unsuccessful and strongly criticized by the Neo-Grammarians.


BACKGROUND : the importance of early education in children has come to the attention of the government. If at that age the child's brain does not get maximum stimulation then all child development both physically and mentally will not develop optimally. Care has the aim to encourage the growth and development of children, both physical and psychological, parenting is also a process of interaction that is carried out continously between parents and children. The process of care cannot be separated from the influence of culture where the child is raised. Parents has important role which is begin since their child is in the womb untill they die to nurture their children. Profile of Banyuwangi District Health Service explain that there are 2.9% or 457 out of 15,762 ore school age children who experienced speech and language disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of providing parenting education on the development of pre school age children in PAUD 05 Klaibaru Cluster. SUBJECT AND METHODE : this study is quasy experimental design conducted with pretest – post test group approach. The data anayzed by using chi square and wilcoxon sign rank test to determine the differences before and after treatment for both control group and experimental group. RESULT : the result show obtained from chi square test show p value of 0.05 which mean that parenting has significant effect toward independency and emotional regulation skill to pre school children. Although when compared between pre and post results is not too different. CONCLUSION : Parenting is a reflection of parent in caring for, raising, caring for and educating children directly so that children become independent in learning.


Food such as fruits and vegetables have high contents of antioxidants. They can reduce the risk of various diseases such as cancers and heart diseases by increasing the antioxidant capacity in the body and reducing damages caused by reactive oxygen species inside cells. Koreans mainly eat vegetables with high antioxidant capacities such as cereals, legumes, vegetables, and mushrooms. It is expected that food taken by Koreans could have high protective effect against DNA damage. The objective of this study was to determine protective effect of vegetarian food against DNA damage ex vivo. Vegetarian food were divided into ten food groups. Extracts from the ten groups were extracted and used to treat human lymphocyte. The variety of vegetables were selected based on the results of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V‐2). The ten food groups were: cereals, potatoes, legumes, nuts, vegetables, kimchies, mushrooms, fruits, seaweeds, and oils. A total of 84 food varieties taken at more than 1% in the total food intake by Koreans were selected as vegetarian food. Selected food varieties were washed and freeze‐dried followed by methanol‐acetone extraction. DNA damage was measured using COMET assay to determine the indices of tail length (TL) pulled from nucleus, DNA % (% DNA in tail, TD) included at the tail, and tail moment (TM, a multiplied value of TL by TD). Pre‐treatment to lymphocyte with all ten Korean diet extracts showed significantly higher reduction effect against DNA damage induced by H2O2 compared to control group without receiving any pre‐treatment. The order of protective effect against DNA damages in the TD was: mushrooms > vegetables > fruits > seaweeds > nuts. The order of protective effect against DNA damages in the TL was: mushrooms > fruits > vegetables > nuts > seaweeds. The order of protective effect against DNA damages in terms of TM was: mushrooms > vegetables > fruits > seaweeds > kimchies. Mushrooms showed the highest protective effect against DNA damages in all three indices (TL, TD, and TM) representing DNA damages.