At the moment the noise functions available in a graphics programmer's toolbox are either slow to compute or they involve grid-line artifacts making them of lower quality. In this paper we present a real-time noise computation with no grid-line artifacts or other regularity problems. In other words, we put a new tool in the box that computes fast high-quality noise. In addition to being free of artifacts, the noise we present does not rely on tabulated data (everything is computed on the fly) and it is easy to adjust quality vs. quantity for the noise. The noise is based on point rendering (like spot noise), but it extends to more than two dimensions. The fact that it is based on point rendering makes art direction of the noise much easier. CR Categories: I.3.3 [Computer Graphics]: Picture/Image Generation I.3.7 [Computer Graphics]: Three-Dimensional Graphics and Realism


100 great questions and answers about SQL Server from SQLServerCentral.com Book is organized in question/answer format, explains the correct answer Questions cover a wide range of SQL Server topics This is Volume 3 in the series


Several influential studies suggest that population and income growth lead to increasing demands for freshwater and freshwater scarcity. Unfortunately, there is little rigorous empirical testing of this hypothesis. This article relies on a cross-country multiple regression framework pioneered by Kuznets, Chenery, and Chenery and Syrquin to analyze the structural transformation in water use as socioeconomic development occurs. Cross-country regressions are cross-checked by time-series (and cross-state) regressions for the United States. Results suggest that water use exhibits an inverted-U relationship with income per capita. The findings also suggest that this relationship is affected by the efficiency of water use in agriculture, by whether a country was in the former Soviet Union, and by a country's trade policy. Taken together, these findings suggest a need for a rethinking regarding freshwater use and freshwater scarcity as socioeconomic development proceeds.


According to the poor tracking ability adopting static feature model, an adaptive feature generating model based tracking program is present. In this program, the object is valid tracking signal, on the contrary, the background is noise constructing the likelihood maps a local SNR(Signal Noise Ratio) is computed to evaluate the tracking ability of current feature space, and the feature space with maximal SNR is selected as the optimal tracking feature space. Object tracking results based on mean shift demonstrated that the proposed method is more robust and feasible than the classical one.


In the light of some unusual phenomena of tunnel in HR 3D seismic data of a certain mine in the Qinshui Basin,this paper makes the detailed interpretation with spectrum decomposition technique,and based on the research results,points out that spectrum decomposition technique can be used to find out two-layer coal rock tunnel with the burial depth of more than 460 m and height of 2.6 m,the unusual characteristics reflect obviously,the boundaries are clear and the interpretation achievements fit well the actual tunneling data.


For large-scale disasters, it is important to ensure communications to confirm the information about safety and disaster situation. Then, this paper focuses on an emergency communication system using drones. In this system, an important issue is to shorten the delay time of transmitting information. Since delay time depends highly on a flight scheme of the drones, we propose two flight schemes: a rebounding-flight scheme and a common-flight-path scheme. Moreover, we consider breaks of drones due to their battery exhaustion because it is impossible for the drones to fly permanently. We evaluate the delay time with and without drones' breaks for the proposed flight schemes. Our results show that the proposed flight schemes are effective to reduce the delay time even if the drones' breaks are considered.


Under the same indoor light condition, using visual search tasks, the study tested the effects of liquid crystal display (LCD) with different blue light ratio (the proportion of blue lightwere 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%) which were adjusted by software on users' visual fatigue and comfort. The test task time of each condition was 40 minutes. The evaluation methods were mainly based on ISO 9241‐304 Ergonomics of human‐system interaction‐User performance test methods for electronic visual displays, etc. The evaluation indexes mainly included the performance of visual search tasks, critical flicker frequency (CFF), visual fatigue subjective perception scale and EEG. The research results showed that the changes of task conditions in different indicators showed a non‐linear trend. 60% of blue light accounted for better performance in the performance of visual search and emotional state, while 40% of blue light accounted for the most serious fatigue. The EEG results showed that compared with 60% and 80%, 100% blue light condition had the best performance, lower attention control and workload, which to some extent verified the previous research results that blue light improved the brain arousal. The results showed that the impact of blue light on users involves many aspects, not a single dimension. The results of this study will provide a reference to adjust the standard of blue light ratio by software.


The New Model Army, 21,000 strong, was established by parliament on February 15, 1645, two and a half years after the outbreak of the First English Civil War, by combining the best elements of the armies formerly commanded by the earls of Essex and Manchester and Sir William Waller and filling the gaps by a press. The 1644 campaigning season, which in July had looked like ending in outright victory, had ended in disappointment and dissent. In the autumn the three armies had united to attack the king's armies in the Thames Valley theater of war but, despite outnumbering the royalists by almost two to one, the generals had missed several opportunities to destroy them, most notably at the Second Battle of Newbury. In the ensuing row the old high command and the old armies and regiments were swept away. The new force was to be led by officers sufficiently competent and committed to win the war quickly.

Keywords:

seventeeth century;
english Civil War;
rebellion;
rebellion


When most creatures speed up from a gentle walk, they eventually slip into a trot, and finally a run or gallop at top speed. But quadrupedal primates never seemed to break into a trot on course for a high-speed gallop. According to Daniel Schmitt and his colleagues from Duke University and the


This study examines insurance coverage rates among working‐age adults with low income and with or without obesity before and after Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act.


The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, will produce unprecedented volumes of data when it starts operation in 2007. To provide for its computational needs, the LHC Computing Grid (LCG) is being deployed as a worldwide computational grid service, providing the middleware upon which the physics analysis for the LHC will be carried out. Data management middleware will be a key component of the LCG, enabling users to analyse their data without reference to the complex details of the computing environment. In this paper we review the performance tests of the LCG File Catalog (LFC) and make comparisons with other data management catalogs. We also survey the deployment status of the LFC within the LCG.


The palatine tonsils, nasopharyngeal tonsil (or) adenoids, lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils and lateral pharyngeal band form the Waldeyer's ring and are part of the mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue (MALT) system. Tonsils and adenoids are the body's first line of defense for the protection of the lower airways and the gastrointestinal tract as well as for the development of antigenic memory by the host. Adenoidectomy (alone or in association with tonsillectomy) is one of the oldest and most common ENT procedures performed in children. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy, obstructive sleep apnoea, otitis media with effusion, recurrent otitis media and nasal obstruction remain the most common indications for adenoidectomy.


These cases were obtained from a data base that contains information on approximately 8000 tumor samples. We were able to identify only 15 patients who had a biopsy done while they were pregnant and had a specimen of sufficient quality and quantity to perform ER and PgR assays. All assays were done in a single lab, with stringent quality control. Nevertheless, for the reasons pointed out by Drs. Guinee and Hess, we do not consider this study definitive. We would welcome larger studies to refute or confirm our observations.


The presence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the main species of shrimps, blue crabs, and burrowing crabs of five lagoons where shrimp farm effluents are discharged, was analyzed by nested PCR and the presence of virus inclusions in the shrimps was analyzed through histopathology. The nested PCR analysis indicated the presence of WSSV in 13 of 16 (81.2%) samples of the shrimp species of Farfantepenaeus paulensis, in 13 of 14 (92.8%) of Litopenaeus schmitti, in one of two of Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (50%), in 13 of 15 (86.6%) of blue crab species of Callinectes danae and in 11 of 12 (91.6%) of Callinectes sapidus and none was detected in the 10 samples of the burrowing crab Chasmagnathus granulata. The inclusion characteristics of WSSV were observed in three samples of 50 (6.0%) in the gastric and cuticular epithelium and in the gills of two specimens of F. paulensis and one of L. schmitti. The presence of WSSV in L. schmitti wild shrimp and in the C. danae blue crab is reported for the first time in the present work. The results indicate that the main species of shrimps and blue crabs of the environment surrounding the farms were infected by WSSV, and they may be considered potential vectors of the virus.


We discuss current developments in biomimetic flow-sensors based on mechano-sensor as found e.g. on crickets and in the lateral line sensors of fish. Arrays of micromechanical acoustic-sensitive hair-sensors consisting of up to 1 mm long SU-8 hairs mounted on membranes forming variable capacitors for read-out are described. These sensors display great versatility by their arrayed nature, adaptivity and potential benefit of noise.


Two kinds of low-complexity Turbo joint detection algorithms,the soft interference cancellation with soft-information-output and the parallel interference cancellation with hard-information-output,are studied.Then performance of Turbo JD algorithms are simulated for a TDD CDMA uplink transmission and the complexity is evaluated.The result shows that both algorithms yield a much better performance than linear JD,Although SO-IC algorithm is better than H-PIC in terms of performance,it has much higher computational complexity,so H-PIC is more practical.


a Research Group Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium b Centre for Health and Medical Psychology, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden c Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium d Section Behavioral Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands


The IRK evaluation of {sup 56}Fe neutron cross section was updated and improved in order to meet the required accuracy for comprehensive neutron transport calculations of shielding and fusion reactor designs. This has included: (1) Adding all new experimental data up to March 1994 to our data base and reevaluation of all cross sections and their covariances with the extended data base for neutron energies 0.85 - 20 MeV. (2) Evaluation of the elastic scattering angular distributions for resolved resonance energy region based on calculations of these distributions from Reich-Moor resonance parameters given in file MF=2.


Abandoned mines and mine tailings pose a hazard to communities that live around these sites. Here we report on the environmental risk assessment and risk management strategies of an abandoned New Union Gold Mine that is located in Ka-Madonsi village, Malamulele district, South Africa. The visual assessment was done through visits to the mine sites and the levels of heavy metals in the mine tailings soil and stream sediments was analysed with atomic absorption spectrometry. The hazards were then rated based on the probability of reoccurrence and the severity of the impact. The risk management strategies were suggested based on the severity and the probability of the impacts and the geographical setting of the area. The heavy metals: Cu, Co, Cd, As, Zn, Ni and Mn were found in the mine tailings soil and in the stream sediments. The mine tailings soils and stream sediments were acidic, within pH ranges of 3.93 to 4.45 and 4.18 to 6.28 respectfully. The acidic soils can pose as a problem to the growth of plants and grass should they be used for revegetation of the mine tailings.Environmental impacts identified at the mine site were: soil erosion, sedimentation, land subsidence deep open voids and land scarification. Thus for each of the environmental impact that was identified, risk management strategies were then proposed. The re-vegetation of the exposed mine tailings was found to be the most practical way of solving the problem of soil erosion and sedimentation. Presence of plants and grass on the mine tailings may reduce the rate of soil erosion caused by either water and/ or wind. The deep openings need to be safeguarded and backfilled. The drainage lines and storm water infrastructures need to be established to channel water in order to prevent storm water from transporting sediment to the stream. Keywords risk management, environmental impacts, abandoned mine, post mining impacts, risk assessment


Most of the theoretical work on the characteristics of normal ionizing shock waves, as exemplified by the work of Taussig (1967), has been restricted to a onedimensional model. Only Woods (1965) has attempted to include the effects of cylindrical geometry. However, the complexity of the problem in cylindrical geometry forced Woods to ignore the radial dependence of the azimuthal drive field bo? which he took to be given by the relation (his equation (3»


A mechanical treatment and separation process was used to produce cellulose nanofibres. The yield of the process was approximately 6%. A 0.5% solids content suspension of cellulose nanofibres was used to hydrodynamically form nonwoven sheets using a commercial paper making fabric. This was the first time that it had been demonstrated that a paper forming fabric in current commercial use could be used to manufacture cellulose nanofibre sheets. This shows that large scale production of cellulose nanofibre sheets in conventional papermaking processes is possible. SEM images of the fibres in the surfaces of the nonwovens showed a wide range of nanofibre dimensions, with the smallest nanofibres having widths less than 50 nm. The retention of fibres on the papermaking fabric was at least 90%. This was attributable to the high solids content of 0.5%, which ensured that nanofibres were prevented passing through the holes in the fabric. The sheets formed were relatively uniform in grammage but not uniform in thickness between sheets. The density of the sheets was much lower at 237-311 kg/m3 than previous nonwovens formed from cellulose nanofibres.


Copyright held by the owner/author(s). CHI'20,, April 25–30, 2020, Honolulu, HI, USA ACM 978-1-4503-6819-3/20/04. https://doi.org/10.1145/3334480.XXXXXXX Abstract Unaccompanied migrant youth fleeing without their parents are exposed to mental health risks. Social ecological systems play a central role in promoting resilience in unaccompanied migrant youth. While navigating and negotiating resources is a key element of a working socialecological model of resilience, the systems supporting the unaccompanied migrant youth are under-resourced. In this paper, we reflect on ecosystems of mental health resources from the perspective of the social-ecological model of resilience and how this plays out in the context of unaccompanied migrant youth.


Abstract Analysis of anions ability to transfer from one structural position into another is applied for predicting the properties of apatite.


This paper presents an online resource called "Catalog of recurrent linguistic constructions in Pediatrics – French" built to bring pedagogical support to the training of undergraduate students of translation in Brazil. Such resource is a differentiated glossary, presenting more than mere terminology uses. It was prepared with the participation of students of translation (French language) from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul using a small corpus of articles published in the journal Archives de Pédiatrie. This work can be extended to a similar corpus of texts published in Canadian journals in order to illustrate the possible variants of French scientific writing.


Portuguese Conversos, many of them descendants of the Castilian Jews that were expelled in 1492, played a very important role in the export trade of the Crown of Castile during the 17 th century. Among their multiple activities, the export of Castilian wool to France, the Low Countries and other European regions, was a prominent one. In this article the author contributes to the reconstruction of the first phase of the process of involvement of these merchants in this business, from the last decades of the 16 th century onwards, after the merchants of Burgos abandoned it. He adopts a limited geographical perspective, because he circumscribes his analysis to a single region, that of Soria and its surroundings.


Agricultural machinery and implements are an important factor in agricultural production and productivity enhancement. The Indian tractor industry is the largest in the world accounting for approximately one third of global production but ranked 8 th in terms of tractor population. The tractor market has expanded at a spectacular pace over the last few years where both the production and sales were increasing in the numbers of tractors (although in a decreasing year on year growth) with 343520 tractors and 347010 tractors respectively in 2008-09 to 639896 and 607658 in 2011-12 and overall the Indian tractor market has grown at a compound growth rate of 15.31 per cent and 14.86 per cent in terms of production and sales respectively over the last five years. (IASRI, 2013) The agricultural productivity of the North Eastern states has been lower compared to other states because of a number of reasons; chief being the low level of mechanisation in the area. Among the North Eastern states, Assam is the only state having considerable number of tractor sales. And in terms of year on year growth, Assam has got the highest year on year growth nationally with 61 per cent The study was undertaken with the following specific objectives: 1. To study the trend in growth of tractors in North East India and also segment wise in the selected districts of Assam. 2. To analyse the marketing strategies adopted by the top 5 players in tractor sales in the selected districts. xxii 3. To understand the perception of sample dealers towards distribution and marketing strategies adopted by tractor manufacturers' in the study area. 4. To identify and analyse the factors influencing the purchasing behaviour of the farmers with regard to tractors in the selected districts. A total of 240 sample farmers and 40 sample dealers were selected from the eight districts viz., Barpeta, Bongaigaon, Darrang, Dhubri, Goalpara, Kamrup, Lakhimpur and Nagaon for the study. For analysis of growth trend of tractors in North East India, Compound Annual Growth Rates was used. The results of the study showed the compound growth rate of tractors in North East India during the period of 2001-02 to 2010-11 was 26.67 per cent. Among the North Eastern states, Assam has got the highest sales of 3893 tractors (2010-2011) and also showed significant Compound Growth Rate of 28.18 per cent. The Mahindra tractor model 275 NBP MKM is the most popular brand model in the study area as 61 per cent of the sample farmers listed it. In all, 43 per cent of all the sample dealers in the study area adopt the cost plus pricing strategy, where the firm adds a certain percentage to the costs as profit margin. The distribution network of all the companies is very poor as each of the company has got only one dealer per district. Among the promotional tools, demonstration was found to be the most effective tool in the study area and Mahindra was the most effective in delivering different promotional activities in the opinion of the sample farmers although all the companies promotional activities are more or less the same. About 50 per cent of the dealers invested around 16 to 30 lakhs in establishing their tractor business and 70 per cent of the sample dealers in the study area had one to five years' experience in the tractor business. For tractor dealership, a dealer should be financially sound, should have at least five years of experience, good educational qualification and showroom should be located near its customers. Credit facility to the dealer from the company side is very poor. Mahindra has got the highest tractor sale in a month and district wise, Kamrup has the highest tractor sales in a month. The profit margin on every sale of a tractor varies from 7 per cent margin for below 20 HP segment tractors to 12 per cent margin for above 60 HP segment tractors. The payment problem from the customers was the major problem in tractor business. About 66 per cent of the sample farmers are unaware of what HP means in a tractor. About 58 per cent of the sample farmers bought tractors through cash, credit and subsidy together. Fellow farmers and relatives are the most influential source of information about a tractor. Subsidy provided by the government is the most influential factor that affects tractor purchase. The study suggested an overall improvement in providing more training to farmers with regards to tractor, efficiently. Then operating the different governmental schemes for tractors so that farmers can get subsidy, increase in the number of dealers per district for proper distribution, more promotional activities in local language and taking proper feedback from the dealers and maintaining good contact with the customers.


ion. How Do Expert Soccer Players Encode Visual Information to Make Decisions in Simulated Game Situations? 3, 392–398. Acceleration. Walkway Length Determination for Steady State Walking in Young and Older Adults; 2, 261–267. Accelerometry. Are Preschool Children Active Enough? Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels; 3, 326–332. Accelerometry. Sedentary Activity and Body Composition of Middle School Girls: The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls; 4, 458–467. Active commuting. Patterns of Physical Activity and Overweight Among 7–13-Year-Old Russian Children: A 7-Year Nationally Representative Monitoring Study; 1, 10–17. Activity monitor. A Prospective Study of Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Physical Self-Perceptions in Children; 2, 133–140. Adolescence. Puberty and Physical Self-Perceptions of Competitive Female Figure Skaters II: Maturational Timing, Skating Context, and Ability Status; 3, 411–416. Adolescence. Relationship of Social Physique Anxiety to Indicators of Physique; 3, 417–422. Adolescents. But I Like PE: Factors Associated With Enjoyment of Physical Education Class in Middle School Girls; 1, 18–27. Adolescents. Heart Rates of High School Physical Education Students During Team Sports, Individual Sports, and Fitness Activities; 1, 85–91. Aerobic fitness. Cardiovascular Fitness in Obese Versus Nonobese 8–11-Year-Old Boys and Girls; 3, 356–362. Aging. Construct Validation of Physical Activity Surveys in Culturally Diverse Older Adults: A Comparison of Four Commonly Used Questionnaires; 1, 42–50. Anticipation. Domain Specificity, Task Specificity, and Expert Performance; 3, 428–433. At-risk youth. Helping Youth in Underserved Communities Envision Possible Futures: An Extension of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model; 2, 209–221. Attention. Attentional Focus Effects in Balance Acrobats; 3, 319– 325. Autonomy. Children's Experiences of Fun and Enjoyment During a Season of Sport Education; 3, 344–355. Behavior. Are Parental Concerns About Children's Inactivity Warranted, and Are They Associated With a Supportive Home Environment? 3, 274–282. Biomechanics. Influence of a Horizontal Approach on the Mechanical Output During Drop Jumps; 1, 1–9. Body composition. Predicting Performance on a Firefighter's Ability Test From Fitness Parameters; 4, 468–475. Body composition. The Effect of an Accute After-School Exercise Bout on Percentage of Body Fat Using Leg-to-Leg Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Children; 4, 535–539. Body fat. Sedentary Activity and Body Composition of Middle School Girls: The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls; 4, 458–467. Body mass index. Daily Steps in Midlife and Older Adults: Relationship With Demographic, Self-Rated Health, and Self-Reported Physical Activity; 2, 128–132. Body mass index. Lifestyle, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness Changes in Hungarian School Boys (1975–2005); 2, 166– 173. Body mass index. Sedentary Activity and Body Composition of Middle School Girls: The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls; 4, 458–467. Cardiorespiratory fitness. Lifestyle, Body Composition, and Physical Fitness Changes in Hungarian School Boys (1975–2005); 2, 166–173. Career Club. Helping Youth in Underserved Communities Envision Possible Futures: An Extension of the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model; 2, 209–221. Children. Cardiovascular Fitness in Obese Versus Nonobese 8–11Year-Old Boys and Girls; 3, 356–362. Children. Squat Jump Performance During Growth in Both Sexes: Comparison With Cycling Power; 4, 517–524. Children's feeling scale. Active and Passive Commuting to School: Influences on Affect in Primary School Children; 4, 525–534. Children's felt arousal scale. Active and Passive Commuting to School: Influences on Affect in Primary School Children; 4, 525–534. Coaches of youth sport. A Confirmatory Study of Rating Scale Category Effectiveness for the Coaching Efficacy Scale; 3, 300–311. Collective games patterns. How Do Expert Soccer Players Encode Visual Information to Make Decisions in Simulated Game Situations? 3, 392–398. Component approach. Gender Differences in Throwing Form of Children Ages 6–8 Years During a Throwing Game; 2, 174–182. Concussion. Examining the Relationship Between Purposeful Heading in Soccer and Computerized Neuropsychological Test Performance; 2, 235–244. Consequences. Classroom Teachers' Perceptions of the Impact of Barriers to Teaching Physical Education on the Quality of Physical Education Programs; 4, 506–516. Constraints. Gender Differences in Throwing Form of Children Ages 6–8 Years During a Throwing Game; 2, 174–182. Construct validity. Relationship of Social Physique Anxiety to Indicators of Physique; 3, 417–422. Contextual interference. Auditory Model: Effects on Learning Under Blocked and Random Practice Schedules; 4, 476–486. Dec 08 Index.indd 552 12/9/2008 5:25:37 PM RQES: December 2008 553 Coping self-efficacy. Evidence for a Multidimensional Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale; 2, 222–234. Cross-cultural equivalence. Psychometric Evaluation of the Exercise Identity Scale Among Greek Adults and Cross-Cultural Validity; 3, 283–299. Curriculum. Content Specificity of Expectancy Beliefs and Task Values in Elementary Physical Education; 2, 195–208. Curriculum. Examining Curricular Coherence in an Exemplary Elementary School Program; 1, 71–84. Doctoral shortage. A Comparison of Supply and Demand for PETE Faculty: The Changing Landscape; 4, 540–545. Elementary school. The Effect of an Accute After-School Exercise Bout on Percentage of Body Fat Using Leg-to-Leg Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Children; 4, 535–539. Elementary. A Prospective Study of Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Physical Self-Perceptions in Children; 2, 133–140. Energy expenditure. Walking for Health in Pregnancy: Assessment by Indirect Calorimetry and Accelerometry; 1, 28–35. Entity and incremental views. Effects of Dispositional Ability Conceptions, Manipulated Learning Environments, and Intrinsic Motivation on Persistence and Performance: An Interaction Approach; 1, 51–61. Exercise. Active and Passive Commuting to School: Influences on Affect in Primary School Children; 4, 525–534. Exercise. Construct Validation of Physical Activity Surveys in Culturally Diverse Older Adults: A Comparison of Four Commonly Used Questionnaires; 1, 42–50. Exercise. Creating Community, Assessing Need: Preparing for a Community Physical Activity Intervention; 2, 245–255. Exercise. Patterns of Physical Activity and Overweight Among 7–13Year-Old Russian Children: A 7-Year Nationally Representative Monitoring Study; 1, 10–17. Exercise. Seasonality in Children's Pedometer-Measured Physical Activity Levels; 2, 256–260. Exercise testing. Predicting Performance on a Firefighter's Ability Test From Fitness Parameters; 4, 468–475. Expert performance. Gaze Behavior in Basketball Shooting: Further Evidence for Online Visual Control; 3, 399–404. Expertise. Attentional Focus Effects in Balance Acrobats; 3, 319– 325. Expertise. Domain Specificity, Task Specificity, and Expert Performance; 3, 428–433. Expertise. How Do Expert Soccer Players Encode Visual Information to Make Decisions in Simulated Game Situations? 3, 392–398. Expertise. Identifying the Critical Time Period for Information Extraction When Recognizing Sequences of Play; 2, 268–273. Far aiming. Gaze Behavior in Basketball Shooting: Further Evidence for Online Visual Control; 3, 399–404. Feedback. Learning Benefits of Self-Controlled Knowledge of Results in 10-Year-Old Children; 3, 405–410. Fitness education. Content Specificity of Expectancy Beliefs and Task Values in Elementary Physical Education; 2, 195–208. Free throw. Gaze Behavior in Basketball Shooting: Further Evidence for Online Visual Control; 3, 399–404. Functional equivalence. Beating the Bunker: The Effect of PETTLEP Imagery on Golf Bunker Shot Performance; 3, 385–391. Fundamental motor skills. Gender Differences in Throwing Form of Children Ages 6–8 Years During a Throwing Game; 2, 174–182. Gait. Walkway Length Determination for Steady State Walking in Young and Older Adults; 2, 261–267. Gaitway. Walkway Length Determination for Steady State Walking in Young and Older Adults; 2, 261–267. Gender. Heart Rates of High School Physical Education Students During Team Sports, Individual Sports, and Fitness Activities; 1, 85–91. Gender. Squat Jump Performance During Growth in Both Sexes: Comparison With Cycling Power; 4, 517–524. Gender coverage. Italian Women's Television Coverage and Audience During the 2004 Athens Olympic Games; 1, 101–115. Gestation. Walking for Health in Pregnancy: Assessment by Indirect Calorimetry and Accelerometry; 1, 28–35. Goal setting. Basic Psychological Skills Usage and Competitive Anxiety Responses: Perceived Underlying Mechanisms; 3, 363–373. Guidelines. Walking for Health in Pregnancy: Assessment by Indirect Calorimetry and Accelerometry; 1, 28–35. Health. Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Fitness Testing in U.S. Schools—2000; 2, 141–148. Health behavior. Are Preschool Children Active Enough? Objectively Measured Physical Activity Levels; 3, 326–332. Health promotion. Creating Community, Assessing Need: Preparing for a Community Physical Activity Intervention; 2, 245–255. Health-related fitness. Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Fitness Testing in U.S. Schools—2000; 2, 141–148. Heart rate zone. Heart Rates of High School Physical Education Students During Team Sports, Individual Sports, and Fitness Activities; 1, 85–91. Identity theory. Psychometric Evaluation of the Exercise Identity Scale Among Greek Adults and Cross-Cultural Validity; 3, 283–299. Imagery. Basic Psychological Skills Usage and Competitive Anxiety Responses: Perceived Underlying Mechanisms; 3, 363–373. Information processing. Self-Controlled Feedback in 10-Year-Old Children: Higher Feedback Frequencies Enhance Learning; 1, 122–127. Intellectual disabilities. The Relationships Among Fundamental Motor Skills, Health-Relate


Abstract A simple, rapid and sensitive reversed-phase gradient High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) method is proposed for the determination of anthranilic acid derivatives in anti-inflammatory drugs and biological fluids. HPLC analyses are performed with a Lichrosorb-RP 18, 10 μm, 250×4 mm I. D., column employing gradient elution for the development of the chromatogram. The gradient system is formed with the following solutions: A = 0.065M ammonium acetate and B = methanol. The flow rate is 0.8 ml/min and the detection is achieved at 282 nm. The retention time is 4.63 min for flufenamic, 4.99 min for mefenamic and 5.46 min for tolfenamic acid. The absolute detection limits are 0.5 ng for flufenamic acid, 0.7 ng for mefenamic acid and 1.0 ng for tolfenamic acid. The linearity is observed up to 70 ng for the flufenamic acid, 70 ng for the mefenamic acid and 80 ng for the tolfenamic acid injected. The method involves the use of solid phase extraction for sample clean-up and subsequent separation o...


Abstract. Large uncertainties remain when estimating the warming effects of ambient
black carbon (BC) aerosols on climate. One of the key challenges in modeling
the radiative effects is predicting the BC light absorption enhancement,
which is mainly determined by the mass ratio (MR) of non-BC coating material to
BC in the population of BC-containing aerosols. For the same MR, recent
research has found that the radiative absorption enhancements by BC are also
controlled by its particle-to-particle heterogeneity. In this study, the BC
mixing state index (χ) is developed to quantify the
dispersion of ambient black carbon aerosol mixing states based on binary
systems of BC and other non-black carbon components. We demonstrate that the
BC light absorption enhancement increases with χ for the same
MR, which indicates that χ can be employed as a factor to
constrain the light absorption enhancement of ambient BC. Our framework can
be further used in the model to study the radiative effects of black carbon on
climate change.


In this study, our purpose was to develop a false positive (FP) reduction method for computerized mass detection systems based on the analysis of bilateral mammograms. We first detect the mass candidates on each view by utilizing our unilateral computer-aided detection (CAD) system. For each detected object, the regional registration technique is used to define a region of interest (ROI) that is "symmetrical" to the object location on the contralateral mammogram. Spatial gray level dependence matrices (SGLD) texture features and morphological features are extracted from both the ROI containing the detected object on a mammogram and its corresponding ROI on the contralateral mammogram. Bilateral features are then generated from the extracted unilateral features and a final bilateral score is formed as a new feature to differentiate symmetric from asymmetric ROIs. By incorporating the unilateral features of the mass candidates and their bilateral scores, a bilateral classifier was trained to reduce the FPs. It was found that our bilateral CAD system achieved a case-based sensitivity of 70%, 80%, and 85% at 0.52, 0.83, and 1.05 FPs/image on the test data set. In comparison to the FP rates for the unilateral CAD system of 0.67, 1.11, and 1.69, respectively, at the corresponding sensitivities, the FP rates were reduced by 22%, 25%, and 37% with the bilateral symmetry information.


Mário Avelar Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal  Andrei Tarkovsky's cinematic signature bespeaks of a metaphysical dimension which is inseparable of an unwavering dialogue between poetic word and image. In three of his movies—Mirror (1975), Stalker (1979) and Nostalghia (1983)—the Russian director helps to build this dimension with the insertion of his father's Arsenii poems. Although these poems may develop a pivotal dynamic in Mirror, even when they may seem to have a marginal existence, such as they do in Stalker and Nostalghia, their function is far from assuming a decorative status. Anchored in Tarkovsky's notion of organic movie in mind, as he developed it in his book Sculpting in Time, and in William Desmond's concept of in-betweeness, as he conceived it in Art, Origins, Otherness—Between Philosophy and Art, this article challenges the notion of structural relevance, and shows how the alleged marginal presence of Arseni's words contribute to create a space of metaphysical in-betweeness that lies at the core of the movie's spiritual dimension.


I would prefer, however, to give the last word to one of the Pollington boys, and will end with an extract from a report written by one of them after the 1959 camp. It is quoted exactly as he wrote it, and may stand as a very shrewd judgment of this particular approach, in its strength and its limitations. "I think that the camp is wonderful and profitable thing to all boys who go, only if they realize and understand what it could mean to them. This can be put under A, Band C. A. Some boys go and have fun and try to get the most pleasure out of it they can, taking no notice of others, just being selfish. They have a certain amount of fun, but they achieve nothing from it. B. Others are slightly more serious, they have a good time but also take an interest, the beauty of being free and also what the future may hold for them. The camp making it possible. The achievement being able to speak freely to anyone with no thought of not being wanted. C. The very serious person looked upon the camp as something special. At his first sight of the camp he knew by instinct that this is maybe his only chance to start his life afresh so that best to help himself, taking everyone else into consideration, is by setting out properly on the right foot. He meets the students warmly and at once feels confident in himself. As he gets to know them better he finds that they are linked together by religion. He may wonder about this and is amazed to find that these undergraduates are willing to do anything for each other whatever it is. He thinks about these points and many others until he knows what is wanted of him in his life. To live rightly and to enjoy life as it is maybe with God or just settling down with a family. He achieves the knowledge of the right and better way to live which includes everything."


OBJECTIVE To study on the dangerous factors that cause the underweight among children aged under 5 years in Dongguan.METHOD First,the weight of 3 977 children from 6 communities in Dongguang were examined through stratified and cluster sampling.Secondly,health contrasts were established for the 112 children suffering underweight.Thirdly,pairing surveys were conducted for the feeding methods and dietary habit.RESULTS Percentage of total underweight is 2.8%.As infants,cases group are different significantly from the contrasts group in feeding methods for the infants below 4 months,in whether with complementary food and in other aspects.As children aged from 1 to 4 years,remarkable disparities were demonstrated in the field of unhealthy dietary habits,such as having between-meal food,showing partiality for particular kinds of food and so on.CONCLUSIONS Delayed complementary food,between-meal food and partiality for particular kinds of food are dangerous factors that mainly affect the underweight among the local children.


studies withcombination regimens using drugs that act on the sameviral target (zidovudine, didanosine, nevirapine) haveshown a reduction in viral replication that may persisteven after drug removal [5–7]. Our objective was toverify the virological efficacy of two 3 month treatmentcourses alternating two- and three-drug combinationtherapies.During 1996, between March and September, weconsecutively enrolled 20 HIV-1-infected patients whowere naive for antiretroviral therapy. This study was aprospective, randomized, open-label comparative trial(protocol GW 780/26). Patients were includedaccording to the following criteria: documentation ofHIV-1 seropositivity, stage CDC A (CDC 1993 classifi-cation) [8], age ≥18 years, CD4 cell count ≤500cells/mm


The combustion of fossil fuels predominates in the commercial implementation of energy conversion and power generation. However, it brings severe problems to the environment due to inevitably incomplete combustion. Meanwhile, the price of fossil fuels keeps increasing due to the depletion of natural resources. The growing concerns of global warming, as well as the reducing availability of fossil fuels, require replacements of gasoline and diesel fuels, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels [1-3], biofuels [4, 5], and hydrogen fuel [6, 7]. The thermal conversion efficiency of a traditional automobile engine is between 17% and 23% [8], limited by the intrinsic characteristics of Carnot cycle. Energy storage and conversion systems with low/zero emissions, high efficiency, and great durability are required by the development of sustainable energy and power economy.


The article presents the results of studying the effect of long-lived radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr on some biochemical parameters of the blood serum of pigs. Ionizing radiation has a pronounced biological effect, and the radiobiological reaction in pigs begins with the formation of various kinds of cellular damage as a result of the transfer of radiation energy to them. A feature of the influence of incorporated irradiation on the body of pigs is not only decay, but also the formation of highly reactive ions and free radicals, which are involved in the primary radiation-chemical processes in organs and tissues with the formation of toxic metabolites. The severity of the damage depends on the type of radiation exposure, the power and dose of radiation, radiosensitivity and the age of a particular animal species. In addition, the tropism of long-lived radionuclides and the level of radioactive doses received for various organs and tissues of pigs are of particular importance.


There are a number of reports that bacteria which have been made resistant to antibiotics may be rendered normally susceptible by contact with sensitive organisms, with extracts of such organisms, or with culture filtrates. Some of these reports are mutually contradictory in important respects, and the results have not been reproducible regularly by other workers. Voureka (1948) found that when penicillin resistant staphylococci or streptococci were grown in mixed culture with penicillin sensitive pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci, or Corynebacterium diphtheriae and then reisolated, a large proportion of the colonies were sensitive to penicillin. Surprisingly, organisms naturally resistant to penicillin, such as Salmonella typhosa, also were capable of "sensitizing" the penicillin resistant staphylococci. Further, it was not necessary that the two bacterial strains actually grow together since exposure of resistant staphylococci to the sensitizing strains for as little as five minutes at incubator, room, or refrigerator temperatures often sufficed. Lysates produced by bacteriophage or chemicals, and autolysates of various organisms also induced penicillin sensitivity as did exposure to chloramphenicol and to antisera (Voureka, 1951), or exposure to sublethal amounts of various toxic agents including penicillin (Voureka, 1952). Although some of the early observations of Voureka were confirmied by Winner (1948) and George and Pandalai (1949), they could not be repeated by Bennison and Schwabacher (1948). Barber (1948), in commenting on Voureka's findings, pointed out that single colonies derived from a presumably resistant culture may be much less resistant than the parent culture and emphasized the necessity for careful controls on the


The VP7 gene fragment was cloned to the vector pFastBacHTB.The recombinant plasmid pFastBacHTB-AHSV-VP7 was constructed and was identified by PCR and enzyme digestion and sequenced.Then the plasmid pFastHTB-AHSV-VP7 was transformed into DH10Bac complement cells.It was identified by antibiotics and PCR,it showed the recombinant plasmid pFastBacHTB-AHSV-VP7 was constructed.On this basis,transposition bacmid DNA was extracted to transfect Sf9 insect cells.After transfected 96 hours,baculovirus was harvested.Then the Western blotting showed that the recombinant VP7 was expressed in insecet cells.The recombinant VP7 protein had a good biological activity and was approximate 45 ku.It is a base to construct a ELISA kit to test AHSV antibody and to prepare monoclonal antibody.


Aphid colonies were established on one second-node leaflet of young broad bean plants and sublethal treatments of 14C-labelled phorate were applied to the adjacent leaflets. After 3 days, the amounts of toxic and non-toxic 14C-labelled compounds in the aphids, their honeydew and the untreated foliage were determined. There were no significant differences between the amounts in leaves at the same level on the plant when infested and aphid-free plants were compared, but the aphids and their honey-dew contained two and 23 times as much of the toxic and non-toxic 14C-compounds, respectively, found in the host leaflets. Following translocation to aphids on leaves above or below treated leaflets, the aphid colonies again contained more labelled compounds than the host-plant leaves. The movement of non-toxic compounds into the roots was reduced when the aphid colonies were situated on foliage between the site of treatment and the roots. More of the toxic and the non-toxic fractions were translocated downwards from the third to the second leaf than in the reverse direction.


Having not enough priori knowledge, it's a difficult work for a user to choose proper input parameters of a clustering algorithm. To find the best clustering result, the usual strategy is "trial-and-error" which repeats a clustering algorithm several times with different input parameters. It's well-known that clustering analysis is a time-consuming process, so repeated clustering means costing much more time. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new inheritable clustering algorithm based on K-Means, which can inherit the ldquogoodrdquo clusters and adjust the ldquobadrdquo clusters based on previous clustering results. Experiments show that the algorithm can not only get the clustering result correctly and effectively, but also avoid falling into local optimum.


Music and electronic technologies were matching forces a long time ago in Latin America. Many composers from different countries of the region were attracted by the new possibilities that the tape recording at first, then the voltage-controlled synthesizer and the computers, were offering. This article includes excerpts from interviews to composers Cesar Bolanos from Peru, Alberto Villalpando from Bolivia and Manuel Enriquez from Mexico. They were selected to offer the reader an approach to the work and thinking of some widely recognized Latin American composers whose artistic production included electroacoustic music during the pioneering year


Spatial problem-solving tasks are often used to evaluate people's cognitive abilities. For example, Raven's Progressive Matrices is a popular intelligence test. In it, an individual is shown an array of two-dimensional images, with one image missing. The individual must compare the images and identify a pattern of differences between them, in order to solve for the missing image. Performance on tasks such as Raven's and geometric analogy ("A is to B as C is to..?") correlates strongly with performance on many other ability tasks, in the spatial, verbal, and mathematical domains. Thus, these tasks appear to depend on core, general-purpose representations and processes. However, it is as yet unclear what those representations and processes are.
To better understand these tasks, we developed Spatial Routines for Sketches (SRS), a general framework for modeling spatial problem-solving. SRS is based on a set of psychological claims about how people perform spatial problem-solving: 1) When possible, people use qualitative representations describing features such as relative position or orientation, rather than exact numerical values. 2) Spatial representations are hierarchical. A given image might be represented as object groups, individual objects, or the parts within each object. 3) Qualitative spatial representations can be compared via structure-mapping. Structure-mapping involves aligning the relational structure in two representations to find the corresponding elements.
Three task models were built within the SRS framework: geometric analogy, Raven's Progressive Matrices, and the oddity task, in which one sees a set of images and picks the one that is different. The three task models use identical representations and similar processes. Thus, they allow us to test the generality of the psychological claims, as well as the representations and processes that implement these claims.
Each task model was compared against human performance. All three models perform at least as well as human adults, and problems that are difficult for the models are also difficult for people. This supports the claims on which the models are based. Furthermore, by ablating a model's ability to perform certain operations and examining the error pattern this produces, we are able to produce new hypotheses about human reasoning.


Introduction and Aims The 9th round national sero-surveillance data shows 5.3% HIV prevalence among the PWIDs in Dhaka. Save the Children is committed to prevent HIV in Bangladesh where harm reduction is a major focus. At the beginning the project has conducted a study where one of the main focuses was to investigate the sexual behaviour and practise of the PWIDs. Design and Methods The methodology used for this study was the Rapid Situation and Response Assessment by triangulation of both qualitative and quantitative method by collecting information from primary and secondary source. The data were collected through field observation, 790 one to one in-depth questionnaire, 42 Focus group discussions, 360 Key informant interviews and 14 cases studies. Results Sixty percent (60%) of PWIDs report to have had different sex partners on different occasions and of them 9 persons on average to have sex with. On average 13% of the PWIDs have experience of having sex in the anal route and only 21% of those had used condom. Only 44% PWIDs reported that they had used condom in the last one year and consistent condom use is only 14%. Discussions and Conclusions Emphasizing safe sex behaviour programme with PWIDs is crucial to avert HIV transmission in Bangladesh.


Health is one of the main desires of man since ages. The desire of long life and health is witnessed in vedas and other classical texts of India. The concept of health is widely described in Āyurveda. The parameters are mentioned in terms of doṣa, dhātu, mala and agni etc. These parameters include the physical fitness, function of the various systems of the body, interaction with the environment, tolerance to the climate, and the mental state of the man. A review of these parameters is discussed in this paper. Equilibrium of these doṣa, dhātu, mala & agni is responsible for health and the inequalities of these brings about the disease. By understanding these factors we can assess health status of an individual. KeywordsHealth, doṣa, dhātu, agni, āyurveda. INTRODUCTION Achieving good health, wealth and paradise are the three basic desires which every human being possesses. Due to the desire of long life āyurveda has been introduced, [1] and elaborated in the eight sub division of aṣṭānga āyurveda. Out of all three desires, the desire for longevity has been the utmost priority because with the end of life there is end of everything. This can be achieved by observance of the rules meant for healthy persons and by non-negligence in treatment of diseases if they occur. [2] The longevity is dependent on health basically. Any disturbance in the equilibrium of dhātus is knows as disease and on the other hand the state of their equilibrium is health. Health and disease are also defined as pleasure and pain respectively. [3] The good health stands at the very root of virtuous acts, acquirement of wealth, gratification of desire and final emancipation. Diseases are destroyers of health, well-being and life. [4] As rightly told in ayurveda "Arogyam mulamuttamam," āyurveda has given utmost importance to ārogya (health).Thus the health is the root cause par excellence of the attainment of all these four objects of human life in as much as one suffering from a disease is absolutely incapable of performing any acts conducive to attainment of any of these four objects. [5] Health is the result of a balanced network of interactions and interrelations within living beings and their environment. [6] Mukti Manki Mita Singh et.al. Fundamental Concept of Health in Ayurveda International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 456 Vol.9; Issue: 8; August 2019 AIMS AND OBJECTIVESTo explore the concept and various parameters of health in Ayurveda. MATERIALS AND METHODS Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astanga Hridhya, Kashyap Samhita and their commentaries, published research papers and others scientific database was explored and analysed regarding the concept of health in ayurveda. REVIEW OF HEALTH IN CLASSICAL TEXTSDifferent acharyas has given concept of health as below: Ācārya Caraka has defined healthy persons as those having proportionate musculature and compactness of the body, who possess very strong sensory organs and who are not affected by the onslaught of diseases. They can tolerate hunger, thirst, the heat of the sun, cold and physical exercises. They can digest and assimilate properly. [7] Ācarya Suśruta has stated that a man is svāstha whose doṣas, agni, dhātus and malas are in the states of normalcy (samadoṣa, samāgni, samadhātumalakriya) and who is mentally, and spiritually in the state of calmness i.e. bliss and happiness. [8] This definition essentially touches the state of health in terms of all the four aspects of āyu. The reverse of this state is considered as illness. Definition of health according to Ācārya Kāśyapa is a bit different from Caraka and Suśruta. The definition given by Ācārya Kāśyapa is easily understood by common people. Ācārya Kāśyapa has not used the terms such as samadoṣa, samadhātu etc. Instead, he has emphasized on the outcomes of proper functioning of doṣa, dhātu and mala. These symptoms are[9] 1. Feeling of appetite followed by digestion of food at proper time. 2. Excretion of waste products without any obstruction. 3. Feeling of lightness in the body. 4. Proper functioning of sense organs. 5. Sound sleep at proper time and waking up with happy and fresh mind. 6. Attainment of strength, luster, longevity. 7. Healthy and happy mental state. Hence, Āyurveda describes health as svāsthya, which is a state of physical sensorial, mental and spiritual equipoising. 1. Concept of samadoṣa When vāta, pitta and kapha doṣa are in balanced state, this is called samadoṣa and this is a state of healthy individual. When this balanced state is disturbed i.e. increased or decreased it produces a state of doṣa viṣamatā which leads to different types of diseases. In nutshell equilibrium of doṣas etc. is health. Due to time factor and age there is a constant accumulation of doṣas but this is negligible and should not be taken into account. Seasonal and day to day accumulation etc. of doṣas equilibirium is affected by observing the healthy conduct and prescribed daily routine. [10] Body is originally composed of doṣas, dhātus and malas. Equilibrium, decrease and increase of doṣas, dhātus, malas etc. should be known by their natural characters and functions, hence in the context of equilibrium, here the function of doṣa etc. are mentioned. [11] 1.1 Properties of Samavāta [12] (Equilibirium of Vāta) Prāṇa vāyu – The functions include spitting, sneezing, eructation, respiration and deglutition of food. Udāna vāyuIts functions are manifestation of speech, efforts, enthusiasm, strength and lustre. Samāna vāyu The functions include promotion of power of digestion and separation of prasāda (nutrients) and kitta bhāga (waste product) of food. [13] Vyāna vāyu It is responsible for movement like extensions-contraction, blinking of eyes and circulation. Apāna vāyu Its functions include ejaculation of semen, voiding urine and stool, elimination of menstrual blood and parturition of fetus. If the functions of vata are observed then it is found that vāta doṣa is stimulator and controller of all types of movements. Mukti Manki Mita Singh et.al. Fundamental Concept of Health in Ayurveda International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (www.ijhsr.org) 457 Vol.9; Issue: 8; August 2019 These includes function of breathing in and out (respiration), movement of the food in alimentary system, absorption of the nutrients and formation or excreta (digestive system); excretion of stool and urine (excretory system); propulsion of semen, menstrual blood and fetus (reproductive system); transportation of blood and other materials (circulatory system), all kind of movements related to locomotion (locomotory system). So it acts as driving or impelling force in the body. 1.2 Properties of Samapitta (Equilibirium of Pitta)Rañjaka pittaIt is responsible for formation of blood from former rasa dhatu. [14] Pācaka pittaThe functions include digestion of food and separation of prasāda (nutrients) and kitta bhāga (waste product), sustenance of other pitta. [13] Sādhaka pittaThis is related to oja, [15] and is helpful in fulfilment of desires through buddhi, medha, and abhimāna. [14] Ālocaka pitta – It helps in perception of image of objects (vision). [16] Bhrājaka pitta – It has the function of thermoregulation, [15] maintenance of complexion and lustre of skin. [16] Formation of blood, digestion of food and metabolism, immunity, eyesight, intellect, thermoregulation and complexion of body are the outcomes of normal functioning of pitta. 1.3 Properties of Samakapha [17] (Equilibirium of kapha) – Avalambaka kaphaIt provides support to trika pradeśa and hṛadaya (thoracic region) and helps in sustenance of other types of kapha. Keladaka kapha Its functions include lubrication and softening of food (bolus) in stomach. Bodhaka kapha – It is responsible for perception of taste. Tarpaka kapha The functions include nourishment of sense organs. Śleṣka kaphaIt maintains lubrication and binding of joints. The nourishment of body, maintenance of moisture, lubrication of different part of body, perception of taste and binding of joints are the outcomes of normal functioning of kapha. 2. Concept of Samāgni Agni refers to the digestion and metabolism of the individual. Health of an individual depends on strength of agni. [18] If an individual wants healthy life its digestive power (jāṭharāgni) and tissue enzymes (dhātu agni) must be in balanced state. When Agni is increased or decreased it leads to many diseases. [19] On the basis of its strength or digestion power, it is said to be of four types -samāgni, viṣamāgni, tīkṣṇāgni and mandāgni. 2.1 Viṣamāgni – It is a state when agni is affected by vāta doṣa. Sometimes, it digests the food properly and on the other times it causes adhmāna (distension of abdomen), śūla (pain in abdomen), udāvarta (belching), atīsāra (diarrhoea), jaṭhargaurava (heaviness in abdomen), antrakujana (borborygmi), pravāhaṇa (need to strain while defecation). [20] As per sage Cakrapaṇi, sometimes it is affected by viṣama apcāra (alteration in diet) and sometimes not. [21] 2.2 Tīkṣṇāgni It is a state when agni is affected by pitta doṣa. In this condition the food taken even in excessive amount gets digested without any difficulty and in a short time. It is capable of digesting any type of food. [21] When tīṣṇāgni is increased, it is known as atyāgni which is able to digest even more quantities of food. If atyāgni is not treated it gets increased further and digest the large quantities of food taken frequently and very quickly followed by śoṣa (dryness of mouth), dāha (burning sensation) and santāpa (raised temperature) in buccal cavity at the end of digestion. [22] 2.3 Mandāgni It is a state when agni is affected by kapha doṣa. In this condition digestion of food ingested even in less quantity is not possible and it may lead to udara and ṣiro gaurava (heaviness in abdomen and head), kāsa (cough), śvāsa Mukti Manki Mita Singh et.al. Fundamental Concept of Health in Ayurveda International Journal of Health Sciences & Research (


Background
There is growing interest in preoperative chemotherapy for patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) but personalising treatments to maximise response and minimise toxicity remains a challenge. Transcatheter hepatic therapy with irinotecan-eluting beads (DEBIRI) allows targeted delivery of irinotecan direct to CRLM. However, the safety and efficacy of DEBIRI in a preoperative setting has not yet been defined. In addition, very little is understood about why response to DEBIRI varies between patients.

Aims
This thesis had 2 key aims: (1) To assess the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant DEBIRI (2) To investigate inter-patient variations in treatment response.

Methods
Patients with resectable CRLM received a single treatment with DEBIRI 1 month prior to surgery (maximal dose 200mg). The primary end-point of the study was R0 tumour resectability. Hepatic parenchyma and CRLM were sampled at the time of resection. Hepatic expression of key metabolising enzymes was assessed using mass spectrometry based proteomics. Hepatic irinotecan metabolism was characterised and correlated with tumour response.

Results
DEBIRI was successfully administered in 40 patients. 1 patient (3%) developed post-DEBIRI pancreatitis. All 40 proceeded to surgery, with 38 undergoing resection. 30 day operative mortality was 5%, morbidity 27.5% (Clavien-Dindo 1-4). 63 discreet lesions were targeted, with 74% R0 resection rate. Histopathological examination found no residual tumour in 17% of lesions, 50% tumour in 24%. 91% of treated lesions demonstrated stable disease by RECIST, with 9% demonstrating disease progression. RECIST was a poor predictor of pathological response or long-term outcome. At a median follow up of 293 days, fourteen patients (36%) had disease recurrence. On multivariate analysis, only tumour KRAS status was predictive of long-term outcome (p=0.02). There was a strong correlation between hepatic CES-2 expression and irinotecan activation (p < 0.001). Patients with a UGT1A1*28 6/7 SNP showed no difference in drug metabolism or pathological response. Hepatic CES-2 mediated activation of irinotecan clearly correlated with tumour replacement by fibrosis (p = 0.01).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant DEBIRI for CRLM, with impressive pathological response rates. Systemic exposure to irinotecan was low. The ability of hepatic tissue to activate irinotecan into SN-38 clearly correlated with tumour replacement by fibrotic tissue, suggesting that hepatic CES-2 activation is the key step in the effectiveness of DEBIRI. These preliminary data provide a pharmacological rationale for whole lobe embolisation and suggests a potential predictive biomarker of treatment efficacy for future validation.


Pyruvate, phosphate dikinase from Bacteroides symbiosus catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate, ATP, and Pi to Penolpyruvate, AMP, and PP,. Initial velocity studies by both the forward and reverse reactions in which the three substrates were varied in a constant ratio were found to be in accord with a Tri Uni Uni Ping Pong mechanism. The reaction involves three partial reactions which were investigated by the following exchanges: (a) [WIAMP =F ATP, (b) [=PlP , = PP,, and (c) [Wlpyruvate % P-enolpyruvate. Exchanges a and c were independent of other substrates but b was dependent on the presence of either P-enolpyruvate or ATP. These results also are in accord with the Tri Uni Uni Ping Pong mechanism. Phosphoryl enzyme was isolated by incubation of the enzyme with 32P-enolpyruvate and pyrophosphoryl enzyme by incubation with either Penolpyruvate and [Y'PIPPi or with [/3or yJ2PlATP. In contrast, incubation of the enzyme with W-labeled substrates did not label the enzyme, showing that only the phosphoryl moieties are transferred to the enzyme. The covalent nature of the phosphorylated intermediates was shown by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in 6.0 M urea in which the 3'LP counts remained associated with the protein bands. On acid hydrolysis, phosphoric and pyrophosphoric acid were obtained from the phosphoryl and pyrophosphoryl enzyme, respectively. The pyrophosphoryl enzyme is less stable than the phosphoryl enzyme and there was low recovery of pyrophosphoric acid from this form of the enzyme. Titration of the enzyme with either 32P-enolpyruvate or F"PlPP,, showed that -2 mol of phosphoryl or pyrophosphoryl groups are bound per mol of enzyme of 150,000 daltons. Loss of enzymatic activity occurs during storage but this was not accompanied by a corresponding decrease of phosphorylation of the enzyme. The equilibrium constant for hydrolysis of the phosphoryl enzyme was estimated using 32P and P-enol[Wlpyruvate. The average K,, was found (at 25", pH 7.2) to be 0.24 from which the free energy of hydrolysis of the phosphoryl enzyme was found to be about -14 kcal/mol.


Within the educational context numerous examples of sexism and homophobia are present. We have to eradicate prejudices which teachers continue transmitting through the hidden curriculum. In order to complete the research conducted in the 80s and 90s and provide an analysis of reality in the second decade of the 21st Century, data collected from an anecdotal record and systematic observations are interpreted following a critical perspective. The process takes place during four academic years in different contexts in Castilla y Leon. The results show that stereotypes still remain entrenched despite efforts to show a climate of equality. Research in this line must continue if we want a quality education system in line with societal demands.


PPET type gravimeter in Zhangzhou seismic station is the state seismological bureau fifteen observation project,and Fujian has a total of 2 sets of gravimeter.This paper introduced the the observation briefing of Zhangzhou PET type gravimeter running for 4 years,and summarized instrument failure or problems that may be encountered in the daily observation process.The article discussed the experience measures to solve instrument problems,and improved the quality of instrument maintenance.


Report by Portland State University's Oregon Biodiversity Information Center (ORBIC), part of the Oregon University System's Institute for Natural Resources


colour-deficiency axis. The authors compared the axis identified using the Ishihara plates, Farnsworth D15, Lanthony 15 Hue, Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue


Interest groups resort to grass roots lobbying tactics with increasing frequency, but they are unsure when and how such a strategy affects congressional decision making. In analyzing citizen activists who belong to environmental organizations and their influence on Senate roll calls, this paper defines the limits and possibilities of such grass roots pressure. In general, the statistical results indicate that grass roots mobilization has a modest value as a lobbying tool, but they also suggest that certain issues, state conditions, and characteristics of the group members themselves shape the receptivity of senators to organized constituent opinion.


A multiple-scattering radiative transfer model is used to infer F2 region ion densities from measurements of the O+ 834-A dayglow obtained from a spinning satellite. A parametric study is performed to demonstrate the sensitivity of the 834-A intensity profiles to variations in the solar ionizing flux, neutral atmospheric composition, and ionospheric density distribution. Results show that the solar flux and neutral densities govern the magnitude of the O+ 834-A intensity, but the shape of the intensity profiles as a function of look angle depends on the distribution of ions. Selected comparisons of the model results with the STP 78-1 EUV airglow data show that the height of the F2 peak, the peak ion density, and scale height of the ionosphere can be determined from the satellite data. Near the magnetic dip equator the data show increased intensity in the zenith look direction and increased limb brightening due to the effects of the upward plasma drifts associated with the equatorial anomaly. The parametric study shows that the behavior of the optical data is consistent with an upward movement of the height of the F2 peak in the anomaly.


Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a chronic inflammation of liver which infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The chronic inflammation of liver will lead to cirrhosis, complications of liver decompensation from cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and even death.There are two kinds of drugs are available for the treatment: interferon(IFN)which including IFN-αand pegylated IFN, and nucleoside analog(NAs) which including lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.We will describe the mechanisms of the CHB, INF and NAs to state the effect on the clinical outcome(cirrhosis, complications from cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death) of the therapy of antiviral therapies.

Key words:
Chronic hepatitis B; Interferon; Nucleoside analog; Clinical outcomes


In this Legal Eagle article, David J. Goldberg, M.D., J.D., discusses whether or not you can pay a patient to leave your practice.


The ultrasonic heating rates of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films are reported. For this measurement, we used an experimental set-up consisting of an ultrasonic vibrator, a horn, and a radiation thermometer. Because the horn did not touch the film surfaces, the temperature increase was only by the ultrasonic vibration transmitted from the horn. The highest and lowest temperature increase were recorded for the PET and LDPE films, respectively. The temperature increase was related with the viscosity of the polymer films.


Objective To analyze the pathogens and antibiltic resistance of urine culture in children for the guidance of clinical treatment and prevention and control of urinary tract infections.Methods From 2010-2011,1 386 cases of urine culture were identified by VITEK-32 instrument and K-B method was used to study the antimicrobial resistance.Data analysis and statistical processing were done by WHONET 5.4 software.Results From 2010 to 2011,138 pathogens were isolated from 1 386 urine samples,with positive rate of 9.96%.In which Gram negative bacilli accounted for 69.57%(96 strains),the majority was the Escherichia coli(E.coli) and klebsiella pneumoniae;Gram positive cocci accounted for 24.64%(34 strains).The majority was Enterococcus fasium and Enterococcus faecalis;fungi accounted for 5.8%(8 strains).88 strains of E.coli were isolated from within the 2 years.And 63.64%(56/88) of which were producing extended spectrum beta lactamases.Conclusion E.coli is the main pathogens cultured from children urine.The situation of clinical treatment of urinary tract infections become worse due to more multi-resistance.Therefore,it is important to daily understand and monitor the pathogen distribution and drug-resistance of E.coli strains for a proper clinical choice of antibiotics.


Reverse logistics has been an emerging field both in academic as well as in applied research since last two decades because of increasing consumer awareness, legislative initiatives and profits associated with reuse of products or components. The costs associated with reverse logistics are usually high and these need to be minimized. The current study focuses on the formulation of alliance for cost reductions in reverse logistics. Remanufacturing, refurbishing, repair, cannibalization and reuse are the processes which add value to the reverse logistics system and are capable of converting it into a profitable venture. Used products contribute a cheaper source of components and spares required to remanufacture a product because of the less costs associated with the labor and material resources when compared with the manufacturing of new parts or products. When a defective part is removed from a product or assembly, it can be restored to its original state of functionality. Instead of purchasing a new, the same can be restored from repair/remanufacture centre just replacing defective part with a new part or spare. Furthermore, for manufacturers to reduce investments in reverse logistics, the formations of alliance and sharing of facilities for remanufacturing can lead to more profitability. In this study a focus has been made for the formation of remanufacturing alliance and an algorithm has been formulated for the selection of optimal remanufacturing center for the reverse logistics alliance. A case company has been selected from emerging Chinese electronic manufacturing industry. The case has been solved by using data set of the selected company with the help of formulated algorithm.


PLX4032 has been shown in animal studies to stop the growth of melanoma cells, but only when the target oncogene, which encodes the enzyme serine-threonine protein kinase B-RAF, has the V600E mutation (valine substituted for glutamic acid at amino acid 600). A phase I dose escalation trial has found the maximum dose at which side effects such as rash, fatigue, and joint pain occur in fewer than one in six people. Most participants had metastatic melanoma, three had papillary thyroid cancer, and three had other cancers, regardless of the V600Emutation. Tumours without the mutation did not respond to treatment but those with the mutation did, and the dose was set at 960 mg twice daily. Thirty two more patients were then entered into the extension phase of the trial, all of whom had metastatic melanoma that was positive for the mutation. Melanoma disappeared in two of these participants and shrank in 24 of 32. Squamous cell carcinoma developed as an adverse event in 10 of 32. The study is ongoing, but median survival without progression of the disease has exceeded seven months. Other research indicates that treatment could be harmful in people with melanomas that lack this mutation, and the editorialists warn that for now this should be avoided (p 876). Upcoming trials should elucidate how PLX4032 fits in with other drugs that show promise for melanoma—MEK (mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1) inhibitors and ipilimumab.


Most medical practitioners are familiar with the major complications and sequelk associated with the venereal diseases. Not so many, perhaps, are in a position to appreciate the psychological and sociological side-issues which may occur. Many of these difficulties, especially with female patients, fall within the province of almoners, health visitors, and others specially equipped to deal with them. The problems sometimes raised by infection acquired through homosexual contact are, in the main, a feature of practice in the larger cities of this island. One's impression is that most of these cases gravitate towards London where, because of its very size, the homosexual can find congenial companionship with less risk of encountering relations and friends from whom his abnormality is a closely guarded secret. My observations in this paper are contined to males. Cases of female homosexuality, perhaps on account of their nature, are very seldom seen in venereal disease clinics. In my own experience I can recall only one such case.


FRONTISPIECE. Processing results of "MetaBoard". The proposed calibration board "MetaBoard" is detected and processed in various calibration environments (Dong et al., this issue). The real images are captured by a singlelens reflex camera, a camera with a wideangle lens and a fisheye camera. The corresponding simulation data is rendered by Blender. Top: Target detection comparison under different illuminations. The proposed learningbased target detection algorithm is compared with traditional methods (i.e., OpenCV). Bottom: Board processing results in various scenarios. The proposed method can process the board under different distortions, tilted angles and simple or complex environments, where those scenarios are challenging for traditional methods.


Purpose: This study evaluated the oncological and functional results of a surgical treatment for malignant pelvic bone tumors using a low-heat-treated autologous bone graft. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with malignant pelvic bone tumors who were followed-up for more than one year were enrolled in this study. There were six males and five females. The mean age was forty-one years and the mean follow-up period was thirty months. Nine patients had primary bone tumors and two patients had metastatic tumors with various histological origins. A surgical resection was carried out according to the anatomic location (Type Ⅰ/Ⅱ 3 cases, Type Ⅱ 2 cases, Type Ⅱ/Ⅲ 6 cases). The surgical methods used were a wide resection, a low-heat-treated autologous bone graft, total hip arthroplasty and rigid internal fixation. The ISOLS score was used to determine the oncological outcome. Results: The mean ISOLS score was 61.2% at the final follow-up. The index of pain and emotional acceptance showed high scores, but functional ability, support, walking ability and gait showed relatively low scores. Bone union was achieved at a mean post-operative 6 months. The post-operative complications were one case of a local recurrence, two cases of infection and one case of a dislocation of the total hip arthroplasty. Conclusion: A wide resection and reconstruction with a low-heat-treated autologous bone graft in malignant pelvic bone tumors were satisfactory oncologically as well as functionally in the brief period. However, a longer follow-up and an examination of more cases will be needed.


The Self-Directed Search®–Fifth Edition (SDS) is a 25to 35-min self-administered, self-scored, and self-interpreted career interest assessment. It is based on John Holland's Theory and Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) Typology, which is considered the most comprehensively studied career theory and typology (Brown & Lent, 2013; Gottfredson & Holland, 1996). Although it is commonly administered individually, Holland and Messer (2013) reported that it can be administered to groups of 15 to 25. Larger group administration is also possible but they recommended that trained staff be available for every 25 to 30 individuals. The revised SDS can be administered using a paper format or delivered through an online format. The fifth edition of the SDS increased the applicable age of participants to 11 years and older, allowing for much younger participants than previous editions. Despite the lowered age range, the readability of the SDS Next Step and interpretation resources remain at the seventh-grade level according to Flesch–Kincaid readability formula. Practitioners interested in using the SDS with individuals aged 15 to 74 years with lower reading abilities can continue to use Form E from the fourth edition. This alternative form uses questions written at a fourth-grade readability level and a simplified two-code scoring system. Holland and Messer (2013) highly recommended that the SDS be used only with individuals who demonstrate interest in learning more about career opportunities and possibilities. The results may be less valid for unmotivated clients as the assessment requires active participation to "generate occupational alternatives and self-understanding" (Holland & Messer, 2013, p. 8). A Spanish version of the fifth edition is also available. Practitioners who need the Canadian French and Canadian English versions will need to continue using the forms from the SDS fourth edition. In addition, although the SDS fourth edition has been translated into 20 to 25 languages (PAR, 2013), translated versions of the fifth edition are not yet available. To complete the revised assessment, individuals complete the Form R Assessment Booklet, which contains several activities. The assessment begins by asking participants to list any jobs they have previously considered. The next three sections ask participants to check like/dislike or yes/ no to a list of activities, competencies, and occupations organized by Holland's six basic personality types: RIASEC. Once completed, the participants rate themselves on a scale of 1 (low) to 7 (high) on several traits related to the RIASEC Typology, such as mechanical, teaching, musical, or math ability. From these responses, the SDS produces a personal summary code made up of three letters representing the highest typologies identified through these activities. For example, for individuals who scored highest in the Social (S), Investigative (I), and Artistic (A), their summary code would read SIA. This code would be used with other SDS resources to find occupations, education opportunities, and leisure activities that match their personality.


Transferal and recursive filter concepts, normally associated with discrete-time applications, are adapted for implementation in the microwave frequency range. Principal focus is on microwave active filter designs that permit realization of wide bandwidths, with microwave transistors used as active elements. A transversal-type and a recursive-type experimental filter, both of which exhibit 9-15-GHz bandpass responses, serve to illustrate aspects of physical implementation, while offering a convenient basis for comparing the two different approaches.


...................................................................................672 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................672 I.  HISTORY .......................................................................675 A.  Problems that Existed in Patent Law Prior to the Creation of the Federal Circuit .............................675 B.  Previous Reform Proposals ...................................683 C.  The Solution ...........................................................687 D. Debate over the Bill ...............................................693 E.  What Were the Congressional Expectations of the Federal Circuit? ...............................................699 II.  ASSESSMENT ............................................................. 705 A.  The First Five Years of the Court: 1982–1987 ......706 B.  The Court from 1988–1997 ....................................711 C.  The Court from 1998–2007 ....................................720 A PDF version of this Article is available online at http://iplj.net/blog/archives/ volumexxi/book3. Visit http://iplj.net/blog/archives for access to the IPLJ archive. * George Cox Beighley, Jr. is an attorney in Washington, D.C. focusing on intellectual property. Mr. Beighley graduated from Vanderbilt University with a degree in Physics with High Honors and Political Science. He graduated law school at the University of South Carolina and received his LL.M. in intellectual property from George Washington University. Mr. Beighley worked briefly on the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit with Judge Pauline Newman, where he was able to acquire most of the information for this Article. The author acknowledges with deep gratitude the many kindnesses of the Honorable Pauline Newman, the Honorable Randall Rader, the Honorable Alan Lourie, the Honorable William Bryson, and the Honorable Timothy Dyk; all distinguished jurists on the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit; as well as my professors at the George Washington University Law School, Donald Dunner, the Honorable Gerald Mossinghoff, and the Honorable Ralph Oman. I would also like to thank Kenneth Rodriguez of the George Washington University Law School Law Library for his research. Their guidance and friendship have made this Article possible. C04_BEIGHLEY_20110425 (DO NOT DELETE) 4/26/2011 6:42 PM 672 FORDHAM INTELL. PROP. MEDIA & ENT. L.J. [Vol. 21:671 D. The Court from 2008–2010 ....................................723 E.  Is the Court a Success? ..........................................727 F.  The Future of the Court .........................................735 CONCLUSION .................................................................................735 APPENDIX .....................................................................................738


Scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) images of the c(2√3×4)rect layer of benzene and carbon monoxide co‐adsorbed on the Rh(111) surface are shown. For the first time, individual CO molecules have been resolved, as well as ring‐like benzene structures.


There are several mythologies cropped up against the perception of biotechnology. As far as a developing country like India is concerned, because of numerous causes, biotechnological approaches got failure at certain points. It reflects that biotechnology is still required to upgrade in view of making it accessible by the humankind. Further, this is semi-truth of the research outcome; if proper investigations are performed, it will positively be helpful to understand the fact behind biotechnology. If it will be brought in practice by the human, then its real boons for the humankind, however embroidered research can result into the curse for humankind. The present overview will certainly provide new insights into developing a strong platform exploring the paths towards affirming that biotechnology is a boon rather than curse for mankind.


This article shows that against the neglect on Internet asset value in traditional financial accounting theory and practice, the authors proposed an improved real option model for assessing Internet asset value based on Metcalfe's law and adaptive expectation hypothesis, and used it to assess the Internet asset value of Tencent company. The results showed that the improved real option model can accurately assess the value of Internet asset, and the assessment result was extremely consistent with the result assessed by efficient market theory algorithm. The results also showed that Internet asset value played a predominate role in Internet enterprise overall value, and both the initial revenue growth and estimated time had a significant positive effect on Internet asset value, and long-term industry operation cost coefficient and short-term corporate operation cost coefficient had a significant negative effect on Internet asset value. The results indicated that cutting the cost or increasing the network users could promote the value of Internet asset.


Purpose The genetics of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is slowly unfolding with the recent discovery that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 4 genes, Complement Factor H (CFH), ARMS2/LOC387715, HTRA1 and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) independently confer a greater risk of disease. We have taken this further and analyzed a combined DNA profile for the SNPs in these 4 genes.

Methods Patients with exudative AMD (n=45) and age-matched controls (n=94) were genotyped for the CFH Y402H (rs1061170), ARMS2 A69S (rs10490924), HTRA1 -512 (rs11200638), and the VEGF +674 (rs1413711) polymorphisms, by RFLP, AS-PCR and randomized sequencing. Statistical analysis was carried out for each individual loci and into a combined DNA profile using the PHASE program.

Results Association of the VEGF +674CC genotype with AMD has been previously reported. We observed strong associations with AMD and the CFH-CC [OR=11.9 (4.5,31.3), p=0.0000000184], ARMS2-TT [OR=4.7 (1.6, 13.8), p=0.0023] and HTRA1-AA [OR=3.6 (1.3,10.1), p=0.0128] genotypes respectively. We also observed strong linkage disequilibrium between rs10490924 and rs11200638 (r2=0.9138), as seen in previous studies. However, possession of the 4 SNP DNA profile: CTAC (CFH/ARMS2/HTRA1/VEGF) is strongly associated with AMD [OR=63.0 (8.3, 475.4), p<0.00001].

Conclusion Past associations between CFH, ARMS2 & HTRA1 have already been reported, and this data further supports this. However, the possession of the CTAC 'at risk' DNA profile shows the potential combined effects of these three genes, and their strong association with AMD. It is now possible to identify those most at risk in the general population allowing lifestyle choices to be made that could reduce the overall risk of AMD.


Crop farming in Sub-Saharan Africa is constantly confronted by extreme weather events. Researchers have been striving to develop different tools that can be used to reduce the impacts of adverse weather on agriculture. Index-based crop insurance (IBCI) has emerged to be one of the tools that could potentially hedge farmers against weather-related risks. However, IBCI is still constrained by poor product design and basis risk. This study complements the efforts to improve IBCI design by evaluating the performances of the Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite data and ground-based observations (TAMSAT) and Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) in estimating rainfall at different spatial scales over the maize-growing season in a smallholder farming area in South Africa. Results show that CHIRPS outperforms TAMSAT and produces better results at 20-day and monthly time steps. The study then uses CHIRPS and a crop water requirements (CWR) model to derive IBCI thresholds and an IBCI payout model. Results of CWR modeling show that this proposed IBCI system can cover the development, mid-season, and late-season stages of maize growth in the study area. The study then uses this information to calculate the weight, trigger, exit, and tick for each of these growth stages. Although this approach is premised on the prevailing conditions in the study area, it can be applied in other areas with different growing conditions to improve IBCI design.


Abstract When Robert Musil, in an early draft of Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The Man WithoutQualities), recasts the role of Arnheim's servant boy, he fundamentally alters the latter's characteristics. Formerly the Catholic son of a sacristan, brought up in obedience to the principles of honesty, the servant is now turned into a farcical ›little Negro boy‹ who can be described and understood as one of the ›coon jesters‹ or ›coon servants‹ who had their heyday in 1920s and 30s Hollywood cinema.


Abstract The diploid, parthenogenetic, whiptail lizard Aspidoscelis tesselata is represented by two distinctive variants of color pattern in southeastern Colorado. Pattern-class C has been recorded from several sites in the canyonlands of Otero, Las Animas, and Baca counties and D has been recorded from four sites north of the Purgatoire River near Higbee, Otero County. We report a specimen of A. tesselata D collected in 2008 south of the Purgatoire River in Las Animas County, which represents a significant range extension for this distinctive parthenogen.


Compact area, low delay, and fast synthesis time are important issues in logic circuit design. In order to orchestrate these main goals, this paper proposes a new algebraic threelevel expression called sum of extended pseudoproducts (SEPP) with low delay and compact area. These forms are an extension of sum of pseudoproduct (SPP) three-level expressions. The paper proposes an efficient heuristic algorithm that gives compact solutions in a reduced synthesis time. A wide set of experimental results confirms that SEPP forms are often more compact than SPP forms, and their synthesis is always a fast reoptimization phase after SPP minimization.


The variation of the normal-mode coupling in a semiconductor microcavity is demonstrated by reducing the cavity quality through stepwise removing top mirror pairs. The dependence of the measured normal-mode coupling linewidths on the cavity quality is well reproduced by calculations on the basis of a linear dispersion theory with broadened excitons in a microcavity.


19 oct. 2010 Bolekaja - Andile Mngxitama THOMAS Sankara - every child and every adult who wishes to change our society for the better must remember that name. We need to learn from honour and try to emulate the great example of this young man who was brutally murdered by the enemies of black people. On October 15 1987 in Burkina Faso, the enemies of Africa opened fire and killed one of the most brilliant of our African leaders. The media, academy and even the arts world has not raised (...)


A pore-scale model using PHAST is set up to study to what extent interand intragranular micro-niches can affect the distribution and presence of redox processes and other geochemical processes in a groundwater system, and to what extent such local effects are impeded by diffusion. The model takes diffusive transport and advective transport into account but not the actual velocity distribution within the active flow channels. However using the features of PHREEQC, an integral part of PHAST, it is possible to implement a complete geochemistry, in this case including FeS precipitation, calcite dissolution and precipitation, as well as a partial equilibrium description of the redox processes; Fe-oxide reduction, sulfate reduction and reversable methanogenesis, implemented with a gap in the Gibbs energy where there is no reaction. The model result indicates that a separation of redox processes within the porespace is possible, given that the stagnant pores are deep enough, and that the organic matter is reactive enough. Assuming a finite energy requirement for the microbial reoxidation of methane, the common observation of methane in many aquifers that are not extremely reduced can be explained, but in most aquifers the organic matter reactivity will be so low that lumps of organic matter rather than intragranular coatings or fragments of organic matter are required. The model indicates that ongoing redox processes may lead to secondary processes, occurring at the grain-scale; e.g. the oxidation of organic matter in a micro-niche releases CO2 which dissolves calcite, which is reprecipitated where the Fe-oxides are being reduced, due to the locally increased pH.


A three-dimensional finite element model representing the conductive anatomy of the canine thorax was used to study magnetically induced currents in the myocardium. In this study, we simulated an applied magnetic field previously shown to cause irregular cardiac activity in canine experiments. We investigated the influence of model shape, conductive inhomogeneity, and anisotropy on the spatial distribution of the induced myocardial current density and its maximum (J/sub max/). Results suggest that shape, conductive inhomogeneity and anisotropy substantially influence myocardial current distributions and J/sub max/. Neglecting these factors yields results that substantially overestimate J/sub max/.<<ETX>>


This study is based on a set of religious documents (pastoral letters, Semaines religieuses, catechisms, prayers, Catholic voter's textbooks, newspapers, etc.) which draw the boundaries and the contents of citizenship as the French Catholics taught from the 19th century to the period between the two wars. The aim is to study the ways Catholic civic standards were circulated and to evaluate how the Catholic church contributed to the politicization of the French society, to evaluate its participation in defining a repertory of political action that went along with the Catholic ethic, and to go over the historical development of this work of political socialization (primary as well as secondary). This inculcation of a global religious vision of the social world virtually forbade Catholic voters and their families to see political space as autonomous. Religion was thus a public affair that penetrated the various areas of social life. The Church sought to discredit a secular vision of the world and a type of socialization that supported the specificity of a political space separate from any structural and religious principle. Attempts to impose specifically political categories were stigmatized as simplistic or even more destructive of the "human person" as the Church meant to govern in its totality.


. This paper describes an authorization model for specifying access privileges of users who make requests to access a set of locations in a building or more generally a physical or virtual infrastructure. In the model, primitive locations can be grouped into composite locations and the connectivities among locations are represented in a multilevel location graph. Authorizations are defined with temporal constraints on the time to enter and leave a location and constraints on the number of times users can access a location. Access control enforcement is conducted by monitoring user movement and checking access requests against an authorization database. The authorization model also includes rules that define the relationships among authorizations. We also describe the problem of finding inaccessible locations given a set of user specified authorizations and a multilevel location graph, and outline a solution algorithm.


It is uncertain whether gender affects the outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF). The objective of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CA for long‐standing persistent AF in women.


The thermal expansion of Pb2O3 has been determined by X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 22–160°C. The linear coefficients of the thermal expansion tensor, calculated by least-squares analysis of experimental data, are: α1 = 8.6 ± 0.5, α2 = 21.9 ± 0.3, α3 = 18.0 ± 0.5 (all 10−6°C−1); ψ = (a, a1) = −28° 20′ ± 2°. The anisotropy of thermal expansion is explained, in agreement with the structure found for Pb2O3, by interionic repulsions between Pb4+ and Pb2+ ions.