The 3-chymotrypsin-like protease 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2 is a potential target for antiviral drug development. In this work, three organometallic ferrocene-modified quinolinones and coumarins were compared to their benzoic acid ester analogues with regard to inhibition of 3CLpro using a HPLC-based assay with a 15mer model peptide as the substrate. In contrast to FRET-based assays, this allows direct identification of interference of buffer constituents with the inhibitors, as demonstrated by the complete abolishment of ebselen inhibitory activity in the presence of DTT as a redox protectant. The presence of the organometallic ferrocene moiety significantly increased the stability of the title compounds towards hydrolysis. Among the studied compounds, 4-ferrocenyloxy-1-methyl-quinol-2-one was identified as the most stable and potent inhibitor candidate. IC50 values determined for ebselen and this sandwich complex compound are (0.40 ± 0.07) and (2.32 ± 0.21) μM, respectively.


When the greatest part of the architectural past is destroyed, as it was over the last two centuries of Edinburgh's development, we become totally dependant on the image left to us by contemporary descriptions. But how reliable is the evidence of the town's mid-eighteenth-century form? That is the question this paper sets out to examine.


A Monte Carlo Simulation was conducted to compare the profitability of glyphosate-resistant (GR) and conventional sugarbeet systems. GR sugarbeet systems were more profitable than low-cost conventional systems as long as GR sugarbeet systems realize a 0.76 tonne ha yield increase. If the expected 4.48 tonne ha yield increase is realized, GR systems are on average $236.36 ha more profitable than low-cost conventional sugarbeet systems and $552.86 ha more profitable that high-cost conventional sugarbeet systems. Nomenclature: glyphosate


Abstract The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of segetal and ruderal weeds in young apple and cherry organic orchards, where weeds under tree canopies were controlled mechanically with a rototiller, and in conventional orchards, where post-emergence herbicides were used. The research material consisted of phytosociological relevés recorded according to the Braun-Blanquet method, in three organic and three conventional orchards, situated near Skierniewice (central Poland), in 2010-2013. On the basis of the collected source material, species composition for the synanthropic flora, as well as phytosociological stability, the cover factor, and weed infestation rate for the analysed species were determined. The total number of the recorded weeds and the average number of weed species in a single relevé were for each of the three organic orchards greater than for the conventional orchards. The organic orchard situated in the same location as the conventional orchard was characterized by a greater biodiversity of flora. Systematic shallow cultivation of the soil, without herbicide treatments, resulted in the proliferation of perennial weeds.


Although NMR is a versatile technique, the low values associated with nuclear spin polarization provide inherently weak signals. A novel system to perform temperature-jump dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has been designed and developed at the University of Nottingham, with the aim to enhance this signal and improve the sensitivity of the NMR experiment.

This system utilizes a bespoke helium flow cryostat, located within the bore of a superconducting magnet, to achieve temperatures down to 1.75 K for high levels of polarization to build up on an electron spin population. This high level of polarization can then be transferred to a nuclear species of interest using microwave irradiation, while remaining at low temperature, allowing the weak signals associated with NMR to become enhanced. Following ample nuclear polarization build-up, a powerful mid-IR laser is used to rapidly bring the sample to 300 K, ensuring the spectra benefit from the line narrowing associated with liquid-state NMR. An Er:YAG laser with a wavelength of 2.94 µm has been chosen for this as it couples energy directly into the vibrational modes of hydroxyl groups present within the sample.

The rapid heating mechanism underpins the success of this experiment twofold. Firstly, performing the temperature-jump in a shorter time period preserves a greater signal enhancement. This needs to be done carefully as too much heating will obliterate the sample, destroying the signal. Secondly, a temperature-jump without dilution of the sample, as occurs in dissolution DNP, allows sample recycling to take place. This opens the technique up for otherwise unavailable applications, such as multidimensional correlation spectroscopy with repetitive excitations. Development of the cryo-system, heating mechanism and NMR probe, alongside preliminary experiments and calculations, suggest that this technique should greatly improve the sensitivity of the liquid state NMR experiment.


This study aims to obtain a clear picture of the effects of supervision which consists of routine supervision, individual supervision, and monitoring of the administration of Papua Province.The type of data used is qualitative data and quantitative data. Primary and secondary data is the source of the data used. Data collection techniques used are field data and literature study data. The study was conducted using qualitative analysis techniques and quantitative analysis consisting of research instrument tests, standard assumption tests, and multiple regression analysis.The results showed that the routine supervision variable partially had a significant influence on the administration of the Papua Province. While the special supervision and partial monitoring variables do not have a significant effect on the administration of the Papua Province. Variables of routine supervision, individual supervision, and simultaneous monitoring have a significant influence on the administration of Papua Province.The routine supervision variable is the most dominant factor influencing the administration of Papua Province.


To adapt to the demand of network centric warfare(NCW) and realize the global attack tactic,the USA army started the plan of global information grid(GIG) in 2000.This article gives the definition and development goal of GIG,and analyzes the system structure and characteristics of GIG,and finds out its weak tache,which provides reference to GIG countermeasures.


The igneous succession in Mount Royal is outlined emphasizing the fact that there were two distinct advances of a nepheline syenite magma.Those rocks which are definitely known to belong to the older nepheline syenite and those known to belong to the younger are described separately.A number of types are described which belong either to the first or to the second intrusion, but whose relations are not definitely known. These include most of the nepheline syenite pegmatites, nordmarkite pegmatites, soda-rich monzonites, syenites and an unusual porphyry intermediate between a shonkinite and an essexite.Seven chemical analyses are given.


ABSTRACT Natural fibers are one of the good alternative sources for replacing synthetic fiber and reinforcing polymer matrices because of their eco-friendly nature. This investigation deals with the extraction and characterization of new natural fiber from Indian mallow plant stem. The physico-chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of Indian mallow fibers (IMFs) were reported and compared with other natural fibers for the first time. Cellulose (78.22%), wax (0.47%), density (1.33 g/cm³), and tensile strength (979.83 MPa) were recognized in IMFs. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermo-gravimetric analysis confirmed that IMFs are rich in cellulose content and thermally stable with a crystallinity index of 72%.


Said bin Taimur had served as the President of Sultan Taimur's Council of Ministers since 1929, effectively in charge of the government during his father's prolonged absences from Muscat. When Sultan Taimur abdicated, he succeeded him, as had been planned, becoming Sultan of Muscat and Oman on February 10, 1932. In June of the same year the first oil on the Arabian side of the Gulf was found, in Bahrain. In September Abdul-Aziz ibn Saud finally succeeded in reunifying the provinces of the earlier Saudi states in the new Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The year 1932 marks more, therefore, than the transition from one Sultan to another in Oman; it may also be seen as the moment at which a major change was inaugurated in the political and economic order of the Arabian Peninsula. As part of this broader process of change, Oman started to become, for the first time in its history, the kind of unified nation-state that has become the dominant form of political organisation in the modern world. This process of transformation owed much to external circumstances: in particular, the possibility that there might be oil to be discovered in Oman, too, led Sultan Said, the British government and the oil companies to the shared conviction that its exploitation could best be achieved within a clearly delimited territory under a single political authority. From 1932 to 1959, then, Sultan Said oversaw a complex and difficult attempt to forge a unified state, while at the same time he sought to limit the extent of its dependence upon the British, even while relying upon their political and military support to secure its unity and its independence. Understanding Sultan Said It used to be a commonplace of historical accounts of his reign to characterise Sultan Said as a deeply conservative and intransigent figure, entirely resistant to change and responsible for maintaining his country in a state of backwardness and isolation. Much of this reputation appears to derive from the last decade of his reign, by which time he had withdrawn to Salalah, where his minimal administration was certainly responsible for widespread economic neglect, social repression and stagnation in Dhofar.


The analysis of decay curves by the fitting of sums of positive exponentials by the S-exponential sum method of Cantor and Evans is considered. The method has significant advantages over previous methods in guaranteeing the uniqueness of the derived set of positive amplitude exponentials, which provide the best weighted least-squares fit to the data, and in not requiring prior estimates of the number or the values of the decay constants. This paper treats the case of analysis of a single exponential with background and varying noise levels. A comparison of the accuracy obtainable using the C–E method and the Marquardt least-squares procedure is made. The application of this analysis to photon correlation spectroscopy is discussed.


Facing and anticipating budget reductions, 52 European R&D organizations, including technical supports of safety authorities, industry, utilities and universities, have decided to join their efforts in a durable way by networking their research activities in the frame of a Network of Excellence proposed as a FP-6 project called SARNET, coordinated by the French "Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire". The integral severe accident analysis code ASTEC, developed by IRSN and GRS, will provide the backbone of the integration. Actions are proposed to integrate in ASTEC the current knowledge and all the future knowledge generated within SARNET. In addition, integrating activities will be carried out as the creation of large scientific databases, the elaboration of a research priority index, education and training.


In this paper, we summarized the technologies of great promise related with information technology by reference to the reports issued by popular research institutes or organizations in the inside and outside of country. We clssified those technologies by the fields of study in information technology, contents technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology, green technology, manufacture technology, service technology, robot technology, and human technology. And then we introduced the research direction of information technology convergence for industry in the Republic of Korea.


: Vine shoots resulting from vine pruning can become valuable products of interest for many industries. Research conducted to date showed that resveratrol is found in many parts of the vine. The aim of the present study was to determine the resveratrol content in Romanian vine sprouts samples by direct injection into the HPLC instrument coupled with diode array detector after being filtered through 0.45 μm PTFE membrane filters. The resveratrol content varied from 5.44 mg/100 g to 10.27 mg/100 g in ethanolic extracts. For aqueous extract, the resveratrol was found in only two samples in very low concentration. Thise paper aimed to contribute to the research on the capitalization of residual products from viticulture industry.


he study was undertaken to assess the attitudes of students towards self medication having the knowledge that people often use drugs that were not prescribed for them from time to time. To achieve this, the study was carried out among students of T Federal University of Technology, Akure. Three schools were randomly selected from the available seven, school of post graduate studies inclusive. From each school, three departments were chosen and ten students were sampled from each department. Questionnaire was the instrument used for the data collection. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as tables, frequency and percentage and inferential statistics which include t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Regression. The results showed that a larger percentage of the respondents were Male (67%), a larger percentage also practices self medication while negative attitude towards self medication was also found. The population under study was found to be multi-ethnic and multi-religious. Further findings indicated that there was no significant difference between self medication practices and knowledge of self medication among the student. It was recommended that enlightenment campaigns using multi organs of information dissemination, while also, adequate number of staff should be made available at the Health Centre to reduce long queues during consultations and treatment.


We have improved the prior\|form eikonal approximation to the corrected effective\|potential eikonal approximation, using the valence electron effective\|potential of Li atom, and calculated the total electron capture cross sections for H +, He 2+ ions collided with Li atom. The present results are in agreement with experments.


of surface distinctly dotted Anterofrontal margin with round angle bilobed or four-lobed. tooth small, separated from tooth by triangular, shape, semicircular the beginning of proximal part, half or about half of this


"Publish or Perish" describes the pressure exerted on scientific researchers to continually and rapidly publish, to demonstrate academic talent, to obtain financial support for their research, and to progress in their career. The pressure to publish seems to be one of the main causes of the reduction in the quality of scientific work submitted for publication, and in some cases leads to scientific misconduct and fraud. The number of articles retracted for fraud has sharply increased in the last years, indicating a crisis of the "peer-review" system, producing a waste of financial resources, mining the reliability of researchers and in some cases posing risks for human health. Although the solution of this problem lies on the full recovery of "research ethics", institutions should apply strict oversight to ensure research integrity. Furthermore, funders and research agencies must support and reward researchers who do solid science and hold to account those whose methods are questionable.


Ideological and political education belongs to the project of "shaping heart and soul",based on practicing a certain "legitimately endowing" of character and morals of person.During the last decade,Chinese scholars have achieved some successes in the study of the basic theory of the ideological and political education,such as the nature,the value,research methods,etc.,but the confusions remain.As an integral part,the "meta-problem" should be strengthened and deepened,so that the discipline construction can be further enriched and perfected.


ABSTRACT This paper proposes a framework of support for reducing barriers to curriculum access for students with disabilities in higher education (HE), by drawing upon findings from a unique longitudinal qualitative study. The 'Longitudinal Transitions Study' commenced in 2010 and followed the transition experiences of a group of 80 young people since they left compulsory education, 32 of whom went into HE. Interviews were conducted with participants at several key stages of their time in HE and supplemented by focused case study work with seven of the participants. The analysis provides original examination of how appropriate balance can be achieved between broad inclusive practice and individual adjustments meeting specific needs. Key curriculum access issues identified in the study are outlined with examples of how these were overcome through 'inclusive practice', 'individual adjustments' and 'individual agency' of the student. Drawing upon a Bioecological Model of Inclusive HE, a framework of support is proposed for achieving appropriate balance through the notion of progressive and mutual accommodations to facilitate learning environments which enable students with disabilities to become independent learners. The paper has broader significance for educators and researchers concerned with promoting inclusive teaching in HE and ensuring equality of opportunity for all students.


Abstract The article provides a thorough analysis of the forms of corruption and the actors involved, as well as a critical review of national forest policy and economy in Bénin, West Africa. Empirical data shows that the current state of affairs is not unalterable. Observable differentiations in the local perception of corruption and illegal logging show that a latent majority of people disapproves and that they can be mobilized for sanction activities. The policy-oriented recommendations of this article offer ways to systematically reduce corruption and illegal logging: strengthening civil society (i.e., national NGOs) and promoting media coverage of these issues; introducing local sanctions in the framework of donor-assisted community forestry; adding anti-corruption conditions to foreign-sponsored forestry projects and forest policy reforms; enforcing decentralization in order to decrease the monopoly over forest resources currently enjoyed by state personnel; creating alternative income streams for local actors currently involved in illegal logging; and introducing land tenure reforms in order to increase local incentives for sustainable forest management.


This study presents the development of a chat room and a chatbot designed to facilitate discussions on prevalent farming issues among peers and experts. Its primary aim is to provide timely support to farmers in making informed decisions about their farming practices. To create a structured framework for these conversations, a standardized set of questions was formulated through consultations and surveys involving farmers, experts, and other stakeholders. The questions were analyzed to extract 'intents,' representing the specific information or assistance users might seek, and 'examples,' which are concrete instances users provide to express their particular intent. Additionally, 'entities' were identified to represent distinct objects or concepts related to these intents. The model was trained using the Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) to predict the intent based on the provided examples. This training process enhances the chatbot's ability to understand and respond to user queries effectively. Furthermore, the chatbot was deployed on a cloud platform, reducing the computational resources required on the client end. This approach ensures accessibility and usability for a broader user base without significant hardware constraints.


Following up our previous work [9], we distinguish the monotonic properties and the non-monotonic ones in our inference system based on the framework of compositional logic, and give the way to include some non-monotonic properties. As an example, we present a correctness proof of Challenge Response protocol, and explain how such properties can be used in more powerful derivations. We also give a semantics based on the notion of trace, and present a soundness proof of our inference system including non-monotonic properties.


Sciaenids, popularly known is jew
fish, croakers or drums are one of the
commercially important groups of
marine fishes of India. They rank very
high in abundance forming on an
average, 7,04 % of the tora-f{.p1arine fish
catch of the country (1974-76).


Thank you for downloading beyond conformity or rebellion youth and authority in america. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite books like this beyond conformity or rebellion youth and authority in america, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


The paper analyses the dynamic interaction between the public sector expenditure and national income in India for the period 1960-61 to 1996-97. It finds a stable long-run relationship between public sector expenditure and national income in India, with the causality running strictly from the former to the latter. The study also indicates that long-run positive impact of public sector expenditure on national income would turn adverse if the growth of the former is excessive. In the short-run, however, there is a trade-off between growth in public sector expenditure and income. Thus, though national income growth in India seems to be investment or demand led, there is the need for maintaining a proper balance between public sector expenditure and investment for economic growth.


Abstract. In this paper, the θ scheme of operator splitting methods is applied to the Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear slip boundary conditions whose variational formulation is the variational inequality of the second kind with the Navier-Stokes operator. Firstly, we introduce the multiplier such that the variational inequality is equivalent to the variational identity. Subsequently, we give the θ scheme to compute the variational identity and consider the finite element approximation of the θ scheme. The stability and convergence of the θ scheme are showed. Finally, we give the numerical results.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the rhythm of texts of different genres: fiction novels, advertisements, scientific articles, reviews, tweets, and political articles. The authors identified lexico-grammatical figures in the texts: anaphora, epiphora, diacope, aposiopesis, etc., that are markers of the text rhythm. On their basis, statistical features were calculated that describe quantitatively and structurally these rhythm features.The resulting text model was visualized for statistical analysis using boxplots and heat maps that showed differences in the rhythm of texts of different genres. The boxplots showed that almost all genres differ from each other in terms of the overall density of rhythm features. Heatmaps showed different rhythm patterns across genres. Further, the rhythm features were successfully used to classify texts into six genres. The classification was carried out in two ways: a binary classification for each genre in order to separate a particular genre from the rest genres, and a multi-class classification of the text corpus into six genres at once. Two text corpora in English and Russian were used for the experiments. Each corpus contains 100 fiction novels, scientific articles, advertisements and tweets, 50 reviews and political articles, i.e. a total of 500 texts. The high quality of the classification with neural networks showed that rhythm features are a good marker for most genres, especially fiction. The experiments were carried out using the ProseRhythmDetector software tool for Russian and English languages. Text corpora contains 300 texts for each language.


Molecular heterogeneity in the chalcone synthase [naringenin-chalcone synthase] (Chs) intron was used to characterize Petunia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia var. dapauperata, P. altiplana, P. littoralis, P. hybrida and Petunia sp. A comparison of the Rsa1 restriction digest profile of several accessions of each species was carried out and the DNA sequence of the Chs intron was compared. The restriction profiles of P. integrifolia subsp. integrifolia var. depauperata, P. littoralis and P. altiplana were different, whereas the profile of Petunia sp. was identical to P. integrifolia. The sequence of the 288 nucleotides of P. littoralis was different from the other taxa. The first 31 nucleotides were the same as P. integrifolia although the remaining sequence had less than 5% similarity. The sequence of the first 88 nucleotides of the intron were identical in Petunia sp. and this sequence had four duplications of 11, 21 and 29 nucleotides in length. The sequence in P. altiplana differed by 9 nucleotides. Two of the changes were deletions, 4 were transitions and 4 were inversions. Six of the 9 nucleotide changes occurred in 2 of the 3 duplicated regions. None of the changes found in a duplicated region were present in the corresponding duplicated sequence.


: In bioscience papers, besides the other scientific misconduct issues, replication of the method section is a common problem because duplication is always being detected in the section Materials and Methods. We editors often receive comments and queries from authors who think that it is a matter of course to copy


LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
中國醫療史的研究在過去百年得到長足的發展,然而,"蠱"作爲一個與疾病有關的名詞,雖然在古代醫學或非醫學的文獻中屢見不鮮,但前人多把視野聚焦在畜蠱害人之上,忽略了"蠱"在醫學疾病中的意義。本文以甲骨文、清華簡及其他先秦文獻入手,探索"蠱"在先秦時期的含意,並討論古人防"蠱"與治"蠱"之法,亦會窺探上古醫療疾病觀。
Scholarship on Chinese medical history has made considerable progress since last century. However, despite its frequent occurrences in ancient medical and non-medical documents, the word gu, a term associated with diseases, has only been studied in light of the practice of "collecting gu to harm others" in previous scholarship, no attention has been paid to its meaning in the medical study of diseases. Making use of inscriptions on oracle bones, bamboo slips preserved at Tsinghua University, and other pre-Qin documents, this essay aims to (1) explore the meaning of gu in pre-Qin contexts, (2) discuss how ancient people prevented and treated gu, and (3) observe the concepts of illnesses and medical treatments in ancient times.


As a cultural source of Chinese nationality,ancient Chinese mythology embodying initial core of national spirits and demonstrating unique enchantment and creative intelligence.Exploring national spirits incarnated in Chinese ancient mythology as self-reliance,morality orientation,awareness of potential danger,optimistic consciousness and its modern reviva proved magnificent implication for constructing contemporary culture.


A finite element model for the rear frame of KAT1804 wheeled tractor is established,based on bending and deformation value in different working conditions.At first,the CAD model of the rear frame is set up by three dimensions plot software PROE.Then the model is meshed and the static strength analysis is made by engineering analysis software.Finally,the deformation values and strengthen loads of the rear frame in different conditions are obtained and checking the strength of the rear frame is satisfied with requirement.


The interaction between spherical magnetic nanoparticles is investigated from micromagnetic simulations and ananlysed in terms of the leading dipolar interaction energy between magnetic dipoles. We focus mainly on the case where the particles present a vortex structure. In a first step the local magnetic structure in the isolated particle is revisited. For particles bearing a uniaxial magnetocrystaline anisotropy, it is shown that the vortex core orientation relative to the easy axis depends on both the particle size and the anisotropy constant. When the particles magnetization present a vortex structure, it is shown that the polarization of the particles by the dipolar field of the other one must be taken into account in the interaction. An analytic form is deduced for the interaction which involves the vortex core magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility which are obtained from the magnetic properties of the isolated particle.


Alcidedorbignya inopinata Muizon and Marshall is a primitive pantodont from the Early Paleocene of Tiupampa, Department of Cochabamba, in the "Cordillera Oriental" of south-central Bolivia. It is known by almost complete upper and lower dentitions, which are described in detail. The occurrence of abundant juvenile specimens allows a study of tooth replacement. The molars of Alcidedorbignya inopinata are primitive for a pantodont but they show the characteristic synapomorphy of the group, which is the presence of a V-shaped ectoloph of P3-4. However, the paracone and the metacone of A. inopinata are separated at their bases, a feature absent in the Bemalambdidae and Harpyodus, which have connate to semi-connate paracone and metacone. Because of this character, A. inopinata, although the oldest, is not the most primitive pantodont. However, A. inopinata, as in bemalambdids and Harpyodus, does not have a mesostyle on M1-2/ or a strongly V-shaped centrocrista, which are found in all other pantodonts. For this reason, Alcidedorbignya inopinata is removed from the Pantolambdidae (which are too specialized) and referred to the new monotypic family Alcidedorbignyidae. The family Wangliidae Van Valen, 1988, is not accepted here and the genus Wanglia is regarded as a junior synonym of Harpyodus; the latter includes the two species H. euros and H. decorus. Analysis of pantodont origins leads to the conclusion that didelphodontines constitute the best potential sister-group; however, no synapomorphy could be found to substantiate this hypothesis. Alcidedorbignya inopinata is the first pantodont known from a southern continent and, being the oldest, it raises a discussion on the paleobiogeographic history of the group.


A switchable bandpass filter is presented in this paper, which is able to operate at two different frequencies. The "open-ring" resonators and cantilever microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) switches are employed to form the switchable filter with a high rejection at out-of passband and a controlled dc bias of 26 V. A hybrid resonance circuit with both series circuit and parallel circuit are used as the equivalent circuit, which is used to accurately analyze the structure parameters. The MEMS switch capacitance, used for equivalent circuit and driving voltage estimation, is analyzed to achieve an exact predicted value by equivalent microstrip line model. The isolation of designed MEMS switch is greater than 40 dB with awideband from4 to 9GHz, the filter is switched on and off to achieve the center frequency at ~7.81 and ~8.35 GHz separately. The filter is fabricatedon high-resistance silicon, and the measured results showed a good agreement with the simulated results. The filter performance shows a sharp rejection greater than 40dB at the frequency of ( ${\textsf {f}}_{ { {{\textsf {0}}}}} \pm 0.5$  GHz), and the insertion loss is >−3.4 dB in the passband.


Short-term load forecasting (STLF) is a basic work in power network planning. The accuracy of its prediction has an important impact on the actual power generation and distribution. Power sector develop efficient and economical power generation plans also based on it. A load forecasting method is proposed in this paper, using grey relational analysis to correlate factors and fuzzy clustering to select load similar day. This preprocessing method meets the requirement of different types of electricity load forecasting. Then analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to model the BP neural network, particle swarm optimization support vector machine and time series intelligent algorithm, forming a combined prediction model. In experiments, the comparison between the error of the combined prediction result and the single prediction models verifies the improvement effect of the fusion model based on similar day and algorithm using analytic hierarchy process.


This paper examines convergence rates of the method of successive elastic solutions, proposed by Mendelson, in determining the thermoplastic response of an arbitrarily layered concentric cylinder under axisymmetric thermal loading. The multiple concentric cylinder model is a recent generalization of the concentric cylinder concept to inelastic problems in composite mechanics. In this paper, the inelastic constituents of the concentric cylinder are assumed to exhibit Prandtl-Reuss behavior. The emphasis herein is placed on studying the rate at which plastic strain increments converge to a steady value as a function of the number of iterations in the presence of axisymmetric thermal loading. The presented results demonstrate the robustness of the method of successive elastic solutions employed within the framework of the multiple concentric cylinder model.


Recently, Ukrainian society has been undergoing essential reforms, which were dynamically changing during democratization and humanization, and did not leave the penitentiary institutions aside. The optimization of the penitentiary system itself started in 2017, which allowed obtaining legal and organizational tools for closing unnecessary penitentiary institutions. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyse the aspects of optimization of the penitentiary system of Ukraine, which currently is one of the equally important social institutions that solves large-scale legal, economic, social, and psychological-pedagogical tasks. Presently, crime stays one of the issues in Ukraine. The study used the general dialectical research method and the formal logical method. The theoretical framework of this paper included the studies of scientists, which contributed to the comprehensive investigation of crime and the development of the mechanism for the proper functioning of the criminal executive system considering its modernization. The study examines the current state of national legislation on the activities of penitentiary institutions in Ukraine, their development concepts and the need to improve innovative technologies borrowed from foreign practices (USA, Great Britain, France) in the activities of penitentiary workers. Ways and proposals for their improvement were formulated. To date, Ukraine has still not fully resolved the problems regarding the mechanism for the protection of human rights in matters of optimization of the system of bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments


[Objective] The research aimed to optimize the influencing factors of the ultrasonic-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Chrysanthemum morifolium and increase the extraction rate of flavonoids.[Method] The effects of four factors(the ratio of Chrysanthemum morifolium to liquid of ethanol,time of ultrasonic disposing,extracting time and extracting temperature) on the extraction rate of flavonoids were studied by single-factor experiment and multi-factor orthogonal test.[Result] The best extracting conditions of flavonoids by ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction method were as follows: material-liquid ratio of 1∶30 g/ml,ultrasonic disposing time of 50 min,extracting at 80 ℃ for 80 min.Under these conditions the extraction rate of flavonoids was up to 11.32%.[Conclusion] Optimization of the extraction conditions increase the extraction rate of flavonoids,which laid a foundation for the development and utilization of Chrysanthemum morifolium.


London in the 16th and 17th centuries was a place of phenomenal change and growth. This paper argues that immigration from Europe played a pivotal role in this economic change, as the arrival of merchants and artisans prompted rapid technological development in many trades and crafts, particularly silk weaving and beer brewing. The process of technological transfer in these crafts spanned over a long period of time and did not take place in a linear step. It was reliant on migrants to develop, share and in some cases, adapt their skills, to exploit the burgeoning economic opportunities afforded by the enormous consumer demand in London.


Brain ischemia is a major cause of death and the most common element of disability in the adult population worldwide. This phenomenon occurs when blood flow is reduced or interrupted in the various brain districts leading to oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD), which by triggering a complex series of biochemical plus molecular mechanisms such as an exacerbated production of misfolded and oxidized proteins together with the breakdown of cellular integrity are responsible for neuronal cell death. Despite the mechanisms that underlie the triggering of ischemic insults are still unclear, numerous studies are pointing to excitotoxic glutamatergic neuronal signaling processes as key mediators of these events. Indeed, cultured neurons deriving from global cerebral ischemia appear to respond to OGD with a rapid internalization of α ‑ amino ‑ 3 ‑ hydroxy ‑ 5 ‑ methyl ‑ 4 ‑ isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR) thereby suggesting them as critical components of OGD-induced cell death. It strongly seems that OGD-dependent neuronal ischemia occurs via GluR2-sites in which a switching from GluR2-containing Ca 2+ -impermeable receptors to GluR2-lacking Ca 2+ -permeable subtypes constitutes an important step. Interestingly attention regarding excitotoxicity-related ischemic events, aside being largely directed to the o veractivation of AMPARs, appear to be also tightly linked to the translocation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to the mitochondria accounting for the activation of the caspase factors. Although the brain is able to repair part of the neuronal damages and to restore the morpho-functional organization, cerebral ischemia more than ever continues to attract much attention especially due to its elevated mortality feature. In this review we analyzed the role played by GluR2 AMPAR subunit in the pathological processes that lead to neurodegenerative diseases with particular attention being paid to the assembly of the major synaptic AMPARs together with cellular events that feasibly account for ischemic brain damages. In this context, knowledge of the different molecular mechanisms operating under these conditions may surely provide helpful indications regarding the identification of new therapeutic targets for treating cerebral ischemia.


Tomato is one of the plants that contain lycopene as an antibacterial. Acne is an infectious disease caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antibiotic treatment starts to become resistant so that plants can be used as alternative treatments. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L) against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria in vitro. This type of research is experimental. Extraction was carried out by maceration method with 96% ethanol as solvent. Lycopene extract with concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Testing with the paper disk method with five repetitions. Aquadest as a negative control, and tetracycline as a positive control. The results showed that the diameter of the inhibition zone formed in the positive control was 40.36 mm (potent inhibition). Inhibition zones at concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% had solid inhibitory power. The results of statistical tests showed that the ethanolic extract of tomato (Solanum lycopersycom L) had antibacterial effectiveness against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria that causes acne in vitro. The post hoc test shows a significant effect between a T1 concentration of 100% with negative control and positive control


This study performed for developing Korean Exposition industry by finding out Exhibitor's satisfaction factors and effects in Exposition industry. This study used a positive study by structural equation modeling. The result is the following : The customer satisfaction and detailed quality factor's result are very similar. This result prove that our structural model of Exhibitor's satisfaction factors and effects in Exposition industry can settle the defect of common study by focusing on measuring customer satisfaction with service quality. Following the result of study about the effects of Exhibitor's satisfaction factors, the attendance and lead performance is proved the most important factor on Exhibitor's satisfaction. This means that the positive evaluation and result for Exhibitor's benefit directly effects on Exhibitor's satisfaction very much. So, the Exhibition manager have to satisfy their Exhibitors by improving the spot and expected sales performance through growing the number and quality of Exhibition attendance. In advanced, the Exhibition manager in Korea have to develop Korean Exhibition industry by growing Korean international Exhibition's scale and quality.


Of all the distance and temporal measures in cosmology, the angular-diameter distance, dA(z), uniquely reaches a maximum value at some finite redshift and then decreases to zero towards the Big Bang. This effect has been difficult to observe due to a lack of reliable, standard rulers, though refinements to the identification of the compact structure in radio quasars may have overcome this deficiency. In this letter, we assemble a catalog of 140 such sources with for model selection and the measurement of . In flat ΛCDM, we find that , fully consistent with the Planck optimized value, with . Both of these values are associated with a dA(z) indistinguishable from that predicted by the zero active mass condition, , in terms of the total pressure p and total energy density ρ of the cosmic fluid. An expansion driven by this constraint, known as the universe, has , which differs from the ΛCDM optimized value by less than . Indeed, the Bayes Information Criterion favours over flat ΛCDM with a likelihood of vs. , suggesting that the optimized parameters in Planck ΛCDM mimic the constraint .


PEMF (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field) stimulation has been used for therapeutic purposes for over 50 years including in the treatment of memory loss, depression, alleviation of pain, bone and wound healing, and treatment of certain cancers. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms mediating these effects have remained poorly understood. In particular, because magnetic field pulses will induce electric currents in the stimulated tissue, it is unclear whether the observed effects are due to the magnetic or electric component of the stimulation. Recently, it has been shown that PEMFs stimulate the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in human cell cultures by a mechanism that requires cryptochrome, a putative magnetosensor. Here we show by qPCR analysis of ROS-regulated gene expression that simply removing cell cultures from the Earth's geomagnetic field by placing them in a Low-Level Field condition induces similar effects on ROS signaling as does exposure of cells to PEMF. This effect can be explained by the so-called Radical Pair mechanism, which provides a quantum physical means by which the rates and product yields (e.g. ROS) of biochemical redox reactions may be modulated by magnetic fields. Since transient cancelling of the Earth's magnetic field can in principle be achieved by PEMF exposure, we propose that the therapeutic effects of PEMFs may be explained by the ensuing modulation of ROS synthesis. Our results could lead to significant improvements in the design and therapeutic applications of PEMF devices.


With the further reforms in normal universities in China, newly built teachers colleges have been developed rapidly in size, quality and efficiency. But there is still a problem how to build them further. There are two principles that are scientific concept in local educational development and concept of all-round quality education, which are combined as a whole one to present colleges' function as educational bases, to be the guidance to form the new schooling pattern with multi-layers of schooling, service for fundamental education and construction for local economy, in order to achieve the strategic transformation of educational goals, to achieve the transformation from qualification to ability, and to achieve the cultivation of learning capacity, work capacity and adaptive faculty.


This paper gives a basic view of data access and intergration services within the frameswork specified by open grid services architectrue(OGSA).It provides an extension to the OGSA architecture to support data access and integration services(OGSA-DAI.)The OGSA-DAI is to define OGSA portType for generic data access and integration services,in order to present uniform access to a wide range of data sources.


Background/aims: Telemedicine offers potential to improve the accessibility and quality of diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The aim of this study was to measure accuracy of remote image based ROP diagnosis by three readers using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Methods: 64 hospitalised infants who met ROP examination criteria underwent two consecutive bedside procedures: dilated examination by an experienced paediatric ophthalmologist and digital retinal imaging with a commercially available wide angle camera. 410 images from 163 eyes were reviewed independently by three trained ophthalmologist readers, who classified each eye into one of four categories: no ROP, mild ROP, type 2 prethreshold ROP, or ROP requiring treatment. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of mild or worse ROP, type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP, and ROP requiring treatment were determined, compared to a reference standard of dilated ophthalmoscopy. ROC curves were generated by calculating values for each reader at three diagnostic cut-off levels: mild or worse ROP (that is, reader was asked whether image sets represented mild or worse ROP), type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP (that is, reader was asked whether image sets represented type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP), and ROP requiring treatment. Results: Areas under ROC curves ranged from 0.747–0.896 for detection of mild or worse ROP, 0.905–0.946 for detection of type 2 prethreshold or worse ROP, and 0.941–0.968 for detection of ROP requiring treatment. Conclusions: Remote interpretation is highly accurate among multiple readers for the detection of ROP requiring treatment, but less so for detection of mild or worse ROP.


In this paper, the optical character recognition is used to recognize the scanned English documents by using neural network and MDA. The human mind easily read any interrupted scanned documents but it is difficult to machine. So the optical character recognition are solved this problem. The output images are not editable by capturing camera or scanned document but with the help of optical character recognition this problem easily solved. The OCR process consists of three major sub processes like pre processing, segmentation and recognition. The neural networks are playing very important role for character recognition its helps to provide high accuracy for the character.


The effects of photoionization and charge exchange were compared by using three-dimensional hybrid code simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and Venus. The direction of the shock altitude asymmetry in the direction of the convection electric field when photoionization was included was contrary to observations near Venus. However, when charge exchange was included, the direction of the asymmetry did agree with the observations. An analysis of the simulation results showed that the velocities of pickup ions and electrons differed near locations where charge exchange occurred. This velocity difference caused an electric current, and it generated a strong magnetic barrier on the side of the planet to which the convection electric field was pointing. This magnetic barrier acted as an obstacle to the solar wind, and the shock was inflated on this side.


3 Coordinadora para o Estudio dos Mamiferos Marinos (CEMMA), Apdo. 15, 36380 Gondomar, Pontevedra, Spain ABSTRACT: We investigated whether toothed whales consume prey in relation to their availability in the local environment based on the fact that availability of potential prey is likely to decrease expo- nentially with increasing size, reflecting the usual size-abundance relationships found in marine communities. We calculated relative prey size frequency spectra for 13 species of toothed whale from the northeast Atlantic. These differed considerably from an exponential distribution, suggesting that toothed whales preferentially consume larger, less abundant organisms over smaller, more abundant ones. The prey size spectra of the various cetacean species could be separated into 3 distinct groups based on the strength of the mode, maximum value and inter-quartile range. Group 1 species, such as the common dolphin, consume a wide range of relatively large organisms. In contrast, Group 2 and 3 species, such as the northern bottlenose whale and the sperm whale respectively, specialise on nar- row ranges of relatively small organisms. We hypothesise that these differences are related to the mode of prey capture. Group 1 species can capture prey using pincer-like movement of jaws contain- ing a large number of small, homodont teeth, as well as suction-feeding, allowing them to be rela- tively generalist in terms of relative prey size. In contrast, Group 2 and 3 species have a greatly reduced dentition and specialise on using suction to capture prey. The morphological adaptations that make suction-feeding more efficient restrict the size of prey that can be ingested, so that suction- feeders are limited to relatively small prey.


The specification of an embedded system at system level together with co-joint hardware/software synthesis is a goal of many rapid prototyping projects. SDL has been proposed as a formal and abstract specification language well suited for this purpose. The implementation, of SDL's asynchronous communication model in application specific hardware, however, is unproportionally expensive in terms of area and response time. This paper discusses the efficiency of the server model-the implementation model used in all known codesign approaches based on SDL-and compares it with an alternative implementation model for SDL known from software, the activity thread model. In a combination of both implementation strategies, the communication and synchronization overhead for each application can be minimized, and an efficient implementation on distributed architectures realized. The integration in an existing rapid prototyping design process is presented as well as results gained from application examples.


Although it has been known for more than 30 years that dornmancy in Neurospora ascospores can be broken by heat treatment (30), the mechanism is not yet understood. Goddard (10) concluded from his studies that the metabolic block overcome by the heat treatment was concerned with the enzyme carboxylase. Studies of Sussman et al (36) demonstrated that both the apoenzyme and coenzyme were present in dormant and heat-activated ascospores in nearly equivalent amounts. They concluded that activation induices the formation of an oxidative system, possibly operating through the TCA cycle, that is different from that in the dormant ascospores. Recent work from this laboratory (20, 38) on the nature of the endogenous substrates in dormant and activated ascospores supports this idea of a qualitative change in metabolism after activation. Because pyruvate appeared to be a key intermediate in the suggested development of an oxidative system, it was thought that pyruvic oxidase might be present in the activated ascospores but not in the dormant ascospores. Since anions of the size of pyruvate do not penetrate dormant spores (37), it is necessary to study pyruvate oxidation in cell-free extracts. The studies reported here were originally undertaken in an attempt to demonstrate the presence of this enzyme system in cell-free extracts of the ascospores and in other stages of the life cycle including conidia and mycelia of Neurospora tetraspern.a. A preliminary report of this work has been published (16).


Steam is a widely used energy source. In many situations steam is generated at high pressures and then reduced in pressure through control valves before reaching point of use. An opportunity was identified to convert some of the energy at the point of pressure reduction into electricity. To take advantage of a market identified for small scale systems, a microturbine generator was designed based on a small high speed turbo machine. This machine was packaged with the necessary control valves and systems to allow connection of the machine to the grid. Traditional machines vary the speed of the generator to match the grid frequency. This was not possible due to the high speed of this machine. The characteristics of the rotating unit had to be understood to allow a control that allowed export of energy at the right frequency to the grid under the widest possible range of steam conditions. A further goal of the control system was to maximise the efficiency of generation under all conditions. A further complication was to provide adequate protection for the rotating unit in the event of the loss of connection to the grid. The system to meet these challenges is outlined with the solutions employed and tested for this application.


The goal of the International Conference PLEA 2013 is to promote the discussion on holistic, quality-based approaches to future challenges in architecture and planning. Within the conference we want to concentrate on the quality of buildings and neighbourhoods, and the quality of life of their inhabitants, as well as the liveability of our cities.
 The International Conference PLEA 2013 invited scientists, planners, architects, engineers, stakeholders, entrepreneuers and students from around the world to present and discuss innovative approaches and future developments for new buildings as well as for the existing building stock.


In recent years, China's vocational education has ushered in a "golden period". The high attention from State to vocational education signal a new stage in China's vocational education reform and development. The National Vocational Education Reform Implementation Plan blew the horn of all-round reform of vocational education. The cross-border, integration and reconstruction of vocational education is imperative. In the business 4.0 era, there have new demand of outstanding talents of new business in Higher Vocational Education. This thesis mainly builds a new business speciality group based on the "two wings in one body" of the industrial chain; develops the talent standards, curriculum system and talent training program of the new business in Higher Vocational Colleges; explores the talent training mode of new business in Higher Vocational Education under the background of integration of production and education; "Government-industryschool-enterprise-research collaboration under the assistance of vocational and education group" promoted the new business "1+x" certificate system, study the outstanding talents training mode of new business in Higher Vocational Education in 4 different aspects, and provide replicated and popularized research practical results for other higher vocational colleges.


Infection with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a major role in the etiology of cervical cancer (CC). However, most infected women do not develop cancer. Therefore, exposure to other carcinogenic agents may be a contributing risk factor for CC. We investigated the hypothesis that environmental exposure to cigarette smoke and inheritance of polymorphic chemical metabolizing genes (CYP2E1, GSTM1, and mEH) significantly increase the risk for neoplasia. We selected 76 cases with high‐grade cervical neoplasia or with invasive CC and 75 matched healthy controls. The collected data support the well‐established observation that infection with high‐risk HPV is the major risk factor for CC (OR = 75; 95% CI = 26–220). In addition, our data show that women who smoked more than 15 "pack‐year" had a significant 6.9‐fold increase in risk (95% CI = 1.2–40.3) after adjustment for HPV infection. The CYP2E1 variant genotype did not significantly increase the risk for neoplasia. A significant increase in risk for neoplasia was observed for the low‐activity mEH 113 His allele after adjustment for smoking (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.4–6.3). The GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a significant 3.3‐fold increased risk for neoplasia (95% CI = 1.0–11.8) compared to women who were GSTM1‐positive after adjustment for smoking and HPV infection. Our study suggests that genetic differences in the metabolism of cigarette smoke, particularly GSTM1, may confer susceptibility to CC. Further studies using larger populations will be needed to confirm our observations and to validate data for disease prevention. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 41:69–76, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The images for Supporting Information files S3 Fig, S4 Fig, and S5 Fig are incorrectly switched. S3 Fig is incorrect. The image that appears as S3 Fig should be S4 Fig. The image that appears as S4 Fig should be S5 Fig. The figure legends appear in the correct order. Please view the correct S3, S4, and S5 Figs as well as their legends here. Additionally, there are errors in the legend for S3 Fig, "Niclosamide has no effect on actin or microtubules."DU145 cells were treated with DMSO or 1 μM niclosamide for 2.5 hours rather than 4 hours. The complete, correct S3 Fig legend is shown below.


Climate change is a key issue in sustainable tourism, both in terms of the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the tourism sector and the potential impacts of climate change on tourism-dependent regions. Low-carbon tourism is an emerging paradigm based around emissions reduction by tourism businesses, as well as broader values of adaptation, transition and behavioral change. This article presents the results of a low-carbon tourism case study in the Blue Mountains of New South Wales, Australia, where the Low-Carbon Living Program has successfully designed and implemented a low-carbon rating and certification scheme. This scheme covers emissions related to energy, waste and water and is based on regionally-specific data. The program has also succeeded in its aim of using the tourism industry as a catalyst for broader community action, having been expanded to schools and retailers in the case study region. A transferable regional model has been developed that is being adapted for use in new regions under a modular and decentralised program structure. However, questions remain around the impact of the program on participants' carbon footprints and customer levels over time, as well as the suitability of a common scorecard system to diverse participant types.


Permitted and accidental releases of contaminants from coal combustion residual (CCR) storage facilities pose environmental and ecological risks for associated freshwater ecosystems around the world. Previous studies have applied isotope ratios in CCRs as environmental tracers to delineate and quantify the impact of CCRs and other fossil fuel wastes. In this proof-of-concept study, we present data from CCR-receiving as well as non-impacted lakes in North Carolina to assess the applicability of otolith-based strontium isotope ratios as biogenic tracers of CCRs in ecosystems receiving coal-fired power plant effluents. We show that while discrepancies between bulk otolith and surface water ratios likely reflected temporal variations in CCR inputs and/or upstream water sources over fish lifetimes, 87Sr/86Sr ratios in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) otoliths consistently reflected those in lake sediment pore waters. Because biogenic 87Sr/86Sr ratios are both geochemically and metabolically stable, they...


Iowa State University (ISU) Dietetic Internship (DI) has expanded from 30 to 120 interns – the largest in the US. This was achieved through integration of electronic educational methods and pedagogy combined with a nationwide preceptor network. Cutting edge educational technology including Blackboard Learn, iTunesU, Survey Gizmo, and GoToMeeting are used. Interns are evaluated by preceptors and ISU faculty using online surveys, assignments and projects, exams, simulations and case studies, blogs and discussion postings, guided reflections, and self and peer evaluation. In 2012 ISU adopted the Independent Supervised Practice Pathway (ISPP) option and created 2 international experiences in Ghana (focused on maternal, infant, child nutrition and feeding practices) and Japan (focused on regional school lunch system or Shokuiku). The ISU DI provides a model for expanding opportunities for training Registered Dietitians (RDs) via educational technology. Our outstanding record of accreditation, registration exam pass rate (87% n=298) and employment (94% n= 102) verifies that distance education with appropriate educational technologies and supervision is a format to meet the increasing demand for RDs.


Objective To explore the sensitivity response to bacterial endotoxin of WHBE rabbits. Methods The fever was studied after the WHBE rabbits and Japanese white rabbits were intravenously injected bacterial endotoxin in different doses( 1. 25,2. 5,5,10 EU / kg),and on the normal rabbits as the control group. Heating curves were drew,and analyzed the fever peak,the temperature difference at 180min,temperature response index and heating rate. Through curve fitting the fever threshold doses were calculated. Results The results of the study showed that the increase of bacterial endotoxin dosage had a promotive effect on the febrile response of the rabbits. It had no significant influence on gender factor for the febrile response of the WHBE rabbits and Japanese white rabbits induced by bacterial endotoxin. 5EU / kg and 10 EU / kg dosages of bacterial endotoxin-induced pyrogenic reactions on WHBE rabbits were higher than those of Japanese white rabbits,and the heating rates of WHBE rabbits were 60. 7% and 92. 9%,while the heating rates of Japanese white rabbits were 39. 3% and 82. 1%. Furthermore,the pyrogenic threshold doses of endotoxin in WHBE rabbits and Japanese white rabbits were 5. 72 EU / kg and 7. 93 EU / kg after intravenous injection. Conclusion WHBE rabbits had better sensitivity on pyrogenic reactions induced by bacterial endotoxin and are suitable to pyrogen test.


#1,2 Department of Computer Science, Dr N.G.P Arts and Science, College Coimbatore-641048, Tamil Nadu, India -------------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract— In this project a new approach for controlling Traffic System is designed. The proposed system uses a concept of Internet of Things. An intelligent traffic controller is designed with components like arduino uno, IR sensors. Arduino is the main component which is used to control all, it acts like a controller. Density of the traffic will be decided with the help of IR sensors. And in order to give Green path (Zero traffic) for emergency vehicles RFID technology is used. Along with this RFID is used to trail stolen automobiles too. The paper proposes control of system in 2 modes i.e. 'automatic' without any human introversion and 'manual' with human introversion. The model was tested and the outcome of model is as expected.


Expectations and the way they are communicated can influence employees' motivation and performance. Previous research has demonstrated individual effects of workplace climate and individual differences on faculty productivity. The present study focused on the characteristics of institutional performance standards, evaluation processes and performance‐responsive measures of academic departments in research universities, as articulated in institutional and departmental annual evaluation and promotion‐tenure specifications. The faculty performance evaluation standards and review processes of 62 academic departments in 23 research universities in 13 US states were examined for clarity, consistency and performance‐relevant elements. These characteristics were analysed through the lens of theories demonstrated as influential by previous workplace research. The similarities and differences of faculty performance standards, and the explicit and implicit messages they communicate, are discussed.


ix Chapter 1: Introduction and Background 1 1.1 Some Further Background for the Non-Gamer 5 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Theoretical Framework 10 Chapter 3: Economic Theory and Review Prohibition Periods 15 Chapter 4: Data and Methodology 18 4.1 Sources 18 4.2 Variables 21 4.3 Philosophy 30 4.4 Initial Criteria 32 4.5 Creating the Sample Data Set 37 4.6 Analyzing the Data 42 4.7 Potential Issues 44


The clinical study was undertaken to assess the isoflurane sparing effect of diazepam and midazolam during isoflurane anaesthesia in goats. The study was conducted in 12 clinical cases of goats randomly divided into two equal groups. In all the animals, xylazine hydrochloride was administered at the dose rate of 0.05 mg per kg body weight intramuscularly. In group I and II, diazepam and midazolam were administered at the dose rate of 0.5 mg per kg body weight i.v. respectively, prior to induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine hydrochloride at the dose rate of 5 mg per kg body weight i.v. and was maintained with isoflurane employing rebreathing circuit. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration required to maintain surgical plane of anaesthesia was significantly lower in group II (0.82 ± 0.03 per cent) indicating that inclusion of midazolam in the anaesthetic protocol had significant (28 per cent) isoflurane sparing effect.


In this paper,the history and current situation of the geoengineering major is introduced.For purposes of adapting the development and talent necessity under the socialist market economic,the authors suggest strengthening the train mode of the inter-disciplinary talent of the geoengineering major,it means that the students not only have the knowledge of geologic investigation,but also know how to make the engineering design.To realizing the training mode of geoengineering major,we should attach great importance to the curriculum,practice teaching and teaching program and improve the quality of the teachers,practice base and laboratory establishment.


Optimis is a sales force automation information technology to carry out the sales process used by employees at PT XYZ. But in reality there are still problems and obstacles in the application of these technologies. This is due to the lack of utilization of the Optimis system so that it influences the quality of the data and reports on the sales process contained in the Optimis sales force automation system. To find out the extent of the success of the system implementation of the Optimis sales force automation, an analysis of the implementation of the system was carried out Optimis sales force automation with the framework of Delon and Mclean and using the PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square) analysis method. The results of hypothesis testing that have been carried out that the variables used are information quality and service quality have a positive effect on system usage, information quality and service quality have a positive effect on user satisfaction and information quality, system usage and user satisfaction have a positive effect on net benefits. And from the statistical tests performed, the level of influence is higher in student acceptance of the system Optimis sales force automation is the quality of service to the use of the system Optimis sales force automation with a value of 3,643. While the level of influence that is lower in acceptance is the quality of the system towards user satisfaction with a value of 0.151. Keyword: SFA, Delon and Mclean, SEM, PLS-SEM, Information System Success Model


Power Grid accidents caused by sudden natural meteorological disasters have the characteristics of suddenness, complexity and uncertainty. In order to improve the efficiency of power grid emergency repairs, a method for predicting emergency material resources under the conditions of power grid meteorological disasters combining case-based reasoning, deep belief network and deep learning is proposed. This method is based on meteorological data, power grid maintenance data and geographic environment data. At the same time, the method uses case-based reasoning to determine the appropriate input and output structure of the prediction model, and uses different methods to process and quantify according to the characteristics of disagreeing input factors. Use deep belief networks to complete case adaptation, and integrate accident scale information to establish a dynamic power grid emergency material resources prediction model. The analysis result shows that the emergency material resources prediction method proposed in this paper can analyze various characteristic factors comprehensively, and combine the scale of the accident to establish the relationship between the emergency material resources demand of the power grid, and accurately predict the material demand for the emergency response of the power grid under the weather disaster, and provide a scientific reference for emergency response of power grid.


Stiphodon percnopterygionus (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) is an amphidromous goby distributed mainly in the northwest Pacific Ocean, from Taiwan to the south of Japan. This study evaluated the population genetic structure of S. percnopterygionus using partial cytochrome oxydase I (COI). A total of 496 base pairs were sequenced for 88 individuals from six localities. Twenty-eight haplotypes were recovered. Diversity indices were h = 0.709 ± 0.003 and
π = 0.05 ± 0.035 and are what is currently found for Sicydiinae gobies. All results lead to the conclusion that S. percnopterygionus population is expanding. Indeed, the haplotype network displayed a star-like pattern and the mismatch distribution analysis results indicate a recent demographic expansion. AMOVA results and the haplotype network indicate the absence of population structure within the distribution area sampled. The lack of population structure is probably due to the amphidromous life cycle. S. percnopterygionus larvae have a long marine
dispersal phase (99 ± 16 days), allowing them to disperse far from their emission location, especially in the northwest Pacific Ocean, as larvae are probably transported by the Kuroshio Current.


This catalogue presents a list of the Eocene mammalian type specimens held in the collection of the Natural History Museum Basel (Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, hereafter NMB). After a close inspection of the very rich Eocene collection (several tens of thousands of specimens), a total of 51 valid holotypes (plus 16 invalid species) were identified together with 21 valid lectotypes and several hundreds paratypes, paralectotypes and syntypes. These types belong to 123 originally described species, of which 99 are still valid, 30 having been moved to another genus..


We are living in a period of great changes in public attitudes, particularly in Eastern Europe. These changes affect our mental attitudes, employment patterns and economic prospects. These and other aspects of modern life are reviewed. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Asia is the largest of the continents. Covering one-third of the land surface of the world, it comprises some 18,000,000 square miles. It is larger than the combined area of North and South America, and is more than four times the size of Europe. Asia's physical diversity is matched by an even greater cultural and social diversity. It contains three main cultural areas, the Islamic, the Hindu-Buddhist and the Sinic. It is home to a third of the world's population. Although there are diversities in culture and society, Asian countries have taken similar recent historical journeys, from political independence to social transformation and modernity. In the twentieth century Asian countries, through a triadic process of cultural continuity, assimilation of contemporary ideas and resistance to imperial power, have developed political modernity. Modern sport has played an important role in stimulating political re-assertion, a sense of national identity and the arousal of Orientalism. The early form of the Asian Games was originally founded by the YMCA in 1913 in the image of the Olympic Games. The inaugural Asian Games were held in New Delhi in 1951. Their ostensible purpose was to promote sport in Asia and to unite Asian countries through sport. Over the years the games have developed into a distinguished Oriental games. The games now take place every four years and the number of participating countries has increased from 11 in 1951 to 44 in 2002. Sheikh Ahmad Al-Fahad Al-Sabah, President of the Olympic Council of Asia, has claimed that 'the Asian Games . . . has become the greatest youth festival in Asia and possibly second to none but the Olympic Games. I am equally confident that the youth of Asia will continue to celebrate the Asian Games every four years with enthusiasm, friendship and harmony [1].'


Reporting is the right that the Competition Law grants to private entity to participate in law enforcement. However, due to ineffective enforcement practice of China's Competition Law, there is no provision on the legal status of whistleblower, the substantive rights he enjoys, and the antimonopoly investigation and litigation procedures. This problem should be solved by clarifying the reporting right of entity through the legal system, establishing the emergency protection system for the safety of the whistleblower, and clearly implementing the reporting reward system. By analyzing the advantages of the reporting system in the enforcement of the Competition Law, this paper solves the problem of information asymmetry between state organs and market entities, helps improve the efficiency of social supervision. It is also a way for citizens to exercise the right of inspection and supervision granted by the Constitution. The reporting system is based more on the law enforcement actions of public enforcement agencies after reporting by private subjects. Only the organic combination of the two can achieve the social goals of the Competition Law. Keywords—Competition Law; Private reporting; Private


The starting point of this article is from the many social problems that arise from the practice of interest is completely uncontrolled. There are many impacts they pose, among others: the impoverishment and injustice. Various parties should be responsible instead tend not to care, even a fully devolved to the legal requirements prevailing market. Therefore, here I see the importance of a biblical basis that can later be used as a theological reference for market participants and churches in arranging this interest practices. Interpretation rational Socio-Historical approach for Deuteronomy 23: 19-20 (20-21) to find the deepest meaning of Scripture in regulating the practice of this kind, for the sake of a fair coexistence and peace. As such, it encourages every business person to engage in business within the legal and sovereignty of the country, and readers (or churches) are constantly reminded to encourage the nation and the church to organize its economic system that adheres to the basic principles of life preservation.


Objective To explore the correlation between insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with CNS infection. Methods 90 cases were recruited in the study, among which 30 cases were patients with bacterial, meningitis (BM), 30 cases with viral encephalitis (VM) and the rest belonged to contrast groups. CSF of all 90 cases was collected during the period from 24 to 48 hours after admission. IGF-I and NSE in CSF were measured by FJ-2008 PS γ immunocount instrument. Results Both BM and VM group had a significant difference in IGF-I and NSE as compared with control group (P 〈 0.01), but there was no significant difference between BM and VM group (P〉0.05). IGF-I and NSE in CSF of BM and VM group were not correlated with each other. However, IGF-I and NSE showed positive correlation in 15 patients with conscious disturbance (r = 0.94, P 〈 0.01). Conclusion Our study showed that IGF-I and NSE in CSF of patients with CNS infection increased greatly. IGF-I and NSE in CSF of critically ill children were correlated positively. It suggests that IGF-I play a certain role in protecting and repairing central nervous system.

Key words:
Central nervous system;  Infection;  Cerebrospinal fluid;  Insulin-like growth factor-I;  Neuron-specific enolase


The characteristics of magnetically stabilized bed(MSB)were studied in a three-phase system with nitrogen,water and iron powder(and/or Ni-RE-P amorphous alloy catalyst)as gas,liquid and solid phase respectively.The operating state was observed,and the effect of magnetic field and superficial velocity of gas on minimum fluidization velocity were examined.Finally,the MSB using mixture of iron powder and Ni-RE-P amorphous alloy catalyst as solid phase was studied.


The North China Craton is the largest and oldest known cratonic block in China. As a major lithostratigraphic unit of the Palaeoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt, the Liaohe Group occurs along a long, linear, North-east-trending belt in the eastern North China Craton. Many isotopic data for Liaohe Group are reported to constrain its volcanic components and some to its sedimentary components. However, the age of the peak metamorphism of Liaohe Group has not been well limited. The isotope systematics of metamorphic minerals can be used to date parts of prograde thermal histories of metamorphic belts. Dating of a petrologically relevant mineral, such as garnet and staurolite, has the distinct advantage that time information ideally can be related directly to the pressure-temperature-deformation history recorded by the same mineral. In this paper we present the precise Pb/Pb stepwise-leaching (PbSL) isochron dating of garnet and staurolite from the metasedimentary rocks of the Liaohe Group. The primitive Pb and radiogenic Pb are selectively extracted from garnet and straurolite by leach steps and determined by Multiple collector (MC-) ICP-MS. The data give Pb/Pb isochron ages of 1883 ± 25 Ma (±2σ, MSWD = 0.53) for garnet and 1876 ± 21 Ma (±2σ, MSWD = 1.5) for staurolite, respectively. They are identical to U-Pb age of metamorphic zircons from the Liaohe group (1955 ± 130 Ma) [1] and older than that of post-tectonic syenites (1843-1876 Ma) [2-3]. Therefore, the age of peak metamorphism of Liaohe Group is ~1880 Ma.


An analysis of a cascode source-follower with all transistors operating in saturation mode is presented. The new structure provides means to mitigate the effects of nonlinearities caused by transistor capacitances. It is also studied the effects of adding a sampling switch at the output of the source-follower. Performance results of 0.35µm CMOS implementation and dimensioning methodology of the resulting source sampling circuit is presented along the text. The circuit achieves more than 12 bits of linearity in the frequencies from 0 to 100MHz while consuming 10mW.


In this paper, we study the power assignment problem of the downlink of an OFDMA-based two-tier femtocell network. We aim to provide a global fairness among the user equipments in terms of their SINR values. Because of the potential complexity of the femtocell networks, we propose a distributed consensus-based power update algorithm to keep the required information exchange of the base stations minimal. Even though there exist some power control algorithms serving for the same fairness purpose, they are applicable only for the systems where each base station can have at most one user. Since femtocells are designed to serve more than one user equipment at the same time, the proposed power update algorithm can be considered as more real life applicable, and stands out amongst others by its ability to ensure consensus in multi-user/subchannel systems.


BACKGROUND The most common side effects of fractional laser skin treatment are erythema and edema. Low‐level light therapy and light‐emitting diode (LED) devices have been used to stimulate fibroblast activity and hasten wound healing. OBJECTIVE To determine whether LED treatment immediately after fractional laser skin resurfacing affects the severity and duration of postoperative eythema. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty patients received treatment with a 590‐nm wavelength LED array to randomly selected facial halves immediately after undergoing full‐face fractional laser skin resurfacing with a 1,550‐nm erbium‐doped fiber laser. Differences in erythema between LED‐treated and untreated facial halves were recorded at 24, 48, and 96 hours post‐treatment. RESULTS The LED‐treated facial halves were less erythematous in all 20 patients 24 hours postoperatively. The six patients who received the highest mean energy densities during fractional laser treatment continued to exhibit decreased erythema in the LED‐treated areas at 48 hours. At 96 hours post‐treatment, no discernible differences between facial halves were observed in any patient. CONCLUSIONS Photomodulation with a 590‐nm‐wavelength LED array can decrease the intensity and duration of postfractional laser treatment erythema. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.


Magnesium-based composite materials can effectively improve the material properties of the matrix. At present, the main research focus is on the preparation of composite materials strengthened by additional particles. The process of this method is not simple, and the thermal stability is not good. The in-situ synthesis of composite materials has a simplified process and good interface bonding, which has become a core technology research goal for the development of composite materials. This thesis expounds the related theories of magnesium alloys, and discusses the effects of Si on the in-situ Mg2Si/AM60 composite materials in the car from the two secretions of material organization and function.


Abstract Stroke is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Upon cerebral ischemia, an inflammatory reaction takes place in the brain. Infiltration of different immune cell subsets as well as activation of resident microglia cells have been shown to have both beneficial and detrimental effects on stroke outcome. For a long time, research in the field of adaptive immunity after stroke has mostly focused on T lymphocytes and only recently, several publications shed light on the importance of B lymphocytes in the acute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke. In this review, we will focus on the role of B cells in the ischemic brain and describe possible antibody-dependent and antibody-independent mechanisms in the development of post-stroke cognitive deficits.


The use of auto-tuning techniques in a matrix multiplication routine for hybrid CPU+GPU platforms is analyzed. Basic models of the execution time of the hybrid routine and information obtained during its installation are used to optimize the execution time with a balanced assignation of the computation to the computing components in the heterogeneous system. Satisfactory results are obtained, with experimental execution times close to the lowest achievable.


Abstract : Reports in the American and Soviet literature have discussed the recording of electrical activity from electrodes on the surface of the abdomen (electrogastrogram or EGG) as a means of measuring gastric motility for research and clinical purposes. The complexity of the recordings has presented problems in analysis of the EGG and, hence, in specifying relations between it and other measures of gastric activity. The present report describes a method of pattern recognition which applies the techniques of autocorrelation and Fourier analysis to the reduction of this complexity and which provides information unattainable by more conventional methods. Further evidence is presented for the validity of the EGG as a measure of gastric activity: high correlations are demonstrated between frequency components of 3.5 to 5.5 waves per min. in simultaneous recordings of the EGG and of mechanograms obtained from strain gages sutured to the antral region of the cat's stomach. These correlations were found under both resting conditions and when gastric activity was manipulated by ip injection of physostigmine and Probanthine and by mechanical distention. It is suggested that other frequency components of the EGG are related to activity in the intestine. (Author)


Purpose: To compare outcomes and complications of Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in complicated cases with intraocular lens (IOL) exchange, aphakia, or anterior chamber intraocular lens (ACIOL) implants with a group of noncomplicated DSAEK cases. Methods: Of the 30 complicated DSAEK cases, 14 eyes underwent concurrent IOL exchange, 5 ACIOLs were not removed, 5 eyes remained aphakic, and 5 eyes had IOL exchange done before or after DSAEK. One eye had an iris-supported phakic IOL removed, followed by cataract extraction with IOL implantation at the time of DSAEK. The comparison group included 109 consecutive DSAEK cases with a history of Fuchs dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Results: In the complicated group with significant ocular comorbidities, 27.6% achieved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ≥20/40 and 60% had a final BCVA ≥20/70. In the comparison group of patients without visually significant comorbidities, 94.4% of eyes achieved BCVA ≥20/40 with no complication of graft detachments. Of the 30 complicated eyes, 5 (16.7%) had graft detachments and 5 (16.7%) developed IOL dislocations. All grafts remained clear at the last follow-up visit, except 3 cases (10%) in the complicated group, 2 of which were because of primary graft failure and required penetrating keratoplasty. Conclusions: In comparison with uncomplicated DSAEK cases, higher graft and IOL dislocations were observed in cases involving IOL exchanges, ACIOLs, or aphakia.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the influences of design on the perceptions and actions of students and teachers at four UK secondary schools. Typical post occupancy evaluations focus on environmental issues such as acoustics, lighting and temperature, using predominantly quantitative methods that often fail to explore how different environmental and social factors interact dynamically with users through time. There is also a lack of attention to the ways in which the processes of occupation may shape the experience of such spaces. This paper reports on one area of a wider study that involved case study profiling to document a range of key issues experienced by teachers and students at each of these schools, thus extending previous evidence on the ways in which habitation alters or rejects original design. These findings contribute to the development of a more holistic understanding of the ways in which design may contribute to processes of pedagogic transformation.


The reasons for using, and the methods used for cost benefit analysis of eradication campaigns against alien pests and diseases in the UK are discussed. Details of the costanalysis for a current campaign against white rust of chrysanthemums (Puccinia horiana) are given.


ABSTRACT This study presents an adaptation of the double-ring infiltrometer (DRI) device, which allows several infiltration experiments to be conducted at the same location. Hence, it becomes possible to use the DRI method to investigate infiltration behaviour under different initial soil moisture conditions. The main feature is the splitting of the inner ring into two parts. While the lower part remains in the soil throughout the investigation period, the upper part is attached to the lower one just before the infiltration experiment. This method was applied to eight test sites in an Alpine catchment, covering different land-use/cover types. The results demonstrated the applicability of the adapted system and showed correlations between total water infiltration and initial soil moisture conditions on pastures, independent of the underlying soil type. In contrast, no correlation was found at forest sites or wetlands. Thus, the study emphasizes the importance of paying special attention to the impact of initial soil moisture conditions on the infiltration—and consequently the runoff behaviour—at managed areas. Given the differences in the total infiltrated water of between 30 and 1306 mm, consideration of the interplay between initial soil moisture conditions, land-use/cover type, and soil properties in rainfall–runoff models is a prerequisite to predict runoff production accurately. EDITOR Z.W. Kundzewicz; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned


This paper discusses the stationary shallow water shocks occurring in a reentrant rotating channel with wind stress and topography. Asymptotic predictions for the shock location, strength, and associated energy dissipation are developed by taking the topographic perturbation to be small. It is shown that under appropriate conditions, a mean flow develops under the action of the wind stress, with a transverse profile determined by the need to support stationary shocks. The scaling arguments for the asymptotics are developed by demanding integrated energy and momentum balance, with the result that the free surface perturbation is of the order of the square root of the topographic perturbation. Shock formation requires that linear waves be nondispersive, which sets a solvability condition on the mean flow and which leads to a class of generalized Kelvin waves. Two-dimensional shock-resolving numerical simulations validate the asymptotic expressions and demonstrate the presence of stationary separated flow sh...


Android application markets face severe threats of malware attacks. Existing learning-based malware detection approaches rely on easily obfuscated features or unscalable sophisticated graph analysis techniques. In this paper, we propose DroidRadar, an accurate Android malware detection system based on lightweight graph embedding. The key insight of our method is constructing an entire Android application collection as a global graph schema and using sensitive APIs as bridge nodes to propagate inter-application information. We conduct statistical correlation analysis from different perspectives to model the application's usage pattern of sensitive APIs, then apply graph convolution network (GCN) to perform node embedding and malware detection. We evaluate DroidRadar on large scale datasets spanning nine years. Results show that DroidRadar has an average detection accuracy of 98.57% and a false-positive rate of 1.4 % on different time periods, which outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches, and it has strong robustness when detecting obfuscated malware variants.


We have developed a Pd–Cu–Ag trimetallic system that can convert indoles to carbazoles using electron-deficient alkenes as two-carbon units. Investigation of the reaction mechanism revealed that this one-shot indole-to-carbazole π-extension is likely to proceed through the sequence of (i) Pd/Cu-catalyzed indole C–H alkenylation, (ii) Ag-promoted Diels–Alder reaction and dehydrogenative aromatization. The successful one-pot synthesis of a granulatimide derivative, an interesting class of Chk1 kinase inhibitor, highlights the potential of the present reaction for further development and applications.


Aim at studying the situation and relevant questions of hospital HIS system, Nanfang Hospital was taken as an example that adopted the hospital intelligent medium-sized logistics system, in order to improve of efficiency and productivity of the hospital, as well as reduce patient waiting time, optimize the medical treatment environment, reduce the hospital expenses. The result shows that the hospital intelligent logistics system could provide system support for the current inventory and distribution management and provide the basis for the realization of informationization in hospitals. Keywords intelligent medium-sized logistics system; active type; inventory management; distribution management


Problems of antisocial behavior today are not only consequence of bad material conditions, nowadays they ensue more and more from contradictories of rich society that gave to everyone proportionally high standards in the area of work and behavior, but not in consumption field. This state brings us to the conclusion that today we live in structurally dissatisfied society, that is a base of many antisocial behavior problems. To prevent successfully antisocial behavior, it is necessary to research a wide field of disorders in social behavior of adolescents, from their most common forms, causes, to the consequences which this kind of behavior has on an individual and its social environment. The causes of escalated juvenile delinquency are found even in the school system, economic instability, bad influence of peers and also in neglect or excessive care of parents. In this paper, the author is focused on the most dominant causes of social behavior disorders. Target group are adolescents in high school, just because in this life period young people tend to absorb different forms of socially unacceptable behavior depending on the sex of adolescent. The paper gives a few topics for new researches.
Key words: adolescence, antisocial aggressive behavior, delinquency, deviant subculture and counterculture, dissocial behavior.


This paper offers a review of the literature in cross-cultural logistics relating to non-Western developing countries. Referring to cross-cultural research in other disciplines, such as management and marketing, the review suggests that cross-cultural logistics is in its infancy. Most of the studies are: (1) macro-descriptive in nature and fragmentary in scope; (2) not sufficiently systematic to offer complete insights; and (3) biased towards certain methodologies only. However, certain characteristics of business and logistical environment, problems and challenges have been identified in the literature. This paper offers a review of existing literature on logistics in non-Western developing countries available from leading international academic logistics journals. Supported by mini case studies, propositions are developed about the variables related to the differences in logistics between Western developed countries and non-Western developing countries, including economic systems, culture and logistical infrastructures.


PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF ABSOLUTE AGE DETERMINATION (K-A) OF THE LOWER SILESIAN GRANITOIDIC ROCKS By means of potassium-argon method the present author has made 19 determinations of absolute age of biotite sample taken from various granitoidic rock massifs of the Sudetes and of the Fore-Sudetic block. From literature are selected 11 determinations of absolute age of biotites deriving from the granitoidic rock massifs of the Sudetes, Fore-Sudetic block and Lusatia, made by means of K-A method, as well as 4 absolute age determinations of biotites from the Sudetic granitoidic rocks, made using Rb-Sr method.


Abstract
Relations between Indigenous women and the Australian women's movement have never been easy. For some Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women the white women's movement has seemed irrelevant to the real struggles in Aboriginal women's lives, which have tended to be more politically aligned with Indigenous struggles more broadly. Many Aboriginal women have viewed white feminists as insensitive to their own role in Australia's colonial history and the implications of this for contemporary intercultural relations. In response to such criticism, many white feminists have struggled with the challenge of effective cross cultural engagement and collaboration.

This chapter brings an intersectional analysis to bear in an effort to understand these challenges, developing a framing of agonistic processes of collective identity as a way of thinking about the potentially productive role of conflict in social movements. Through an examination of Indigenous and non-Indigenous responses to a particular policy framework, the chapter suggests that feminist interventions focussing on the negative, racist impacts of the policy have tended to neglect the gendered dimensions of the underlying problem. As a result these arguments risk neglecting (some) women's lived experiences.


Transaction log analysis represents a powerful methodology which allows examination of both user commands and system responses when conducting an online information search. Machine-readable transaction log tapes from online catalogs are obtained and subsequently analyzed using stochastic pattern developments within parsed user sessions, mathematical models utilizing Markov chain analysis and the development of state transition probability matrices, which illustrate the probability of proceeding from one user or system state to another state. The objective of monitoring information systems and using transaction log analysis is to discover the extent to which systems are used and to determine the actual user patterns when conducting an information search. This in turn can aid in the evaluation of such systems and assist in the improvement of existing and future systems. Such analysis can assist in system design, while the predictive power of the methodology may allow real-time aids to be developed.As examples of the use of the methodology, patron use and system response patterns from several online public catalogs have been obtained by transaction log tapes. This paper presents an overview of the methodology, results obtained, and efforts that are being conducted within OCLC's Office of Research.