A finite element method based on a Direct EulerianLagrangian formulation is presented, and used to obtained numerical solutions to nonlinear aeroelastic problems in 3D transonic flow. In this approach, the fluidstructure system is modeled as a single problem, without the introduction of normal or assumed modes. The efficacy of this approach has already been demonstrated in two-dimension al aeroelastic computations, where it has been shown to lead to a very accurate evaluation of the energy exchange between the fluid and the structure. This is an important numerical consideration in aeroelastic stability calculations. Mindlin-Reissner plate elements are used to model the wing structure, and the unsteady aerodynamic model is based on a finite element discretization of the Euler equations on an unstructured mesh. The computational model is implemented on the IBM SP2 parallel computer system, to obtain fully nonlinear static and dynamic aeroelastic solutions for both straight and swept wings in the transonic flow regime.


This paper proposes a hybrid quantum-inspired evolutionary algorithm which codes individuals with amplitudes. The evolutionary goals are evolved by classical crossover operator. Self-adaptive rotation operator and mutation operator with respect to mutation degree are introduced too. Extensive case studies show that the novel algorithm exceeds other quantum evolutionary algorithms and classical genetic algorithms on the single-objective numerical optimization problems. In addition, novel algorithm with random weighted-sum aggregation strategy performs very well on multi-objective numerical optimization problems.


Historically, the conceptual framework for measuring health outcomes in children and adolescents can be traced to the late 1970s and early 1980s (Starfield, 1974, 1987; Grave and Pless, 1976; Eisenet al.,1979; Walker and Richmond, 1985). It was not until fairly recently, however, that important psychometric evidence concerning the underlying structure of a core set of comprehensive, generic health-assessment measures became available (Feenyet al.,1992, 1995; Starfieldet al.,1993, 1995; Kurtinet al., 1994; Landgraf and Abetz, 1996, 1997, 1998; Landgraf et al., 1996, 1998). Despite these advances in instrument development, fundamental issues related to measuring and interpreting the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children and adolescents and their families remain largely unanswered (Landgraf and Abetz, 1996). It is not surprising, then, that key issues which reflect the current state of the field emerged during the International Workshop on assessing the HRQL of children surviving cancer. My purpose is to address these broad principles briefly within the context of pediatric oncology and the reports presented at the workshop.


Abstract : The experimental determination of the melting characteristics of solid hydrogen has been accomplished. This required the measurements of appropriate thermodynamic parameters, thermophysical properties and fluid flow rates required to characterize the melting of solid hydrogen in terms of an overall heat transfer coefficient, operating conditions and initial solid geometry. Correlations for both melting characteristics and thermophysical properties (K, alpha) are given. It was found that favorable thermophysical properties of solid hydrogen contributed to a relatively fast melting rate. A comparison of the thermal conductivity obtained from the experimental solid with reported measurements for crystals reveals a significant reduction attributed to mechanical imperfections.


On September 11, the world changed. The crimes against humanity committed by terrorists at the World Trade Center and the Pentagon and on 4 commercial airliners brought the international community together in horror, fear, outrage, and grief. This unity reflected the fact that among the thousands who were murdered in New York City were citizens of every faith, from some 79 countries. Beyond the dead and the disappeared, there are countless others around the world whose lifelines of support, nurturance, and hope have been abruptly severed.

This month's cover image of Roosevelt Avenue in Woodside, Queens, shows the uniquely international character of New York City. Immigrants make up a large proportion of the population here—1 in 3—of whom nearly half arrived in the past 15 years. The city's ratio of recent to resident immigrants has not been so high since 1910, when the immigrant surge through Ellis Island was at its peak.

In our lead editorial, the Journal's editorial board member Marsha Lillie-Blanton and her coauthor, Julie Hudman, thoughtfully address the thorny issues of race/ethnicity, immigration, and access to publicly supported social welfare benefits. Efforts to exclude immigrants from publicly supported sources of health coverage and care may reflect misperceptions of "the facts" on immigration and disputes between federal and state officials regarding who bears the primary responsibility for meeting the social welfare needs of impoverished residents.

Several research reports on immigration and health attest to the complexity of the issues involved. Guy Marks and his colleagues in Sydney, Australia, found limited effectiveness of a postmigration screening program for tuberculosis among refugee migrants who were predominantly from South East Asia. Marks et al. argue that passive case finding may be more useful than active case finding for the control of tuberculosis among refugees in this setting.

Paul Geltman and his associates at the Massachusetts Department of Public Health found poor growth, indicating stunting or chronic malnutrition, almost exclusively among refugee children from developing regions; wasting, reflecting acute undernutrition, among children from Africa and East Asia; and overweight, associated with dental abnormalities, among children arriving from Eastern Europe and the Americas. Geltman and colleagues conclude that universal, comprehensive health screening and treatment of refugee children shortly after their arrival in the United States is essential.

Finally, Gilberto Granados and his coauthors at the Harbor–UCLA Medical Center assessed the impact of child and parental birthplace on insurance status and access to health care among Latino children. Like Lillie-Blanton and Hudman, they found that Latino children with immigrant parents were much more likely than those with citizen parents to lack insurance and access to care.

In the wake of the events of September 11, Kofi Annan, the secretary general of the United Nations, stressed that "[t]errorism affects every society. As the world takes action against it, we have all been reminded of the need to address the conditions that permit the growth of such hatred and depravity." We join with him in calling for a stronger, more just, more benevolent, and more genuine international community across all lines of religion and race. As we mourn the horrific losses in New York City and around the world, we rededicate ourselves to the work of public health and to ensuring that the terrorists do not defeat us in our mission to achieve health for all.


Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder in infancy. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term outcomes of different subtypes of CMT using ultrasonographic (US) diagnostic studies, which could affect the length of physical therapy (PT) in infants with CMT and elicit an early referral. We performed a retrospective analysis of 76 CMT infants who were referred for US investigation and PT between January 2014 and May 2017. The PT duration was 149 ± 72 days, and most infants received PT 2 times/week. The depth ratio and difference between the affected and non-affected bilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), passive neck rotation, and lateral flexion were significantly improved after PT. The duration of PT and the number of PT sessions were found to be correlated with initial passive neck rotation (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and lateral flexion (p = 0.031, p = 0.027). According to linear regression analysis, the initial passive neck rotation was the strongest predictive factor of the duration of PT (p = 0.001) and the number of PT sessions (p < 0.001). Muscular torticollis can be effectively treated by traditional PT. A greater limitation in passive neck rotation requires a longer duration of PT, and attention should be paid to this issue during monitoring of the development of infants with postural torticollis.


As one of the most influential art fairs in Asia, "Art Beijing2012" was closed on May 2 in Beijing Agriculture Exhibition Center. This year, "Art Beijing-Contemporary Art Fair" and "ArtBeijing-Classical Art Fair" were held jointly.


A large diameter triaxial sample of 61.9 mm was made by adding coir fiber into red clay. The range of confining pressure was 50–200 kPa; fiber content was 0.1%–0.4%; and fiber length was 10–40 mm. By varying the confining pressure, fiber content and fiber length, the unconsolidated and undrained triaxial tests were used to study the shear strength variation law of coir fiber-reinforced soil. The experimental data were processed to establish a linear model of the segmental elastic modulus, and linear analysis was used to determine the model fitting parameters and to improve the Duncan-Chang model by combining the concept of damage ratio. The modified Duncan-Chang model fits the stress-strain relationship of coir-reinforced soil. The results show a clear dividing line for the effect of fiber length and fiber content on the strength of the samples, which is about 30 mm and 0.3%, respectively. At the same time, the modified model can fit the stress-strain relationship of coir fiber-reinforced soil and reflect the stress-strain curve characteristics of coir fiber-reinforced soil.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined contact pneumatic and ultrasound lithotripsy during percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound guidance for the treatment of complex upper urinary calculi.Methods From January 2009 to August 2009,56 renal units in 51 patients underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy using a combined pneumatic and ultra-sonic lithotrite via ultrasound guidance for treatment of complex upper urinary tract calculi.Clinical data was analyzed retrospectively.Results All the cases was cured successfully in one stage.Fifty renal units were cured by one tunnel way,4 renal units by double tunnel,and 2 renal units by multiple tunnels.The average time for whole surgery was 85 min.The calculi degradation rate was 100% and the calculi clearance rate was 87.5%(49/56)while 7 cases had a residual calculi smaller than 1.0 cm in diameter due to an inaccessible location.These 7 cases were cured by ESWL or drug treatment.No complication occurred during 1 to 3 months'follow-up.Conclusions The value of PCNL under ultrasound guidance for the treatment of complex upper urinary tract calculi is accurate locat-ing,the construction of tunnel is safe and convenient.A combined pneumatic and ultrasound lithotripsy device deal with complex upper urinary tract calculi during percutaneous nephrolithotomy appears to be efficacious and safe for calculi clearance with less compli-cations.


Automatic plant species recognition is an intriguing and challenging problem which has vital applications in important real-world areas such as determining plant health, identifying new species and conserving biodiversity. Therefore, deriving an effective plant species representation from images is vital for successful species recognition. In this article the robustness of computer vision texture-based recognition techniques, such as Local Binary and Local Directional Pattern implementations, are evaluated for capturing discriminant textural features of leaf images. Furthermore, classification is done using both K-Nearest Neighbour and Support Vector Machine classifiers on the Swedish and Flavia leaf datasets. The results show that both these local patterns are successful at encoding dominant textural characteristics of leaf images to uniquely identify different plant species. The highest result obtained with the proposed methodology on the Flavia and Swedish leaf datasets are 96.94 % and 98.22 % identification accuracy respectively.


Background: Burn injuries rank among the most severe type of injury with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Burn injuries not only affect patients physical health but also affects their social and psychological well being along with severe economic loss to the individual, their family and to the society. About 90% burn injuries are preventable, but poor adherence of safety measures and awareness leads to disability and disfigurement throughout their life. Hence, the need for various demographic variables to understand the cause and pattern in our region are required.
Objectives: To describe the demographic and socio-cultural aspects of burn patients and to learn the cause of burn victims in our region.
Materials and Methods: A record based retrospective study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Thandalam, Kanchipuram district. The medical records of all patients over a period of 4 years (January 2017 to December 2020) were reviewed. Data were recorded on a pre-structured and pretested questionnaire. Chi-square test was done to study association between socio-demographic variables and burn injury and (p<0.05) was considered statistically significant.
Results: A total of 208 burn cases were involved in this study out of which 56.7% were females and 43.3% were males. Most of the burn patients were 31-45 years and lived in rural areas. The majority of burn injuries were accidental; thermal burns was the most common cause of deep burns.
Conclusion: Socio-demographic factors are important in raising educational programs and awareness in rural areas for improving quality of life.


We assume that for some fixed large enough integer d, the symmetric group S<inf>d</inf> can be generated as an expander using d1/30 generators. Under this assumption, we explicitly construct an infinite family of groups G<inf>n</inf>, and explicit sets of generators Y<inf>n</inf> ⊂ G<inf>n</inf>, such that all generating sets have bounded size (at most d1/7), and the associated Cayley graphs are all expanders. The groups G<inf>n</inf> above are very simple, and completely different from previous known examples of expanding groups. Indeed, G<inf>n</inf> is (essentially) all symmetries of the d-regular tree of depth n. The proof is completely elementary, using only simple combinatorics and linear algebra. The recursive structure of the groups G<inf>n</inf> (iterated wreath products of the alternating group A<inf>d</inf>) allows for an inductive proof of expansion, using the group theoretic analogue [4] of the zig-zag graph product of [38]. The explicit construction of the generating sets Y<inf>n</inf> uses an efficient algorithm for solving certain equations over these groups, which relies on the work of [33] on the commutator width of perfect groups.We stress that our assumption above on weak expansion in the symmetric group is an open problem. We conjecture that it holds for all d. We discuss known results related to its likelihood in the paper.


The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA), a next-generation facility for basic research in nuclear physics, continues to be a high priority for construction in the United States by the Department of Energy Office of Science. In late 2003 RIA was ranked a very high priority in the Office of Science 20-year plan. The CD-0 milestone for RIA was passed early in 2004. To prepare for RIA design and construction it is essential to continue a vigorous R&D program for RIA.


Abstract Transgenic potato plants expressing human CYP1A1 and human CYP1A1/yeast NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase (YR) fused enzyme were generated from microtubers by the use of an Agrobacterium transformation system. The transgenic plants S1384 expressing human CYP1A1 and both F1386 and F1515 expressing the fused enzyme were selected by kanamycin resistance, PCR analysis, chlortoluron (CT) resistance, and Western blot analysis. The integration and transcription of the corresponding CYP1A1 genes were confirmed in these selected transgenic plants by Southern and Northern blot analyses. CYP1A1 and its fused proteins were found to be produced in the transgenic plants S1384 and F1515, respectively. The P450-dependent monooxygenase activity of the transgenic plants S1384, S1386, and F1515 was 3.5, 4.2, and 3.8 times higher in 7-ethoxycoumarin 0 -deethylation in vitro and 6.4, 5.8, and 5.3 times higher in [ 14 C]CT metabolism in vivo than those of the control plants, respectively. In the metabolism of [ 14 C]atrazine (AT), four metabolites were found in both control and transgenic plants. The deisopropylated deethylated metabolite DIDE, which is nonphytotoxic, was produced to a higher extent in S1384 and F1515 compared with the control. With herbicide tolerance tests, S1384 showed tolerance toward both AT and pyriminobac-methyl (PM), and F1386 and F1515 were tolerant toward PM, while the control died by treatment with both herbicides. Thus, it was found that the transgenic potato plants expressing human CYP1A1 metabolized the herbicides CT and AT with different structures and herbicide modes of action and resulted in cross-tolerance to both herbicides as well as PM.


This educational article is focused on a simple geometric explanation of basic concepts of large deformation theory in an undergraduate curriculum in materials pressure forming. The paper provides a unified original introduction to macroscopic rotation and rotational inhomogeneity concepts for technical students working with soft modelling materials in laboratory classes. The original author's approach to an engineering interpretation of theoretical and experimental laboratory research work uses only a simple geometric computational approach and does not involve calculus techniques. This mathematics-free explanation is easily understandable and appropriate for a wide community of technical students with any level of preliminary knowledge. The proposed novel educational approach is an interesting enhancement of existing materials curriculum for creative student-centred training of technical specialists both in metal forming and polymer pressure forming.


As the pace and complexity of modern warfare accelerates, it is of great significance to apply intelligent technology to defense decision-making. Due to the high dynamics and randomness of the aircraft, traditional methods are difficult to solve the optimal control strategy. The characteristics of reinforcement learning match the difficulty of the problem. In this paper, the situation of hypersonic aircraft is deduced, and the deep reinforcement learning method is used to make autonomous penetration decisions in the reentry phase. The model of aircraft and environment is established, and the maneuvering decision-making model is established based on deep Q-learning and its optimization algorithm. Through a large number of simulation training, this method can effectively give the real-time decision output of the agent and make a good prediction of the situation. It has the ability of short-range accurate operation and long-term planning and prediction. This method can improve the probability of successful penetration, and can be used as the decision-making basis of glider penetration.


The pituitary hormones corticotropin (ACTH) and /Mipotropin (IJLPH) are formed from a large common precursor protein.'-' These two hormones in turn are known to contain small component peptides having biological activity: a-melanotropin (aMSH) and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) are derived from ACTH.' /3-melanotropin (IJMSH), endorphins, and methionine enkephalin are liberated from /lLPH.9-'' The locations of these various peptide components of the precursor protein are shown in FIGURE 1. The intracellular level of the messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding the common precursor protein is depressed by glucocorticoids, which appear to act at the transcriptional level by means of the glucocorticoid receptor. 1 2 . 1 3 Although the general positions of ACTH and PLPH on the common precursor molecule have been known for several years, earlier studies had provided no information about the exact structural relationships of these peptides. Moreover, ACTH and PLPH account for only one-third to one-half the molecular weight of the precursor protein and thus, there has been considerable interest in and speculation about primary structure and possible biological functions of the peptides in the remaining ("cryptic") portion. together provide a powerful tool for understanding the organization of eukaryotic genes and the regulation of their expression. Using bacterial plasmids or phage vectors, it has been possible to propagate DNA sequences from a wide variety of plant and animal cell sources within bacterial cells (for reviews, see references 17-19). Procedures for the introduction of randomly generated fragments of mammalian chromosomal DNA into Escherichia coli K12,'O for the cloning of complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of RNA species that predominate in certain and for the propagation in bacteria of chemically synthesized nucleotide chains that correspond to the amino acid sequence of small peptide hormone~~'.~' have been described. Recently, we reported the cloning and analysis of a double-stranded cDNA The techniques of DNA cloning" and nucleotide sequence


T he article by Mr Fong and Dr S inclair' was a useful review of asthma inhalation devices, but I am concerned with its final section giving the impression that the Turbuhaler is now the only device that need be considered. This conclusion goes against the advice the authors give in their introduction that "...physicians choose the technique best suited to each patient." Fong and Sinclair use evidence of patient acceptability tojustify their promotion of the Turbuhaler, and although this is important in achieving compliance, it is by no means the only factor in compliance, and compliance is not the only factor to be considered. Compliance is affected by the doctorpatient relationship and also by education, ie, the patient's understanding of why he or she uses the medication and its effect. Many of my patients do not like the Turbuhaler because they cannot "feel" themselves getting the drug, especially the steroid. Some of my patients prefer not to use inhaled steroids ifpossible, and if they can be controlled adequately, it is reasonable for them to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory asthma medications. No nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory asthma medication is available in the Turbuhaler delivery system. The advantage of other dry powder inhalers is that compliance can be monitored more easily. If a patient is told to bring the remaining dry powder capsules or empty disks to the next office visit, a quick count and some simple arithmetic will reveal whether or not the patient is using the medication at the correct frequency. (I am aware that patients can be deceptive here.) The Turbuhaler is unsuitable for young children. I do not usually consider it for children younger than 5 years, but I know of children younger than 5 using it satisfactorily. For younger children, the metered dose inhaler (MDI) with small volume spacer and face mask is highly efficient.2 Whether the MDI plus spacer is more effective than the Turbuhaler at delivering medication to the lungs depends on the reference you choose to cite. Fong and Sinclair's reference for MDI plus spacer quotes 13% being delivered to the lungs and 57% to the oropharynx,3 but a later paper by the same lead author found 20.9% reaching the lungs and only 16.5% being deposited in the oropharynx.4 Similarly, a review by Di Benedetto and Clarke5 quoted a range of 15% to 25% for drug lung deposition from MDI plus spacer. We decide on our biases and choose our references accordingly. It is the authors' original directive to choose the right device for the patient. I use the Turbuhaler for many patients, but I also use MDIs, disks, and other dry powder inhalers as appropriate. I wonder if the fact that neither author is a family physician has blinded them to the other factors involved in selecting the correct inhaler device for a patient. Mervyn M. Dean, MB, ChB, MRCGP Corner Brook, ANfd


. We exhibit 88 examples of rank zero elliptic curves over the rationals with | Ш ( E ) | > 63408 2 , which was the largest previously known value for any explicit curve. Our record is an elliptic curve E with | Ш ( E ) | = 1029212 2 = 2 4 · 79 2 · 3257 2 . We use deep results by Kolyvagin, Kato, Skinner–Urban and Skinner to prove that, in some cases, these orders are the true orders of Ш. For instance, 410536 2 is the true order of Ш ( E ) for E = E 4 (21 , − 233) from the table in Section 2.3.


By the end of 2021, the Omicron variant of concern (VOC) emerges in South Africa. This variant caused immediate concern, due to the explosive increase in cases associated with it and the large number of mutations it exhibits. In this study, the restriction sites that allow detecting the mutations K417N and N440K in the Spike gene are described. This analysis allows us to propose a rapid method for the identification of cases infected with the Omicron variant. We show that the proposed methodology can contribute to provide more information on the prevalence and rapid detection of cases of this new VOC.


FDMA, TDMA and CDMA are the well-known multiplexing techniques used in wireless communication systems. In a typical terrestrial broadcasting, the transmitted signal arrives at the receiver using various paths of different lengths. Since multiple versions of the signal interfere with each other, it becomes difficult to extract the original information. The use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique provides better solution for the above mentioned problems. OFDM technique distributes the data over a large number of carriers that are spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing provides the "orthogonally", which prevents the demodulator from seeing frequencies other than their own. The benefits of OFDM are high spectral efficiency, resiliency of RF interference, and lower multi-path distortion. OFDM is a powerful modulation technique that is capable of high data rate and is able to eliminate ISI. The use of FFT technique to implement modulation and demodulation functions makes it computationally more efficient.


The synthesis of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-cis-but-2-enyl)guanidine in a stereoselective manner has confirmed the structure previously assigned to the hydroxygalegine found in Galega officinalis.


An adaptive feedback gain is introduced at the recursive output of an adaptive IIR digital filter. A fast technique for partial stabilisation is also discussed. Simulation results show that such an adaptive feedback gain together with the partial stabilisation technique is effective in increasing convergence speed. >


A study was performed which examined the use of ultrasonic cavitation as a means of solder coating metal surfaces without the requirement of a fluxing agent. Fundamental studies on copper plates revealed that oxide removal and subsequent solder wetting resulted from both mechanical erosion and coupling of sonic energy from the source (horn) into the substrate. Cavitation was removed from the surface oxide layer. Coupling efficiency was dependent upon the power level, horn sample separation, and the substrate geometry. Inefficient coupling was characterized by a reduced area of solder coating and significant erosion of those regions that wet wetted by the solder. In the absence of a flux, traditional meniscus rise and capillary flow processes were limited. Case studies illustrated the use of ultrasonic soldering in the coating of printed circuit board copper features and electronic package leads.


Excerpt Whipple's disease is a systemic illness that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract resulting in malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss. We report the case of a man with Whipple...


This paper describes a simple algorithm for the solution of very large sequence problems without the use of a computer. It produces approximate solutions to the n job, m machine sequencing problem where no passing is considered and the criterion is minimum total elapsed time. Up to m-1 sequences may be found.


We consider a vibration isolation control problem in a case of which the narrow-band frequency disturbances are applied to a system. The frequency shaping method by the /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control is a helpful method for the problem. However, constraints of closed-loop poles cannot be applied to the method as an additional specification. This is because the poles of weighting functions become undetectable modes of the generalized system in the /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// design. In order to overcome this problem, a design method by combination of the extended /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control and the robust stability-degree assignment method is proposed. By this method, we can design a controller which provides desirable frequency shaping and preferable closed-loop pole location at the same time. Performance of the designed controller is demonstrated by experiments and we confirmed that it provides expected vibration isolation performance.


Most new parents have the expectation that within weeks to months of the birth of their new baby the infant will be sleeping soundly through the night and that peace will rein. For many families however this expectation is soon shattered. Sleep problems are exceedingly common through the first few years of life. In fact, most infants do not establish predominantly nocturnal sleeping patters until three months of age, and it is not until six months of age that the majority are sleeping through the night. About one third of all Australian infants and toddlers continue to wake at least once each night, while over half of toddlers and preschoolers resist going to bed.


Riau Province when viewed geographically, geo-economically and geopolitically is located on a very strategic path both at present and in the future, because the existence of this province lies in regional trade route and also international trade in ASEAN region. Policymakers in Riau Province tend to be more focused on the economy to continue to grow rapidly, but ignore to consider various factors related to growth itself. This study aims to analyze the pro-poor and pro-growth development policies in Riau Province. The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative method that includes data collection activities, seeking information with the aim of testing the hypothesis of a problem. Data collection techniques used are documentation techniques and through studies. Analysis tool used in the form of Simultaneous Equation Model Analysis with Two-Stage Least Square (TSLS) method with EVIEWS 9 program. This study concludes that 1) investment, unemployment, minimum wage and economic growth simultaneously significantly affect poverty in Riau Province. 2) investment, unemployment, government expenditure and poverty simultaneously have a significant effect on economic growth in Riau Province. Based on the results of this study, the suggested policy is the Riau Province government is expected to increase the role of fiscal decentralization in developing the pro-growth policy. The government is also expected to balance between pro-poor and pro-poor policies to be able to reduce the poverty, unemployment and push growth in Riau Province.


The city square is becoming a part where the city people live.It is welcomed by more and more people,and provides more choice directions for ours living space.This article discusses the city square construction,proposes the design rules and the key,as well as the method on the design.


ELITE ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE is dependent on a systemized training program. The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) was the original model from which periodization was designed (67). The GAS describes the physiological response of an organism to stress. A more comprehensive model of the physiological responses to training stimuli is the fitness-fatigue theory (1). In light of recent research examining resistance exercise overreaching and overtraining, it is prudent to review the fitness-fatigue theory and determine how it can be applied to strength and conditioning.


Purpose: The Rehabilitation Department at the University of Tennessee Medical Center in Knoxville, Tennessee, changed its staffing model in an effort to increase efficiency and reduce hospital length of stay (LOS) without compromising safety for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA). This study was designed to reveal effects of extended physical therapy (PT) coverage on TJA patient safety and LOS at our hospital. Methods: Our study is a retrospective chart review including 775 patients. After a staffing change involving the addition of an evening PT shift, we gathered data on patients with TJA in 2 groups: (1) before staffing change and (2) after staffing change. We examined the percentage of patients in each group who received a day of surgery (DOS) PT evaluation and tracked each group's incidence of adverse events and hospital LOS. We then compared outcomes between groups. Results: The percentage of Patients who received a DOS PT evaluation increased from 64.5% prestaffing change to 97.0% poststaffing change. Hospital LOS decreased from 2.30 days (SD = 0.9) in the prestaffing change group to 2.16 days (SD = 0.8) in the poststaffing change group, with no difference in incidence of adverse events between groups. The frequency of adverse events tracked in this study was only 6.6% in each group, indicating that the greater frequency of DOS PT evaluations did not increase the incidence of adverse events or compromise patients' safety. Conclusions: A staffing change involving extended PT evening coverage resulted in a higher percentage of patients with TJA receiving a DOS PT evaluation, no increase of adverse events, and a statistically significant decrease in hospital LOS.


Experimental results on transverse polarization obtained at LEP at a beam energy of 50 GeV are shown. The application of the refined orbit correction procedure known as harmonic spin matching, implemented to compensate for depolarizing effects originating from orbit errors and misalignments of the machine elements, is described. Prospects and plans to improve the transverse polarization level at higher energies to extend the range of application of the direct and precise calibration with resonant depolarization are reported.


The construction of a prestressed concrete bridge deck in a fixed formwork placed behind an abutment with incremental launching of the deck as it is gradually built - a process at first sight comparable to a cadenced extrusion - is a very competitive technique for a wide range of deck spans and sizes. During launching, the movement of the support sections produces transitory stresses that affect the sizing of the deck and increase the consumption of materials. Although materials are only one component of the overall cost of the deck, and the costs associated with the particular building technique used are often much more significant when comparing different alternatives, correct pre-estimations of cost cannot fail to take into account this tendency to oversize with respect to service requirements. A comparison of the main dimensions of the cross sections of decks built by incremental launching with those built by alternative techniques provides an opportunity to illustrate the effects on structural sizing, and data interpolation may help in presizing new structures.


Parameter estimation of the scatters based on the attributed Scattering Center (ASC) model is a hot research topic in feature extraction field, which is widely used in artificial intelligential target recognition. However, different measured data of a same target will produce different estimated error variances. Therefore, having a knowledge of the limit bound of performance of different parameter estimation methods on measured data of different qualities will help the researchers to reasonably design experiments and wisely process data. This article will give a shot introduction of how to evaluate the performance of data measured in different dimension. Besides, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) which is one of those inversion methods in parameter estimation will help to verify the accuracy of our theory. In this paper we will derive a Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) formula used for simulated radar data and use it as a benchmark [1] to calculate the data accuracy limit bound.


Environment quality, especially aquatic environment is increasingly being interested. TThis paper presents the initial results of the monthly observations for the period from January 2012 to December 2012 on some heavy metal contents in the Red River system at the four hydrological stations in Ha Noi, Hoa Binh, Vu Quang and Yen Bai. The monitoring results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the Red River water varied in a high range: Cu: 10 – 80 mg/l; Zn: 2 – 88 mg/l; Cr: 0,2 – 5,1 mg/l; Pb: 2  - 107 mg/l; Cd: : 2 – 12 mg/l; Mn: 2 - 35 mg/l; Fe: 160 – 950 mg/l. Most of the mean values of heavy metal contents at the four monitoring sites were lower than the ones of  the Vietnamese standard limits for surface water quality, QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. However, at several time during the observation period, the contents of some heavy metals such as Fe, Cd and Pb exceeded the Vietnamese standard limits. The results shows that the water quality of the Red River needs more be frequently and systhematically observed


The relative lack of evidence for anti‐inflammatory treatment of some phenotypes of asthma in children has been highlighted in recent guidelines and consensus reports specifically aiming at the paediatric population. Consequently, we are left with a need for defining treatment strategies in the clinical setting. The decision to initiate antiinflammatory treatment should be based on assessments of the individual child's age, the type of asthma, severity, heredity and atopic condition, adherence factors and sensitivity to systemic adverse effects of treatment options. Inhaled corticosteroids are potent anti‐inflammatory agents that are effective in the whole spectrum of asthma in school age children. In toddlers with viral wheeze and in children with mild asthma oral leukotriene receptor antagonists or inhaled corticosteroids may be given on a trial‐and‐error basis.


Recently fast dissolving drug delivery system have started gaining popularity and acceptance as one su ch example with increased consumer choice, for the rea son of rapid disintegration, dissolution, self-admi nistration even without water or chewing. Asthma is a chronic disease of the respiratory system in which the airw ay occasionally constricts, becomes inflamed, and is l ined with excessive amounts of mucus and difficulty in breathing. So the action of drug should be very qui ckly. The parentrals and aerols have rapid action b ut its side effect more and patient can become addict to these type of dosage form. So reduce these type of compli cance. Fast dissolving tablet of salmeterol play great ro le in treatment asthma and chronic obstructive pulm onary disease.Salmeterol is a strong bronchodilator .So t he fast dissolving tablet of salmeterol so rapid on set of action with the use of superdisintegrant such as crospovid one, primojel. Various techniques are available for prepaing fast dissolving tablet. But the tablets were prepar ed by direct compression method because in this met hod tablets are compressed directly from powder mixture of API and suitable excipients. No pretreatment of the


A model is introduced to answer three questions pertaining to site-specific nutrient management in production of orchard crops: which input factors of crop production are limiting yield; what action should be taken to remove the limiting factors; and what is the potential gain in revenue from taking the action. Our model captures the essence of the law of the minimum in that yield and revenue increase only if the limiting nutrients are adjusted. An example of pear trees shows how to implement the method.


It is clear that the management of organisation is undergoing a paradigm shift. Globally, over the past five decades, there has been a growing trend towards more participative working relationships and practices. The system of hierarchy and the distance power culture, which is very strong in Indian culture, finds itself being challenged by the notion of collaborative and team-based organisations. Also, the new generation of employees who are increasingly becoming more demanding, expecting to be respected and valued as individuals in the workplace, refuse to follow the conventional employer-employee hierarchy. The Indian economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, and the Indian automobile sector has also grown rapidly in the recent past. The present study investigated the effectiveness of upward communication in Indian automobile companies, as perceived by managers, and how it impacted the organisational effectiveness.


It has been suggested that in order to obtain "the perfect valve" one should use large number of parallel connected, just one size of on/off-valves, to control the flow rate. With commercially available hydraulic on/off-valves, this is not practically reasonable because the number of valves needed is from tens to few hundred and the use of commercial on/off-valves leads to too big valve packages. In this paper a simple unidirectional spring return needle valve is miniaturized to size small enough to be used in digital flow control units consisting several dozens of valves. The most important design parameters are small size, operation on industrial hydraulic pressure level, fast response time and reasonable flow rate. A major problem in commercial valves is the size of the solenoid actuator thus the design includes both a hydraulic part and a solenoid actuator for it. Simulations, calculations, measurements and construction of the valve are presented. Capabilities of designed valve are discussed.


The radiation chemical yields of formazans were measured in binary systems containing polyvinyl alcohol and tetrazolium salts as additives; it was established that they are more than half of the yields of radicals in pure polyvinyl alcohol. The ESR spectra of the indicated systems were measured at various temperatures, and the relative changes in the radical concentrations were determined. It was suggested that the increase in the concentration of single radicals at T > 400 K is due to the participation of radical pairs in the reaction. 15 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.


The aims of the report are:1. To report the characteristics of the main sediments from the high latitudes and thus provide data for further study of the deposition in the waters of Antarctica;2. to discuss the environments of deposition in the Great Wall Bay basing on the analyses of the grain size and the mineralogy.


A description of the electronic structure of M(eta/sup 5/-C/sub 5/H/sub 4/CH/sub 3/)/sub 4/ (M = Th, U) complexes as based upon He I and He II photoelectron spectra and relativistic X..cap alpha..-SW calculations is presented. Despite the true S/sub 4/ symmetry of the molecules, the outermost MO's are grouped as if the complexes have a pure tetrahedral ligation environment. As a consequence, donation to empty metal orbitals appears to be highly dominated by the symmetry requirements. The HOMO in Cp'/sub 4/U is almost pure 5f in character, and the corresponding /sup 2/F/sub 5/2/ final state produced upon ionization is split by operation of a T/sub d/ ligand field. The relative intensity variations observed on passing from He I to He II spectra are quite unexpected. It appears that the He II increases of PE signals due to MO's having large metal 6d character are greater than those due to MO's having comparable 5f admixture.


The theory of corona discharge in counters, based on elementary processes in the counter, is discussed. Relations are developed for corona ignition potential and corona current as functions of outer circuit parameters and cathcde material. Data for experimentally verifying the theory are quoted. (tr-auth)


Last year it was shown how f-xy eigenimage filtering (Canadian and U.S. patents pending) can be used to remove random noise from stacked 3-D volumes. Here we adapt f-xy eigenimage filtering for removing noise from 2-D and 3-D prestack traces by having the x-y coordinates represent common shot and receiver. A new theoretical result states that this type of filtering is exact for noiseless that has a restricted number of dips in the CMP domain. Tests show that applying eigenimage filtering before stack can reduce noise to a degree not possible with poststack processes alone. They also show that, for very noisy data, preceding f-xy eigenimage filtering with a simple dip filter can be far more effective than applying either alone.


In this paper, a novel symmetric multi-port correlator using 90o circular hybrid couplers is proposed at the center frequency of 28 GHz. The work is focused on designing the multi-port circuit on a low thickness and low dielectric constant substrate (Rogers RT/Duroid 5880). The circuit is suited to realize a low-cost architecture and integrate with antennas for mm-wave applications. Due to the structure, this design can be implemented without any additional off-chip components. Moreover, the octagonal structure minimized the overall size of the circuit while providing enough space to solder 8 connectors. The performance of the designed structure is assessed via full-wave computer simulation technology (CST) and Advanced Design System (ADS). As simulation results show the proposed compact size multi-port network has a good fractional bandwidth of 28.6% from 24 to 32 GHz and superb phase resolution at four output ports.


All authors are at the mercy of their readers. In the eighteenth century, this realization created a tension that was keenly felt, and articulated, by genteel authors whose response to the unchartable nature of reading was inextricably linked to the material qualities of their books as commodities. These anxieties can be traced in the social politics of presentation books within Horace Walpole's circle of friends and readers. This essay examines the production and reception of such genteel books, particularly those collected, inscribed and extra-illustrated by Richard Bull. Bull's deferential annotations and innovative practice of extra-illustration turned his books into personalized artefacts, rich in emotional investment and individualized experience. His books, thus rendered a spectacle for an audience to enjoy, serve as an instructive diagnostic of the socio-economic culture of gift exchange and ritual response that underpinned the rhetoric of eighteenth-century amateurism and thus helped to assert both the author's gentility and that of his extra-illustrator.


Although inkjet printers are widely used for graphical applications, it was only within the last decades that inkjet printing has grown to a mature patterning technique. As a consequence, it has gained specific attention in scientific research because of its high precision and its additive nature: only the necessary amount of functional material is dispensed (Tekin et al., 2008). Furthermore, the absence of physical contact between print head and substrate allows many potential applications, such as inkjet printing of labels onto rough curved surfaces, or surfaces that are sensitive to pressure. Inkjet printing is utilised to dose many different kinds of materials, such as conductive polymers and nanoparticles (Osch et al., 2008; Perelaer et al., 2008ab), sol-gel materials (Berg et al., 2007), cells (Derby, 2008), structural polymers (Gans & Schubert, 2004), ceramics (Reis et al., 2005) and even molten metals (Attinger et al., 2000). Inkjet printing, and in particular drop-on-demand inkjet printing, can compete with lithography techniques, since it places material on demand and in a direct way, which reduces the number of processing steps and the amount of material required, thereby also reducing time, space and waste consumption within production. Furthermore, inkjet printing can also be combined with roll-to-roll production (Forrest, 2004). Typical applications can be seen in the field of plastic electronic devices, which are microelectronic devices that are prepared on flexible polymer substrates, including radio frequency identification tags or electrodes for thin-film transistor circuits. Similarly, over the few last years, there has been a growing interest in the inkjet printing of conductive materials. One of the compound types that has been frequently used is the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), due to its relatively low costs. However, this polymer does not have a high conductivity (Yoshioka & Jabbour, 2006). Besides conductive polymers, inks that contain metals have been used to create microstructures on polymer substrates (Smith et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2007). It has been shown that inkjet printing of conductive materials is a relatively cheap alternative for the fabrication of electronic devices when compared to other microand nanopatterning techniques (Menard et al., 2007), such as photo-lithography (Liu et al., 2005) or laser patterning (Cuk et al., 2000).


Thank you very much for reading the genetics and heterogeneity of common gastrointestinal disorders. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this the genetics and heterogeneity of common gastrointestinal disorders, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their computer.


Abstract Colpocephalum ateri n. sp. is described from Daptrius ater and is differentiated from C. ceciliae Carriker from the same host species and from C. ibicter (Eichler) from D. americanus.


For some, the connection between Jews and athletics might seem far-fetched. But in fact, as is highlighted by the fourteen chapters in this collection, Jews have been participating in-and thinking about-sports for more than two thousand years. The articles in this volume cover a wide chronological range: from the Hellenistic period (first century BCE) to the most recent basketball season. The range of athletes covered is equally broad. The authors of these essays raise a number of intriguing questions such as: What differing attitudes toward sports have Jews exhibited across periods and cultures? In what sports have Jews excelled, and why? How have Jews overcome prejudices on the part of the general populace


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the behavior and attitudes of healthcare workers with a chronic disease or those who have a relative with a chronic disease who are also providing a healthcare service to patients with the same disease. Materials and Methods: This study was performed at Inonu University Turgut Ozal Health Center located in Malatya (a provincial city in Turkey) in November 2012. A total of 1178 lecturers (physicians), research assistants (physician assistants) and nurses provide a health service in this center, and some of them completed a survey regarding this study. The answers to this survey were evaluated with Pearson Chi-Square, Yates Corrected Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact Tests in the SPSS 15.0 program. Values of P<0.05 were accepted as significant. Conclusions: According to our results, the most important factors affecting a healthcare worker's attentiveness to patient with a chronic disease were gender (OR=2.35; 95% CI=1.06-5.17), working years (OR=0.53; 95% CI=0.32-0.88), and profession (OR=0.22; 95% CI=0.0750.667), respectively.


: Feature extraction plays a key role in fault detection methods. Most existing methods focus on comprehensive and accurate feature extraction of normal operation data to achieve better detection performance. However, discriminative features based on historical fault data are usually ignored. Aiming at this point, a global-local marginal discriminant preserving projection (GLMDPP) method is proposed for feature extraction. Considering its comprehensive consideration of global and local features, global-local preserving projection (GLPP) is used to extract the inherent feature of the data. Then, multiple marginal fisher analysis (MMFA) is introduced to extract the discriminative feature, which can better separate normal data from fault data. On the basis of fisher framework, GLPP and MMFA are integrated to extract inherent and discriminative features of the data simultaneously. Furthermore, fault detection methods based on GLMDPP are constructed and applied to the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process. Compared with the PCA and GLPP method, the effectiveness of the proposed method in fault detection is validated with the result of TE process.


political association, to which I belong (although I am writing as an individual doctor), stands for exactly what it says-it condemns war as a solution to the problems which confront us to-day. Do the objectors to this appeal infer that, because fewer people were injured and rendered homeless in Egypt, they therefore do not require aid ? Or that the cause should make us withhold aid ? I have attended many committee meetings of the association in question, and I can vouch for the fact, that politics have played no part in its aims. But the letters of these objectors stink of politics and contain none of the humanity and compassion for human life and suffering which one would expect even the meanest member of our profession to have.-I am, etc., Dunmow, Essex. WINIFRED COPPARD.


serums no longer reacted with liver proteins which are present in the other organs. It was found that most of the liver proteins exist in organs other than liver. Only two proteins were specific for the liver.


Antimicrobial resistance is of concern in human medicine today for many reasons. • For a long time, the solution to resistance was to develop another drug to overcome this resistance. About 10 years ago, pharmaceutical companies thought there was no value in developing new antibiotics since we had more than enough to deal with the problems being encountered. • The emergence of AIDS, and consequently the emergence of totally new or resurgent "old" infections, has been one factor important for the resurgence of infectious disease as well as resistance problems. • The practice of keeping infants in arms in daycare centers has increased the significance of some infectious diseases of children. For example, at any one time 5%-10% of children in day-care centers are (possibly now were) on broad-spectrum antibiotics for middle ear infections. Up to 50% of Streptococcus pneumoniaes are now penicillinresistant, a devastating problem for an organism which has for so long been exquisitely susceptible to penicillin. • The "crisis" in antibiotic resistance has moved from the hospital, where it was known for so long, into the community (i.e., into general medical practice). This is due to the advent of day-care centers as well as budget cuts in hospitals which send patients home within day(s) of surgery. • Modern treatments of cancer often involve severe immunosuppression, so that to prevent infection patients are placed on extremely "powerful" broad-spectrum antibiotics. These not only provide selection pressures for resistance, but also select for the intrinsically resistance "wimpy" pathogens.


The tendency that has become widely recognized as "the fundamental attribution error" may represent neither an error nor a fundamental tendency in social perception. Contrary to the assumption underlying the fundamental attribution error, the imputation of dispositional characteristics to individuals may be both logically and empirically tenable. Further, cogent address of the accuracy of attribution necessitates much greater progress toward establishing criteria of accuracy than has occurred to date. At present, evidence regarding a pronounced tendency to make attributions to situational factors may just as likely represent a fundamental error as does a strong tendency to make attributions to dispositional characteristics. Also discussed are a distinction between error and bias and some of the indirect evidence that has been represented as supporting the fundamental attribution error.


This article examines the subversion of codes of literary and sexual classification in Cixous's Portrait de Dora and argues that the play seeks to offer, through the inscription of playfulness, a feminine voice to and a feminine version of Freud's cornerstone psychoanalytical text.


PLN has decided to start its Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) project in its journey into smart grid implementation. Compared to the conventional metering system, AMI offers a better meter reading efficiency and many other important functions and features. However, so many products have been available in the market with various quality and topology. Choosing a proper and suitable product is essential since it can affect the company's performance in the long-run implementation. Some assessments need to be conducted to ensure product quality and interoperability. This paper proposes a set of assessment procedures for AMI deployment in PLN. The assessment procedure is developed by combining references from several countries and adjusting some items to meet PLN needs. This assessment procedure can lead to a PLN preferred AMI system.


A first shift worker brought the news into the plant. She had heard on the radio, as she turned her car into the company parking lot, that our employer, Unilever, planned to close 100 manufacturing sites and lay off 25,000 employees worldwide. Since we already were experiencing a "reduction in hours" due, management had told us, to excess inventory and flat or declining sales, everyone immediately assumed the worst. Unilever Home & Personal Care-USA announced the following day the closure of its St. Louis plant. "This decision supports the recently announced acceleration of our Path to Growth Strategic Agenda which calls for fewer, more focused regional manufacturing sites. These sites will be selected based on their ability to leverage scale, relevance of the products made and the efficiencies achieved," the company president said. Two hundred thirty-five people will lose their jobs. A month later we have yet to hear anything definite about the future of the Chicago plant. Our wages are relatively high and the buildings are old, which worries us. Rumors abound. An executive from the home and personal care division headquarters in London toured the plant. Local management had us clean and paint for two days in preparation for the visit. No worker thinks that cleaning and painting will make a difference. "I wish they would just make up their minds and get this over with," said one woman. "The economy is good. You'll find another job," said a (Continued on page 3)


To our knowledge, this is the first case and protocol in the literature of paediatric desensitisation to deferasirox following the adverse skin reaction of erythema multiforme major.

Thalassemia is one of the most common genetic conditions globally (1, 2). β thalassemia major results in severe anaemia requiring monthly, life-long red blood cell transfusions with life-long iron chelator therapy required to control ferritin levels (1, 3).

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Wintertime storms in the Snowy Mountains of southeastern Australia provide an interesting circumstance to investigate the effect of atmospheric aerosols on clouds and precipitation. This alpine region forms the catchment for the Snowy Mountains Scheme, which in addition to energy generation, is responsible for the redirection of water to the Murray river for irrigation. Severe droughts in the past decade have put significant pressure on this river system, motivating a cloud seeding research project currently being conducted by Snowy Hydro Ltd, the operators of the Scheme. As a precursor to performing high resolution numerical modelling to investigate the sensitivity of precipitation processes in wintertime storms in the Snowy Mountains region, a climatology of the atmospheric aerosol content is performed. A back-trajectory model, in conjunction with mesoscale meteorological data is used to identify potential aerosol sources for wintertime precipitation events in the Snowy Mountains. The results of this study are to be verified by comparison with microphysical and meteorological data gathered by Snowy Hydro during cloud seeding operations since 2005.


Abstract:Since the end of the 1990s, teachers of all disciplines have been experimenting with content delivered in a hybrid/blended format and entirely online. In the general education field, research—whether empirical or action—has been conducted for a number of years on different aspects of blended and entirely online learning, the term "online learning" typically encompassing both. This essay will provide an overview of developments in online learning at the K–16 levels, in government, and in the private sector, closing with information about technology trends that offer a glimpse into what the language learning field might look like five years from now.


Abstract Three surface treatments were evaluated for their ability to lower the adhesion between lunar simulant dust and AZ93, AlFEP, and AgFEP thermal control surfaces under simulated lunar conditions. Samples were dusted in situ and exposed to a standardized puff of nitrogen gas. Thermal performance before dusting, after dusting, and after part of the dust was removed by the puff of gas, were compared to perform the assessment. None of the surface treatments was found to significantly affect the adhesion of lunar simulants to AZ93 thermal control paint. Oxygen ion beam texturing also did not lower the adhesion of lunar simulant dust to AlFEP or AgFEP. But a workfunction matching coating and a proprietary Ball Aerospace surface treatment were both found to significantly lower the adhesion of lunar simulants to AlFEP and AgFEP. Based on these results, it is recommended that all these two techniques be further explored as dust mitigation coatings for AlFEP and AgFEP thermal control surfaces.


Thinking Tools is a regular feature that introduces pointers on thinking clearly and rigorously. Here we look at a particularly underhand way of avoiding answering a question. It is popular with politicians around the world.


A series of new O~6-BG derivatives (14-21,23-30)were synthesized as inactivators of O~6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT),and their ability to inhibit AGT was preliminary evaluated by MTT with O~6-BG as the control.The result suggested compound 30 displayed a higher activity than O~6-BG.


The azimuthal distributions of light particles ({ital Z}=1,2) with respect to the entrance channel reaction plane are investigated for Ar+V collisions in order to characterize the modes of collective motion in intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions. At a beam energy of 35 MeV/nucleon, light charged particles are found to exhibit an enhanced emission in the reaction plane which increases with the mass of the detected particle. As the beam energy is increased to 100 MeV/nucleon, the anisotropy nearly vanishes, providing insight into the dynamics of these reactions in a transitional energy regime. The observed anisotropy exhibits signatures of two distinct modes of collective motion: attractive mean-field deflection and rotation of the fused system. A microscopic calculation based on mean-field mediated interactions plus nucleon-nucleon collisions reproduces both forms of collective motion and their associated azimuthal anisotropies. The calculation also suggests that the anisotropy due to mean-field deflection is established during the initial stages of the collision.


The "accelerated" chronic lymphocytic leukemia (aCLL) is a relatively rare form of CLL progression. The expanded proliferation centers in aCLL have been associated with adverse prognostic features and propensity to more aggressive behavior with shorter survival.


Abstract This study examines the effect of the use of internet job search (IJS) on individual wages. The data utilized in the study are obtained from the Internet and Computer Use Dictionary in the Current Population Survey of September 2001 and October 2003. An Oaxaca Decomposition is used to examine the extent to which wage differences are influenced by IJS. The results show that accessibility to the internet is a crucial factor in the decision of an individual to utilize the internet for job search activities. However, no clear evidence exists that IJS increases individual wages. Additionally, the study also demonstrates that IJS is subject to self-selection bias. Thus, failure to control for self-selection bias results in a very serious bias in estimation.


Despite their importance, teacher's manuals (TM) have never drawn much attention in language teaching research, and therefore they have not been researched from the perspective of pronunciation teaching. It may be that they have not been perceived as having a role more than being an answer key for student materials (Sheldon, 1987). However, TMs deserve attention since curriculum materials including TMs have a positive impact on teachers' learning and professional development (Grossman & Thompson, 2008). TMs may especially be crucial in supporting teachers in pronunciation teaching since many teachers find this skill challenging because of lack of training (Foote, Holtby, & Derwing, 2011), lack of experience (Burns, 2006), lack of knowledge (Baker & Murphy, 2011), and lack of confidence (Bernat, 2008). This study investigated native and non-native English-speaking teachers' (NEST and NNEST) cognitions – mainly knowledge –in relation to (1) pronunciation teaching and (2) pronunciation teaching materials. In addition, the study explored (3) how teachers used an online teacher's manual (OTM) and (4) what kind of influences the OTM had on pronunciation teachers' cognitions about and confidence in pronunciation teaching. Data of this study for the first two research questions came from the survey responses of 54 teachers (NEST=34; NNEST=20) and interview responses of 24 teachers (NEST=14; NNEST=10). Data for the third and fourth research questions came from the weekly journal responses and the tracking of realtime data use of eight teachers (NEST=5; NNEST=3) who taught with the OTM. Findings showed that native and non-native English-speaking teachers said that lack of subject-matter knowledge or pedagogical content knowledge made pronunciation teaching challenging at times. Lack of knowledge was shown to be influential on their confidence in teaching certain pronunciation features. Examination of teachers' cognitions related to


The anterior tibial muscle was studied experimentally in adult mongrel dogs, subjected to graduated leg lengthening by 1 mm per day for four times 0, 25 mm each, after open transverse osteotomy of leg bones with a chisel and in puppies during the early period of their postnatal development. The morphological signs of the anterior tibial muscle adaptation to graduated distraction of the leg were studied and compared with the signs of the muscle of the same name during postnatal development. The destructive changes in distraction including contractures of different degree were demonstrated to be characteristic of the muscles of the puppies in the period of their early postnatal ontogenesis. The signs of distraction growth, regeneration of the anterior tibial muscle in experimental conditions and during its natural development have the analogous features.


Abstract : A user's manual for an automatic theorem-proving computer program is presented. We here describe how to use the program, which is written in the INTERLISP dialect of LISP. Matters covered include our syntactic conventions; starting up the theorem-prover; defining functions; proving and storing lemmas; undoing previous work; and examining and saving the theorem-prover's state. More than 30 user commands are defined and described. Simple examples are given.


Objective:To establish a method for determination of the content of muscone in Ranjiangduoji capsules.Method:The sample was extracted with absolute ethanol.The samples were determined by a DB-1 column(30 m×0.32 mm,1.00 μm)and detected by FID.The initial column temperature was 150 ℃,then was increased to 230 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃·min-1,then holding for 10 min.The split ratio was 5:1.Result:The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.029136 μg-7.284 μg for muscone(r=0.99985).The average recovery rate was 100.10%(n=6)and RSD was 1.10%.Conclusion:This method is accurate with a good sensitivity and reproducibility.


Mined salt from the underground facility at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) Project is a candidate material for use as backfill around the waste packages and in the underground openings during and after the operational phase. We have conducted a series of hydrostatic and triaxial compression experiments on the time-dependent compaction behavior of crushed salt under nominally dry, ``damp,`` (0.5-3 wt % added water), and brine-saturated conditions. Though the compaction of dry crushed salt is very show in the laboratory, damp salt is likely to compact as rapidly as the mine walls can converge. Drained tests on brine-saturated crushed salt indicate that, though effects associated with saturation do retard consolidation rates slightly, high fractional densities ({ge} 0.95) can still be obtained on laboratory time scales at pressures below lithostatic at the WIPP. Triaxial compression experiments indicate that small deviatoric stresses have little impact on consolidation rates. Micromechanical models for the compaction of dry and damp crushed salt, based on isostatic hot-pressing models, are discussed.


Buried in a work which was itself forgotten Marignolli's account of his mission to China was not disinterred and published until the nineteenth century. The following slips of the pen can be readily corrected when a second edition is called for. Mongke was not the younger brother (p. 69) but the nephew of the Great Khan Ogedei. Tabriz was never in Greater Armenia (p. 69): it was, and still is, the chief town of Persian Azerbaijan. Mongke's ordo, when Rubruck reached it, was not "just west of Karakorum" (p. 132) but a considerable distance to the south. Rubruck himself tells us (Dawson, p. 170) how after the arrival of his party (on the 27th December, 1253) Mongke "only moved camp in a southerly direction twice" and how he then "began to return northwards, that is towards Caracorum." In fact it may be assumed that Mongke passed the winter of 1253-54 where he had passed the previous winter, in the region of a mountain called Otegu Qulan ("Old Wild Ass"). It was here that his uncle Ogedei had died on December 11, 1241, and here in earlier times had been the winter encampment of the protector of the youthful Genghis Khan, Ong Khan, the ruler of the Kereit. Otegii Qulan, which has not been identified, lies somewhere along the lower reaches of the Ongin, on the northern fringes of the Gobi. The illustrations to this first-class piece of haute vulgarisation include a photograph of a page from the so-called "Bible of Marco Polo," a thirteenth century Latin Bible found in China in the seventeenth century which may well have belonged to one of the Franciscan missionaries.


The one unifying, incontrovertible experience shared by all women and men is that months-long period we spent unfolding inside a woman's body. Because young humans remain dependent on nurture for a much longer period than other mammals, and because of the division of labor long established in human groups, where women not only bear and suckle but are assigned almost total responsibility for children, most of us first know both love and disappointment, power and tenderness, in the person of a woman.


Trends in the modern world increasingly lead to the growing popularity of wireless technologies. This is possible due to the rapid development of mobile communications, the Internet gaining high popularity, using wireless networks at enterprises, offices, buildings, etc. It requires advanced network technologies with high throughput capacity to meet the needs of users. To date, a popular destination is the development of spatial signal processing techniques allowing to increase spatial bandwidth of communication channels. The most popular method is spatial coding MIMO to increase data transmission speed which is carried out due to several spatial streams emitted by several antennas. Another advantage of this technology is the bandwidth increase to be achieved without expanding the specified frequency range. Spatial coding methods are even more attractive due to a limited frequency resource. Currently, there is an increasing use of wireless communications (for example, WiFi and WiMAX) in information transmission networks. One of the main problems of evolving wireless systems is the need to increase bandwidth and improve the quality of service (reducing the error probability). Bandwidth can be increased by expanding the bandwidth or increasing the radiated power. Nevertheless, the application of these methods has some drawbacks, due to the requirements of biological protection and electromagnetic compatibility, the increase of power and the expansion of the frequency band is limited. This problem is especially relevant in mobile (cellular) communication systems and wireless networks operating in difficult signal propagation conditions. One of the most effective ways to solve this problem is to use adaptive antenna arrays with weakly correlated antenna elements. Communication systems using such antennas are called MIMO systems (Multiple Input Multiple Output multiple input multiple outputs). At the moment, existing MIMO-idea implementations do not always noticeably accelerate traffic at short distances from the access point, but, they are very effective at long distances. The MIMO principle allows reducing the number of errors in radio data interchange (BER) without reducing the transmission rate under conditions of multiple signal re-reflections. The work aims at developing an adaptive space-time signal algorithm for a wireless data transmission system designed to improve the efficiency of this system, as well as to study the efficiency of the algorithm to minimizing the error bit probability and maximizing the channel capacity.


We propose a new feature called Global Reoccurrence Measure for extracting keywords from a document. It expresses the characteristic of keywords that they reoccur frequently in local areas, and have wide coverage in a document. Experiments show that the global reoccurrence measure can improve the performance of keyword extraction. We also propose a new metric called extraction quality for performance evaluation of keyword extraction.


Based on T-type equivalent circuit,the bifurcation of single induction motor at steady operation state is analyzed and it is found that motor slip at bifurcation point depends on the parameters of motor and its load only,while voltage at bifurcation point further depends on the initial state.By studying the relationship between motor initial slip and motor operation indexes,the rational distribution range of initial slip is derived.Taking the single load and infinite bus system as the studying object,the analysis method for steady operation state of induction motor group is proposed.Under the condition of arithmetic series distributed initial slip and equal initial motor power,the steady operation states of induction motor group are calculated.Their relationships with system operation condition and stalled motor number are studied.Finally,the relation of these analyzed results with the expected steady states of induction motor group or single induction motor under certain stochastic condition are studied.The studied results show that the arithmetic series distributed initial slip and equal initial power approximate both the results of motor group with uniform distributed initial slip and uniform dispatched initial power,and the results of single motor with uniform distributed initial slip.


In order to develop a simple and quick method to detect H1 subtype avian influenza virus(AIV),two pairs of primers were designed according to the sequences of HA gene of H1 subtype AIV,and a nested polymerase chain reaction(nPCR) method was developed for detection of H1 subtype AIV.The specificity and sensitivity test showed that this nPCR was only specific to the H1 subtype AIV and could detect 13.2 fg / μL of AIV RNA.The results demonstrated that the optimized nPCR assay was rapid,specific and sensitive for detection of H1 subtype AIV.


ABSTRACT Aim: The aim is to analyse incidence and prognostic factors for LRR in breast cancer (BC) patients treated with NAC to develop a prognostic score to help for clinical decision-making. Methods: Using our prospective maintained BC database we identified 730 patients treated with NAC between 1998 and 2014. Main patients' characteristics are in table 1. To indentify variables associated with increased LRR rate we performed firstly Kaplan-Meier curves, with comparisons among groups using log-rank test, and then significant variables were included in a multivariante analysis using Cox proportional hazards. The prognostic index was developed by arising score 0 (favourable) or 1 (unfavourable) for each significant variable of multivariate analysis and was created separately for patients with breast conservative surgery (BCS) and mastectomy. Results: At a median follow-up of 72 months, the 6-year cumulative incidence of LRR was 7.2% (±3%) for BCS and 7.9% (± 3%) for mastectomy. By univariate analysis, variables associated with increased LRR were for BCS; HER2-positive, grade III, DCIS, No-pCR (ypTis,ypN0), and age BCS % Mastectomy % 7 11 p.34 cTNM I 3 0 p.00 II 80 48 III 17 52 Histology DCI 90 78 p.00 LCI 10 22 ER + /HER2- 59 66 p.20 HER2 + 27 21 Triple Negative 14 13 Ki67 > 20 12 13 p.24 NAC Anthacyclines + taxanes 64 63 p.57 Trastuzumab 18 17 p.57 PCR 13 10 p.00 RT Breast 98 0 p.00 Chest Wall 0 82 p.00 Internal Mammary 12 32 p.00 Supraclavicular Fose 55 53 p.27 Adjuvant Hormonotherapy 59 68 p.00 Conclusions: The score enabled the identification of a group (7%) of patients with high risk of LRR, and who may benefit from alternative or additional treatment. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


A variety of biologically active compounds with unique structures and pharmacological properties have been reported to occur in marine organisms. Demospongiae, an important class of marine sponge is known for producing the largest number and diversity of secondary metabolites isolated till recent times. The review covers the diverse class of bioactive compounds isolated for therapeutic drug applications from different marine organisms. It is an attempt to update the marine research community with results of our ongoing search for bioactive secondary metabolites from marine sponge Spongosorites halichondriodes which has exhibited antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity in our studies. Spongosorites halichondriodes (order Halichondrida, family Halichondriidae) is a predominant marine sponge collected from west coast of Mumbai, India. The sponge S. halichondriodes has shown presence of Octadecadienoic acid (Linoleic acid), ergostan tetraen-ol, dihydroxy cholanoicmethyl esters,C28 saturated and unsaturated esters like 3β, 4β, 7α, 12α-tetrahydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid methyl ester, 7α, 12βdihydroxy-5βcholan24-oic acid methyl ester, novel isocoumarin citrinolactone A, a triterpenoid glycyrrhetinic acid as well as other unknown compounds such as nucleoside inosine.


The structural, electronic, and thermoelectric transport properties of two‐dimensional (2D) NiO2 are investigated with the help of combined density functional theory and semi‐classical Boltzmann transport equations. Formation energy and phonon dispersion are in support of the chemical and dynamical stability of NiO2. Calculations reveal the semiconducting nature of the monolayer with indirect band‐gap of 1.65 eV. Based on the electronic band structure, the variation of transport properties with chemical potential (μ) at different temperatures (300, 500, and 700 K) are explored. Elastic constant, deformation potential constants, and effective masses are calculated to obtain the exact value of relaxation time and mobility of charge carriers at different temperatures. The maximum value of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity is −2674 μVK−1 and 9.92 × 105 Sm−1, respectively, while the peak value of electronic thermal conductivity is 7.22 Wm−1 K−2 leading to ZT of 0.506. The transport properties indicate that the monolayer can be used efficiently for collective response of transport properties.


The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the concepts of object-oriented programming can be applied to the finite element method, and to illustrate the advantages of this approach. The basic concepts of the object-oriented programming method are also presented. A 3-D magnetostatic program that uses nodal elements and edge elements has been developed and implemented using the C++ language. >


Abstract : The present research employed a performance measurement test bed to investigate the influence of training principles on rating accuracy. In one experiment, cognitive modeling principles were utilized to train raters. In comparison to control groups, cognitive modeling training improved rater knowledge of appropriate behaviors to rate, but this training did not improve rating accuracy. In the second experiment, feedback, feedforward, and target score information were manipulated to train raters in the 'how and why' of rating. In comparison to controls, this information did not improve rating accuracy. In both experiments, however, rating accuracy was quite high, and it was recommended that the control training procedures should be used in field settings. Keywords: Accuracy; Cognitive modeling; Feedback; Feedforward; Measurement test bed; Rater training; Validity; Work performance.


SUBCLAVIAN VENEPUNCTUlqE was first described by Aubaniac in 1952.1 There have been a number of reports since then by DeBoscoli, 2 Regnault, 3 Keeri-Szanto, 4 Lemoine and Tastet, 5 Michaux, s and Piscitelli. 7 Keeri-Szanto reported a series of subclavian vein punctures performed at autopsy, with success of 94 per cent of 139 attempts. Asbbaugh in 1963 described 19 patients in whom subclavian catheters were used, and included among the advantages of this technique the ability to infuse blood and fluids rapidly, to monitor central venous pressure and to adminster hypertonic solutions without producing phlebitis or venous thrombosis. He reported four patients who had catheters in place for fourteen days or more. However, the catheters were changed every three days from one side to the other. He reported only one complication, that of pneumothorax in one patient. He listed other potential complications including division of the catheter, failure to insert the catheter into the vein, haemothorax, hydrothorax, septicaemia, and vein thrombosis. In 1963, Davidson is reported the use of this technique in 100 patients, the youngest of whom was three and one-half yearsl He reported six failures. He also reported the use of the supraclavicular route in 130 patients with no failures. In 1965, Matz n reported six patients who developed complications with this technique, five being pneumothorax and one a hydrothorax. Also in 1965, Smith, Modell, Gaub and Moya TM reported that eight of 200 patients developed complications with this technique. They observed three haemothoraces, two pneumothoraces with subcutaneous emphysema requiring tracheostomy, one brachial plexus palsy, one septicaemia from local cellulitis, and one subcutaneous haematoma. This report reviews experience with subclavian vein catheterization in a series of 765 patients over a period of seven years. The youngest patient was three days and the oldest 81 years. The catheters were kept in place on the average for one to six days although occasionally they were left in longer primarily for fluid and feeding therapy.


Lateral column lengthening (LCL) is a procedure that has been used for many years to address flatfoot deformity. However, it is associated with several risks including overcorrection and excessive stiffness. LCL is often preferred over hindfoot fusions as it preserves motion. Herein, LCL, by way of using the stepcut osteotomy, is described in detail. Use of operative guidance tools, such as trial metal wedges and a hindfoot alignment radiographic assessment can significantly improve correction of the deformity, leading to more successful outcomes. Auxiliary procedures that may be combined with LCL such as medial slide calcaneal osteotomy and spring ligament reconstruction are discussed as well.


This research is motivated by the problems found in class VII MTsN 1 Pasaman Barat that students' motivation is low in learning, and student learning outcomes are still below the KKM.This study aims to determine whether the Accelerated Learning learning model has an effect on student motivation and learning outcomes in class VII MTsN 1 Pasaman Barat in the 2021/2022 school year. This research is a type of pre-experimental research with the research design of The Static Group Comparison Design. The results showed that the students' motivation to learn mathematics was processed using the t-test at a significant level = 0.05, the t-count t-table value was 1.68 and using Minitab software the P-Value = 0.020 = 0.05 so that H0 was rejected. and H1 is accepted. So, it can be concluded that the Accelerated Learning learning model has a significant effect on the learning motivation of class VII MTsN 1 Pasaman Barat students in the 2021/2022 academic year. Students' mathematics learning outcomes were processed using the t-test at a real level = 0.05, the value of tcount ttable was 1.68 and from Minitab Software calculations obtained P-Value = 0.010 = 0.05 so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. So, it can be concluded that the Accelerated Learning learning model has a significant effect on the learning outcomes of class VII MTsN 1 Pasaman Barat students in the 2021/2022 academic year.


Important Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) scenarios such as ensuring middlebox fault tolerance or elasticity require redistribution of internal middlebox state. While many useful frameworks exist today for migrating/ cloning internal state, they require modifications to middlebox code to identify needed state. is process is tedious and manual, hindering the adoption of such frameworks. We present a framework-independent system, StateAlyzr, that embodies novel algorithms adapted from program analysis to provably and automatically identify all state that must be migrated/cloned to ensure consistent middlebox output in the face of redistribution. We find that StateAlyzr reducesman-hours required for code modification by nearly 20×. We apply State-Alyzr to four open source middleboxes and find its algorithms to be highly precise. We find that a large amount of, but not all, live state matters toward packet processing in these middleboxes. StateAlyzr's algorithms can reduce the amount of state that needs redistribution by 600- 8000× compared to naive schemes.


Introduction: Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is considered to be the single-agent of first choice for patients with recurrent ovarian cancer following paclitaxel/carboplatin-based chemotherapy. However, this drug is associated with a local inflammatory tissue reaction, called palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE). A new liposomal formulation, known as Liposome Encapsulated Doxorubicin Citrate (LEDC), has been developed in the past decades to limit PPE. In this study we report our experience with LEDC in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who discontinued doxil due to severe PPE.
Methods: The present retrospective study included 43 patients with recurrent ovarian cancer who were treated with LEDC administered at the dose of 50 mg/mq every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Version 3. Response was graded according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST).
Results: A total of 32 patients completed planned 6 cycles of chemotherapy. A complete response was achieved in 6%, partial response in 20%, stable disease in 37% and progression in 9% of patients. No cutaneous toxicity was reported.
Conclusion: LEDC is a well tolerated drug and a valid therapeutic option for patients with ovarian cancer suffering from doxil-related cutaneous toxicity.


Memory, Imagination, Justice: Intersections of Law and Literature is a highly-recommended read. It has several merits in that it not only offers a useful wide-ranging reference point for academic and practising lawyers, philosophers and sociologists, it also provides a provocative and engaging addition to the existing body of literary jurisprudence.


Before I can offer suggestions about what research is needed in business writing, I should first explain what I mean by research. Although the terms now generates a glowing magical reaction on university campuses, and, indeed, in business, I'm afraid I can't share the new enthusiasm for it. Jacques Barzun gave several amusing examples of the positive use of the term in an article that I am indebted to, &dquo;The Cults of 'Research' and 'Creativity' &dquo; in HARPER'S, October, 1960. He obscrved that a professor or businessman who mentions that he is engaged in research gets a quick positive response. Few listeners today would question what good will come from the research or even bother to find out what the subject of the research is. In describing how the word research is used in business, Barzun notes that it may refer to looking at documents, adding up results of a questionnaire, combining replies to interviews, or &dquo;mailing out three different styles of flyers and meditating on the


By analysing the mould operating parameters which affect the billet quality,the paper gave out the mould optimatic characteristics. cooling water and oscillation parameters, and also described the key aspects of the caster maintenance which have influence on the billet quality.


ABSTRACT All groups G with trivial central units in ℤG are classified. This was done for finitegroups by Ritter and Sehgal [Ritter, J., Sehgal, S. K. (1990). Integral group rings with trivial central units. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 108:327–329].


The case study in this article offers a descriptive account of challenges involved in teaching Australian Curriculum content in the common teaching context in remote communities where an Indigenous language is spoken as the everyday form of communication and students learn English in what is essentially a foreign language setting. An on-theground description of the work of a Primary school teaching team servesto illustrate the language teaching aspect of delivering Australian Curriculum content in areas such as History, Geography and Science. This aspect of the teaching team's work is underestimated in the curriculum itself and in the guidance provided to teachers, yet is essential for student learning in this context. While the team draws on students' L1 and early L2 English proficiency abilities to teach curriculum content, this work is not expedited from outside their classroom. An analysis of current curriculum offerings and the teaching team's approaches finds that they receive little direction for the extensive language planning required. The findings suggest an urgent need for tailor-made curriculum and teacher guidance which better recognise this dual language context. This article canvases different curriculum settings that would alleviate this situation considerably, not only for this teaching team but for others in similar remote schools.


The influence of small amounts of molecular impurities on the properties of a noble-gas alkali-seeded MHD plasma has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theory has been used to calculate the apparent electrical conductivity, the electron temperature, the electron number density, and the vibrational temperature in a stationary, homogeneous argon-cesium MHD plasma with addition of nitrogen. The agreement between theory and experiment was found to be reasonable. Two kinds of molecular impurities, N2 and CO2, have been studied experimentally as the contaminants in a shock tube MHD generator. In two series of experiments, one at low and one at high stagnation temperature, the concentration of N 2 was varied over the range 0-2% and the concentration of CO 2 over the range 0-0.4%. In all cases the magnetic field was 3 T. The amounts of impurities which cause a reduction in electrical power output of about 30-40% were found to be the following: at low stagnation temperature, 2000-4000 ppm N2 and 80-120 ppm CO2; at high stagnation temperature, 8000-9000 ppm N2 and 700-1000 ppm CO2. The current distribution in the channel, the electron temperature, and number density as well as the apparent electrical conductivity were measured.


In soil solutions and natural waters, aluminium (Al) may exist in a number of complexes, all in dynamic equilibrium. They can be divided into monomeric, polymeric, particle and colloidal species (monomeric or polynuclear aluminium termed as MA or PA respectively), depending on aluminiferous mineral composition, soil base saturation, solution pH, pHdependent solubility and adsorption relationships, as well as the presence of different inorganic and organic ligands /1-4/. Monomeric Al species are the dominant species in equilibrium with Al (hydr)oxide minerals such as gibbsite etc., as calculated by the available equilibrium constants. With natural increase of pH, the formation of PA, e.g. A l n , is thermodynamically and kinetically possible if the ion activity quotient ([Al]/[H]) exceeds 10, or if the total Al(III) (referred to as A1T) is higher than 10' mol-L" at pH 4 to 6. The polymeric and/or colloidal Al species can be observed in those natural acid soil solutions and stream waters saturated with mineral phases /4-6/. As shown in laboratory experiments, the rate of A l n formation is faster than the rate of AI(OH)3 precipitation 111. Both consistency and forms of the dissolved Al are dependent upon vegetable species, seasonal dynamics and rhizosphere activity.


Medical records of patients from the Health Insurance Administering Body (BPJS) consist of complete patient data along with a complex history of patient services stored in every health facility. Inpatient medical record data contains important data as well as contains useful information as new knowledge using data mining techniques. This study aims to assist and provide new information related to the clustering of BPJS inpatients at the Arifin Achmad Hospital, Riau Province, so as to obtain information related to the spread of the patient's disease. The data used are medical records of inpatients in 2021. The data obtained are then processed using the K-Means clustering algorithm with a total of 3 clusters. The study resulted in cluster K1 dominated by Malignant neoplasm, breast, unspecified (C50.9) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, unspecified type (C85.9) disease. Cluster K2 is dominated by fracture of neck of femur, closed (S71.00) and Dengue haemorrhagic fever (A91).


This paper pertains to the existing challenges of cybersecurity, along with its threats in the future. On the other hand, the internet is expanding every day, and attackers see it as an opportunity to exploit people over the internet. In the future, this can lead to severe consequences in the coming time. This review paper reflects the challenges faced in cybersecurity and the terrible consequences of cyber threats in the future.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sulphur-containing fullerene derivatives of general formula , where X denotes a negative charge (-) which is localised on the fullerene backbone, or a hydrogen atom (H) or a chlorine atom (Cl), where in general formula 1, the fragment S-R 1 is defined as a residue of thio acid or ester thereof, which is bound to the fullerene backbone through a sulphur atom as shown graphically in formula 1, and R 1 has the formula XCOOR; X is a linear or branched alkylene (C n H 2n ; n=1-20) radical; R is a hydrogen atom (H), a linear or branched alkyl (C n H 2n+1 ; n=1-20), an alkenyl (C n H 2n-1 n=1-20) or alkynyl radical (C n H 2n-3 ; n=1-20); is a residue of an amide of thio acid which is bound to the fullerene backbone through a sulphur atom as shown graphically in formula 1, where R 1 has the formula XCONRR'; X is a linear or branched alkylene (C n H 2n ; n=1-20) radical; R and R' are hydrogen atoms or linear or branched alkyl (C n H 2n+1 ; n=1-20) radicals; a thiol residue, where R 1 is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl (C n H 2n+1 n=1-20) radical or a saturated (C n H 2n-2 ; n=3-8) ring; a fragment of general formula -S(CH 2 ) n SR, bound to the fullerene backbone thorugh a sulphur atom as shown graphically in formula 1, where R is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl (C n H 2n+1 ; n=1-20), alkenyl (C n H 2n-1 ; n=1-20) or alkynyl radical (C n H 2n-3 ; n=1-20), as well as a saturated (C n H 2n-2 ; n=3-8), unsaturated (C n H 2n-4 ; n=5-8, C n H 2n-6 ; n=5-8, C n H 2n-8 ; n=8) or an aromatic ring; a fragment of general formula -S(CH 2 ) n NRR or -S(CH 2 ) n N + RR'R"X", which is bound to the fullerene backbone through a sulphur atom as shown graphically in formula 1, where R, R and R" are hydrogen atoms or linear or branched alkyl (C n H 2n+1 n=1-20) radicals; as well as saturated (C n H 2n-2 ; n=3-8) rings; X" is any anion. The invention also relates to a method of producing said compounds. EFFECT: novel compounds are obtained, which can be used in biomedical research and in pharmacology, as well as in organic photovoltaics. 3 cl, 26 dwg, 14 ex