The rapid popularization of digital cameras and mobile phone cameras has lead to an explosive growth of consumer photo collections. In this paper, we present a (quasi) real-time textual query based personal photo retrieval system by leveraging millions of web images and their associated rich textual descriptions (captions, categories, etc.). After a user provides a textual query (e.g., "pool"), our system exploits the inverted file method to automatically find the positive web images that are related to the textual query "pool" as well as the negative web images which are irrelevant to the textual query. Based on these automatically retrieved relevant and irrelevant web images, we employ two simple but effective classification methods, k Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and decision stumps, to rank personal consumer photos. To further improve the photo retrieval performance, we propose three new relevance feedback methods via cross-domain learning. These methods effectively utilize both the web images and the consumer images. In particular, our proposed cross-domain learning methods can learn robust classifiers with only a very limited amount of labeled consumer photos from the user by leveraging the pre-learned decision stumps at interactive response time. Extensive experiments on both consumer and professional stock photo datasets demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our system, which is also inherently not limited by any predefined lexicon.


In supporting the management of Tahura Minas Sultan Syarif Hasyim to ensure the visitor's safety and security while doing an activity on it, it is necessary to make efforts to improve the management of Tahura Minas. One of them is safety management for administrators and visitors. The objective of this study is to analyze the sources of danger that existed in Tahura Minas Sultan Syarif Hasyim through the forms of visitor activities on it and the locations frequently visited by the visitor. This research was built by using survey, observation and interview with the administrator of Tahura.  The research result found that the safety management of visitors on Tahura Minas Sultan Syarif Hasyim has not been fully implemented. Even though in some areas have been implemented,  it needs a written document in the form of SOPs, regulations, and commitments which is manifested in the implementation of field safety management. Four locations frequently visited by visitors are the playing ground, camping ground, nursery, and education area. These locations can not be separated from the sources of danger originating from the environment, vegetation, natural disasters, wild animals, and dangerous visitor activities.


This chapter explores some of the benefits and challenges of tracing the trajectories of the apocalyptic tradition into Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages - in their variety and vitality and in their rich and varied connections to Second Temple Judaism. In this chapter, the author makes a tentative foray into Armenian apocryphal traditions related to the figure of Enoch and to the Second Temple Jewish apocalypses penned in his name. Just, we might posit that Enoch was granted only a generic role as eschatological prophet - perhaps best explained as the extension of the comments in Jude and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs on the model of the visions in Daniel and Revelation. There are indeed notable parallels between treatments of antediluvian history in Syriac and Armenian sources. Keywords: antediluvian history; Armenian apocryphal traditions; Enoch; eschatological prophet; Second Temple Judaism


For functions, which belong to different (continuous, Lipschitz, difference-sublinear, piecewise-linear) subspaces of the space of positively homogeneous functions, we prove the existence and establish the characteristic properties of a two-index family of linear functions which provides simultaneously both minimax and maximin representations of such functions.


Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of business group characteristics on firm‐operating performance in Chile. Design/methodology/approach Using a multiple regression model, this study examines the effect of business group characteristics (interlocking of directors, management concentration, and business group specialization) on operating performance (ROA growth) in a sample of 104 publicly traded Chilean firms. Findings It is documented that, except for interlocking of directors, the two other business group characteristics (management concentration and business group specialization) are significantly related to the operating performance of firms belonging to Chilean business groups. These findings suggest that Chilean business groups would improve or deteriorate the performance of their affiliated firms modifying its characteristics. Originality/value Too little is known about the effect of business group characteristics on firm‐operating performance in Latin American countries suc...


According to Foucault, all discursive production implies some kind of will to knowledge. We propose to investigate the type of discourse produced by the philosopher and the type of will that it implies. Understand the speech of Foucault as an experiment that correlates what is said as truth and subjectivity explains what the philosopher himself spoke about this subject. In this paper, we investigated the type of discourse produced by the philosopher and the type of will or subjectivity that underpins it. We will see that the discursive production of Foucault can be a proof that what we are and what we say are not restricted to the order of submission, appeasement, identity and universality. For Foucault, subjectivity is in constant formation and transformation and what we say not only gives us access to truth, but, above all, change our way of being.


The scale invariant nature of crustal heterogeneity has been established through direct measurements of rock properties and inferences from geophysical observations. We examine the behavior of crustal density variations over length scales from centimeters to hundreds of kilometers using well‐logs, surface rock samples and observed gravity data. The three data types support a simple model of an isotropic, scaling crust with density characterized by a power‐law spectral behavior.


Two−dimensional polyacryiamide gel electrophoresis (2−D PAGE) has been widely used for protein separation because of its high resolution; more than one thousand proteins or polypeptides can be separated according to the differences of their isoelectric point (pI) and molecular mass. However, 2−D PAGE involves many steps of manual handling, sample injection, setting gel molds in an electrophoresis apparatus, removal gels from the molds, staining and destaining, etc. For quantitative analysis of protein on stained gels, more steps of manual handling are required in computer−assisted image analysis, densitometry [1−3]. On the other hand, there are non−gel separation methods of proteins such as HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE). Although these methods have an advantage that they can be automated, it is difficult to separate complex protein mixtures into individual protein peaks or fractions employing only one of these separation methods [3]. Therefore, multi dimensional separation systems have been reported for protein analysis, employing a non−gel separation method at the last dimension of the separation [4−8]. However, it is preferable to combine a method which separate proteins according to pI differences with the one which separate according to molecular mass in order to correlate the analysis results with the protein information accumulated during these 25 years using 2−D PAGE. We have established the conditions of SDS−CE, using linear polyacrylamide (LPA) as a sieving matrix, to separate human plasma proteins according to their size differences [9]. About 30 UV (230 nm) absorbing peaks and shoulders were detected within 60 min when fused silica capillaries of 30 cm effective length and an automated CE apparatus were employed. These results showed that this method is suited as the last step of multi−dimensional separation of proteins. In this paper, we report on two−dimensional separation of human plasma proteins combining agarose gel isoelectric focusing (IEF) with SDS−CE. Proteins were separated under non−denaturing conditions in an agarose gel IEF column, the gel was dissected into 32 slices, then the proteins were extracted from the gel slices and subjected to SDS−CE. The multiple CE patOriginal


Remote sensing object detection is a difficult task because it often requires real-time feedback through numerous objects in complex environments. In object detection, Feature Pyramids Networks (FPN) have been widely used for better representations based on a multi-scale problem. However, the multiple level features cause detectors' structures to be complex and makes redundant calculations that slow down the detector. This paper uses a single-layer feature to make the detection lightweight and accurate without relying on Feature Pyramid Structures. We proposed a method called the Cross Stage Partial Strengthen Matching Detector (StrMCsDet). The StrMCsDet generates a single-level feature map architecture in the backbone with a cross stage partial network. To provide an alternative way of replacing the traditional feature pyramid, a multi-scale encoder was designed to compensate the receptive field limitation. Additionally, a stronger matching strategy was proposed to make sure that various scale anchors may be equally matched. The StrMCsDet is different from the conventional full pyramid structure and fully exploits the feature map which deals with a multi-scale encoder. Methods achieved both comparable precision and speed for practical applications. Experiments conducted on the DIOR dataset and the NWPU-VHR-10 dataset achieved 65.6 and 73.5 mAP on 1080 Ti, respectively, which can match the performance of state-of-the-art works. Moreover, StrMCsDet requires less computation and achieved 38.5 FPS on the DIOR dataset.


Perioperative pain control presents a serious challenge for the practicing surgeon. Surgeons need to be able to diagnose pain and be cognizant of the common and rare painful conditions that present perioperatively so they can manage them effectively. This book assists surgeons in the safe perioperative care from preoperative evaluation to laboratory tests, imaging orders, and interpretations for patients with both acute pain and chronic pain undergoing surgery. It focuses on how to solve common dilemmas facing surgeons who are managing patients with pain-related problems and assists in clinical decision-making. Chapters explore essential topics such as diagnosing pain and painful conditions, determining the feasibility and safety of surgical procedures needed, and arranging for advanced pain management consults and care if needed. Surgeons are often required to be involved in managing the perioperative pain of their patients The book written by practicing experts in the field from all over the world is a quick reference guide to especially enable surgeons and allied health care physicians to provide safe pain control in the perioperative period to their patients.


Abstract Language-specific phonotactic restrictions modulate the perception of L1 and L2 sound structures. However, sonority-driven onset markedness is also known to affect listeners' perception of onset clusters; onsets of large sonority distances elicit more accurate perception than those of small sonority distances (e.g., bl versus bd versus lb, Berent et al. 2007). Although English admits only onset sequences of a large sonority rise, certain prohibited onset clusters can emerge due to word-initial schwa deletion (e.g., banana [bnǽnə], potato [ptéɪɾoʊ]). The study investigated whether native and non-native listeners were perceptually sensitive to the sonority-based onset markedness as well as to legal versus illegal English onset clusters resulting from word-initial schwa deletion. Native English, Korean, and Japanese listeners completed identity judgment tests with auditory nonce words. The nonce words contained ill-formed as well as well-formed onsets resulting from initial schwa deletion and ill-formed onsets were further divided into onsets of a sonority rise, flat, and fall. The results of accuracy tests indicated that all the listener groups differentiated between well-formed and ill-formed English onset clusters and response latency showed a similar trend. The results also revealed that the listeners showed an illusionary vowel effect as a function of the onset markedness irrespective of their L1s.


A concept of geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar(SAR) is presented in this paper for the increasing requirements of the timely global observation and urgent requests for fast reaction to burst events.Through the analysis of motive paths of geosynchronous satellite,the method for obtaining relative motions between geosynchronous satellite and the ground by means of controlling orbit inclination,eccentricity and radius error is verified.This forms the basis for implementing SAR imaging when radar operates on the geosynchronous orbit.Moreover,observational performance of geosynchronous SAR satellite is studied and analyzed.The adoption of geosynchronous SAR is an ideal technical approach for short repetitive observation period and real-time applications especially for large-area spot and continuous observation.


Introduction Cake manufacturers face a major problem of lipid oxidation and mould growth which limits shelf-life of their product. The use of antioxidant and preservatives can reduce this problem [1]. The antioxidants most frequently used are synthetic phenols such as butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyl anisole (BHA) and propyl gallate [2]. However the safety of these synthetic antioxidants and preservatives has been questioned due to toxicity, liver damage and carcinogenicity. Therefore development and use of safer antioxidants from natural sources are of interest because of possible negative effects of synthetic food additives on human health [3]. Some studies have disclosed the potential sources of natural antioxidants for the bakery products [3]. The keeping quality of baked foods such as crackers, cookies and biscuits is of great economic importance since these products are widely used and are often stored for extended periods before consumption. The spices most commonly used in bakery products are cinnamon, mint, mace cloves, poppy and sesame [4]. Abstract In recent years, essential oils have been qualified as natural antioxidants and proposed as potential substitutes of synthetic antioxidants in food preservation. The safety of the synthetic antioxidants has been doubted. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficiency of Zingiber Officinale essential oil as antioxidant agent and use in cake preservation as a natural plant preservative due to the harmful effects of synthetic antioxidants. Cakes were treated with Zingiber Officinale essential oil in three levels (0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%), cakes were treated with synthetic antioxidant (tert butyl hydroquinine= TBHQ) in two levels (0.01%, 0.02%) agents. In all samples peroxide value, acidity test were determined at time intervals 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days. Statistical results showed that, the sample containing Zingiber Officinale at 0.5%, had good antioxidant activity in comparison with the control samples (without any synthetic and natural antioxidant agents) (p<0.01). But its activity was less than that of synthetic ones TBHQ as antioxidant agent. Results showed that this essential oil could be used as natural antioxidant in foodstuffs especially those lipid containing.


Strength, fatigue resistance, and zero-stress aging behavior control the long-term mechanical reliability of optical fibers. Zero-stress aging refers to the loss of strength of high-strength glass fibers after exposure to some corrosive environments in the absence of stress. Understanding the effect of the chemical environment under zero stress on the subsequent fracture strength of optical fibers is important because optical fibers in service will probably encounter water and other chemical species while exposed to zero- or low-stress conditions. In this work, the strength of fibers aged under zero-stress conditions at 80°C in deionized water has been measured. Scanning tunneling microscopy was also used to measure the roughening of the fibers from corrosion at intervals during the aging. The product of the median inert strength of fibers aged for various times and the square root of the roughness depth of fibers was constant within experimental error. The results show that surface roughening contributes to zero-stress aging in silica fibers.


The partition around medoids (PAM) algorithm is a robust and flexible unsupervised learning algorithm that depends on the underlying distance and default distance metric is Euclidean distance. The PAM algorithm is more efficient than K-Mean since medoids assess a minimum distance from the other objects. In this study, we have integrated the Mahalanobis distance with PAM algorithm, since Mahalanobis distance has been defined in cluster analysis for different applications and is used to overcome the problem of scaling and correlation with Euclidean distance. However, the performance of PAM algorithm based on Mahalanobis distance was found to be inadequate when employed on selected microarray expression datasets, which were pre-processed prior to the analyses. We proposed an enhanced PAM algorithm based on the weighted and normalized Mahalanobis distance, and the results obtained using our proposed algorithm reveal an ultimate cluster solution for selected microarray datasets. The algorithms were evaluated using the Dunn's validity index.


Abstract To provide all states and communities access to useful data for profiling local conditions for the newly required Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategies (CHAS), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) plans to make available special tabulations of 1990 and 1980 decennial census data. HUD is soliciting public comment about both the content of the tabulations and the proposed CHAS format. Using data from the 1989 American Housing Survey, this paper introduces the special tabulations being planned and suggests ways in which their data may prove helpful in determining CHAS priorities for housing investment.


Objective: To describe the features of the giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma on spiral CT. Method: During five years, we evaluated 21 patients with 21 giant hepatic cavernous hemangiomas using computed spiral tomography, and 16 and 64 channel multi-slice tomography. The series included 18 women (86%) and 3 men (14%) with a mean age of 45 years. Results: The mean average size of the hemangiomas was 10.4 cm. Non-enhanced computed tomography showed 21 hemangiomas with lower density than the adjacent hepatic parenchyma, all of them containing a low-density central cleft area. No calcifications or internal septations were observed. On the enhanced multi-slice spiral tomography, all lesions demonstrated a globular, peripheral enhancing pattern with centripetal filling beginning in the arterial phase and continuing into the portal and delayed phases. None of the lesions showed complete filling. The degree of enhancement was the same as that of the aorta in all phases. Conclusion: Giant hepatic cavernous hemangiomas show low attenuation on non-enhanced computed tomography. Central cleft areas are seen very frequently. The enhancement pattern is characteristic, starting at the periphery with centripetal filling, but never complete.


【Objective】The study was done in order to explore the effect of natural sunlight hours on soybean yield and chemical quality in the pod stage,and to provide reference for cultural practices of high yield and superior quality soybean with high oil or protein content.【Method】The effect of different sunlight hours controlled by human on soybean yield,oil and protein content was conducted in the field with random blocks design.【Result】The results showed that the effects of different sunlight hours on soybean yield and chemical quality with high oil or protein content(Dongnong 434 and Dongnong 42)were different.Soybean yield of the two cultivars declined evidently with shortened sunlight hours in the pod stage,and declined level of Dongnong 42 was higher than that of Dongnong 434.Oil and protein content of the two cultivars were not changed distinctly,and gross contents of oil and protein of Dongnong 434 and Dongnong 42 were improved by proper shortened sunlight hours in the pod stage.【Conclusion】These indicated that the effect of natural sunlight hours in the pod stage on soybean yield was visible,but that of chemical quality wasn't obvious.


SYNTHETIC glycerophosphates have been known for many years and have been prepared in several ways. The acid may exist in two isomeric forms, oa and /. Carre [1903] showed that glycerol when esterified with phosphoric acid at 1050 yielded almost entirely monoglycerylphosphoric acid. At higher temperatures further condensation took place. Later Power and Tutin [1905] prepared synthetic glycerylphosphates by a similar method and also obtained the mono-derivatives. Poulenc Freres [1907] showed that a well-crystallised sodium glycerylphosphate could be prepared by heating monosodium phosphate with two molecular proportions of glycerol and hydrolysing the resulting di-ester with sodium hydroxide. All these methods yielded mixtures of oa- and 3-glycero-phosphates.


The Idaho Chemical Processing Plant currently stores irradiated nuclear fuel in fuel storage basins. Historically, fuel has been stored for over 30 years. During the 1970`s, an algae problem occurred which required higher levels of chemical treatment of the basin water to maintain visibility for fuel storage operations. This treatment led to higher levels of chlorides than seen previously which cause increased corrosion of aluminum and carbon steel, but has had little effect on the stainless steel in the basin. Corrosion measurements of select aluminum fuel storage cans, aluminum fuel storage buckets, and operational support equipment have been completed. Aluminum has exhibited good general corrosion rates, but has shown accelerated preferential attack in the form of pitting. Hot dipped zinc coated carbon steel, which has been in the basin for approximately 40 years, has shown a general corrosion rate of 4 mpy, and there is evidence of large shallow pits on the surface. A welded Type 304 stainless steel corrosion coupon has shown no attack after 13 years exposure. Galvanic couples between carbon steel welded to Type 304 stainless steel occur in fuel storage yokes exposed to the basin water. These welded couples have shown galvanic attack as well as hot weld cracking and intergranular cracking. The intergranular stress corrosion cracking is attributed to crevices formed during fabrication which allowed chlorides to concentrate.


In view of the problems existed in the identification of radar PRI modes,a new group of the 2D eigenvector is presented to make the identification for five typical PRI modes,namely,the constant,jittered,staggered,grouping,and sliding PRIs.The simulation results indicate that the method is of high identification rate,providing a new idea for the engineering applications.


According to speed sensorless vector control of Asynchronous motor for Cascaded high voltage inverter, a model reference adaptive system (MRAS) implemented in two phase rotating reference frame was studied to identify the rotor speed of an asynchronous motor. To eliminate the inherent limitations of MRAS in two phase stationary reference frame, the reference model and adjustable model used in this MRAS scheme are composed of an improved rotor flux voltage model and rotor flux current model in two phase rotating reference frame respectively. Simulation and experimental results show that the vector control system can estimate the flux and speed with good accuracy, and run with good static and dynamic performance in start, speed regulation and steady operation.


A highly accurate theoretical approach, based on exact and quasiexact sum rules, is presented for the averaged two-body correlation function of the hard-disk solid. Excellent results are obtained as compared to computer simulations for this function. However, when these results are used as the basis for a first-order perturbation theory, the phase diagram of the two-dimensional square-well model potential is only reproduced qualitatively, showing that higher-order correlation terms play a non-negligible role in two dimensions.


Abstract IT IS useful to know how long it takes food to pass through the digestive tract. In order to maintain high productivity the hen must be constantly converting feed. The best converters of the feed nutrients are those individuals which digest their feed the best and empty the tract quickly so that additional feed can be consumed. The rate of passage of feed through the digestive tract has been expressed in various ways such as the time required to empty the crop, the lapse of time before the feed appears in the droppings and the time required to completely clear the digestive tract. There is considerable variation in the reported results concerning the rate of feed passage through the digestive tract of the hen. This no doubt is due to the fact that the rate is influenced by many factors, such as the amount of feed consumed, the mechanical condition . . .


In this chapter the author explores teacher preparation as the logical site for cultivating praxis for secondary inclusive education. The author describes a university course on inclusive education for preparing critical special education teachers. The author offers disability studies in education (DSE) as a theoretical framework for supporting critical thought and creating just and inclusive educational practices for students with disabilities in P-21 settings. The author then outlines two themes that ground the architectural design of the course: re/thinking students (person-first narratives of disability) and re/ designing pedagogy (Universal Design for Learning). According to Smith (2009), DSE "sees oppression and prejudice in sociocultural contexts and seeks to address those concerns" (p. 215). In preparing critical special educators it is our job to help students not only "see" the oppression of exclusion, but to provide them with concrete ways to create change and remain resilient.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency the P.E teachers give feedback in prinmary schools. In this study, 20 primary school teachers were observed. To conduct a more detailed observation, the teachers classess were videotaped. The requency that feedback was given to the students was measured case by case on a meacurement scale. The KNUS was used as a basis for these meacurements. Data were processed by SAS statistic program. Feedback patterns such as positive feedback, negative feedback, general feedback were examined separately.
The results are as follows:
First, the frequency of feedback did not differ between male and remale teachers.
Second, among the above mentioned feedback patterns, teachers provided General Feekback I most. However, the occurrence of positive feedback, which has a significant influence of the learning provess, was lower than any other pattern, which menas that teachers have neglected to provided an encouraging calss environment.
Third, the results from the study also show that feedback has not been used effectively as a facilitator for learning, since non-concrete feedback has been more often proviede than concrete feedback .


With the rapid development of China's aviation industry, the demand for aviation maintenance is increasing. Due to its importance in aviation transportation safety, the professional standards of aviation maintenance are higher than other industries and thus requires special training to foster expertise. Aiming at the supply and demand of professionals in the field of aviation maintenance in China, this paper analyzes the problems in personnel training of aviation maintenance specialty. It also puts forward a construction plan for aviation maintenance specialty under the structure of "Integration of Industry and Education," in order to guarantee highly-skilled professionals in aviation industry.


A common-mode filter device and system for regulating aspects of power conversion by a power converter from external source such as solar panels to another external circuit wherein the common-mode filter device substantially attenuates common-mode voltage at the switching frequency plus harmonics of the power converter. The power converter can be single phase, but is preferably a multiple phase.


The paper evaluates the contribution of African countries to the Aquatic Commons repository and highlights the problems encountered in searching for information in the system. Results showed that 82 agencies uploaded a total of 3,967 articles into the repository, but only 8 agencies or 9.8% of the total come from Africa. Those 8 contributed 596 entries or 15.4% of the total submissions to the repository. Nigeria alone contributed 81.5% of African contributions, or 12.6% of the total submissions. The total number of downloads as of July 2011 was 233,781, an increase of 154.8% when compared to June 2010. Nigeria downloaded 4.9% of the total and 69.5% of the total from African countries. The article suggests that the possible reasons for low level African participation are: ineptitude of African librarians and other stakeholders; lack of awareness of the project; lack of feedback mechanisms to participating agencies; and the language of the repository. Suggested ways to beef up African participation includes: identification of relevant agencies in the different countries; creating awareness among agencies; having a feedback mechanism for contributing institutions; and finding a way of accommodating actively the French speaking countries in Africa. The paper further evaluates problems in retrieving information on specific subjects and geographic areas. Results show that subject categorization used to describe the documents has lead to false drops in most searches, as the descriptors are not always accurate, and information on geographic areas is not precise. The paper recommends that since the Aquatic Commons is a growing collection, for ease of retrieving information a thesaurus must be used to describe the articles; otherwise it will be difficult to bring out the much of the useful information in the repository. The recommended thesaurus is the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Thesaurus.


Laboratory experiments, recent paleoenvironmental analyses of rock varnish, and surface exposure dating of geomorphic units have led to new insights into the process of entrenchment and segmentation of alluvial fans, and into the history of Quaternary sedimentation in Death Valley. Entrenchment begins at the fanhead. As the trench deepens, its down-slope end migrates down-fan, taking several tens of thousands of years to reach lower parts of the fan. Laboratory experiments suggest, however, that a new segment begins to grow at the toe long before the trench reaches this part of the fan. Furthermore, the initial slope of the segment is not the equilibrium slope. Field evidence supports this model. The tectonic tilting that caused entrenchment and segmentation in Death Valley may have been triggered by loading of the valley with water.

Sedimentation on the salt pan in southern Death Valley is not, at present, in equilibrium with that on the fans. Rather, it seems to be adjusting to an increase in the amount of fine material reaching the playa, due in part to breaching of the outlet of Lake Tecopa somewhat after 600 ka BP, and in part to subsidence of different parts of the valley at different rates. Failure to recognize this disequilibrium resulted in errors in earlier estimates of the age of the segmentation events.


Small crystalline boron particles (5-15 |xm) are ignited in atmospheres consisting of Ar/F/Cs at the endwall of a shock tube to study the effect of fluorine additives on ignition delay time. A reflected shock is used to obtain a pressure of 8.5 atm and a temperature of 2600 K. Visible wavelength emission data is recorded using a spectrometer coupled to a streak camera and by two photodetectors. The streak camera allows recording of multiple time-resolved spectra at rates of 100 (is per spectrum. Results indicate a rapid decrease by a factor of four in ignition and burning times as the mole fraction ration yp/yo-, is increased from 0 to 0.25. For values of yF/yOi greater than 0.5 there is little change of ignition burning time with yF/yO2Spectroscopic data taken in pure oxygen environments show residual BO2 emission after particle combustion, while that taken in fluorine-containing environments show little or no emission from BO2. This is consistent with predictions from theoretical modeling efforts of other researchers. However, these same models predict the presence of BF and BF2, which are not observed.


Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which is one of a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, has been successfully applied to single- and multi-objective optimization problems to obtain global or Pareto optimal solutions. However, PSO still has a difficulty in application to complicated structural and mechanical optimization problems since local optimization capability is inferior to general numerical optimization methods due to constraint handling problem. This paper discusses a new multiobjective optimization method that incorporates design sensitivities concerning objective and constraint functions to apply to structural and mechanical design optimization problems. Multi-objective PSO method are combined with a sequential linear programming (SLP) method. Numerical and structural optimization problems are solved by the proposed hybrid method to verify the optimization efficiency.


The locomotion of C. elegans spermatozoa resembles, in many respects, the crawling movements of other eukaryotic cells. However, these sperm contain surprising little actin, which plays no apparent role in this cell's motility. Electron microscopy has revealed that crawling spermatozoa retain a strict morphological polarity so that the organelle-filled cell body is separated from the pseudopod by an array of cytoplasmic laminar membranes. When sperm crawl only the pseudopod contacts the substrate; the cell body is either pulled behind or carried on top of the rear portion of the pseudopod. Fingerlike projections which extend forward from the leading edge of the pseudopod initiate contact with the substrate. The underside of the pseudopod exhibits areas of close (40 nm separation) membrane-substrate association with intervening areas of wide (up to 300 nm) membrane-substrate gaps. The pseudopod cytoplasm contains 2-nm filaments but no filamentous actin has been observed. These 2-nm filaments were detected in thin sections of crawling cells and in negative-stained remnants of spermatozoa disrupted by either hypotonic buffer on Triton X-100. The filaments are found both free in the cytoplasm and closely associated with the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane and are usually oriented along the long axis of the cell. Neither the identity nor the function of these filaments has been established although their location and orientation suggest that they may be involved in generating propulsion.


In this paper, the problem of sliding mode control (SMC) for mixed logical dynamical (MLD) systems is investigated. The sufficient conditions for the finite-time reachability and the asymptotical stability of the designed sliding mode surface are established, and the finite reaching time is given. A sliding mode controller is designed to force the trajectories of the mixed logical dynamical system to be driven onto a prescribed sliding surface and maintained there for all subsequent time. Finally, a numerical example is performed to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the sliding mode control design technique proposed in this paper.


A duality relationship for the capacity of discrete memoryless channels is studied by means of geometric programming duality theory. A compulationally attractive dual approach and a family of algorithms which includes the classic Arimoto-Blahut method is proposed for the computation of capacity,


The importance of the design for the realization of an intense 14 MeV neutron facility devoted to test and validate materials suitable for harsh neutron environments, such as a fusion reactor, is well established. The "New Sorgentina" Fusion Source (NSFS) is a project that proposes an intense D-T 14 MeV neutron source achievable with T and D ion beams impinging on 2 m radius rotating targets. NSFS may produce about 1015 n/s at the target and has to be intended as an European facility that maybe realized in a few years, once provided a preliminary technological program devoted to the operation of the ion source in continuous mode, target heat loading/removal, target and tritium handling, inventor as well as site licensing. In this contribution, the main characteristics of NSFS project will be presented and its possible use as a multipurpose facility outlined.


A gaseous phase rust protection film with multifunction environmental protection is developed,which has the characteristics of no toxic elements,good rust protection,and low cost,and can be used both in ferrous metal and nonferrous metal rust-protective packages.All physical and rust protection properties have been tested.


Simple Summary Oral cancer/oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is among the top ten most common cancers globally; early and accurate diagnosis of oral cancer is critical. Despite improvement in surgical and oncological treatments, patient survival has not improved over the last four decades. Our purpose is to develop a deep learning method to classify images as "suspicious" and "normal" and to highlight the regions of the images most likely to be involved in decision-making by generating automated heat maps. Thus, by using convolutional neural network-based clinical predictors, oral dysplasia in an image can be classified accurately in an early stage. Abstract Oral cancer/oral squamous cell carcinoma is among the top ten most common cancers globally, with over 500,000 new cases and 350,000 associated deaths every year worldwide. There is a critical need for objective, novel technologies that facilitate early, accurate diagnosis. For this purpose, we have developed a method to classify images as "suspicious" and "normal" by performing transfer learning on Inception-ResNet-V2 and generated automated heat maps to highlight the region of the images most likely to be involved in decision making. We have tested the developed method's feasibility on two independent datasets of clinical photographic images of 30 and 24 patients from the UK and Brazil, respectively. Both 10-fold cross-validation and leave-one-patient-out validation methods were performed to test the system, achieving accuracies of 73.6% (±19%) and 90.9% (±12%), F1-scores of 97.9% and 87.2%, and precision values of 95.4% and 99.3% at recall values of 100.0% and 81.1% on these two respective cohorts. This study presents several novel findings and approaches, namely the development and validation of our methods on two datasets collected in different countries showing that using patches instead of the whole lesion image leads to better performance and analyzing which regions of the images are predictive of the classes using class activation map analysis.


The tuning curves, angular and spectral phase-matching widths are calculated for all possible kinds of OPG in the principal planes of biaxial KTP crystal with Nd:YAG laser pumping at 1.064 μ wavelength. The plots presented enable the maximal nonmonochromaticity and radiation divergence to be found for any value of the signal wave and different interaction types. A particular emphasis has been placed on the OPG investigation under the noncritical phase-matching conditions of the type II along x and y crystallographic axes. The effective nonlinear coefficients as a function of phase-matching angles are calculated in the KTP principal planes.


According to the construction of the horizontal stratum in Sangshuwan tunnel along Bao-Xi passageway,the paper sums up the construction method and experience,explores the preventive measures to the relative tunnel collapse in horizontal stratum,and points out the ways to ensure the construction safety of horizontal stratum tunnels,and the key are the control of the excavation process,improvement of primary support,the forecast report of geology and the supervision survey.


Using two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we examine how an externally applied strong magnetic field impacts proton acceleration in laser-irradiated solid-density targets. We find that a kT-level external magnetic field can sufficiently inhibit transverse transport of hot electrons in a flat laser-irradiated target. While the electron heating by the laser remains mostly unaffected, the reduced electron transport during proton acceleration leads to an enhancement of maximum proton energies and the overall number of energetic protons. The resulting proton beam is much better collimated compared to a beam generated without applying a kT-level magnetic field. A factor of three enhancement of the laser energy conversion efficiency into multi-MeV protons is another effect of the magnetic field. The required kT-level magnetic fields are becoming feasible due to a significant progress that has been made in generating magnetic fields with laser-driven coils using ns-long laser pulses. The possibility of improving characteristics of laser-driven proton beams using such fields is a strong motivation for further development of laser-driven magnetic field capabilities.


Abstract In this article, I observe that Ossetic has a system of possessive pronouns with two features untypical for Iranian languages. First, along with genitive forms of full pronouns, it has a full paradigm of possessive proclitics. Second, while having accusative enclitics, it lacks possessive enclitics. I argue that the former trait is likely to have developed under West Caucasian influence. As for the absence of possessive enclitics, it is a nearly universal areal feature in the Caucasus. To substantiate these claims, I give an overview of possession marking in Iranian languages and in languages of the Caucasus and compare it to the Ossetic system. I suggest a possible scenario for the grammaticalization of possessive proclitics.


Enhancing the validity of methodical recommendations is one of the main problems that have to be solved in developing intelligent systems for managing maintenance and repair of electric power system equipment and devices. A risk of making an erroneous decision exists mainly due to availability of gross errors and abnormal values in statistical data on operation. The difficulty of solving this problem becomes still more obvious obvious if this risk is taken together with the fact that non-random samples of statistical data on operation differ from the theoretical representative samples of random quantities from the general totality of data, the need to consider a multidimensional nature of statistical data on operation, and lack of methods for analyzing scanty samples of multidimensional data. A method that allows abnormal realizations to be revealed based on the fiducial approach and statistical hypothesis testing theory is developed. By applying express methods for calculating the fiducial interval critical values for the selected significance level, this problem can be solved without using special tables and a computer.


The city of Lucknow, once described as "the last example of the old pomp and refinement of Hindustan," still remains one of the most interesting cities of north India. This lively urban history presents a panorama of the political, cultural, and architectural life of Lucknow during its heyday: from the ascendancy of the first nawab in the early 18th century to the deposition of the last nawab in 1856. Focusing on the architecture itself and the particular psychologies that lay behind the building facades, the author draws some intriguing conclusions about nawabi Lucknow and the colonial mind in its relation to Indian urban life.


changed completely the political and social character of entire nations. In Germany and in Russia whole populations have been persuaded to accept predetermined ideologies as a personal and a national way of life. In America, the adult education movement has retained such peculiarly native characteristics as great diversity, decentralized control, democratized program planning, and emphasis upon individual needs and interests.


In tactical wireless local area networks, jamming attack can easily occur by sending out continuous radio signals. The damage will be serious when the channel frequency is identical. Since wireless channel environment is open to everyone, the perfect solution for jamming attack does not exist. However, a channel-hopping scheme is well known for mitigating those jamming attacks. In this paper, I consider various channel-hopping schemes in order to analyze the throughput and fairness performance under smart jammer attack. Also an analytical model is introduced to evaluate the throughput performances of channel-hopping schemes. After analyzing well known channel-hopping schemes, I propose a simple channel-hopping scheme that can enhance fairness significantly at minimal throughput degradation expense.


This article analyzes the main Colombian digital libraries initiatives, based on an evaluation model. It ask for characteristics of digital libraries, related with its nature, software, content, metadata, collections, services, management, integration and expectations. In addition, it proposes development phases of digital library, and shows advances and opportunities in Colombia. Finally, it proposes several conclusions and suggestions from the results.


This paper firstly deeply analysed strategy of choosing file replicas-path replication and points to problems,secondly according to the relation between query capability of nodes and network topology,a path replication strategy based on degrees of nodes was proposed.The strategy set up replica replication degree threshold,choosed degrees of nodes which are big or equal to degree threshold to replication.Simulation shows that the strategy has similar performance to path replication.


Received 18/08/91; revised 21/11/91 and 20/04/94; accepted 28/06/94 * Assistant Professor, Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences ** Former Assistant Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences *** Professor, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, King Saud University, College of Dentistry, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Address reprint requests to: Dr. H.A. El-Abdin


This paper analyzes the changes of economic and social environment about food production in Hunan province under the background of virtual water strategy.Hunan province,as an region of better water and arable land,will be confronted with a new opportunities which the food price will rise and food production will be pay more attention.In order to contribute to the country's food security and water resources security,Hunan should expand the scale of food production and output more virtual water depended on its water and arable land advantage.


Abstract The interaction between vortical isotropic turbulence (IT) and a normal shock wave is studied using direct numerical simulation (DNS) and linear interaction analysis (LIA). In previous studies, agreement between the simulation results and the LIA predictions has been limited and, thus, the significance of LIA has been underestimated. In this paper, we present high-resolution simulations which accurately solve all flow scales (including the shock-wave structure) and extensively cover the parameter space (the shock Mach number, $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}M_s$ , ranges from 1.1 to 2.2 and the Taylor Reynolds number, ${\mathit{Re}}_{\lambda }$ , ranges from 10 to 45). The results show, for the first time, that the turbulence quantities from DNS converge to the LIA solutions as the turbulent Mach number, $M_t$ , becomes small, even at low upstream Reynolds numbers. The classical LIA formulae are extended to compute the complete post-shock flow fields using an IT database. The solutions, consistent with the DNS results, show that the shock wave significantly changes the topology of the turbulent structures, with a symmetrization of the third invariant of the velocity gradient tensor and ( $M_s$ -mediated) of the probability density function (PDF) of the longitudinal velocity derivatives, and an $M_s$ -dependent increase in the correlation between strain and rotation.


New stable nitroxides, analogous to TEMPO (tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl) where two α,α′ methyl groups are formally replaced by ester functions, are prepared via dienolate chemistry followed by a deprotection–oxidation sequence.


The first part of the paper (Sections I to V) is concerned with the general technique used in the discussion of stress‐strain laws for inviscid elastic‐plastic materials with work hardening. It is postulated that when the ``mechanical state'' of such a material is known a given infinitesimal change of stress produces a uniquely defined infinitesimal change of strain. Once the assumption is made as to which variables determine the mechanical state, the conditions of continuity, uniqueness, irreversibility, and consistency can be used to extract rather far‐reaching information regarding the structure of the stress‐strain law. The procedure is applied to the case where the mechanical state is determined by the components of stress and permanent strain.The second part of the paper (Sections VI to VIII) is concerned with various problems of plastic equilibrium. Structural stability in the plastic range is discussed and the difficulties arising in the formulation of stability problems for nonconservative system...


This page is maintained by the Office of the Chief Minister Topic: BILLS Subject: CRIMINAL CODE AMENDMENT BILL (No 2) (Serial 165) SENTENCING AMENDMENT BILL (No 2) (Serial 166) Date: 26/11/2003 Member: Dr TOYNE Other Speakers: Ms CARNEY This is an uncorrected proof of the daily report. It is made available under the condition that it is recognised as such. Status: Justice and Attorney-General Information: Continued from 13 August 2003.


DURING the pastk dejfKde, resistors having silicon carbide again and characterized by a striking law-the current passed Aing proportional to the fourth or fifth power of have become available com-mRciatfly and are now widely used in many fields of ectrical engineering. Their development was first stimulated by the requirements of surge diverters (lightning arresters) for overhead power transmission lines, but success in this application had led to their use for the protection at much lower voltages, of the highly inductive coils found in electrical machinery, contactors, clutches, brakes, relays, etc. An important advantage arising from the limitation of the peak voltage developed when such coils are disconnected from the supply is the reduction of the sparking at opening contacts, and of the radio interference) to which such sparking gives rise. This method of spark quenching has received particular attention in connexion with telephone relays, where the preservation of contacts is of great importance. Silicon carbide resistors have also found application for the> protection of radio transmitting and receiving circuits and of electrical instruments, and for scale modification in the latter; in metadyne systems, where they permit practically any desired main motor characteristic to be obtained; and in non-linear bridge circuits. The characteristics and limitations of these resistors, and the principles governing their application, are discussed in a recent paper by Messrs. F. Ashworth, W. Needham and R. W. Sillars (J. Inst. Elect. Eng., 93, Part 1, No. 69; Sept. 1946), with which is associated an extensive discussion.


Dental pain is a disease that usually affects the pulp or tissue around the teeth. Dental pain includes mild pain that is easily recognizable for signs and symptoms, it encourages a person to do his own treatment without the help of a health professional or often called self care. Self care should be in accordance with the patient's condition and saturate the parameters of right indication, right drug, right dose, and right patient. This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge level with the accuracy of the use of drugs to self care dental pain conducted by the community.
Sampling in this study cluster sampling counted 154 respondents. Non experimental research conducted on Sukoharjo district community with comparatif method. Retrieval of data byretrospectively. Data were analyzed using cross sectional design and tested using SPSS test by chi square test.
The results obtained in this study is the result of the level of knowledge of the average society belonging to the category enough value 57.79%, the accuracy of the use of analgesic drugs as much as 39 respondents accurate and inappropriate respondents use analgesic drugs as much as 115 respondents, The use of analgesic drugs on self care tooth pain shows a correlation between the level of knowledge and the use of analgesic drugs on self care tooth pain characterized by p value 0,000.

Keyword : Tooth pain, analgesic use drug, knowledge, self care


The purpose of this study was to analyze travel routes taken by nonresident visitors to Montana who visited both Glacier and Yellowstone National Parks in one trip and to compare those patterns to multidestination travel patterns suggested by previous research. Additionally, the concept of distance decay was analyzed for these travelers. Results confirm previous research on travel patterns with an additional undiscovered pattern. Results did not confirm a distance decay finding but rather suggest that attractions at the sight such as national parks overcome the barrier of distance.


Erich Fromm constructed his own normal humanistic ethics against authoritarian ethics by way of social-analysis.This article explains it from three aspects: humanistic criticism,humanistic ethics and humanistic socialism.


Drosophila melanogaster was used in this study to assess the effects of a Bang-Sensitive paralytic mutation on courtship. Since courtship is recognized as a stereotyped action pattern in Drosophila involving orientation, wing extenstion, following behavior, tapping, licking, attempted copulation, and copulation, it is used as a basis to study behavior. Bang-Sensitive paralytic Drosophila exhibit seizure-like behavior following intense mechanical or electrical stimulation. In general, these seizures consist of erratic and uncoordinated wing flapping, leg shaking, and abdominal muscle contractions. Based on the similarity between Drosophila melanogaster seizures and those seen in humans, these mutants have recently begun to emerge as a model organism for studying the poorly-understood human seizure disorders. In this study, comparisons were made among five Bang-sensitive mutants, known as slamdance (sda), easily shocked(eas), technical knockout(tko), bang sensitive(bas), and bang senseless(bss), and the wild type Oregon-R strain. My findings suggest that bang-sensitivity does affect courtship, and that the effects are more marked in some strains than others.


The invention provides a data deleting method, a data deleting device and a terminal, wherein the data deleting method comprises the following steps that when the condition that an operation system of a terminal receives a data deleting request is detected, specified external equipment is selected from at least one piece of external equipment connected with the terminal according to the data deleting request; the information of data requested to be deleted by the data deleting request is sent to the specified external equipment; according to the data information and preset conditions, whether the data information meets the preset conditions or not is judged in the specified external equipment; a judging result is sent to the operation system so that the operation system processes the data according to the judging result. According to the technical scheme, the wrong deletion of the data by the operation system can be avoided, and the data security is improved.


The research is devoted to the analysis of page loading time, which is an important indicator for any web-site. As a rule, the sites are hosted on web-servers with certain characteristics. The users interact with the environment is largely aggressive and uncertain (external threats such as penetration, denial of service, the introduction of code into the language of structured SQL queries, etc.). It should be noted that there are the uncertainties generated by hardware and software are also important. Any site can be sub-is influenced by the influence of the external environment and various subsystems of servicing the functions of web-sites, which leads to occurrence of contingencies and generates uncertainty of his work. The degree of uncertainty is cannot always be assessed on the basis of statistical material alone. This leads to an increase in the number of methods and means of intellectualizing the performance of evaluations on the basis of methods of artificial intelligence, and methods based on the use of fuzzy estimates. The assessment of the security status of Internet sites as poorly formalized objects on the basis of fuzzy logic methods considered in the article is implemented in the form of technology for assessing the states of reliability of a web site. The proposed approach allows a more flexible adaptation to the particular problem and allows diagnosis object already in the step of calculating an integral index of reliability. Flexibility is achieved due to the fact that the state of reliability can be estimated At once on several reliability indicators.


This new edition started out as a minor updating of the previous one, but has turned out to contain two new chapters, extensive revision of others and has a new-look image processing CD. The new Chapter 3 is a short introduction to computer basics, but much of it is really a short handbook for the MIPS software provided. Chapter 9, entitled ''Advanced Topics'', includes interferometry, imaging spectroscopy and lidar. Also new are some examples of image processing, introduced in ''boxes'' to keep them separate from the text, often referring to the MIPS package. As before, the level of mathematics has been kept to a minimum, but the clarity of description and explanation more than compensates for this. The brief overview of remote sensing in Chapters 1 and 2 provides a gentle but nevertheless comprehensive introduction to the subject, putting the rest of the book into context. The rest of the book is not only a primer in digital image processing, but can also be used, along with the software, as a workbook for the practical implementation of many of the functions. MIPS has developed considerably since it was first made available, and has a new interface and can handle any image size in up to 32-bit representation, as well as including many new examples and exercises. This excellent textbook is ideally suited to an introductory undergraduate course, but would be equally useful to a postgraduate starting out in the field.


Radiation biodosimetry plays an important role in the medical treatment of each radiation accident, mainly by dicentric and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) analyses. Biodosimetry studies focus on the rapid and high-throughput radiation biodosimeter. These studies include not only the automatic analyses of dicentric and CBMN, but also the molecular markers, such as DNA double-strand break and gene and protein expression. Metabolomic and serology analyses are also explored. The new progress in radiation biodosimetry over the past three years was reviewed in this paper.

Key words:
Radiation biodosimetry; Cytogenetics; Fast high-throuput; Molecular biology


Objective To study the relationship between the Bado's classification of the Monteggia fracture in adult and their prognosis. Methods Studying the 60 patients in our hospital suffering from Monteggia fracture-dislocation during 10 years between 1994 to 2004, and their clinical data of the follow-up is analysised with statistics. There were 26 cases with Bado type Ⅰ fracture-dislocations, 14 cases with Bado type Ⅱ fracture-dislocations, 19 cases with Bado type Ⅲ and 1 case with Bado type Ⅳ fracture-dislocations. The fractures of the shaft of the ulna were treated operatively with open reduction and internal fixation using plates and screws. The fractures of the radial head were operated with open reduction and internal fixation, or are treated with the resection of the partial or total radial head. For the cases of the dislocation of the radial head without fracture, the most commonly used treatment method was to reduce the dislocation closely and stable the position with external fixation by a plaster cast. For the injury of the radial nerve associated with the Monteggia fracture dislocation, no operation had been done to make an exploration. Rank Sun Test of NoSA system was adopted to analysis the clinical data gained above. Results The average duration of the follow-up was 24 months (12-72 months). The results were graded according to the score system of Broberg and Morrey. In Bado type Ⅰ, 24 cases were considered satisfactory and 2 cases unsatisfactory, satisfactory ratio is 92%; In Bado type Ⅱ, 10 cases satisfactory and 4 cases unsatisfactory, satisfactory ratio was 71%; In Bado type Ⅲ and type Ⅳ, all the cases gained satisfactory results, satisfactory ratio was 100%. Rank Sun Test showed there was no obvious difference on prognosis between every group of the Bado's classification system. But statistical obvious difference could be found between the group with the fractures of the radial head and the group without. Conclusion The classification system of Bado has no prediction prognosis. In adult Monteggia fracture, the final result largely depends on whether there is a fracture of the radial head.


Objective To determine the safety and efficacy of robotic mitral valvereplacement using da Vinci S system.Methods From August 2008 to April 2011, over 400 cases of robotic cardiac surgery have been completed in Chinese PLA general hospital, in which 20 patients with isolated mitral valve stenosis underwent robotic mitral replacement, including 7 male and 13 female patients with a mean age of (44.7 ±9.8) years (ranging from 32 to 65 years). 16 patients had a NYHA class Ⅰ~Ⅱ heart function and 4 patients were NYHA class Ⅲ. Fifteen patients were concomitant with atiral fibrillation. Surgery approach was achieved through 4 right chest ports with femoral perfusion and Chitwood aortic occlusion. Antegrade cold blood cardioplegia was administered directly via chest for myocardial protection. The transesophageal echocardiography was used intraoperatively to estimate the surgical results. Results All patients had successful valve replacement including mechanical and tissue valve replacement. There was no conversion to a median sternotomy. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and arrested heart time were(137.1 ±21.9) minutes and (99.3 ±17.4) minutes. Echocardiographic follow-up in all patients revealed no complications. Conclusion Robotic mitral valve replacement is safe and efficacious in the patients with isolated mitral valve disease.

Key words:
Cardiac surgical procedures;  Heart valve prosthesis inplarotation;  Mitral valve;  Minimally invasive;  Robotic


PurposeTo achieve the shift towards sustainable construction the industry must change the project delivery methods used. Therefore, this paper reports on a high-performance building project that implemented a collaborative project delivery method through the examination of the following research questions: RQ1: What were the most important contractual, cultural and organisational elements studied in the collaborative project delivery method? RQ2: What were the effects of the studied elements?Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal case study approach was adopted. As for means of data collection, a document review, semi-structured interviews, and observations was conducted. A total of 20 observations (App. 80 h, 175 pages of notes) and 12 interviews (App. 20 h, 100 pages of notes) with project participants was conducted.FindingsThe analysis indicates that if attention is paid to task, team and individual needs through contractual, cultural and organisational elements, this will affect the development of an integrated team.Research limitations/implicationsWe demonstrate that the effects of the elements are shown through their achievement in creating and sustaining an integrated team of inter-organisational participants working in a collaborative environment.Practical implicationsIt provides a better understanding of how a collaborative project delivery method for the design phase emphasises team integration. We demonstrate that while the principal sets the contractual boundaries by deciding the contractual elements, the agent should be intentional in the selection and use of organizational and cultural elements.Originality/valueThe paper suggests that it is not enough to just have contractual elements implemented. Consequently, this insight suggests that managers should be attentive to the untapped potential that lies within organisational and cultural elements.


In January and February of 1954 the writer travelled some 4,000 miles through the Northern Eegion of Nigeria in search of Arabic manuscripts for the Library of the University College of Ibadan, and also to make a survey of the indigenous Arabic literature of the peoples of the Western Sudan. There was no means beforehand of determining whether any manuscripts would be found at all, or whether, if they still existed, their possessors would part with them. The tour proved profitable in both respects, however; over 150 works were obtained, most of which are unknown outside Nigeria and very few of which have ever been printed. Some were generously donated, but most were purchased at the "market price", for the scribes are still busy in the more remote districts, although the popularity of the printed texts from Egypt is an increasing threat to their livelihood. In Kano, the largest town of the Northern Region, it was impossible to find a scribe at work and there Arabic manuscripts were, in consequence, rare and expensive. Some local bibliophiles, understandably reluctant to give or sell volumes which they could not replace, nevertheless lent them for microfilming. There was, generally, considerable interest shown towards this work and, since returning to Ibadan, manuscripts have been received by post from self-appointed agents, which is most encouraging.


The initial program was to analyze the source of noise, reduce noise at the source, and provide overall noise reduction treatment to reach lowest practical levels. Similar efforts were then accomplished on several special military vehicles to provide noise reduction retrofit kits. The initial work revealed special needs in the area of hydraulic system noise, and acoustical materials and in-depth studies were initiated to analyze techniques of hydraulic noise measurement and to evaluate material suitability for military use.


Special sessions on endometriosis were organized and held by the Endometriosis Research Foundation, the European Endometriosis League, and the European Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology German-French language at various meetings in Monaco in collaboration with Gynactions. Out of this a number of manuscripts have been developed and are compiled in this issue. Even so, basic clear descriptions of the disease endometriosis date back to the middle of the 19th century [1], etiology and prevalence of the disease are still under debate. Without any doubt endometriosis as well as adenomyosis – different manifestations of the same disease process [2] – play a major clinical role in gynecology because of still existing difficulties to diagnose the disease (Worldwide delay of diagnosis up to 12 years) [1] and the extensive impact on women's well being caused by pain and fertility problems. The proper treatment is still under debate even European and National Guidelines have been developed [3,4]. There are attempts underway to estimate the impact on women's performance and working capacity as well as quality of life on the one hand and the costs of surgery and medications on the other hand. This issue is to acknowledge the first attempt to gather information on endometriosis in various European countries. Besides presenting new basic studies related to endometriosis, a number of clinical investigations are included. Studies are on the way to develop efficient and low cost detection procedures and last but not least to find approaches for the prevention of this clinically most frequent benign proliferative disease in women [1]. This issue gives experts from different European countries the opportunity to deal with various aspects of the multifaceted disease endometriosis and the situation regarding endometriosis in various European countries.


this paper introduced a new Particle swarm optimization, PSO, variant where Beta profiles are used to manage exploration and exploitation behaviors of the swarm. A key issue in PSO is that it is missing a clear separation between the exploration behavior and the exploitation behavior of the swarm. In Beta-PSO exploration/ exploitations phases are clearly identified and particles evolve differently in each phase. A couple of beta distributions are used to control both phases. In the exploration phase, particles evolve based on a pseudo-normal beta profile, while in the exploitation phase a decreasing exponential beta distribution is used. The proposed method is applied to solve the inverse kinematic problem of a 6 axes generic robot arm. Results showed that the quadratic error of Beta-PSO was about 5.5 e-17, while QPSO solutions were at the level of 5.6e-l0; SSA returned 6.6 e-8 error and classical PSO was at about 1.7 e-3. Those results were confirmed with the Wilcoxon non parametric comparison which clearly showed that Beta-PSO is better than the classical PSO, quantum PSO, and SSA for this application.


A full duplex optical module is a key device for 1.3/1.55 /spl mu/m bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical subscriber systems and reducing its cost is particularly important. The most promising way to do this is hybrid integration with a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) platform, where a laser diode (LD) and a receiver photodiode (R-PD) are directly mounted on a compact PLC wafer board. However, when this technology is applied to a full duplex optical module, the signal crosstalk between the LD and PD is a severe problem, because the LD is located near the PD on the platform. This paper describes a full duplex optical module configuration on a PLC platform that suppresses the signal crosstalk and the first demonstration of full duplex operation on a hybrid integrated optical module using a PLC platform operation at a speed of 156 Mbit/s.


The paper addresses the theme of 'Community of Faith and the Lord's Supper' by examining exegetically Paul's discussion of the Lord's Supper in 1 Corinthians 11:17-34, with special attention given to modern research on ritual. Focusing on the'formula of the institution' (V. 23-26), the author deals with questions pertaining to the historical location, the sequence of cultic acts, the nature and function of the ritual and the consequences for ethos and ethics in the church.


In this work, we propose a novel hydraulic solver in order to simulate key mechanisms that control fluid‐driven cracks in the framework of the combined finite‐discrete element method (FDEM). The main innovative aspect of the present work is the independence of the fluid's critical time step size with the fracture opening. This advantage is extremely important because it means that very fine meshes can be used around areas of interest, such as boreholes, without penalizing the computational cost as fractures propagate (ie, open) and the fluid flows through them. This is a great advantage over other recently introduced approaches that exhibit a dependency of the time step in the form of Δtcrit ∝ (l/a)2 where l is the element size and a is the fracture aperture. This paper presents a series of benchmark cases for the proposed solver. The rationale adopted by the authors was to benchmark and validate the implementation of the hydraulic solver in an incremental fashion, starting from the simplest cases and building in complexity. The results shown in this work clearly demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to reproduce analytical results for fluid flow through a single crack. The results presented in this paper also demonstrate that the new approach is robust enough to deal with complex fracture patterns and complex geometries; the obtained fluid‐driven fracture patterns in the vicinity of a borehole certainly stand to the scrutiny of human visual perception.


Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is widely used in the automotive industry as it can provide point cloud information containing precise distances. Three-dimensional (3D) object detection based on LiDAR point clouds is significant for environment perception tasks. However, feature learning for point clouds remains challenging. This paper proposes a two-stage voxel-based LiDAR 3D object detector, referred to as density-aware and neighborhood attention (DenNet), that focuses on the neighborhood information of objects. DenNet mainly integrates two modules: voxel density-aware (VDA) and neighborhood attention (NA). VDA introduces density information of the point cloud. Here, point cloud density information was added as voxel features in the voxel-based framework to alleviate the information loss during voxelization. Additionally, to extract neighbor information, the characteristics of 3D objects were analyzed for traffic scenes. The NA mechanism was adopted, which localizes the receptive field for each query to its nearest neighboring points. DenNet yielded competitive results, as compared with state-of-the-art methods, for the KITTI and One Million Scenes (ONCE) datasets; notably, it afforded an improvement of 3.96% relative to the baseline mean average precision on the more challenging ONCE dataset.


This report was prepared based on the 2014 data from the National Health Fund, Medical Ex-ams Center, Post-gradual Nurses and Midwives Education Center and information collected from voivodeship consultants. It contains the assessment of the general situation of palliative and hospice care, the number, and location of particular types of palliative care units, the number of beds in inpatient care per voivodeship, the patient age profile, doctors and nurses human resources, and it also presents a comparison of financing services in particular voivodeships. It has been demonstrated that the accessibility to specific forms of palliative care is uneven across the country, there are disparities in the density of units, expenditures per capita and accessibility to the services between the voivodeships. The number of home care units is satisfying, however, in some voivodeships this form of palliative care still needs development. The impediment against accessibility to home care is too little number of contracted services. The number of inpatient units and the number of beds per 100 thousands of inhabitants are insufficient, and only a few voivodeships reach satisfactory condition. The outpatient palliative care does not meet the necessary volume (too little number of units and uneven dispersion). The financial resources spent on palliative care in Poland are insufficient. The human resources situation may be regarded as satisfactory. The number of educational centers for professionals (doctors and nurses) grows from year to year.


In this paper we present an extension of three important model reduction techniques: namely, the stability equation, the modified pole clustering and the dominant modes methods for conventional (regular) systems to reduce complexity relating to high dimensionality of mathematical models representing physical, generalized (also called singular) systems. Combining these methods to Genetic Algorithms' tools and exploiting a special representation base where a full order singular system is deflating into proper and improper subsystems, different natures of stable, optimal low order models are obtained. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, a numerical example is given, where six approximants are derived from a multi-input multi-output singular system. By the use of two optimal norms, the MOR errors are quantified and permits to conclude to the quality of the proposed reduced order models.


Abstract Axiomatically, translation is twofold: an activity/process (more accurately designated by the term translating) and a product (the term translation can be restricted to the product). It seems that the product dimension has gained increased importance, being the most visible part of translation as market-driven, design-oriented, precise and measurable - complying with specifications. Translation engenders a sequence: identification of text type and of end users' needs (experts or non-experts in the field), evaluation of the complexity of the source text via global reading, followed by a close reading of its parts, the translating of the document, the translator's checking of final version, editing and proofreading. The translator's choices are accountable in point of cost-effectiveness (efficiency) and effectiveness. Therefore, the legal translator should master the methodological toolkit, conceptual frame and related terminology, and adopt an inward-looking perspective (intuition, subjectivity, ingrained habits, insights deriving from his/her expertise and experience) alongside an outward-looking one (working against objective criteria, standards of quality, benchmarks, etc).


Biogas has been widely used as an Alternative energy source, in order to accomplish the goal of minimizing the use of fossil fuels which harm the environment greatly and are economically unstable, heavy research was conducted on renewable sources of energy. Generation of Biogas comes with great benefits, it can be used as a fuel to generate heat, it can be used for cooling purposes and finally Biogas can be used to generate electricity, all this and it reduces the prices of energy in demand which eventually will cause economic and social relief. Moreover, Food waste is becoming another major problem facing us today, with so much food loss and ill management regarding the handling of food waste disposal, the environment gets extremely affected which in turn affects us. This study will research in how to generate Biogas from food waste. In this study, Biogas is generated using Anaerobic Digestion of food waste. After capturing the gas , produced we then use Buswell's equation to calculate the amount of Biogas in the gas mixture produced from the process.


Experimental evidence of the appearance of a proper periodic dynamics in a plasma plume created by pulsed laser ablation is considered as a hint for the presence of a self-organization scenario that explains similar phenomena observed in plasma diodes.


We present findings in a 67-year-old male patient who was examined during diagnostic workup because of arrhythmia and pulmonary vein ablation. During transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, a nonstenotic, sclerosed aortic valve with slightly reduced area (1.7 cm2) and mild aortic regurgitation were observed. Standard contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography was performed for arterial and venous status.

To evaluate the effect of altered valve function on blood flow in the entire aorta, flow-sensitive 4-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Data were acquired with cardiac and navigator gating to permit ECG synchronized measurement of 3-directional blood flow in the entire thoracic aorta during free breathing (Magnetom Trio, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany; flip angle =15°, velocity sensitivity =150 cm/s, spatial resolution 3.2×2.1×3.0 mm3, time to echo =3.5 ms, repetition time=5.6 ms, temporal resolution =48.8 ms). Data analysis was performed with a commercially available software package (EnSight, CEI, Apex, NC). …


between potassium excretion and blood pressure it was weakly negative. The relation between blood pressure and the ratio of sodium to potassium excretion was stronger than that between blood pressure and excretion of each electrolyte individually. The variables, but not the ratios, were fitted stepwise into a multiple regression model, with both systolic and diastolic pressures, to assess the independent effects in men and women separately. Table III shows the standardised regression coefficients for each of the four models. Age, body mass index, pulse rate, and alcohol consumption all fitted positively in each model, potassium excretion fitted negatively, and sodium excretion did not enter at all.


Objective: Discussion on color difference between imitation wild and artificial cultivated pieces of Saposhnikovia divaricata,provides a new method for objectively quantifying appearance color of Saposhnikoviae Radix.Method: HP-C220 colorimeter was used to determine total color of processed pieces of Saposhnikoviae Radix.SPSS statistical software were used to calculate the range of total color in different planting patterns of pieces and to analysis the relationship between planting pattern and skin color of Saposhnikoviae Radix.Result: Total color of 9 batches of imitation wild Saposhnikoviae Radix pieces were at 35.49-39.18 and the artificial cultivations' were at 48.11-56.10,the two average color difference is 14.7,wild and artificial cultivation of Saposhnikoviae Radix pieces skin color difference were significant.Conclusion: Colorimeter can provide objective data for imitation wild and artificial cultivation pieces of Fangfeng appearance color,not only can be used as a detection method for the identification of two pieces,but also can provide a reference for the establishment of Saposhnikoviae Radix pieces classification.


THE central problem of animal breeding, and for that matter all agriculture, was foretold more than 125 years ago in the conclusion of Malthus: "The power of population is indefinitely greater than the power of the earth to produce substance for man." Converted into rates against time, the natural antithesis of the two variables shows clearly that the object of animal breeding can be nothing less than to delay as long as possible the consumnmiation of this prophecy by furnishing information to increase the production of more and better food per unit of its manufacture, the animal. This food must further be economically produced in the sense that the animal's consumption of carbohydrate, fat and protein in its roughage should bear as low a ratio as possible to the meat, milk or eggs which it forms. These are growth problems. To Francis Galton we owe not only the recognition of the need for, but also much of the technique by which a great deal of the progress in this solution is now taking place. Born a statistician he early began to enthusiastically collect statistics on problems in biology in much the same way that others collect postage stamps or beetles, but possibly with deeper design. This enthusiasm found direction in the unfolding Darwinian theories which appealed to him as subject to mathematical treatment and proof. For this purpose he collected all manner of data on such characters as human stature and


With regard to the spread of innovative technologies, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have great research interest in recent years. Although the WSN service is being facilitated, security related accidents are continuously incurring. In particular, many activities between mobile devices and sensor nodes take place without too much of protection of privacy information. To avoid these risks in WSN, we do need to devise the privacy care architecture to prevent the private data loss or breach especially in WSN. In this paper, we focus on WSN privacy issues with respect to mobile environments. We also suggest architecture to securely manage private data collected by WSN. It helps to protect the collected private data more efficiently and prevent the private data loss and breach.


Abstract Distress intolerance has been suggested to be a maintaining factor in several mental health conditions. Distress tolerance skills training has been found to be beneficial in emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Short-term targeted interventions are increasingly being implemented in response to demand. This study investigates the efficacy of a distress tolerance brief psychological intervention (DT BPI) delivered by non-psychologists within an adult secondary care mental health service. Questionnaire data (pre and post) are reported from 43 participants who completed the intervention. Results suggest that the intervention was associated with significant improvements in distress tolerance, mood, anxiety and wellbeing. This indicates that a DT BPI can be effective when delivered by non-psychologists to real-world adult secondary care clients. The findings offer promising evidence that DT BPI could be a beneficial, cost-effective intervention and warrants further large-scale investigation. Key learning aims (1) To enhance practitioners' awareness of distress intolerance as a potential maintaining factor and therefore treatment target. (2) To outline a transdiagnostic distress tolerance brief psychological intervention. (3) To illustrate the potential of this distress tolerance brief psychological intervention to produce positive reliable change with real-world clients when delivered by non-psychologists.


During the years 2006 and 2007, serious outbreaks of bacterial leaf and flower spot disease were observed on zinnia ( Zinnia elegans Jaqc. cv. Mondo and Capricio) plants grown in several parks in Budapest, Hungary. Five strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. zinniae isolated from diseased zinnia plants were identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical and pathogenicity tests, as well as sequence analysis of the bacterial 16S–23S rDNA spacer region.


Citizen's environment right acts as the fundamental right in the environment laws;How to protect and realize it is the hot issue that many scholars recently study.However,compared with other countries,the constitution in our country does not have the provision of Citizen's environment right.Adding the provision of Citizen's environment right into the constitution is a necessary step.According to the experience of other countries and the opinions of the domestic scholars,the author tries to prove that the citizen's environment right should be part of the constitution.


The environment of Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) was highly payed attention to its economic development. Remote sensing technology was a useful tool for global and regional environment monitor. The fractional vegetation cover (FVC) with 30m spatial resolution for GMS was extracted from the HJ-1/CCD data in this study. The vegetation covers were highly for the entire GMS, and the spatial differences were influenced by vegetation types. Besides, FVC product with high temporal resolution (5 days) and 1km spatial resolution were used to analyze the vegetation damages by typhoon Haiyan from 2ed to 10th Nov., 2013 based on a change detection method. The damage extents of forest by typhoon were much seriously than cropland and grassland for GMS memberships, especially for Vietnam and China (Guangxi). The vegetation damages varied from -50% to 10% in the 300 km suffer areas on the typhoon Haiyan pathway.


Apart from counteracting matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-3 (TIMP-3) has proapoptotic properties. These features have been attributed to the inhibition of metalloproteinases involved in the shedding of cell surface receptors such as the TNFR. However, little is known about effects of TIMP-3 in cells that are not susceptible to apoptosis by TNF-α. In this study, we report that gene transfer of TIMP-3 into human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and MRC-5 human fetal lung fibroblasts facilitates apoptosis and completely reverses the apoptosis-inhibiting effects of TNF-α. Although TNF-α inhibits Fas/CD95-induced apoptosis in untransfected and mock-transfected cells, fibroblasts ectopically expressing TIMP-3 are sensitized most strongly to Fas/CD95-mediated cell death by TNF-α. Neither synthetic MMP inhibitors nor glycosylated bioactive TIMP-3 are able to achieve these effects. Gene transfer of TIMP-3 inhibits the TNF-α-induced activation of NF-κB in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and reduces the up-regulation of soluble Fas/CD95 by TNF-α, but has no effects on the cell surface expression of Fas. Collectively, our data demonstrate that intracellularly produced TIMP-3 not only induces apoptosis, but also modulates the apoptosis-inhibiting effects of TNF-α in human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast-like cells. Thus, our findings may stimulate further studies on the therapeutic potential of gene transfer strategies with TIMP-3.


We have previously shown a novel link between hPar-1 (human protease-activated receptor-1) and β-catenin stabilization. Although it is well recognized that Wnt signaling leads to β-catenin accumulation, the role of PAR1 in the process is unknown. We provide here evidence that PAR1 induces β-catenin stabilization independent of Wnt, Fz (Frizzled), and the co-receptor LRP5/6 (low density lipoprotein-related protein 5/6) and identify selective mediators of the PAR1-β-catenin axis. Immunohistological analyses of hPar1-transgenic (TG) mouse mammary tissues show the expression of both Gα12 and Gα13 compared with age-matched control counterparts. However, only Gα13 was found to be actively involved in PAR1-induced β-catenin stabilization. Indeed, a dominant negative form of Gα13 inhibited both PAR1-induced Matrigel invasion and Lef/Tcf (lymphoid enhancer factor/T cell factor) transcription activity. PAR1-Gα13 association is followed by the recruitment of DVL (Dishevelled), an upstream Wnt signaling protein via the DIX domain. Small interfering RNA-Dvl silencing leads to a reduction in PAR1-induced Matrigel invasion, inhibition of Lef/Tcf transcription activity, and decreased β-catenin accumulation. It is of note that PAR1 also promotes the binding of β-arrestin-2 to DVL, suggesting a role for β-arrestin-2 in PAR1-induced DVL phosphorylation dynamics. Although infection of small interfering RNA-LRP5/6 or the use of the Wnt antagonists, SFRP2 (soluble Frizzled-related protein 2) or SFRP5 potently reduced Wnt3A-mediated β-catenin accumulation, no effect was observed on PAR1-induced β-catenin stabilization. Collectively, our data show that PAR1 mediates β-catenin stabilization independent of Wnt. We propose here a novel cascade of PAR1-induced Gα13-DVL axis in cancer and β-catenin stabilization.


Simulation on the yarn irregularity and break was performed by using the steady-state single filament melt spinning theory described in a previous report (Part 1).Following results are obtained; (1) Linear density variation of as-spun yarn depends upon both the calculated value of 1/V (dV/dx) as response and the extent of disturbance of cooling air at the maximum point of this value, (2) Spinning instability which is caused by the twitching beneath the orifice increases with the increase of spinning temperature and is simulated by introducing the calculated value of the stress beneath the orifice as response, (3) Simulation of unevenness properties of as-spun yarns among the nozzles is performed by calculating the dependency of out-put values, for example, σ95 on any spinning conditions. When dependency is large, unevenness is simulated to be severe, (4) Brittle rupture of yarn is estimated by the value of the yarn stress after perfect cooling.


In early 2001, the Stephens Mitchell Trust (hereafter "the trust") learned that Hough ton Mifflin was planning to publish a parody of Margaret Mitchell's 1936 novel, Gone with the Wind. A historical romance that opens in 1861, the novel recounts the life and loves of a sensational Southern belle named Scarlett O'Hara before, during, and shortly after the Civil War. Houghton Mifflin's parody, The Wind Done Gone by Alice Randall, overlaps this historical period and tells the story of Gone with the Wind in the dialect and from the perspective of Cynara, a black woman who alleges two remarkable things: first, she is the half-sister of Scarlett, the result of an adulterous relationship between Scarlett's father and the mammy; second, Scarlett herself is partially black, the descendant of a great-great-grandmother who was a "N?gresse" in Haiti. Needless to say, The Wind Done Gone mortified the trust, which not only owns the copyright to Mitchell's bestselling and Pulitzer Prize-winning novel but also authorizes the creation and marketing of the novel's derivatives (which have included a 1939 film adaptation, a 1976 television series, a couple of literary sequels in the past two decades, and memorabilia). Since it did not authorize the publication of The Wind Done Gone, the trust hired a legal firm to send a letter to Houghton Mifflin threatening court action. The trust believed that if Houghton Mifflin promoted and published The Wind Done Gone, the publisher would be illegally infringing on the copyright of Gone with the Wind. Houghton Mifflin ignored the trust's demands and proceeded with its plans for the novel. In response, SunTrust Bank (which, as the plaintiff, represented the trust) filed a com plaint in March 2001 against Houghton Mifflin in the District Court for northern Georgia, urging the court to enjoin the release of The Wind Done Gone and punish the publisher with a payment of $10 million to the trust. The following month, Houghton Mifflin (as the defendant) filed its opposition to SunTrust Bank's com plaint and lawsuit. In what would become SunTrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Company, the defense focused on the political value of The Wind Done Gone's parody of Gone with the Wind. To make a long story short, the publisher characterized the novel's significance in this way in order to show that the so-called fair use doctrine in US copyright law protects from copyright infringement any literature that communicates free, political speech. Although SunTrust Bank won the case in District Court, the Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit vacated this result, declaring that the district judge, Charles A. Pannell Jr., had abused his discretion when he prioritized copy right protection over free speech. When the Circuit Court remanded the case to the District Court with specific instructions, SunTrust Bank and Houghton Mif flin settled out of court, and The Wind Done Gone went on sale in stores. Houghton Mifflin's description of The Wind Done Gone as a political parody, and therefore


Two new cis-ring fused clerodane diterpenes, raspailenone (1) and raspailol (2), have been isolated from a Raspailia species collected from subtidal waters of the South Island of New Zealand. The structures of the two compounds have been established by spectroscopic methods.


The author re-explained the economic meaning of spacial structure in minority area using new economic geography model,and concluded that the spacial structure in minority area does not facilitate its economic development.The factors,including small market range of minority area,low degree of work division,small increasing rate of scale and reward,and high transportation cost,do not facilitate industrial gathering,and have restricted the economic development of minority area.At last,relevant policies and suggestions were proposed.


The literature aimed at exploring labor regulation and cross-country comparisons has left partly unexplored two major points: the first is the influence of employees within managerial processes, through the channel of employee representation at firm level. The second point concerns potential complementarities or substitutions between patterns of ownership or shareholder protection and labour regulation. The paper offers a critical overview of some selected studies that have started at filling these gaps by considering labour institutions for their influence on the 'balance' of power inside the firm, between owners, management, and employees. Firstly, it examines the literature which gives a central importance to the effects of legal origins on labour regulation and labour market outcomes. Secondly, it reviews the studies which focus on informal rules and de-facto practices and favour a stakeholder approach. A particular concern is paid to the overall consequences of the different institutional setups in the perspective of the "varieties of capitalism", in which systems of labour regulation exert their function by strategical interactions with other institutions. Finally, it presents recent theoretical and empirical studies centring on employee investments in firm-specific human capital and on institutional devices which have the effect of tying the fortunes of the employee together with those of the firm. In the varieties of capitalism characterised by general skills and patterns of radical innovation, it is emphasized the internal governance exerted by 'critical employees'. In economies with firm and industry specific skills, cooperation of employees with management in more shareholder value oriented firm ('negotiated shareholder system') are the more successful roads.


A monolithic half-wave hybrid variable thickness radome (hy-VTR) is proposed here for airborne applications. The 3-D ray-tracing (in conjunction with aperture integration method), which is adapted here to evaluate the radome performance parameters, facilitates efficient analysis of antenna-radome interactions. The optimized power reflection hy-VTR design is established to be superior to the conventional constant thickness radome (CTR) designs in terms of the EM performance.