The labour processes and employment relations that characterise the working conditions of many professional workers might be expected to generate the high-trust environment required for cooperative, partnership-style management–union relations. However, few studies have focused on partnership in 'professional' and 'expert labour' employment sectors. This paper assesses the efficacy of partnership through the lens of manager, union and employee attitudes at three cases studies notable for employing high numbers of staff in the professions and 'marginal professions'. The analysis focuses on the nature of the cooperative relationship between union representatives and management (categorised as either 'nurtured' or 'coerced partnership'), whether unions in these settings are able to expand the range and scope of their influence, and whether professional workers themselves display positive attitudes to cooperative union forms. The study finds that in all three cases the 'partnership' union is seen by its members as a weak, insubordinate entity in terms of collective influence over management policy though in the two 'nurturing' cases they see it to be more effective for individual member representation.


Abstract This article seeks to determine the effect of the amount of public debt on the long-run economic growth of the Israeli economy, using data from the years 1983–2013. The accepted economic perspective is that the influence of public debt on the economy depends on the ratio of the size of the debt to GDP. This article will also measure the influence of the size of public debt in accordance with this ratio, with the implication being that the larger the debt, the larger the ratio of debt to GDP. It will indicate that the relationship between the ratio of public debt to GDP and economic growth appears graphically as an inverted U shape. Such a relationship implies that for relatively low levels of debt to GDP ratio there is a positive effect on growth and only at higher levels of this ratio does the marginal effect become negative. The article was not able to locate the exact inflection point at which the influence becomes negative, but it can be determined that this point lies within the range of a debt to GDP ratio of 130% and greater. These results are contrary to other results which have shown that the negative influence begins at a ratio of 90%.


Factors affecting the storage of barley grain cv. Julia were studied during four seasons in underground pits constructed on Butser Ancient Farm, Hampshire. Grain stored well overwinler except when the rainfall during the storage period was sufficient to increase grain water content grcatly. In the wet seasons, the outermosl grain in some pits increased to more than 50'); waler conlenl, spontaneous heating occurred and carbon dioxide concentrations exceeded 30i;. Otherwise most grain remained drier lhan 35i;, waler content, temperatures remained less than l3''C and carbon dioxide concentrations werc less than 25i,.. ln good seasons at least 9091, of the grain germinated following storage but in bad. less than 59; germinated from some pits. Grain was stored successfully in pits of different shapes and sizes but beehive-shaped pits were less wasteful of grain than cyhndrical pits. Most important was an efficienr top seal to prevent entry of rain and to retain carbon dioxide, while siting the pit within a round house ensured successful grain storage in all seasons. Penicillium species and members of thc Aspergillus glaucu"group were the predominat fungi isolated. supplemented by other species in the damper, outermost grain and in the pit structure. It was concluded thal esimates of the population of Iron Age seltlements based on pit numbers and size are unreliable.


Microwave Si avalanche diodes with a nearly-abupt-type junction have been made. The maximum output power so far obtained in CW operation is 1.1 watts at 12 GHz with an efficiency of 7.7 percent. The maximum efficiency observed is 8.0 percent. The improved performance over the previously reported p \nu n structure, for which the best result was 250 mW at 12 GHz with an efficiency of 2.8 percent results from a reduction in length of the avalanche region in the abrupt junction. In the previously reported p \nu n diode the efficiency is still sharply increasing at the burnout point, while in the present diode the efficiency is nearly saturated at the burn-out point. The advantages and disadvantages of using different polarity of the diode (p on n or n on p) and different material (Ge) are given. Small-signal theory was used to analyze device operation.


Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of goats in the Yangtze River region using microsatellite and mtDNA to better understand the current status of those goat genetic diversity and the effects of natural landscape in fashion of domestic animal genetic diversity. The genetic variability of 16 goat populations in the littoral zone of the Yangtze River was estimated using 21 autosomal microsatellites, which revealed high diversity and genetic population clustering with a dispersed geographical distribution. A phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial D‐loop region (482 bp) was conducted in 494 goats from the Yangtze River region. In total, 117 SNPs were reconstructed, and 173 haplotypes were identified, 94.5% of which belonged to lineages A and B. Lineages C, D, and G had lower frequencies (5.2%), and lineage F haplotypes were undetected. Several high‐frequency haplotypes were shared by different ecogeographically distributed populations, and the close phylogenetic relationships among certain low‐frequency haplotypes indicated the historical exchange of genetic material among these populations. In particular, the lineage G haplotype suggests that some west Asian goat genetic material may have been transferred to China via Muslim migration.


The sensitivity of photoacoustic sensors strongly depends on the shape of the acoustical resonator. Up to now, mainly photoacoustic sensors consisting of a number of cylindrical parts have been investigated (cylinder cells, H cells, T cells etc.). In this paper, a numerical shape optimization of the resonator cell of photoacoustic sensors is described. The approach considers all shapes that can be represented by a number of axisymmetrical truncated cones which are connected in a continuous way. In addition, the geometry of the cell is subjected to certain constraints, e.g. the laser beam should not be blocked during its passage through the cell. The purpose is to maximize the sensor's signal strength. The acoustic pressure at the microphone of the sensor represents the objective function and is calculated using an eigenmode expansion combined with a finite element calculation. The solution of the 9-dimensional nonlinear optimization problem is a resonator shape with a substantial quality improvement with reference to the well-known H cell.


It is indisputable that the generation of public policies for the promotion of employment in young people has been a matter of concern in many contemporary states. Although the necessary tension has not always been provided, it is indisputable that the private sector in one of the fundamental components where the initiative to generate this type of category could favor the reduction of unemployment. Establishing the main doctrinal and practical postulates around this problem constitutes the main objective of the work. For this, a quantitative methodology has been used with a descriptive approach, which as a whole has guaranteed to achieve the stated objective. As a methodology, the bibliographic-documentary review has been used, allowing the consultation of important references on the subject. All this has allowed, to establish, the main elements related not only with public policies, but with the possibility of promoting employment and young people in the private sector in Ecuador, guaranteeing the approach of a set of actions that could constitute pillars to be considered for such purposes.
KEY WORDS: Public Policies; Job; Private Sector; Employment Generation.


A high performance liquid chromatography- photodiode array detector for determining the content of melamine in high protein food was studied. In this paper, different pre-treatments were used in different samples. A Agilent TC-C18 column was used with methanol and 0.02 mol/L ammonium sulfate (94∶6, V∶V) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min. A diode array detector was used and the detection wavelength was 235 nm. Qualitative analysis was performed with retention time and DAD spectrum similarity index value and quantitative analysis was performed with external standard method. The calibration curve was linear over a range from 0.1μg/mL to 150.0 μg/mL. The lowest detected limit was 0.01mg/kg. The recoveries of different samples were from 98.8% to 101.5% and relative standard deviations were less than 1.0% (n=10). The linearity was 0.1 to 150 μg/mL, detection limit of melamine was 0.01 μg/mL and related coefficient was 0.999 9.


Certain fissure-filling veins of Tertiary age in the Northern half of the Boulder batholith of Montana were found to contain small commercial concentrations of uranium. Siliceous reef veins were composed chiefiy of microcrystailline quartz with microscopic inclusions of pyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetrahedrite, argentite, and uraninite comprisings few ppercent of the volume. Base metal veins contain megacrystalline quartz, abundant megaseopic sulfides of similar kinds to thuse in the reef deposits, and uraninite associated with later microcrystalline quartz and sulfides. Detailed mineralogical studies were made of representatives of both groups of uraniferous deposits. ( J.E.D.)


N2 -Intercalated crystalline mesoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3 ) was synthesized by a thermal decomposition technique with dodecylamine (DDA) as a surfactant template with a dual role as an N-atom source for N2 intercalation, alongside its conventional structure-directing role (by micelle formation) to induce a mesoporous structure. N2 physisorption analysis showed that the specific surface area (57.3 m2  g-1 ) of WO3 templated with DDA (WO3 -DDA) is 2.3 times higher than that of 24.5 m2  g-1 for WO3 prepared without DDA (WO3 -bulk), due to the mesoporous structure of WO3 -DDA. The Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectra of WO3 -DDA indicated intercalation of N2 into the WO3 lattice above 450 °C. The UV/Vis diffuse-reflectance spectra exhibited a significant shift of the absorption edge by 28 nm, from 459 nm (2.70 eV) to 487 nm (2.54 eV), due to N2 intercalation. This could be explained by the bandgap narrowing of WO3 -DDA by formation of a new intermediate N 2p orbital between the conduction and valance bands of WO3 . A WO3 -DDA-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode calcined at 450 °C generated a photoanodic current under visible-light irradiation below 490 nm due to photoelectrochemical water oxidation, as opposed to below 470 nm for ITO/WO3 -bulk. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE=24.5 %) at 420 nm and 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl was higher than that of 2.5 % for ITO/WO3 -bulk by one order of magnitude due to N2 intercalation and the mesoporous structure of WO3 -DDA.


There is certainly more than one way to think of self-realization as a value underlying freedom of commercial speech and its regulation. The accompanying Article argues for the distinctive importance of a particular version of self-realization: that of freely arrived-at human flourishing, personal development, genuine fulfillment, and even happiness itself. It is contended that the main current commercial free speech test, as developed in the Central Hudson case, can actually be interpreted as compatible with a relatively lax mere reasonableness test. Under our current broad cultural, institutional, and economic circumstances and power relationships, the most valuable forms of the free speech value of self-realization are generally best promoted by a mere reasonableness test of pure commercial speech regulations.


An alternative method of light stopping with applications for optical signal storage that utilizes a refractive index perturbation moving along a waveguide.


Developments in mobile and surveying technologies over the past decade have enabled the collection of Individual level geographic information at unprecedented scale. While this large pool of information is extremely valuable to answer scientific questions about human behavior and interaction, privacy intrusion is an imminent risk when detailed individual travel patterns are used for commercial purposes such as customer profiling, or even for political persecution. The GeoPrivacy workshop focused on discussing methods to protect individual's privacy in geographic information collection and analysis. GeoPrivacy 2014 (http://stko.geog.ucsb.edu/geoprivacy) was held in conjunction with the 22nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (SIGSPATIAL 2014) on November 4, 2014 in Dallas, Texas, USA. This workshop touched on an area of geospatial science that affects any researcher working with real-world geodata. With the recent rise in geosocial networking applications as well as advances on location-enabled mobile devices, the topic of geoprivacy has become a major discussion point both in location-specific research as well as everyday life. This workshop offered a unique platform from which to really delve into a dialog on issues related to privacy and credibility within the domain of geoscience and computational geography. The goal of this workshop was to bring together researchers, developers and users of geospatial data to explore methods, techniques, datasets and issues surrounding an area of GIScience that has attracted significant interest among researchers and the public. The workshop received 10 submissions of which 7 research papers (5 full and 2 short) were accepted for publication in the proceedings and for presentations (30 minutes for each paper). 1 The one-day workshop opened with a thought-provoking keynote from Dr. John Krumm and the remainder of the day was split in to two sessions, Privacy in Location-based Services andPrivacy Protection. The GeoPrivacy workshop conclused with a group discussion session which involved a round-table dialog on communal goals, ongoing projects and future directions for research. We would sincerely like to thank the authors for publishing and presenting their work at GeoPrivacy 2014, the keynote speaker and the program committee members and external reviewers for their thoughtful evaluation and help in the paper review process. We hope that readers of the workshop proceedings will find it interesting and it will motivate continued discussion on the future of geoprivacy-based research.


The irradiation of a very dilute solution of styrene in tetrahalomethanes causes addition of free radicals created in the solvent to the olefinic double bond. The mechanism is that of the classic chain reaction, certain characteristics of which were studied. (tr-auth)


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic anatomical left hepatectomy by guided middle hepatic vein approach.

Methods
The clinical data of 21 patients undergone anatomical left hepatectomy from Oct. 2015 to Jul. 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results
Among the 21 cases , the primary hepatocellular carcinoma were found in 4 patients (19.1%), the cholangiocarcinoma in 1 patients (4.8%), the giant hepatic hemangioma in 1 patients (4.8%), the hepatolithiasis in 15 patients (71.3%). All 21 patients were operated under laparoscopy and recovered. The operative time was 160-380 min, the average operative time was(248±56)min, the intraoperative blood loss was 100-700 ml. The average blood loss was(250±40)ml, the average length of hospital stay of the patients was 8-14(10±2)d.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic anatomical left hepatectomy guided by middle hepatic vein approach is a safe and effective operation.

Key words:
Laparoscopy; Hepatectomy; Hepatic veins


A key requirement for network management is the accurate and reliable monitoring of relevant network characteristics. In today's large-scale networks, this is a challenging task due to the hard constraints of network measurement resources. This paper proposes a new framework, SNIPER, which leverages the flexibility provided by Software-Defined Networking (SDN) to design the optimal observation or measurement matrix that can leads to the best achievable estimation accuracy using Matrix Completion (MC) techniques. To cope with the complexity of designing large-scale optimal observation matrices, we use the Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms (EOA) which directly target the ultimate estimation accuracy as the optimization objective function. We evaluate the performance of SNIPER using both synthetic and real network measurement traces from different network topologies and by considering two main applications including per-flow size and delay estimations. Our results show that SNIPER can be applied to a variety of network performance measurements under hard resource constraints. For example, by measuring 8.8\% of per-flow path delays in Harvard network, congested paths can be detected with probability 0.94. To demonstrate the feasibility of our framework, we also have implemented a prototype of SNIPER in Mininet.


With the great amount of attention now being paid by the media to AI, it would be naive, shortsighted, and even self-deceptive to think that there will not be public interest in scrutinizing, monitoring, regulating, and even constraining our efforts. What we do can affect people's lives as they understand them. People are going to ask not only what we are doing but also whether it should be done. We should be prepared to participated in open discussion and debate on such ethical issues.


Objective To investigate the Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis added Braun anastomosis in the prevention of postoperative reflux gastritis value.M ethods Add line Braun the conventional Billroth Ⅱ Gastroenterostomy based on anastomosis.And after 45-day to 60-day trip gastroendoscopy。 Results 55 cases of which 52 cases no bile reflux,3 patients with mild bile reflux,but in patients with no symptoms.C onclusion Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis plus Braun anastomosis together surgery,has a role to prevent reflux gastri tis,recent results were satisfactory.


The visualization of results from FEM calculations is an important step in the analysis of complex problems. Due to the fact that high performance graphic cards where only available to the limited area of workstations and graphic standards changed over long time periods, major development effort was set on the scientific simulation codes. Recent development of computer hardware made adequate computing and visualization power available to everybody and increased the necessity of easy to use preand post processing. For scientific use, it is important to provide the full user interface capabilities of the original finite element (FE) code due to code development and debugging reasons. While visualization aspects become important, the FE code has to provide all information to the post processor. The stage of development for an interface of GiD and FEAP will be demonstrated by examples of current research projects such as the process simulation of foam forming, model adaptivity for beams and an adaptive 3D implementation of hanging nodes.


The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the choice of exact methods for determining the parameters of the operation of autotractor engines.


In order to achieve a cashless society, many countries have started to use electronic payment methods and tools to replace traditional payment methods. China and Sweden already have mature electron ...


In this investigation with 398 Nepalese secondary school children, participation in sport was a function not only of sex but also of nonacademic self-esteem and family status as measured by parental education.


Aim: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic disease observed especially in women. The International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group recommends scoring systems for diagnosis using clinical and laboratory data. All scoring systems gave points to autoantibodies as anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibody (SMA) positivity. This study investigates the impact of the co-positivity of the ANA and SMA antibodies on the autoimmune hepatitis diagnosis.
Material and Method: We monitored 78 autoimmune liver disease (autoimmune hepatitis, AIH) suspected patients with positive SMA antibody and then further tested for ANA between 2014 and2021. SMA test was screened at 1/40 and 1/100 titers and patients who were positive were taken to further dilution. The ANA test was screened at a titer of 1/40 and 1/160, a positive result was found to be repeated with advanced dilutions. All patients' autoantibody scores of simplified AIH diagnostic system were calculated.
Results: Seventy eight patients with positive SMA antibodies screened for ANA test with 1/40 and 1/160 titer, only 2 patients was found to be negative. The most frequently observed ANA pattern is cytoplasmic linear fibrils (68% ). The 95% ANA positive results was examined at a screening titer of 1/160. The 95% SMA positive results was found at a screening titer of 1/100. The autoantibody scores of 76 patients were +2, patient's scores were +1.
Conclusion: SMA antibody positivity is accompanied by a high rate of ANA antibody positivity but the co-positivity didn't effect diagnostic score systems. On the other the co-positivity could be a sign of another associated autoimmune diseases.


We study a pair (\mathcal{S}_0,\mathcal{S}) of irreducible Hermitian Symmetric Spaces of compact type (cHSS) in this paper, with the first aim being classifying all the admissible pairs (\mathcal{S}_0,\mathcal{S})). This notion is a natural generalization of the pairs of sub-diagram type originated by Jaehyun Hong and Ngaiming Mok ([HoM 10]). Based on this classification, we partially solve the rigidity problem for the admissible pairs (\mathcal{S}_0,\mathcal{S}) which was raised by Mok and Zhang (2014) ([MoZ 14]), culminating in determining a sufficient condition for the pairs being non-rigid and proving that special pairs, which show up in the classification procedure, are algebraic, as a weaker result than being rigid. However, whether special pairs are rigid or not remains unknown and needs further investigation in the framework of VMRT theory.


For fracturing of multilayers in long interval,conventional method was to frac the layer one by one,while most of the other layers could not get improved at the same time.And sometimes,the fractured layer was not the target one,which greatly weakened the fracture effect.However,if we change to reprocess the other layers,both the operation difficulties and costs will be increased.So we developed a separate layer frac tool which completed the frac technology.This frac string consists of multiple frac-pack,hydraulic anchor and sliding side sad blower.The new technology has been used in operation and all succeeded completely.It's easy to operate,cost saving,and shortened the operation period.


Experiments were carried out to investigate the role of the gut in the osmotic balance of the land slug Ariolimax columbianus. Previous investigators have shown that absorption of nutrients, calcium, and some heavy metals occurs in the slug's digestive gland and intestine. The only function suggested for the rectum, beyond transfer of the fecal mass, has been its possible involvement in lipid absorption. We collected hemolymph and fluids contained in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract and compared these with respect to osmotic pressure as well as to concentrations of ions (sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride), glucose, and amino acids. The osmotic pressure of rectal contents was found to average one-quarter the values of other fluids. In in vitro experiments sacs of intestine and rectum exposed to 1:4 mucosa:serosa osmotic gradients for 1 h showed transfer of fluid across the sac wall into the surrounding fluid. This transfer was significantly enhanced in the case of the rectum but not of the intestine, after dehydration or loss of hemolymph, and during immersion of the sacs in media containing the gastropod neurotransmitters FMRFamide, norepinephrine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine, as well as arginine vasotocin. The data indicate that the rectum of the slug serves as a small but ready source of water available for use under conditions of acute water deficiency.


It is clear from the events of the last 18 months that while technology has a huge potential for transforming the way we live and work, the entire ecosystem—from manufacturing to the supply chain—is vulnerable to the vagaries of that ecosystem, as well as having the potential to exacerbate new and existing inequalities [...]


We present a full derivation of the interaction Hamiltonian for holes in Silicon within the six-band envelope-function scheme, which appropriately describes the valence band close to the $\boldsymbol{\Gamma}$ point. The full structure of the single-hole eigenstates is taken into account, including the Bloch part, and the scattering processes caused by the Coulomb interaction are shown to be both intraband and interband; the interband terms are mostly short-ranged. In the asymptotic long-range limit, the effective potential tends to the screened Coulomb potential, and becomes purely intraband, as assumed in previous models. Our findings can be directly used for realistic exact-diagonalization calculations related to systems of interacting holes in Silicon nanostructures, such as quantum dots.


Intestinal parasitism represents an important public health problem in Peru, especially in areas with inadequate environmental sanitation, for this reason a descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with the objective of determining risk factors associated with intestinal parasitism in 439 children under 11 years of PP. JJ Fanny Abanto Calle who were treated at the Jorge Chavez Health Center, during January to December 2017. They underwent serial coproparasitological examination, with the direct method SSF and Lugol, and the Graham Test. The samples were processed in the laboratory of the Jorge Chavez Health Center. A family health card (FSF) was applied to the parents, which served as a tool to obtain data referring to the study. We used the statistical program IBM SPSS v.21 and Chi Square of Pearson with a significance of 95%. The results found that 77.68% had intestinal parasites. In relation to parasites 53.30% with protozoa, 8.88% with helminths and 15.49% with both. In relation to factors associated with intestinal parasitism, 87.02% have water and sewage in their homes, 35.99% live crowded, 38.50% live with animals, 45.10% have vectors and rodents in their homes, 28.47% practice onychophagia and 12.76% geophagia. The parasitic species with the highest prevalence were: Giardia lamblia 27.88% and Enterobius vermicularis 74.36%. Overcrowding, possession of intradomiciliary animals, geophagia, presence of vectors / rodents and onychophagia were found as risk factors associated with intestinal parasitism. It was evidenced that there is an increased risk of intestinal parasites in the study population that practice Onychophagia.


Under the background of the rapid development of the Internet information age and subculture ,hot-blooded animation achieves excellent cross-cultural communication in China and is well-loved.This article will take Demon Slayer as an example for case analysis,use the theory of use and satisfaction and the theory of 5W model,analyze the cultural communication content, audience and cultural industry of Japanese hot-blooded animation, and analyze the cultural content of Chinese animation. Through further comparative research, the path and method of crosscultural communication are obtained.


Social media technologies have reshaped our lives today and Zambian teachers do a massive use of smart phones, tablets, and other portable tools. In addition, they are continually searching for forefront innovations. Frequently, the utilization of these gadgets is not in manners foreseen by innovation advocates. This study focuses on exploring the use of social media platforms and the impact of such social networking services in the teaching and learning of mathematics by pre-service teachers. To explore pre-service teachers' use of social media in their teaching and learning experiences, the authors administered an adapted and validated research instrument via a quantitative survey system to a sample of 102 pre-service teachers from the Copperbelt University. Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were used to test the interplay of relationships between pre-service teachers' attitudes towards the use of social media based on year of study and gender, social media use and classroom integration, social media use, and mathematics pedagogy. Further, a statistical test was run to show whether positive correlations existed or not. Results disclosed that respondents showed an average use of social media tools in mathematics and provide a prediction model for pre-service teachers' future integration of social media in the teaching and learning of mathematics.


In this paper the complete set of modified Reynolds' equations for the active lubrication is presented. The solution of such a set of equations allows the determination of stiffness and damping coefficients of actively lubricated bearings. These coefficients are not just dependent on Sommerfeld number, as it would be the case of conventional hydrodynamic bearings, but they are also dependent on the excitation frequencies and gains of the control loop. Stiffness as well as damping coefficients can be strongly influenced by the choice of the control strategy, servo valve dynamics and geometry of the orifices distributed over the sliding surface. The dynamic coefficients of tilting-pad bearings with and without active lubrication and their influence on an industrial compressor of 391 Kg, which operates with a maximum speed of 10,200 rpm, are analyzed. In the original compressor design, the bearing housings are mounted on squeeze-film dampers in order to ensure reasonable stability margins during full load condition (high maximum continuous speed). Instead of having a combination of tilting-pad bearings and squeeze-film dampers, another design solution is proposed and theoretically investigated in the present paper, i.e., using actively lubricated bearings. By choosing a suitable set of control gains, it is possible not only to increase the stability of the rotor-bearing system, but also enlarge its operational frequency range.


Objective To discuss the clinical method of treatment of Pilon bone fracture.Methods Fourty-seven cases of Pilon bone fracture were were performed with typing according to Ovadia and Beals standard,and TypeⅠwas used plaster external fixation;Type Ⅱ was used the calcaneum skeletal traction plus manipulative reduction;Type Ⅲ was used open reduction and internal fixation and Ⅳ,Ⅴ were used limited internal fixation combined with outside clamp stand,meanwhile the patient were introduced to functional exercise and efficacy was evaluated.Results All patients were performed with 6~36 months follow-up(mean 19 months).Results in the forty-seven patients,twenty-seven were excellent,16 were good,4 were bad and excellent and good rate was 91.49%.Conclusion The Pilon bone fracture should de adopted suitable method of treatment according to the different typing.The choice of treatment opportunity and the early function exercise should be emphasized.


The field of bio-Mechatronics has extended applications in rehabilitation of upper limb power assist mechanisms. Most of the work is done on EMG based control of upper limb robotic arm movements at extreme positions only. This research, in addition to attaining extreme positions has used EMG signals to attain 3 intermittent positions of elbow between a modified range of elbow flexion and extension. Initially, two extreme and three intermittent positions that this study aims to achieve are specified. EMG signals are then recorded using Myo Armband Sensor at five specified positions. Features are extracted from the logged data. Based on a combination of distinguishing features, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is applied for categorizing the three intermittent positions from one of the two extreme positions.


The second-law performance of an industrial cogeneration unit driven by a gas engine was analyzed, using the test results described in a previous paper. This analysis was needed to identify each system loss and to quantify its effect on overall system efficiency. Exergy analysis was the first step in a complete thermoeconomic assessment of plant performance, aimed at evaluating in what way and to what extent part-load operating conditions influence both the global cost and the share allocated to each component.


This paper presents a novel distributed voltage control strategy to maintain the voltage of active distribution networks containing multiple microgrids. Local voltage regulation characteristics, such as power reserve, adjustment cost, and regulating speed, are identified first. According to a neighbors' voltage regulation characteristics, the microgrid coordinates neighborhood resources and asks them for coordination as soon as voltage problems occur. Microgrids schedule local resources based on a cooperative distributed model predictive control algorithm scheme with neighbor-to-neighbor communication. Tests are performed in an active distribution network with three microgrids. The numerical studies have shown that the proposed strategy mitigates the voltage fluctuation rapidly and efficiently with minimum operating cost.


Traffic matrix measurement provides essential information for network design, operation and management. In today's networks, it is challenging to get accurate and timely traffic matrix due to the hard resource constraints of network devices. Recently, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) technique enables customizable traffic measurement, which can provide flexible and fine-grain visibility into network traffic. However, the existing software-defined traffic measurement solutions often suffer from feasibility and scalability issues. In this paper, we seek accurate, feasible and scalable traffic matrix estimation approaches. We propose two strategies, called Maximum Load Rule First (MLRF) and Large Flow First (LFF), to design feasible traffic measurement rules that can be installed in TCAM entries of SDN switches. The statistics of the measurement rules are collected by the controller to estimate fine-grained traffic matrix. Both MLRF and LFF satisfy the flow aggregation constraints (determined by associated routing policies) and have low-complexity. Extensive simulation results on real network and traffic traces reveal that MLRF and LFF can achieve high accuracy of traffic matrix estimation and high probability of heavy hitter detection.


In this paper the winter construction process of radiation protection concrete in radiotherapy center of Houma people hospital is mainly elaborated. At the same time the full procedural quality control is proposed from some aspects, which contain quality of raw materials, installation of mould, mix proportion design of concrete, pouring method and cracks prevention measures.


These authors questioned neuroradiology fellowship programs about the availability of "critical findings" lists and, if available, how these are distributed to trainees and whether they were vetted by corresponding clinical departments. Over one-half of programs responded and 41% had such lists. The lists were distributed during orientation, sent or made available electronically, and posted in work areas. Less than 25% of lists were developed with input from other departments. The most common entities found in the lists were: brain hemorrhage, acute stroke, cord compression, brain herniation, and spine fracture. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Joint Commission has identified timely reporting of critical results as one of the National Patient Safety Goals. We surveyed directors of neuroradiology fellowships to assess and compare critical findings lists across programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 3-question survey was e-mailed to directors of neuroradiology fellowships with the following questions: 1) Do you currently have a "critical findings" list that you abide by in your neuroradiology division? 2) How is that list distributed to your residents and fellows for implementation, if at all? and 3) Was this list vetted by neurology, neurosurgery, and otolaryngology departments? Programs with CF lists were asked for a copy of the list. Summary and comparative statistics were calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-one of 89 (57.3%) programs responded. Twenty-one of 51 (41.2%) programs had CF lists. Lists were distributed during orientation, sent via Web sites and e-mails, and posted in work areas. Eleven of 21 lists were developed internally, and 5 of 21, with the input from other departments. The origin of 5 of 21 lists was unknown. Forty CF entities were seen in 20 submitted lists (mean, 9.1; range, 2–23). The most frequent entities were the following: cerebral hemorrhage (18 of 20 lists), acute stroke (15 of 20), spinal cord compression (15 of 20), brain herniation (12 of 20), and spinal fracture/instability (12 of 20). Programs with no CF lists called clinicians on the basis of "common sense" and "clinical judgment." CONCLUSIONS: Less than a half (41.2%) of directors of neuroradiology fellowships that responded have implemented CF lists. CF lists have variable length and content and are predominantly developed by radiology departments without external input.


This paper presents a new method to identify the location of the voltage sag source using the multivariable regression model and the regression coefficients at all buses in a distribution system. If a fault occurs in a bus, the voltage of unmonitored buses is estimated by using the proposed model and the voltage deviation is calculated using the voltage magnitude before and after the fault. Then the maximum voltage deviation is selected to calculate the standard deviation from the maximum voltage deviations. The bus with minimum standard deviation is considered as the location of the voltage sag source. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, the IEEE 30 bus test system is used to identify the accurate location of voltage sag source. The branch current deviation model is considered to verify the accuracy of the multivariable regression model. The results showed that the multivariable regression model gives better accuracy than the branch current deviation model in locating the source of voltage sag.


The purpose of the article is to clarify the mechanisms of protection of economic entities from unfair competition in Ukraine. The subject of the study is measures to combat unfair competition. The research methodology includes the following methods of scientific knowledge: dialectical, logical, formal and logical, system and structural, method of analysis, legal forecasting method. Research results. The definition of unfair competition and its features provided in the works of domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed. The concepts of "economic competition" and "unfair competition" are considered, the manifestations of the latter are studied. Practical implementation. The mechanisms of protection of the rights of entrepreneurs are considered in detail with reference to the legal instruments, which regulate the order of their realization. Value / originality. The author's definition of the concept of "economic competition" is formulated.


The epidemic of COVID-19 has grown to pandemic proportions and the preventive and mitigation measures have been widely spread through the media. The cardiologists are called as consultants for the cardiovascular pathologies and echocardiography is a fundamental examination in many clinical situations, but not without risks for health staff. Società Italiana di Ecocardiografia e CardioVascular Imaging Council has decided to formulate a document aimed to highlight the importance of a correct indication and execution procedure of the echocardiogram during a COVID-19 pandemic.


For securing the RSSI-based ranging,a new protocol was proposed firstly,which achieved robustness by applying integrity coding and occupation of communication channel.The theoretical analysis showed the proposal was resilient to most conventional attacks including signal forgery and replay,also it can prevent adversary from attenuating the ranging signal,which reducing the measured distance.Furthermore,a new secure node positioning scheme for sensor networks was proposed by applying the proposed protocol above,in which,the distance enlargement attacks were further filtered out by verifiable multilateration.The detailed analysis was also given to shown it's robustness under external attacks.


STATUS AND RANK COMMENTS The Wyoming Natural Diversity Database (WYNDD) has assigned Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) a state conservation rank ranging from S3 (Vulnerable) to S4 (Apparently Secure) because of uncertainties in the species' abundance, the amount of occupied habitat, and population trends in Wyoming. An isolated population of Northern Flying Squirrel is found in the Black Hills of Wyoming and South Dakota. WYNDD assigns this population a state conservation rank of S1 (Critically Imperiled) and a Wyoming contribution of VERY HIGH.


Unsatisfactory physical condition of the soil in the village Oleksandrivka (Dniprovskyi district, Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine) necessitated a long-term research to find out the cause of this phenomenon. The type of soil of the experimental plot is established – chernozem ordinary low-humus leached on loamy forest. There are the soil section, the results of the spectral analysis of the soil, the humus content and the physicochemical properties of the soil of the research area. The article has the highlights results of chemical analysis of irrigation water from the reservoir on the Samara River. According to the results of the analysis, irrigated water belonged to the II quality class – "Limitedly suitable" in the all years of research. To establish the effect of class II water irrigation, the chemical composition of the water extract was determined. These researches showed on the anionic composition of the increase in SO4 ions relative to the option without irrigation for all years of observation. It was due to the entry of these ions into the soil along with irrigation water. Without irrigation the amount of sulfates gradually decreased. It was 2.25 meq/100 g of soil in the fifth year. There was a clear tendency to increase chlorine ions in irrigation option. The amount of chlorine increased to 1.5 times compared to the non-irrigated option. Therefore, the chemistry of the site was chloride-sulfate and sulfate.
According to the cationic composition, the largest amount was accounted for by sodium ions. The amount of Na + 1 in the irrigated option increased by 34% on average when comparing with the control option. In the absence of irrigation, the site is slowly desalinated by reducing the ratio of Na/Ca ions by an average of 8.7 units compared to irrigated options. For some years of research the soil without irrigation option was referred to the slightly saline type.


The logistical surface is nimble and adaptable but illegible to its authors. To better understand the implications of this condition, this article makes connections between human and machine systems by looking first to Norbert Wiener and then two related short stories: Rudyard Kipling's "With the Night Mail"and E.M. Forster's "The Machine Stops." The two texts establish political polarities that help to contextualize contemporary logistical worlds while also suggesting ways to discover alternative ones.


ABSTRACT The underlying principle of this current research was to characterize the cellulosic fibers that were retted from the roots of Acalypha indica L. plant to find their aptness for making green composites. Physical characterization tests were conducted and reported proving the reinforcing capability of these fibers which has a density of 1.356 g/cm3. Chemical composition tests conducted on these fibers showed the weight % of cellulose as 67.86. Amorphous constituents such as hemicellulose and lignin were present as 0.24 and 18.75 weight %, respectively. Wax, ash, and moisture were respectively present as 0.86, 2.13, and 10.16 weight % of fibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies purported the presence of both amorphous and crystalline contents of cellulose confirming the peaks of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. The fibers possessed a crystallinity index of 46.62% and their crystallite size was computed as 3.68 nm from XRD, with a good temperature bearing capacity of 225°C as ascertained from the thermo-gravimetric analysis. Conglomeration of fibrils and the roughness characteristics were evident from the scanning electron microscopic images and atomic force microscopic observations, respectively. Thus, it can be seen that this newly identified fiber are apposite reinforcements and can be explored further by infusing them in polymer matrices for making sustainable products.


Alcaligenes faecalis (Bacterium alcaligenes) is usually considered a harmless saprophyte in the human intestinal tract. It seems to be well established, however, that the organism can be pathogenic.1,2Human infection in a number of cases with the organism has been recorded, and the clinical picture has varied, depending upon the organ involved.3-9,12-40While A. faecalis has not been frequently encountered as a cause of disease in the newborn, there have been reports of meningitis in a 9-day-old premature twin who was treated with chloramphenicol and recovered4; three cases of fatal meningitis, two of which were associated with bacteremia in newborn infants5,6; three children with diarrhea and grossly bloody stools, one of whom died,7and one case of bilateral conjunctivitis in a 2-week-old infant.8 Infection with A. faecalis in infants is sufficiently rare to warrant reporting its occurrence; its isolation as the causative organism in


The main objetive of this Doctoral Thesis is the developement of an optical method for the automatic detection and characterization of surface structures over thin metallic wires (diameter 50 ¡ 500 1m), in particular longitudinal structures, which are considered the most important and frequent. For this reason we have analyzed the surface structure of a number of thin metallic wires by Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy and we have developed optical models based on the Kirchho¤ 's and Geometrical Theory of Di¤raction's solutions for the analysis of the di¤racted intensisty when the wire is illuminated with a beam in oblique incidence. In addition, we have constructed a laboratory prototype for the detection of surface defects and we have proccesed the images by spatial statistics procedures, particularly "kriging". We have also made several simpli...cations in order to use kriging in bidimensional images, and to determine the uncertainty.


State University College at Buffalo Buffalo, New York Except for an occasional textbook reference as "the father of the kindergarten" Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) remains a shadowy figure to many early childhood educators. His status is especially puzzling when one considers that he was once the acknowledged leader in the field. More than 125 years ago he pioneered many of the basic tenets of early childhood education-the value of play, self-activity, and social interaction. He had a firm grasp of many current concepts. He advocated the use of concrete materials for exploration, a variety of activities geared to the child's interest, the sequencing of materials, and he stressed the importance of language in the learning process. Add to these ideas his avant-garde nurturing of mother-infant interactions and homeschool relations, and his present obscure position appears all the more perplexing. Perhaps part of Froebel's present obscurity is due to his own writings, which are laced with vague, symbolic terms that discourage readers. A major part of his obscurity, however, can be attributed to a "bad press," which resulted from the rigid use of his methods, often by dedicated followers caught up in the rapid expansion of the American kindergarten movement at the close of the nineteenth century. Knowledgeable Froebelians were involved in teacher training, but many trainees learned Froebelian methods from inexperienced interpreters, and much was lost in the translation. Froebel left no clear methodology in his own writings, concentrating instead on his scholarly interest in mysticism. Consequently, misguided followers often relied on the structured use of The Elementary SchoolJournal Volume 79, Number 3


A previously developed Monte-Carlo ray-trace model has been modified to incorporate multiple luminescent species. Liquid luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have been fabricated to verify the ray-trace predictions for LSCs containing multiple luminescent dyes. Single dye and multiple dye solutions of varying concentrations can be easily prepared and inserted into the experimental liquid LSC setup. In this way, experimental uncertainties, such as reduction in the luminescent quantum yield, can be reduced. Hence, the spectral effects of various single and multiple dyes can be analysed and compared more accurately with ray-trace predictions. Initial results from the liquid LSC characterisation and comparison with model predictions are presented here.


Although participatory planning has become a well-established emphasis in the planning field, planners often find that land-use outcomes conflict with community goals, resulting in a dissatisfied citizenry. I argue that these conflicts often result from disconnects between steps in the planning process, which tend to occur in instances where the "baton" of implementation passes from one document or one agency to the next. I identify four common areas of disconnect within the planning process, propose explanations for each of the disconnects, and suggest ways to overcome this tendency for the planning process to break down.


The electron plasma frequency reduction factor has proved to be a fundamental design parameter in all types of microwave tubes employing long electron beams. This factor is here calculated for a variety of beam shapes and drift-tube cross sections, and the results are presented in a series of graphs. One interesting result is that the reduction factor for an annular beam depends primarily on the width of the annulus and is relatively independent of the radius of curvature of the beam.


Near field radar employing UWB (Ultra Wideband) signals with its high range resolution provides various sensing applications. It enables a robotic or security sensor that can identify a human body even in invisible situations. As one of the most efficient radar algorithms, the RPM (Range Points Migration) is proposed. This achieves fast and accurate estimating shapes of surfaces, even for complex-shaped targets by eliminating the difficulty of connecting range points. However, in the case of a complicated target surface whose variation scale is less than wavelength, it still suffers from image distortion caused by multiple interference signals mixed together by different waveforms. As a substantial solution, this paper proposes a novel range extraction algorithm by extending the Capon, known as FDI (Frequency Domain Interferometry). This algorithm combines reference signal optimization with the original Capon method to enhance the accuracy and resolution for an observed range into which a deformed waveform model is introduced. The result obtained from numerical simulation proves that superresolution UWB radar imaging is accomplished by the proposed method, even for an extremely complex-shaped targets including edges.


In order to study effect of wheat varieties,sowing date and density on the yield and yield components,wheat varieties,sowing date and rate were employed to study difference of winter and/or spring total stem number of wheat population,yield and yield components by using orthogonal experimental design of four level five factors L16(45).The result showed that,before winter,sowing rate had the greatest influence on basic seedlings while sowing date had the greatest contributions to total stem number;during spring,different varieties contributed significantly to single stem,ear number and total stem number.The effect of varieties on yield 3 factors was attracting whereas the effect of sowing date on spike number and 1000 grain mass was obvious,but not the same on grains per ear.The effect of sowing rate on 1000 grain mass was significant,but not great on spike number and grains per ear.Sowing date had the greatest contributions to yield,whilst varieties and sowing influence decreased progressively.Thus the optimal sowing date was between October 4th and October 10th,then the yield obviously declined when the sowing date put off.Wheat 895 was the excellent variety to have high yield.The proper sowing rate was between 210×104 and 270×104 per hm2 since the sowing density was too high or too low to have high yield.With best variety,best sowing date and rate and best population of winter and/or spring properties,the wheat yield was up to 9 000 kg/hm2.


The TB death rate i.e. the death of any patient on TB treatment from whatever cause is an increasingly important indicator for National Tuberculosis Programmes (NTPs). Reduction of the TB death rate by 50% is one of the global health targets agreed in Okinawa in 2000 and forms one of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) indicators for 2015. Despite this TB death rates have been increasing especially in countries with high HIV prevalence prompting an international policy for TB-HIV collaboration that includes HIV testing of TB patients and the provision of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to those who need it. Routine HIV testing and provision of ART is considered to be the optimal strategy for reducing the TB death rate and has been largely adopted by those countries most affected by the dual TB and HIV epidemics. (excerpt)


The antifungal activity of five substituted flavones and their mixtures with unsubstituted flavone or a flavanone was tested on malt extract agar against five Fusarium spp. 4′-Methylflavone and 2′,6′-dichloroflavone showed the highest activity while 4′-benzyloxyflavone caused the lowest inhibition of all test substances. A significant increase in the antifungal effect of the substituted flavones could be observed if mixtures in combination with the unsubstituted flavone or flavanone were used. Some aspects of structure-activity relationships are discussed.


An article by Dr. John R. Silson in the current issue of THE JOURNAL presents a proposal for a change in the classification of new drug clinical evaluations. The Food and Drug Administration was invited to comment on the proposal. We are pleased to have the opportunity of printing their response in the following communication from Dr. Robert M. Hodges, Director of the Office of New Drugs in the Bureau of Medicine.


In order to investigate the electric field concentration in the area of yoke clamp limb edge,using a 220 kV transformer as an example,it analyzed the three-dimension electric field between yoke clamp limb and high voltage lead of transformer by Pro/E model technology and Ansoft electric field analyzing software,and found that the trend and distance from high voltage lead to influence of clamp limb on the electric field distribution of the limb edge.By covering the surface of the limb with insulating pressboard,the field strength of the limb surface in the oil was reduced,and the electric fields distribution in the oil and the limb surface when the thickness of the pressboard was 1 mm,2 mm and 3 mm were obtained respectively.Results show that adding the insulation covering decreases the maximum field strength of the limb surface,which declines as insulation thickness increases.


The genomic constitution of two species in the genus Psammopyrum, i.e., Ps. athericum (2n = 6x = 42) and Ps. pungens (2n = 8x = 56), was studied by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). In Ps. athericum, one diploid chromosome set hybridized to a genomic probe from Pseudoroegneria ferganensis (St genome), one diploid set to a probe from Agropyron cristatum (P genome), and one diploid set to a probe from Thinopyrum junceiforme (EbEe genomes) or Th. bessarabicum (Eb genome). Substituting the St-genome probe with an L-genome probe from Festucopsis serpentinii resulted in exactly the same hybridization pattern, suggesting a genomic constitution of EStP or ELP for Ps. athericum. The same probes used on Ps. pungens showed two diploid sets of chromosomes hybridizing to the St-genome probe, one diploid set hybridizing to the P-genome probe, and one diploid set hybridizing to the EbEe-genome probe. The L-genome probe hybridized to approximately 14 of the chromosomes that were labeled by the St-genome probe. Hence the genomic constitution for Ps. pungens is proposed to be EStStP or EStLP.


Recently, there are many researches for a system which aimed at reducing of the risk on a rear-end collision such as a pre-crash braking system. We have been considering a system to reduce of the risk on a rear-end collision by system be installed on rear window of preceding vehicle. This paper suggests a system indicating the shift to a braking state of preceding vehicle to following vehicle in advance. The indicating information is output by auxiliary stop lamp. It was named "information of deceleration intention". Firstly, we measured the operation situation and state of accelerator / brake pedal in real traffic environment in order to decide the specifications of indicating method. These measurement results were shown that indicating method had a relationship of the trade-off between reliability of the information and degree of safety benefit. Indicating method was set to trigger the Cover BP (Cover Brake Pedal: the presence or absence of foot on a brake pedal) for the highest reliability. It indicates the information at Cover BP ON. Second, The system was constructed an indicating system using auxiliary stop lamp on an experiment vehicle. This paper showed a fundamental experiment to measure driver behavior at using system. From results, it understood that "deceleration" was suppressed at using system. We guessed that the slowdown behavior of following vehicle was hasty. In future, it will clarify about driver behavior in detail, psychological impression of driver, and the influence on traffic flow by increasing the number of subjects.


Abstract The topographical and histological localization of the precursors and the early stages of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix of the uterus were studied in specimens derived from 333 diagnostic cold knife conizations. The lesions examined included 56 dysplasias, 200 carcinomata in situ , 50 microinvasions, and 27 microcarcinomata. The significance of metaplasia in the development of carcinomata emerges from the fact that in 95.5% of cases these changes were either wholly or partly localized in the glandular zone, i.e., proximal to the last cervical gland. It is assumed that lesions situated in the epidermoid mucosa arise from the original squamous epithelium, possibly from the basal cells. It is also conceivable that certain lesions may be of mixed origin. The relatively high incidence of invasive alterations found within the epidermoid mucosa suggests that carcinomata in situ localized in this region may follow a particular biological pattern of behaviour.


We report on the recognition from a video of isolated alphabetic characters and connected cursive characters, such as Hiragana or Kanji characters, drawn in the air.

This topic involves a number of difficult problems in computer vision such as the segmentation and recognition of complex motion from a video. We utilize an algorithm called time-space continuous dynamic programming (TSCDP) that can realize both time and location-free (spotting) recognition.

Spotting means that prior segmentation of the input video is not required.

Each of the reference (model) characters used is represented by a single stroke composed of pixels.

We conducted two experiments involving the recognition of 26 isolated alphabetic characters and 23 Japanese Hiragana and Kanji air-drawn characters. Moreover we conducted gesture recognition based on TSCDP and showed that TSCDP was free from many restrictions required for conventional methods.


This paper reports on workload and situation awareness of pilots and controllers participating in a human-in-the-loop simulation using three different distributed air-ground traffic management concepts. Eight experimental pilots started the scenario in the en-route phase of flight and were asked to avoid convective weather while performing spacing and merging tasks along with a continuous descent approach (CDA) into Louisville Standiford Airport (SDF). Two controllers managed the sectors through which the pilots flew, with one managing a sector that included the Top of Descent, and the other managing a sector that included the merge point for arrival into SDF. At 3-minute intervals in the scenario, pilots and controllers were probed on their workload or situation awareness. We employed one of three concepts of operation that distributed separation responsibility across human controllers, pilots, and automation to measure changes in operator workload and situation awareness. We found that when pilots were responsible for separation, they had higher levels of awareness, but not necessarily higher levels of workload. When controllers are responsible and actively engaged, they showed higher workload levels compared to pilots and changes in level awareness that were dependent on sector characteristics.


In order to assess quantitatively the quality of optical fibres we are now producing routinely in our laboratories, we have carried out preliminary measurements, with a very simple system, and calculated the normalized mode conversion co-efficient (D). The values of D obtained are of the order of 2 × 10-5 rad-2 m-1 for our fibres and these compare very favourably with the results obtained in other laboratories.


Dynamic route guidance is an essential and fundamental technology for the development and application of car navigation systems. Functional tests of the roadside infrastructure are being conducted under the direction of various government agencies to determine the viability of this system as a provider of the dynamic information required for dynamic route guidance functions. If these tests are completed successfully in the near future, traffic centers will be able to collect a wide range of vehicle information, making it possible to provide detailed information according to current driver needs, for more efficient road use and ensuring safe, smooth traffic flow. Route searching is the fundamental technology most important to effective route guidance. When the route guidance function is considered, it is necessary to provide the driver with as many different routes as possible, at least for distant destinations. The on-board system also requires a function to constantly monitor that the driver is driving safely and judge whether the suggested dynamic route can actually be travelled. This paper discusses the multiple route search algorithm as a technology fundamental to the dynamic route guidance function. It also introduces the front vehicle recognition algorithm as a technology fundamental to the driving condition monitoring function.<<ETX>>


Kerry Sunderland examines how one new Australian documentary the burning Season might help change the world - albeit at Considerable Personal and Philanthropic Cost.


This paper is a first step in trying to develop a modeling and simulation framework that allows to incorporate the strengths of microsimulation in economic growth modeling in the context of demographic change. This is mainly done by restating and programming an existing neoclassical macroeconomic growth model in terms of microsimulation, which allows to explore and demonstrate some of the features microsimulation techniques can possibly "add" to this kind of modeling. The starting point of the analysis is the IIASA "Social Security Forecasting and Simulation Model", developed by the IIASA Social Security Reform (SSR) Project as described in MacKellar et al. (2000). This model was developed to study the influence of pension systems on the economy mainly by investigating long-run capital accumulation and economic growth as functions of the evolving age distribution of the population and the nature of pension schemes. Differently to most economic growth models, the IIASA macro-model explicitly introduces "realistic demography" by disaggregating the household sector (and all model outputs) by age cohorts. This kind of economic modeling is incorporated in a dynamic microsimulation framework by further disaggregation of the cohorts to the individual micro-level. Allowing for heterogeneous individual agents, economic and demographic behavior can be modeled taking into account a wide set of individual and household characteristics. As part of this research a "microSSR" software is developed, both as a tool for the testing of different behavioral theories and as a projection and forecasting tool.


New transparent surface crystallized glasses in the system of Sm2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 have been successfully fabricated. The second harmonic generation (SHG) from the crystalline phase at the surface layers has been confirmed from Maker fringe measurements. The irradiation of CW YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm induces sharp refractive-index changes or crystalline dot formation, depending on Sm2O3 content in the glasses. In 10Sm2O3⋅30Bi2O3⋅60B2O3 glass, refractive-index changes (not crystallites) are induced by laser irradiations (power: 1W, time: 1-250 s), and spherical spots with 2-45μm are formed. In 12.5Sm2O3⋅30Bi2O3⋅57.5B2O3 glass, crystalline dots with the diameters of 5-65μm are formed by laser irradiations (power: 0.5-0.7W, times: 1-250s). It is found that the crystalline dots generate second harmonic waves. Refractive-index changes by YAG laser irradiations were confirmed in 10Dy2O3⋅30Bi2O3⋅60B2O3 glass, supporting the model proposed by Sato et al. New Sm2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 glasses have a high potential as materials for "Ceramics Integration."


The modifications to the CIECAM97s color appearance model suggested by Fairchild5 are reviewed in light of some recent experimental results, and some suggestions are made for refining and extending these modifications. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 27, 164–170, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.10047


The present invention aims at providing pressure container suitable for various pressures and with simple structure and easy design and manufacture. The pressure container includes pressure container body, outer cover and quick-acting opening and closing mechanism in between. The pressure container body has one closed end and one open-mouthed end with notches and flanges; the outer cover inside the open-mouthed end is provided with several radial guide parts and guide slots; and the quick-acting opening and closing mechanism includes rotating sleeve, linking rods with one end pivoted to the rotating sleeve, pieces connected to the other ends of the linking rods to form one ring. Each of the pieces is provided with radial guide slot and radial guide part in the bottom corresponding to each of those in the outer cover.


Abstract Existing research on opinion shopping focuses primarily on managers' attempts to switch auditors in order to avoid the receipt of an unfavorable audit opinion. We extend this literature by examining whether firms successfully shop for auditors who will allow questionable accounting practices, as evidenced by opportunistic changes in accounting estimates following auditor switches. Using manually collected data from SEC filings and a difference-in-difference research design, we find an increase in the frequency of income-increasing discretionary changes in accounting estimates following auditor switches. We also find that these changes are associated with a higher likelihood of meeting or beating earnings' benchmarks, fewer going-concern opinions, more subsequent restatements, higher discretionary accruals, and negative annual stock returns. In contrast, falsification tests do not find these results for non-discretionary or incomedecreasing changes in estimates. In addition, we find evidence consistent with firms being more likely to switch to auditors that appear, ex-ante, more lenient towards income-increasing changes in estimates. Taken together, our findings are consistent with firms successfully shopping for compliant auditors who allow the use of opportunistic accounting that meets management's reporting objectives.


The origin of structures in central Sichuan area is discussed according to its structural characteristics and the regional tectonic setting of Sichuan basin. It is considered that the structure in central Sichuan area are formed under the regional tectonic stress of Sichuan basin and the local stress derived from the basement structure and different properties during Himalayan tectonic movement. It could be divided into such two stages as the early S-N compression stage and the middle-late NE-SW compresso-shear stage.


Web applications interact with the back-end database to retrieve data as and when requested by the user. Web applications (Like e-commerce, banking, shopping, trading, blogs etc.) are the backbone of today's online business industry. For activities like paying of bills & merchandize information must be kept safe with these web applications but unfortunately there is no guarantee of integrity and confidentially of information. The global exposure of these applications makes them prone to the attacks because of presence of vulnerabilities. These security vulnerabilities continue to infect the web applications through injection attacks. SQL injection attacks (SQLIA's) are one of the top most threat in database centric web application and SQL injections vulnerabilities(SQLIV's) are the most serious Vulnerability types.SQLIA allows the attacker to gain control over the database of an application resulting in financial fraud, Leak of confidential data, network hacking, deleting database, theft and many more to count. In this paper we have discussed the classification of SQL injection attacks and also analysis is done on basis of risk associated with each attack.


Disaggregate demand analysis based on utility maximisation was carried out in this study using revealed data on air passengers. Models were developed that explained passengers' choice of ground access mode in terms of access time, household car ownership, size of the access group and luggage count. Market segmentation allowed sub-models to be developed for leisure passengers, business passengers, passengers on domestic flights and international flights, passengers who earn less than £20 000 a year and passengers with an annual income of £20 000 or more. A multinomial logit approach was adopted considering its suitability in this study in which the choice set consisted of: car (long-stay parking), car (drop off ), taxi, metro and bus. Newcastle International airport, located in the north-east of England, was chosen as the case study. The addition of an extra automobile in a passenger's household was found to increase (× 6) the odds of using car (long-stay parking) rather than bus. In this study business tr...


Subsolid lung nodules are defined as focal lung lesions on computed tomography (CT) smaller than 3 cm with a ground glass component (1,2). This category includes nodules with only ground glass attenuation, called "pure ground glass nodules" or "nonsolid nodules", and nodules with both a ground glass and a solid component, called "part-solid nodules" (1,2).


The Naga King Chilli (Capsicum chinense Jacq) is one of the hottest chillies in the world. This chilli is native to the north eastern region of India and subsequently the geographical indication (GI) of goods tag for this chilli has been obtained by the Nagaland State Government. The chilli was recorded to be the hottest chilli in the world in 2006 with a Scoville heat unit (SHU) rating of 1,001,304. Currently it occupies the fifth position among the hottest chillies in the world. Due to its high potential commercial value, many studies has been carried out in this crop including scientific cultivation, in vitro regeneration, diversity and evolution studies and its diseases and their management etc. This review is an attempt to bring into account the various research work carried out so far in the crop including the traditional and ethno-medicinal uses.


Ele v en sedime n t samples h a v e been analy z ed to monitor the sedime n t chemi s try of Ri v er Jhelum, K ashmir v alle y , India. The pa r ame t e r s of ri v er Jhelum sho w ed r emar k ably wide r anges: SiO 2 conce n t r ation r anged f r om (52.3%-78.7%), Al 2 O 3 conce n t r ation r anged f r om (9.2%-14.45%), CaO conce n t r ation r anged f r om (1.68%-23.37%), F e 2 O 3 conce n t r ation r anged f r om (3.6%-8.46%), MgO conce n t r ation r anged f r om (0.6%-3.43%), Na 2 O conce n t r ation r anged f r om (0.7%-1.5%), K 2 O c on c e n t r a t i o n r a n g e d fr o m ( 0 . 6 % - 1 % ), M n O c on c e n t r a t i o n r a n g e d fr o m ( 0 . 3 % - 0 . 6 % ), T i O 2 conce n t r ation r anged f r om (0.7%-1.7%), P 2 O 5 conce n t r ation r anged f r om (0.36%-0.6%). Ri v er Jhelum is cha r ac t eri z ed by mode r a t e chemical ind e x of al t e r ation (44-79), r efl e cting mode r a t e we a thering in the sou r ce a r ea / c a t chment of the ri v e r . The K 2 O F e 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 triangular plot of the samples demon s t r a t e r esidual cl a y f ormat i on and Al 2 O 3 (CaO+Na 2 O)K 2 O triangular plot demon s t r a t e t r end of plots t o w a r ds the Al 2 O 3 ap e x and a r e a wa y f r om P AAS, thus booth triangular plots indic a t e mode r a t e we a thering at the sou r ce. Comparing Ri v er Jhelum sedime n t da t a to the po s


Apart from the Milky Way, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is the only other normal star-forming galaxy that was conclusively detected in high energy (> 100 MeV) gamma rays by the Energetic Gamma Ray Telescope (EGRET) on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. However, the sensitivity of EGRET was sufficient only to marginally resolve the LMC. We report on measurements of the gamma-ray emission from the LMC by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. For the first time an externally viewed star-forming galaxy is well resolved in gamma rays. We discuss the distribution of the LMC diffuse emission as seen by the LAT and implications for cosmic-ray physics.


In most cases of jaundice it is not possible to make a diagnosis by a single biochemical test, and it has sometimes been said that the so-called liver-function tests give littje assistance in the diagnosis of that condition. Maclagan (1947) considered that in routine hospital work it was not practicable to carry out the full battery of tests recommended by some American authorities, and showed that by combining the estimation of serum alkaline phosphatase with his thymol turbidity test it was usually possible to make a diagnosis. Maclagan's scheme is particularly well adapted to the limited time and facilities available in a general clinical laboratory, and the present report illustrates its application in a series of cases of jaundice at Townleys Hospital, Bolton. Although in a series of 200 cases Maclagan found no exception to the diagnostic criteria put forward, he gives


Communicable disease outbreaks ranging from measles to the Zika virus capture media headlines every day; however, as a nation, Americans largely die from heart disease and cancer. Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the USA.1 In 2016, more than 1.6 million new cancer cases will be diagnosed in the USA and 595 690 cancer deaths will occur.1 Moreover, 30% of cancer deaths are attributable to smoking—which means these deaths are preventable.2 Reductions in cigarette smoking over the last 40 years have reduced cancer-related disease and deaths, and there is strong evidence that sustained comprehensive tobacco control programmes have accelerated declines in smoking-related cancers.3–6

By investing US$46 million in the State and Community Tobacco Control (SCTC) Research Initiative, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recognised the power of population-based interventions to change the trajectory of cancer in the USA. Consistent with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Health Impact Pyramid, these interventions reach broad segments of society, employ fewer resources than clinical and educational interventions and are highly effective at preventing cancer and other chronic diseases.7

The SCTC Research Initiative is remarkable for its vision and high-quality cross-collaboration among researchers and practitioners, which resulted in an extraordinary level of productivity and useful research. NCI rightfully deserves considerable praise for funding a research initiative that:


Advances in numerical hydrodynamics now enable complete analytical treatment of the behaviour of moored offshore structures subject to adverse weather conditions. In this paper we describe a method of using wind, wave and current data to develop a mathematical model to predict the behaviour of offshore structures moored in shallow and confined rough waters. The model, which takes into account both the cost of moorings and safety of the structure, may be employed in the selection/design process of mooring systems and the prediction of mooring forces and motion responses of any type of offshore structure. The effect of nonlinear viscous drag and wave drift damping on the mooring system behaviour are accounted for. Mooring lines are simulated by lumped masses in which current drag forces and lines' elastic properties are included. A method of reducing motions and highly peaked tension forces is also proposed.Hydrodynamic forces of the structure are obtained by the 3D shallow water Green's function/integral equation method in which the irregular frequencies are removed by imposing an interior surface boundary condition. The numerical model is applied in the mooring design of a large floating dock and a catamaran ferry. Extensive experimental programme was mounted in a large seakeeping basin in order to validate our theoretical work. Models of two marine structures were constructed and subjected to the simultaneous action of wind, current and random waves. Correlation between calculations and measurements were good thus validating the numerical model.


Studies in Shanghai and in north‐east China indicate that cigarette smoking is a major contributor to the high rates of lung cancer in those areas, but doubts persist regarding the influence of cigarette use on lung cancer rates in other areas of China. In addition, the risk of lung cancer associated with other methods of tobacco consumption—in particular, the use of bamboo water‐pipes and long‐stem pipes—is uncertain. A population‐based case‐control study of 427 male lung cancer patients residing in a mining area of Southern China and 1,011 controls was carried out to address this and other issues. Of these patients, 63% smoked cigarettes and (water and longstem) pipes; 17% and 14% smoked only cigarettes or pipes, respectively; and 6% did not smoke. Compared to non‐smokers, smokers of cigarettes only, smokers of pipes only and mixed smokers were at increased risk; OR = 2.6 (95% CI 1.1–6.2), 1.8 (95% CI 0.8–4.2) and 4.1 (95% CI 2.3–9.2), respectively. Risk increased with duration of tobacco use; however, the rate of increase with years of cigarette use was significantly greater than for years of pipe use (p = 0.03). In addition, risks increased 8‐fold in the highest quartile of number of cigarettes per day compared to non‐cigarette smokers vs. 2.3‐fold for the highest quartile of number of liang (50 g) smoked per month compared to non‐pipe‐smokers; the trends in the ORs differed significantly (p < 0.001). Results suggest that, in this area of China, tobacco use is an important cause of lung cancer, and that smoking cigarettes may be more deleterious than smoking pipes (primarily water pipes).


Representation of videos is essential since it conveys an understanding of video content and enables many higher level tasks to be tackled efficiently. However, it is challenging to propose a rational representation for complex event videos, as most video information is either noisy or redundant. In this paper, we propose a compact event representation method that can concisely describe the inner modes of events. We deem that an optimal event representation scheme should reflect the long-term and high-level visual semantics (visual topics) of events, so different from previous frame-level video semantics representation methods and concept-based video representation methods, we investigate the problem from the perspective of segment-level video representations. We then present three appealing properties of segment-level visual semantics. Based on the observation, we propose different algorithms that rely on a novel deep-visual-word-based video encoding method to discover latent discriminative patterns of events. Finally, our multi-mode event representation is obtained by concatenating the discovered patterns as inner modes. We adopt our event representation for representative event parts mining, which can highlight the visual topics of events and remarkably prune the raw videos. We validate our event representation method based on complex event detection task. Experimental results on two standard benchmarking datasets, MED11 and CCV Dataset, show that the proposed method can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art approaches.


The dynamics of current-induced motion of a magnetic domain wall in a quasi-one-dimensional ferromagnet with both easy-axis and easy-plane anisotropy, is studied. We pay a special attention to the case of a sharp domain wall, and calculate the spin torque created by the electric current. The torque has two components, one of which is acting as a driving force for the motion of the domain wall while the other distorts its shape, forcing thus the magnetic moments to deviate from the easy plane.


In this relatively short book (90 pages of text), Battro covers considerable conceptual ground. The author presents the story of a boy named Nico, who underwent a right hemispherectomy at the age of 3 years to control medically intractable seizures. The book then goes on to describe the efforts made to assess this child's residual cognitive functions and to educate him using computer technology. From this, Battro guides the reader through discussions of cognitive psychology, "neuroeducation," and neuropsychology. The field of clinical neuropsychology was built upon lesion analysis, which involves correlating a "circumscribed region of damaged brain" with changes in behavior or function. In his enthusiastic writing style, Battro describes Nico's functional abilities, which exceed all expectations based on the lesion analysis model. The author then challenges the utility of lesion analysis in understanding the cognitive effects of hemispherectomy, and instead, proposes a "compensatory analysis" model. Compensatory analysis focuses on the functional capacity of the intact brain regions. Observation of an hemispherectomized individual's functional abilities serves as a basis for understanding how the intact hemisphere works to support these functions. Despite the importance of the conceptual shift from lesion to compensatory analysis, a weakness of the book is the broad generalizations that are made regarding the outcome of hemispherectomy. Battro fails to point out that "the amazing brainpower that is left in humans who have undergone hemispherectomy" may apply more to right than left hemispherectomized patients and that the outcome of hemispherectomy in adults is typically less promising than that seen in children. Battro trained under Jean Piaget in Geneva, and he discusses Nico's functional abilities within the context of Piagetian stages of cognitive development. Although there are interesting descriptions of the experimental tasks used to assess Nico's cognitive abilities, neuropsychologists will be disappointed with the lack of standardized assessment results. The author also draws extensively upon his experience using computers as "intellectual prostheses" and a highlight of the book is the description of the humanitarian use of computers for individuals with disabilities. This is an interesting and thought-provoking book. The straightforward writing style and glossary of technical terms make it accessible to a general audience. However, the book may be of particular interest to cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, educators of children with special needs, and others interested in brain–behavior relationships.


Low pasture growth rates in the South Island of New Zealand dictate the use of grazed crops and stored supplements over winter to feed dairy cows. However, grazed crops represent a significant risk for nutrient loss. Little is known about the extent of different wintering practices. The aim of the present research was to document the prevailing winter management practices in Canterbury, allowing changes in management to be tracked in the future. A telephone survey of 238 dairy farms in Canterbury (20% of the total 1208 farms) was completed in March 2016. Results indicated a heavy reliance on wintering off the milking platform (93% of the cow.weeks), mostly on support blocks managed by the dairy farmer (68%). Twenty-five per cent of the wintering occurred on a farm not owned or managed by the dairy farmer, commonly on arable farms. Kale (46%) and fodder beet (40%) were the most common winter crops fed to cows. Optimising kale and fodder beet management represents a significant opportunity to improve nutrient management and reduce nutrient loss from grazed crops.


This study aimed to determine the effect of Price Earning Ratio (PER),
Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Net Profit Margin (NPM) on Stock Returns of
companies listed in the Jakarta Islamic Index during 2013-2017 periods. The
dependent variable was stock return, while independent variables were price
earnings ratio (PER), debt to equity ratio (DER) and net profit margin (NPM).
Objects of this study were companies listed in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII).
Sampling used purposive sampling technique and obtained 15 research
samples. The analysis showed that the price earnings ratio (PER) and debt to
equity ratio (DER) variables have no effect on stock returns, while net profit
margin (NPM) has a positive effect on stock returns.


Aiming at extracting wind turbine rolling bearing fault feature against the background noise, the method of based on variational mode decomposition and bispectrum were proposed. Firstly, the rolling bearing fault signal was decomposed using VMD. The two components, which had obvious impact features, were extracted and reconstructed using the kurtosis-correlation coefficient criteria. Secondly, the reconstructed signal was analyzed using the bispectrum. The method has good noise suppression capability. Lastly, according to the bispectrum analysis, the fault feature of rolling bearing could be extracted. The analysis of rolling bearing fault simulation signal verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. And it was applied to extract the fault features of the bearing fault test signal. The different fault features of rolling bearing could be identified effectively. Thus the fault diagnosis can be achieved accurately.Aiming at extracting wind turbine rolling bearing fault feature against the background noise, the method of based on variational mode decomposition and bispectrum were proposed. Firstly, the rolling bearing fault signal was decomposed using VMD. The two components, which had obvious impact features, were extracted and reconstructed using the kurtosis-correlation coefficient criteria. Secondly, the reconstructed signal was analyzed using the bispectrum. The method has good noise suppression capability. Lastly, according to the bispectrum analysis, the fault feature of rolling bearing could be extracted. The analysis of rolling bearing fault simulation signal verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. And it was applied to extract the fault features of the bearing fault test signal. The different fault features of rolling bearing could be identified effectively. Thus the fault diagnosis can be achieved accurately.


Abstract We present a new technique, laser induced decohesion spectroscopy (LIDS), which is capable of measuring the practical work of adhesion G between a transparent polymer coating and an opaque coating or substrate. In LIDS, a laser pulse directed onto the sample creates a blister at the transparent/opaque interface. The blister's internal pressure depends on the laser pulse energy, and at a critical pressure the sample fractures, creating an annular debond similar to that obtained in the standard blister test. By measuring physical variables such as the curvature of the blister, and its radius and thickness, it is possible to deduce G, Here we measure G between an automotive clearcoat and four opaque basecoats of various pigmentations (black, white, red, metallic green) as a function of clearcoat thickness. We find that G depends on pigmentation due to the various pigment volume concentrations (PVC's) and specific pigment-binder interactions. Also, G depends on the clearcoat thickness when the thickn...


Mutation is one of the methods used for creating variability in plants. Among the several mutagenic agents, chemical mutagens are getting importance due to their effectiveness and ease in usage. An experiment was carried out to induce variability within the cultivar 'Surya' by chemical mutagen 'Ethyl Methane Sulphonate' (EMS), so that useful mutagens if any could be further selected and made use of. The variety 'Surya' is an advanced generation gynodioecious hybrid from the cross Sunrise Solo×Pink Flesh producing medium sized sweet fruits. The seeds of the variety 'Surya' extracted freshly from ripe fruits after controlled pollination were treated with EMS at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% concentrations. The germination was recorded until after all the seeds emerged. The treatment control recorded maximum germination percentage. Among the other treatments maximum percentage of germination was recorded at 0.1% concentration. Significant differences were recorded among the treatments for plant height, stem girth and number of leaves in the progenies. The LD50 was observed at 0.5% concentration.


High-precision and robust matching of multi-source remote sensing image matching is not easy to achieve because of non-linear intensity differences and significant geometric distortions. A new registration method is proposed by integrating the scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) and optimization of local self-similarity mutual information (LSS_MI). This method consists of two main steps. In the first step, SIFT approach with a reliable outlier removal procedure is implemented. By repeatedly fine turning several selected matched feature point coordination, a series of registration parameters are estimated by least square method and used to construct initial particle swarms. Then, a local self-similarity descriptor (LSS) is computed for pre-matching image pairs and the optimal match parameters are obtained by optimizing LSS_MI based on QPSO. The experimental results verify that the LSS-MI is more robust and accurate than regional mutual information in multi-source remote sensing image.


The purpose of this study was to assess the gross motor skills development among visually impaired children Total of 15 visually-impaired children participated in this study (7 males and 8 females), divided into three disability groups that are B1,B2 and B3 with age range between 7 -10 years old. They were assessed on locomotor and object control skills that include running, galloping, hoping, leaping, horizontal jumping, and sliding, striking, dribbling, kicking, catching, throwing and underhand roll. The subjects perform the Test of Gross Motor Development-2. One Sample T-Test was used to analyze the significant of the hypothesize showed that there was significant lower object control but not locomotor skill scores. (t=19.007, p=.000<0.05). The mean value for Locomotor Skills for running group B1 is 6.60±.894, group B2 is 7.00±1.732 and group B3 is 7.20±1.095 while for gallop group B1 is 4. 6.00±2.828.The gross motor skill result of the subjects are at the satisfactory level and the subjects give a full cooperation.


Abstract : The observation model Y sub i = Beta(i/n) + epsilon sub i, 1 or = n, is considered, where the epsilon's are i.i.d. mean zero and variance sigma-sq and beta is an unknown smooth function. A Gaussian prior distribution is specified by assuming beta is the solution of a high order stochastic differential equation. The estimation error delta = beta - beta-average is analyzed, where beta-average is the posterior expectation of beta. Asymptotic posterior and sampling distributional approximations are given for (abs. val del)square when (abs. val)square is one of a family of norms natural to the problem. It is shown that the frequentist coverage probability of a variety of (1 - alpha) posterior probability regions tends to be larger than 1 - alpha, but will be infinitely often less than any epsilon 0 as n approaches infinity with prior probability 1. A related continuous time signal estimation problem is also studied. Keywords: Bayesian inference; Nonparametric regression; Confidence regions; Signal extraction: Smoothing splices.


In this study, we analyze the supply-demand balance in a power system for the year 2030, utilizing an optimal power generation mix model in which the increased amount of renewable energy, high-efficiency thermal power generation, and constraint conditions that reflect realistic operation in a thermal power plant have been successfully incorporated. Our results indicate that the introduction of high-efficiency thermal power generation is capable of yielding a substantial reduction in both the annual costs involved in power generation and the annual amount of CO2 emissions. Moreover, the impact of high penetration of renewable energy on power supply operation is investigated in detail by estimating the daily capacity variation for frequency control at an interval of 15 min. Depending on the season and the weather conditions, our analysis detects that much of the time there is a capacity shortage for frequency control, which implies that high penetration of renewable energy could lead to severe integrity reduction in power operation. Finally, we discuss practical strategies for power supply operation toward resolving this capacity shortage with a particular focus on the resulting economic loss. 1. 緒 言 東日本大震災後,2012 年に政府が発表した「革新的エネルギー・環境戦略」(エネルギー・環境会議,2012)で は,2030年に向けたエネルギーシナリオ(以下,政府シナリオ)が一新され,原子力を稼動しない社会の実現が 大きな目標に掲げられた.その具体的な方策の一つは,再生可能エネルギーの大量導入であり,2010年比でおよ そ三倍とする積極的な目標値が設定された.しかしながら,2014 年のエネルギー基本計画(資源エネルギー庁, 2014)は一転して,再生可能エネルギーの導入量を見直す内容となっており,「環境適合性」「経済効率性」「安定 供給の確保」の三要素が備わった将来の最適電源構成の議論は今なお混沌としている. 再生可能エネルギーの導入量が正確に定まらない要因の一つは,大量に導入した場合,電力の供給が著しく不 高尾 康太,原 祥太郎,桐山 毅 橋本 彰,金子 祥三,泉 聡志,酒井 信介 Analysis on demand and supply operation in electric power system under high renewable penetration using optimal power generation mix model Kota TAKAO, Shotaro HARA, Tsuyoshi KIRIYAMA, Akira HASHIMOTO, Shozo KANEKO, Satoshi IZUMI and Shinsuke SAKAI Received 10 June 2014


Drive device for driving rollers of machines for processing metal products comprising rollers able to rotate, the rollers defining respective axes of rotation, the drive means comprising motor means (1) for transmitting rotation to said rollers (8), for transmitting the motion from said motor means (1) to said rollers, wherein the transmission means include, for each roller (8), a first set of reduction gear pinion (21) and a sprocket articulated chain (22), a second set of reduction gears movement and central planetary gear (2), a distribution spur gear (3 ') connecting said second set of reduction gears to a shaft (4 ) for transmitting rotation to the roller.