[1] Using data from the high-energy neutral atom (HENA) imager onboard the IMAGE satellite, we examined the relation between the SYM-H index and the ring current energy during a storm main phase. The energy range of the energetic neutral atom (ENA) flux data used here is 16–120 keV for hydrogen and <180 keV for oxygen. From the data for the period 2000–2002, we selected 24 storm main phase events during which the IMAGE satellite was located at a geomagnetic latitude of ≥45° and a geocentric distance of ≥6 RE. According to the Dessler-Parker-Sckopke (DPS) equation, the ring current energy is expected to increase as the SYM-H index decreases. When the ENA energy flux is superimposed as a function of the SYM-H index for all 24 events, their overall correlation is negative; that is, the relation between the ENA energy flux and the SYM-H index is generally consistent with the DPS equation. However, an analysis of individual events showed only 10 events (42%) in which the ENA energy flux was negatively correlated with the SYM-H index (negative correlation events). There were 10 events showing no clear correlation between the ENA energy flux and the SYM-H index (no correlation events) and 4 events which contradicted the DPS equation (positive correlation events). In the superimposed plot, we noted that a smooth curve can be drawn for an upper limit of the data distribution, and data from the no correlation or positive correlation events create downward branches in the distribution. These observational results are not explained by the conventional DPS equation but by the "generalized" DPS equation, which includes a term representing energy stored in the stretched magnetic field. We can reasonably presume that the stretched magnetic field prevents energetic particles from being injected into the ring current. From the generalized DPS equation, we conclude that the total (kinetic and magnetic) energy stored in the stretched field and ring current loss mechanisms are important for understanding the relation between the ground magnetic field variation and ring current energy variation.


We compare the achievable throughput of time division multiple access (TDMA) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) schemes illustrated in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) MIMO technical report, versus the sum‐rate capacity of space‐time multiple access (STMA). These schemes have been proposed to improve the 3GPP high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) channel by employing multiple antennas at both the base station and mobile stations. Our comparisons are performed in multi‐user environments and are conducted using TDMA such as Qualcomm's High Data Rate and HSDPA, which is a simpler technique than STMA. Furthermore, we present the unified optimal power allocation strategy for HSDPA MIMO schemes by exploiting the similarity of multiple antenna systems and multi‐user channel problems.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, the phosphatidylcholine of therapeutically effective amounts, by having a beneficial protective effect on the mucous membrane phosphatidylcholine in colon, relates to medicaments comprising as an active ingredient in the treatment of disease. Further, the present invention relates to the use and application of the phosphatidylcholine in the prophylaxis against topical treatment and colon cancer colitis. Phosphatidylcholine, in addition to oral administration of a delayed-release, can be administered as a topical treatment for rectal introducing agent of inflammation (in the rectum or ileal pouch). Orally administered delayed phosphatidylcholine prevents premature absorption, provides a release that target in the lower small intestine or large intestine.


This work had as main objectives 1) to examine the magnitude of interference effects on bean cultivars, under two population densities, through the use of a new coefficient (Coefficient of Interference); and 2) To verify possible correlations among grain yield and its primary components, for each cultivar. Trials were carried out in the locations of Cangucu and Passo Fundo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and the trataments were the cultivars Carioca, Guateian 6662 and Tayhu, under pure stand and under two mixed populations. Mixtures of cultivars were 240.000 (Mis1) and 120.000 (Mis2) plants.ha-1 equivalent. Traits under study were number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, one-hundred seed weight and grain yield. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with five replications. It was observed that Tayhu presented yield increase under mixture, mainly at Mis1, characterizing the presence of positive effects of interference; Carioca and Guateian 6662 revealed neutral effects of interference on their grain yield at Mis1 and negative effects at Mis2. A simple correlation analysis has been performed. Phenotypic correlation analysis pointed out to cultivar and environment dependency, on definition of component influence, resulting being useless for breeding purposes or yield prediction.


Scene text recognition has attracted the attention of many researchers owing to its widely application. Numerous methods have been proposed in this field and achieved unprecedented success. However, most of the datasets and algorithms are designed for English scene text recognition while only a few researches focus on the Chinese scene text recognition. Furthermore, despite the higher processing speed and ability of working as language model, attention-based mechanism suffers from the misalignment problem. Triggered attention model is proposed to tackle these problems. Taking character image as input, A triggered attention-based encoder-decoder network that outputs character sequence is proposed in this paper. Furthermore, an encoder network that takes colorful images as input is implemented to extract deep representations of input images. Experiments on various datasets show that the Triggered attention method substantially outperforms the existing attention based methods.


Objectives To determine the clinical value of endothelial lipase(EL),as well as the relationship between serum level of EL and severity of coronary artery disease combined with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP).Methods All the subjects underwent coronary angiography and their serum concentrations of EL,hs-CRP,creatine kinase isoenzyme MB and cardiac troponin I were measured.According to diagnostic results,all the cases were divided into two groups: 30 cases in normal control group and 85 cases in coronary artery disease group.Cases with coronary artery disease were furtherly divided into two subgroups:39 cases in stable angina pectoris subgroup and 46 cases in acute coronary syndrome subgroup.At the same time,cases in coronary artery disease group were also divided into single-vessel coronary artery disease subgroup(1 branch,34 cases) and multivessel coronary artery disease subgroup(≥ 2 branches or left trunk,51 cases).Serum concentrations of EL and hs-CRP among the patients were compared and relationship between them and the severity of coronary artery disease were evaluated.Results Serum concentrations of EL and hs-CRP of coronary artery disease group were significantly higher than those of normal control group-CRP:(12.76±3.08)mg/L vs.(2.34±1.53)mg/L,P0.05].Serum concentrations of EL and hs-CRP of acute coronary syndrome subgroup were statistically higher than those of stable angina pectoris subgroup [(856.44±36.85)μg/L vs.(478.26±24.53)μg/L,P0.05;(21.89±4.36)mg/L vs.(5.76±6.21)mg/L,P0.05].Serum concentrations of EL of multivessel coronary artery disease subgroup were significantly higher than those of single vessel coronary artery disease subgroup [(817.98±51.53)μg/L vs.(705.42±34.61)μg/L,P 0.05].Serum concentrations of EL in all the patients were positively correlated with serum concentrations of hs-CRP(r=0.327,P=0.02).Conclusions Increased serum concentrations of EL in patients with coronary artery disease may predict the unstable conditions of plaques.EL plays a role in predicting the severity of coronary artery disease to some extent.


In order to explore the relationship between leadership and personal initiative,255 employees and 45 managers from 40 sampled enterprises were surveyed by MLQ(5X),work-related self-efficiency questionnaire and personal initiative questionnaire.The results showed that leadership had close relationship with personal initiative,transformational leadership had augmentation validity based on transactional leadership in predicting personal initiative,self-efficacy played a mediator role in the relationship between leadership and personal initiative.In summary,Leadership had important influence on personal initiative and the influence process was mediated by self-efficacy.


Dipole sum rules are used to obtain a lower bound on the mean-square radius of charmonium, as well as one on the mass of the charmed quark.


The task of alert detection in event logs is very important in preventing or recovering from downtime events. The ability to do this automatically and accurately provides significant savings in the time and cost of downtime events. The Nodeinfo algorithm, which is currently in production use at Sandia National Laboratories, is an entropy based algorithm for alert detection in event logs. Automatic alert detection needs to be fast for it to be practical in a production environment. In this work we show that with Message Type Indexing (MTI) the computational effort required for alert detection can be reduced by up to 99%. This can be achieved without a drop in detection performance. Our proposed method has special significance because it provides a framework for alert detection which requires little or no human input, due to message type extraction required for MTI being carried out automatically using the Iterative Partitioning Log Mining (IPLoM) algorithm.


Application of FT LMMS to inorganic compounds offers the advantage of direct speciation. This means that signals which refer to intact analyte molecules are detected. Current concepts of desorption and ionization in LMMS are mainly based on time-of-flight data and hence on ions formed during the laser pulse. This paper focuses on indications about the desorption and ionization mechanisms for inorganic compounds that can be deduced from the mass spectra in our FT LMMS database. Specifically, the occurrence of continuing ion formation during several hundreds of microseconds is demonstrated. These data are relevant to the possible role of selvedge ionization versus direct ion emission from the solid state.


The conversion of water to hydrogen (hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) in regenerative fuel cells promises an environmentally friendly framework for smoothing out the energy crisis. However, addressing this issue depends on the development of efficient electrocatalyst design to replace precious platinum catalysts. Herein, we construct cobalt-phosphonate coordination polymer nanosheets bioinspired by active center engineering and coordination environments of catalytic sites in natural enzymes, which catalyze HER at an overpotential of 84 mV under neutral conditions. We propose that the introduction of a phosphate group tunes the electron density of the cobalt ion center and synergistically accelerates HER in a bifunctional activation mechanism of water molecules. This research sheds light on the relationship between the electrocatalyst structures and their catalytic activities, a concept that has broad implications for the design of efficient electrocatalysts in energy conversion.


Lymphatic malformations (LMs) are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system that commonly affect the head and neck region and cause marked cosmetic and functional complications. In this pilot study, we present eight children with LMs treated using an herbal medicine for this indication.


Human brain signals associated with visual perceptual processes have been used for image recognition. This paper presents several insights on the neural correlates of human visual perception by analyzing the neural correlates that result when humans view realistic images using a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) image display paradigm. We propose an image information extraction model and examine the relationship between the brain evoked response - using event related potential (ERP) characteristics - and the level of difficulty for humans to detect targets as a function of both visual stimulus complexity and task difficulty. We develop a computational model to quantify subject performance and the difficulty of realistic stimuli. Our results show that: (1) more difficult trials produce less prominent ERP patterns, thus reducing the performance of machine-based ERP detection; (2) on average for the same behavioral performance level, a pair of ERP's extracted from two easy trials are more similar than a pair of ERP's from two hard trials; and (3) both stimulus and task difficulty are correlated with neural activity. Our findings indicate that, for dynamic tasks involved in visual information processing, the brain may allocate additional cognitive resources, such as attention, to a given visual stimulus, as the task and/or stimulus difficulty increases.


This study aims at identifying the recent change in marriage behaviors in Korea. The data used here is the vital statistics compiled from the vital registration system of which registration form is put on one form together with the civil registration form. According to the results of this analysis, since 1970 the number of marriages has steadily increased from about 300,000 in the former of 1970s to about 400,000 in the latter of 1980s, approximately coincided with the change in population size at the marriageable age span. The few exceptions that can be seen in the 1970s seem to result from the impact of social upheavals during 1950s; since the birth cohorts affected by the low fertility during the Korean war and the post-war baby-boom generations characterized by the high fertility entered the marriage market in the 1970s. However, the marriage rate shows a little increase from around 7 in the former of 1970s to around 9 in the latter of 1980s, indicating that the marriage prevalence has been more or less inconsiderably changed during this period. It is also found that the proportion of remarriage to the total marriages has increased to around 10 per cent in 1989, while decreasing that of first marriage. This fact can be attributable to the higher prevalence of divorces and the collapsing of the Confucianism ethic which contributed to expediting the remarriage of widows. Although this proportion is insignificant compared with that of the more developed countries, it is not difficult to say that the proportion of remarriages will continue to increase in the future. The age at first marriage(AFM) which directly affects the span exposed to the risks of pregnancy has increased to the age about 28 for male and about 25 for female in recent years. However, big difference in AFM between uroan and rural areas has narrowed, resultant from the increasing involuntary postponement of marriage of rural young population who have met difficulties in seeking their bride or bridegroom in rural areas characterized by the heavy out-migration of young, particularly female, population. The present study shows the reverse relationship between AFM and educational attainment; i.e., the higher the educational attainment the lower the AFM. The conditions which are taken into considerations as important were the class and the family in the past time but which are age, educational attainment, job and personal characteristics. With regard to the age condition, in recent years the male prefers the female younger than himself on the average by 3 years and vice versa, which is reduced from 4-5 years in the beginning of 1970s. The age difference between bride and bridegroom tends to decrease with the educational attainment increase. This may be attributable to the fact that the persons with the higher educational attainment prefer the love marriage and hence are more likly to choose their counterparts in the about same age. The education condition is characterized by the bridegroom having the higher educational level than the bride. It is also significant to note that the proportion of love marriage has increased, whereas that of trational arranged marriage has decreased. This is true in the urban areas than the rural areas, indicating that rights as well as responsibilities for marriage have been handed over the young population from their parents. In conclusion, the change in the marriage behaviors in Korea are characterized by increasing tendency for the postponement of first marriage, higher prevalences of divorces and as a result remarriages, increase of love marriages, narrowing age difference between bride and bridegroom, etc. which are the main results of rapid industrization, increase in educational and economic activity opportunities and change in the ideals of marriages during the past decades. These phenomena prevailing in Korean society would affect not only the family structure that will become less proliferiated but the population size and structure. The most important is that the changes in marriage behaviors of Koreans and their impact on the society with respect to norms, values, morals, of individual and family in the social aspects, change in population size and structure in the demograpic aspects, and economic development in the economic aspects should be integrated into the plannings towards to the future.


InNovember-December 2005a deep- II.THEORY seaversion ofsweep-spread carrier telemetry linkhas beenapplied fordataexchangebetweenan ocean Itisevident thatinmultiptah channels every bottomunitandasurface buoycomprising theGerman- transmitted signal takes numerous, time-varying different- Indonesian tsunami early system(GETEWS).So,main length paths tothereceiver. Whensending a signal of development efforts wereprimarily focused on the constant frequency through suchachannel, themultipath solution ofproblems induced withvertical andver- arrivals interfere witheachothersothatthephaseas tically inclined hydroacoustic telemetry channels in wellastheamplitude ofthereceived signal fluctuates. deepwaters. Inconditions ofmostpractical inter- Therefore, exploitation ofconventional frequency-constant est,ratherhighbitrates, usually between1 and4 carrier signals forcommunication undersuchconditions kbps(sporadically up to6.5kbps), wereregistered usually comprises anextremely hardproblem forreceivers, andthusexperimentally proved. Keeping inviewthe e.g. equalizers, tocompensate forunstable andextended in limitations ongivenfrequency range(effectively from timemultipath interference. 8 to16kHz)andon powerconsumption (less than Communication oversuchchannels canbe,however, 80W),thepractically achieved performance confirmed substantially improved byusingafrequency spread car- advantages ofthesweep-spread carrier technology for rier signal, i.e. thesweep-spread carrier (S2C). Themain datatelemetry undertricky environmental conditions distinction between S2Candother technologies consists inpractical oceanographic applications. Workingfrom intheexploitation ofa different kindofcarrier signals. research vessel "Sonne" thesurface telemetry unitwas Theyconsist ofa succession ofsweeps(orsignals with exposed tohigh-level broadband noise produced byship permanent andrapid frequency variation). Themostadvan- mechanisms (duetostrong windandwavesapositioning tages ofsuchasolution becomeapparent especially clearly systemoftheshipconstantly switched on andoff inunderwater acoustic telemetry. Usingtheproperty of different positioning mechanisms onboard). Owingto acoustic signals topropagate under waterwithrelatively low permanent shipmovements, receive andtransmit con- speed, themethodallows toaccurately separate multipath ditions werecontinuously varying. Strong waterflows arrivals byconverting their timedelays into their frequency invicinity ofsurface modemprovided fastandstrong reallocations. Iffrequency gradient ofthesweepsislarge, deviations ofthemodemfromitsnormal(vertical) posi- theneachmultipath signal, arriving withitsindividual time tion. Variations inmodemarrangement andpresence of delay toreceiver, will haveits owninstant frequency, which multiple reflecting objects provided conditions, inwhich significantly differs frominstant frequencies ofallother themultipath structure wasespecially intricate. The multipath arrivals. Forexample, aninstant frequency of papercontents trials description, theory andanalysis of a reflected sweepsignal canlagessentially behindthe theS2Cacoustic linkworking undergiven conditions. frequency ofthedirect sweepsignal, andinthis waythe multipath-induced


Analysis of Gene Expression: E.A. Winzeler, M. Schena, and R.W. Davis, Fluorescence-Based Expression Monitoring Using Microarrays. S. Geisse and H.P. Kocher, Protein Expression in Mammalian and Insect Cell Systems. S. Fiering, M.A. Bender, and M. Groudine, Analysis of Mammalian Cis-Regulatory DNA Elements by Homologous Recombination. M.W. Sornson and M.G. Rosenfeld, GDRDA-Based Positional Cloning and Snorthern Analysis of Candidate Genes. Gene Expression Systems for Functional Analysis: B. Zhang, B. Kraemer, D. SenGupta, S. Fields, and M. Wickens, Yeast Three-Hybrid System to Detect and Analyze Interactions Between RNA and Protein. L.R. Manning, A. Dumoulin, W.T. Jenkins, R.M. Winslow, and J.M. Manning, Estimating Subunit Dissociation Constants in Natural and Recombinant Proteins. P.P. D'Avino and C.S. Thummel, Ectopic Expression Systems in Drosophila. Yeast Expression Systems: S. Labbe and D.J. Thiele, Copper Ion Inducible and Repressible Promoter Systems in Yeast. S.A. Rosenfeld, Use of Pichia pastoris for Expression of Recombinant Proteins. L.A. Coury, M.L. Zeidel, and J.L. Brodsky, Use of Yeast sec6 Mutant for Purification of Vesicles Containing Recombinant Membrane Proteins. K.R. Peterson, Use of Yeast Artificial Chromosomes to Express Genes in Transgenic Mice. RNA-Based Control of Recombinant Gene Expression: M. Kruger, C. Beger, and F. Wong-Staal, Use of Ribozymes to Inhibit Gene Expression. J.L. Davis, P.R. Gross, and O. Danos, Translational Control of Gene Expression Using Retroviral Vectors with Iron Response Elements. J.D. Thompson, Strategies to Express Structural and Catalytic RNAs in Mammalian Cells. R. Pollock and V.M. Rivera, Regulation of Gene Expression with Synthetic Dimerizers. Y. Wang, S.Y. Tsai, and B.W. O'Malley, Antiprogestin Regulable Gene Switch for Induction of Gene Expression in Vivo. Viral Systems for Recombinant Gene Expression: P. Cantalupo, M.T. Saenz-Robles, and J.M. Pipas, Expression of SV40 Large T Antigen in Baculovirus Systems and Purification by Immunoaffinity Chromatography. D. Mackey and B. Sugden, Applications of oriP Plasmids and Their Mode of Replication. I. Verma, Gene Vector Development and Regulated Gene Expression in Viral Vectors. S. Khan, HPV Vectors for Gene Transfer and Gene Expression in vivo. B. Moss, Use of Poxvirus Expression Vectors. M.E. Garber, P. Wei, G. Cadenas, and K.A. Jones, Protein and RNA Affinity Selection Techniques Using HIV-1 Tat. N.A. DeLuca, Understanding of HSV Gene Regulation in vivo. F. Tufaro, Genetic Manipulation of HSV Using Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes.


TRIALS WERE CARRIED OUT ON 928 VEHICLE CONTROL ARRANGEMENTS IN 34 PRIVATE CARS USING FIXED NON-AUTOMATIC SEAT BELTS WITH SMALL, LARGE AND MEDIUM SIZED DRIVERS. THE TEST RESULTS ARE PROVIDED IN TWO TABLES WHERE THE DIFFERENT VEHICLE TYPES ARE GROUPED ACCORDING TO THEIR AVERAGE PERCENTAGE OF EASILY OR BADLY ACCESSIBLE CONTROLS. A COMPARISON OF PRIVATE CARS OF GERMAN AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURE SHOWS THAT THE VEHICLES OF GERMAN MANUFACTURE ARE ON AVERAGE SOMEWHAT BETTER THAN THOSE OF FOREIGN MANUFACTURE. IN THE CASE OF GERMAN VEHICLES, 83.5% OF THE CONTROLS WERE ACCESSIBLE AGAINST 79.8% IN IMPORTED VEHICLES. THE RESULTS ARE OF INTEREST AS REGARDS THE USE OF SEAT BELTS, SINCE THIS STUDY DOES NOT INCLUDE AUTOMATIC BELTS. THEREFORE IT MUST BE ASSUMED THAT IN A GREAT NUMBER OF CARS WITH NON-AUTOMATIC SEAT BELTS THESE WILL NOT BE FASTENED, WITH RESULTING REDUCED SAFETY. IT THEREFORE SEEMS NECESSARY THAT THE LEGISLATORS, WHO IN THE STVZO HAVE COMPLETE DETAILS OF EVERY CASE AT THEIR DISPOSAL, SHOULD LINK THE DUTY TO FASTEN SAFETY BELTS WITH CORRESPONDING MEASURES TO ENSURE THAT THE AVERAGE SMALL DRIVER IS ABLE TO REACH ALL THE CONTROLS WHEN HIS SEAT BELT IS FASTENED.


Distillation networks are described as sets of composition nodes which are used to estimate material and energy balances. Comparisons with equivalent, equilibrium stage models indicate that these simplified design methods consistently result in small, but acceptable, overdesign, even when applied to complex, thermally coupled tower configurations.


The dynamic threshold algorithm (DTA) presented by Pan Tompkins is a popular QRS detection method, and it has high sensitivity and specificity. However, the accuracy of this algorithm would be compromised if its sensitivity is increased. In this study, an enhanced dynamic threshold algorithm (EDTA) based on dynamic threshold rules is proposed, which add a compensation scheme to reduce the rate of misdetection and missed detection of R wave in low signal-to-noise ratio condition, sensitivity and detection error rate are calculated on simulated and clinical data to compare the performance between EDTA and DTA, and EDTA yields a competitive results. For the clinical data, the average accuracy rate of EDTA is 99.24%, which is higher than that of DTA at 95.98%. Further compared experiments among EDTA and the two other popular algorithms are conducted and the results of their validation over a public database are given and discussed, which prove our superiority.


This editorial paper outlines key concepts in the realm of multinational corporations (MNCs), sustainability and social change. It also highlights possible synergies between the concepts of corporate sustainability and corporate entrepreneurship and introduces the articles included in this special issue. In so doing, patterns in extent research on MNCs' roles in sustainable development are identified, such as a focus on case-study research and the use of theoretical concepts rooted in mainstream business studies. On this basis, the editorial paper draws pathways for future investigations, such as applying a broader understanding of sustainable entrepreneurship to the sustainability activities of MNCs.


A CMOS compatible current-controlled first generation current conveyor (CCCI), is presented. The parasitic resistance (Rx) of the CCCI is controlled by varying the bias current (Iref). Further, the CCCI is used to test two filtering applications: a Band-pass (BPF) and High- pass (HPF) filters, and also a sinusoidal oscillator. For the filtering applications, Rx is varied to tune the center and cut-off frequency of the BPF and LPF, respectively. In the same manner, it is shown that the CCI is suitable to design a sinusoidal oscillator with few grounded passive elements. Finally, it is highlighted that HSPICE simulations are in good agreement with the ideal responses simulated in MatLab, where the BPF can tune its center frequency from 1.57 MHz to 6 MHz, the HPF can tune its cut-off frequency from 2.12 MHz to 5 MHz, and the sinusoidal oscillator can tune its oscillation frequency from 1.8 MHz to 3.5 MHz, just by varying Iref.


Anti-Hu-associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis: analysis of 200 patients. Brain 2001; 124 (Pt 6): 1138–48. 4 Lawn ND, Westmoreland BF, Kiely MJ, Lennon VA, Vernino S. Clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalographic findings in paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2003; 78: 1363–8. 5 Dalmau J, Graus F, Villarejo A et al. Clinical analysis of anti-Ma2-associated encephalitis. Brain 2004; 127 (Pt 8): 1831–44. 6 Graus F, Delattre JY, Antoine JC et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2004; 75: 1135–40. 7 Grisold W, Giometto B, Vitaliani R, Oberndorfer S. Current approaches to the treatment of paraneoplastic encephalitis. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord. 2011; 4: 237–48. 8 Hong MK, Kong J, Namdarian B et al. Paraneoplastic syndromes in prostate cancer. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2010; 7: 681–92. 9 Szabo A, Dalmau J, Manley G et al. HuD, a paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis antigen, contains RNA-binding domains and is homologous to Elav and Sex-lethal. Cell 1991; 67: 325–33. 10 Leyhe T, Schule R, Schwarzler F, Gasser T, Haarmeier T. Second primary tumor in anti-Ma1/2-positive paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. J. Neurooncol. 2006; 78: 49–51. 11 Modrego PJ, Cay A, Pina MA, Monge A. Paraneoplastic subacute encephalitis caused by adenocarcinoma of prostate: a clinico-pathological case report. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2002; 105: 351–3. 12 Stern RC, Hulette CM. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with small cell carcinoma of the prostate. Mod. Pathol. 1999; 12: 814–18. 13 Vernino S, Geschwind M, Boeve B. Autoimmune encephalopathies. Neurologist 2007; 13: 140–7. 14 Munshi SK, Thanvi B, Chin SK, Hubbard I, Fletcher A, Vallance TR. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis – case report and review of literature. Age Ageing 2005; 34: 190–3.


The modulator for the SLC e/sup +/ source flux concentrator provides 16 kA in a 5- mu s sinusoidal half wave current for a pure inductive load, at 120 Hz. The modulator incorporates 10 EEV CX1622 thyratrons in a switching network. It provides reliable operation with acceptable thyratron lifetime.<<ETX>>


This video highlights recent studies advancing the field of breast cancer screening and diagnosis, including the potential need for increased surveillance in patients with false positives and patient access to mammography.


The debate on structuralism in the philosophy of mathematics has brought into focus a question about the status of meta-mathematics. It has been raised by Stewart Shapiro in (Shapiro, 2005), where he compares the ongoing discussion on structuralism in category theory to the Frege-Hilbert controversy on axiomatic systems. Shapiro outlines an answer according to which meta-mathematics is understood in structural terms and one according to which it is not. He finds both options viable and does not seem to prefer one over the other. The present paper reconsiders the nature of the formulae and symbols meta-mathematics is about and finds that, contrary to Charles Parsons' influential view, meta-mathematical objects are not "quasiconcrete". It is argued that, consequently, structuralists should extend their account of mathematics to meta-mathematics.


The pattern of disagreement between bond raters suggests that bank and insurance firms are inherently more opaque than other firms. Moody's and Standard and Poor's split more frequently over these financial intermediaries, and the splits are more lopsided, as theory here predicts. Uncertainty over the banks stems from their assets, loans and trading assets in particular, the risks of which are hard to observe or easy to change. Banks' high leverage, which invites agency problems, compounds the uncertainty over their assets. Our findings bear on both the existence and reform of bank regulation.


Transmission system operator (TSOs) need to project the system state at the seasonal scale to evaluate the risk of supply-demand imbalance for the season to come. Seasonal planning of the electricity system is currently mainly adressed using climatological approach to handle variability of consumption and production. Our study addresses the need for quantitative measures of the risk of supply-demand imbalance, exploring the use of sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasts which have hitherto not been exploited for this purpose. In this study, the risk of supply-demand imbalance is defined using exclusively the wind energy production and the consumption peak at 7 pm. To forecast the risks of supply-demand imbalance at monthly to seasonal time horizons, a statistical model is developed to reconstruct the joint probability of consumption and production. It is based on a the conditional probability of production and consumption with respect to indexes obtained from a linear regression of principal components of large-scale atmospheric predictors. By integrating the joint probability of consumption and production over different areas, we define two kind of risk measures: one quantifies the probablity of deviating from the climatological means, while the other, which is the value at risk at 95% confidence level (VaR95) of the difference between consumption and production, quantifies extreme risks of imbalance. In the first case, the reconstructed risk accurately reproduces the actual risk with over 0.80 correlation in time, and a hit rate around 70–80%. In the second case, we find a mean absolute error (MAE) between the reconstructed and real extreme risk of 2.5 to 2.8 GW, a coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CV-RMSE) of 3.8% to 4.2% of the mean actual VaR95 and a correlation of 0.69 and 0.66 for winter and fall, respectively. By applying our model to ensemble forecasts performed with a numerical weather prediction model, we show that forecasted risk measures up to 1 month horizon can outperform the climatology often used as the reference forecast (time correlation with actual risk ranging between 0.54 and 0.82). At seasonal time horizon (3 months), our forecasts seem to tend to the climatology.


Antitrust regime shifts represented by the 1933 adoption and 1935 annulment of the National Industrial Recovery Act are postulated to have effects analogous to temporary achievement of Bradburd and Over's 'integrative concentration level' (Bradburd and Over, 1982); a level at which cartel formation and maintenance costs are outweighed by collusive spoils. 'Regime switching' analysis of Census of Manufactures data reveals a 'critical concentration level' of 60 percent in 1933, which disappears in 1935, and reemerges at 38 percent in 1937. The empirical results support the Bradburd and Over framework and suggest that temporary shifts in antitrust regimes may have lasting impacts on the ability of an industry to exercise market power. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.


The theory of rapid prototyping is indicated, and the a dvantages of rapid prototyping are introduced in contrast with traditional processing technol ogy. Some kinds of technique of rapid prototyping are introduced, and the develo pment tendency of rapid prototyping is prospected.


: This paper discusses the best path planning algorithm for an autonomous mobile robot in an unknown environment with irregular static and dynamic obstacles and a static and dynamic target based on the improved COOT (ICOOT) optimization algorithm. The ICOOT overcomes the drawbacks of unstable searches in the conventional COOT. The path planning problem is solved by finding the collision-free path between multi-objective shortest path and smoothness. The ICOOT tries to imitate the real world by adding the mobile robot's actual size and the kinematic model with specifications for mobile robots. In order to evaluate the proposed algorithm, thirteen benchmark test functions are used to make a comparison with 30, 100, and 500 dimensions. To test the efficiency of the proposed technique, results are compared with five swarm optimization algorithms. The standard deviation results show that the proposed algorithm gets the best results in 84% of the thirteen test functions for 30 dimensions and 92% for 100 and 500 dimensions. Also, in four complex maps (10×10) m, the mean results show that this method is very useful for robot paths from the start to the target, and the mean distance for ten runs is 13.3797 m for map 1, 13.5164 m for map 2, and 11.9312 m for map 3, and 16.3937 m for map 4. It showed how well it could move quickly and easily around both fixed and moving obstacles.


Background Click auditory brainstem response (ABR), is abrupt and rapid onset, have broad spectrum nonfrequency-specific response. ABR needs good neural synchrony, the greater number of neurons that fire results in a larger response amplitude. The application of chirp stimuli aims to produce a synchronized response from a large portion of hair cells in the basilar membrane. The chirp was designed to produce simultaneous displacement maxima along the cochlear partition by compensating for frequency-dependent traveling-time differences. Objectives The aim of this study was to correlate between pure-tone audiometry (PTA) threshold and click and chirp-ABR thresholds in children with moderate and severe sensory neural hearing loss. Patients and methods This study included two groups: control group (G1), which consisted of 30 children with normal peripheral hearing and study group (G2), which consisted of 60 children with moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Results Results showed that significant correlation between chirp and behavioral PTA and between click and behavioral PTA in normal hearing and hearing-impaired children, except in severe steeping SNHL. In steeping SNHL, there was a reduced correlation between behavioral PTA and click ABR stimuli. In addition, there was a significant correlation between narrow band-chirp at 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz and behavioral PTA in normal hearing and sensory neural hearing loss in children, otherwise in severe steeping SNHL. In this category, there was a reduced the correlation between behavioral PTA and narrow band-chirp-ABR stimuli.


In said device (40), the ends (5) of each connecting member (4) are connected to a transmission piece (7) applied against a cam (3) of said device (40). When setting a function of a device (1), the cam (3) operatively connected with the device (1) moves the connecting member (4) such that the switching shaft another device (1 '), operatively connected to said cam (3) is prevented from rotating with the other end (5) of said member (4).


In this paper, a novel hybrid control strategy has been proposed for the energy storage modular multilevel converters (ESMMC) to realize a nice current performance and ensure the state of change (SOC) of batteries to be balanced. Firstly, traditional proportional integral (PI) control was used to get the circulating current reference; then an improved model predictive control (MPC) method with the weighting factors being online tuned has been designed to obtain the accessing numbers of the submodules in each phase. Lastly, the conventional sorting method for the SOC balancing was given. Experimental comparisons indicate that this proposed novel control strategy can not only ensure a nice current control performance, but also effectively suppress the circulating current component, and it can save over 39.42% execution time in contrast with the traditional PI method, which is feasible for the digital implementation.


Two modifications to the original L1 consensus primer human papillomavirus (HPV) PCR method, MY09–MY011, using AmpliTaq DNA polymerase (MY‐Taq), were evaluated for HPV DNA detection on clinical specimens from a cohort study of cervical cancer in Costa Rica. First, HPV DNA testing of 2978 clinical specimens by MY09–MY011 primer set, using AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase (MY‐Gold) were compared with MY‐Taq testing. There was 86.8% total agreement (κ = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.70–75) and 69.6% agreement among positives between MY‐Gold and MY‐Taq. MY‐Gold detected 38% more HPV infections (P < 0.0001) and 45% more cancer‐associated (high‐risk) HPV types (P < 0.0001) than MY‐Taq, including 12 of the 13 high‐risk HPV types. Analyses of discordant results using cytologic diagnoses and detection of HPV DNA by the Hybrid Capture 2 Test suggested that MY‐Gold preferentially detected DNA positive specimens with lower HPV viral loads compared with MY‐Taq. In a separate analysis, PGMY09–PGMY11 (PGMY‐Gold), a redesigned MY09/11 primer set, was compared with MY‐Gold for HPV DNA detection (n = 439). There was very good agreement between the two methods (κ = 0.83; 95%CI = 0.77–0.88) and surprisingly no significant differences in HPV detection (P = 0.41). In conclusion, we found MY‐Gold to be a more sensitive assay for the detection of HPV DNA than MY‐Taq. Our data also suggest that studies reporting HPV DNA detection by PCR need to report the type of polymerase used, as well as other assay specifics, and underscore the need for worldwide standards of testing. J. Med. Virol. 68:417–423, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Integro-partial differential equations occur in many contexts in mathematical physics. Typical examples include time-dependent diffusion equations containing a parameter (e.g., the temperature) that depends on integrals of the unknown distribution function. The standard approach to solving the resulting nonlinear partial differential equation involves the use of predictor–corrector algorithms, which often require many iterations to achieve an acceptable level of convergence. In this paper we present an alternative procedure that allows us to separate a family of integro-partial differential equations into two related problems, namely (i) a perturbation equation for the temperature, and (ii) a linear partial differential equation for the distribution function. We demonstrate that the variation of the temperature can be determined by solving the perturbation equation before solving for the distribution function. Convergent results for the temperature are obtained by recasting the divergent perturbation expa...


The calmness inside a harbor plays an important role in the appropriate disposition of harbor structures. However, it is not easy to acquire accurate computational results because these are affected by many factors concerned with wave transformation. Recently, numerical model tests, which are quicker and more economical than hydraulic model experiments, ware carried out for the purpose of analyzing wave height distributions in harbors. This paper presents a numerical model that is able to calculate wave heights inside a harbor. It is based on a time-dependent mild slope involving wave refraction, diffraction, shoaling effect, and reflection. In particular, arbitrary reflectivity is used at the boundary in order to simulate the real harbor reflection condition. The proposed numerical model is applied to Samcheon new-harbor in order to investigate harbor calmness.


The minimum operation voltage (Vmin) of intrinsic channel fully depleted (FD) silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide (SOTB) static random access memory (SRAM) cells are measured and compared with those of conventional bulk SRAM cells in order to directly compare the worst cells. It is confirmed that the worst Vmin of 1 kbit SOTB SRAM cells is half that of 1 kbit bulk cells. The distribution of Vmin of 48 kbit SOTB and bulk SRAM cells are also measured and compared. The results show a great advantage of SOTB SRAM cells for lower power and lower voltage operation upon introducing SOTB, because of reduced VTH variability.


With the Demonetisation decision by the Prime Minister on November 8, 2016, there were efforts to give importance to cashless transaction. This is a part of the larger scheme of "Digital Economy". Digital Economy is not a new concept. Much before demonetization, Digital Economy was being pursued. Significant impetus was given by the Government after demonetization was done. Digital Economy entails that all economic transactions are done in a digital format. This includes billing and accounting too. Digital Economy has its benefits like – swift transactions, overcoming geographical limitations, better accounting, easing electronic commerce etc.   However, there are costs involved in migrating completely to Digital Economy. Digital Economy requires perennial supply of electricity and internet connectivity at all times. Apart from this, there are costs involved to acquire gadgets for each individual. For instance, when billing is done in a digital format, the customer is required to possess a gadget with internet connection, where the bill will be delivered. This also requires digital maintenance of records. This paper discusses the requirements for Digital Economy and suggests that Digital Economy should be implemented in a phased manner and there should be safeguard measures.


Developing efficient photocatalysts has been proved to be of great importance for many emerging applications, including the removal of recalcitrant organic pollutants in wastewaters and transforming solar energy into important chemical feedstocks. One of the major challenges for high performance photocatalysts is that most semiconductor-mediated photocatalysts suffer severe charge recombination which finally hinders the overall photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, a delicately designed epitaxial grown heterostructure composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowire and ultra-small bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) nanoflakes was synthesized featuring quasi-free lattice mismatch at the ZnO/BiOI interface. With the advances of suitable p–n junction energy band alignment and minimized lattice mismatch, the synthesized ZnO/BiOI heterostructure shows significantly high interfacial charge transfer and separation efficiency. The high performance heterostructured photocatalyst was applied for the photodegradation of Bisphenol-A (BPA) in an artificial organic wastewater. The results showed that the epitaxial-LMF heterostructure is much superior to both ZnO nanowires and BiOI micro-sheets in catalytic efficiency. Analyzing the time-resolved kinetic features of photo-induced charge carriers revealed that it is the high-degree lattice match at the ZnO/BiOI interface that contributes to the significant charge-separation in the LMF heterostructure, leading to the substantial improvement of photocatalytic efficiency. An interesting finding is that a strong Foster-resonance energy transfer (FRET) from ZnO to BiOI in the heterostructure was observed, which could enhance the solar energy utilization. This study provides a general strategy to improve the interfacial charge separation efficiency of heterostructured photocatalysts, thereby greatly promoting the photocatalytic performance.


The aim of this book is to give the non-specialist a feel for the science and technology that underpin a truly international beverage. As such it is is a perfect combination of an interesting topic and excellent science. Almost every chemistry teacher will find examples to use in class.


Abstract : This registry initiates a program of epidemiological assessments of PS among Alaska Native people to study the natural history and clinical management of PS, and establishes a database of Alaska native people with PS for public health, research and educational purposes. As feasible, the prevalence of PS in Alaska Native people may be estimated as well. This registry not only would facilitate future research into PS etiology, but also guide health care planning and community education efforts in this population. The proposal takes advantage of a case control study of PS that is ongoing in the same population. The registry is designed in two phases. Phase 1 is a developmental period and is well underway at this time. During this phase, we established the data collection and dissemination protocols, a surveillance protocol received IRB approval but is pending approval by a privacy board, the registry database is complete and a pilot project in Anchorage will be initiated pending approvals. Phase 2 has not yet begun. It is a period of educational outreach and active statewide data collection on prevalent and incident cases of PS. After Phase 2 ends, the registry will be sustained through the Alaska Native Medical Center.


Objective To investigate the curative effect and complication of thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) in acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours of symptom onset. Methods 43 patients who were treated with r-tPA 〔32 subjects with intraarterial (IA) and 11 subjects with intravenous (IV) administration〕 were evaluated retrospectively during 2001-2003. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the European Stroke Scale (ESS), the Barthel Index were measured in two groups respectively before and after thrombolysis. According to the scores of following up for 3-months, we evaluated the curative effect with 4 degrees (cure, apparently effective, effective, invalid). Results In the IV and IA group, the total effective rates were 79.3% (IV) and 90.9% (IA), cure rates were 27.6%, 45.5% respectively, and hemorrhage rates were 10.3% and 18.2%. The difference between the two group wasn't statistical significant. Conclusions Thrombolysis with r-tPA in acute ischemic stroke within 6 hours of onset is safe and effective, and the patients with low NIHSS have good prognosis.


Development of anthrobotic mechanisms that closely reproduce the human body's dexterity is vital for performing tasks in unstructured environments. Space Station construction and maintenance require arms and hands that can take the place of human astronauts in the harsh environment of outer space. Construction of lunar and Mars bases in preparation for astronaut occupation is another suggested application. At present, research based and commercially available arms have limited degrees-of-freedom, singularities, or mechanical shortcomings due to inadequate joint and actuator designs. The mechanical design for a new ten degree-of-freedom robotic surrogate is outlined in this paper. The robotic surrogate is a new design that utilizes advanced joint and actuator technology to create a singularity-free mechanism. A new anthropomorphic twelve degree-of-freedom hand with wrist is also presented. These designs anticipate a practical device that can perform any physical task currently performed by an astronaut.


psoralens, are pharmacologic agents which, with modern technics, can be isolated from herbal remedies that have been employed for many centuries (2). Concomitantly with recent progress in the synthesis of new organic molecules for therapeutic purposes, interest in many ancient drugs and herbal concoctions has been revived because some of these medicaments have been found to contain specific pharmacological agents which exert scientifically recognizable therapeutic effects.


We study the thermal transport properties of three CaF$_{2}$ polymorphs up to a pressure of 30 GPa using first-principle calculations and an interatomic potential based on machine learning. The lattice thermal conductivity $\kappa$ is computed by iteratively solving the linearized Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) and by taking into account three-phonon scattering. Overall, $\kappa$ increases nearly linearly with pressure, and we show that the recently discovered $\delta$-phase with $P\bar{6}2m$ symmetry and the previously known $\gamma$-CaF$_{2}$ high-pressure phase have significantly lower lattice thermal conductivities than the ambient-thermodynamic cubic fluorite ($Fm\bar{3}m$) structure. We argue that the lower $\kappa$ of these two high-pressure phases stems mainly due to a lower contribution of acoustic modes to $\kappa$ as a result of their small group velocities. We further show that the phonon mean free paths are very short for the $P\bar{6}2m$ and $Pnma$ structures at high temperatures, and resort to the Cahill-Pohl model to assess the lower limit of thermal conductivity in these domains.


A semantic Web-based search method is introduced that automates the correlation of topic-related content for discovery of hitherto unknown intelligence from disparate and widely diverse Web-sources. This method is in contrast to traditional search methods that are constrained to specific or narrowly defined topics. The method is based on algorithms from Natural Language Processing combined with techniques adapted from grounded theory and Dempster-Shafer theory to significantly enhance the discovery of related Web-sourced intelligence. This paper describes the development of the method by showing the integration of the mathematical models used. Real-world worked examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the method with supporting performance analysis, showing that the quality of the extracted content is significantly enhanced comparing to the traditional Web-search approaches.


The ubiquitously expressed protein cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) facilitates the regulation of numerous CNS genes in response to neuroprotection. Activation of CREB via phosphorylation (pCREB) after neurotrauma promotes significant neuroprotection. Our study examined the levels of CREB and pCREB in the spastic Han‐Wistar, a model of excitotoxicity. The sHW rat model suffers from an autosomal, recessive disorder characterized by hyperexcitability, ataxia, forelimb tremor, and hindlimb rigidity. This model suffers from a progressive cellular neurodegeneration in both the cerebellum (Purkinje cells) and hippocampus (CA3 pyramidal cells). The expression of both CREB and pCREB in the hippocampus and cerebellum was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Within the mutant hippocampus, there was more CREB detected in the apical dendrites of the CA3 pyramidal neurons; whereas in the normal siblings, CREB levels were reduced in the hippocampus. The CA3 pyramidal cells and hilar interneurons of the mutant hippocampus were darkly stained for pCREB, whereas the normal sibling had diminished staining. The mutant cerebellum showed a moderate amount of both CREB and pCREB within the mutant Purkinje cell layer compared to normal siblings. While differences were observed in the mutant cerebellum and hippocampus, the pattern and intensity of CREB staining was similar in the cortex and hypothalamus for all siblings.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ozone water creation receptacle capable of accelerating of dissolution of ozone water subjected to gas-liquid mixing and dissolved by a gas-liquid mixing unit such as an aspirator in a short time. SOLUTION: The ozone water creation receptacle comprises connecting a raw water supply pipe 3 for supplying raw water 6 and a gas lead pipe 4 for supplying ozone gas 7, having the gas-liquid mixing unit for mixing the raw water and ozone gas 7, attaching a unit connection pipe 2 disposed with an agitation unit for agitating ozone water on the outer side of the gas-liquid mixing unit 1, and being connected with a bellows pipe 20 on the tip end of the unit connection pipe 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


The presented article discusses the issues of involvement of university leaders in academic activities. The relevance of this problem lies in the fact that at the present day an active transformation of the roles performed by the head of the university is taking place. On the one hand, the traditional rector's role format, expressed in the formula «first among equals», is in a state of constant and radical changes today. A particularly significant role in this process is played by the managerialization of university management and the resulting approaches to attract managers from other fields of activity to the rectors' posts. They can be from government, business or public organizations. On the other hand, those university rectors, who came to the management system from academic environment, nowadays, as a rule, remain in the professional cohort of managers and rarely return to academic activities. In this regard, research issues arise: how do university leaders identify themselves and which community values are a priority to them? The authors of the article analyze the results of scientific activities of the heads of the country's leading universities over the past 5 years. Based on the obtained data, a typology of preserving academic identity of university leaders at the present stage has been developed. Hypotheses for further transformation of the managerial and academic roles of Russian universities' rectors have been formulated.The article may be of interest to universities' leading employees.


The authors propose some new log-bilinear models for the analysis of asymmetry in square contingency tables. In these models the logarithm of the expected frequency is split up into two parts: (a) a symmetric or a quasi-symmetric part, and (b) a skew-symmetric part. The skew-symmetric part is decomposed using the so-called Gower decomposition of skew-symmetric matrices. It is shown how graphical representations of this decomposition can simplify the interpretation.


The Guardian is no longer (just) a newspaper and it's no longer (just) British. In a globalised online market its content finds it way to readers through a variety of platforms and channels around the world. But for the journalists to maximise the impact of their work and to increase readership, it's vital to understand how that is happening. That's the job of the Guardian's Search Optimisation executive Chris Moran who explained his work at LSE. Polis Summer School student Chun-Ping Hu (@ChunPingHU) reports.


. Along with the beauty of a women's appearance and good shape widespread application in the television advertisement media, through the facial plastic surgery, fitness, such as ways to reshape the female body, in order to make it more conform to the social reform movement is aesthetic body, with the consumer culture, patriarchal, female closely related to the social aesthetic standard to become. The consumer society desalinates the spiritual connotation of women, simplifies women into different bodies, makes women blindly follow social aes-theticstandardstotransformtheirbodies,thuslosingtheautonomyofthebodyand causingfemalebodyalienation.Itisextremelyurgenttoenhancewomen'scontrol overtheirbodiesandtheirsubjectiveconsciousness,andtobuildapluralisticand inclusivesociety.


Recently, many big floods and soil disasters have occurred in Japan due to heavy rainfall events. Also, we can see a hazard due to woody debris in the events. In the present paper, we propose a concept of "drift woods generation potential." The potential is defined by empirical formula with data set of geography and woods. It can express the maximum possible generation of woody debris at a given point in a river. We attempt to adapt this assessment to all bridges along the Kagetsu River, Oita. From the results, it was confirmed that this concept was able to express the actual woody debris accumulation on a few bridges which were affected by them in the Northern Kyushu Rainfall Event 2012. In addition, a change of the risk due to reformation of a bridge can be evaluated by this method.


These two books should be read as a pair; they are, indeed, companion volumes, the first examining the more structural context of the causes and consequences of early job insecurity and the accompa...


Financial institutions need to provide technology-based services that facilitate access to information for communities in remote areas. This research aims first, reviewing the use of mobile banking in improving the quality of reporting and expanding the reach of financial services; second, the practice of utilizing mobile banking for Islamic microfinance institutions in Indonesia; third, evaluating the implementation of the Islamic microfinance information system in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is descriptive quantitative, with a sample of 100 accountants. Descriptive analysis was aided by SPSS 21.0 software for Windows. The results of this study indicate that; first, Mobile banking is the right mechanism to improve the quality of reporting and make the services of Islamic microfinance institutions accessible to the poor in remote areas of Indonesia. Second, the practice of utilizing accounting information systems in Islamic microfinance institutions is already good. Third, Overall, the application of accounting information systems at Islamic microfinance institutions in Indonesia can have a positive effect on improving the services of Islamic microfinance institutions both individually accountants and organizations.


Abstract The mayfly fauna of Madagascar is highly diverse and largely endemic. Many species remain undescribed, and many species are known from only the larval or adult life stage. The high biodiversity in Madagascar and in other areas has led to an increasing reliance on DNA-based approaches to taxonomy, i.e., to define species boundaries and to associate different developmental stages. We used the general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model to combine population- and species-level sequence variation of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) to detect species boundaries in Baetidae mayflies (Ephemeroptera). Starting with a database of 240 sequences (57 species), significant clustering of newly sequenced larvae allowed us to establish 1 new species and 1 new combination and to associate adult and larval stages for both. A molecular phylogeny using additional nuclear (18S) and mtDNA (rrnS, rrnL) gene regions recovered the new species and new combination as a monophyletic group, distinct from other Afrotropical lineages. Therefore, we established a new genus, Adnoptilum, endemic to Madagascar. Adnoptilum gen. n. can be distinguished from other species in both the imaginal and adult stages and appears to belong to the Bugilliesia complex. We conclude that routine sampling of population- and species-level genetic diversity, combined with coalescent-based methods of species delineation, has great potential to become a standard procedure for the study of poorly known taxonomic groups.


TV logo is an important symbol of TV station. Automatic identification of TV logo can be used in television monitoring and media assets management. By analyzing the characteristics of TV logos, a new algorithm for TV logo recognition is proposed in this paper. First of all, the TV logo information is obtained by applying a special mask image to the captured video frames. Then the coarse matching is performed based on color tone. Further more, the region of TV logo is separated into the master region and sub region and the SIFT keypoints are obtained based on this separation. Finally, the TV logo is recognized by comparing the number of keypoints with a threshold. Experiments results show that the algorithm proposed has a good performance in TV logo recognition, especially for transparent logo.


This is a work-in-progress report of a project to assay the soil for possible fission product contamination at the SEFOR site. SEFOR, the former Southwest Experimental Fast Oxide Reactor, was a cooperative program among a consortium of utilities, General Electric, the US Atomic Energy Commission, and others. The 20-MV(th) sodium-cooled test reactor operated between 1969 and 1972. After cessation of the experimental program, the facility was decommissioned into a mothball status. This work is a result of an effort to examine the site for possible contamination which might have resulted from either operating or decommissioning activities, such as flushing sodium barrels. Soil has been collected in over 25 locations in and around the SEFOR site. Although samples from the entire site have not been analyzed, the investigated areas are free of contamination.


Cognition of rural water environment in Poyang Lake basin was studied though questionnaire. The rural domestic water are protected,but there were shortages in agricultural irrigation water;The cognition on water governance,water conservation and the support of the construction of rural water environment governance project was high,and rural residents were satisfied with the projects. On the whole,there were necessities and mass bases on a certain degree in rural water environment governance in Poyang Lake basin,which provided a scientific basis for the water environment treatment project implementation.


of a malady is of less importance than the recognition of thepart which malnutrition plays in causing it. How important this part is in the territory where Dr. Purcell's work lay is evident from the experiences his book records. His purpose in writing it has been " to stress the need for better integration [the italics are his] in the study of disease for approach to the problems of ill-health with a wider vision." The experiences he has recorded will contribute to that end.


Income redistribution with an efficiency loss is expected to have a twofold negative effect on support for redistribution, as it lowers egoistic support for redistribution and activates efficiency preferences. This study tests whether such a negative relationship exists, increases with the size of efficiency loss and interacts with group communication and the income position. We present a laboratory experiment in which subjects receive a randomly allocated income and must coordinate on a majority tax rate using a deliberative communication tool. The rate of money lost as a part of the redistribution process is manipulated as a treatment variable (0%, 5%, 20%, or 60%). Experimental evidence shows that efficiency loss exerts a robust negative effect on support for redistribution. The effect shows a tipping point pattern, is stronger at the lower end of the income distribution and is not fully explained by egoistic preferences. Inefficiency matters mostly for the chosen tax rate after group communication. At an efficiency loss of 60%, however, group communication does not affect support for redistribution, which implies that inefficiencies tend to play a minor role in the context of redistribution as long as they are within a moderate range. JEL Classification: C91, C92, D63, D72


Orthogonally protected 3-(1-aminoalkyl)pyrazole- and 4,5-dihydropyrazole-5-carboxylic acids are prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of α-aminonitrile imines with electron-deficient alkenes ; the pyrazole is incorporated into pseudotri- and tetrapeptides.


Bicomponent CoO/CoFe2O4 composites with tunable particle sizes are prepared using Co-Fe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or Co-Fe hydroxides as pre- cursors. Moreover, graphene-encapsulated CoO/CoFe2O4 composites (labeled as G-CoO/CoFe2O4) are fabricated by co-assembly of graphene oxide nanosheets and Co-Fe LDHs/hydroxides, and then thermal decomposition of Co-Fe LDHs/hydroxides. Compared to uncoated CoO/ CoFe2O4, G-CoO/CoFe2O4 composites exhibit enhanced cycle performances and rate capabilities. The superior performance may be attributed to the graphene encapsu- lation that prevents the aggregation of CoO/CoFe2O4 par- ticles, buffers the strain from the volume variation of CoO/ CoFe2O4, and improves the electronic conductivity of the composite electrode. The electrochemical properties of G-CoO/CoFe2O4 can be further improved by reducing the particle size of CoO/CoFe2O4 due to the enlarged interface between graphene nanosheets and CoO/CoFe2O4 particles.


INTRODUCTION
The numbers of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia especially in Jakarta as the epicenter continue to rise. Limited published clinical data, scarcity and long turn over time of diagnostic testing put clinician in dilemma to make diagnosis.

METHODOLOGY
This is an observational case series study from confirmed COVID-19 patient in our hospital from first case admission on 17 March 30 April, 2020. We collected patient's demography, symptoms, comorbidities, therapy, laboratory, chest x-ray and ECG consecutively.

RESULTS
Between 17 March 2020 and 30 April 2020, there were 30 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 16 (53.3%) were male. Clinical symptoms were dyspnea in 22 (73.3%) and dry cough 16 (53.3%). Comorbidities were diabetes in 14 (46.6%), hypertension 10 (33.3%) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in 10 (33.3%) patients respectively. Laboratory findings showed lymphopenia in 21 (70%) patients, increased inflammation marker in Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) 21 (70%), 23 (76.6%) and 12 (40%) patients respectively. Twenty-seven (90%) cases had abnormal Chest X-Ray (CXR) and mostly severe 18 (60%). Descriptive finding for images included consolidation 16 (53.3%) and Ground Glass Opacities (GGO) in 10 (33.3%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on our findings, most cases of COVID-19 admitted in secondary referral hospital were already in moderate to severe stages. This is most likely due to late referral from primary care and unspecific clinical features resemblance of other infectious diseases. Inflammation marker and CXR are cost effective findings and can be used as marker to determine further referral.


Despite the obvious enormous challenges that arise when producing a book that covers the experiences of African women from all parts of the continent and from as far back as the emergence of early human societies, Kathleen Sheldon has successfully completed this task, one that scholars have shied away from for the last couple of decades. African Women: Early History to the 21st Century achieves a readable synthesis of the immense body of knowledge about African women that has been produced over the last several decades and provides a clear, focused narrative with cohesive analytical threads that is particularly suited to an undergraduate audience. Following in the footsteps of Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch and Beth Raps (co-authors of African Women: A Modern History [1997]) and Iris Berger and E. Frances White (co-authors of Women of Sub-Saharan Africa [1999]), Sheldon offers an updated text that is reflective of the current state of the field of African women's history. African Women is organized chronologically, with the first three chapters covering the long pre-colonial history of African women. The value of these chapters is that for the undergraduate reader, there are clear examples of how African women contributed to political, social, cultural, religious, and economic developments in pre-modern Africa. Sheldon is consistent in placing women at the center of the historical narrative, an important perspective to present to students. For example, in Chapter 2, which focuses on the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when an increasing European presence affected agricultural activities and expanding trade, Sheldon asserts that "women in communities along the West African coast had emerged as key figures in the growing international trade networks" and that they were "actively exporting slaves and trade items such as ivory, beeswax, animal hides, and kola nuts...iron bars, firearms, gunpowder, brandy, and glass beads" (37). Sheldon clearly highlights African women as agents of change and as dynamic, adaptive members of their societies. Chapters 4 and 5 offer a close examination of African women during the colonial period, with emphasis on the more personal as well as the public


Before we begin to weigh the pros and cons of the different types of intrauterine devices now available on the market for clinical use it is worth making some notations with regard to the term availability. Although this term theoretically translates as "capable of being used or utilized" it does not have the same practical meaning in different regions of the world. Dozens of variables from customs barriers or restrictions in individual countries to the lack of community acceptance of the device make the availability of these contraceptive methods quite different from one group of peoples to another. There is a common variable that affects the availability of a method. It is the information and education the people of a community have received about it before it is introduced on the market and their relationship with the current resource. When the private sector launched a family planning offensive in Colombia based on the Lippes Loop the population increasingly accepted it. (excerpt)


High intensity pulsed electric fields (HIPEF) treatment is an emerging technology in food manufacturing which lead to high sensory and nutritive quality products. A review of previous knowledge and new breakthroughs in this area is presented. It contains the effect of HIPEF processing upon pathogen and spoilage microorganisms. naturally occurring and commercial enzymes, nutritive compounds such as proteins or vitamins and sensorial properties of several foods.


Cholera and El Tor lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were identical in respect of chemical composition except that the hexosamine content was significantly lower and galactosamine was absent in El Tor LPS. Mukerjee's group IV cholera phage phi149 was inactivated by cholera LPS but was resistant to El Tor LPS.


The recent period has witnessed the quantification and modeling of financial data become the crystallization of the intersection of finance and computers. In some research institutions, this crystallization product has received a specific name - FinTech. Numerous studies based on big data processing tend to obtain indicators with very optimistic accuracy, while for long panel-type small sample data, the existing studies propose very sparse targeted models. In this paper, we analyze the trend of trading volume and price move-ment of 10 stocks based on tick frequency data of 10 stocks in cross-section time series and set up a split-order algorithm to obtain the maximum total trading volume under the condition of satisfying the predicted trend to assist investors to maximize their


Extensive floodplains throughout the Amazon basin support important ecosystem services and influence global water and carbon cycles. A recent change in the hydroclimatic regime of the region, with increased rainfall in the northern portions of the basin, has produced record-breaking high water levels on the Amazon River mainstem. Yet, the implications for the magnitude and duration of floodplain inundation across the basin remain unknown. Here we leverage state-of-the-art hydrological models, supported by in-situ and remote sensing observations, to show that the maximum annual inundation extent along the central Amazon increased by 26% since 1980. We further reveal increased flood duration and greater connectivity among open water areas in multiple Amazon floodplain regions. These changes in the hydrological regime of the world's largest river system have major implications for ecology and biogeochemistry, and require rapid adaptation by vulnerable populations living along Amazonian rivers.


This article analyzes holophrastic constructions (НC) within a cognitive-oriented linguistic paradigm, which is based on flexible principles and strategies in the creation of new words. НC are updated in the process of communicative and cognitive human activity. The article presents the basic philosophical and linguistic concepts considering the way of forming and expressing thoughts with the help of compound neologisms – holophrases. These constructions demonstrate human intentions and emotions, as well as accumulated experience and knowledge. The complex of problems concerning the relation between the form and content of these linguistic units was analyzed. The attention is focused on form which could become a source of new senses and meanings. The authors consider the interaction of unilingualism and linguistic human experience in the creation of epistemological nature of holophrastic constructions. On the examples from English pragmatic potential of holophrastic constructions are characterized. Compound words find their specific detection in different languages. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n6s2p223


The complex cation ligand [Ru(pytpy)2]2+
 (pytpy = 4′-(4-pyridyl)-2,2′∶6′,2″-terpyridine) is an expanded 4,4′-bipyridine; we describe the first example of a coordination polymer in which [Ru(pytpy)2]2+ plays the role of a bridging bidentate ligand.


Abstract The article deals with the theory and application of an observation for astronomical latitude and longitude in which the relative directions of several stars are measured in additian to the more usual measurements of zenith distances and instants.


Our previous investigations have indicated that 'let-down' sensation in the mammary gland in nursing, or on injection of Pituitrin, is accompanied by slow electric response. This was believed to emanate from secreting-gland cells or from contractile myoepithelial cells. Indirect control indicated that sweat-gland activity, related to emotional reaction, played little part in electric response recorded from the breast. We have controlled this question of sweat-gland participation in observed response by recording simultaneously from the palm of the hand and from the areola in a non-lactating subject. It was found that spoken words evoking emotional reactions were accompanied by large electric responses from the palm, but from the areola there were either no responses or very small inverse deflections, presumably due to sweat glands in the skin of the thorax. Observations on lactating subjects showed that during nursing occasional deflections in the palmar record resembled those evoked in word tests, but in...


Background Left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction is associated with impaired ventricular function and heart failure and has important implications for survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in ventricular dilatation and the effects of chronic endothelin receptor blockade by a mixed ETA and ETB receptor blocker (bosentan) on the circulating and cardiac endothelin systems. Methods and Results Three hours after coronary ligation or sham operation, bosentan (100 mg · kg body wt−1 · d−1) or placebo was given by gavage. Seven days and 8 weeks after surgery, hemodynamic and left ventricular volume studies were performed. Acute bosentan treatment (7 days) had no effects on hemodynamic parameters and early left ventricular dilatation. In the rats with large infarcts, chronic bosentan treatment (8 weeks) versus placebo reduced left ventricular systolic pressure (116±2 versus 125±3 mm Hg, P<.05) and arterial pressure (93±2 versus 103±3 mm Hg, P<.05), ...


. The Covid-19 vaccine is expected to be available in the next few months. There is hope and optimism in welcoming the upcoming availability of the vaccine, but at the same time there is also concern that there will be resistance from some groups in society who do not believe in using vaccines to prevent virus transmission and the emergence of disease. Reluctance to accept this vaccine is known as the vaccine hesitancy. The study was based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) which explains that intention is predicted by the positive attitudes toward a specific behavior. This theory is generally used to predict the adoption rate of various health-related behaviors, including attitudes towards vaccination. The study reveals that past experiences of vaccination tend to illustrate that there are positive attitudes to vaccination among mothers surveyed. However, the focus should be directed to the parts that display barriers, drawbacks, or deficiencies, even only consists of small shares of the data. These small fragments could establish into the seed of vaccine hesitancy, which might have impacts on the efficacy of the upcoming Covid-19 vaccination.


Cancer stem cells contribute to cancer progression, but the mechanisms underlying neuroblastoma stem cell development are unclear. Here, we examined the roles of the transcription factor SLC34A2 in regulating the stemness of neuroblastoma cells. We found that SLC34A2 expression was negatively correlated with the overall survival and relapse‐free survival probability of neuroblastoma patients. Additionally, SLC34A2 expression was observed to be remarkably increased in spheroids derived from neuroblastoma cells. Knockdown of SLC34A2 attenuated the expression of stemness markers and spheroid formation capacity of neuroblastoma cell‐derived spheroids, and overexpression of SLC34A2 exerted the opposite effects in neuroblastoma cells. Mechanistically, SLC34A2 was found to directly bind to the promoter of MIR25, which targets glycogen synthesis kinase 3β (Gsk3β), an antagonist of Wnt signaling. Transfection of miR‐25 inhibitor or a Gsk3β overexpression plasmid attenuated the effects of SLC34A2 overexpression on the stemness of neuroblastoma cells. Our results demonstrate that miR‐25/Gsk3β‐mediated activation of Wnt signaling is responsible for SLC34A2‐induced enhancement of neuroblastoma cell stemness.


Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the human immune system contributing to 50–80% of all the white blood cells in the peripheral blood. Interestingly, the role of neutrophils in HIV infection has been poorly investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated that during HIV infection neutrophils are capable of both activating T cells and suppressing T cells. Our preliminary findings suggest that T cell activation could be modulated by neutrophils through various mechanisms. Galectin-9 has been demonstrated to play an integral role in HIV pathogenesis by suppressing CD8+ T cell function through the engagement with TIM-3. Interestingly, we have observed neutrophils have high expression of galectin-9, which is reduced after prolonged activation. In confirmation with previous studies demonstrating that HIV infected patients have hyperimmune activation, galectin-9 expression is decreased on neutrophils from HIV infected individuals, while the expression of the neutrophil activation marker CD32 is increased. Additionally, galectin-9 expression on neutrophils could be involved in suppressing T cell responses via. galectin-9:TIM-3 engagement.
 We found that neutrophils from HIV patients enhance T cells activation when co-cultured, whereas this was not the case for healthy controls. Interestingly, these effects could be reversed by inhibiting neutrophil reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These findings suggest that HIV infection results in hyperimmune activation of neutrophils contributing to T cell activation.


Abstract Ground rice hulls (GRH), whole rice hulls (WRH), or an equal mixture of whole rice hulls and wood shavings (WRH + WS) were compared with wood shavings (WS) as a suitable litter material for turkey poults. Body weights, feed consumption, and the incidence of leg abnormalities, breast blisters, and foot pad lesions of the birds reared on the different litter material were assessed at 3, 5, 7, and 8 weeks of age. Composite samples of litter materials were examined quantitatively at 4, 6, 7, and 8 weeks of age for percent moisture and bacterial and fungal populations. Poults were fed a starter ration supplemented with either 0 or 3% fat for 3 weeks, after which a grower diet containing 3% added fat was fed to all birds. Rice hull products produced no adverse effects upon poult performance (mortality, body weights, feed conversion, breast blisters, leg abnormalities, or foot pad lesions). However, the physical characteristics of GRH caused clumps to adhere to the toes of the poults. Approximately 2% of the 180 poults reared on GRH were affected. The condition disappeared once the birds started to scratch in the litter, which tended to break-up the thin layer of excreta on the surface of the GRH. The moisture content of the litter treatments did not differ significantly for the periods sampled. Bacterial and fungal populations were not significantly influenced by dietary treatment or litter type. These results indicate that rice hull products (WRH or WRH + WS) are a suitable litter for turkey poults. Supplementing 3% fat to the starter diet significantly increased growth at 3, 4, and 8 weeks of age. Turkey poults apparently have the capacity to utilize moderate levels of dietary fat during the early growing stage.


Wuhan Photon Source (WHPS) utilizes the on-axis swap-out injection scheme in the low-energy storage ring for its small dynamic aperture feature. Traveling-wave stripline kickers for nanosecond injection and extraction have been employed to satisfy the time requirements of the injection system. This paper analyses the injection process and designs a stripline kicker for the WHPS low-energy storage ring. However, Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) simulation points out that impedance mismatching occurs around the feedthrough-electrode connection, which may deteriorate the deflection field and decrease the injection efficiency. Thus, we optimized the connection to improve the impedance matching. TDR, field homogeneity, and reflection parameter simulation were performed to optimize the performance of the stripline kickers.


Abstract Background: Environmental pollution can be one of the main risk factors for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Aim: To study the relationship between air pollution, outdoor temperature and exacerbations of COPD. Materials and methods: COPD patients (n=1432) were followed up for one year. The levels of particulate matter up to 10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and outside temperatures were collected from the Environmental Agency database. Results: A total of 309 acute COPD exacerbations (AECOPD) were recorded in the analysis. The daily mean concentrations of PM10 were found to correlate significantly with the daily mean concentrations of NO2 and SO2 (ρ 0.34 and ρ 0.49, respectively; p=0.0001). The negative correlations between the daily mean temperature and the daily mean levels of PM10, NO2 and SO2 were also significant (ρ -0.44, ρ -0.11, and ρ -0.37, respectively; p=0.0001). The daily number of AECOPD correlated with the mean levels of PM10 in the previous six days (ρ 0.14; p=0.02) and the lower outdoor temperature (ρ -0.2; p=0.001). The negative correlation between the daily number of AECOPD and the mean daily temperature was stronger in days with levels of PM10 above 50 μg/m3 (ρ -0.3 p=0.02 vs. ρ -0.18 p= 0.01). Conclusion: Lower daily mean temperatures were associated with the levels of air pollutants. The level of PM10 correlated with the levels of the other air pollutants. The daily number of AECOPD was found to correlate weakly, but signifi cantly with the mean level of PM10 in the previous six days.


[PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , March , 2012; 36 (1): 42-47. Advan in Physiol Edu Yi-Hui Lin, Jyh-Chong Liang and Chin-Chung Tsai conceptions of and approaches to science learning Effects of different forms of physiology instruction on the development of students' [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] 2013; 12 (2): 262-273. CBE Life Sci Educ Jennifer L. Breckler, Tina Christensen and Wendy Sun Concepts of Poiseuille's Law Using a Physics Experiment in a Lecture Setting to Engage Biology Students with the [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , June , 2013; 37 (2): 157-164. Advan in Physiol Edu Murray Jensen, Allison Mattheis and Anne Loyle the Minnesota model Offering an anatomy and physiology course through a high school-university partnership: [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] 2013; 12 (3): 373-382. CBE Life Sci Educ Charlene D'Avanzo : Do We Know How to Change? Vision and Change − Post [PDF]  [Full Text]  [Abstract] , September , 2013; 37 (3): 233-241. Advan in Physiol Edu Thea Vanags, Kristen Pammer and Jay Brinker Process-oriented guided-inquiry learning improves long-term retention of information


After first clarifying what mechanical shock is and why we measure it, basic requirements are provided for all measurement systems that process transient signals. High-frequency and low-frequency dynamic models for a measuring accelerometer are presented and justified. These models are then used to investigate accelerometer responses to mechanical shock. The results enable "rules of thumb" to be developed for shock data assessment and proper accelerometer selection. Other helpful considerations for measuring mechanical shock are also provided.


Rydberg atom can respond to weak microwave electric field signal in real-time by using its electromagnetically induced transparency effect to realize down conversion of space microwave electric field signal, which can be used as a superheterodyne receiver. The Rydberg atom superheterodyne receiver is a new receiving system composed of Rydberg atoms, photodetectors, and electronic information processing modules. Presently, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted in-depth research on the physical response mechanism of Rydberg atomic superheterodyne receiving technology. However, no complete receiving link analysis model has been established, which is not conducive to optimizing its system performance. Based on the physical mechanism of the Rydberg atom responding to the microwave electric field, this paper introduces the concept of intrinsic expansion coefficient, establishes and experimentally verifies the receiving link model of the Rydberg atom superheterodyne receiver, and briefly discusses the influence of the intrinsic expansion coefficient on the system sensitivity and response characteristics, which provides theoretical guidance for the optimization of the performance of the Rydberg atom superheterodyne receiving system. Last, the Rydberg atomic and the electronic receiving links' sensitivity performance is discussed and compared.


A highly efficient white organic light‐emitting device (OLED) with a novel sky blue dopant BUBD‐1 in a two‐color emission system was fabricated. The device achieved an EL efficiency of 17.1 cd/A and 7.9 lm/W at 20 mA/cm2 with CIEx,y coordinates of (x=0.29, y=0.41) which was not changed with drive conditions. The white light OLED reached a half‐decay t½ lifetime over 40,000 hours at an initial luminance of 300 cd/m2.


The invention discloses a trench cultivation technique for flammulina velutipes, comprising the steps of building of a trench, preparation of cultivation materials, bagging, inoculation for cultivation, bud inducement for fruiting, fruiting management, tide change management, pest control, harvesting and the like. The trench has the characteristics of being warm in winter and cool in summer, and being capable of realizing thermal insulation and moisture preservation; by adopting trench cultivation, the influences of low temperature, dryness, windiness and other unfavorable climatic factors can be avoided, and simultaneously, the construction cost of the trench is low, and the trench can be used for a long time, thereby being suitable for large-scale popularization. According to the invention, Chinese herbal medicine liquor is adopted to disinfect trench and inoculum, and botanical pesticide is sprayed to prevent insect disease, thereby greatly reducing pest and disease damage of flammulina velutipes, purifying the growth environment of flammulina velutipes, reducing use of chemical pesticide, and protecting the ecological environment. The flammulina velutipes cultivated by the invention is good in taste and safe and pollution-free.


Equinus deformity, due to a contracture of the triceps surae, is a frequent problem in cerebral palsy. The authors present a retrospective analysis of the functional status of 27 patients (39 feet) of equinus deformity seen in a 10-year follow-up study. When either a Hoke or White tendo Achillis surgical lengthening procedure was combined with a postoperative management program of night-bracing, the recurrence of equinus deformity was significantly reduced.


Inspection for breast cancer,early detection and timely diagnosis is the key to reducing breast cancer mortality.The past five years,the diagnostic imaging of breast diseases had made great progress,many new technologies in clinical widely were used.Diagnostic imaging technigues of breast disease in the past 5 years were reviewed in this paper.


One of the most costly and difficult parts of a business to manage is the supply chain. Effectively managing a complex, global supply chain has a positive impact on a company's financial performance. By using simulation, managers are able to create a model of their supply chain systems and test various levels of input that can emulate real-life inconsistencies. This paper mentions different types of simulation for supply chain management and describes main characteristics of them. Each simulation type should be applied, depends on the type of managerial question to be answered by the model. This paper explains how different types can answer different questions in SCM or may have better results in some special conditions


In southeastern Guizhou, there are abundant tourist resources, mainly expressed in the cultures of minority nationalities and peculiar ecological environment. Careful attention must be paid to the excavation and improvement of their cultural contents, emphasizing the cultures of the minor ethnic groups, Yang Ming culture (i.e. the culture of the Confucian school) and Buddhist culture, to such-degree as to attain the effects of returning to nature, of eminent figures and of the world-famous religious cultures. The three effects are from the philosophical points of view, reflections of the sense of the Pure Land, of searching the roots and of the ultimate concern of the present day humanisty in cultural tourism. And therefore, some valuable suggestions are put forth to local government concerned.


A process for preparing amnion preservable at room temperature comprise: treating clean amnion of placenta with glycerin (0.1%~30%); pre-freezing it in freeze-dried machine for 1~10 hours at the temperature ranging from 0 C to -56 C; starting up the condensing chamber to make the temperature of the cold trap reach -10 C~-56 C; Iyophilizing it under vacuum so that water content of amnion be 1%-20%; then packaging and asepticizing. The amnion obtained by the present process can be preserved for 2~3 years and transmitted conveniently, satisfy the need of clinic at any time, make it favorable to produce amnion dressing on scale, provide enough amnion dressing for eye patient and alleviate the difficulty of clinic.


THERE ARE CURRENTLY around 3,200 British nurses working in Saudi Arabia. Most have been lured by tax-free salaries and the promise of paid holidays and return flights home.


Introduction: lshtar Terra displays evidence of extensive tectonic deformation (1, 2, 3), including linear mountain belts (3 to 4 km above mpr). Maxwell Montes, to the east of Lakshmi Planum, (altitude of 12 km) is characterized by long, linear, parallel ridges and valleys which have been interpreted as compressional in origin (1, 4). To the east of Maxwell Montes is a 2 to 5 km-high plateau area known as Fortuna Tessera. Tessera is terrain which exhibits intersecting ridges with a variety of complex, angular relationships (5). Although mapped as distinct units (2,5), detailed mapping shows a transition in morphology between Maxwell Montes and Fortuna Tessera. In this paper, we investigate the relationshops between the two regions. Prevlous Work: On the basis of mapping and interpretation of Arecibo and Venera images and P N topography data, a model for the formation and evolution of Maxwell Montes has been proposed (6,7). In this model, 1) proto-Maxwell Montes initially underwent compressional deformation in an approximately E-W direction, resulting in the initiation of an Akna Montes-like, long, linear orogenic mountain belt (8) to the east of its present location; 2) continued compressional deformation and westward transport between two converging shear zones resulted in continued growth of the orogenic belt, and a reorientation of the maximum compressive stress direction to a north-south configuration, due to continuing constriction between the bounding shear zones; 3) in the latter stages of the tectonic transport, the reoriented stresses favored a regime in which right-lateral strike-slip faults formed in a northwest-southeast orientation. Right-lateral offsets between 20 to 120 km occurred along these faults as the growing orogenic belt was transported west and further wedged between the converging shear zones. A terrestrial analog of strike-slip faulting between transform faults has been discussed for the Gorda Block of the Juan de Fuca plate (9). In the Maxwell Montes case, lateral transport of crustal materials over distances of 1000 km or more are implied by the geometry of the present and reconstructed mountain range (7). Such intense deformation and transport implies that the region involved in the deformational processes must be more extensive, particularly from the direction of tectonic transport to the east. Therefore, this study focuses on the nature of Fortuna Tessera and the transition between the two terrains. Fortuna Tessera Unlts: The general geomorphic-tectonic unit map (Fig. 1) complements the geological-morphological map compiled by Soviet investigators (5), and shows the distribution of the follpwing units: Arcuate-Ridged Tessera : Short-to-intermediate length (50 to 200 km) parallel ridges which strike in approximately the same direction as the ridges on Maxwell Montes, and have a similar morphology and interpreted origin. This ridge unit, though, tends to broadly wrap around Maxwell Montes and lies on a broad plateau at an elevation between Maxwell and the area to the east. Chevron Tessera : Characterized on a small scale by a typical tessera-like pattern of intersecting ridges with a variety of complex, angular relationships. On a larger scale, this unit is characteriied by a very high level of disruption and large chevron-like features hundreds of kilometers across, giving the region a highly buckled appearance. Normal Tessera : In the easternmost region, the pattern is similar to that of typical tessera areas intersecting ridges which meet at a variety of angles from acute to orthogonal (3). Ridge Belt: This unit is characterized by arcuate to sinuous ridges up to 200 km in length which occur in a long, linear belt. It is similar in size, ridge-spacing, and overall appearance to other ridge belts observed in the plains of Venus (2). This ridge belt occurs along the edge of the plateau and may be linked to compressional deformation in a direction normal to its strike. Plumose Ridges : This unit occurs to the south and consists mostly of very narrow ridges (less than 5 km wide) which fan away from the areas of most intense deformation in the chevron tessera and the arcuate-ridged tessera to the north. Obsenratlons: 1) the central region (chevron tessera) appears to be the most complexly deformed area, possibly originating as more normal tessera, and deforming to its present configuration by having undergone shortening and buckling. On the basis of the reconstruction of Maxwell Montes (7), proto-Maxwell originated within the present area of this unit (see star in Figure 1). 2) the eastern area (normal tessera), although structurally complex, is very similar to tessera units mapped elsewhere in the northern hemisphere (3). 3) the near-parallel orientation of ridges in the arcuate-ridged tessera to those in the adjacent Maxwell