This study aims to measure the effect of Human Resources Management Practices on Contextual Performance: Positive Emotions as a mediating variable in Employees of RSUD Kab. Aceh Besar. The sample used in this study was employees of RSUD Kab. Aceh Besar, which amounted to 175 respondents. Data collection equipment used in this study is a questionnaire. The sampling technique used is Probability sampling Simple Random Sampling. Regression analysis is used as an analytical method to determine the effect of all the variables involved.  Based on the results of the regression analysis, indicating that the Human Resource Management Practice positively Contextual Performance, Human Resource Management Practice positively Positive Emotions, Positive Emotions positively Contextual Performance, and Positive Emotions mediate the relationship between Human Resource Management Practice and Contextual performance.


A direct reconstruction algorithm based on Calderón's linearization method for the reconstruction of isotropic conductivities is proposed for anisotropic conductivities in two-dimensions. To overcome the non-uniqueness of the anisotropic inverse conductivity problem, the entries of the unperturbed anisotropic tensors are assumed known a priori, and it remains to reconstruct the multiplicative scalar field. The quasi-conformal map in the plane facilitates the Calderón-based approach for anisotropic conductivities. The method is demonstrated on discontinuous radially symmetric conductivities of high and low contrast.


With the general objective of contributing to the understanding of the phenomenon of the transition to work, and specifically to provide indicators and elements for university management, an investigation was conducted with 3648 students from the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA) from 64 courses in different areas, through online survey. Promoting the discussion about the impacts of university experience in the transition and consequent graduate insertion in the labor market is the main evidence of the relevance and possibilities of improvement of student´s experience. The results provide a rich source of elements for evaluating the effectiveness of institutional programs, especially in the context of extracurricular activities and the strengthening of entrepreneurship as a university management strategy. It is hoped that with systematic longitudinal monitoring data, a more accurate and specific analysis by courses will be possible, and that it will provide a basis for interventions focused on the quality of academic training.


This chapter discusses judiciary changes in the second half of the nineteenth century. After the middle of the century, the popular election of judges was more and more accepted as normal. Every state that entered the Union after 1846 gave voters the right to elect some or all of their judges. The California Constitution of 1849 made the whole system elective, from the supreme court down to justices of the peace. In the year 1850 alone, seven states amended their laws to provide for more popular election of judges. In 1850, both the Michigan and Pennsylvania supreme courts turned elective. In 1853, the voters of Tennessee approved a constitutional amendment; and from 1854 on, Tennessee abolished what one newspaper called a "relic of by-gone days," the days of "repressive monarchy"; the supreme court of Tennessee became an elective body.


The description of Cercariaeum lintoni Miller and Northup as given by earlier workers is supplemented and emended in the light of knowledge obtained by comparing the cercariaeum with its metacercarial stage, developed in experimental animals. The true nature of the digestive and reproductive systems is made clear.Cercariaeum lintoni penetrated the parapodia of Nereis virens, encysted, and developed into the metacercarial stage. Although the cercaria would penetrate and encyst in other invertebrates, the clam worm was the only form in which development was secured. Nereis virens appears to be a natural host. The metacercaria develops adult features as the larval characters disappear.It is difficult to determine the relationship of this species to other trematode groups; the digestive system is similar to that of the species of the family Haploporidae, but the arrangement of the reproductive organs is very different and resembles that of the Zoogonidae. palombi's suggestions concerning the relations of the speci...


A new adaptive algorithm for the block matching motion estimation is presented. The algorithm works in the full-search fashion but unlike the FSBMA it adjusts the number of computations dynamically to picture variation. Due to incorporated mechanism of data-driven thresholding, the proposed approach performs as four times as less operations compared to the FSBMA while maintaining the same quality of results. Its hardware implementation is simple and compact. A supportive hardware design as well as simulation results on benchmarks are outlined.


Abstract : An approximate equation for the transmission of gamma rays through a slab of finite thickness is derived. This equation is an immediate generalization of Bethe's onedimensional equation. While Bethe's equation is valid only for the case of a slab in which the absorption coefficient of the gamma rays varies monotonely with energy, the equation discussed here is not so limited though it possesses other limitations. (Author)


Crude product of isoflurane was analysed by GC-MS,and its by-product were CF3CH2OCClF2,CF3CHClOCClF2,CF2HOCHFCHF2 and CF2HOCCl2CF3.Crude product of isoflurane was separated by conventionally distillation and extraction distillation in according to boiling point of each components.Purity content of isoflurane in product after distillation was more than 99.9% by GC.


A gray iron cylinder head cracked after approximately 16,000 km of service. The head was cracked on the rocker arm pan rail next to the No. 3 intake port and extended into the water jacket on the rocker-arm side of the head. Microporosity was revealed in the crack in the sections taken from the water jacket next to the plug and the area next to the No. 3 intake port. A wave of microporosity travels midway between the inner and outer surfaces of the casting was observed and was concluded to have caused the cracking. The reasons and remedies for shrinkage porosity were discussed. Controlled pouring temperatures, improved design and use of chills were recommended to avoid the casting defects.


This paper presents manufactured solutions (MSs) for some well‐known eddy‐viscosity turbulence models, viz. the Spalart & Allmaras one‐equation model and the TNT and BSL versions of the two‐equation k–ω model. The manufactured flow solutions apply to two‐dimensional, steady, wall‐bounded, incompressible, turbulent flows. The two velocity components and the pressure are identical for all MSs, but various alternatives are considered for specifying the eddy‐viscosity and other turbulence quantities in the turbulence models.


Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Mn/sub 1.1/Fe/sub 0.9/P/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ compounds were reported. These materials were found advantageous for use as magnetic refrigerants because they don't contain expensive rare-earth element Gd or the toxic element As.


There is a special problem about personal identity for two reasons. The first is self-consciousness – the fact that there seems to be a peculiar sense in which a man is conscious of his own identity. This I shall consider in Section 3 of this paper. The second reason is that a question of personal identity is evidently not answered merely by deciding the identity of a certain physical body. If I am asked whether the person in front of me is the same person as one uniquely present at place a at time t , I shall not necessarily be justified in answering 'yes' merely because I am justified in saying that this human body is the same as that present at a at t . Identity of body is at least not a sufficient condition of personal identity, and other considerations, of personal characteristics and, above all, memory, must be invoked. Some have held, further, that bodily identity is not a necessary condition of personal identity. This, however, is ambiguous, and yields either a weak or a strong thesis, depending on one's view of the necessity and sufficiency of the other conditions. The weaker thesis asserts merely that at least one case can be consistently constructed in which bodily identity fails, but in which the other conditions will be sufficient for an assertion of personal identity; even though there may be some other imaginable case in which, some other condition failing, bodily identity is a necessary condition of personal identity.


Carbon dioxide, oxygen or therapeutic form for a physiological gas comprises a curing agent solution is foamed, in particular treatment of varicose veins, such as mixtures thereof. This form is a nitrogen content of less than 0.8%. Gas and passed through a curing agent to form a foam, using a canister system pressurized incorporating a fine mesh of micron dimensions can be generated. Alternatively, this form by passing the gas and curable liquid into a fine mesh between the two syringes can be generated. It describes a method to minimize the nitrogen content in the product based upon the canister or syringe. Furthermore, using an apparatus based upon the syringe, also discloses a method for simultaneously forming a foam delivery.


Thanks to the assessments by the IPCC, the world recognizes that humans are contributing to a global climate change that is among the most important threats we face. The climate science community now taces a majornew challenge ofproviding society with reliable regional climate predictions. Adapting to climate change while pursuing sustainable development will require accurate and reliable predictions ot changes in regional weather systems, especially extremes. Investments ot trillions of dollars worldwide may be necessary to avoid the worst consequences of climate change. Yet, current climate models have serious limitations in simulating regional weather variations and therefore in generating the requisite information about regional changes with a level of confidence required by society. Use of high-resoluti on regional models to downscale regional climate change is questionable if the global models from which lateral boundary conditions are prescribed are not realistic. In short, the limitations of current modeling methods are forcing the climate


(2E,4E,6E,8E)-9-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7-dimethylnona2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid (MTDT) is usually called acitretin. It is commercially available in marked. Acitretin is a retinoid, which is a form of vitamin A. Acitretin is used to treat severe psoriasis in adults. The title compound and its derivatives large amount of biological activity such as Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin AntiCancer, lymphoblastic leukemia drug, malignancies, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatic diseases, dermatologic conditions and solid organ transplant rejection, its incorporation into the DNA to bring about the cytotoxic effect and its pharmacokinetics have been understood by several previously done studies [Sahasranaman et al. 2008, Lennard et al. 1989]. The molecular formula is C21H26O3 the title compound and its derivates extensive work have been carried out in recent years. Literature survey reveals that to the best of our knowledge no DFT wavenumber calculations, complete vibrational analysis and molecular properties of MTDT have been reported so far. In this present work detailed theoretical and experimental vibrational spectral investigations of given molecule and to identify the various normal modes with greater wavenumber accuracy. In addition, NBO, NLO, HOMO-LUMO, MEP and thermodynamic properties are calculated.


An interesting discovery has just been made in this district. A short time since some workmen from Cumnor brought to the Museum a basketful of bones which they said they had found in digging the clay at the brick works, now in course of large extension, at Cumnor Hurst, three miles west of Oxford. On cleaning the specimens, the characteristic vertebræ and teeth of Iguanodon were recognized. A large number of the vertebræ are entire, but the jaw is in fragments, with many teeth, however, in position. The skull is wanting, except a small fragment. One of the feet, with the claws, is almost complete. The larger bones are almost all broken, buty we hope to be able to reunite many of the fragments, as there is reason to belive that the skeleton was entire or nearly so. The smaller bones and the extremities of the larger bones are in a beautiful state of preservation. It is a smaller animal than the Wealden Iguanodon Mantelli, but whether owing to age or difference of species remains to be determined. It seems to be indicate a different species, with smaller and more delicately-formed bones.


Ascendance pattern of jellyfish biomass in coastal waters off Veraval was investigated. Jellyfish landing figures obtained from four different trawling systems viz. 18m semipelagic trawl with 70mm codend mesh size (SP70), 18m semipelagic trawl with 50mm codend mesh size (SP50), 34m bottom trawl with 60mm codend mesh size (BT60) and 34m bottom trawl with 40mm codend mesh size (BT40) during 2005-06 was used for the analysis. The average percentage contribution of jellyfish varied from 9.7-23.8% in different trawling systems. Exclusion of non-jellyfish hauls revealed highest jellyfish capture (91%) by SP70 and more than 22% in all the trawling systems. The frequency of occurrence of jellyfish was highest in BT40. Estimation of seasonal variation in jellyfish landings showed higher catch during post-monsoon period i.e. 25% considering all hauls and 63% after excluding non-jellyfish hauls. Jellyfish formed higher component of bycatch during pre-monsoon. Juveniles of commercially important species like cephalopods, sciaenids and ribbon fishes were found to have higher degree of association with jellyfish.


Nowadays, regarding huge data volumes and increasing rate of data generation, the need for data analysis methods like data mining is increased. Furthermore, with the real time requirement and size of data that should be processed, these methods must be able to act very fast. One of the well-known techniques to increase speed is parallelism. With respect to increasing use of cellular automata in various domains and its high power in parallelism, it seems that using cellular automata for data mining is an appealing approach. This paper presents a clustering method named CAC, which is based on the cellular automata and ant-colony concepts. In this method, each data point from the dataset that should be clustered is assigned to an ant. The ants move in grid space simultaneously and find other ants with similar data to form a community. Clustering operation is done by constitution of these communities. Experiments conducted on standard datasets using this method show the capability and applicability of our approach for data clustering.


Direct selection for grain yield per se is often not reliable due to complex nature, controlled by non-additive gene action and is believed to have low heritability. In most of the cases experimental error associated with yield measurements and inter genotypic competition often bias the outcome of selection for higher yield. Therefore, several workers in different crop plants have emphasized the need of indirect selection for yield through the use of component traits governed by genes with additive effect and having strong correlation with grain yield. As no single trait could be taken as an adequate criterion of selection for yield, therefore, selection indices provide a useful method by making use of several correlated traits for greater efficiency of selection in yield. In the present study on selection indices it revealed that the thirteen character index was superior over the direct selection for yield per se. On the basis of twelve character selection index promising genotypes namely FR 13A, Damodarbhoga, Mrunalini, Ganjeijata, Dhulia, Kadalipendi, Upahar, Kanchan, Ganjamgedi and Kanthakamal may be used for future breeding programme. It was interesting to note that the relative rankings of genotypes selected on the basis of per se performance and index score differed signifying the importance of selection index over direct selection on grain yield.


Abstract 3489 Patients with SAA in Brazil, in general, receive multiple transfusions and prolonged immunosuppresion with steroids and/ or cyclosporine (CSA) prior to undergoing allo-SCT. Therefore the rate of early and late graft rejection and infectious complications are high. GCSF-primed allo-BMT has shown to accelerate neutrophil recovery after allo-BMT from HLA-matched related donor (Ostronoff M. et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12:729-33). Conditioning regimen using busulfan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) for SAA has been shown to decrease graft rejection after allo-BMT in patients who received multiple transfusions. To faster the neutrophil recovery and reduce the incidence of graft rejection, we used GCSF-primed allo-BMT from matched related donor to treat 22 polytransfused patients with SAA after conditioning with Bu and Cy. In addition, we incorporate ATG to our conditioning regimen to reduce both GVHD and graft rejection. From May 2005, 22 patients with SAA, median age 14 years (range 3–21) mail all heavily transfused ( Median neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred respectively on day +10 (range 8 to 13 days) and day +22 (range 14–34 days). There were 3 episodes of serum sickness, manifested by fever, arthralgia, GI symptoms, rash and thrombocytopenia. They all responded to steroids. One patient developed pulmonary tuberculosis; wich was successfully treated with anti-mycobacterium. Three patients (14%) developed BK-virus associated hemorrhagic cystitis. They all improved with hyperhydration and Leflunomide. In one severe case, cidofovir was used. Positive antigenemia (>=2 cells) occurred in 9 patients (40%) and one patient developed CT scan findings suggestive of CMV pneumonia. All patients were successfully treated with gancyclovir. Grade II-IV acute GVHD extensiv chronic occurred in 6 patients (27%) and grade III-IV occurred in 2 patients (9%). Extensive GVHD occurred in 1 patient (5%). Two patients died: 1 due to complications of acute GVHD and one from aspergillosis which was probably acquired prior to allo-BMT as the patient was leucopenic under immunosuppression with steroids for 4 years prior to transplant. The overall survival was 91%, with median follow up of 36 months (range 6 to 60 months). The neutrophil engraftment was fast, the incidence of chronic GVHD and graft reject was low. The immunosuppression was significant, requiring constant surveillance for infectious process and treatment with antivirals. The overall survival and quality of life in this patient population was notable. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


With the reduction of public funding and the government's emphasis on accountability, output control and cost-effectiveness in the delivery of services, organizations need information to measure their activities, link their inputs with outputs, correct their pricing, and measure their performance in order to facilitate accomplishing their goals. This research is to explain the steps and the benefits of implementing Activity Based Costing (ABC) for the Iranian Gas Company. Using ABC the cost of one cub meter of consuming gas in all regions of capital was determined and compared with the results of the Traditional Costing System (TCS). Implementing ABC strongly changed company managers' prospective towards the company cost of services, provided a more effective system for company internal decision-making, improved the effectiveness of the costing system and cost management, and helped the managers to correct company pricing of services and the accomplishment of strategic goals by giving more correct cost information.


Dodd, S. C. 1957. "A Power of Town Size Predicts Internal Interacting." Social Forces 36 (December): 132-37. Fischer, C. S. 1976. The Urban Experience. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Korte C. 1977. "Helpfulness in the Urban Environment." In Advances in Environmental Research, edited by A. Baum and S. Valins. Norwood, N.J.: Erlbaum. Lofland, L. 1973. A World of Strangers. New York: Basic. McCarthy, J. D., 0. R. Galle, and W. Zimmern. 1975. "Population Density, Social Structure and Interpersonal Violence." American Behavioral Scientist 18 (July/August): 771-91. Mulvihill, D. J., and M. M. Tumin, 1969. Crimes of Violence: A Staff Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence. Vol. 12. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Reiss, A. J., Jr. 1959. "Rural-Urban and Status Differences in Interpersonal Contacts." American Journal of Sociology 65 (September): 182-95.


Background The prevalence of risk factors for diabetes and hypertension in Saudi school children has achieved epidemic proportions because of enriched lifestyles. The aim of this study is to conduct a baseline study of such risk factors in a young population at the cusp of high-end technology and material comfort. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was done among school children using parental assisted self-questionnaires and anthropometric assessment of their vital statistics. This study, including planning, data collection and analysis, and the writing of the first draft, was conducted from March 2015 to October 2016 after ethical approval was obtained. Cluster sampling was done for the schools, and stratified randomized sampling was performed to choose a total of 794 male and female school children. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Results It was found that 11.6% of the children had a body mass index (BMI) above the normal range. The waist-to-height ratio was elevated in 16.8% of the children. Other risk factors of note were a high prevalence of sedentary habits (43%), daily consumption of carbonated sugary drinks (36.4%), and eating at fast food restaurants most days of the week (17%). Conclusions This gradual buildup of risk factors for diabetes and hypertension at an early age is a morbid indicator of an epidemic whose outcome has been determined. Most of these modifiable risk factors are amenable to change through concentrated efforts to educate, train and inculcate healthy habits among children and their families. Significance for public health The whole body of work done on risk factors associated with diabetes and hypertension provides a grim outlook for the burden of disease that developed and developing countries are both going to face. Health education about the presence of such risk factors and its consequences to the general population is getting drowned out in the rapid globalization of the lifestyle, diet and societal addictions in terms of technology and entertainment. A need was felt to improve the coverage of high risk populations who are at the cusp of development and to whom any positive primary prevention would matter the most since they are the precursors of our vision of a healthy future. This study would be one of the tools to encourage further exploratory studies on minimizing risk factors at an early age in a high-risk country like Saudi Arabia.


In previous research, we designed a grasp-training robot for the post-stroke patient in relation to its usability and wearability for ease of use in clinical practice. Experimental results obtained from a post-stroke patient showed that by combining a grasping support of the robot and the mechanism for pushing an elastic bar on the palm, the grasping reflex was induced in paralyzed patient in a clinical test that involves measuring EMG signals. However, the robot has one structural issue that subjects could not use the robot without fixing subjects' wrist joint, then the robot could not realize synergistic movement of the wrist and the fingers. In this paper, we introduced the new mechanism that can extend the wrist joint into the previous robot having the glove type device. New mechanism is designed by imitating a mechanism of the bascule bridge. We introduced the wire drive system having one motor and the stepped shaft for pulling wires. As the shaft has steps, the shaft can pull different amount of wires for the glove type device and the wrist movement mechanism, then the robot can realize the extension of the wrist and the flexion of the fingers as a cooperative motion.


We study the formation of quasi-two-dimensional (thin pancake) vortex structures in three-dimensional flows and of quasi-one-dimensional structures in two-dimensional hydrodynamics. These structures are formed at large Reynolds numbers, when their evolution is described in the leading order by the Euler equations for an ideal incompressible fluid. We show numerically and analytically that the compression of these structures and, as a consequence, the increase in their amplitudes are due to the compressibility of the frozen-in-fluid fields: the field of continuously distributed vortex lines in the three-dimensional case and the field of vorticity rotor lines (divorticity) for two-dimensional flows. We find that the growth of vorticity and divorticity can be considered to be a process of overturning the corresponding fields. At high intensities, this process demonstrates a Kolmogorov-type scaling relating the maximum amplitude to the corresponding thicknesses-to-width ratio of the structures. The possible role of these coherent structures in the formation of the Kolmogorov turbulent spectrum, as well as in the Kraichnan spectrum corresponding to a constant flux of enstrophy in the case of two-dimensional turbulence, is analyzed.


Background: Indian pharmaceuticals market stands third and thirteenth largest in terms of value and volume in the Global Pharmaceutical Industry respectively. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental illnesses affecting more than 15% of the population at some point in their life span. Treatment of anxiety disorders usually follows a long term treatment. Cost of the treatment is an important factor determining the adherence to the treatment. Methods: Data relevant to various brands of anxiolytic drug available in the Indian market particular drug obtained from "Current Index of Medical Specialties" (CIMS) October 2017 January 2018 was used to calculate the cost ratio and percentage cost variation. Results: There are 16 anxiolytic drugs in the form of 44 different formulations and 384 brands available in the Indian market. Among anxiolytic drugs, highest cost ratio and percent cost variation is for diazepam 5mg, followed by alprazolam 1mg and hydroxyzine 10mg. Highest number of brands of anxiolytic drugs available in Indian market are for clonazepam 0.5mg followed by alprazolam 0.5mg and escitalopram 10mg. Conclusions: In Indian market, there is availability of large number of brands with wide and variable cost variations among the various brands of the anxiolytic drugs.


of FR 2762 616 (at 1998). WPIL Abstract in English of FR 2762 616 (Oct. 1998). Primary Examiner David Brunsman Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Henderson & Sturm LLP


This paper presents an analysis that accounts for the effect of standard ESD structures on critical LNA specifications of noise figure, input matching and gain. A common-source-cascode CMOS RF LNA is used for this analysis. It is shown that the ESD structures degrade LNA performance particularly for higher frequency applications. The analysis has been validated with SpectreRF simulations for a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process. Design techniques are also proposed for designing LNAs with ESD protection.


GOLD 2011 proposes a new COPD assessment framework focussed on symptoms measured by the COPD Assessment Test (CAT™) or the mMRC and on risk based on poor lung function (FEV 1 The 2011 Adelphi Disease Specific Programme dataset was used to understand the distribution of patients in the GOLD framework. Exacerbation events defined as those not brought under control by rescue medication were recorded by physicians. We included 1041 EU COPD patients with documented CAT, mMRC, FEV 1 and exacerbation history in the last year: 401 (38.5%) were from primary care and 640 (61.5%) from specialty clinics. Almost all (97.7%) were on maintenance treatment. 104 subjects (10%) reported good health status (CAT In observational databases, 1 exacerbation increases the risk of future exacerbations 1 and negatively impacts health status and outcomes 2 . Therapeutic interventions reduce the number and severity of exacerbations in patients with 1 or more exacerbations. Nearly 1/5 of patients in the Adelphi dataset had 1 exacerbation in the previous year and would fail to be included in GOLD high risk category. These observations may have important clinical implications. 1. Hurst JR, NEJM 2010 2. Cote C, CHEST 2007.


over intermittent top-up procedures. It also has the advantage of greater safety. Bupivacaine at the initial dose of20 mg/hour was the rate we studied in our paper. Our study was not designed to seek the optimal dose rate. We have not claimed that 20 mg/hour is the correct rate for every patient. The point of our paper was that the 0.08% solution was more effective than the 0.25% solution of bupivacaine. Presumably, a wider segmental spread is maintained. We have continued with the use of a 0.08% solution of bupivacaine in Aberdeen because we have found it very satisfactory (in over 1700 mothers now). This may indeed not be the optimum dilution. Provided the dose rate of bupivacaine is adequate, greater dilution may be even more satisfactory! We agree with the suggestion that a further study of the 0.08% solution at a lower dose rate could be valuable. Bupivacaine 12.5 mg/hour is considered the optimal dose rate by the authors of the two letters written in response to our paper. Optimal dose rate is the balance between that which achieves adequate and uninterrupted pain relief and that which at the same time produces a minimum of unwanted side effects such as hypotension. The balance point is influenced by patient demand. The great majority of our patients do not wish to feel any pain at all once the epidural is established. During the period April to December 1985,426 mothers in the Aberdeen Maternity Hospital, who had singleton vertex vaginal deliveries and continuous infusion epidurals, were questioned during labour with regard to their views on spontaneous vaginal delivery. They were asked if they wanted the epidural infusion switched off when they were considered to be at full cervical dilatation so that they could push with the contractions. This would increase the chances of delivery without forceps. The answers were yes 18%, no 73%, and don't know (or didn't understand) 9%. The spontaneous delivery rate was 34%. 33% and 24% in each group respectively. With regard to the incidence of hypotension, we have already commented that it was usually associated with the initial bolus dose.


Correlation between changes in color and carotenoid components in flesh of pineapple during fruit development was investigated with HPLC technique using Comte de Paris [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] and Smooth Cayenne [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] as representatives of deep yellow and light yellow pineapple cultivars respectively. The results showed that the contents of β-carotene,zeaxanthin and β-apo-δ'-carotenal increased in flesh of two cultivars,especially β-carotene content was accumulated sharply from green fruit stage to full-ripe stage,but being accompanied by a gradual decrease in amount of lutein. The β-carotene content was significantly higher than the other three carotenoid compositions in flesh of two cultivars; moreover,β-carotene content in Comte de Paris was about more than two times of that in Smooth Cayenne. All these results indicated that β-carotene was one of the major carotenoid components affecting carotenoid accumulation and color levels in flesh of two pineapple cultivars.


Shape-persistent macrocycles with a rigid pyridyl core and a flexible oligo-alkyl corona aggregate to some extent in nonpolar solvents to form large (tubular) aggregates. To increase the assembling tendency, the intraannular pyridyl groups of the macrocycles were alkylated. Unexpectedly, the quarternized macrocycles show no tendency at all to form tubular micellar-like structures but form well-defined dimers, as determined by X-ray and dynamic light scattering.


Assuming that the high-temperature phase of QCD is described by a classical condensate for the Polyakov loop, hadron production at the confining phase transition is calculable by semi-classical means. Generically, particle production exhibits strong deviations from statistical behavior on an event-by-event basis. For example, the average transverse momentum of pions exhibits dynamical fluctuations between events. We discuss the real-time evolution of the long-wavelength modes of the condensate of Polyakov Loops. Classical real-time simulations on a 643 lattice indicate an "explosive" transition with almost sudden hadron production and small spatial homogeneity scale of the field. This may offer an explanation for the observed small Hanburry-Brown-Twiss radii at RHIC.


We present a PRAM algorithm to approximate the Voronoi diagram of line segments for a grid of points in the plane. The algorithm combines ideas from computer graphics and from hierarchical approximation algorithms. We analyze the complexity and report on experimental results of an implementation on a PRAM simulator. The algorithm can be extended to other types of objects and distance metrics. We sketch how to extend the algorithm for message-passing machines.


A wind-tunnel model of a supersonic VSTOL fighter aircraft configuration has been developed for use in the evaluation of airframe-propulsion system aerodynamic interactions. The model may be employed with conventional test techniques, where configuration aerodynamics are measured in a flow-through mode and incremental nozzle-airframe interactions are measured in a jet-effects mode, and with the Compact Multimission Aircraft Propulsion Simulator which is capable of the simultaneous simulation of inlet and exhaust nozzle flow fields so as to allow the evaluation of the extent of inlet and nozzle flow field coupling. The basic configuration of the twin-engine model has a geometrically close-coupled canard and wing, and a moderately short nacelle with nonaxisymmetric vectorable exhaust nozzles near the wing trailing edge, and may be converted to a canardless configuration with an extremely short nacelle. Testing is planned to begin in the summer of 1982.


This research aims to study the effects of water pH and immersion time on water absorption and mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced bioplastic composites. The composite samples were exposed to three different water conditions of normal water, distilled water and saltwater. The composites were immersed for a maximum of 40 days. After immersing for 40 days, the highest moisture absorption was found for the composites immersed in distilled water. Young's modulus and tensile strength decreased with increasing the immersion time for the composite immersed in normal water. Moreover, the effect of the moisture absorption on the mechanical properties and the fracture surface was discussed by the glass transition temperature's thermal behavior.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Berro, Fidalgo, Rowlett and Tardelli. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Benzodiazepine addiction: from lab to street


The outer valence double ionization transitions in the benzene molecule have been computed using Green's functions and the results are discussed in connection with the Auger spectrum of this molecule. It is found that already at low energy the double ionization transitions are characterized by strong correlation effects and the appearance of a very large number of satellite states. The 226 computed dicationic states are analyzed in terms of their energy distribution weighted by their two‐hole components. It is shown that the relative energies of the maxima in this distribution agree with the experimental Auger peaks to within 0.3 eV. These results emphasize the extreme usefulness of the method in the investigation of double ionization spectra of large molecules, which are practically beyond the reach of conventional ab initio approaches.


A new ISM (image sensor module) WLP (wafer level package) for reflow process is designed, fabricated and tested. The ISM WLP is composed of polymer bonding layer, glass cap wafer for particle free process and CIS (CMOS Image Sensor) chip wafer which has micro via hole interconnection. During the last decades, WLP is highlighted as the next generation ISM Package method for many advantages like high yield (particle free process), small form factor (3D interconnection), low assembly cost and so on. Nevertheless these benefits, there are some problems like micro via hole fabrication, low temperature insulation process (inside hole), bottom side oxide etching, warpage control according to wafer level bonding using different material, and whole process temperature limitation for micro lens damage. Among various fabrication methods for ISM package, COB (Chip on board), COF (Chip on film), and L, T contact WLP from ShellCase are generally used. In case of COB and COF package, it has difficulty in particle control during assembly process. In case of ShellCase type WLP has very complicated fabrication process. Additionally, most of above package has disadvantage in size point of view. Through suggested ISM WLP using through interconnection via, wafer level fabrication & packaging technology is realized. It can not only solve problems of conventional packaging structures but also tremendously reduce the manufacturing & assembly cost (include time) of ISM package and realize real chip scale package. Based on sensor size, 3.67 times 3.42 times 0.39 (H) mm3 WLP is designed. During the parametric study using commercial 3-D simulation programs, silicon thickness, polymer bonding layer thickness, and glass thickness were chose the effective factor. And considering the optical and electrical analysis, we decide the parameter: silicon thickness is 0.1 mm, polymer bonding layer thickness is 0.04 mm, and glass thickness is 0.25 mm. The fabrication process is composed bonding layer patterning, wafer bonding, thinning, via etching, passivation layer deposition, bottom oxide opening, metal plating, bottom electrode patterning, solder ball formation, and dicing. A new concept of ISM WLP has been founded to be suitable structure for low cost, small form factor application.


Eligibility standards should be a positive, motivating force for students, according to this writer, who reviews the spectrum of literature on this topic.


Abstract Asteroseismology has been recognized for a long time as a very powerful mean to probe stellar interiors. The oscillations frequencies are closely related to stellar internal structure properties via the density and the sound speed profiles. Since these properties are in turn tightly linked with the mass and evolutionary state, we can expect to determine the age and mass of a star from the comparison of its oscillation spectrum with the predictions of stellar models. Such a comparison will of course suffer both from the problems we face when modeling a particular star (for instance the uncertainties on its global parameters and chemical composition) and from our general misunderstanding of the physical processes at work in stellar interiors (for instance the various transport processes that may lead to core mixing and affect the ages predicted by models). However for stars where observations have provided very precise and numerous oscillation frequencies together with accurate global parameters and additional information (as the radius or the mass of the star if it is member of a binary system, the radius if it observable in interferometry or the mean density if the star is an exoplanet host), we can also expect to better constrain the physical description of the stellar structure and transport processes and to finally get a more reliable age estimation. After a brief survey of stellar pulsations, we present some general seismic diagnostics that can be used to infer the age of a pulsating star as well as their limitations. We then illustrate the ability of asteroseismology to scrutinize stellar interiors on the basis of a few examples. In the years to come, extended very precise asteroseismic observations are expected, either in photometry or in spectroscopy, from present and future ground-based (HARPS, CORALIE, ELODIE, UVES, UCLES, SIAMOIS, SONG) or spatial devices (MOST, CoRoT, WIRE, Kepler, PLATO). This will considerably enlarge the sample of stars eligible to asteroseismic age determination and should allow to estimate the age of individual stars with a 10-20% accuracy.


This paper focuses on safety model of embedded system architecture using AADL (Architecture Analysis and Design Language). It achieves both the foundation of fault model annex to specify safety requirements and the transformation from AADL safety model to DSPN (Deterministic Stochastic Petri Net) model. Then AADL architecture safety computation model can be accessed by the means of numerical simulation. To support safety assessment automatically, this paper designs and implements an AADL Safety Assessment Tool, shorted by ASAT. It is integrated into the OSATE (the Open Source AADL Tool Environment) and uses Time NET to achieve the safety assessment of DSPN model. Meanwhile, this paper presents a case study of OVP (Over Voltage Protection) system on the safety analysis and assessment to show the scenario of ASAT performance.


In general, the cryptographic operation in wireless devices which have low memory and low computing power causes the system overhead, so that it badly affects the performance of other tasks. Therefore, it is positively necessary to implement the security hardware which is dedicated to the cryptographic operation. Early researches about the security hardware architectures make design metrics with data throughput, gate usage, and power consumption to demonstrate the efficiency of their architectures. In this paper, we provide an efficient hardware architecture of the security processing for ZigBee, which satisfies the constraints IEEE 802.15.4 standard requires. These requirements mainly consist of the critical response time, the verification delay, and the throughput. In experiments, we implemented the security processing for ZigBee that used fewer logic gates and consumed low power than other earlier ZigBee chips and fulfilled the standard requirements with considerable margins.


We applied a new texture segmentation algorithm to improve the segmentation of boundary areas for distinction on the liver needle biopsy images taken from microscopes for automatic assessment of liver fibrosis severity. It was difficult to gain satisfactory segmentation results on the boundary areas of textures with some of existing texture segmentation algorithms in our preliminary experiments. The proposed algorithm consists of three steps. The first step is to apply the K-View-datagram segmentation method to the image. The second step is to find a boundary set which is defined as a set including all the pixels with more than half of its neighboring pixels being classified into clusters other than that of itself by the K-View-datagram method. The third step is to apply a modified K-view template method with a small scanning window to the boundary set to refine the segmentation. The algorithm was applied to the real liver needle biopsy images provided by the hospitals in Wuhan, China. Initial experimental results show that this new segmentation algorithm gives high segmentation accuracy and classifies the boundary areas better than the existing algorithms. It is a useful tool for automatic assessment of liver fibrosis severity.


In the introduction, Stephen Moeller-Sally explains that his aim in Gogol's Afterlife is to begin to answer the question Michel Foucault bracketed in his famous essay, "What Is an Author": "I shall not offer here a sociohistorical analysis of the author's persona. Certainly it would be worth examining how the author became individualized in a culture like ours, what status he has been given, at what moment studies of authenticity and attribution began, in what kind of system of valorization the author was involved, at what point we began to recount the lives of authors rather than of heroes, and how this fundamental category of 'the-man-and-his-work criticism' began'" (6). In his intelligent and thoughtful discussion of how and why Nikolai Gogol' was made into a "classic" author, Moeller-Sally offers just such a sociohistorical analysis. Moeller-Sally is careful to make clear what he means by a "classic." He notes that there is undoubtedly something intrinsic to a work of art that allows it to become a classic, a "surplus value" of "devices, attitudes, motifs, form, ideology, thematics, manner, and so forth . . . that exceed dominant evaluation of a given place and time and so provide material for a new one" (10). These intrinsic qualities, however, are not his focus. Instead his book lays bare the classic's function as a "form of cultural capital." As Moeller-Sally explains, "the classic bears symbolic value generated within the institution of literature that may subsequently be transferred to nonliterary conflicts and enterprises" (9), and it is these nonliterary conflicts and enterprises that are his real topic, above all the uses to which the liberal intelligentsia put Gogol' in their efforts to expand Russia's public sphere in the wake of the Great Reforms. There is a wonderful irony in the fact that it is Gogol' himself who repeatedly offered the model for later appropriations of his work. Part 1 of Gogol's Afterlife suggests how first Vissarion Belinskii, then Gogol' himself in Selected Passages from Correspondence with Friends, and finally a diverse group of readers ranging from Lev Tolstoi, Vasilii Rozanov, and Dmitrii Merezhkovskii to leading Russian psychologists at the turn of the century attempted to fill the gaps in Gogol"s life and works and use the two together to forge a unified reading public. Part 2 focuses on the years leading up to the revolution as MoellerSally presents the paradox of the liberal intelligentsia's attempts to fashion Gogol' for a broader reading public while at the same time keeping a more rarified Gogol' for themselves, an enterprise that again echoes Gogol"s own tactics with regard to Aleksandr Pushkin. Part 2 finishes with a reading of the two Gogol'jubilees of 1902 and 1909, a shift in genre that serves Moeller-Sally well when he turns in part 3 to Gogol"s function under the Stalinist regime. Moeller-Sally concludes by comparing the second Gogol' monument to a 1937 photograph of Iosif Stalin, arguing that the former had been made to resemble the latter particularly around the eyes, with the rather chilling result that "since 1952 the all-seeing chief of the gnomes, Gogol-Stalin-Vii, has stood on Gogol Boulevard. He holds some sort of book in his hand. And most terrifying of all, his eyelids are never lowered" (161). As this quote would suggest, Moeller-Sally has a gift for finding metaphors to subtly organize his text, and his theoretical range, drawing on the work of historians and anthropologists as well as literary scholars, is very impressive. Moeller-Sally is finally also a fine reader, although if his work has a flaw, it is that his focus on popular culture limits his abilities in that regard. Where Selected Passages or Daniil Kharms's "Pushkin and Gogol" lend themselves to all sorts of complicated meanings, the often repetitive and reductive attempts to present Gogol' to a mass audience simply do not offer Moeller-Sally the same kind of scope. In his careful and erudite contextualization of the readings of Gogol' performed over time, however, Moeller-Sally has effectively cleared the field for more nuanced interpretations, ones marked by his own sharp awareness of the many extraliterary contingencies that shaped Gogol"s reception in the past and that continue to do so.


(57) Abstract: plant transformation expression cassette for transforming a host plant cell with a selectable marker gene is disclosed. The cassette, in the state of being operably linked in the order in the direction of 'the 3' 5 (i) rice β- glucanase 9 (gns9) DNA promoter sequence from a gene; (ii) a selectable marker gene and (iii) 3 'untranslated terminator region. Expression cassette pair comprising the transformation vector, the seeds, to produce a heterologous protein selected during seed germination, the method and the cells get monocotyledonous plants that have been transformed can be transformed with the chimeric selectable marker gene plant is also disclosed.


The study of alginate biosynthesis, the exopolysac charide produced by Azotobacter vinelandii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, might lead to different bio‐technological applications. Here we report the cloning of A. vinelandii algA, the gene coding for the bifunctional enzyme phosphomannose isomerase‐guano‐sine diphospho‐D‐mannose pyrophosphorylase (PMI‐GMP). This gene was selected by the complementation for xanthan gum production of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris xanB mutants, which lack this enzymatic activity. The complementing cosmid clones selected, besides containing algA, presented a gene coding for an alginate lyase activity (algL), and some of them also contained algD which codes for GDP‐mannose dehydrogenase. We present here the characterization of the A. vinelandii chromosomal region comprising algD and its promoter region, algA and algL, showing that, as previously reported for P. aeruginosa, A. vinelandii has a cluster of the biosynthetic alginate genes. We provide evidence for the presence of an algD‐independent promoter in this region which transcribes at least algL and algA, and which is regulated in a manner that differs from that of the algD promoter.


Perceivers form strong inferences of disposition from others' facial appearance, and these inferences guide a wide variety of important behaviors. The current research examines the possibility that similar-looking individuals are more likely to form groups with one another. We do so by testing a necessary downstream consequence of this process, examining whether the faces of individuals within groups more physically resemble one another than those in other groups. Across six studies, we demonstrate that individuals' group membership can be accurately classified both from ratings of members' faces, and from direct measurement of members' faces. Results provide insight into how affiliative groups initially form and maintain membership over time, as well as the perception of homogeneity of groups.


To develop a coherent programme that addresses the need for continuing professional development in general paediatrics and educational skills for senior paediatricians at outpatient clinics in Sweden today.


The article discusses the problem of studying the semantics of the word "cowardly" in the Russian language of the 18th and 19th centuries. The meaning of this lexeme has radically changed over time – this is evidenced by contexts from various sources (both documentary, scientific, and artistic). At the beginning of the 18th century, the word "sneaky/cowardly" was fixed in the General Regulations and Regulations of the Chief Magistrate, developed by Peter I; it was used there as a social term denoting certain social classes. Since the 1730s the lexeme "cowardly" is also used in a stylistic sense – now it is a characteristic of the speech features of those "ignoble" social strata that were mentioned in Peter's Regulations (the speech of the people is cowardly speech). In this sense, the word appears in the works of Lomonosov, Trediakovsky, Kantemir, etc. However, after the publication of Catherine II's Mandate (1767), which strictly regulated the social structure of society, established clear boundaries of classes and their names, the generalizing concept of "cowardly" turned out to be no longer necessary. But the lexical item itself has not disappeared from the language – it has developed a new meaning. Since the end of the 18th century "cowardly" is a moral characteristic of a person, as well as of an unworthy act, an ignoble manner of behavior (this, apparently, was typical, first of all, for the representatives of those "ignoble" social classes). This new semantic meaning of "cowardly" gradually took root in the language and displaced the previous meaning. In the Dictionary of the Russian Academy (1789–1794) the first meaning recorded is still the social meaning of the word "cowardly", the second – a new, moral one. In the Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian (1847), the priority of meanings has been changed: now the moral and ethical semantics of the word is given as the main one. In the lexicographical works of the twentieth century, "cowardly/sneaky" in the meaning of the social term is even marked as obsolete. The theoretical provisions in the article are substantiated by examples of this word's functioning in different periods in different meanings.


OPC technique is getting more complicated toward 32nm and below technology node, i.e. from moderate OPC to aggressive OPC. Also, various types of phase shift mask have been introduced, and then the manufacturing process of them is complicated now. In order to shorten TAT (Turn around time) time, mask technique need be considered in addition to lithography technique. Furthermore, the lens aberration of the exposure system is getting smaller, so the current performance of it is very close to the ideal. On the other hand, when down sizing goes down to 32nm technology node, it starts to be reported that there are cases that size cannot be matched between a mask pattern and the corresponding printed pattern. Therefore, it is very indispensable to understand the pattern sizes correlation between a mask and the corresponding printed wafer in order to improve the accuracy and the quality, in the situation that the device size is so small that low k1 lithography had been developed and widely used in a production. Then it is thought that it is one of the approaches to improve an estimated accuracy of lithography by using contour that was extracted from mask SEM image in addition to mask model. This paper describes a newly developed integration system in order to solve issues above, and the applications. This is a system which integrates CG4500; CD-SEM for mask and CG4000; CD SEM for wafer; using DesignGauge; OPC evaluation system by Hitachi High-Technologies. It was investigated that a measurement accuracy improvement by executing a mask-wafer same point measurement with same measurement algorithm utilizing the new system. At first, we measured patterns described on a mask and verified the validity based on a measurement value, picture, measurement parameter and the coordinate. Then create a job file for a wafer CD-SEM using the system so as to measure the same patterns that were exposed using the mask. In addition, average CD measurement was tried in order to improve the correlation. Photomask Technology 2009, edited by Larry S. Zurbrick, M. Warren Montgomery, Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7488, 748832 · © 2009 SPIE · CCC code: 0277-786X/09/$18 · doi: 10.1117/12.834229 Proc. of SPIE Vol. 7488 748832-1 Also, in order to estimate very accurate pattern shape, a contour was calculated from a mask SEM image, the result and the design data was used in a litho simulation. This realizes verification including mask error. It is thought that it is beneficial for both mask maker and device maker to use this system.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the clinical efficacy of Gengxueting (GXT) in treating hysteromyoma and its effects on estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR).

METHODS
Sixty-four hysteromyoma patients with surgical indication were equally assigned to the treated group and the control group. Patients in the treated group were treated with GXT one capsule every day for 90 consecutive days before surgical operation, while those in the control group were treated with surgery alone. Serum levels of reproductive hormones were determined in the follicular phase before medication and one day before operation by RIA, and colored Doppler ultrasound examination was conducted for measuring the size of uterus and myoma. Moreover the protein expressions of ER and PR in tumor and uterine muscular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry assay with streptomycin avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method.

RESULTS
In the treated group after medication, the serum level of estradiol was (167.0 +/- 85.9) pmol/L, progesterone (1.9 +/- 1.0) nmol/L, follicle-stimulating hormone (10.4 +/- 2.1) IU/L, and luteinizing (12.0 +/- 9. 8) IU/L, all reached the levels of early follicular phase, with the maximal size of myoma significantly decreased from (380.4 +/- 21.0) cm3 to (162.3 +/- 14. 8) cm3 (P < 0.01); and the ER and PR expressions in tumor tissue were significantly lower than those in the control group respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
Expressions of ER and PR in hysteromyoma tissue could be significantly reduced by medication of GXT, which leads to significant shrinkage of tumor size and improvement of clinical symptoms.


BackgroundThe Shannon entropy is a standard measure for the order state of sequences. It quantifies the degree of skew of the distribution of values. Increasing hypnotic drug concentrations increase electroencephalographic amplitude. The probability density function of the amplitude values broadens and flattens, thereby changing from a skew distribution towards equal distribution. We investigated the dose–response relation of the Shannon entropy of the electroencephalographic amplitude values during desflurane monoanesthesia in comparison with previously used electroencephalographic parameters. MethodsElectroencephalographic records previously obtained in 12 female patients during gynecologic laparotomies were reanalyzed. Between opening and closure of the peritoneum, desflurane vapor settings were varied between 0.5 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration. Electroencephalographic Shannon entropy, approximate entropy, median electroencephalographic frequency, SEF 95, total power, log total power, and Bispectral Index were determined, and their correlations with the desflurane effect compartment concentration, obtained by simultaneous pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling, were compared. ResultsThe electroencephalographic Shannon entropy increased continuously over the observed concentration range of desflurane. The correlation of the Shannon entropy (R2 = 0.84 ± 0.08, mean ± SD) with the desflurane effect compartment concentrations is similar to approximate entropy (R2 = 0.85 ± 0.12), SEF 95 (R2 = 0.85 ± 0.10), and Bispectral Index (R2 = 0.82 ± 0.13) and is more statistically significant than median frequency (R2 = 0.72 ± 0.17), total power (R2 = 0.67 ± 0.18), and log total power (R2 = 0.80 ± 0.09). ConclusionsThe Shannon entropy seems to be a useful electroencephalographic measure of anesthetic drug effect.


Introduction: Oxidative stress is a general, early feature in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). But importantly, it has been shown that oxidative stress leads to the oxidation of specific proteins, which include for AD the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1, glutamine synthetase (GS) and amyloid β (Aβ). These proteins, in their oxidized form, may serve as new biomarkers for an early diagnosis of AD.


Light cannot be strongly confined in two-dimensional (2D) slab photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs) when the slab thickness is less than half a wavelength. By using the finite-difference time-domain method, we theoretically demonstrate that two metal plates clad 2D PCWs (MCPCWs) constructed by sandwiching a PCW into two parallel metal plates can well compress light field in the vertical direction of PCW plane. A method for improving the propagation efficiency of MCPCWs is suggested and demonstrated numerically. Our result implies that MCPCWs may provide another method to create planar PC devices on metallic surfaces for highly integrated optical circuits.


Design. During prospective morphologic studies of the human intervertebral disc, specimens from a 79-year-old woman whose tissues were donated for study were found to contain birefringent crystals in multiple disc sites. This case report describes the histopathologic features of hard gritty (tophaceous) deposits and reviews the literature on gout in the spine. Objectives. Light and transmission electron microscopic studies were carried out to describe the microscopic features of disc tissue surrounding the deposits; histochemical procedures were carried out to determine whether crystals were nodular deposits of urate crystals or pyrophosphate crystals. Summary of the Background Data. Previous case studies of spines involved with gout are rare. Many past cases have not involved the disc tissue itself but rather have identified masses of crystals in spinal joints and intradural sites. Methods. Histopathologic studies included examination of disc tissue with routine light microscopy, polarized light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Results. Autopsy findings reported severe osteoarthritic changes, including scoliosis of the spine and ulnar deviation of both hands and extensive cystic disease of both kidneys. Gross dissection of the spine revealed discrete nodular areas of tophaceous deposits in the inner and outer annulus at multiple disc sites (C6–7, C7–T1, T4–5, T6–7, T9–10, L1–2, L2–3). Microscopically these regions were seen to contain birefringent crystals that were determined to be pyrophosphate crystals (not urate crystals) by the histochemical lithium carbonate extraction–hexamine silver technique. Nodular crystal masses were not surrounded by a fibrous capsule or by giant cells or inflammatory cells. Ultrastructural studies showed the presence of intermediate filaments within annulus cells, the presence of cells in clusters, fibrous long-spacing collagen in the lacunar space, wide-banded collagen fibrils, matrix condensations encircling the cells, and sparse interterritorial matrix. Conclusions. This case study increases the small number of reports on findings of crystal deposits within the disc itself; the affected individual also showed scoliosis, severe osteoarthritic changes, extensive cystic disease of both kidneys, and systemic sarcoidosis. Histochemical analyses showed that the birefringent crystals in the disc were pyrophosphate crystals and not urate crystals. These findings are also of interest because they indicate that considerable movement of tissue fluid was present in these discs, as reflected by the subsequent foci of crystal deposition.


acteristically misanthropic, we must also ask what is meant by "conservative." Whatever we take conservatism to mean, it is surely something much more than just adherence to the status quo or defense of some orthodoxy. In fact, the origin of the term "conservative" in British political life was as much abusive as anything else; it was a term of some derision applied to people with a particular set of beliefs. It just happened that the particular constellation of beliefs corresponded fairly closely to what was already considered accepted practice at the time. I would claim, however, that defense of the status quo is not the basic element of what we call a conservative attitude. In fact, there can be circumstances where a conservative advocates change. A strong conservative would, for instance, advocate that we allow private enterprise competitors to the Post Office. Given the steadily worsening service provided by our present postal monopoly, such an innovative step may be the only chance we have to get rid of the present bureaucratic inefficiency.


Genetic variation in broods of Anopheles cruzii was studied. Mosquitoes were collected in Morretes and Paranagua (two municipalities in the State of Parana, Southern Brazil) from which broods were reared. DNA was collected from these broods, from which six random-sequence primers were used in PCR. In within-brood analyses, all markers revealed a high-degree of polymorphisms within the broods. Detailed studies of the within-brood variability will help solve taxonomic problems in this group, since differences in fragment patterns are used to distinguish species.


Frequently in astrophysics we have systems of "particles" which interact only gravitationally. Examples include dark matter and purely stellar systems (in which each star is a particle). Ignoring relativistic effects (which we can in a wide variety of situations) the evolution of such systems is entirely specified by the Newtonian 1/r law of gravity, such that the acceleration of particle i is given by:


Stack Overflow (SO) is a question and answer service directed to issues related to software development. In SO, developers post questions related to a programming topic and other members of the site can provide answers to help them. The information available on this type of service is also known as 'crowd knowledge' and currently is one important trend in supporting activities related to software development.


Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) bahiana sp. nov. is described from Bahia State, Northeast Brazil, based on three specimens collected in pools at the headwater of a stream, 1,705 m. asl. The new species belongs to the Hydraena scintillabella subgroup of the leechi group. Description and diagnostic characters are offered; habitus photographs and line drawings of both male and female genitalia are provided. Habitat and distributional data of the new species are also included.


As of April 11, 2020, there are 503 594 active cases per the Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center.1 Hospital systems at the epicenter in New York and Washington are now at or above their capacity, and extraordinary measures are beginning to take place, including planning for "popup" hospitals and intensive care units (ICUs), resource triaging, and early graduation from medical schools. While much of the United States has not seen significant numbers of patients as a result of COVID-19 surge, reports from Italy, Spain, and China have made clear that the situation will become widespread. In most academic hospitals, surgeons will not be primarily responsible for the treatment of COVID-19, but surgeons will play an essential role in patient care as consultants and hospital leaders, and the impact of these patients on the health care system will have a significant effect on the practice of surgery for the near future. As there has not been such a widespread societal response to a pandemic in the United States in living memory, there is no precedent for how to shape a modern surgery program to respond to it. In general, surgery programs will need to simultaneously assist in the management of the pandemic and the patients affected by it, continue to manage surgical patients both inpatient and outpatient appropriately, and protect the providers from infection while maintaining the training of residents. A variety of response plans have been implemented around the country. Here, the adjustments made by our surgery department are presented, with the available evidence to support them. Our center is an urban safetynet tertiary care center in Camden, New Jersey, which is currently the state with the secondhighest number of cases of COVID-19 after New York,1 with an impending COVID-19 surge in central and southern New Jersey where we are located. The hospital is closely affiliated with the nearby Cooper Medical School of Rowan University. Our surgical services include Oncology/ Hepatobiliary, Trauma, Colorectal, Bariatric/Minimally Invasive Surgery, Vascular, Breast, Thoracic, Pediatric, Plastics, and Cardiac surgery. Our General Surgery residents cover Transplant at a nearby center. Midlevel coverage is provided by a combination of surgical trainees and advanced practice providers (APPs). Surgical Scheduling


During a thunder storm lightning voltages that reach the transmission line appear across insulators, transformers and other apparatus at the extremely rapid rate of millions of volts per second. With this rapid rate of application the voltage may reach a very high value in a microsecond (millionth of a second). Hence, since there is always a delay or lag in the breakdown of insulation, quite peculiar effects result from these voltages. For instance, some remarkable phenomena that take place are: Much higher lightning voltages are usually required to jump a given distance than voltages at normal operating frequency; conductors at normal frequency voltages are often good insulators for lightning voltages; water may be punctured like oil; the wet and dry spark-over voltage of insulators are equal; the lightning discharge has a decidedly explosive effect, etc. In addition to the characteristics just mentioned, a study has also been made of the change in voltage and shape of a lightning wave as it travels over a ransmission line at the velocity of light. In order that a laboratory study may be of a practical as well as a theoretical interest, it is necessary to be able to reproduce lightning voltages in the laboratory on a large scale and of known characteristics. This investigation was started some years ago with a 200-kv. generator.


Crime, from whatever standpoint it is considered, is seen to transcend in importance most of the other great problems of the day. It is a more complex, phenomenon than is generally supposed, and is a constant source of degradation of public and private morality. The citizens of many states have been aroused because of crime, more particularly spectacular crime, and the many statements, some accurate, and too many inaccurate, relative to it and the treatment of the criminal. Attempts to determine the exact crime situation and its causes bring forth marked differences of opinion. Many reforms are proposed, and cover the entire range of administrative activities from the police to the final Court of Appeals, and even the conduct of governors in criminal matters. Each separate official agency dealing with crime defends its methods and attempts to place the responsibility elsewhere. In the meantime the public mind is left in a state of confusion and alarm. Early in November a conference on crime was held in Washington, D. C., under the auspices of the National Crime Commission. This gathering, in accordance with its purpose, served well to inform many persons and organizations of the existence of others in the fight on crime, and of their viewpoints, accomplishments, problems, objectives, and methods. The report of the National Crime Commission, available at the conference, stated that the Commission came into existence to take advantage of the temporary awakening of popular alarm to secure the establishment of state and city bodies, composed of qualified and conservative men, to go over the weak spots in the judicial armor of the different states, and obtain a legislative enactment of statutes which would remain after the crime excitement itself had subsided. Further, that, although only a year had passed since the Commission had announced its determination to encourage the establishment of local bodies, and while at that time there were practically only three such bodies existing, there were represented at the conference twenty-six commissions, and over fifty additional important organizations, which have taken up seriously the question of crime reduction. Of course


In today's technological era, the decision-making that takes place has a very high amount of data to be worked upon. Big data is so vast and has such a wide variety involved to it that it gets very difficult to manage it according to how it was done before. Due to this reason and a constant change in data, we need to find solutions for the same. People involved in big data analytics can find conclusions from the data itself. The data might be from social networks, everyday transactions, consumer contacts, and many more. Hence advanced analytics techniques on the data provide us with a lot of different advantages. This study aims to find and look at various analytical techniques, mechanisms, benefits, problems, and tools that can be used in this field. It also briefs us with the opportunities that are offered by the same for decision makers involved in the same.


One of the energies strongly needed by humans is electrical energy. Currently, Solar Power Plant (henceforth, PLTS) is a source of renewable electrical energy and widely developed since PLTS is environmentally friendly and easy to obtain, specifically for the countries are on the equator such as Indonesia. One of the PLTS with a large capacity developed by PT. Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara (PT. AMNT) in collaboration with PT. Medcopower Solar Sumbawa (PT. MPSS) and PT. Sinergi Era Cemerlang (PT. SEC) as the executor. The PLTS, with 26 MWpcapacity, built in the Tongo Village area, Sekongkang District, West Sumbawa Regency, NTB. This PLTS is known as PLTS Sumbawa 26 MWp. The existence of this project definitely has a socio-economic impacts on the community, either positive or negative impacts. The qualitative data analysis results show the socio-economic effects of the PLTS Sumbawa 26 MWp development, namely increasing labor absorption; increasing Village Original Income (PADes) such as waste retribution; improvement of village infrastructure, especially places of worship, educational facilities, garbage disposal sites, and assistance for social activities; and changes in public perception in the form of social jealousy.


In this paper we generalize the integral inequality of Gronwall and study the continuous dependence of the solution of the initial value problem for nonlinear impulsive integro-differential equations of Volterra type on the


Abstract Objective: to investigate whether Millennials are internally consistent and distinguished cohort in terms of the perception of luxury Methodology: mixed: the international e-survey results, conducted in 5 different countries (Poland, Portugal, Turkey, Germany and Saudi Arabia, 1193 responses) and 4 FGI, conducted in the groups of younger and older Millennials in Poland and Portugal. Findings: Millennials demonstrate strong country–specific differences in evaluating luxury value drivers; from avowed hedonic status-seekers (mainly Saudi Arabians), through moderately enthusiastic luxury products admirers (Portuguese, Turkish, Polish) to stand-outs, individualists who contest the overall CVPL as represented mostly by Germans. The evaluation of luxury is not cohort specific but rather a matter of the family and material status strengthened by socio-cultural pressure. Value Added: Global consumption behavioral patterns regarding luxury are permeated by local cultural influences, but are not global cohorts' specific, due to their internal cultural, age, income and family status diversity. Recommendations: Communication strategies in a luxury sector should be adjusted more to the country-specific and less to the specific needs of global cohorts.


This paper extends an application named "EAider" on student affairs management, including academic affairs and non-academic affairs. It breaks the traditional way of thinking and applies the latest technologies to manage the collection and distribution of students' information. Moreover, it integrates multiple functions and eases the load of instructors and teachers. The application features in its real-time, accuracy, convenience, innovation and productivity.


The results of the Austin-Model 1 (AM1) geometry optimization calculations are present to determine the neutral and charged geometry properties of oligothiophenes. Comparing with the neutral states, the changes of the bond lengths of the charged states are very evident. The singly oxidized state is corresponding to polaron and the doubly oxidized state to bipolaron. The bipolarons are always more stable than the polarons even if the chain length is 16 PT. The quadruple oxidized state is corresponding to two separate bipolarons.


WT5"BZ]Current very large scale integration (VLSI) technology makes it possible to manufacture large area integrated circuits with sub micrometer feature sizes and integrate millions of elements into a single chip However, imperfections in the fabrication process result in yield reduction, especially for IC functional yield Models of the defect outline, the spatial distribution and the size distribution statistics are described in the paper Mechanisms of the IC functional yield loss are discussed in particular and the analysis model of the IC functional yield is introduced in detail [WT5HZ]


UNTIL recent years orthopedic surgeons have been content to view the neck of the femur in the anteroposterior or oblique planes roentgenographically. Inability to produce satisfactory lateral roentgenograms of this part has been taken as a matter of fact, and little work along this line has been attempted. In 1932, Clayton Johnson2 described an accurate method whereby the femoral neck might be viewed laterally for judging displacement in fracture of the neck. With the patient in a supine position, he placed a film parallel to the long axis of the femoral shaft and inclined from the horizontal 65 degrees. He then directed the central rays across the patient at an angle 25 degrees below horizontal and across the thigh toward the femoral neck at an angle 25 degrees from the transverse plane of the femoral shaft (Fig. 1). The projection thus obtained was in the plane of anteversion of the femoral neck, commonly called the lateral view, and was undistorted as to relative length of neck to head or shaft. Such a...


Abstract The influence of bottom heat, rooting medium, type of cutting (i.e. terminal vs. subterminal), and commercial auxin formulations on greenhouse propagation of firebush (Hamelia patens Jacq.) by leafy stem cuttings during winter was investigated. Without bottom heat, mid-day rooting medium temperature averaged about 22 ± 3°C (72 ± 5°F). Percent rooting of auxin-treated cuttings without bottom heat was 50% and mean length of the longest root and visual rating scores of root development were low. Maintaining the rooting medium at 29–39°C (85–10 1°F) increased percent rooting for auxin-treated cuttings to 96–100% and increased root length and visual rating scores several-fold. Rooting percentage, root length, and visual rating scores were consistently high in perlite and low in peat moss. Terminal stem-tip cuttings and subterminal stem segment cuttings with basal stem diameters of 3–5 mm (0.13–0.20 in) rooted slightly better than subterminal stem segment cuttings which had basal stem diameters of 6–8 ...


The invention relates to an air conditioner control system of biological signals and a control method. The air conditioner control system of the biological signals comprises an air conditioner main body which comprises a wireless receiving module and an air conditioner control unit. The wireless receiving module receives an air conditioner state adjustment request command sent by a wireless transmission module and transmits the air conditioner state adjustment request command to the air conditioner control unit. The air conditioner control unit receives the air conditioner state adjustment request command sent by the wireless transmission module and responds to the air conditioner state adjustment request command to change the operational state of the air conditioner. A biological sensor is used for detecting a plurality of biological signals and providing the biological signals to a signal analysis engine module. The signal analysis engine module is used for collecting the biological signals, classifying, extracting and analyzing the biological signals, and generating the air conditioner state adjustment request command according to a pre-appointed conversion mode and protocol as well as transmitting the air conditioner state adjustment request command to the wireless transmission module. The air conditioner control system has the advantages of flexible operation, good comfort, and wide application range.


Rapid safety assessment is more and more needed for the increasing chemicals both in chemical industries and regulators around the world. The traditional experimental methods couldn't meet the current demand any more. With the development of the information technology and the growth of experimental data, in silico modeling has become a practical and rapid alternative for the assessment of chemical properties, especially for the toxicity prediction of organic chemicals. In this study, a quantitative regression workflow was built by KNIME to predict chemical properties. With this regression workflow, quantitative values of chemical properties can be obtained, which is different from the binary‐classification model or multi‐classification models that can only give qualitative results. To illustrate the usage of the workflow, two predictive models were constructed based on datasets of Tetrahymena pyriformis toxicity and Aqueous solubility. The qcv2 and qtest2 of 5‐fold cross validation and external validation for both types of models were greater than 0.7, which implies that our models are robust and reliable, and the workflow is very convenient and efficient in prediction of various chemical properties.


Risk management (RM) has always been the focus of software project management studies. The abilities to monitor and control the software project risks are among the critical issues examined by various researchers. This paper discusses steps in the RM process based on Boehm model. A survey was conducted to know the perceptions of respondents on their practices of managing project risks. This paper also reports the results of the survey concerning the desired features for risk management tool (RMT). In addition, a comparison with other RM process model is also included. Requirements were gathered from domain experts and were analyzed. Based on the results, the authors proposed, designed and developed the tool to automate the Boehm's RM process.


Generalizes the conclusion of H?lder theorem. Making use of some conceptions and theorems of automorphism group and perfect group, obtains a relevant conclusion which is very close to the H?lder theorem without exception.


William Smellie (1697–1763) was unquestionably the most influential man-midwife, or specialist obstetrician, in Britain during the eighteenth century. His early years in Lanark and Glasgow were spent training as a medical apprentice and, from 1720, working as a local general practitioner. But in 1739 he left Scotland for London where he established an extensive midwifery practice, both for booked and consulting cases. He also began to give separate courses of lectures on midwifery to men (mainly physicians and surgeons) and women (midwives), which combined theoretical instruction (including the use of anatomical models) and practical instruction at the delivery of volunteers. Smellie received an MD from the University of Glasgow in 1745, and in 1759 he retired back to Lanark. He has been called "the master of British midwifery" and "the father of scientific obstetrics".1 However, it is by his several publications that he is best known and through which he reached a wide national and international audience. His reputation as an author was doubtless enhanced by the editorial work of his friend the novelist, Tobias Smollett. Smellie's principal publications are as follows:

A treatise on the theory and practice of midwifery, London, printed for D Wilson, first edition 1751 dated 1752 (volume I).

A collection of cases and observations in midwifery. By William Smellie MD, To illustrate his former treatise, or first volume, on that subject, London, printed for D Wilson and T Durham, first edition 1754 (volume II).

A collection of preternatural cases and observations in midwifery, completing the design of illustrating his first volume on that subject, London, printed for D Wilson and T Durham, first edition 1764 (volume III).

A sett of anatomical tables, with explanations, and an abridgement of the practice of midwifery; with a view to illustrate a treatise on that subject, and collection of cases, London, believed to be printed by subscription for D Wilson and T Durham, first edition 1754 (volume IV).

Fortunately, the first three volumes were reprinted in 1876, 1877 and 1878 in an annotated edition by the distinguished obstetrician, Dr Alfred H McClintock.2

Volumes II and III contain notes on 531 cases, which McClintock numbered. Most of these relate to pregnant women attended personally by Smellie, accompanied on occasions by his students, but there were some cases contributed by former students and authorities selected by the author. These case notes provide a wealth of information on the ways in which women were treated before, during and after delivery, how labours were conducted (including the use of instruments), and the distinctions between men- and women-midwives. They also contain medical prescriptions intended to resolve the various complications of labour: constipation, pain and sleeplessness, included. In writing his prescriptions, Smellie used a form of abbreviated Latin conventional among pharmacists until the middle of the twentieth century. However, he was not consistent in the way he abbreviated and occasionally he used the prescriptions supplied by other doctors who were also inconsistent.3 Some of the most commonly used symbols and conventions are listed below.

recipe, take thou

gr., Gr. granum, a grain

scrupulus, a scruple, 20 grains

drachma, a drachm, 3 scruples, 60 grains

uncia, an ounce troy, 8 drachms, 480 grains, or fluiduncia, a fluid ounce

libra, a pound (apothecaries' or troy weight), 12 ounces (1 pound troy is 12 ounces and 5760 grains, 1 ounce troy is 31.1035 grams)

gut., gutt., Gt., Gtt. gutta, a drop, approximately one minim

O octarius, a pint

ā (or āā), ana, of each (implies that the subsequent quantity is to be taken of each of the preceding ingredients)

ss. or SS. semis, a half

M misce, mix

There is also a strict grammar and layout for prescriptions which were standardized during the nineteenth century, but which Smellie (or his printers) did not follow in the 1750s. For example, each item in the prescription should be written on a separate line with the specified quantity at the end, and the final line of the prescription providing instructions to the patient on dosage (sometimes in English, but commonly also in abbreviated Latin).4 Smellie's principal reference work was The dispensatory of the Royal College of Physicians in Edinburgh, 1727 (abbreviated to ED). But he would also have had access to The dispensatory of the Royal College of Physicians in London, 1721 (abbreviated to LD), and Dr Radcliffe's practical dispensatory, 1730 (abbreviated to RD). Dr William Lewis's The new dispensatory, 1770 (abbreviated to ND), also used here, has the advantage of combining material from the pharmacopoeias of both the Edinburgh and London Colleges of Physicians.5

About thirty of the case notes contain at least one full, or nearly full, prescription and some (notably 481 from Mr Ayer) contain several in great detail. These prescriptions are important for a number of reasons. First, and most obviously, they show what medicines were commonly available during the 1730s, 1740s and 1750s since nearly all case notes were dated. They tell us about quantities and dosages, and the balance between chemical medicines that could be bought pre-prepared and simples (herbal medicines) that the apothecary would have to make up.6 Secondly, because the prescriptions form parts of case notes we may, in certain circumstances, make judgements on the effectiveness of the treatments and the ways in which Smellie managed his patients. For example, medicines were often prescribed in combination with other forms of treatment, such as blood-letting (venesection) and the use of leeches; recommendations on diet, rest or exercise; and the use of surgical procedures. Their context makes these particular prescriptions far more valuable than those to be found in the published collections or even those compiled by individual pharmacists.7 Thirdly, Smellie was dealing with a specialist area of medical practice—obstetrics, gynaecology and paediatrics. His case notes were not only focused on a limited number of problems, hence they included great detail on subtle variations in circumstances, but they were also linked to a textbook (volume I) and a set of anatomical drawings to illustrate foetal development and potential delivery complications (volume IV). The prescriptions had their place in a remarkably comprehensive instruction manual, one that summarized the most up-to-date knowledge, and Smellie's guide to good practice. However, it is also important to remember that these were the very early days of pharmacology; trial and error was the only method, herbs and potions the usual resort, and scientifically-based therapeutics two hundred years away.8

Among the thirty cases with prescriptions there are some obvious clusters in terms of the problems being addressed, but there is also a certain amount of repetition, and in many instances the patient is experiencing more than one difficulty requiring multiple solutions. I focus mainly on conditions and complaints in order to examine Smellie's response, including his prescribing strategy.9 Eight groups of case types are defined: abortion or miscarriage; stillbirth; death of mother; tedious labour; infant live born and mother surviving; constipation; advantages and disadvantages of opium use; and paediatric cases.10


cytogenetic study of experimental introgression from N . plumbaginifolia (pbg) into N . tabacum (tbc) pursued laboratory several In the hybrid derivatives it was observed that genically controlled pollen abortion was associated with the addition of a pbg chromosome to the tbc complement. This chromosome also carried the locus (Bs) determining resistance or probably immunity to black shank, a serious disease of commercial tobacco caused by Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae. (For description see CLAYTON and AICAIVR-TRY 1950). Paradoxically, it developed that the pbg chromosome under study produced its effect on gametophytes in which it was not present. Thus, the male gametophytes containing a complete set of 24 tbc chromosomes degenerate while most of the functional pollen had the constitution 24 tbc + 1 pbg. This paper presents a description of the genetic aspects of the problem with some suggestions as to the possible method of action of the locus involved. Certain other phases of the larger investigation will be mentioned but only as they apply to the pollen lethal condition. The investigation was initiated by the late PROF. R. E. CLAUSEN who participated actively in the work presented here.


AbstractThe Young's modulus of concrete is an important mechanical parameter for assessing the stiffness of concrete structures. The objective of this paper is to present an analytical method for evaluating the Young's modulus of concrete with spheroidal aggregates. In this method, the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between aggregates and the bulk cement paste is treated as an independent phase. To reduce mathematical complexity, the three-phase concrete is decomposed into two two-phase composite materials and modeled through a two-step procedure. After the validity of the analytical method is verified with three sets of experimental data, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify various factors that affect the Young's modulus of concrete. The numerical results show that the Young's modulus of concrete increases with the increase of the maximum size and aspect ratio of aggregate but decreases by increasing the ITZ thickness. It is also shown that the aggregate gradation influences the Young's mo...


In this work we analyse the evolution of fanfictions related to four of the most popular current fandom series: Harry Potter, Twilight, The Hunger Games and Divergent. This is a descriptive investigation wherein the temporal evolution of fanfic production is studied. The research focuses mainly on the relationship between the periods of greatest creative fanfiction activity and the publishing of the different books of the respective series, their transmedia expansion and film adaptations, among others. The study has allowed us to observe that these fan communities are generally ephemeral, although strongly united by ties of affinity, as well as being creative and active. The results obtained suggest that these vernacular literary practices are the source not only of motivation, but also of a formative process of reading and writing that can be planned and developed in formal learning contexts


After hydrolyzed by prozyme,the hydrolyzate was concentrated by double concentrator,the conditions for the first concentrator were as follows:vacuum degree-0.06~-0.07MPa,evaporation temperature 65~70℃;and the conditions for the second concentrator were as follows:vacuum degree-0.088~-0.094MPa,evaporation temperature 45~52℃,then the concentrated milk was spray dried at the concentration of 21°Be.The protein and peptide in the end product were 36.20% and 3.10% respectively,and it had a good flavor,all met the required standards of the product specification.


That opera is in a perpetual state of crisis, especially in the German-speaking countries, is the point of departure of both the books under review here. That this crisis manifests itself both economically and artistically seems to be a necessary rhetorical flourish with which to begin most investigations of this "impossible art" (to cite the title of the essay collection by Knauer and Krause). From a non-German perspective it may come as a surprise to learn that even in the best funded theater system in the world, where total state and municipal subventions for the arts exceed E8 billion, the "coffers are empty." The artistic crisis is, of course, more familiar, and perceptions of operagoers diverge wildly between the advocates of Regietheater [director's theater] and denigrators of "eurotrash," an alternative designation for the same phenomenon. Both books try to establish with differing emphases and levels of scholarship a connection between the socioeconomic place of opera and its aesthetic implications. The overriding question seems to be: how far can "advanced" directorial concepts be pushed without alienating the public that supports the art form of opera itself—even in the generously supported German system? The volume edited by Bettina Knauer and Peter Krause is the by-product of a symposium organized by the Hamburg Hochschule für Musik und Theater in 2003 to celebrate the thirtieth anniversary of the degree program in opera directing [Musiktheater-Regie] offered there. The course, founded in 1973 by Götz Friedrich, has produced a large number of important figures in German opera, such as Kirsten Harms, the current artistic director of the Deutsche Oper in Berlin, and Stefan Herheim, whose recent productions at Salzburg and Bayreuth have made him one of the hottest properties in international opera production.


Disclosed is a system of sound generating units for generating musical sounds according to a sequential order in electronic musical instruments such as instruments comprising a keyboard, an electronic drum apparatus, a rhythm machine or an automatic performing or accompanying apparatus. Consecutive note-on messages are processed to identify musical tones generated by the same notes, whereafter the same tones are superposed. This enables a well balanced generation of sounds between the sound generating units as the units generate sounds in a circulative sequence in response to performance controlling messages that are received by the units, according to a preferential order. The system of the present invention further provides a good reproduction of volume changes in composite musical tones, which changes are due to attenuation caused by a new note-on message that alters the volume of a musical tone as such tone is generated in response to a previous note-on message.


Rheumatology has really come of age if two of the first four volumes in this series are devoted to topics germane to this discipline. A previous volume on Sjogren syndrome provided an excellent review of that subject; this current book is less comprehensive, perhaps offering testimony that recent investigations into this complex disease have made it impossible to summarize all pertinent information in 253 pages. Those sections devoted to basic mechanisms, especially as they pertain to aspects of immunity, are erudite and provocative. There are few writings extant that so clearly explain the current observations and theories regarding T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and their role in pathogenesis. Throughout, in fact, the book is an immunologist's delight. Basic biochemical aspects are less comprehensively handled, although in sufficient detail to mirror the contemporary viewpoint, but biomechanical aspects are notably absent. In the section on pathology, molecular biology supersedes histology. Clinical descriptions


This study investigates the user experience in cloud-based environments. As a result of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)restrictions, we were not able to execute the experiments as initially planned and hence this study is being presented as a pilot experiment that can be used as a prototype in future research. The aim of these experiments is to find a metric that can be used in estimating the performance of remote desktop systems. This study mainly focuses on latency, within and across networks, as the primary factor in the remote-desktop user experience. © 2002 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.