This paper adopts the idea of nearest neighbor and proposes a new approach called fast intuitive clustering approach (FICA). Besides, FICA also adds the concept of data compression to lower the operating times and coordinates with parameters to reach global search. A series of experiments have been conducted on FICA and other clustering algorithms, like K-means and DBSCAN. According to the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed FICA clustering algorithm outperforms K-means and DBSCAN. FICA can not only to perform good efficiency and correctness but also be applied in large number of data sets. Finally, the proposed FICA is applied in face recognition problem.


This paper proposes a planning management framework dedicated to dynamic systems. It deals with intentional BDI agents in aim to maximize the satisfaction of their intentions taking into account the spatio-temporal context. The search for the optimal solution is based on an original and formal structure called Contextual Planning System (CPS). The CPS handles the satisfaction of concurrent plans associated with intentions. It looks for efficient guidance to improve the satisfaction of the agent's intentions with respect to its current context. Our paper goes on to show how to take advantage of context aware information representing spatio-temporal data related to the past-experience of action plan executions. Our objective is to improve the CPS mechanism by the use of reinforcement learning strategy. A prototype tool associated with automatic generation of experiences validates our approach on a significant number of experiences.


New government regulations on gasoline quality are making gasoline blending an increasingly important aspect of refining. The Environmental Protection Agency volatility regulations that establish maximum summertime commercial gasoline volatility levels provide that gasoline Reid Vapor Pressor starting in 1989 may not exceed 10.5, or 9.0 psi. Additionally, beginning in 1992, it may not exceed either 9.0 or 7.8 psi, depending on the area of the country and the month. This article discusses the on-line analysis of gas blending to minimize the volatile organic compounds released to the air.


Proteomics has a wide range of applications, including determination of differences in the proteome in terms of expression and post‐translational protein modifications. Redox proteomics allows the identification of specific targets of protein oxidation in a biological sample. Using proteomic techniques, apolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I) has been found at decreased levels in subjects with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and Down syndrome (DS) with gout subjects. ApoA‐I plays roles in cholesterol transport and regulation of inflammation. Redox proteomics further showed ApoA‐I to be highly oxidatively modified and particularly susceptible to modification by 4‐hydroxy‐2‐trans‐nonenal (HNE), a lipid peroxidation product. In the current review, we discuss the consequences of oxidation of ApoA‐I in terms of neurodegeneration. ROS‐associated chemotherapy related ApoA‐I oxidation leads to elevation of peripheral levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) that can cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) causing a signaling cascade that can contribute to neuronal death, likely a contributor to what patients refer to as "chemobrain." Current evidence suggests ApoA‐I to be a promising diagnostic marker as well as a potential target for therapeutic strategies in these neurodegenerative disorders.


We present findings from a survey of 304 criminal justice and criminology baccalaureate programs on academic advising. We collected information on the organization, philosophy and practices of undergraduate advising. Most campuses assign students to faculty advisors in their major department. More than four-fifths described the advising philosophy on their campus as intrusive, meaning that students are required or encouraged to seek academic advising. Advising about degree requirements and course selection were reported as the most important and most time-consuming aspects of advising. Respondents were highly satisfied with academic advising in their department. We discuss implications and offer suggestions.


ABSTRACT For a continuous random variable X with support equal to (a, b), with c.d.f. F, and g: Ω1 → Ω2 a continuous, strictly increasing function, such that Ω1∩Ω2⊇(a, b), but otherwise arbitrary, we establish that the random variables F(X) − F(g(X)) and F(g− 1(X)) − F(X) have the same distribution. Further developments, accompanied by illustrations and observations, address as well the equidistribution identity U − ψ(U) = dψ− 1(U) − U for U ∼ U(0, 1), where ψ is a continuous, strictly increasing and onto function, but otherwise arbitrary. Finally, we expand on applications with connections to variance reduction techniques, the discrepancy between distributions, and a risk identity in predictive density estimation.


Although a satellite laser altimetry Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) can directly measure ground elevation, the measurement accuracy of ground elevation is generally limited over mountainous vegetated areas. Currently, most methods for ground elevation estimations that use GLAS data fail to obtain an accurate ground elevation in sloped areas. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) based method for better estimating ground elevation from GLAS data over mountainous vegetated areas. First, the CWT was applied to each GLAS waveform for peak detection. Second, all potential ground peaks were correctly identified using GLAS waveform parameters in conjunction with auxiliary digital elevation model data. Third, the true ground peak was determined from CWT results according to several strict rules, and then the ground elevation was calculated based on the position of the true ground peak. Finally, these ground elevation estimates were validated by the digital terrain model derived from airborne discrete-return LiDAR data in Genhe in the Neimeng province of China. Additionally, the CWT-based method was also compared with previous methods, which estimate ground elevation from GLAS data over mountainous vegetated areas based on a Gaussian decomposition. It was found that our CWT-based method can reduce the root-mean-square error of ground elevation estimates by up to 0.8 m. Overall, this study can provide an available solution for estimating ground elevation from large-footprint waveform LiDAR data over mountainous vegetated areas.


The present work attempts to elucidate in detail the sorption properties of poly (acrylonitrile)/ poly (acrylamide) blends at low vapor pressures. The adsorption was measured with a volumetric water sorption apparatus similar to those widely used for surface area measurements. The results were compared with our previous results obtained by the weighing bottle method. It was found that the vacuum apparatus provided higher precision than the classical weighing bottle method, even under a relative vapor pressure, 0.1. The results obtained on the blends were compared with those on an acrylonitrile/acrylamide copolymer sample.The sorption capacity of the blends was less than that of the copolymer at a relative vapor pressure, 0.2. This was attributed to the existence of strong hydrogen bond interactions between the amide groups in the blends. However, above a pressure, 0.3, the hydrogen bonds seemed to be no longer operative, probably due to the formation of the monolayer of adsorbed water. The total uptake of water by the blends could be taken as the sum of the individual uptakes of the blend components. This exact same behaviour was found at all pressures for the copolymer, the total uptake was the result of the linear additivity of the uptakes of the components.


Bisphosphonates (BPs) are the most widely used drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis but prolonged use of BPs might increase the risk of atypical femur fracture (AFF). There are only a few studies that address the bone material quality in patients on long‐term BP treatment with or without AFFs. We analyzed 52 trans‐iliac bone biopsies from patients on long‐term BP therapy with (n = 26) and without (n = 26) AFF. At the microscopic level, the degree of mineralization of bone (DMB) was assessed on whole bone by X‐ray digitized microradiography while microhardness by Vickers microindentation, and bone matrix characteristics by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) (mineral/organic ratio, mineral maturity and crystallinity, and collagen maturity) were measured at random focal areas. The AFF patients were treated longer than non‐AFF patients (9.7 ± 3.3 years versus 7.9 ± 2.7 years). As expected, bone remodeling was low in both groups, without difference between them. The AFF group had significantly higher DMB in cortical bone (+2.9%, p = .001), which remained so after adjusting for treatment duration (p = .007), and showed a trend in cancellous bone (+1.6%, p = .05). Consistent with higher DMB, heterogeneity index (HI) was lower in the AFF than in the non‐AFF group, illustrating lower heterogeneity of mineralization in the AFF group. A significant positive correlation between the duration of treatment and DMB in cortical bone was found in AFF, and not in the non‐AFF group. Microhardness and bone matrix characteristics were similar between groups. We conclude that the AFF group had a duration‐dependent increase in DMB leading to a significantly higher DMB than the non‐AFF. Because BPs have high affinity to bone mineral and lining the walls of the osteocyte lacunae, the accumulation of matrix‐bound BPs in AFF could lead to inhibition of the osteocyte cytoskeleton blunting their response to mechanical strains, a hypothesis to be further investigated. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).


Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) suffers from different malware attacks. Several traditional approaches are proposed for detecting fault nodes in WSN. It is necessary to redistribute the nodes and detect the fault nodes while modifying the WSN parameters. Faults can occur in the nodes interrupting the continuous communication process of the nodes in the WSN. The main reason for a fault is also the induction of the energy drain in a node to the maximum possible level, failure of links in communicating nodes due to bandwidth constraints, and attacks induced by the malicious nodes. To solve this problems, Extended Finite State Machine based Fault Tolerance (EFSM_FT) in the WSN is used to detect the fault sensor nodes in the WSN. In this approach, called the finite state machine (FSM), state prompted is modified while a set of situations are true. Every node can be absolutely to be faulty or not establishing on the sensor node states. Using sensor energy, drop rate, forward sensor rate, sensor obtained rate, bandwidth, and transmission delay, this method finds the node with the fault. As a result, this approach accurately detects the faulty nodes in the WSN. The simulation outcomes illustrate the proposed method has a better fault detection ratio and minimizes the false negative ratio in the WSN.


The present study was conducted in the city of Mysore to analyze the perceptions of the common man about foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retailing (MBR). The review of literature evinced the fact that a number of studies have been conducted in the area of FDI in general, and its impact on single brand retail, in particular. There are only a few studies that are available on the impact of FDI in multi brand retailing in India. The major objectives of this study are: (i) to know the perceptions of the common man about FDI in multi-brand retail in India (as the common man's perceptions on the said topic have been less explored); and (ii) to know the differences in their perceptions. The data required for this study was collected both from primary and secondary sources. Using convenience sampling method, 100 persons were considered as the respondents for the present study. The differences in their perceptions have been analyzed using SPSS to draw meaningful conclusions. The respondents were of the opinion that the impact will be felt on an increase in the general price level supported by an increase in the prices of food products, land, and organized real estate stock prices. However, the respondents were of the opinion that the impact of allowing FDI in MBR will be favorable for the Government and for the producers. To conclude, future studies conducted at the micro level would help policymakers to understand the problems and frame guidelines addressing the critical issues with the major aim of benefiting the society.


In order to understand the diffusion of group III ad-atoms (Al, Ga, In) on non-polar gallium nitrides surface, the first-principles calculations were performed using the Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) method. Our calculation results reveal that diffusion barriers of Aluminum ad-atom on non-polar gallium nitride surface is anisotropy, while the diffusion barriers of Gallium and Indium ad-atoms are isotropic.


what professional advances have made the strongest impression on me over the years. As a general practitioner and community medicine researcher, I would maintain that the 2004 amendment to Act No. 14 of 9 March 1973 relating to Prevention of the Harmful Effects of Tobacco (the Smoking Act) (1) has been the most significant measure for promoting public health. I hope this is reflected in my review of the biography of Sir Richard Doll (1912 – 2005) (2). In it I pointed out the sin of omission committed by the Royal Swedish Academy of Science in persistently passing over the most pre-eminent epidemiologist of the twentieth century when awarding the Nobel Prize. Doll's central research was associated with a long-term prospective study of the smoking habits of English medical practitioners (3). It revealed that cigarettes had the greatest impact on health, but that neither cigars nor pipe tobacco were blameless. The health risk was attributable to the use of tobacco; and only the degree and extent of exposure to nicotine via the respiratory tract differed.


Social interaction is individual problem which caused limitation, including to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) who have obstruction in language skill, that the individual can communicate expressively and receptively. This research was aimed to identify the effects of language skill to the improvement of social interaction on children with ASD by using flashcard. Moreover, this research was an experimental research with random pretest posttest design. The subjects in this research were taken from 6 kindergarten students in 7-8 years old who have diagnosed as autism, particularly they were able to do babbling. The instrument of research was ATEC (Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist) on social sub-test and language skill scale by Massey. The data analysis employed non-parametric method through Mann Whitney test, Wilcoxon test, and Kendall's tau-b test. The analysis result from Kendall's tau-b showed Z= 0.654 and p value= 0.024


Abstract : The laser characteristics of waveguide sample manufactured by World Laboratory Co., Ltd. were evaluated. Maximum output of 120 W was obtained from approximately 264 W of absorbed power. Greater than 50% slope efficiency was achieved--the target of in this effort--without cracking the sample. However, in the region with 264 W or more absorbed power, saturation of the output power occurred. The saturation of this output is thought to be caused by a thermal cooling factor. To obtain higher output power, introducing a high-power sample cooling system is indispensable. Oscillation experiments of still-higher output are planned for a follow-on series of experiments.


The performance of reflecting optical telescopes located on the surface of the earth are subject to distortions due to the force of gravity on the mirror and the turbulence of the atmosphere on the light path. Reflective optics are also planned for use in high-powered laser systems, where the intensity of the light itself is capable of producing distortions in the air within the instrument, thereby affecting the shape of the focused wavefront. A solution proposed by optical designers is the use of adaptive optics: an optical system in which the figure of the mirror is deformable to the extent necessary to correct for the distortions mentioned. An adaptive optical system uses a feedback loop concept, in which the distortions of the optical wavefront are measured, the necessary corrections are computed, and a set of actuators is moved to provide those corrections. The calculation of the corrections is computationally intense. Specifically, the measurement of the distortions provides a collection of phase differences between measuring points corresponding to the actuator positions. This set of phase differences is larger than the number of actuators, leading to an overdetermined problem. As physical systems have some amount of noise present, the technique of least-squares solution serves both to provide the best choice of actuator positions for this overdetermined problem and to suppress the noise in the measurements. The necessary algorithms for solving the computation portion of the adaptive optics problem consist of a matrix generator to derive the computational representation of the physical system, a matrix inversion routine, and a high-speed least-squares solver. In the optical astronomy paradigm, the computational requirement is for a small number of adjustments per second, due to the rate of atmospheric turbulence. For the laser system, with more stringent requirements, we demonstrate an improvement of 11 2 orders of magnitude, made possible only through the use of supercomputer methods. Extrapolation of these results indicates that even greater acceleration is possible if the interprocessor communication is minimized; in other words, supercomputer designers have not yet solved the problem of making interprocessor communication as efficient as that within processors (or, in the present case, between processors on a single chip).


Items on four course changes made in response to students' evaluations of a course on interviewing were rated higher by the 3 succeeding classes of students, indicating changes improved the students' perceptions of the course.


Sutton has updated his popular work to incorporate the most significant legislative amendments and case law developments. Progiding comprehensive treatment of the principles of law relating to insurance in Australia, the text covers contractual issues, the insurance policy, premiums and payment of claims, and more.


The benefits to learning afforded by observation have been attributed to the extraction of strategic information. However, researchers have shown evidence that the motor system becomes active during observation, suggesting a more implicit type of learning. We sought to examine what information people pick up from watching and how this information informs their perception of motor competence. In a previous experiment, observers believed they were learning from watching a 2-ball juggling action, as reflected by increasing confidence judgements. However, we did not test a control group that never observed the skill. Testing this group would allow us to make conclusions about the efficacy of observation for this skill. Therefore, we report comparison data from two new groups. A Control and Observation group (n=7/group) who watched and reported on perceived ability for 50 trials. The two groups did not differ in immediate retention although the observers were more accurate in delayed retention. Observers confidence increased in a linear fashion while watching (n=5/7). There was also evidence that observers were more likely to adopt the strategy of the model. Consistent with previous work, these data show that observers think they are learning from watching despite only performing better than controls in delayed retention. Further, perceived observational learning appears more linear rather than all-or-none and seems to be driven by acquisition of strategic knowledge. Acknowledgments: This research is supported by NSERC (Hodges)


Multiprotocol over ATM (MPOA), IP switching and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) have distinctly different mechanisms for cut-through packet forwarding. MPOA and IP switching use flow-based cut-through (FBC) forwarding while MPLS uses routing table linked cut-through forwarding (TLC). This paper examines the sensitivity of each these cut-through forwarding mechanisms to changes in underlying routing tables. We examine a scenario where a congestion-sensitive dynamic routing protocol, such as OSPF optimised multipath, leads to frequently changing routing tables. We show that FBC forwarding reacts significantly worse than flow length distributions predict, taking up to 1200 seconds to react to route changes and forward at least 50% of packets on the new route. Flow characteristics are examined to determine ways to improve FBC sensitivity. We show that implementing a maximum flow length of 200 seconds improves the response to route changes significantly with a minimal decrease in the number of switched packets (1.5%).


Describes an integrated approach to design and fabricate scaffold/cell constructs for tissue engineering. With this approach it becomes possible to produce scaffolds with controlled distribution of living cells and growth factors, a critical condition for successful grafting. Our idea consists of building a scaffold/cell construct by robotic micro-assembly of microscopic polymer building blocks. The paper introduces the rationale and concept of this interdisciplinary project and presents some realized steps. A 3D contact FEM simulation has been carried out to study the forces involved on the scaffold elements and micro-gripper during assembly. An error analysis has been performed to evaluate the accumulated error when building a scaffold/cell construct. A dedicated monolithic shape memory alloy micro-gripper has been realized and tested, which is able to handle parts in the range of 50-100 microns.


The invention relates to a taiwanofungus camphorates culture medium. The culture medium is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 5-10 percent of a nutrient solution extracted from camphoratus, 0.1-30 percent of glucose, 1-5 percent of peptone, 2-5 percent of yeast powder, 12-25 percent of inorganic salt, 2.5-5.8 percent of corn steep liquor, 18-32 percent of rice meal and the balance of water. The method for culturing taiwanofungus camphorates by adopting the culture medium comprises the following steps: selecting a small amount of mycelium preserved on a test tube slant culture medium by using an inoculating needle, and inoculating to a PDA plating medium for strain activating; and inoculating the activated strain into the culture medium, and culturing under lighting to obtain a taiwanofungus camphorates mycelium primordium. When taiwanofungus camphorates is cultured by adopting the culture medium, and the cultured taiwanofungtus camphorates mycelium can generate most varieties of substances, the generated substances are remarkably superior to those of mycelium cultured under a dark condition. The culture medium has low culture cost, and is advantageous to large-scale industrial production.


Introduced feral cat (Felis catus) populations are an important threat to many island vertebrate populations and to bird species in particular. Elimination of feral cat populations is desirable in most of these ecosystems. Release of a parasite species in these mostly immune-naive populations is thought to be an efficient eradication measure. Such an approach is theoretically investigated here, using a mathematical model that describes the effects of introducing a virus into the cat population on population dynamics of both the cat and its prey. We studied the effects of two types of introduced feline viruses: Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus, both of which are good candidates for eradicating a cat population. Results show that eradication is possible with Feline Leukemia Virus, if natural immunity is sufficiently low. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus cannot fully eradicate cat populations, but can be an effective agent for long-term control of cat populations on islands where total cat eradication is not possible (e.g., there is a high likelihood of continued introduction of cats) or not desirable (e.g., when rats are present). Culling, which by itself would require a very prolonged and logistically demanding effort to eliminate cat populations, may be more efficient when applied simultaneously with virus introduction.


Simultaneous microprofiling of semiconductor free carrier, donor, and acceptor concentrations was achieved for the first time from the absolute value of the free carrier absorption coefficient and its wavelength dependence determined by ir absorption in a scanning mode. Employing Ge‐ and Si‐doped melt‐grown GaAs, striking differences were found between the variations of electron concentration and those of ionized impurity concentrations. These results showed clearly that the electronic characteristics of this material are controlled by amphoteric doping and deviations from stoichiometry rather than by impurity segregation.


Uncertain factors such as environmental noise and light source fluctuation will cause the loss of important features of the detection object, which will interfere with the detection and reconstruction accuracy. Therefore, accurate extraction of groove information is the key to ensure the quality of subsequent processes when detection technology is applied to steel structure grooves in ships, buildings, transportation and other fields. This paper designs a complex shaped detection and reconstruction algorithm based on linear structured light. This algorithm performs the visually assisted localization of the ROI area of the welding groove in a complex environment, and completes the extraction of the characteristic area of the welding groove and the interpolation of missing parts based on the slope method. According to the obtained information, the digital modeling analysis of each groove section feature is carried out, and the 3D model is reconstructed based on the feature information fitting. The extraction of geometric characteristics of single V-groove and the reconstruction of the 3D model are realized, and the effectiveness of the extracted geometric characteristics is verified. On this basis, the subsequent welding is completed well, which verifies that the algorithm can effectively reduce the influence of the lack of groove characteristics caused by uncertain factors.


Background-Chronic bronchitis and emphysemaarenow recognised complications ofoccupational exposure tocoal dust,andsince1992compensation has beenavailable forminerswithimpaired lungfunction provided thattheyalsohave x rayfilmevidence ofpneumoconiosis. However,manyminerswithheavyexposuretocoaldustandimpairment oflung function therefore donotqualify forcompensation becausetheydo not have simplepneumoconiosis. Inthepresent studyattempts weremade todetermine whethercoalminingisan independent riskfactor forimpairment oflungfunctionina groupofNottinghamshire miners with no evidenceof simple pneumoconiosis, bycomparing these men witha groupoflocal controls whowere notoccupationally exposed.


The title compound, {[Na(C8H4NO6)(H2O)3].H2O}n, forms polymeric chains by way of edge-sharing via pairs of water molecules between NaO(H2O)5 octahedra. The chains are crosslinked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in a three-dimensional network.


Parliamentary committees - changing perspectives on changing institutions, Lawrence D. Longley, Roger H. Davidson parliamentary committees in European democracies, Kaare Strom Norwegian parliamentary committees - performance, structural change and external relations, Hilmar Rommetvedt changing parliamentary committees in changing east-central Europe - parliamentary committees as central sites of policy making, Attila Agh committees in the post-Communist Polish Sejm - structure, activity and members, David M. Olson et al US congressional committees - changing legislative workshops, Colton C. Campbell, Roger H. Davidson nascent institutionalisation - committees in the British Parliament, Philip Norton political reform and the committee system in Israel - structural and functional adaptation, Reuven Y. Hazan committees in the Russian State Duma - continuity and change in comparative perspective, Moshe Haspel the organisation and workings of committees in the Korean National Assembly, Chan Wook Park parliamentary committees - a global perspective, Malcolm Shaw.


Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide further insights into understanding the finance-growth nexus by verifying the hypothesis that financial development promotes economic growth through its capacity to attract increased international migrant remittances to Ghana. Design/methodology/approach - A dynamic equilibrium-correction mechanism model for the period 1987(3)-2007(4) was estimated following the Johansen cointegration procedure. This approach produced maximum likelihood estimators of the unconstrained cointegrating vector, and suggested the number of cointegrating vectors without relying on an arbitrary normalization. Findings - The findings reveal two stylized facts with reference to Ghana. First, although financial development Granger-causes international migrant remittance inflows, it is in itself directly detrimental to endogenous growth. Second, international migrant remittance inflows are statistically significant in explaining variations in endogenous growth in the short run as well as in the long run. Practical implications - Since directly, financial development hampers endogenous growth, but Granger-causes increased inflows of migrant remittances, and these remittances impact positively but marginally on endogenous growth, it follows that the sequencing of implementing Ghana's financial reform programmes should be re-examined, whilst an enabling environment is created to induce Ghanaians living abroad to remit home through official channels. Originality/value - International migrant remittances were found to be statistically significant in promoting endogenous growth, albeit marginally. Financial development does not directly engender growth, unless it succeeds in attracting non-debt foreign capital in the form of remittances through the formal sector. Financial development causes migrant remittance inflows which impact positively on growth.


Health care that is safe, effective, timely, efficient and patient-centred relies on the right information reaching the right person (or organisation) at the right time. A digitalised information infrastructure that ensures timely and reliable sharing of clinical and other information can improve health outcomes and efficiency, and also create a repository of valuable data for researchers and system managers (OECD, 2017). Enabling people to access, and interact with, their electronic medical record (EMR) is an important feature that can help people become more involved in their health and their care.


Metal contacts (Schottky or Ohmic) to p‐type wide band gap (WBG) semiconductors SiC and GaN are important for power devices technologies. This work reports on the properties of Ti/Al‐based contacts to p‐type 4H‐SiC and p‐type GaN, monitored using different techniques and test‐patterns. In particular, in the case of p‐type SiC, Ti/Al and Ti/Al/W contacts showed a superior Ohmic behavior after annealing at 900–1100 °C (with ρc ≈ 1.5–6 × 10−4 Ωcm2), attributed to the formation of Ti‐ and Al‐containing phases at the interface and in the stack. Due to the lower ρc with respect to Ni‐based contacts, Ti/Al allowed a reduction of the forward voltage drop in 4H‐SiC p–n junctions. On the other hand, in the case of p‐type GaN, Ti/Al contacts exhibited a higher barrier height (2.08 eV) with respect to Ni contacts. Hence, they can be promising as Schottky gates in high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). However, temperature‐dependent electrical measurements revealed a decrease of the barrier height down to 1.60 eV upon annealing at 800 °C, with an increase of the leakage current in test‐diodes. This result provided an important indication for the practical use of Ti/Al gate electrodes for the fabrication of normally off HEMTs with a p‐GaN gate.


This chapter first provides an overview with examples of what neural networks (NN), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI) are and their applications in biomedical and business situations. The characteristics of 29 types of neural networks are provided including their distinctive graphical illustrations. A survey of current open-source software (OSS) for neural networks, neural network software available for free trail download for limited time use, and open-source software (OSS) for machine learning (ML) are provided. Characteristics of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for machine learning available as open source are discussed. Illustrations of applications of neural networks, machine learning, and artificial intelligence are presented as used in the daily operations of a large internationally-based software company for optimal configuration of their Helix Data Capacity system.


By analyzing the factors which have impact on how the hospital arrange its sickbeds, this paper gives a evaluation index system about arranging the sickbeds and a evaluation model that based on the overall satisfaction of the patients and the hospital. From the perspective of patients, we consider their time, cost and the therapeutic effect, while from the viewpoint of the hospital, the analysis incorporates its social benefits and economic benefits. In conclusion, we apply the model to solve the problem B of China Undergraduate Mathematical Contest in Modeling in 2009.The work has provided a frame of reference and the improving direction to optimize the allocation of medical resources and strengthen the sickbeds management of hospitals.


Since the early seventies, there have been many results about the Radon-Nikodym derivatives of set-valued measures, but all the results were gained in Banach spaces with RNP. In this paper, we establish the Radon-Nikodym theorems for set-vained measures in Banach spaces without RNP.


Participation in extracurricular activities encourages personal accomplishment and the development of interpersonal skills. For adolescents, these activities offer an opportunity to assume meaningful roles and responsibilities. The sense of efficacy gained from these experiences can be an important protective factor for children growing up under adverse circumstances.


This paper extends Schwarm and Cutler (2003) by incorporating three labor groups while using their methods to source data and provide an organizational framework that allows effective and straightforward creation of social accounting matrices (SAMs) and regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. While CGE models typically describe relatively large geographical areas and are therefore not able to capture the uniqueness of individual cities or towns within the region, our model allows simulations of small cities and towns that highlight regional similarities or differences. The differing effects of both an increase in manufacturing and a change in the sales tax are examined to demonstrate the insights and regional characteristics that such methods allow a researcher to obtain.


This study aimed to detect the level of Self- Disclosure at Irbid university college students and its relationship with some variables, the sample of the study consisted of (343) students were selected randomly. The results of the study show that the level of self- Disclosure in this sample was high. The person who was most targeted in disclosure is the parent, friend, the same sex and then parent respectively, as the results showed that the detection of Self- Disclosure influenced by style of upbringing and was in a democratic style, and it was also influenced by location of housing and came in favor of the city. Keywords: Self- Disclosure, Irbid university college students, psychological stress, Democratic, Dictatorial, Jourard questionnaire


This chapter addresses two issues of Johannine scholarship—the Beloved Disciple and the theme of friendship—and tries to advance them both by discussing the former in terms of the latter. It proposes that the function of the Beloved Disciple was that of being a genuine friend to Jesus and the two of them thus forming a pair of friends. Pairs of friends—Achilles and Patroclus, Orestes and Pylades, and so forth—were a common feature of Greco-Roman discussions of friendship. At the time the gospel was written new pairs of friends were being proposed. Given this trend of proposing new pairs, it seems probable that the author of the Gospel of John was proposing the Beloved Disciple and Jesus as a Christian pair of friends and so intended for them to be ranked among the pairs of friends, old and new, that were such a staple of friendship discussions. Keywords:Beloved Disciple; Greco-Roman friendship; Jesus; Johannine scholarship


In this paper we share experiences from a 2-week game-design project using the introductory programming environment AgentSheets with middle school students (6-8 grades) during a summer computing course at a public middle school in northern California. We examine factors that influence students. desire to continue working with the software, looking at similarities and differences between boys and girls, students with high or low levels of prior experience, and variables which we hypothesize might contribute to continuing motivation. Our findings suggest that programming in the context of game design can be of interest to a broad range of students, not only those who already are engaged in technological activities.


The study on some topics concerning reservoir sedimentation and flow-sediment regulation in the preliminary operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir is presented in this paper.The quantitative expressions of trapping coarse particles and sluicing fine particles and their control conditions have been derived.The percentage of reservoir deposition and ratio of sediment sluiced from the lower reach are closely related and their relation has been demonstrated by both theory and field data.For a certain reservoir the relation is single-valued and it is reliable to connect the reservoir sedimentation and downstream erosion.The important effect of the flow-sediment regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir to the improvement of channel in the lower Yellow River has been analyzed.The expression of second channel-forming discharge and the relation between second channel-forming discharge and the ban-full discharge in the lower Yellow River have been discussed and then the possibility for increasing the channel-forming discharge at present and in the future is demonstrated.Finally it has been shown that it is necessary to change the practical operation mode from reservoir planning.


Dioxins are a class of chemical contaminants that are formed during combustion processes such as herbicide manufacturing, waste incineration, forest fires, and backyard trash burning. The most toxic chemical in the class is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD). Approximately 18 million gallons of Agent Orange were sprayed by US Airforce on southern of Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. About 0.3% of Agent Orange consisted of TCDD. Dioxins have been considered highly toxic and able to cause cancer, reproductive and developmental problems, damage the immune system, and interfere with hormones. In this paper we studied gene variation in some families of dioxin victims of Vietnamese army veterans who have been exposed directly under sprays or carried out missions for at least 2 years in the heavily sprayed regions. Of the first family, we found 21 nucleotide variants in TP53 gene, 13 nucleotide variants in AhR gene. All of theme leading to amino acid change. We also found R554K in ThB4.VT16 and ThB4.VT17. This mutation changes activity for CYP1A1 induction in lymphocytes. In the second family, we identified 29 nucleotide variants in TP53 gene. Although we could not found any variant associated with phenotype of the family members but previous studies have found P295L associated with gastric carcinoma, L299P associated with pancreatic cancer, G279E associated with colorectal carcinoma and cancer of male sex cells. In the third family, we found 22 nucleotide variants in TP53 gene and 9 variants in CYP1B1 gene. For understanding of whole genome sequence variation, whole genome of 3 member of each family has been sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 2000/2500 platform. The whole genome sequence data have started analysing.


Regarding the world-wide environmental issues, the modern architecture has entered a place of technology forming a sustainable architecture. Sustainable systems designed for the buildings have been largely carried out to reduce waste emissions. As most effort is spent on utilizing the natural resources, the resources from building itself have been neglected. In this work, we present a design of sustainable system focusing on the resources from building itself. Spatial arrangement as a key design factor for sustainable buildings is considered in the building design. Using the knowledge of civil and environmental engineering, kitchen waste is mixed with toilet sewage in a special sewerage system connected with a wastewater treatment system. The biogas produced by the wastewater treatment system is designed to be collected and used for power generation. This work may suggest an idea to reduce waste emissions and energy consumption for sustainable buildings towards an advanced green architecture.


Consider a linear regression model y1 = x1β + u1, where the u1'S afe weakly dependent random variables, the x1's are known design nonrandom variables, and β is an unknown parameter. We define an M-estimator βn of) β corresponding to a smooth score function. Then, the second-order Edgeworth expansion for βn is derived. Here we do not assume the normality of (u1), and (u1) includes the usual ARMA processes. Second, we give the second-order Edgeworth expansion for a transformation T(βn) of βn. Then, a sufficient condition for T to extinguish the second-order terms is given. The results are applicable to many statistical problems.


In this paper, preliminary results of the first-in-human clinical investigation with the Wavelia Microwave Breast Imaging (MBI) system prototype are presented. The clinical feasibility of the system, in terms of potential to detect both malignant and benign palpable breast lesions, is illustrated with the MBI results of two patient scans. Some identified technical challenges related to the patient positioning and breast deformation are also discussed.


We investigate the In content in single monolayer (ML)-thick InxGa1-xN quantum wells (QWs) as a function of the growth temperature ranging from 650 °C to 480 °C, stacked in a superlattice (SL). The SLs were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy using high N-flux. For the evaluation of the indium concentrations, scanning transmission electron microscopy high angle annular dark field (STEM-HAADF) studies were combined with local lattice parameter measurements obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The mean In content in the QWs increases from 11% to 23% when the growth temperature decreases from 650 °C to 610 °C. Further decrease in the growth temperature results in a saturation of the mean In content. Our experiments show that a substantial reduction of the growth temperature is not a practical way to obtain pseudomorphically grown InN MLs on GaN(0001). The InGaN QW thickness is limited to 1 ML and is not affected by a change of growth temperature. For two SL structures grown at constant temperatures of 640 °C and 600 °C, increase in the In content in the QWs causes a shift in the peak emission from 382 to 395 nm, as was measured by cathodoluminescence at 7 K. The application of X-ray diffraction studies to analyze the composition of InGaN ML-thick QWs in SLs is discussed.We investigate the In content in single monolayer (ML)-thick InxGa1-xN quantum wells (QWs) as a function of the growth temperature ranging from 650 °C to 480 °C, stacked in a superlattice (SL). The SLs were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy using high N-flux. For the evaluation of the indium concentrations, scanning transmission electron microscopy high angle annular dark field (STEM-HAADF) studies were combined with local lattice parameter measurements obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images. The mean In content in the QWs increases from 11% to 23% when the growth temperature decreases from 650 °C to 610 °C. Further decrease in the growth temperature results in a saturation of the mean In content. Our experiments show that a substantial reduction of the growth temperature is not a practical way to obtain pseudomorphically grown InN MLs on GaN(0001). ...


The heat-resistant limit of structural ceramics is 1273K ~ 1773K, which is greatly superior to that of metallic material. Structural ceramics are a candidate element for high-temperature apparatuses such as gas-turbines and fusion reactors. However, the fracture toughness of ceramics is fairly low compared with metallic material, and the following problems have occurred. (1) Cracks occur by the usual machining process (grinding, polish, etc.), lowering the reliability. In order to prevent this, precise polishing is required in the final stage, which is time-consuming, and there are also problems with fabrication efficiency and fabrication cost (2) Crack sizes of about 10 ~ 30 μm in depth affect the reliability. The nondestructiveinspection technology for detecting cracks of 10 ~ 30 μm is underdeveloped. Therefore, the reliability of major parts is low. (3) There is a possibility that a crack will occur in the components while they are being used at higher temperatures, by whatever cause. When a crack occurs, the reliability is greatly lowered. The options for resolving these problems are as follows. (a) Improve the fracture toughness of the material by such means as microstructure control and fiber reinforcement. (b) Conduct a nondestructive inspection before use, and detect and repair any dangerous cracks found. (c) Conduct a proof test to prevent use of a low reliability member. (d) Induce a selfcrack-healing ability, so that all dangers cracks can be healed. There are world-wide active investigations of options (a) to (c). In this chapter, special attention is paid to method (d), the self–crack-healing ability of structural ceramics. There are three advantages to using a material that can heal surface cracks. (A) If the selfhealing of the surface crack which exists is carried out after an efficient machine operation is performed, then there is a great advantage in fabrication efficiency and fabrication cost. (B) Since all surface cracks are healed, reliability improves greatly. (C) It is advantageous if a crack which occurs while in service can be healed and full recovery of strength achieved. From the above ideas, the self-crack-healing behaviors of ceramics were investigated by Ando and co-worker. Silicon nitride (Ando et al, 1998; Yao et al., 2001), alumina (Takahashi et al., 2003; Ando et al., 2004; Nakao et al., 2005a), and mullite (Chu et al., 1995; Nakao et al., 2006) , SiC (Kim Y.W. et al., 2003; Lee et al., 2005a) and ZrO2 (Houjou et al., 2010), with the self–crack-healing ability have been developed. In the following section, an outline is given of the crack-healing behavior of ceramics.


Childlessness arises from a heterogeneous universe, at one end of which there are childfree people, individuals who have taken a conscious and deli-berate decision against having children, and at the opposite end there are the involuntarily childless, those who would have liked children of their own but, for different reasons, were not able to realize their wish. The latter group prevails in Italy where the proportion of childless women among those born in the 1960s will very likely reach 15%, a percentage which is not however a new low, but rather similar to that of women born in the 1920s and 1930s. Compared to the North European countries, Italian cou-ples do not easily give up having children even if oftentimes they have only one child.


ABSTRACT Among different coronavirus genera, the receptor-binding S1 subunits of their spike proteins differ in primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. This study identified shared structural topologies (connectivity of secondary structural elements) in S1 domains of different coronavirus genera. The results suggest that coronavirus S1 subunits share a common evolutionary origin but have attained diverse sequences and structures following extensive divergent evolution. The results also increase understanding of the structures and functions of coronavirus S1 domains whose tertiary structures are currently unknown.


Sorghun grain is the major feed grain produced in Kansas and its bordering states to the North, South and West. Periodically a large percentage of t}ie crop faj-ls to reach maturity due to frost or drouth. This experi-ment was designed to establish the feeding value of frost stricken immature sorghum grain for finishing lambs. A feedlot and a digestion study were used to evaluate three test weights of sprghura grains (35. ^5. and 53 Ibs./bu.) and two concentrate sroughage ratios (80:20 and 40: 60), In the feedlot study, utilizing 288 finewool wether lambs (hS per lot), lambs on the ifO:60 ration gained significantly (? < .001) faster than those on the 80:20 ration. The light weight sorghum grain (35 Ibs./bu.) also produced significantly (? < .05) faster gains than did the heavy weight sorghum grain (58 Ibs./bu.). Rations were self-fed and iam.bs had free access to s?Jt and ground limestone. Six fistulated vrether lanbs were used in a 6 X 6 Latin square digestion study, DatA were treated by analysis of variance to separate ration, period, and lamb effects and the various interactions. No significant differences were observed in proximate nutrient or energy digestibility due to sorghum grain test weights. Ether extract, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract, total digestible nutrients, and energy were more digestible (P < .001) in the 80:20 ration. Dry matter of this ratio was also more digestible (P < .01). Digestibility of crude protein was higher (P < .05) in the 40:60 ration. Test weight X ration interaction showed significance (P < .05) only in the case of ether extract. Lamb variation was significant (P < ,01) only for crude fiber digestion. A significant week variation was found (P < .05) for dry matter, crude fiber, and NFE digestibility and 1DN. Digestible energy showed a significant (P < .01) week variation, Rurrxen fluid samples were obtained via the fistxila before feeding, and at 30 rain,, and 1, 2, 4, and 8 hours after feeding. Rumen ammonia and pH showed highly significant differences (P < .001) due to tiiae after feeding and the six rations. Acetic, propionic, and butyric acid concentrations showed significant (P < .001) differences due to ration. The total volatile fatty acids concentration differences were also significant (F < .01), Time after feeding variations were significant (P < .001) for acetic and propionic acids and total acid concentrations and significant (P < .01) for butyric acid. All ratios between individual acids, and between individual acids and total acid concentration showed significant differences (P < ,001) dtie to ration. According to these feedlot sJid digestion studies, it appears that lightweight, iiTimature sorghimi grain is an adequate concentrate for lambs on selffed rations.


The present invention relates to a device for preheating of coal using a fuel, comprising a substantially tubular housing in which a downwardly open combustion chamber for receiving the fuel, which is provided with at least one air intake opening, and one above the combustion chamber provided glow chamber for receiving of coal are arranged which are separated by a provided with at least one passage opening coal loading floor, wherein the coal loading floor to form a Kohleauslassoffnung from a coal receiving position is movable in a Kohleauslassstellung, wherein the Kohleauslassoffnung is dimensioned such that preannealed coal from the glow chamber downwardly through the combustion chamber can be omitted from the device.


Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a precise tool for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) around total joint prostheses. The Hologic 'metal-removal hip' analysis package (Hologic Inc, Waltham, Massachusetts) is a DOS-based analysis platform that has been previously validated for measurement of pelvic and proximal BMD after total hip arthroplasty (THA). This software has undergone a change in the operating platform to a Windows-based system that has also incorporated changes to DXA image manipulation on-screen. These changes may affect the magnitude of random error (precision) and systematic error (bias) when compared with measurements made using the previously validated DOS-based system. These factors could influence interpretation of longitudinal studies commenced using the DOS system and later completed using the Windows system. The aims of this study were to compare the precision and bias of pelvic and femoral periprosthetic BMD measurements made using the Windows versus the DOS analysis platform of the Hologic 'metal-removal hip' software. A total of 29 subjects (17 men and 12 women) with a mean age of 51years (SD±10), who had undergone hybrid THA using a cemented stem and uncemented cup. Subjects underwent duplicate DXA scans of the hemipelvis and proximal femur taken on the same day after a period for repositioning.. Scans were obtained with the patient lying supine in the scanner with the legs in extension and the foot in a neutral position. Scans were carried out using the same Hologic QDR 4500-A fan-beam densitometer in 'metal-removal hip' scanning mode. The DXA scan acquisitions were analysed using both the DOS and the Windows versions of the analysis software. The same observer made all analyses (NRS). Pelvic scans were analysed using a four region of interest model and femoral scans were analysed using a seven region of interest model. Precision was expressed as coefficient of variation (CV%) and compared between methods using the F-test. Systematic bias was examined using the Bland and Altman method and paired t-test. The CV% for the pelvic regions of interest (n=4) varied from 3.92 to 8.54 and from 2.36 to 5.96 for the Windows and DOS systems, respectively. The CV% for the net pelvic region was 3.04 and 2.36 for Windows versus DOS, respectively (F- test, p>0.05). The CV% for the femoral regions of interest (n=7) varied from 1.58 to 4.14 and from 1.84 to 4.65 for the Windows and DOS systems, respectively. The CV% for the net femoral region was 1.75 and 1.51 for Windows versus DOS, respectively (F- test, p>0.05). Absolute BMD values for the net pelvic region were similar (Bland-Altman, Windows minus DOS value mean = -1.0%, 95% CI −7.5 to 5.6; t-test p.0.05). Absolute BMD values for the net femoral region were also similar (Bland-Altman, Windows minus DOS value mean = 1.3%, 95% CI −8.3 to 10.8; t-test p.0.05). In summary precision of the measurements using the 2 operating systems was similar and there was no systematic bias between methods. These data suggest that scans analysed using each platform may be used interchangeably within the same study subjects, without the need of a calibration correction.


The performance and expected lifetime of piezoelectric ceramic components are ultimately defined by bulk material fatigue processes. In this work, strain accumulation of a ferroelectric/ferroelastic ceramic lead zirconate titanate is characterized under mechanical cycling using four-point bend bar geometry. Strain accumulation occurs at a higher rate than in creep alone, indicating that the processes are fatigue related, and it is confirmed by X-ray diffraction that the accumulated strain is contributed under both cyclic tensile and compressive stress by domain switching. The relative ranking of measured mechanical strains is nearly the same as the theoretical saturated domain-switching strains.


The large literature on the infancy narratives 1) justified by the intrinsic interest of the subject-matter, has promoted substantial advances in the last few years 2). The extraneous material utilised has been slight and unconvincing, but, that notwithstanding, critical techniques have gone far to revealing something which had not been suspected until recently, namely the functions of both narratives as a preparation for the hearing of the gospels as a whole, and, in Luke's case, for the gist of Acts as well. Here little will be offered by way of recapitulation of what has been published already, and it is assumed that previous publications are available to the reader. Important extraneous material has been neglected


Summary Use of space by sympatric European hares (Lepus europaeus) and European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) was investigated in a coarse-grained environment in the Mediterranean climatic zone of Australia by telemetric methods. There was a high degree of overlap between rabbits and hares during the day, when both species made use of native vegetation as cover. At night, hares travelled further than rabbits. Well after both species had become active, the hares still spent time in crop and pasture areas utilised by rabbits, although partial avoidance was detected in the periods around dawn and dusk. Rabbit home ranges were c.10 ha, but at 149 ha mean hare home range area matched the maximum predicted for a herbivorous species of its size. Home ranges of rabbits, and overlap between male rabbits, decreased as succulent green feed became available. Home ranges of hares remained large, and overlap between male hares remained high, irrespective of the availability of green feed.


Background:  The elastic hysteresis phenomenon is observed when cyclic loading is applied to a viscoelastic system. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate elastic hysteresis in living human eyes against an external force.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate the inflammatory response within intact carotid plaques from carotid eversion endarterectomy (CEE) to determine the relationship between immunohistological plaque morphology and ischaemic cerebrovascular symptoms.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Intact CEE plaques from 71 patients with high-grade (>70%) stenosis undergoing CEE (group I, symptomatic, n=42; group II, asymptomatic, n =29) and 12 normal postmortem arteries (control group) were analysed with specific antibodies to inflammatory cells (T-Lymphocytes (CD3, CD4), cytotoxic T-cells (CD8), B-lymphocytes (CD20), natural killer cells (CD57), macrophages (CD68)), endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 (CD54), P-selectin (CD62P), E-selectin (CD62E), VCAM-1 (CD106) and T-lymphocyte co-stimulatory molecule (CD40)) and procoagulatory modulators (thrombomodulin (CD141), tissue factor (CD142)). Both groups were matched for gender, age, risk factors, degree of carotid artery stenosis. Plaques were measured using a semiquantitative score system in a blinded fashion by two observers. Statistical analysis of the group differences were performed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Multitest Procedure with Permutation-Testing. Significance was taken as a p<0.05.

RESULTS
There were significantly more inflammatory cells, an overexpression of P-selectin and the procoagulatory markers thrombomodulin and tissue factor in symptomatic compared to both asymptomatic plaques and the ones of the control group. In both groups there was no significance for ICAM-1, VCAM-1, macrophages and co-stimulatory molecule CD40. There was also no significance for any factor between the asymptomatic and the control group. However, the differences between the symptomatic and the asymptomatic group were highly significant for all factors.

CONCLUSION
These data suggest that structural changes and inflammatory damage within the individual plaque seems to be a critical step in promoting plaque rupture with embolic sequelae.


Purpose:To study effect ofsugarcane alkane alcohol on hyperlipidemia Prevention.Methods:To duplicatehyperlipidemia model with rabbits,preventively administrated sugarcane alkane alcohol,observe influence of Sugarcane Alkane Alcohol to model animals' blood fat and cholesterol level.Result: After prophylactic administration for 12 weeks,TC,TG and LDL-C level in blood serum of hyperlipidemia markedly decreased after administered Sugarcane Alkane Alcohol by dose of 10mg/kg,5mg/kg and 7.5mg/kg,HDL-C markedly increased with 10 mg/kg.Conclusion: Sugarcane Alkane Alcohol has satisfactory pharmacologic actions on hyperlipidemia animal model by regulating blood fat and cholesterol level with prophylactic administration.


Compacts for the synthesis of composite zones in castings were obtained by cold pressing powders of the TiC reactants under a pressure of 250, 300, 500 and 600 MPa. The all compacts made under different pressures were placed in a mould cavity and poured with liquid unalloyed low-carbon steel. From the resulting casting, four composite zone A, B, C, D, produced in this casting by in situ method. In all composite zones, TiC and ferrite (αFe) were obtained. Additionally, in zones A, B and C the presence of graphite (Cgr) was also stated. The surface friction (Sf) of Cgr decreases in composite zones A ÷ D, while both the Sf of TiC and hardness VH30 increase in these zones with increasing compaction pressure of the reactants. Too low compaction pressure applied to the TiC reactants impedes the effective propagation of the reaction of synthesis.


Physical activity is directly related to the care of the body, with the physical and mental well-being and quality of life. May also be related to socialization, interaction with others and as a motivator for the activities of daily living. In this context, the theory of habitus shows the relationship between individual behavior and the existence of a field for the development of its habits, its actions, be sports or physical activity. The theory of social representations presentes the common sense knowledge as a scientific, structured in a different way from discourses of subjects, identified, interpreted and analyzed properly. From these representations the categories derived from the interviews were classified as health, movement and sport. These, in turn, were the subjects' representations about physical activity.


The dextral Longriba fault system (LFS), ~300 km long and constituting of two fault zones, has recently been recognized as an important structure of the eastern Tibetan plateau (Sichuan province), as it accommodates a significant amount of the deformation induced by the ongoing Indo‐Asian collision. Although previous paleoseismological investigations highlighted its high seismogenic potential, no systematic quantification of the dextral displacements along the fault system has been undertaken so far. As such information is essential to appraise fault behavior, we propose here a first detailed analysis of the segmentation of the Longriqu fault, the northern fault zone of the LFS, and an offset inventory of morphological features along the fault, using high‐resolution Pleiades satellite images. We identify six major segments forming a mature fault zone. Offsets inventory suggests a characteristic coseismic displacement of ~4 m. Two alluvial fans, with minimum ages of 6.7 and 13.2 ka, respectively displaced by 23 ± 7 m and 40 ± 5 m, give an estimate of the maximal horizontal slip rate on the Longriqu fault of 3.2 ± 1.1 mm yr−1. As a result, a minimum ~1340 year time interval between earthquakes is expected.


BACKGROUND: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. Carbapenems are widely used for the treatment of this microorganism, but nowadays, increasing number of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) isolates are increasing which further lead to treatment failure due to associated multidrug resistance. AIM: The present study was done to determine the prevalence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (bla NDM-1) in P. aeruginosa in hospitalized patients in a tertiary care setup. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study was conducted in the department of microbiology with the tertiary care hospital settings. It was a prospective cross-sectional observational study conducted from June 2014 to December 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method for screening of the isolates. P. aeruginosa isolates with the zone diameter of carbapenems ≤18 mm were considered as carbapenemase producers. Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL) detection was done using imipenem- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid double-disc synergy test. NDM-1 gene in P. aeruginosa was identified using conventional polymerase chain reaction. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Chi-square test was used to analyze the data and P < 0.01 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Out of 460 P. aeruginosa, 74 (16.08%) isolates were CRPA. A total of 61 (13.2%) MBL-producing P. aeruginosa were isolated, and bla NDM-1 gene was detected in 18 (3.91%) P. aeruginosa isolates. CONCLUSION: The study showed increasing multidrug resistance among CRPA compared to carbapenem-sensitive P. aeruginosa. It also determined increasing prevalence of bla NDM-1 in P. aeruginosa isolates. It is emphasized to timely identify these pathogens and treat with proper antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality.


This study was aimed at identifying the current physical land suitability for selected perennial crops in Gumay woreda of Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Relevant landquality (LQ) and land characteristics (LCs) data like climate, topography and soil hasbeen utilized for land suitability analysis. Consequently, through the querying analysis,the suitability rating process was run for individual LCs and based on the maximum limitation method. The overall suitability was assigned for specific land mapping unitswith the integration of ArcGIS10.3. Accordingly, the results showed that out of the40976ha, 23% of the land was highly suitable (S1); 21% moderately suitable (S2); 47% marginally suitable and only 9% of the land was not appropriate (N) for guava production. Similarly, 47% of the land was highly suitable, 27% moderately suitable, 6% marginally suitable and 20% was not appropriate for mango growing. On the otherhand, only 1% of the area was highly suitable, 6% was marginally suitable and the remaining 93% of the land were not suitable for growing avocado. Overall, more of thetwenty LMUs fall under highly, moderately and marginally suitable class for guava andmango production and the reverse is true for avocado; 93% was not suitable and basedon the individual LCs, slope status (which is not assigned as S1) was found to be the mostsevere limiting factor. So, based on the analysis, guava and mango cultivation is bettersuited in the area whereas cultivation of avocado is not, because it needs moretreatments.


At present, the electric load in China is increasing rapidly. The peak-to-valley gap of the power grid is continuously increasing, which has brought a lot of economic and security issues. Traditional solutions usually start from the power supply side, with large cost and poor effect. With the deepening of electric technology research, electric power demand side management has attract more and more attention, and large electric customers have become the first choice of state grid companies due to their large power loads and high willingness to participate. In order to cooperate with large electric customers 'participation in demand-side response, this paper builds an equipment group optimization model to meet the requirements of the load reduction instructions while taking users' comfort and equipment participation into account. Finally, simulation verify the practicability of the proposed strategy.


Winner of judges award for best 'market stall', judges drawn from the international organising committee

NIHR i4i project 'Head-Up' evidence safari – A Participatory Design Project as an example of Knowledge Co-creation, Knowledge Synthesis and Knowledge Mobilisation.

This exhibition will be a project timeline from identification of unmet need with and by patients, through to current status (live 150 patient evaluation, patent granted, CE mark certified, negotiations with commercial partners).
Along the project timeline, different kinds of evidence will be shown, there for viewers to interact with. This will include:
• Transcripts of workshops and interviews
• Samples of existing provision
• Data and outputs from a comfort assessment of existing devices
• Illustrations of concepts and product development
• Prototypes showing links to moments in participatory design workshop that led to these prototypes
• Test rigs built to test the product as it was developed
• Engineering Simulation model used to test product concepts
• Health Economics evaluation
• Evaluations – protocol, data, analysis
• Final product and product packaging
• Patents
• Evaluation
• CE mark certificates
• Technical and design files
• Commercialisation package

The timeline will illustrate how making and collective, participatory making was used as a means of drawing out this knowledge, creating new knowledge and synthesising this knowledge. Different elements within the timeline will be colour coded to illustrate different forms of knowledge, where the knowledge originated from and how it was 'synthesised' into the final solution via the design process.


Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), but patients relapse, highlighting the need to understand mechanisms of resistance. We discovered that in primary breast cancer, tumor cells that resist T cell attack are quiescent. Quiescent Cancer Cells (QCCs) form clusters with reduced immune infiltration. They also display superior tumorigenic capacity and higher expression of chemotherapy resistance and stemness genes. We adapted single-cell-RNA-sequencing with precise spatial resolution to profile infiltrating cells inside and outside the QCC niche. This transcriptomic analysis revealed hypoxia-induced programs and identified more exhausted T-cells, tumor-protective fibroblasts, and dysfunctional dendritic cells inside clusters of QCCs. This uncovered differential phenotypes in infiltrating cells based on their intra-tumor location. Thus, QCCs constitute immunotherapy-resistant reservoirs by orchestrating a local hypoxic immune-suppressive milieu that blocks T-cell function. Eliminating QCCs holds the promise to counteract immunotherapy resistance and prevent disease recurrence in TNBC.
 Citation Format: Pilar Baldominos, Alex Barbera-Mourelle, Olga Barreiro, Yu Huang, Andrew Wight, Judith Agudo. Quiescent cancer cells resist T cell attack by forming an immune-suppressive niche [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2022 Oct 21-24; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(12 Suppl):Abstract nr B56.


Aims Unexplained chronic cough is a common condition with no satisfactory treatments. Previous work has suggested that cough may be linked to neutrophilic airway inflammation. This study tested the hypothesis that long-term low-dose erythromycin reduces the induced sputum neutrophil count and 24 h cough frequency in patients with unexplained chronic cough. Methods 30 patients with an unexplained chronic cough lasting more than 8 weeks were randomly assigned to take 250 mg erythromycin once daily (n ¼ 15) or placebo (n ¼ 15) for 12 weeks in a double-blind parallel group study. Cough frequency, cough reflex sensitivity and cough severity were assessed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. The primary outcome measure was change in 24 h cough frequency at 12 weeks. Results There was no difference in the change in cough frequency between the erythromycin and placebo groups at 12 weeks (mean difference in fold change 1.1; 95% CI 0.7 to 1.5; p ¼ 0.585) or at other times. There was a statistically significant between-treatment difference in the change in sputum neutrophils at 12 weeks ( (cid:2) 10.2% vs +6.6% with erythromycin and placebo; mean difference 16.8%; 95% CI 1.6 to 32.1; p ¼ 0.03) but not at other times. There was no difference in the change in other measures of cough between treatments. chronic


The reliability of predictors for friction factors and rates of sediment transport in alluvial channels is open to question when they are applied to sinuous channels. Bed-form geometry in a curved channel and a straight flume which are subject to the same nominal flow conditions is investigated by statistical analysis of records of streamed profiles. Autocorrelation, spectral density and probability density functions of a process defined by the bed elevation as a function of the distance along the channel, or as a function of elapsed time at a fixed point of the channel are computed by digital computer. Comparison of the statistical descriptors obtained from the curved channel and from the straight flume permits a quantitative evaluation of the marked differences between bed geometry in curved and straight channels. The total rate of sediment transport in the curved channel is approximately 15 times as much as that of a straight flume which is subject to nominally identical flow conditions. This difference increases with increase in Froude number. At the same time the overall mean water surface slope in the curved channel is comparable to the water surface slope in the straight flume. It is shown that bed-friction factors in alluvial beds can be determined either in terms of flow conditions or in terms of the size of the bed forms. The statistical approach described in the text permits practical and relatively simple methods to be used for obtaining characteristic heights and lengths of the bed forms in terms of the moments of the spectral density function. These characteristic bed form dimensions are used in turn to evaluate bed friction factors in a straight flume. It is demonstrated that characteristic dimensions of the bed forms can be obtained from stationary as well as from nonstationary sample records. Comparison between time and space spectra permits evaluation of ripple celerity. The resulting relationship shows that small ripples move faster than large ones and that the celerity of ripples increases with increasing flow velocity. These results are confirmed by results obtained from time-lapse photography and are suggested for use in relating time and space domains. It is shown that the theoretical second order linear Markov model used by other investigators, as well as other simple exponential, sine or consine spectral density functions do not fit the observed phenomenon. Suggestions for future study are listed.


The Ottawa Renewable Energy Cooperative is considering installing solar modules on the roofs of two buildings while they stay connected to the public electricity grid. Solar power produced over their own needs would be sent to the public electricity grid for a credit on their electricity bill. When they need more power than they are generating, these buildings would purchase electricity from the grid. In addition to paying for the electricity they purchase, they would be subject to a "demand charge" that applies each month to the hour during which their consumption is at a peak for that month. Any electricity consumed during that peak hour would be charged at a rate about 100 times the rate for other hours. The case addresses three questions: (1) Is it profitable for these organizations to install solar on their roofs? (2) Can profitability be increased by adding a battery? and (3) How sensitive is profitability to uncertainty in future electricity prices? The case shows how the answers to these questions depend on the profile of hourly electricity consumption during the day, which is very different from one building to the other.


DIGIS is a user interface development environment for non-programmers, covering all aspects of user-interface construction: presentation, dialogues and coupling to the application, using direct manipulation techniques. DIGIS enforces a strict separation of the user interface from the application, with no restrictions on the type of application, although we assume that the application can be modeled in an object oriented way. For specification of the dialogues of the interactive system, DIGIS supports interaction-by-example: dialogues are constructed by demonstrating interactions to the system. Dialogues constructed by example are mapped on a dedicated visual language, not only describing the behavior of objects but also the interactions between them. They can be edited through a direct manipulation graphical editor, which guarantees the syntactical correctness of the dialogues. DIGIS allows one to incrementally edit the user interface and run the application, providing instantaneous feedback of the interactive system under construction.<<ETX>>


A new species of the genus Deutella Mayer, 1890 is described and illustrated, and a key to identify the Deutella  species from the Gulf of Mexico is given. The specimens were collected from coral rubble at 18 m depth in Tuxpan-Lobos coral reef system, W Gulf of Mexico. Deutella pseudoincerta n. sp. is remarkably close to Deutella incerta  (Mayer, 1903), but can be easily distinguished by: length and shape of pereopod 5 especially distal article; length and width of adult male gnathopod 2; shape and size of tubercles in male abdominal appendages. The new species increases the number of Deutella species to 14 worldwide, and 18 species of Caprellidae from the Gulf of Mexico.


Icelandic tephra layers within deglacial ocean sediment cores from south of Iceland have been detected and their timing with respect to the climate shifts of the last deglaciation constrained. Geochemical analysis of the tephra allowed the likely source volcanic systems to be identified. The previously known Saksunarvatn ash and Vedde ash are recognised and described. Several other major tephra layers are examined: basaltic eruption(s) of Katla at ∼8.4 ka; a basaltic eruption of Katla at ∼12.6 ka; a rhyolitic eruption of Katla at ∼13.6 ka producing tephra similar in appearance and composition to the Vedde ash; a basaltic eruption of Katla at ∼14.0 ka; and two basaltic eruptions of Grímsvötn at ∼14.6 ka and ∼15.0 ka. Abundant rhyolitic ash with a similar appearance and chemistry to the Vedde ash is found throughout the deglacial interval, predating the Vedde ash by up to 3000 years, supporting previous suggestions that there were pre‐Vedde ash eruptions of rhyolite that may have contributed to North Atlantic Ash Zone 1.


This report presents the most current nationally representative data on inpatient care in the United States. Data are from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), the longest continuously running nationally representative survey of hospital utilization. Thefigure on the right shows trends in discharges and days of care from NHDS from 1965 through 1999, the most current year of data. In 1999, there were 32.1 million discharges that resulted in 160.1 million days of care.


To identify attributes of plant invaders in Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai,China,we recorded 23 attributes (referring to:reproduction,mode of spread,life span,breeding system,life form,pollination,mode of defensive,and adaptation to habitats) for 1750 herbaceous angiosperms from the investigated area. We compared these attributes for weeds and nonweeds,invasive and native weeds,and invasive weeds and nonweedy exotic plants in SPSS 15.0. The results indicate that native and exotic weedy plants share common attributes. In Jiangsu,Zhejiang and Shanghai,China,weedy herbaceous angiosperms are likely to be shade intolerant,toxic,annual or biennial rosette plants adapted to wet,xeric or sunny habitats. They are likely to have wind pollinated bisexual flowers and produce many small mucilaginous or armed seeds. They are unlikely to be mesophytes,have thorns,or reproduce vegetatively. The above attributes probably confer an ecological advantage to the weedy plants,while one should not ignore the influence of humane preference on the introduction,cultivation,and control of exotic plant species.


A self-discharging circuit discharging electrical charges of an external energy storage device coupled to a power transmission line coupled between a power supply device and a load is provided. The self-discharging circuit includes a current-limiting unit, an internal energy storage unit, a voltage detection unit and a discharge unit. The current-limiting unit is coupled between the power transmission line and a first node. The internal energy storage unit is coupled between the first node and a ground node. The ground node receives a ground level. The voltage detection unit detects a level of the first node. The discharge unit is coupled between the power transmission line and a second node. When the level of the first node is less than a pre-determined level, the voltage detection unit directs the second node to couple to the ground node.


Micro flow focusing devices (mFFD) have emerged as a powerful tool for cell encapsulation and the formation of micro-emulsions. In the frame of live cell encapsulation, a micro-FFD using alginate solutions for the capsule and powered by highly controllable pressure pumps has been developed. This work deals with the different aspects of the problem: the rheology of alginate solutions, the flow regimes and flow charts, the influence of the different parameters including a scaling analysis and considerations on the thread break-up. Experimental observations of capsules produced in the microsystem are finally shown.


Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) boasts the superiority of fast dynamic response and clean output power, which can ensure the stable operation of the system and the safety and reliability of data. Currently, it takes up a large proportion in the backup power market and is extensively applied in key industries such as energy and the Internet. UPS is connected between commercial power and power load, and furnishes uninterrupted, reliable and high-quality power to vital loads when the input power fails. Bi-directional DC-DC converter can realize bi-directional flow of energy, which is functionally equivalent to two uni-directional DC-DC converters, rendering the system to carry the advantages of high power density and low cost, which has become a research focus at home and abroad in the passing years. The traditional current-mode push-pull full bridge topology fails to realize the soft start of the on-line UPS and stable operation of it under empty and light load. Based on this topology, the inductor secondary coil and two freewheeling diodes are added to make the push-pull tube work in any duty ratio state, thus meeting the design requirements of the bi-directional DC-DC converter in UPS. The working principle of the improved topology is described in this thesis, and Saber and Matlab are used for simulation analysis. Prototype is made and debugged to verify the feasibility of the design so as to achieve the expected design goals.


In this study, a proposed mathematical model consists of two parts, one is the maneuvering model, called MMG (Mathematical Model Group), and the other is a control algorithm based on traditional PD control system. The MMG model is used to compute the ship's maneuvering characteristics, and a ship can safely reach target coordinates with the help of a control algorithm if it encounters any obstacles along the way. Because of the suitable hydrodynamic coefficients of Esso Osaka, the proposed mathematical model is evaluated using trial test data from Esso Osaka. Firstly, the maneuvering characteristics of the ship were determined by performing the turning and zigzag tests for different velocity of the ship. By comparing the results obtained with the trial test results of the Esso Osaka, the suggested model was verified. Secondly, the ship's route was obtained for a determined target coordinate. Thirdly, a new route is automatically obtained by assuming that there is an obstacle between the starting point of the ship and the target coordinate determined for the previous simulation. As a result, this new route is created thanks to the virtual coordinates determined in accordance with the COLREGs rules. Since the maneuvering characteristic values of the ship are included in the written algorithm, it directly affects the determination of the virtual coordinates. Therefore, it is very important to find accurate maneuvering characteristics. Evaluating the simulation results obtained from the proposed mathematical model, it is concluded that a safe route has been created between the coordinates determined for the Esso Osaka ship. Moreover, the ship reaches the target coordinate without any collision.


The recent advances in light-The recent advances in light-field acquisition and display systems bring closer the day when they become commercially available and accessible to wide audiences for numerous use cases. Their usefulness and potential benefits have already been disseminated in the field and they started emerging in both industry and entertainment applications. The long-term goal of the scientific community and future manufacturers is to research and develop fully immersive, yet seamless and efficient systems that can achieve the ultimate visual experience. However, certain paths leading to such goals are blocked by technological and physical limitations, and also significant challenges that have to be coped with. Although some issues that rise regarding the development of capture and display systems may actually be nearly impossible to overcome, the potential for light-field applications is indeed immense, thus worth the vast scientific effort. In this paper, we systematically analyze and present the current and future relevant limitations and challenges regarding the research and development of light-field systems. As current limitations are primarily application-specific, both challenges and potentials are approached from the angle of end-user applications. The paper separately highlights the use case scenarios for industry and entertainment, and for everyday commercial usage. Currently existing light-field systems are assessed and introduced from a technical perspective and also with regards to usability, and potential future systems are described based on state-of-art technologies and research focuses. Aspects of practical usage, such as scalability and price, are thoroughly detailed for both light-field capture and visualization.


A battery capacity calculating method that can calculate, with an extremely high degree of precision, the remaining capacity of a secondary battery particularly in an ending stage of discharge independently of environmental conditions, such as temperature, degradation and the like. A battery capacity calculating apparatus (10) includes a voltage measuring circuit (11) for measuring the terminal voltage (Vmea) of a battery (1) during discharging thereof, a current measuring circuit (12) for measuring a current value (I) of the battery (1) during discharging thereof, and a control circuit (13) for calculating the remaining capacity and/or remaining power. A calculating part (15) in the control circuit (13) calculates, based on the terminal voltage (Vmea) and current value (I) measured by the voltage measuring circuit (11) and current measuring circuit (12), a discharge capacity (Qmea) and an apparent discharge capacity (Qocv), and then predicts, during discharge, based on a capacity gap (DeltaQ) that is a difference therebetween, a discharge curve (C pre) that will appear in the future including an ending stage of discharge, and then calculates, based on the predicted discharge curve (Cpre), the remaining capacity and/or remaining power of the battery (1).


Abstract : The United States Marine Corps training and education programs for field grade officers focuses on the operational level of war. Since the nucleus of training is on the operational level of war, it follows that the Corps expects to require its field grade officers to perform missions at the operational level. If these officers are expected to perform at some other level, then the training which they receive is not an efficient use of manpower and money. In this study, the missions which the Corps is most likely to face are discussed, and historical examples of each are analyzed to determine where, or if, Marine Corps field grade officers function at the operational level. This analysis points out a disconnect between the number of officers trained, and the number of officers required at the operational level of war. Recommendations are offered to correct the discrepancy, and to assist in making the best use of training hours and money.


Secondary structural, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 microparticles with an average diameter of 280 nm have been successfully synthesized by using a one-step hydrothermal method. The size of the primary nanograins has been controlled from 5.9 to 21.5 nm by varying the sodium acrylate/sodium acetate weight ratios. The magnetic properties of the Fe3O4 microparticles have been characterized at room temperature, whereas the saturation magnetization values of the Fe3O4 microparticles increase with increasing grain sizes. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals that Fe3O4 microparticle with larger grain size yields higher molar T2 relaxation rate. A plausible growth mechanism of the particles is proposed, and the role of sodium acrylate and sodium acetate for tuning the grain size of the particles has been discussed. Additionally, the size of the secondary structural Fe3O4 particles can also be continuously controlled from 6 to 170 nm by varying the volume ratio of ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol in a bisolvent system. T...


The global 1km resolution NDVI 10d from the USGS data center is unloaded directly from the internet to compose NDVI information, and 5 monitoring points in paddy field and 6 monitoring points on dry land are selected from the southern, central and northern part of Guangxi to study the monthly changing characteristics of their NDVI The results shows that the monthly change of NDVI has a close relation with the growing change of crops, hence NDVI information may be used to develop the remote sensing monitoring by satellite for crops growing and agricultural meteorological disaster


A sheet binding apparatus, comprising a memory cell formed staple sheet discharging device memory cell, and a binding sheets stored in the storage unit of the present apparatus from the image sheet binding may be curved inwardly of the staple legs passing through the sheet a first bending process and the bending process the second staple sheet passes through the outwardly bent feet. In the facsimile mode or print mode, the second bending process may be performed.


The reliability of a single‐voxel, localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol suitable for clinical studies was investigated by means of in vitro, single‐subject in vivo and multi‐subject in vivo examinations of healthy adults aged from 19 to 67 years. The study was performed at 1.5 T using a standard quadrature head coil and a single voxel PRESS sequence (in vitro TR/TE = 1500/30 ms, in vivo TR/TE=2000/35 ms). Eighty‐four in vitro and 30 single‐subject examinations were statistically evaluated after quantification, including the calculation of the coefficients of variations (CV) for choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), myo‐inositol (mI), lactate (Lac), N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) and unresolved glutamine, glutamate and GABA (Glx). The CVs for absolute concentrations of the main metabolites Cho, Cr and NAA, ranged from 3.3% (3.8) to 4.0% (6.4%) (the in vivo results are given in brackets). Multi‐subject CVs of absolute concentrations for Cho, Cr and NAA ranged from 7.6% to 15.0%. CVs of relative in vivo concentrations were found to be higher than CVs of absolute concentrations. Due to the better reproducibility of intra‐individual absolute in vivo concentrations, cross‐over studies using institutional units are recommended. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This report presents the results of investigations on the LEO mission capability of four different Reusable Liquid Fly Back Boosters (LFBB), primarily designed to deliver 11 tons payload to GTO. The mating expendable stage is the Ariane5 ECB with Cryogenic Upper Stage for GTO mission and a hypothetical Ariane 4 Advanced Derivatives of Upper Stage (H25) for LEO mission. To verify the dual mission capability including GTO and LEO, the ascent and descent trajectories for GTO as well as LEO mission are simulated and analyzed. The paper includes Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Cost per Flight (CpF) comparison among the four LFBBs based on a fixed operation scenario including 450 mission flights including 300 GTO and 150 LEO missions over a 30 year period. Statistical analysis on the total program cost are carried out by putting two key cost driving factors, including boosters' life flight times, and aging factor on refurbishment and spare cost, as variables. The cost saving effect of the joint operation using engines matured by booster flight for the expendable core stage is reviewed.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of an amino-oligosaccharide (AAOS) on milk production and in vitro dry matter degradation (IVDMD) of a total mixed ratio (50:50 forage:concentrate) for lactating dairy cows. Treatments (diets) were control (0 g AAOS) and AAOS (0.17% of diet, DM basis). In vitro incubations were carried out at 12, 24, 48 and 70 h. Sixty multiparous Jersey cows (81±7 days in milk) were randomly assigned to the two treatments. Milk production and milk components were evaluated during 42 days. The IVDMD was reduced by AAOS only at 12 h incubation. Cows fed AAOS showed similar dry matter intake, milk yield, milk fat, milk non-fat solids and milk lactose as compared to control. However, AAOS increased milk protein percentage and decreased milk urea-nitrogen, as compared to control.


We demonstrate the ability to coherently control ultracold atomic Rb collisions using frequency-chirped light on the nanosecond time scale. For certain center frequencies of the chirp, the rate of inelastic trap-loss collisions induced by negatively chirped light is dramatically suppressed compared to the case of a positive chirp. We attribute this to a fundamental asymmetry in the system: an excited wave packet moves inward on the attractive molecular potential. For a positive chirp, the resonance condition moves outward in time, while for a negative chirp, it moves inward, in the same direction as the excited wave packet; this allows multiple interactions between the wave packet and the light, enabling the wave packet to be returned coherently to the ground state. Classical and quantum calculations support this interpretation.


OBJECTIVE:To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil,and to study the impact of producing area,collection time and wall broken technology using Genealogzied clustering analysis.METHODS:RP-HPLC was used to determine the content of glycerin trioleate in G.lucidum spore oil.The determination was performed on LiChrospher RP-18e column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)with mobile phase consisted of methanol-isopropanol (gradient elution) using Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (ELSD);Genealogized cluster analysis was used to analyze relative peak area of G.lucidum spore oil.RESULTS:Test samples were divided into two categories by hierarchical clustering analysis.The collection time and technique of breaking wall had great impact on the quality of G.lucidum spore oil,while the producing area had not.CONCLUSION:The method can be used to provide some useful information for quality evaluation of G.lucidum spore oil.


Vane clocking is the circumferential indexing of adjacent vane rows with identical vane counts. Vane clocking affects tone noise propagation, performance, and forced response characteristics in compressors. Recent vane clocking experiments performed in the embedded stage of the Purdue 3-Stage Research Compressor showed significant differences in the rotor 2 resonant response depending on the clocking configuration of stator 1 and stator 2, as measured by a nonintrusive stress measurement system. This research is focused on computing the fluidstructure interaction observed in this experiment to gain further insight into the flow physics associated with vane clocking. AU3D, an implicit, unsteady, unstructured, compressible flow solver is used to compute the vane clocking effects on rotor 2 resonant response, and the results are compared with experimental data. While many have investigated vane clocking effects on unsteady blade loading, this is one of the few investigations focused on rotor resonance.


Local official engraving plays a dominant role in Yuan Dynasty and usually local Confucianism academies pay for it.Therefore,the books which are engraved by local governments with all levels have the biggest quantity and the highest quality.The reasons why local Confucianism academies have an important role depend on governmental attention,financial support,abundant information resources and stable sales market,fine quality and rapid engraving speed.


Bridge crane plays an irreplaceable role in the industrial field, so the stabilization control of bridge crane is of great significance. However, improving the transient performance of the control system is still one of the major challenges in the research of the control method of bridge crane system. To solve this problem, a hierarchical sliding mode tracking control strategy with enhanced coupling is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the coupling signal is carefully designed, and then the coupling signal is introduced to transform the bridge system model accordingly. Finally, the tracking controller is designed to make the system state approach to the desired equilibrium point in finite time. Under the action of the controller designed in this paper, the trolley can fully restrain the load swing when it reaches the desired position. When sudden unmatched interference occurs, the system state can be quickly restored to the equilibrium point. The stability analysis is also given. Simulation results show that this strategy can improve the transient performance of the controller.