The sandwich-like title complex, hexakis(dimethylformamide)-1κO,2κO,3κO,4κO,5κO,6κO–bis[2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaphenylsiloxane-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaolato(6−)-1:2κ2O1,2:3κ2O2,3:4κ2O3,- 4:5κ2O4,5:6κ2O5,1:6κ2O6]hexacopper(II) tetrakis(dimethylformamide) solvate, [Cu6(C3H7NO)6{(C6H5)6O12Si6}2].4C3H7NO, is comprised of two regular crown-shaped macrocyclic hexadentate organosiloxanolate ligands chelating a flat Cu6 hexagon, as in the ethanol-solvated analogue investigated previously. The title complex has a more distorted shape than the trigonal ethanol-solvated analogue, being slightly side-oblated, but still contains a large empty inner channel accessible by small molecules (the diameter of the free cross-section being about 2.5 A). Each CuII ion has square-pyramidal coordination with four basal siloxanolate O atoms and an apical dimethylformamide (DMFA) molecule (coordinated through its carbonyl group). The average bond lengths are: Cu—O(Si) 1.964 (11) A and Cu—O(DMFA) 2.215 (10) A. The structure contains four additional DMFA molecules per complex unit, linked by weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Unexpectedly, the C=O bond length is longer [1.248 (10) and 1.255 (9) A] in the uncoordinated DMFA molecules than in the coordinated [1.214–1.227 (7) A].


The minimum size of shallow horizontal structures to be detectable and resolvable with airborne electromagnetic (AEM) systems is discussed. Synthetic data were generated for the helicopter frequency-domain system RESOLVE and the fixed-wing time-domain systems TEMPEST and GEOTEM. The modelled scenarios include conductive prisms in a resistive host and resistive prisms in a conductive host. The EM responses of these models were computed for a range of prism thicknesses, side-lengths and host conductivities. Gaussian noise in amplitude comparable to actual system noise levels was added to the synthetic data followed by the derivation of conductivity-depth sections via three-layer inversion and EMFLOW conductivity-depth imaging. Where these 1-D algorithms failed to indicate the presence of the prism the data were inspected for prism anomalies in order to evaluate if 2-D or 3-D algorithms might be able to map these structures. The results indicate that beyond a minimum prism conductance (conductivity-thickness product), prism thickness and host conductivity are much less important than side-length. For horizontal prisms to be detectable with the RESOLVE system they have to be at least 12 m wide. In order to resolve their thicknesses and conductivities with 1-D algorithms, the prisms must be at least 130 m wide. For the TEMPEST and GEOTEM system the application of 1-D algorithms enables the detection of horizontal prisms wider than 180 m and the resolution of their thicknesses and conductivities for prisms wider than 450 m. Profile inspection shows that horizontal structures as narrow as 24 m might be detectable with more advanced algorithms.


Light-induced phosphorylation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase plays an important role in C4 photosynthesis. It reduces the sensitivity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to malate and thereby allows this enzyme to fix bicarbonate even in the presence of a high concentration of malate in the mesophyll cell cytosol. Previous work has shown that light causes an increase in the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase in a process involving protein synthesis. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase genes have been cloned from a range of C3 and CAM species, but not so far from C4 species. We have identified a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase cDNA from the C4 plant Sorghum bicolor. It encodes a 307 residue protein of predicted Mr 32524, which, like other phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinases, comprises a protein kinase catalytic domain with minimal extensions at the N- and C-terminal ends. However, relative to other phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinases, the Sorghum enzyme contains an acidic 23-residue insert just after the catalytic loop. Structure prediction suggests that this insert would be exposed at the surface of the protein. Using in vitro transcription and translation, we have demonstrated that the protein encoded by this cDNA has high phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase activity. This appears to be the first report of a cloned phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase kinase from a C4 plant. Data on the expression of the gene in response to light and to cycloheximide will be presented.


Article history: Received: 12 Oct 2013 Accepted: 28 Dec 2013 Available online: 8 Feb 2014 ZJRMS 2014 Oct; 16(10): 55-59 Background: With regard to the rapid emerging antibiotic resistance bacteria, plants as one of the most common natural sources of antimicrobial agents can be used as alternative for treatment of infectious diseases. This study was designed to investigate antibacterial activity of Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae family). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the antibacterial effect of 4, 8, 16 and 24 mg/disc of alcoholic extracts were assessed using standard disc diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were also determined. Furthermore, the structural changes following to the exposure with these extracts were also investigated in test bacteria. Results: Both extracts of this plant showed considerable antibacterial activity against some Gram positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and also Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) bacteria. All of the tested bacteria were resistant to nafcillin. The maximum effects was observed in the case of both ethanolic and methanolic extracts in all concentrations on P. mirabilis (25 mm) and the lowest effect was on P. aeruginosa. MIC and MBC values of both extracts against S. aureus were equal (MIC=MBC=8 mg/mL) and P. mirabilis were MIC=4 mg/mL and MBC=8 mg/mL. The SEM analysis revealed deformation and cell wall disruption of affected bacteria. Conclusion: Based on these results it can be suggested that M. pulegium L. is an effective antibacterial plant that can be used as a new source for antibiotic discovery against bacterial pathogens especially food poisoning pathogens such as S. aureus, B. cereus and also for treatment of P. mirabilis infection. Copyright © 2014 Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.


Salient traits were hypothesized as having importance for the individual in two respects: (i) because they allow more effective inferences to other traits (centrality); (ii) because they are typically used in characterizing the self, and thus afford self-other comparison (self-relevance). The study reported assessed the differences between salient and non-salient traits on measures of centrality and self-relevance, and found support for both hypotheses. Centrality and self-relevance appeared to be relatively distinct features of salient traits, in that the overlap between them was fairly small. Other aspects of the data are also discussed.


High-resolution spectral hole burning (SHB) in coherent nondegenerate differential transmission spectroscopy discloses spin-trion dynamics in an ensemble of negatively charged quantum dots. In the Voigt geometry, stimulated Raman spin coherence gives rise to Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands on top of the trion spectral hole. The prominent feature of an extremely narrow spike at zero detuning arises from spin population pulsation dynamics. These SHB features confirm coherent electron spin dynamics in charged dots, and the linewidths reveal spin spectral diffusion processes.


It has been conducted retrospective analysis of antiarrhythmic drugs efficacy in patients with non-coronarogenic ventricular arrhythmias after performing electrophysiological study and in some patients – radiofrequency catheter ablation, taking into account nosology and the mechanism of arrhythmia, and initial characteristics of heart rate variability.


Chapter 7 describes a few notable policy areas where the EU has successfully influenced global environmental standards through the Brussels Effect. These include the regulation of hazardous substances and electronic waste, the protection of animal welfare, and the mitigation of climate change through an emissions trading system. The Chapter first examines the origins of the pro-environment attitudes in the EU, explaining how the strigent regulations emerged as a result. It then provides examples of both the de facto and de jure Brussels Effect pertaining to these regulatory policies. The discussion reveals how environmental law features some of the strongest examples of the Brussels Effect while also illustrating the limits of the phenomenon.


Land application of sewage sludge is one of the main ways of the sludge disposal,whereas the contained organic contaminants are one of the factors limiting the sewage sludge land application.This paper summarized the concentrations of organic contaminants in urban sewage sludge,and reviewed the advances of related researches.Aiming at China national conditions,it was considered that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the common organic contaminants in urban sewage sludge,with the total content being generally 1-10 mg·kg-1 and in some cases higher than 100 mg·kg-1 due to the complicated sources.In all the sewage sludge samples of our sewage treatment plants,nonyl phenol(NP/NPE) was detected,with the concentration of 1-128 mg·kg-1.Landscaping,afforestation,and soil amelioration could be the main ways of urban sewage sludge disposal in the future,and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nonyl phenol would be the main typical organic contaminants to be considered in realizing the safe and environmentally friendly land application of urban sewage sludge.


This study uses as a case the dilapidated neighbourhood of Lakkos in the city of Heraklion, Crete, Greece, to broaden the conventional view of traveling artists, as creative producers of artistic spaces with tourism potential. Through the use of secondary sources, observations and asynchronous in-depth email interviewing having as a sample 24 travelling artists who voluntary devote their time and effort to an art project outside their original countries, this study found that the traveling artists under study place emphasis on long-term travel schedules that allow them to perform three roles while visiting Lakkos, those of tourists, artists and volunteers. These attributes distinguish them not only from mainstream tourists visiting the city of Heaklion and the island of Crete, but also from cultural, art and creative tourists. The findings of the study are discussed in relation to the methodology of asynchronous email interviewing and the findings of past research.


Objective To study the most common original disease of erythroderma.methods Retrospectively analysed forty case of erythroderma in department of dermatology of affilated hospital of Yanan medical college from 1993to2003.Results Among them patients with psoriasis accounted for 80%.the others included drug allergy and unknow causes.Conclusion Psoriasis was the most common original disease.


An investigation into the production of universal quantifiers with negation in the CHILDES database of Dutch shows several scopal properties that have not been discussed before. First, it shows a crucial distinction between child and adult Dutch. A universal quantifier with scope over negation has an isomorphic interpretation in adult Dutch, but an inverse scope interpretation in child Dutch. This raises the question why children do not adopt the surface scope interpretation. Second, it indicates a possible answer to the puzzle why languages often avoid a universal quantifier under the scope of negation. I will discuss the idea that the explanation may lie in the type of reading of a quantifier, collective/distributive and specific/non-specific. It might also explain why no language has a lexicalized negated universal pronoun *neverything.


Gathering information efficiently from a, possibly fragmented, sensor network presents a serious problem in disaster recovery applications. Unless a transmission control mechanism exists, a sink can be flooded with information sent by sensors, or sensor transmissions may be lost on their way to the sink. Consequently, there is a necessity for a reliable protocol that automatically and speedily adapts to losses, congestion and network changes due to sink mobility. This paper describes RT-SENMOS, a reliable transport protocol for controlling sensor transmissions based on sink-assigned rates. The sink decides how to share the available bandwidth among the sensors and also determines the reliability to be achieved in each case. Our protocol operates on top of UDP/IP, therefore it can be directly integrated into a disaster recovery application that will set its parameters depending on the situation. Moreover, as it is fully sink-controlled, it enables the use of simple and inexpensive fixed sensors, which offload all protocol intelligence to a more expensive but reusable mobile sink. We present the design of the protocol, comparing it with similar approaches, and evaluate its performance using a real implementation.


The Distributed Version Storage Server (DVSS) provides an underlying storage mechsniim for a CAD-oriented data model. DVSS supports such project management features as version histories. alternate data versions, and multi-reader multi-writer access control in a heterogeneous network of workstations and fileservers. Each design object is managed as a rooted directed acyclic graph @AG) of versions. At any time, one path in an object's DAG is designated as its principal path; the current version in the principal path is the current version of the object. Other paths contain alternate versions of the object. Updates to any version path must be seriali&le. but derivation of alternate versions is not subject to this constraint. Clients interact with DVSS using the checkoutlcheckin paradigm. Each object has a primary site, which synchroniis actions on the object Group operations requiring multiple locks follow a deadlock avoidance scheme. DVSS is robust in that it supports multi-reader and multi-writer data access in the presence of failures. Traditional data replication supports continued read access. Write-write conflicts resulting from continued write access during network partition are resolved at recovery time by creation of altemate versions. The cost of resolution is minimized by employing a unilaterally computable algoritiun at each site.


Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the perspectives of the
citizens ranking last in COVID-19 vaccination groups towards the
vaccination process. Materials and Methods: In-depth interviews were
made with the participants using video conferencing method. Twenty-eight
video conferencing interviews were conducted with citizens who ranked
last in the vaccination groups. With the permission of the participants,
audio recording was obtained in all interviews, transcribed verbatim and
checked. Thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Data were
collected until saturated. Results: Findings were summarized into three
main categories. The first was "Satisfaction." Participants expressed
their satisfaction about process management, home vaccinations and
continuous information. The second theme was "Dissatisfaction." Some
participants expressed their dissatisfaction with the prioritization of
elderly people in vaccination and late vaccination of actively working
individuals. The third theme was "Reservations." Participants stated
that they have reservations regarding possible complacency in the
society after vaccination and delay in vaccination of non-prioritized
groups. In general, participants stated that they were satisfied with
the supply of vaccines and applications. However, active working
individuals think that they should have priority over the elderly in
vaccination. Conclusion: To ensure full compliance with the vaccine
administration, it is necessary to enlighten all individuals, especially
those ranking last in the vaccination groups, about the prioritization
process and which variables are given importance.


THE overwhelming majority of climate scientists hold that humanity is facing the prospect of severe climate change and the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) contain some stark warnings. In the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report, the 'best estimate' of the increase in global mean temperatures in the period between 1980–1999 and 2080–2099 ranged from 1.8°C (B1 scenario) and 4.0°C (A1F1 scenario). If we consider the 'likely range' of temperature increases in this period, we see that the figures range from between a 1.1°C increase (B1) and 6.4°C increase (A1F1). These changes—and the sea level rises and severe weather events associated with climate change—will have disastrous effects on human and non-human life. One can distinguish between two ways of thinking about climate justice. One starts by focusing on how the burden of combating the problem should be shared fairly among the duty-bearers. An agent's responsibility, then, is to do her fair share. Its concern is with what I shall term Burden-Sharing Justice. A number of principles of burden-sharing justice have been proposed and assessed. Three, in particular, have been suggested—the principle that those who have caused the problem should bear the burden; the principle that those who have the ability to


Abstract.
 Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren, are an invasive species that has infested more than 145 million hectares in the southern United States. Management of this insect pest often relies on the use of food lures and granular bait insecticides. This experiment was conducted to determine the response of red imported fire ant workers when a food lure was placed on the center of a mound or 0.3, 0.9, and 1.8 m from a mound. Percentage of foraging worker ants after 60 minutes of exposure to the food lure was 31.7 to 36.0 at the mound center, 24.5 to 22.3 at 0.3 m, 19.6 to 21.4 at 0.9 m, and 24.2 to 20.4 at 1.8 m. These results demonstrate that red imported fire ants forage on top of their mounds. These data should help convince insecticide manufacturers to allow placement of granular baits on top of nondisturbed mounds in addition to scattering bait around the mound.


The efficient numerical simulation of the curvature-driven motion of interfaces is an important tool in several free- boundary problems. We treat the case of an interface which is given as a graph. The highly non-linear problem is discretized in space by piecewise linear finite elements. Although the problem is not in divergence form it can be written in a variational form which allows the use of the modern adaptive techniques of finite elements. The time discretization is carried out in a semiimplicit way such that in every time step a linear system with symmetric positive matrix has to be solved. Optimal error estimates are proved for the fully discrete problem under the assumption that the time-step size is bounded by the spatial grid size.


Polypeptides consist of three types of backbone bonds that are distinguished by the degree to which their dihedral rotation is hindered. We discuss the effect of this inhomogeneous rotational restriction on the stretching response as measurable by single-molecule force spectroscopic experiments. The ab initio-derived molecular backbone structure yields geometric input parameters. For the cases where one or two out of three bonds are rotationally frozen, which are two extreme cases of the actual peptidic backbone statistics, we derive analytic and numerical results and show that the Kuhn and persistence lengths are substantially increased. A simple explicit formula is derived that accurately describes the extension over the entire force range.


Flow visualization is perhaps the oldest investigative tool in fluid mechanics and hydraulics. Remarkable insights into fluid flow, such as those made by Leonardo da Vinci, were obtained over time using this straightforward method. The advent of the digital revolution in modern times transformed these essentially qualitative techniques to strong quantitative ones. Among the distinctive advantages of flow visualization over the other experimental approaches is that they are essentially nonintrusive. In recent years, twoor three-dimensional vector and associated scalar-flow quantities have become available through continued and sophisticated technological development. Currently, the modern flow visualization instruments gain continuously spatial and temporal capabilities such that they are increasingly complementing the data obtained by Computational Fluid Dynamics ~CFD!, another offspring of the digital revolution. The rapid, intensive, and extensive evolution of the flow visualization techniques in past decades, did not allow fast assimilation of the techniques in current laboratory practice. The need of evaluation, validation, and dissemination of the benefits of these techniques was continuously felt during these decades. From this respect, the publication of this book is valuable and timely. The book consists of twelve chapters covering a large range of flow visualization techniques including new methods not widely covered in the technical literature ~e.g., molecular tagging velocimetry, thermo-chromic liquid crystals, threeand four-dimensional ~inclusive of time! imaging!. The contributing authors are leading scientific authorities with extensive expertise in the presented techniques. Chapter 1 familiarizes the reader with the interpretation of flow patterns with a strong emphasis on the significance of the critical points. The relationships between tensor invariants and streamline patterns are explained in detail using comprehensive illustrations and theoretical derivations. It is also shown that a combination of invariants can be used to detect local vortices from the three-dimensional velocity information obtained by CFD. Chapter 2 discusses the well-known hydrogen bubble technique, initially developed for visualizing organized turbulent structures in turbulent boundary layers. The configuration of the bubble-generating systems, probes, lighting procedures, and the limitations of the method are briefly described. Chapter 3 describes another traditional experimental approach, namely visualization using dye and smoke. The use of the technique is separately described in accordance with the working fluid used in the experiments, i.e., water or air. Special attention is given to the capturing of the visualized information. Chapters 4 and 5 treat two newer techniques based on laser light interaction with atoms or molecules contained in the flows. Chapter 4, dealing with Molecular Tagging Velocimetry ~MTV!, first introduces the reader to the particularities of the photochromic materials. Similarly, Chapter 5 familiarizes the reader with the underlying principles of the planar-laser imaging. LaserInduced Fluorescence ~LIF! and Planar-Doppler Velocimetry ~PDV! are subsequently described in this chapter. Results obtained with the above mentioned methods are illustrated in the last parts of Chapters 4 and 5. Chapter 6 describes Digital Particle-Image Velocimetry ~DPIV!, one of the most innovative flow diagnostic technologies in contemporary fluid mechanics. Following a brief description of the measurement principle involved, post-processing methods, and a valuable section on the sources of errors associated with DPIV measurements are presented. Given the widespread use of the DPIV, even for largescale flows, such as Fig. 1 shows for a river cross section, the application section of this chapter could have been more generous. Chapters 7 and 8 are associated with surface measurement technologies. These methods have evolved considerably in recent years. Surface temperature sensing techniques using thermochromic Liquid Crystals ~LCs! are concisely described in Chapter 7. Examples of LC application to boundary layer heat transfer processes are illustrated at the end of the chapter. Surface pressure and surface shear stress measurements made with the aid of a special coating technology are detailed in Chapter 8. Pressuresensitive paint ~PSP!, shear-sensitive liquid crystal coating ~SSLCC!, and Fringe-Imaging Skin-Friction Interferometry ~FISF! are extensively documented. Practical means to achieve proper lighting, calibration, and data reduction methods are described for each of the methods. Well-illustrated examples support the importance of these methods to nonintrusively measure the pressure distribution and shear stresses in practical aerodynamics and experimental fluid mechanics. Chapter 9 introduces the reader to the visualization methods for compressible flows. A comprehensive introduction to basic optical concepts related to the subsequent described techniques makes this chapter selfcontained. Practical configurations and results obtained with Shadowgraph, Schlieren, Interferometers, and Holography are succinctly presented at the end of the chapter. Chapter 10 and 11 concern 3and 4D flow measurement methods. These quite complex techniques are the most recent developments of the experimental methods technologies and continue


In this paper,there are several kinds of methods to measure the parameters of hydraulic boring sys- tem including stress wave,photoelectricity,magnetoelectricity induction,collision and pneumatics.It analyses and compares the systems composition,working theories,precisions and proper situations.


Recently, results have shown that full-duplex (FD) system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is potential for wireless sensor networks. However, extending FD to further improve spectral efficiency by removing cyclic prefix (CP) with optimal canceling self-interference (SI) remains a challenge. In this paper, we analytically study the conventional FD OFDM system and proposed a CP-free system on this basis. The key point of the proposed scheme is the symbols transmitted in a unit of two identical symbols without CP. To eliminate the intersymbol interference, the disturbed part are replaced by the repeated signal at the receiver, which has the same effect as CP. Finally, an SI cancellation is down to restore the transmitted symbols. As a key of analysis, a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FD simulation model is carried to show that our proposed scheme is effectiveness in terms of the bit error ratio (BER).


The invention discloses an externally-used medicament for treating burns and scalds, wherein the formulation of the medicament includes bletilla striata, gypsum fibrosum preparata, garden burnet root, rhubarb horsetails, dragon's blood resin, elephant skin, arborvitae tops, boneol, notoginseng, musk, bee wax and lard oil.


forms, is effected strongly by the spaces between the pieces. The action of the piece comes from the point where the two pieces touch. It is an abstraction in form, of a child kissing his mother when she is ill. He is encouraging her to be strong. In figure 11, mother and child 1, I utilized a curved shape to represent the internal and external form of my mother's sickly body, it contrasts her spoiled body with the love and warmth of her heart. The head is losing its alertness because of the illness. By not giving the head a recognizable face or expression, I avoided the typical characterization which viewers often take habitually. The linear, white piece represents myself as a child. The piece is soft looking but it has a strong character. The son touches his mother on her shoulder. It is an encouraging gesture. The whole piece is about a son encouraging and loving his sick mother.


Conjugated polymer nanoparticles doped with a reverse photochromic dye exhibit highly quenched fluorescence that can be reversibly activated by controlling the form of the photochrome with visible light.


Basic on designing the index system of urbanization comprehensive evaluation of population,economy,infrastructure and landscape,this paper used factor analysis and SPSS13.0,measures comprehensively the urbanization level of 17 prefectures and divided them into 4 different gradient types by cluster analysis in Shandong Province.This paper also discussed the characteristics of urbanization and gave some suggestions of urbanization in Shandong Province.


Despite traditional evidence that lexically-stressed content words are the most common loci of disfluencies in stuttered speech (Natke, et al., 2002; Prins, et al., 1991; Brown 1938), the fact that certain function words—crucially, those directly preceding stressed content words—are also disfluently produced (Au-Yeung, et al., 1998; Howell & Sackin, 2000), suggests that the actual trigger of a disfluency occurs later than the speech perturbation itself. It was hypothesized in this paper that stutterers' disfluencies would be accompanied by more prosodic irregularities prior to the actual disfluency than would non-stutterers' disfluencies, and that the underlying disfluencies would be triggered by metrically prominent material in the phrase. Three stutterers and their age-matched controls were recorded performing a spontaneous narration of a picture book. Results supported the hypothesis that metrically prominent, or pitch-accented, words would attract a higher rate of stuttered disfluencies than would unaccented words. Stutterers also produced a higher percentage of their disfluencies on the nuclei of words than did controls; moreover, these disfluencies attracted pitch accents more often than did those of controls, providing further evidence of anomalous derivative disfluencies surfacing in advance of underlying ones.


The aim of this study was to assess customers' perceptions of and satisfaction with MRO services in Addis Ababa and to explore factors associated with their satisfaction and reasons for visits.


This paper explores the prognostic significance of automatically generated features from biopsies of superficial transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) of urinary bladder in predicting the time interval in which the tumor is more likely to recur. Clinical material comprised 73 patients diagnosed with superficial TCC and followed-up for at least 60 months. Patients' data set was separated into three prognostic groups in respect to time interval in which the tumor may recur. For each case, 40 descriptive quantitative features related to nuclear characteristics were generated. The prognostic value of the estimated features was analyzed by means of a probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifier. To find best vector combination leading to the smallest classification error, an exhaustive search procedure in feature space was utilized. Classifier performance was evaluated by means of the leave-one-out method. Throughout the analysis of the prognostic feature combinations, four features, two describing nuclear texture, and two related to shape distribution of nuclei in the sample, were identified as the important markers for patients' outcome prediction. The overall predictive accuracy was 73%. Intermediate and long-term recurrent cases were identified with an accuracy of 76%. For the short-term group the predictive accuracy was 63%. The detection of recurrences in certain future time seems feasible by analyzing the prognostic information of nuclear features and incorporating the PNN model. The improvement in prognostic ability may be clinically important for patient follow-up, and therapeutic treatment.


A comparative study on Phytoplankton diversity between River Tamiraparani (Vannarpettai site) and a man made freshwater body was carried out. River Tamiraparani is a perennial river in Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu. It is the irreplaceable source of freshwater for Tirunelveli district and neighbouring districts. The man made freshwater body is situated in a village namely Tharapuram, Tirunelveli District. It is the main source of water for domestic use and irrigation. The study has been carried out on identification and comparison of the fresh water Phytoplankton in two different kinds of water bodies. The field trip was carried during January 2012 to June 2012 in the two selected sites. The identification of Phytoplankton was done by standard and reputed manuals. The Phytoplankton composition was constituted by members of Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Phytoplankton diversity was quantified by Shannon Wiener index.


Ball curves were investigated extensively in polynomial spaces and applied in CAD systems. A new kind of Ball basis and curves in space K_n=span{1,t,t~2,\:,t~(n-1),sh t, ch t} are discussed. The basis of space K_n, called H-Ball basis, is constructed based on H-Bezier basis, and then H-Ball curves are defined with this new basis. H-Ball curves inherit wonderful geometric properties of Bezier curves, and furthermore, they could be degree-elevated and degree-reduced rapidly. Shape of curves could be adjusted by changing vertices of control polygon, and forced to approximate to control polygon by changing a shape factor α. H-Ball curves could be applied for curves design and shape modeling in CAD systems and related fields.


The effect on glucose variability in patients with intensive insulin therapy has not been fully understood. This observational study investigated the different glucose variability and hypoglycaemia patterns in type 2 diabetes patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI) with or without metformin administration.


Recent epidemiologic data demonstrate that prenatal factors play a major role in the genesis of brain injury in childhood, e.g., cerebral palsy and mental retardation. Nevertheless, there is extensive experimental, clinical, and neuroimaging data that show that acute, intrapartum hypoxic-ischemic insult is an important factor in the genesis of irreversible brain injury, especially in term newborns. The precise timing of onset of hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury in premature newborns may be more difficult to establish, and postnatal complications (e.g., intraventricular hemorrhage, posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus) undoubtedly play a major role. When the potential deleterious consequences of severe, intrapartum asphyxia are minimized, there is a risk that important opportunities for prevention of newborn cerebral injury may be missed. In this context, new techniques may permit rapid, in vivo delineation of the critical processes involved in newborn hypoxic-ischemic brain injury that are key factors for the development of effective preventive and interventional strategies. MRDD Research Reviews 3:22–27, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Herein, the effect of metal contact doping on the scaled graphene field effect transistor (GFET) is investigated. Different from the traditional semiconductors device, the drain current of GFET is not inversely proportional to the channel length (LCH). The abnormal scaling behavior for drain current in GFETs can be attributed to the modification of channel resistance induced by the penetration of contact metal doping. In addition, the field‐effect mobility (μEF) of long channel GFET trend to saturate with decreasing LCH, which is consistent with the diffusive transport model. As the channel length is further scaled down, the μEF at first increases drastically and then decreases due to the enhanced effect of electrical property of graphene under the metal electrode as well as the contact resistance on the carrier transport of GFET. This study indicates that there will be a trade‐off between scaled channel length and the best performance of GFET. Further efforts should be made to modulate the properties of graphene both in channel and contact region to improve the scaling behavior of GFET.


The purpose of this paper is to study the optimal retirement and consumption/investment decisions of an infinitely lived agent who does not tolerate any decline in his/her consumption throughout his/her lifetime. The agent receives labor income but suffers disutility from working until retirement. The agent's optimization problem combines features of both singular control and optimal stopping. We use the martingale method and study the dual problem, which can be decoupled into a singular control problem and an optimal stopping problem. We provide a closed-form solution of the optimal strategies for the von Neumann–Morgenstern utility function. We show that the coefficient of relative risk aversion implied by the optimal portfolio (i.e., the implied coefficient of relative risk aversion, ICRRA) is a constant value smaller than 1. Moreover, we show that the ICRRA is independent of the agent's felicity utility function and depends only on the subjective discount rate and market parameters.


"Where Are We Now?" is a regular feature of Nursing Diagnosis. As reflected in the title, this feature will present current issues and trends related to nursing diagnosis development, implementation, and evaluation. Specifically, "Where Are We Now?" will address nursing diagnosis as it is being used in practice, research, and education. We encourage you to submit brief manuscripts addressing current issues and trends for this feature. Please correspond with Dr. Elizabeth McFarlane, 10205 Crooked Creek Ct., Fairfax Station, VA 22039.


The influence of temperature and pH on the ageing of piping made from polyamide 11 (PA-11) was studied using water from an oilfield (pH = 5.5) and deionized water (pH = 7.0) with monitoring by corrected inherent viscosity (CIV) measurements. The hydrolytic degradation was more extensive at high temperatures in oilfield water. When the system reaches equilibrium, the pH affects mainly the CIV plateau values. Thermogravimetry, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy measurements were also used to investigate aspects involved in the ageing PA-11. The hydrolytic degradation of PA-11 leads to formation of low molar mass compounds, such as oligomers dispersed in the polymeric matrix. This is a process that occurs preferentially in the amorphous domain of PA-11, which leads to an increase in the degree of crystallinity and the formation of a new γ-phase. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009


Under‐sensing (US) in implantable loop recorders (ILRs) interferes with the accurate diagnosis of arrhythmia, but there is little information available on the details of US of ILRs. The aim of this study was to clarify the frequency of US in patients with ILRs and to investigate the predictors of US in ILRs prior to implantation.


Aiming at realizing the automotive's vibration reduction capability to be non-adjustable to varying road conditions and the comfortableness of the drivers and passengers,a new smart material namely magneto-rheological elastomer(MRE) was attempted for the automotive vibration reduction system.A simulation model was created based on Matlab Simulink software and a test rig was also developed.The model was used to calculate the equivalent stiffness and damping properties of the system under different magnetic field strength.Further on,the vibration reduction effect of the system was studied through both simulation analysis and experimental verification.The study result shows that it is effective to apply MRE for automotive vibration reduction and the effect of such a vibration reduction system can be adjusted.


The 18th CPC National Congress stresses the demand of comprehensively promoting great new project of party building with the spirits of innovation,whereby to fully enhance the level of party construction.Colleges undertake the important mission of implementing developing the nation through science and education,as well as invigorating the nation through talent training,so building colleges' long acting mechanism constitutes an institutional safeguard for enhancing its striving for excellence.It behooves us to strengthen party organization construction at the grassroots level,to make great efforts to build the fundamental project of long acting mechanism-learning typed party organization construction,and to carry forward teacher's professional ethics with the help of excellent party spirits.


The results of detailed level-by-level calculations of Auger and radiative cascades after K-vacancy production are presented for the astrophysically important elements, namely Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Ar. Calculations are performed using the single-configuration, quasi-relativistic approximation. The whole isonuclear sequence of ions for a given element is considered. For the first time, the dependence of the cascade on the initial vacancy state is investigated. The populations are presented not only for the levels of the final configurations, but also for the levels of the excited configurations after the Auger transitions. An intense characteristic emission can be observed from such levels.


Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of team learning activities and cooperative self-efficacy perceived by pre-service teachers on learning performance and to empirically verify the mediating effects of cooperative self-efficacy in the relationship between team learning activities and learning performance.
Methods For this purpose, 324 pre-service teachers attending the National University of Education in G city, Gyeongsangnam-do were selected as research subjects. The team learning activities were selected as independent variables, cooperative self-efficacy as mediator variables, learning flow and satisfaction as dependent variables. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS program to verify reliability, correlation and multiple regression analysis.
Results There was a significant positive relationship between team learning activities, cooperative self-efficacy, and learning performance perceived by the preliminary teachers, and team learning activities and cooperative self-efficacy had a positive effect on learning performance. In addition, cooperative self-efficacy in the relationship between team learning activities and learning performance has a significant effect as a partial mediating variable.
Conclusions In order to improve the quality of university classes, various measures should be considered to improve learning performance. In order for learners to feel immersed in learning and satisfied with the class, the method of the class should strengthen team learning activities in individual learning, and learners should actively promote cooperative self-efficacy that can share and evaluate team opinions in team learning activities.


A float bed type water purifying biological reactor belonging to water treatment field provides a novel method for improving water quality of polluted water body, which comprises a float bed, a planting pot and a fixing device and is characterized in that: the float bed which comprises a float rack, a netting and hydrophilic cloth can increase oxygen supply of plant root and except for planting aquatic plant, is particularly suitable for planting non-aquatic plant; the planting pot is provided with a pot ear and a card with fixing function to realize simple and easy operation during planting and picking. The utility model is suitable for water quality improvement and water environment treatment of polluted water bodies such as lake, reservoir and river and can quickly remove pollutant in water body and improves self-purification capability of water body, thereby being a novel device for water treatment with simple structure, convenient and quick operation, low cost, high efficiency and capable of realizing resource recovery and industrialization; meanwhile, the utility model possesses multifunction such as purification of polluted water body, alga blocking and inhibition, wave dissipation, landscape beautifying and ecologic restoration etc.


In this article, we show how Laplace Transform may be used to evaluate variety of nontrivial improper integrals, including Probability and Fresnel integrals. The algorithm we have developed here to evaluate Probability, Fresnel and other similar integrals seems to be new. This method transforms the evaluation of certain improper integrals into evaluation of improper integrals of the corresponding Laplace transform, which in many cases are much easier.


We report the synthesis of excellently soluble functionalized organosilicon micronetworks (F-networks) in the size range 5 nm < R 5 20 nm with spatially confined reaction sites. Although such structures are quite uniform in size, they do not exhibit the unique size distribution of dendritic structures, but are easily accessible by a simple "one pot" reaction.


Two novel structures to produce negative resistance for general purpose use in microwave circuits are presented. The first structure produces high value negative resistance over a narrow band. The second negative resistance structure operates over a decade band. This structure with some alteration, may also be used as a "Negative Capacitance" over a very wide frequency range.


The increasing interest in foreign language education for promoting self-regulated learning (SRL) needs special consideration at teachers' level. In order to equip higher education learners with self-regulated learning strategies, teachers need to adapt a support system where learners are provided autonomy and responsibility in their learning process. Since SRL is rather a complex process with multiple inter-related factors, learners need to be given systematic and continuous guidance by teachers. Considering the key role that teachers have in language teaching, the study attempts to identify foreign language teachers' opinions about the importance and the level of use of self-regulated language learning strategies in their classes while identifying the major impediments in its promotion. The qualitative data was gathered via semistructured interviews with twenty English instructors teaching at school of foreign languages at a state university. The results of the analyses revealed that promotion of SRL strategies remained at very low levels with limited number of methods applied. The findings highlight the need to incorporate methods of SRL instruction at both in-service and pre-service teacher education on the way to promote self-regulated autonomous language learners.


Thank you for reading phonics in proper perspective. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this phonics in proper perspective, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful bugs inside their computer. phonics in proper perspective is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the phonics in proper perspective is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats of developing the maritime culture industry in Shanghai were systematically analyzed and some suggestions were made on how to develop maritime culture industry.


The main sources of space debris in space orbit, ways and means to minimize the near-Earth space pollution. It is shown that the main ways to combat space Muso-set is to prevent the emergence of a new and deleting already-established th. Define methods and means of O spacecraft from working orbits of the expiration of the term of active existence, the known methods and B tem of active removal of space debris larger. As wasps basic principles remove large objects from near-Earth space, is considered to manage their erection in the dense layers of the at-mosphere through the use of a special spacecraft - cosmic-ray clean sweep, which includes the propulsion system. You are a full assessment of the capabilities of carrier rockets, which can be applied to us, the withdrawal of these garbage trucks into the desired orbit.


AbstractIrrigation of crops using water from the Savili and Mogtedo reservoirs in Burkina Faso provides an opportunity to increase rural incomes. In order to ensure the sustainability and improveme...


Environmental decision-making is a field where justice claims are made and justice discourse articulated. This article examines and assesses the notion of environmental justice in China. It begins by reviewing literature on the dimensions of environmental injustice claims, considering both academic discussions and articulations by environmental justice movements. The paper then assesses the dimensions of recognition, participation, and procedural justice in China's environmental decision-making, treating them as processes and sites through which claims of injustice are generated. The case of Beijing inhabitants mobilising against an incineration plant planned for the Liulitun area is described and analysed to illustrate the justice discourse developed in the environmental decision-making process, which saw a dynamic emerge between stakeholders who included local inhabitants, the media, and different government departments. The article concludes with an outline of the main dimensions of environmental injustice in China, noting their causes and implications for China's politics.


Procedures to increase the success of achieving a clinical pregnancy include implanting multiple embryos; however, this has had many unforeseen risks. The risk of spontaneous pregnancy loss is 25% for quadruplets, 15% for triplets, and 8% for twins. Moreover, multifetal pregnancies increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality [3]. Maternal risks of multifetal pregnancies include hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and postpartum hemorrhage. Implementing multifetal pregnancy reduction during assisted reproduction technologies when three or more fetuses are present has become a common practice.


Reciprocal transplant experiments were completed to test for selection against the mixing of behavioural phenotypes in a desert spider. Most Agelenopsis aperta populations experience low prey abundances and competition for web‐sites that provide shelter from thermal extremes. These conditions favour aggressiveness towards both prey and conspecifics (an 'arid‐land behavioural phenotype'). The spider also occupies narrow stretches of riparian habitat bordering spring‐fed streams and rivers. Here it is released from competition for prey and foraging sites, but is subject to predation by birds. A less aggressive/more fearful behaviour is selected for in these riparian habitats (a 'riparian behavioural phenotype'). Previous work with this spider indicates that there is genetic differentiation between arid‐land and riparian populations. However, the degree to which genetic differentiation is achieved may be limited by gene flow. Reciprocal sets of enclosures were established in: (1) a dry evergreen woodland site (arid‐land phenotype) and (2) a neighbouring riparian site (riparian phenotype) in south‐eastern Arizona. Equal numbers of field collected, early instar A. aperta were introduced into native and transplant enclosures in each habitat. After 6 months of site‐imposed selection, survivorship was determined and growth estimates and behavioural trials completed on spiders remaining in the different enclosures. The same behavioural test was subsequently applied to lab‐reared offspring of the spiders surviving the respective selection regimes.


This paper presents a possible military application of fuzzy sets. The multi-criteria decision-making approach in a fuzzy environment is applied in the selection of missile systems under conditions often present in military activities. The basic theoretical concepts of fuzzy sets, of interest for the decision making problem solution in the presence of uncertain information, are considered. The selection method is described. As an illustration, a numerical example of a missile system selection is given. The features of the method are given, as well as directions for further work.


The effectiveness of the electronic parameter was evaluated in order to predict the mechanical properties of zinc system alloys for high temperature application. Firstly, the relation of ultimate tensile strength or elongation and s-orbital energy level (Δ Mk) of already reported Zn system multicomponent alloys were investigated. According to this relation, the lead-free Zn-Al-Sn system alloys have been proposed in order to satisfy both the tensile strength of 200 MPa and elongation of 5 %. Promising compositions of alloys were Zn-4Al-7Sn, Zn-10Al-0.5Sn and Zn-10Al-2Sn in mass % and their Δ Mk values were 0.079, 0.080 and 0.089, respectively. Proposed alloys showed tensile strength of 195-225 MPa depending on increment of Δ Mk values, and elongation of 4.5-5.1 %. The optimization of compositions on Zn alloys was found to be speedy and precisely achieved using the Δ Mk parameter. The proposed alloys also showed liquidus temperatures of 645-700K, indicating that the high temperature lead-free solders can be applied for power semiconductor devices packages, etc. In addition, the contact angles between Cu plate and the proposed alloys Zn-4Al-7Sn, Zn-10Al-0.5Sn and Zn-10Al-2Sn at 973 K in the Ar stream are 33.8°, 73.5°and 50.1°, respectively.


This study sought to investigate teachers' perceptions about the use of alternative assessment in the virtual classroom. The population selected for this cross-sectional survey was teachers from five (5) schools in Trinidad and Tobago. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants and the instrument used was a questionnaire comprising closed and open-ended items. The findings revealed that teachers are aware of alternative assessment and they utilized some alternative assessment strategies during the pandemic. Teachers acknowledged the need for them to develop additional competencies and be provided with the necessary resources to effectively utilize alternative assessment. They suggested that more professional development workshops should be conducted in schools and that teacher training institutions consider revising their approach to the teaching of student assessment. Further research should be conducted to determine if alternative assessment is being used as face-to-face/in person teaching has resumed.


When on duty and patroling,the policing community police of the frontier police station at China- Burma border seized unidentified cash RMB200000.Carrying out the analysis of the legal principle on the special case,we have four kinds of settlements,and should start from the angle of laws and rationality,and deal with it under the frame of the current laws.It is suitable to be regarded as unidentified property by the court.


Two species of Hydraena K.UG12LANN (Coleoptera: Hydraenidac) are recorded from Yonaguni-jima (Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan): Hydraena cf. sauteri and Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) yonagnniensis sp.n. The new species is related closely to //. iriomotensis JACII & DiAZ from Iriomote-jima (Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan) and H. orchis JACII & DiAZ from Lanyu Island (Taiwan).


. We defined numbers of the form p · a 2 as SP numbers (Square-Prime numbers) ( a 6 = 1, p prime) in [1] along with proofs on their distribution. Some examples of SP Numbers : 75 = 3 · 25; 108 = 3 · 36; 45 = 5 · 9. These numbers are listed in the OEIS as A228056 [2]. In this paper, we will prove a few algebraic theorems and generalize the definition of SP Numbers to allow factors of arbitrary natural number powers.


Anomalies of the bronchial tree may cause recurrent acute pulmonary infection and persistent obstruction symptoms. The developmental anomalies of the bronchial tree were presented mostly as case reports with an accompanying anomaly. However i n this study, these anomalies were detected in multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) images which have no reported patholo gy. Thoracic MDCT images of 400 patients (0-74 years old, 224 male and 176 female) were evaluated. Four tracheal bronchus (1%) were detected. Three of them were displaced type, one of them was pig bronchus. And two accessory cardiac bronchus (0,5%) originated from medial wall of the intermediate bronchus were detected. According to our findings, incidence of tracheal bronchus and accessory c rdiac bronchus seems to be higher in Turkish population.


in which ], g, h u n d p depend only on the arguments explicitly displuyed, and the dots denote differentiution with respect to t. I t will be assumed throughout what follows tha t h'(x), g(x, y) and p(t, x, y, z) are continuous in their respective arguments und tha t 3g/~x (x, y) , ~]/~x (x, y, z) and ~]/~z (x, y, z) exist and are continuous for all x, y und z. The problem of interest here is to investigate conditions under which all solutions of (1.1) are bounded or tend to zero as t -+ c~. This problem has received consideruble a t tent ion from ~ number of authors (EzEILO [1], HA~OW [3], R~ISSI~G [4], TEJU~LOA [5]) for various special cases of (1.1). The object of the present note is to extend these e~rlier results to equations of the form (1.1). Our stabil i ty result which is mot iva ted by EzEILO'S result [1; Theorem 1] is as follows.


Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork at a Midwest nonprofit organization, this project considers how a "housing first" approach to homelessness operates in practice. I show how formal implementation of diagnostic tools and prioritized categories reinforces normative beliefs about gender and vulnerability, which shape providers' understandings about what people have legitimate claims to social support—or who, in other words, are the "truly vulnerable" homeless. I demonstrate that this convergence of organizational mandates and cultural expectations produces a mutually reinforcing process that guides and constrains case management. Through this, three housing eligibility trajectories arise: accessible, guided, and blocked pathways. Although this system benefits many individuals, it produces barriers to support for those deemed ineligible, leaving many in an indefinite state of services limbo. In effect, this system has produced a climate where merely being homeless is no longer enough to be considered sufficiently vulnerable for receiving housing.


Foliar uptake into eleven plant species, grown under controlled environment, has been determined for spray deposits of glyphosate, 2, 4-D and prochloraz applied as solutions in aqueous solvents in the presence and absence of an ethoxylated nonylphenol surfactant. Over 24 h, uptake of glyphosate did not exceed 6% of applied chemical into any species whereas uptake of 2, 4-D and prochloraz differed between species and was modified significantly by the addition of surfactant. Uptake of prochloraz was increased consistently by adding surfactant, but the response of 2, 4-D was variable. Increased uptake was attributed mainly to surfactant-enhanced wetting of the leaf surfaces. Uptake of prochloraz per unit wetted area increased in the presence of surfactant but that of 2, 4-D decreased. Uptake of either chemical did not correlate with the presence of specialised leaf surface structures, cuticular morphology or distribution of the chemicals within the dried deposits. The dried chemicals were distributed either uniformly or as annuli as a result of complex interactions between the active ingredient, surfactant and the leaf surfaces. Regression analysis indicated that the epicuticular wax and cuticular membrane were the major sinks for both 2, 4-D and prochloraz during the 24-h period.


The sum of organic peroxy radicals (ΣRiO2) and HO2 was measured with a dualchannel PEroxy Radical Chemical Amplifier (PERCA) deployed on an aircraft platform (the NERC/UKMO BAe 146-300) during the Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and Precursors (ITOP) campaign held in July/August 2004 based on Faial, Azores. Peroxy radicals are key intermediates and chain carriers in the gas phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds, and owing to their short lifetime give an indication of in-situ photochemical ozone production.


Based on the frequency spectrum of pressure fluctuation of gas-solid two-phase flow and tube cross-section image reconstruction algorithm, as well as improved code with fluctation-tomography fuzzy discriminant analysis, uniform flow and stratified flow and the flow at which blockage of tube might happen were effectively detected by some experiments. These tomographic results demonstrate,that it is feasible to detect the flow pattern in horizontal tube by use of pressure fluctuation spectrum signature and tube cross-section image reconstruction algorithm with fluctuation-tomography fuzzy discriminant analysis.


This paper investigates the Gen Z counter-demographic of the religious nones on college and university campuses by focusing on BIPOC students and the stories that they tell about why they actively engage in evangelical campus ministries during their college years. This is carried out by being attentive to the racially segregated campus ministry context and the preponderance of "white spaces" in colleges and universities, including in campus ministries. Data for this study come from the Landscape Study of Chaplaincy and Campus Ministry (LSCCM 2019–2022) in the United States. Like other students in campus ministries, we find that BIPOC students who are "churched" with a Christian upbringing seek out campus ministries that function as a "home away from home", where they can find authentic belonging—genuine connections and acceptance among like-minded Christians. For BIPOC students, however, this search for authentic belonging included a search for a campus ministry where they could be "safe and seen" for both their ethnoracial and Christian selves.


Background: Inflammation plays a central role in COPD and lung cancer carcinogenesis. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) reduce inflammation. We investigated whether ICS use are associated with a lower risk of lung cancer. Material and Methods: Data from the Nord-Trondelag Health Study (HUNT2 Survey, 1995-1997) were merged with The Cancer Registry of Norway and Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Of 65215 participants, those with chronic airway inflammation, defined by FEV1% Results: Among ICS users (N=1095) we found a higher, but not significant, incidence of lung cancer N=39 (3.6%), compared to non-users (N=1946) with N=65 (3.3%) cases. Age and smoking was associated with a higher risk, while sex and lung function was not. After adjusting for confounders, ICS use did not change the risk of lung cancer, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.968, (95% CI, 0.608–1.540) and p-value 0.890. Conclusion: ICS use are not associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in our population.


Building on previous results on the quadratic helicity in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) we investigate particular minimum helicity states. These are eigenfunctions of the curl operator and are shown to constitute solutions of the quasi-stationary incompressible ideal MHD equations. We then show that these states have indeed minimum quadratic helicity.


Modern dominant processor architectures that emphasize high single-thread performance and deep memory hierarchy mismatch the needs of emerging scale-out workloads. Understanding these inefficiencies, especially inefficiencies in memory systems is important for high efficient architecture design. In this paper, we evaluate the memory performance of emerging scale-out applications using a newly proposed memory metric, C-AMAT. We find that scale-out applications suffer more from current memory hierarchy compared to traditional server workloads and desktop benchmarks, especially in terms of memory access concurrency in L1 data cache and L2 cache. Suggestions are provided to improve their memory performance , including adopting designs like multi-port, multi-banked cache, setting appropriate number of MSHRs and applying advanced data prefetchers.


We show enhanced directional emission from nanocrystal quantum dots positioned at the center of a circular plasmonic lens. A collimation with a divergence of only ~ 4° FWHM is achieved, a spectrally broad bandwidth.


: The development of green Buchwald − Hartwig aminations has long been considered challenging, due to the high sensitivity of the reaction to the environment. Here we show that food-grade and waste vegetable oils, triglycerides originating from animals, and natural waxes can serve as excellent green solvents for Buchwald − Hartwig amination. We further demonstrate that amphiphiles and trace ingredients present in triglycerides as additives have a decisive e ff ect on the yields of Buchwald − Hartwig aminations.


. The results of the analysis of long-term data on the spatial distribution of fish in the large shallow lake-river system of Western Siberia indicate their high seasonal migratory activity. The direction of fish movement to spawning areas is oriented along the desalination gradient in spring. During the feeding season, different species of fish congregate on spatially separated places of the lake, occupying different ecological niches. In winter, the lake's fish complex is localized at the deepest pools, it allows to survive under increasing of ice thickness and hypoxia condition. The high migratory activity of fish in the lake complex provides optimal using of the water area in seasonal fluctuation of hydrochemical parameters.


An adjustable shear stress straight flume commonly used to measure cohesive sediment erosion rates has been modified to include downstream bed load traps. The new flume can be used not only to measure erosion rates, but also to analyze and quantify the modes of transport for this complex problem. The new device was used to study transport modes of quartz particles ranging in size from 19 to 1,250 μm . As expected, the traps captured the coarse material (bed load) and the fine material bypassed the traps (suspended load). Transport properties of natural sediments from three locations were also studied. Fine sediments with little or no sand eroded as aggregates which maintained their integrity in the flume channel while moving as bed load into the traps. Natural sediments that included high percentage of sand also eroded as aggregates. However, these aggregates quickly disaggregated. Sand moved as bed load and fell into the traps while fine particles moved predominately in suspension.


We have developed the teleradiology network system with a new information security solution that provided with web medical image conference system. In the teleradiology network system, the security of information network is very important subjects. We are studying the secret sharing scheme as a method safely to store or to transmit the confidential medical information used with the teleradiology network system. The confidential medical information is exposed to the risk of the damage and intercept. Secret sharing scheme is a method of dividing the confidential medical information into two or more tallies. Individual medical information cannot be decoded by using one tally at all. Our method has the function of RAID. With RAID technology, if there is a failure in a single tally, there is redundant data already copied to other tally. Confidential information is preserved at an individual Data Center connected through internet because individual medical information cannot be decoded by using one tally at all. Therefore, even if one of the Data Centers is struck and information is damaged, the confidential medical information can be decoded by using the tallies preserved at the data center to which it escapes damage. We can safely share the screen of workstation to which the medical image of Data Center is displayed from two or more web conference terminals at the same time. Moreover, Real time biometric face authentication system is connected with Data Center. Real time biometric face authentication system analyzes the feature of the face image of which it takes a picture in 20 seconds with the camera and defends the safety of the medical information. We propose a new information transmission method and a new information storage method with a new information security solution.


Inflammation of the skin has always been recognized as possessing a certain latent potential for malignancy. Thus the evolution of lymphoma, leukemia, Kaposi's sarcoma' and myeloma in patients with inflammatory skin disease has been repeatedly documented (I, 2). More recently the existence of certain chronic lymphocytic inflammatory states in the skin have been noted as possessing certain common features: lymphocytic proliferation, chronic course, response to x-ray and occasionally to penicillin and the potentiality for developing lymphoma despite varying morphologic clinical features that could include papules, nodules, plaques, atrophic macules, or erythroderma (3). This correlation has created a strong unifying concept which implies that delayed hypersensitivity reactions which are chronic and persistent produce proliferative changes and that malignancy is a natural consequence. The occurrence of lymphoma in the mice undergoing graft-host reaction studied by Schwartz (4) is


A novel nanopolymeric composite powdered material was prepared by physical immobilization of the sol-gel prepared zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) into poly (acrylonitrile- co-pyrrole) (poly (AN-co-py)) copolymer. The prepared copolymer composite was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transfer infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR). SEM images investigated its homogeneous spherical morphological structure with an average diameter of 60 nm. The potential of this nanopolymeric composite material to remove a basic dye (Basic Red 46) was evaluated in a batch process. The improvement in material dosage, solution pH, and temperature has positive impact on the dye decolonization process. The maximum dye decolonization was 87.7% that recorded using 0.5 g from the composite matrix within 150 min. The kinetic data analysis indicated that the dye adsorption is a second-order process. The results indicated that the prepared nanopolymeric composite could be an alternative for more costly adsorbents used for dye removal.


This paper presents the design of an E-band power amplifier for high speed point-to-point communications (81-86 GHz). A four stage common emitter amplifier is designed and fabricated in a SiGe:C technology featuring 200-GHz fT heterojunction bipolar transistors. Two modules are combined using an on-chip power combiner which results in a measured saturated output power of 19.2 dBm and an output referred 1-dB compression point of 17dBm. Measurement results show a small-signal gain and a peak power-added efficiency of 28dB and 11% respectively. The PA demonstrates a figure-of-merit of 46dB which is amongst the highest reported in this frequency range. The on-chip power combiner which is separately fabricated and characterized shows a highly balanced performance with a maximum amplitude imbalance of 0.15dB across 80-90 GHz and a phase imbalance of 2 degrees across 70-90 GHz.


Section 404 of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act and Auditing Standard No. 2 (PCAOB 2004) require management and the auditor to report on internal controls over financial reporting. Section 404 is arguably th...


In the composite semiconductor device can be turned off with a GTO thyristor of a (e.g., a reverse conducting GTO thyristor), direct pressure contact can be achieved. This is achieved by not only the semiconductor chip (2) flatness and concentricity and a pressure contact piece (1,3) with pressure contact pieces (1,3) of the pressure surface of the proposed specific requirements achieved.


Objective: the aim of this study was determination of antibiotic resistance profile, investigation of class I and II integrons among Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates from urinary tract infections. This study was conducted for the investigation of the prevalence of class I and II Integrons among E. coli Isolates from urinary tract infections. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 E. coli clinical isolates were collected from urinary tract infections in Borujerd city, Iran, from… to …. All the isolates were identified with standard laboratory procedures as described everywhere. The antibiotic susceptibility profile was conducted against adopted antibiotic disks following CLSI 2016 guidelines. All the isolates were enrolled in the PCR technique for the presence of class I and II integrons. Results: the highest resistance was against amoxicillin (72%), ciprofloxacin (69%), nalidixic acid (55%) and tetracycline (51%). The prevalence of class I and II integrons was 31% and 21%, respectively. A significant relation was observed between resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (p<0.001), nalidixic acid (p<0.01) and tetracycline (p<0.005) with the presence of class I integron. The rate of class I integron in the E. coli isolates was high, possibly playing a role in the spread of multidrug resistant isolates. Conclusion: considering the significant relation observed between the presence of class I integron among multidrug-resistant isolates, establishment implementation of proper procedures to control and suitable treatment strategies in hospitals seems essential for the prevention of more spread of these isolates.


The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Higher Education is considered a pre-requisite for adaptation to the European Higher Education Area. The objective is to assess the didactic possibilities of these resources in attaining the objectives sought. Pedagogical reflection about ICT should focus on how these resources can benefit students, what they represent in the curriculum, and what learning, competencies, attitudes, etc. they can foster in students, without losing sight of the kind of citizens and professionals that our present society demands. To make this change successfully, it is necessary to satisfy the training demands of the lecturers. The research is characterized by being a descriptive study based on interviews of lecturers, whether employed by the government or under contract, belonging to the various areas of specialty of the Universidad de Salamanca. Among the competences that the lecturers believed to be determinant in the European Higher Education Space, they consider that it is important to become familiar with new programs to help them with their subjects, to know how to create web sites, and to know how to use virtual environments. On the other hand, they stress the importance of being able to link the use of ICT to educational practice.


As junior doctors, however, we question the plausibility of suggesting that a correlation exists between time spent studying rare diseases in medical school and being able to accurately diagnose them in clinical practice. Clinicians develop their diagnostic skills through clinical experience, and one would assume that referrals would be made to the relevant specialty when the clinical picture is unclear following appropriate investigation. Moreover, what would be the number needed to teach in order to prevent one misdiagnosis of


Sixteen cases, 5 males and 11 females, of hyperplastic gums resulting from aleviatin administration were histologically studied, and the pathogenesis of the gingival hyperplasia was discussed. The histological examination revealed much identity to the previous observations. However, the authors could not derermine whether in the beginning state of the gingival enlargement the inflammatory cell infiltration occurred or not.


Cow Green is a new reservoir situated in Pennine moorland. It has an area of 312 ha, a capacity of 40 . 9 x 10 SUP-6 m SUP-3 and a maximum depth of 22 . 8 m. The function of the reservoir is to regulate flow in the River Tees to provide industrial Teesside with sufficient water during the dry spells. Invertebrate studies were carried out in the Tees to monitor changes resulting from the construction of the reservoir both in the flooded basin and below the dam. The overall effect of the reservoir on the Tees has been to increase the numbers and biomass of certain taxa, but generally not at the expense of previous fauna. Some of the positive effects, ie. increase in number and biomass, and maintenance of faunal diversity, may in part be attributable to the presence of the rapids and waterfall. Turbulence resulting from this rapid flow over heterogeneous bottom is sufficient to prevent clogging of interstitial spaces by silt and to maintain the variety of ecological niches necessary for a diverse fauna.


BATH A-ND BRISTOL BRAN'CH: BATH DIVISION. TILE annual meeting of this Division was held in Bath on June Sth, Dr. CAVE in the chair. Confirmaticn of Minutes.-The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed. Election of Officers.-The following officers were elected for the ensuing year:-Chairman: Mr. C. Curd. Vice-Chairman: Dr. Field. Honorary Secretary and Treasurer: Dr. MIcDonogh Ellis. Branch Council: Dr. Briscoe, Dr. Wigmore, Dr. Symons, Mr. Lace, Mr. Bloxam, Mr. Bayliss, Mr. Helps, Mr. Terry and Mr. Beath. Executire Committee: Dr. Cave and Dr. Norburn. Report of Evecutire Committee.-The report of the Executive Committee was received and adopted. Mfatters Referred to Divisions.-the subject of the National Deposit Friendly Society referred from the Medico-Political Committee was considered, and it was resolved to take no action in the matter. It was also resolved that all other matters referred to the Divisions by the Central Council be left to the discretion of the Representative of the Division as to any action taken.


1. A framework of creative irritation Part I. Economic responses to artistic invention 2. Creating markets for experience goods: artistic emergence and commercial spread of Linear Perspective, 1425-1680 3. Painted conversations: shaping taste for England's consumer revolution, 1730-1760 4. Joy in repetition. Translating artworks into experience goods, 1955-1965 Part II. Artistic responses to economic change 5. Silent narratives of assertion, 1430-1600 6. Entertaining the Modern Self, 1720-1890 7. Intentional entanglements, 1960-2010 8. More moves, as the joyful economy continues to rise


This study is premised on the fact that, it is costly to attract new customers, to this note, firms always try to find strategies to retain their current customers and concentrate on different factors which enhance the customer loyalty amongst the customers of the organizations. This research seeks to analyse the strategies that International money transfer agencies in Zimbabwe are implementing to retain customers given a dwindling customer base. The researcher used an explanatory research design which allowed the researcher to analysis the various strategies used by International money transfer organisations (MTO). The results obtained indicated that the frequently used strategies among others include Loyalty reward programme, Complaint handling, Value addition and Customer relationship management. The clients however showed that they are not satisfied especially with the time it takes for them to be served though they were fairly satisfied by the way their complains were handled The researcher recommended that mobile money transfer services should be implemented effectively as it provides convenience to the clients. More so, customer care training programmes should be embarked on workers more frequently so that clients stay delighted.


Carbon foam is recognized as having the greatest potential to replacement for metal fins in thermal management systems such as heat exchangers, space radiators, and thermal protection systems [1–5]. Carbon foam refers to a broad class of materials that include reticulated glassy, carbon and graphitic foams that are generally open-cell or mostly open-cell. They can be tailored to have low or high thermal conductivity with a low coefficient of thermal expansion and density. These foams have high modulus but low compression and tensile strength. Among the carbon foams, the graphitic foam offers superior thermal management properties such as high thermal conductivity. Graphitic foams are made of a network of spheroidal shell segments. Each cell has thin, stretched ligaments in the walls that are joined at the nodes or junctions. The parallel arrangement of graphene planes in the ligaments confers highly anisotropic properties to the walls of the graphitic foams. The graphene planes tend to be oriented with the plane of the ligaments but become disrupted at the junctions (nodes) of the walls. Since conduction is highest along parallel graphene planes, the thermal conductivity is highest in the plane of the ligaments or struts, and much lower in the direction transverse to the plane of these ligaments. In a previous study [6] extensive mechanical and thermal property characterization of carbon foams from Kopper Inc. (L1) and POCO Graphite, Inc. (P1) were reported. These foams were graphitic ones that are expected to have high thermal conductivity. Figure 1 shows sections of light microscopy images of the three foams of four foams. The most important thing to notice is that the images were not at the same magnification. The large cells in the GrafTech foam have an average diameter of only ∼100 μm but have a bimodal distribution cells with many small closed-cells few micrometers in diameter. Changes in density in the GrafTech foam was accompanied by a change in the large cells' diameter — larger diameter giving greater porosity and lower density without changing the smaller cells' sizes that filled the solid phase between the larger bubbles. The POCO foam has a fairly uniform size cell distribution of a few hundred micrometers. The Koppers' foams show larger cells yet with the left ("L" precursor) having a uniform size while the right-hand ("D" precursor) is a less uniform and lower porosity.Copyright © 2009 by ASME


This paper outlines the procedure for arbitration under the rules of the International Chamber of Commerce Court of Arbitration and includes the author's comments thereon.


There is no need to argue and debate the current turbulence in our beautiful country. One merely has to consider the facts relating to our economy, the way in which our markets move, the state of our political leadership and everything else which doesn't allow one to make statistical predictions. Making progress in such a turbulent environment usually seems like an impossible task, especially when you have to cover for your wickets and have no idea from which side the curveball will come.


I am currently a senior at Walter Johnson High School, and I have spent the last 17 years of my life living and learning with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder – inattentive type (ADD). In first grade I was diagnosed with ADD based on the observations of my parents and my teachers at the time. My parents initially attempted to treat my disorder with behavior modification programs but eventually chose stimulants to treat the mild, but problematic inattention issue I was having. Early evidence of my disorder can be found in a student evaluation that my third grade teacher filled out at my parents' request.


Summary

An attempt is made to correlate the stage of maturity of the tubers with certain characters in the ontogeny of the vines.

Data obtained with regard to the physiological behaviour and the chemical composition of potatoes of different stages of maturity indicate the existence of three more or less distinct stages—adolescence, maturity and ripening—during the development of potato tubers.


This paper discusses the need to devise novel strategies to create smart services specifically designed to non-metropolitan areas, i.e. countrysides. These solutions must be viable, cheap an should take into consideration the different nature of countrysides, that cannot afford the deployment of services designed for smart cities. These solutions would have an important social impact for people leaving in these countrysides, and might slow down the constant migration of citizens towards metropolis. In this work, we focus on communication technologies and practical technological/software distributed architectures. An important aspect for the real deployment of these "smart shires" is their simulation. We show that "priority-based broadcast" schemes over ad-hoc networks can represent an effective communication substrate to be used in a software middleware promoting the creation of applications for smart shire scenarios.


320t The Openings of 320t Molten Iron Container often with iron stand melting and cracks,the serious influence the torpedo tank safety running,stand by for torpedo mouth crack area dig pouring test stand,to torpedo with torpedo cans lined with whole mouth refractory erosion balanced purpose,further improve the torpedo cans service life.


The dysfunctions of cities and metropolises throughout the world, and the impacts they cause on the Earth's systems, the probable population explosion and the incidence of new technologies and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in urban systems are problems that create great uncertainty that forces us to increase our battered anticipation capacity. Current urban planning does not have -in my opinion- the theoretical or instrumental framework to address the challenges of this beginning of the century. Ecosystem urbanism considers the city as an ecosystem (one of the characteristics of ecosystems is its scalarity) and establishes the urban model and the principles of ecosystem urbanism that fill it with content, defining - at the same time- the system of proportions and urban balances. The superblock (20 Ha) is also established as the minimum urban ecosystem unit capable of integrating the set of principles of ecosystemic urbanism.


The control of underactuated biped robots in single support phase can be done choosing a certain number of output functions which are dependent on the state variables, i.e. on angular positions and velocities; the choice of these output functions is better if they yield the definition of a minimal phase system. In the paper some examples are discussed. It is suggested that the underlying mathematical problem states and solves the problem in a concise manner.


The crystallization behavior of Graphite/PB composites is studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. It was found that the layered graphite can affect the crystal transformation of the PB matrix in Graphite/PB composites. The transformation rate of a metastable Form II to a stable Form I becomes faster in Graphite/PB composites compared with that in pure PB. In addition, the melting point of Form I for Graphite/PB composites increases firstly and then decreases with the increase of the content of graphite owing to the filler induced alteration of microstructure.


A Summarization of 400 Herbs through Songs,written by Gong Tingxian,a famous TCM doctor from Jiangxi in Ming Dynasty,has survived centuries of time till present days with its rhymed structure.Since the rhyme was on an extremely flexible basis,it can be concluded that those not in rhyme through any approach are not in accordance with the original writing.The author begins his work


BS>A qualitative discussion of how neutronics may affect the design of high-temperature process-heat reactors in ways other than might be anticipated from rules of thumb based on experience with low-temperature, thermal reactors is presented. The chemical and engineering problems of constructing, operating, and reprocessing high-temperature reactors arc, for the most part, given only passing mention, although an effort was made to emphasize moderators and absorbers which are available in ceramic form. (auth)


Abstract A simple predictive technique for heat transfer during film boiling in tubes is presented. This technique is based on the two-step model and consists of a graphic correlation for nonequilibrium quality and an equation for liquid droplet cooling at high pressures. It has been developed from and verified with data for water, nitrogen, para-hydrogen, R-113, methane, and propane. The range of data includes equilibrium qualities from 0.1 to 2.9, pressures from 1.4 to 215 bar, reduced pressures from 0.01 to 0.97, mass flux from 30 to 3442 kg/m2 s, tube diameters from 2.5 to 14.9 mm, heat flux from 0.012 to 2.1 [Macute]W/m2, and wall temperatures from 81 to 1112 K. For all 722 data points analyzed, heat transfer coefficients based on actual vapor temperatures are correlated with a root-mean-square error of 15%.


In this paper the over-thirty-years history of space applications of shape memory alloys (SMA) is summarized. Our experience is illustrated by detailed examples, such as the first launch of TiNi to an Earth orbit in 1982, when thermomechanical pipe couplings on the orbital station Salyut-7 were tested for their hermetic durability; the use of TiNi wire actuators to deploy two ring-shaped constructions of 20m in diameter on the spacecraft Progress-40 in 1989; assembling a large truss Sofora using special thermomechanical couplings with TiNi sleeves in 1991, and others. In conclusion the future of shape memory alloys in space engineering is considered, that is believed to be singleand multiplex-action drives, various kinds of thermomechanical couplings, thermosensors, intelligent composites, devices for active damping of vibrations of large structures, micromechanisms.


Abstract: The purpose of this article is to analyze the protests that occurred in some Latin American and Caribbean countries around October 2019 by relating them either to the resumption of conservative governments and the processes of electoral alternation between neoliberal and leftist or center-left governments in the last years of the XX century and early XXI.
Keywords: Latin American protests, Neoliberalism, Latin American left.


Objective To observe the subacute toxicity of dibromohydantoin in order to know the safety of its repeated use.Method Animal test method was used to carry out laboratory study.Results The highest dosage of dibromohydantoin used was 1000 mg/kg(body weight).The animals of various experimental groups did not show abvious intoxication manifestation during the period of administration of the disinfectant,they were normal in growth and activity and no death occurred.The hematological routine examination items and biochemical indexes were within the normal rangs.Macroscopic anatomy did not find abnormality and various organs did not show typical pathohistological change and specific injury.Conclusion Various indexes of rat subacute toxicity test for dibromohydantoin disinfectant were within the normal ranges.


Immediate hemostasis following removal of sheaths is essential to prevent access site complications after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Despite various precautions to achieve complete hemostasis in a safe and effective manner, no standard approach is present yet.


High Resolution (HR) marine seismic acquisition contributes to numerous research fields. The vertical resolution is of metric scale in order to study geological processes at a short time scale or to characterise small objects. 3D seismic imaging allows optimal resolution to be reached whereas 2D images are blurred mainly by side effects. Developed for the oil industry decades ago and tailored to the exploration for hydrocarbon reservoirs, 3D seismic, as applied to higher resolution targets, is more recent. Available technological advances in acquisition have allowed research institutes to develop innovative 3D high-resolution marine seismic systems tailored to these targets. The seismic survey carried out in 2009 on the Western High, Sea of Marmara, illustrates the value of HR3D imaging. Since the destructive I˙zmit earthquake in 1999, an intensive international research effort has demonstrated that the Western High is one of the key structures for assessing the processes of deformation related to the North Anatolian Fault (NAF). The 30-km² HR3D survey centred on the main NAF was acquired using a dual streamers - dual source-array configuration. In spite of the minimal 3D processing sequence that was applied to the data, the fine imaging of the seabed and of the sedimentary stratigraphy and structures is much better than HR2D seismic. Comparison with an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) multi-beam bathymetric survey carried out at the same location enables the limits of the vertical resolution of the seismic data to be assessed. The lateral resolution is between 13.5 and 25 metres at the seabed. The HR3D seismic
data highlight the interplay between tectonic processes and stratigraphy. In particular, differential uplift leads to syntectonic deposition and submarine slides. The widespread occurrence of gas in the sedimentary sequence is clearly shown by anomalously high seismic amplitudes. 3D imaging of these high amplitudes enables the identification of the pathways through faults and permeable units that gas takes as it migrates to the seabed.


We quantify the technical and environmental performance of clean hydrogen production (with CCS) by linking detailed process simulation with LCA.


The present state of water resources at home and abroad,China water resource crisis,and the main problems for the 21th century are analyzed.Water resource crisis is one of the important global environmental problems.China is one of the water lacking countries,the per capita amount of water resource occupying 25% of the world average,and over 400 of the 688 cities being short of water.In the coming century the water demand supply conflict will be sharper;flood,drought,zero flow,water pollution,water and soil loss,etc will continue.Therefore,large scale land improvement,hydro ecological improvement,and rational development,utilization and protection of water resources are compulsory.


Subject-sensitive invariantism posits surprising connections between a person's knowledge and features of her environment that are not paradigmatically epistemic features. But which features of a person's environment have this distinctive connection to knowledge? Traditional defenses of subject-sensitive invariantism emphasize features that matter to the subject of the knowledge-attribution. Call this pragmatic encroachment. A more radical thesis usually goes ignored: knowledge is sensitive to moral facts, whether or not those moral facts matter to the subject. Call this moral encroachment. This article argues that, insofar as there are good arguments for pragmatic encroachment, there are also good arguments for moral encroachment.


This article discusses the pernicious problem of several abuses of children and the lack of professional social work programmes to address the problem in three West African countries of Ghana, Nigeria and Togo. Despite inaccurate statistical data, available public information reveals an alarming ascendancy of the problem in the region. Abuse and neglect of children in the sub-region has become a very serious issue of violation of human rights, social justice and violence against children, which demands a call for action on behalf of the children. The article outlined the various incidents of child sexual abuse, child trafficking, child marriage, Trokosi and neglect of disabled children in the sub-region. Poverty and traditional cultural practices have been discussed as the main causes of this phenomenon. The implications for social work education, policy, research and practice have been discussed in addition to a call for enforcement of legislations and mass education of citizens in the sub-region. Language: en


Introduction and Rationale Emotional Literacy Self-Esteem and Positive Thinking Peer Pressure Friendships and Relationships Sex Role Models Being a Parent Drugs and Alcohol Evaluation and Looking Forward


Under present California Forest Practice Rules, mandated by the Legislature and codified by the State Board of Forestry, Non-industrial Timber Management Plans (NTMPs) give small landowners the flexibility to operate under a specific set of rules 'forever,' allowing short notice (3 days or less) for pre-approved harvest operations. This permit is presently restricted to forestland ownerships less than 2,500 acres, requires uneven-aged management (selection harvest), and allows forest managers to both react to market conditions and have certainty of regulation. There is no comparable tool for larger ownerships. Using this concept for larger ownerships, with an explicitly directed primary outcome of wildlife, watershed benefits or carbon sequestration, and timber as a subsidiary output, would improve environmental quality, reduce landowner costs and reduce regulatory time for forestry under the California permit process. A Legislative bill or Board of Forestry initiative could create a Watershed Timber Management Plan as a low-intensity, watershed-scale forest management permit. This tool would be particularly useful in California's coast redwood ecosystems, where selection harvest is a demonstrated way of managing for both ecosystem services and timber production.


Xia Zengyou's Zhongguo gudai Shi was regarded as one of the major historical works written in the 20th century China.This book was originally a secondary history textbook published in late Qing and was upgraded,though making no revision at all,to be a history reference book for university students in the 1930's.The significance of this book on the development of modern Chinese historiography has been discussed widely since the second half of the last century.However,as a history textbook for secondary students,the influence that Xia's book had on the young learners of the first two decades of the last century has not received adequate investigation.In fact,this book had a good selling record at that time and should have certain degree of,if not great,influence on young history learners.Some key academics like Qian Xuantong,Qian Mu and Gu Jiegang read Zhongguo Gudai Shi in their young ages,and learned from this book,one way or another,the basic knowledge of Gouxue,the mythical history of ancient China,the new way of looking at the ancient Chinese history,and the methods of compiling history.These academics had outstanding scholarly achievement,particularly in the study of history,which could be,to a certain extent,considered as the result of the fact that they had been enlightened by this history textbook when they were young.


Abstract It has been found possible to measure the ionization of a cloud chamber track by photometry of the chamber photograph. The method is applicable to tracks, the photographic images of which consist of unresolved drop images. Its application does not interfere with accurate measurement of the magnetic rigidity of the particle causing the track. The use of the method has been investigated by studying tracks in a typical chamber and is illustrated by mass measurements on 3 K-mesons. The relative merits of this photometric method and the drop counting method of measuring ionization are discussed.