In 1866, as the result of the Seven Weeks' War with Prussia and Italy, the Austrian Empire lost both her primacy in Germany and the last remnants of her position on the Italian peninsula. The historical dualism of the empire as both a German and a non-German power was, of course, not ended by the conflict—nor, because of Bismarck's prudent moderation, was Austria destroyed as a great power. But the half-century of Austria's predominant influence in European politics was over. The leadership of Germany passed decisively into the hands of Prussia—as would the leadership of Europe in a few short years—and although Austria retained Italian-populated territories, her dominance over the peninsula was irretrievably lost.


The BGAs are our friends but with use of pesticide the growth of these microorganisms is affected severely. These are also oxygen producing prokaryotes. It is small primitive group comprising of about 2500 species placed under 150 genera. They are mainly present in colony. A number of chains of bead like cells (trichomes) of different length are combined to form gelatinous matrix colony. Trichomes are enclosed in their own mucilaginous sheath called filament. A soft mucilaginous envelop holds the filament together by the fusion of individual trichomes sheath and secreted copiously by the component cell. Each colony is considered a bluish green or yellowish mass of jelly. Usually young colonies are small and microscopic, mature ones are large. A compound colony is ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 12 (2014) pp. 296-303 http://www.ijcmas.com


This paper describes a new application of a spin-valve-type giant magnetoresistance sensor in the biomedical field. The hyperthermia treatment, based on the hysteresis loss of magnetite under external ac fields, requires determination of the content density of magnetite injected inside the body to control the heat capacity. We propose a low-invasive methodology to estimate the density of magnetite by measuring magnetic fields inside the cavity. For this purpose, we investigated the relationship between the density of magnetite and the magnetic fields, and developed a needle-type magnetic probe with a giant magnetoresistance sensor for low-invasive measurement. The experimental results demonstrate the possibility of estimating the density of magnetite injected into the body.


In my two main internships during college, I worked closely with two very different animals: raccoons and alligators. Additionally, I gained experience in presenting educational programs during my internship at Fripp Island, where my most common program was our Gator Walk. For my thesis project, I built upon my experience in interpretive programming, drawing on my experience with alligators and raccoons to develop a unique educational program to present at Congaree National Park. This report will describe the process of developing this program as well as it's implementation and outcomes. In addition, it includes a review of scholarly literature on these two animals which was used to inform the tours. Project GATORS Background: In the summer of 2017, I interned at Second Nature Wildlife Rehabilitation in Thompsonville, Illinois. I lived on-site with the director, who (along with myself for the summer) was the only permanent staff. We accepted a variety of orphaned, injured, or ill mammals for care, and a significant portion of our patients were raccoons. Throughout the summer, I came to greatly appreciate the raccoons' inquisitive natures and dynamic personalities, and through first-hand experience I learned much about their behaviors and characteristics. In the summer of 2018, I worked as a naturalist intern at Fripp Island Resort Activity Center. Through this position, I gained experience in leading educational nature programs, from kayak tours to crabbing. The program I led most frequently was Gator Walk, which introduced guests to the Activity Center's resident educational alligators and took them across the island to look for some of the many alligators which called Fripp home. I continued to work with raccoons


VIRUS ACTIVITIES IN RELATION TO CANCER. Peyton Rous, The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York City, N. Y. Causative agents with the character of viruses have been obtained from many chicken tumors and also from the cutaneous papillomas of western cotton-tail rabbits. The papillomas occasionally become carcinomatous in their natural host, and those produced by the inoculation of domestic rabbits with the virus frequently do so, the cancers arising from the cells infected with the virus. Under such circumstances the latter serves as a potent "carcinogenic agent", one, that is to say, which brings on cancer. The virus responsible for condyloma acuminatum of man sometimes acts in the same way. In skin that has been altered by repeated tarring, the rabbit virus elicits cancers forthwith as well as papillomas. Sometimes they are the outcome of infection of preexisting tar warts which otherwise would disappear. In such instances the virus acts as the effective cause of the cancers. Strong evidence exists that it functions as the real cause of other cancers that it elicits in the tarred skin. This evidence was reviewed.


In 2013, Brazil's first multi-lane free-flow (MLFF) tolling system opened in Sao Paulo. This began a new phase for the deployment of electronic fee collection (EFC) systems across the country. Toll programs at both federal and state levels began awarding contracts to private companies. A National System for Automatic Vehicle Identification has been established, using a single passive chip for electronic registration of road vehicles. In addition to its use in toll collection, the chip can be used to identify stolen vehicles. There has been no work on cross-border interoperability in South America, but toll systems are growing and developing across Brazil.


Provided are a method and an apparatus for control channel decoding of a terminal in a multi-node system. The method sets a search space for searching a control channel and can perform the decoding by using different demodulation methods according to aggregation levels capable of constituting the control channel within the search space. In addition, the method determines the DCI format to be searched according to a transmission mode and can use different demodulation methods according to the determined DCI format. Furthermore, the method modulates DCI format to a first modulation degree when demodulating the DCI format, and can demodulate the DCI format to a second modulation degree when the DCI format is not detected.


Colorado is one of 23 state and regional partnerships competitively selected by the U.S. Department of Energy in 2010 to receive an award to run a state industrial energy efficiency program. Colorado developed an innovative approach, based on considering the types of assistance and support that would be most successful in encouraging energy efficiency at Colorado's industrial facilities. The resulting program, the Colorado Industrial Energy Challenge (CIEC), is a voluntary state and business partnership that encourages Colorado industrial facilities to set a five-year energy efficiency goal and offers various types of assistance to help them meet the goals. The program includes several unique elements compared to other state industrial EE programs, including recognition from the Governor for energy efficiency achievements, and frequent opportunities for facilities to network and share best practices. Although similar to DOE's Save Energy Now Leaders program, the CIEC program focuses on the plant- or facility-level, and allows more flexibility in setting energy goals. Preliminary results show that the program is off to a good start, with potential for a significant impact over the next several years.


The under-oil crystallization method was successfully adopted for the crystallization of organic salts. Compared with the previously reported vapour-diffusion-based nano-crystallization technique, the under-oil method generated single crystals of more different salts for all studied compounds.


This paper presents a 2 – 13GHz low-voltage broadband down-conversion mixer with an active balun for UWB radio. The mixer with an active balun is fabricated in the 0.18 µm 1P6M standard CMOS process. The mixer with active balun consumes 15.2 mW from a 1.2 V supply. This mixer was achieved by using a folded-mixer and a peaking inductor technique. This technique can double the 3 dB bandwidth at the output stage, so the high-frequency poles of the mixer could be pushed outside of the 2 – 13 GHz band range. The broadband mixer with an active balun achieves a conversion gain of 21 ± 0.6 dB and 14.9 ∼ 16.5 dB on a double-sideband (DSB) noise figure and the input return loss is −12 dB. The output return loss is −10 dB. An input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of −1.89 ∼ −1.8 dBm. The mixer with active balun achieves with a supply voltage of 1.2 V and with a power consumption of 18.3 mW.


This article analyzes discriminatory attitudes from the point of view of their relationship with the legitimation of social inequalities at the individual and institutional level, according to Reygadas' theoretical proposal. We understand that discriminatory attitudes imply an association of differences with asymmetries in terms of inferiorities and/or dangerousness of the difference. In such associations, a perception scheme is articulated, where the different sources of inequality are attached to individual traits (gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, etc.), as well as to institutionalized forms of social relationships rooted on territorial coordinates. In this sense, the article presents both general guidelines for an analytical model and an empirical application to four focal groups of preadolescent and adolescent individuals in Metropolitan Buenos Aires.


Gong Zutong academician guessed that the structure of the photon may be similar to the hydrogen atom which consists of a negative charge and a positive charge with the equal power, and the negative charge rotates around the positive charge in a spherical orbit. Based on this conjecture, to establish respectively the equation of photon movement for the dual-slit interference and single slit diffraction experiments. To get respectively the light intensity distribution model using complex integration method. Finally, to get that the width of the diffraction pattern of the conjecture is obviously wider than the results of Born through mathematical simulation in MATLAB software.


A 48-year-old male was hospitalized at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, Florida for 2 months, after sustaining severe polytrauma following MVA. Due to current hospital practice that is supported by public and private partnerships, the patient was routinely screened for HIV on presentation to the ED, and found to be HIV positive with a CD4 count of 18.84 and an active toxoplasmosis infection. Due to the early detection, the patient was able to receive the imperative treatment he needed and his infection was not able to be hidden by the substantial traumas. This case report highlights the degree of HIV comorbidity within our community and demonstrates that current interventions such as routine screening and linkage to care lead to better outcomes.


This Note explores the global problem of gender-based labor inequality as exemplified in China. China's historic and cultural framework, the efforts the Chinese government has made to coordinate with the global community on women's rights initiatives, and recent legislation passed at both national and local levels in China provide an interesting case study for countries facing gender inequality in the workplace. The items of legislation, though sometimes drafted using international treaties as a framework, contain unique provisions that provide protections for Chinese women that are not seen elsewhere in the world. Additionally, the Chinese government's current political goal of achieving a harmonious society signals potentially forthcoming advancements in workplace gender equality.


Logarithmic number system (LNS) is used in those signal processing applications where multiplication becomes a bottleneck. In LNS, multiplications and divisions are computed as additions and subtractions respectively. However to implement these additions and subtractions in LNS require large memory to store logarithmic and antilog values of numbers. This paper proposes possible techniques for memory reduction in LNS


Confucius' characteristic and thought had changed a lot,and this leads to the change of Confucius' understanding to "benevolent".The establishing standard of "benevolent" had changed from the exterior rites to the interior morality.Disclosing this change plays a key role to the right understanding of Confucianism's characteristic and theory.


Efforts by various rancher organizations to halt the increasing development of stripmines, power plants, and synthetic fuel production projects in the Powder River Basin and Northern Plains of Wyoming are reported. Rancher organizations are primarily land owner, agricultural conservation groups concerned about the effect of energy development on rural communities and agricultural economies. While such organizations have halted the development of several energy development projects, continued effort will be needed to stem the tide of energy development activities throughout Wyoming. (1 map, 7 photos)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze and discuss the strategic positioning of associations that can be established between a corporate brand and entities in its surrounding network such as brands, product categories, persons, places and institutions.Design/methodology/approach – A semiotic approach is used to describe image transfer processes between the corporate brand and other entities. The paper provides a structure to leverage the corporate brand in different product market contexts.Findings – The paper offers the "corporate brand association base model" as a conceptual framework for brand‐to‐brand collaboration. The model structures how a corporate brand can develop more expansive brand architecture through transfer of image from sources of brand equity in the internal brand hierarchy and surrounding brand network.Practical implications – A useful source for brand managers in the process of co‐positioning corporate brands and assessing risks, in relation to brands, product categories, p...


ABSTRACT— Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 74 patients suffering from various neurological diseases, and in 28 healthy controls. Increased CSF zinc levels were found in the group of peripheial nervous system diseases (P<0.01) and in the cases of different neurological syndromes with increased CSF protein concentration (P<0.001). Increased CSF and serum copper levels were found in the cases with increased CSF protein levels (P<0.05). It is probable that the damaged blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) permits the passage of the trace elements Zn, Cu and of Mg into the subarachnoid space. Decreased serum Cu levels (P< 0.01) were found in the group of multiple sclerosis (MS). The findings are correlated to those of previous communications.


The estimate for the terrestrial biogenic methanol emission given in the paper is 80 Tg/y. Compared to the estimations of global isoprene emissions of 400-500 Tg/y this is about 16-20%. There is a number of ecosystem scale measurements of methanol emissions along with other VOCs from various ecosystems published in recent years. It could be worthwhile to see if the observed methanol emissions and ratios of methanol to terpenoid emission are consistent with the conclusions of this paper.


A description of a wide-aperture 90-degree bending magnet is presented. This magnet was designed as a part of a beam delivery system of the heavy-ion therapy facility developed in GSI, Darmstadt, Germany. A concept of the "almost window frame" magnet with the air slots in a yoke ensures a homogeneous field (/spl Delta/B/B</spl plusmn/0.01%) over the area of 200/spl times/200 mm/sup 2/ in the central part of the magnet in a wide range of the flux density variation. The expected integral field homogeneity of the magnet is better than /spl plusmn/0.02% and corresponds to the required beam positioning accuracy of /spl plusmn/1 mm. The dynamic behavior of the magnet is investigated. The main time constant of the magnet is calculated.


This work describes n‐type self‐assembled monolayer field‐effect transistors (SAMFETs) based on a perylene derivative which is covalently fixed to an aluminum oxide dielectric via a phosphonic acid linker. N‐type SAMFETs spontaneously formed by a single layer of active molecules are demonstrated for transistor channel length up to 100 μm. Highly reproducible transistors with electron mobilities of 1.5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and on/off current ratios up to 105 are obtained. By implementing n‐type and p‐type transistors in one device, a complimentary inverter based solely on SAMFETs is demonstrated for the first time.


Abstract:This article contributes to the study of medieval poetics and rhetoric by reassessing the Arabic-Aristotelian influence in the Poetria and Testa nucis of Matthew of Linköping (c. 1300–1350). In the Poctria Matthew applied a dichotomy between essential and accidental aspects (essencialia-accidentalia) which provided him with a historical, theoretical, and cultural perspective on conventional poetics. The appeal of the (Parisian teaching of) Arabic-Aristotelian poetics lay not merely in its theoretical ideas, but also in its novel multilingual and cultural aspects that differed from the self-conscious Latin legacy of the older medieval poetics based on Horace and Cicero.


AbstractUntil recently, rental housing policy was largely absent throughout South America as governments widely supported homeownership. Amid growing recommendations for rental sector interventions in South America, at the start of the 2014, Chile was the first country in South America to adopt a national rental subsidy program-one aimed at making rental housing more affordable to lowand moderate-income young families. This article presents an overview of Chile's rental program and its relevance for U.S. rental subsidy reform. Chile's program consists of a flat-rate, time-limited subsidy that offers a degree of administrative simplicity and payment flexibility for tenants facing income volatility. In the United States, policymakers have flirted with building these program elements into the United States' longstanding Housing Choice Voucher Program. Although the Chilean and U.S. rental subsidy models operate within different contexts, as discussed in the article, a close examination of Chile's implementation and outcomes has the potential to inform U.S. rental housing policy reform. The authors also address the unique opportunity for monitoring and evaluation offered by Chile's program.IntroductionAlthough more than one-half of families across South America's biggest cities cannot afford to buy a proper formal dwelling, national housing strategies throughout the region largely ignore the rental housing sector.1 Until recently, rental housing policy was largely absent throughout South America as governments widely supported homeownership. Amid growing recommendations for rental sector interventions in South America at the start of 2014, Chile was the first country in South America to adopt a national rental subsidy program.2 Chile's first rental subsidy program aims to make rental housing more affordable to lowand moderate-income young families throughout the country.This article presents an overview of Chile's rental subsidy program and its relevance for U.S. rental subsidy reform. The article highlights key features of Chile's new rental subsidy model and its relevance for U.S. policy. In particular, Chile's program consists of a flat-rate, time-limited subsidy that offers a degree of administrative simplicity and payment flexibility for tenants facing income volatility. In the United States, policymakers have flirted with building these program elements into the longstanding Housing Choice Voucher Program (HCVP). Although the Chilean and U.S. rental subsidy models operate within different contexts, as we discuss in the following sections, a close examination of the Chilean implementation and outcomes shows that the Chilean model has the potential to inform U.S. rental housing policy reform.Current State of Housing Policy in ChileChile is an upper middleto high-income country. Its per capita income is roughly $14,000, the highest in South America (World Bank, 2013a).3 Chile also has one of the fastest growing economies throughout the region and a reputation for well-functioning and innovative social policy (OECD, 2009; World Bank, 2013b). During the past 30 years, the Chilean government has consistently supported growth and trade and has seen a substantial decline in poverty to a rate that is currently among the lowest in South America. In 2010, Chile was the first South American country to join the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).4 Despite strong economic growth, however, Chile has one of the highest rates of poverty and the greatest level of income inequality compared with those of the other OECD countries. Improving housing conditions and better targeting housing policy to those most in need have become national priorities and are being used as tools for reducing poverty and inequality (OECD, 2012).Throughout South America, Chile has been and continues to serve as a model for housing policy.5 During the past 20 years, key features of Chile's housing policy have supported homeownership for lowto moderate-income households. …


The interaction of (+)-catechin with poly-(S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine) has been studied by circular dichroism spectroscopy. This polypeptide undergoes a pH-induced transition from a random coil to a β sheet under conditions where (+)-catechin is stable. The pH range over which the conformational transition occurs is broadened in the presence of (+)-catechin, but there is little effect on the pH at the midpoint of the transition. Qualitatively the same behaviour of the transition curves is observed in a theoretical model where the (+)-catechin interacts with, and stabilizes, the initial strand in the β sheet. This stabilization could result from the formation of a pair of hydrogen bonds between (+)-catechin and amide units in the initial strand.


This study is aimed at examining factors of (re)-offending, the role of prison administration and its challenges in reducing (re)-offending by (re)-integration mechanism. The approach employed qualitative and its design was descriptive case study. The data were collected through semi-structured interview, focus group discussion and observation.  The data collected was categorized, organized in theme and analysed by thematic analysis techniques. And then, the study find out that there are three interrelated phases as far as (re)-integration is concerned: programs that take place during time in prison, which aim to prepare offenders for their eventual release; programs that take place during offenders' release period, which seek to connect ex-offenders with the various services they may require; and long-term programs that take place as ex-offenders permanently (re)-integrate into their communities, which attempt to provide offenders with support and supervision. To perform it, there were responsible departments in prison administration that play a role in each phases by arranging  Substance Abuse Treatment Programmes, Facilitating Behavioural Change of Offenders, providing Education, Life Skills and Vocational Training and setting up Follow Up  Mechanisms and Linkage. However, limited economic and human resource/Capital, weak linkage of the correctional centres with the community and other stakeholder, public perception of discharged prisoners in the community and principle-practice disparity on the role of correctional centres prevented correctional centres from properly executing its responsibilities. The study concludes that rehabilitation of the offender and the support of the victim, by way of a multidisciplinary approach and the presentation of a variety of programmes, should always be the main aim of imprisonment in order to re-integrate the offender with society and the family so that they can once again function as a proper unit. To this end, the study suggested that mechanisms should be devised to participate and mobilize all sectors towards the same aim of reducing reoffending. Key w ords: prison, (Re)-offense, Offenders, (Re)-integration, crime DOI: 10.7176/PPAR/10-2-01 Publication date: February 29 th 2020


The gas flow field in cyclone separators of different height is simulated with RSM (the Reynolds Stress Model), and flow characteristics have been obtained. Results show that tangential velocity decreases with increasing cyclone height, and the more violently gas rotates, the higher separation efficiency is. However, too short cylinder height causes low separation efficiency due to the great fluctuation of turbulence kinetic energy in the Rankine vortex interface; the pressure drop decreases with increasing cyclone height in condition of fixed gas inlet velocity.


[Objective] To evaluate of the overall objectives and working targets performance of "TB Control Program" in Shijiazhuang City,to analyze the difficulties and problems during the process of implement. [Methods]Various reports of TB control works,outpatient service information and relevant documents of Shijiazhuang City were taken as data sources. [Results]During 2001-2009,43 378 active TB cases were found,42 185 cases were cured.Registration rate of TB increased from 38.88/100 000 in 2001 to 65.16/100 000 in 2009;new smear-positive registration rate increased from 29.75/100 000 in 2001 to 40.41/100 000 in 2009;The cure rate of new smear-positive patients was over 95%.Referral in place increased from 3 139 persons in 2005 to 5 344 persons in 2009.Follow-up in place rate increased from 67.81% in 2005 to 90.22% in 2009,overall in place rate from 83.39% in 2005 to 85.07% in 2009. [Conclusion]During the implementation of the "TB Control Program" in Shijiazhuang City,TB control work has achieved remarkable results,and has accumulated rich experience in management and treatment of TB,which provides the basis for next step of TB control planning.


Animal age and maturity have an important effect on carcass and meat quality [1, 2]. Current methods to determine age and maturity, using dentition and ossification, are not without flaws yet contribute as indicators of meat quality. This description however has the potential to be improved. A study using a visible-nearinfrared (Vis-NIR) system has shown the potential of this non-invasive technology to predict human age by scanning the skin [3]. Determining the age of animals using visible-NIR (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy has the advantage that it could be developed to be implemented a) on-farm helping breeders to estimate genetic merit of animals, b) for commercial animals as a reference population in genomic predictions, and c) to automate carcass measurements and meat tenderness predictions at slaughter. The current study examines whether a fiber-optic probe-based system for making diffuse reflectance measurements in the Vis-NIR region can be used to accurately predict the age of slaughtered cattle by scanning the hides.


The periodic metasurface cells of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) and its complementary structure CSRR comply with Babinet's principle. However, the finite CSRR cells do not correspond to the SRR cells where an infinite metal ground exists. Thus, the property of the large metal ground of finite SRR is investigated and the related negative permittivity bound is discussed.


This chapter examines the phenomenon of cinephilia through the work of
 two Cahiers du cinéma critics: Pascal Kané and Serge Daney. To reckon with
 the affective, deeply personal role that his relationship with film played
 in his life, Serge Daney coined the word ciné-fils ("cine-son") as a pun on
 the more usual cinéphile, a term with which Kané has also identified. But
 their cinephilia has manifested itself in different ways since their time
 at Cahiers: for Kané, critical writing has taken a back seat to his efforts
 as a filmmaker, while Daney joined the newspaper Libération in 1981,
 where he wrote prolifically on contemporary cinema over the following
 decade. These writings now form a touchstone for understanding the
 transformations that the cinema underwent during a period of defeat
 and disorientation for the left-wing cultural milieu with which Daney
 and Libération were associated.


Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit fascinating properties, with important applications for nanoelectronics, photonics, sensing, energy storage, and opto-electronics. Compared to well-studied MoS2 with isotropic hexagonal phase, WTe2 forms a distorted octahedral geometry with reduced symmetry that strongly enhances the anisotropy in the unit cell, which further shows astonishing characteristics in optoelectronic and electronic applications. This distorted crystal structure shows fast response to external stimulation, such as pressure, temperature and light pulse, which originated from symmetry transfer among different phases. However, up to date, unambiguous phase transition mechanism remains controversial. Even, there is few report about high pressure single crystal diffraction of TMD. In this work, by means of high pressure single crystal diffraction we found that W and Te atoms showed anisotropic atom displacement along the in-plane and out-plane direction under different pressure regions, which provides new insight into the sliding mechanism and diverse physical properties under high pressure.


The neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is a well‐characterized mediator of receptor‐regulated neurotransmitter release. However, little is known between CGRP during the development of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG). In the present study, we observed the localization of the CGRP mRNA using in situ hybridization during development from the embryonic stage to after birth day 14.5 (E14.5), E17.5 and postnatal day 1 (P1). The different ratio was found in SCG ganglion cells and shrunken cells. The antisense probe for CGRP was detected by in situ hybridization at E14.5, E17.5, and P1, and the highest levels of positive CGRP ganglion cells were detected at E17.5. The specific characters of CGRP concentration and release were occurred during development. The CGRP may influence the functional stress during prenatal and postnatal development.


The cost of equipment maintenance represents an important budgetary item in industrial and commercial applications. Smart machines are able to evaluate online a number of its own vitalities helping operators to diagnose faults. Most often the origins of the problems are buried into intractable and not usually relevant data. Some neural architectures are presented for recognizing those operational trajectories that are the early symptoms of faults in these smart machines. In order to cope with such classification problem, a neural architecture defined as PREMON (predictive maintenance oriented network) is designed. The main advantage of the system is its brain-inspired philosophy that allow it to be applied to a great deal of systems that are degraded or damaged because of their interaction with its environment.


A brief review of the literature reveals that both predictive control theory and linear quadratic (LQ) control theory have been used to design path-following controllers with preview, but it is not clear how the controllers compare. This article derives optimal linear preview controllers using the two approaches starting from a common state-space description of the vehicle dynamics. The transformation of the controllers from ground-fixed axes to vehicle-fixed axes is discussed. The influences of preview horizon, control horizon and cost function are investigated. For the case of long preview and long control horizons, it is found that the predictive and LQ approaches give identical controllers. The results in this article provide a basis for identifying human steering behaviour from measured data.


The article deals with the problematic heritage associated with the system of Nazi German underground air raid shelters currently located within the Polish state, in the Baltic port city of Szczecin. The unwanted heritage has been inventoried, archival materials collected, and comparative analyses made of ways in which the underground space can be revitalised. An attempt was made to develop a typology of existing shelters and their locations. In order to overcome the negative associations with the warlike military space, positive system solutions were sought for the productive use of existing concrete structures located underground in central, easily accessible areas of the city districts. A process of upcycling the space was used to make ecologically efficient use of the material resources contained in the shelters. In order to activate the local community, a modular, hydroponic plant-growing system, adapted to the prefabricated spaces of the historical air raid shelters, was proposed. In this way, the central location of the underground structures within the boundaries of residential neighbourhoods was exploited. Such action strengthens the food sovereignty of the inhabitants, initiates bottom-up activity within the boundaries of the neighbourhood unit, and builds social ties in the spirit of a regenerative economy and positive sustainability.


The effect of submicron-sized (NH[sub 4])[sub 2]SO[sub 4] particles on the corrosion of copper has been investigated in air-H[sub 2]O mixtures at 373 K and relative humidities (RH) of 65, 75, and 88%. At 65% RH, (NH[sub 4])[sub 2]SO[sub 4] particles do not affect the oxidation of copper. At 75% RH, the critical relative humidity of (NH[sub 4])[sub 2]SO[sub 4], localized formation of Cu[sub 2]O and a basic copper sulfate, brochantite [Cu[sub 4](SO[sub 4])(OH)[sub 6]] or antlerite [Cu[sub 3](SO[sub 4])(OH)[sub 4]], is observed, depending on the amount of particles deposited. At 88% RH, sufficient water is absorbed by the particles to form solution that spreads over a large surface area. A continuous thick layer of Cu[sub 2]O forms rapidly and becomes overgrown by antlerite crystals. Beneath the oxide scale, the copper substrate is locally corroded. The present work clearly demonstrates that ammonium sulfate particles, which are a major constituent of urban atmospheric dust, are an important factor in the formation of patina on copper.


A new method is presented in the paper. The fatigue life reliability of submarine cone-cylinder shell is investigated, based on the combination between the methods of conventional Monte Carlo and classical probabilistic fracture mechanics. Firstly, Monte Carlo method is employed to obtain the reliability of given initial fatigue life. Secondly, the two induced factors M1 and M2 in the paper are estimated according to the initial fatigue life and the reliability. Thirdly, based on the two factors, the other fatigue life reliability is obtained by using classical probabilistic fracture mechanics method. Finally, numerical cases show that the proposed method is more efficient without accuracy loss for fatigue life reliability compared with Monte Carlo method. This method can also be applied to predict the fatigue life reliability of analogue structures.


The preparation of fifteen derivatives of 2-tert.butylbenzoic acid, substituted in the aromatic nucleus in the 4- or the 5-position, and of a 4,5-disubstituted 2-tert.butylbenzoic acid is described.


Multilevel inverters are a good choice for medium and low power applications. Multilevel inverters have found a wide place in the market for their good power quality output. This paper proposes a new Envelope with T type Novel Multilevel inverter with unequal sources and with reduced switch count. Working of the circuit is explained. Firing angle calculations are done using simple nested looping technique and later Genetic Algorithm is used to obtain optimum firing angles for Selective Harmonic Elimination technique and improve the THD of the output voltage. Comparison is made between different types of inverters. The proposed inverter can be used for speed control of drives


The book encourages a closer reading of medieval literature in light of its modern, and especially its modern lyric, afterlives. It demonstrates that patience and attention, particularly to elements of touch, the body's boundaries, illumination, and their intersections in poetry, can be transfigurative practices. It does so not only through the accustomed cadences of scholarly argumentation but through its own moments of poetic and meditative reflection. Augustine, Cassian, Bernard of Clairvaux, Dante, Boccaccio, and the heroes of Old French narrative, as well as their modern lyric counterparts, come to light in new and newly complicated ways. They become, in a word, transfigured.


This chapter focuses on the classification and taxonomy and uses and available cultivars and types of tomatoes. Information on the production and marketing aspects of the global tomato industry is discussed and future perspectives for the tomato sector are highlighted.


This study explores the potential of the 'draw-and-write' method for inviting children to communicate salient aspects of their self-concept. Irish primary school children aged 10—13 years drew and wrote about their favourite people and things to do (social and active self). Children drew and described many salient activities (39 in total) and people — including pets. Results suggest that widely used, adult-constructed self-esteem scales for children, while multidimensional, are limited, and that 'draw-and-write' is an effective multimodal method with which children can express their social and active self-concepts.


Lung involvement in systemic sclerosis(SSC) is common but usually occurs late in the course. Skin changes usually occur before the pulmonary findings. In this report, a patient who developed pulmonary interstitial fibrosis without skin changes is presented. A diagnosis of SSC lung involvement was made histologically. The a nti-scl-70 antibody test was positive. Esophageal manometry revealed a lower amplitude in the lower two-third of the esophagus and pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter. Here we report a case of systemic sclerosis sine scleroderma presenting as pulmonary interstitial fibrosis with a review of the relevant literatures.


This paper reports on implementations of active learning strategies carried out for the civil engineering courses. Specifically, the activities are performed by students in a computersimulated environment, in which they are assigned a role and follow a mission. As a consequence of the activity, the students prepare a product (a report, drawing, or other documents) and send it to a real tutor for evaluation. Because the simulation of the environment is the most expensive part of this class of development, a story-centered approach has been followed here, in which only part of the activities are represented in the module. This approach was originally proposed by R. C. Schank and has been adapted here for engineering education, in which formal modeling and calculations are part of the expected activities. Examples are used to illustrate the implemented activities, which refer to learning about structural failures. At the beginning of the module, the students are presented with a situation in which they play a role and have to investigate a collapse in order to identify the causes of the event. There is a virtual library room, in which supporting texts are provided to help understanding the technical aspects. There is also a virtual computer room. The students can ask virtual tutors about specific topics that are relevant to the task they try to perform. Several virtual tutors are implemented in each case, of which some are "storytellers" and others are "analyzers". This format is not intensive in multimedia and still it is capable of creating a realistic situation in which the student has to perform activities similar to those that are expected from experts in the field.


A lot of effort is currently devoted to the design of ground based experiments dedicated to the detection of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Polarisation. The very low level of the expected signals requires a detailed study of the spurious effects introduced by each element of the optics. We use the well-known general formulae for the reflection and transmission coefficients in isotropic medium-uniaxial birefringent crystal interfaces for any angle of incidence and arbitrary birefringence optical axis orientation. Ordinary and extraordinary ray tracings are carried out and arbitrary incoming polarisation is used to calculate instrumental polarisation and depolarisation effects.


Colors have powerful effects and prompt reactions based on both instincts and connotations. Colors have a subtle but pervasively effective element in graphic design. Colors alter the meanings of the objects or situations with which they are associated and color inclinations can predict consumers' behavior. Colors instil graphic representations in packaging, advertising, and branding. Colors are also considered a significant part of our psychological and biological heritage. The cultural and social trends greatly influence the meaning of a color. Therefore, it is both challenging and rewarding to study the color psychology because of the various figurative meanings of colors in the various cultures. In this paper we will study the color psychology in marketing based on survey of 75 mostly Saudi respondents from different age groups and both genders. We will consider the impact of color on dependability, quality and inexpensiveness of the items being marketed. We argue that a cultural perspective of color research and application is vital for developing marketing strategies for the Saudi market


Policy Development and Evaluation Service UNHCR's Policy Development and Evaluation Service (PDES) is committed to the systematic examination and assessment of UNHCR policies, programmes, projects and practices. PDES also promotes rigorous research on issues related to the work of UNHCR and encourages an active exchange of ideas and information between humanitarian practitioners, policymakers and the research community. All of these activities are undertaken with the purpose of strengthening UNHCR's operational effectiveness, thereby enhancing the organization's capacity to fulfil its mandate on behalf of refugees and other displaced people. The work of the unit is guided by the principles of transparency, independence, consultation, relevance and integrity. All PDES evaluation reports are placed in the public domain. Electronic versions are posted on the UNHCR website and hard copies can be obtained by contacting PDES. They may be quoted, cited and copied, provided that the source is acknowledged. The views expressed in PDES publications are not necessarily those of UNHCR. The designations and maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion or recognition on the part of UNHCR concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities.


. Objective. In this article, the unevenness of pile height length was analysed in complex fabrics. During the research, characteristics, structures, shapings and the piles of towel samples have studied. In this research, the advantages and disadvantages of the complex weavings were analyzed and some recommendations gave below. Methods. During the research, weaving samples were weaved on ITEMA 9500 machine and RF 505 Picanie machine. An unevenness of pile height length was measured by hand methods, and in this process, linear, tweezers and black flat table were used to get results. Results. In the research, three samples have taken for the experiment in one square metre of fabric. The piles of each sample were measured on both two sides: back and face. The length of the towel sample pile was different. Conclusion. The samples that were weaved on the ITEMA 9500 machine at the factory of "ARTSOFTTEX" were given the best results. Because the samples unevenness of the pile height had been more even than others. When we use more even threads and made the balance of tension for the weaving towels possibly, then we can get more even pile towels.


Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmentally ubiquitous and predominately cause pulmonary disease (NTMPD). The incidence of NTMPD has steadily increased and is now more prevalent than that of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) in the US. Moreover, the prevalence of NTMPD increases with age; therefore, it is likely that the burden of NTMPD will continue to increase in the coming decades as the number of those over the age of 65 increased in the U.S population. However, the mechanisms leading to higher susceptibility and severity of NTMPD with aging are poorly defined. Here, we used a rhesus macaque model of intrabronchial infection with M. avium complex in young and aged animals to address this knowledge gap. Unilateral infection resulted in a robust inflammatory response predominantly in the inoculated lung, however, immune cell infiltration and antigen-specific T cell responses were detected in both lungs. Nasal, oral, and fecal swabs, and BAL samples were profiled using 16S amplicon sequencing. These data suggested that decompartmentalization of the lower respiratory microbiome was occurring, evidenced by detection of bacterial DNA typically found in the gut and oral-pharyngeal cavity in bronchoalveolar samples following infection. Radiographic studies, gross pathology, and histopathology examination revealed increased disease severity in aged compared to young animals with pulmonary consolidation, edema, and lesions. Finally, single cell RNA sequencing indicated that aged animals generated a dysregulated macrophage and CD8 T cell response to MAC infection.


In this paper, a decision-support tool named HYDROPTIM has been developed that allows the flow
management in a large scale water systems including reservoirs, open channels for water transport,
water treatment plants, pressurized water pipe networks, tanks, flow/pressure control elements and a
telemetry/telecontrol system. Predictive optimal control is used to generate flow control strategies from
the sources to the consumer areas to meet future demands with appropriate pressure levels, optimizing
operational goals such as network safety volumes and flow control stability. The tool allows as well to
build the network model graphically and then to automatically generate the model equations used by
the predictive optimal controller. Additionally, the tool can work off-line (in simulation) and on-line
(in real-time mode). The case study of Guadiana River is presented to exemplify the control results
obtained using the tool.


The selection process for PPA Scholarship students currently at Pakarti Luhur AMIK is not subjective, namely through meeting results so that the accuracy of the results is reduced. This decision is adjusted by several requirements criteria so that the selection of PPA scholarship recipients in accordance with the requirements contained in the Pakarti Luhur scholarship can be chosen, which is based on the Academic Achievement Scholarship (PPA) guidelines, circulated by the Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education. This study is in the form of a case study with research and development methods whose subject of research is the Information and Computer Management Academy of Pakarti Luhur. This model is designed for the selection process of students who have the opportunity to win PPA scholarships, with the Naive Bayes method used. The results of the model with the Naive Bayes Method in the process of selecting desktop-based PPA Scholarship winners display features of data class input menu, input data requirements, student input to be selected, data conversion process to training data, validation process, and data testing. The results of the model design can provide objective results and ease in helping to carry out the selection process. The test results also show that the use of the Naive Bayes method can be used as an alternative in making decisions in the selection of PPA Scholarship students who have an accuracy of 93.4783%.


The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) is a comprehensive traffic safety tool that allows administrators, planners, engineers, and other agency representatives to make informed decisions about programs for highway safety improvement. Part C of the HSM contains predictive models for quantifying the safety of roadways and intersections; these models require significant data inputs. Because the models were developed with data from specific states, the HSM recommends the use of a calibration factor to account for local conditions when a model is applied elsewhere. The calibration process uses a set of sites and criteria for calculating the calibration factor. The accuracy and the precision of these models depend on the calibration process that develops the factor. This study evaluated the HSM calibration criteria's guidance for two-lane, two-way undivided urban arterial roadways and examined a method for improving the accuracy and precision of calibration factors. A sensitivity analysis used calibration sets of various sizes in a Monte Carlo simulation to resample sites. Results indicated that the current HSM criterion of 30 to 50 sites was insufficient for evaluating locations with many sites and that the minimum threshold of observed crashes per year should be reconsidered. A traffic volume analysis revealed a strong correlation between the traffic volume distribution of all sites in a jurisdiction in comparison with selected sites. This relationship was directly linked to the derivation of high-quality calibration factors. The ratio formula for the calibration factor in Part C, Appendix A, of the HSM was validated through another site allocation strategy. The findings provide prompts for future research into enhancing the HSM calibration process.


The elemental composition of the inner ear fluid-filled compartments has been analyzed using the x-ray energy dispersive technique (CBA mouse). Special attention has been focused on the maturation of endolymph. A few days before and after birth the relative peak intensity of potassium (R k ) in the vestibular endolymphatic compartment was slightly surpassing that in the cochlear part of the labyrinth. From the fourth day after birth (DAB) a rapid increase occurred concerning the R k . The highest R k was found in the endolymphatic space in the basal part of the cochlea followed by that in the vestibular endolymph. The lowest R k was measured in endolymph of the apical part of the cochlea. These obvious differences were abandoned already on the sixth DAB. A mature composition of endolymph was reached on the eighth DAB. The present technique does not allow analyses of differences between cochlear and vestibular endolymph with regard to minimal shifts.


The experimental results of single-event burnout (SEB) of super-junction power MOSFETs are reported for the first time in comparison with those of standard MOSFETs. Similar tendencies were observed from both results. While a super-junction MOSFET (SJ-MOSFET) has an attractive electrical performance such as low on-resistance and high breakdown voltage, the experiment demonstrated that there was no structural advantage in SEB tolerance.


Cutting torque and thrust force should be the main output variables in the designing of drilling control systems. In the paper, a method for estimating the cutting torque in the drilling process by using a probabilistic incremental program evolution (PIPE) algorithm is proposed. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


This article analyzed the development and innovation of sprots goods and sports industry of China by methods of materials and analysis.It indicates that it will be hard to cast off the destiny of decline if we only depend on the manufacture community which assembles the advantages of cost.Innovation is the important means to delay the life period of industry community,elevate the competition predominance and promote the continuable development.The purpose of this article is to offer some advices for the government and sports goods factory when they set down new rules.


Orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam generation has been investigated using all-fibre and free space configurations. In the first approach, the composite fused coupler is based on a single mode fibre (SMF) and an air-core fibre. The second approach exploits geometrical phase introduced by nanostructuring of silica glass. Both approaches are demonstrated to achieve power coupling efficiencies in excess of 80% at telecom wavelengths.


Objective To investigate the effect of valsartan on the levels of P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with hypertension,so as to supply a new evidence for the prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis.Methods Forty patients with hypertension and 40 healthy controls were determined the serum levels of P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 before treatment.Forty patients with hypertension were treated with valsartan for 8 weeks and observed its influence on the blood pressure and P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9.Results(1) The serum levels of P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 increased significantly in patients with hypertension(P0.01).(2)Valsartan significantly decreased the serum levels of P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with hypertension(P0.05).(3)The serum levels of P-selectin had a positive correlation to the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with essential hypertension(r=0.443,P=0.007).Both of P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels had no correlation with blood pressure.Conclusion(1) The serum levels of P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are markedly elevated in patients with essential hypertension.Additionally,the serum levels of P-selectin are positively correlated with that of matrix metalloproteinase-9,suggesting the existing of the development of atherosclerosis in mild to moderate essential hypertension.(2) The elevated levels of P-selectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 are significantly attenuated with valsartan in patients with hypertension,which may be a new anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of ARB.


After another resounding African National Congress (ANC) victory at the polls, Thabo Mbeki began his second term as president on 27 April 2004—ten years to the day after the historic elections that brought nonracial democracy to South Africa. The indelible images of the 1994 general elections depict the snaking queues of patient voters on election day and the crowds cheering at the inauguration of Nelson Mandela as the country's first popularly chosen president. But just weeks earlier such a storybook ending had looked improbable, as groups opposed to the new constitutional order appeared bent on violently disrupting South Africa's founding elections. The government of the former black "homeland" of Bophuthatswana, for example, was blocking election preparations and reconsidered only when national troops arrived to crush its resistance. An even more ominous situation loomed in the KwaZulu homeland, where a week and a half before election day the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) government vowed noncooperation. With arms caches rumored to be spread throughout the region's hilly countryside, many feared a bloody military confrontation. Meanwhile, white right-wing extremists backed the intransigence of the homelands, and on the eve of the elections set off a bomb in Johannesburg's international airport. Fast-forward ten years to April 2004, and the picture is very different: The run-up to South Africa's third democratic national election lacks dramatic security threats; the ANC commands a national majority of roughly two-thirds and occupies most of the center of the political spectrum; and most of those opposed to the 1994 elections now accept Rod Alence is senior lecturer in international relations at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. A former Fulbright scholar in Ghana, he won the American Political Science Association's 2002 award for best doctoral dissertation in political economy. He spent South Africa's first decade of democracy based at universities and research institutions in that country.


This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of how SfD is delivered in Zambian communities, paying particular attention to those who are central to this provision; namely, Zambian peer leaders. In doing so, the chapter addresses a number of topics that have frequently featured elsewhere in the SfD literature, in studies that have largely focused on specific programmes. This chapter offers a contrasting and complementary approach that follows Long's (2001) view that the boundaries of specific programmes cannot be clearly demarcated. Therefore, we examine approaches and provision across the range of SfD organizations with which we have undertaken research. The chapter addresses a number of topics that have frequently featured elsewhere in the SfD literature. In comparison with studies undertaken by others, which have largely focused on specific programmes, it offers a contrasting and complementary approach. Again following Long's (2001) view that the boundaries of specific programmes cannot be clearly demarcated, we instead examine approaches and provision across the range of SfD organizations with which we have undertaken research. Although most of our work has been conducted with the NGOs EduSport and Sport in Action, it has also involved other SfD organizations operating in Lusaka communities, and further examples are drawn from these. The chapter does not, therefore, attempt to investigate causal relationships between particular SfD programmes and their outcomes, nor does it propose particular models for 'effective' SfD delivery. Instead, by examining SfD practices across different programmes and organizations, it aims to develop fuller knowledge than more narrowly focused research or evaluation can provide. Throughout the chapter, there is an ongoing focus on the role of peer leaders in SfD delivery. Peer leaders are central to SfD approaches and provision in Zambia, including in the two NGOs with which we have worked most frequently. The involvement of young people in the delivery of SfD is common across the movement, so much so that Nicholls (2009: 167) describes SfD as occurring 'on the backs of peer educators'. However, despite the prominence of


SUMMARY

Phosphate sorption was measured by the method of Barrow (1980) using a laboratory incubation procedure for up to 60 d on four soils which had different mineralogies but medium to high phosphate retention. All the soils had slow reactions where phosphate sorption continued, but at a decreasing rate, with time. The rate of decrease in the slow reactions was similar on all the soils. Phosphate became less available to plants during the slow reactions, and results of a pot trial with white clover showed that, on all the soils, phosphate incubated with the soils for 218 d was about 65% as effective as phosphate incubated for 10d.

When 700 mg P kg−1 was added to allophanic soils (Andisols), about 100 mg kg−1 was strongly adsorbed, about 200 mg kg−1 became unavailable in about 200 days and the remainder was weakly adsorbed. A similar result was obtained on Waiarikiki soil (Inceptisol), which contained ferrihydrite and Al-humus as the predominant reactive species. On the Kerikeri soil (Oxisol) about 150 mg P kg−1 became unavailable with time as a result of reactions with geothite, hematite and Al-humus.

The phosphate uptake by the microbial biomass was similar to the uptake by the clover, and immobilization of phosphate in the biomass can contribute to the loss of availability of phosphate in soils.


Bacillus denitrification was evaluated by the experiment for chemical wastewater treatment in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), results showed that bacillus can accelerate nitrification on the process of aeration; the relative low percentage of biodegradation substance influences the assimilation of bacillus, and bacillus denitrification through assimilation ensues from bacillus-accelerated nitrification. Meanwhile, the sludge concentration will reach a relative level after a successive running of SBR, which indicates that bacillus can readjust to anaerobic-aerobic treatment system, and is the dominant species in sludge.


An application based on open-code source resources is developed to allow remote operation of test instruments over the web. The application was deployed using LINUX, JAVA, and CamServ and shows potential use as a didactic tool, as well as in laboratories dealing with different types of test instruments. The tool is an alternative to commercial applications used with the same purposes. Specification and development issues are described, as well as testing and validation schemes.


We study the following initial-boundary value problem for the nonlocal Whitham equation u/sub t/+N(u)+Ku=0, (x,t) /spl isin/R/sup +//spl times/R/sup +/, u(x,0)=u~(x), x/spl isin/R/sup +/, where the nonlinearity is N(u)=u/sub x/u and K is the pseudodifferential operator on the half-line of order /spl alpha/ satisfying 1</spl alpha/<2 and some dissipative conditions. We prove that if the initial data are such that x/sup /spl delta//u~/spl isin/L/sup 1/, with /spl delta//spl isin/(0, 1/2 ) and the norm /spl par/u~/spl par/X/sup +//spl par/x/sup /spl delta//u~/spl par/(L/sup 1/) is sufficiently small, where X={/spl psi//spl isin/(L/sup 1/), /spl psi/'/spl isin/L/sup 1/;/spl par//spl psi//spl par/x=/spl par//spl psi//spl par/(L/sup 1/)+/spl par//spl psi//sub x//spl par/(L/sup 1/)</spl infin/}, then there exists a unique solution u/spl isin/C ([0, +/spl infin/); L/sup 2/)/spl cap/C(R/sup +/, H/sup 1/) of the initial-value problem (1), where H/sup k/ is the Sobolev space with norm /spl par//spl phi//spl par/(H/sup k/)=/spl par/(1-/spl part//sub 2//sup x/)k/2/spl phi//spl par/(L/sup 2/). We also study large time asymptotics of the solutions.


Addition of inhibitors can provide a cost-effective method for controlling internal corrosion of pipelines. To select appropriate inhibitors and their concentrations, several laboratory experiments are usually performed. Test methodologies to evaluate inhibitors for a particular field should be carried out to simulate the conditions in the pipeline. Because several interacting parameters influence corrosion, and hence inhibitor performance, simulation of field operating conditions in the laboratory is often difficult. In this paper, user-friendly software to optimize the laboratory experimental conditions to simulate field operating conditions is discussed. The merits of the program in selecting commercial inhibitors and in designing cost-effective inhibitors for future application are described.Copyright © 1998 by Minister of Natural Resources Canada


1,25(OH)2D3 induces gene expression through the VDR. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques to explore this 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced process on the 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3‐24‐hydroxylase (Cyp24) and Opn gene promoters in intact osteoblasts. Our studies show that 1,25(OH)2D3‐induced transactivation is a dynamic process that involves promoter‐specific localization of VDR and RXR, recruitment of histone acetyltransferase complexes, and in the case of the Cyp24 gene, modification of histone 4.


Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the commuter's intentions to use future urban rail transport in Phnom Penh, the Capital City of Cambodia, are measured within a sample of motorcyclists. This study is an application of the theory of planned behavior to investigate psychological factors that can potentially help explaining the likelihood of future urban rail usage. A set of survey questionnaire is conducted with TPB core constructs, namely, subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavioral control. Questionnaire is used to ask potential passengers, motorcyclists, who travel along the Kampuchea Krom and Russian Boulevards, a planned sky train line linking the Central Market in CBD to the airport. The result from the structural equation model reveals that attitude, subjective and perceived behavioral control significantly influence the behavioral intention towards future sky train usage. The outcome of the study can help understanding commuter's current behavior and shade some ideas on the feasibility of such an investment in terms of potential demand.


The paper deals with the techniques for mathematical simulation of the geophysical field evolution in phase space with spherical functions basis. The model of the field evolution as an explicit function of coordinates and time has been developed. With the fixed time moment this model determines the state of the field in each point of the area under study, and with the fixed coordinates the evolution of the field in this point. The model describes the field evolution as a vector-function with time parameter in phase space with spherical functions basis and phase coordinates functions of time characterizing the field state. The phase coordinates of the geophysical field are presented by harmonic coefficients received from the results of the harmonic analysis in phase space on a series of epochs. The evolution process is given as a phase path. The present technique is applied for simulating the evolution of the terrestrial planetary and local gravitational field.


The most relevant questions of international payment relationship are issued in this article; author analyzed some methods for resolution of conflict of law problem in this sphere. There are also some propositions for resolution of formulated problems in sense of Russian legislation's reformation in international private law sphere in this article.


The flow and heat transfer rates inside a condenser depend on the specification of inlet, wall, and exit conditions. For steady/quasi-steady internal condensing flows (that involve compressible vapor at low Mach Numbers), the vapor's ability to change its density — and hence interfacial mass transfer rates and associated locations of the interface — allows the flow to have a rather significant dependence on exit conditions. Both experimental and direct computational simulation results presented here show that this is indeed the case for flows of pure vapor experiencing film condensation on the inside walls of a vertical tube. In applications, the totality of boundary conditions are determined not only by the condenser; but also by the flow-loop (or the system) — of which the condenser is only a part. Therefore, the results outlined here should contribute towards a better understanding of the behavior (particularly the extent to which vapor compressibility effects affect the flow regimes of operation — i.e. annular, plug/churn, etc.) and response (transients due to start-up, system instabilities, etc.) of condensers in application systems (e.g. Rankine Cycle power plants, Capillary Pumped Loops, Looped Heat Pipes, etc.). In this connection, an experimental example of a relevant system instability is presented here. In summary, the experimental results presented here, and computational results presented elsewhere, reinforce the fact that there exist multiple steady solutions (with different heat transfer rates) for different exit conditions and that there also exists a "natural" steady solution for straight vertical condensers (circular and rectangular cross-sections).© 2005 ASME


In this study, the circulating hemocytes of the hard clam (Meretrix lusoria) were characterized by light and electron microscopic observations and simultaneously compared with those of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). First, two cell types, granulocytes and agranulocytes, were identified based on the existence of cytoplasmic granules under light microscopy. The hemocytes were then stained and the granulocytes subclassifed into eosinophilic and basophilic granulocytes. In the oyster, three types of granulocytes were observed: eosinophilic, basophilic and an intermix. Conversely, the main type of granulocyte in the hard clam was eosinophilic granulocytes, and distinctive small and large granules were recognized. Agranulocytes in the hard clam could be subdivided into hyalinocytes and blast-like cells. Another cell type, vesicular cells, was observed in the oyster as unclassified cells. To further characterize hemocyte populations in both species, transmission electron microscopic observations were carried out. In hard clam granulocytes, abundant electron-dense cytoplasmic granules of two distinctive sizes were observed as recognized in light microscopy. However, two granulocyte types with either electron-dense or electron-lucent granules were found in the oyster, with the latter likely being basophilic granulocytes, which were seldom found in the hard clam. In addition, hemocytes with few or no cytoplasmic granules, and possessing few organelles such as mitochondria, Golgi complexes, and endoplasmic reticula, were found in the agranulocytes of both species. Blast-like cells, however, were particular in the hard clam in that they were small and had a high nucleus: cytoplasm ratio, while lacking most organelles, except mitochondria.


The article tackles the peculiarities of specialized language, particularly the diplomatic language in the domains of interest such as particular knowledge and terminology. Various approaches, definitions, classifications regarding metalogisms are revealed, which have an indisputable importance in validation of the diplomatic language. The study approach reflects the complexity and diversity of metalogisms, as well as the notorious names in the field of linguistics and semantics. Moreover, the analysis of metalogisms brings us closer to the idea that, despite the terminology and technical aspects, the specialized languages denote an indisputable aesthetic value.


We report the self-assembly of polyelectrolyte homopolymers such as poly(acrylic acid) with imogolite to generate stable tubular structures, which were several micrometers in diameter and millimeters in length with no hierarchical ordered structure. No special polymer architecture or interaction was required for the assembly.


Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has long been considered a complex and disabling psychiatric condition, marked by intrusive and unwanted imagery (obsessions) that is usually accompanied by ritualized behavior designed to neutralize the obsessions. Treatment research has shown that, for those who complete treatment, significant improvement can be achieved (Simpson et al., 2011; Storch, Geffken, et al., 2007). There is a growing consensus that the first-line psychosocial treatment for OCD is exposure with response prevention (ERP; McKay et al., 2013; Olatunji et al., 2013). In the case of children, meta-analyses have shown that ERP is highly efficacious, with large effect sizes (mean d = 1.98; Abramowitz, Whiteside, & Deacon, 2005). Indeed, practice parameters recommend ERP monotherapy as the treatment of choice for mild and moderate cases, and together with antidepressant medication for only the most severe presentation. Although this augurs well for the treatment of children with OCD, not all children respond to treatment and ERP dissemination remains a challenge. Accordingly, this special issue is devoted to cases involving variations in treatment delivery and symptom presentation in childhood OCD. The articles that form this special issue address a variety of special circumstances that take the reader beyond the findings from randomized controlled trials that evaluate the efficacy of ERP in general. Instead, these cases help the reader understand the issue of comorbidity and how to successfully contend with it during treatment, and provide a peek at several promising avenues that are emerging in the treatment of childhood OCD. These include addressing family-related complications in treatment delivery, specific developmental phases (i.e., in very young children), Also examined in this special are cases with under severe stigmatizing conditions, when symptoms present with complex comorbidities, and evaluation of interventios that by capitalizes on technological advances in service delivery.


O n June 30, two years after she became the first woman ever to head the U.S. government's premier biomedical institution, Bernadine Healy leaves NIH. But many of the initiatives she has launched will continue to flourish long after Healy leaves the institution. During her term, Healy put women's health issues high on the NIH agenda and launched the Women's Health Initiative, a 14-year, $625 million clinical megastudy of 150,000 women to examine the causes of death and disability in women as they age. Healy added another feather to her cap when she recruited geneticist Francis Collins to head the Human Genome Project and to set up a new intramural program in human genetics. Collins, in turn, is recruiting some of the best and brightest geneticists to NIH. Healy also led an unprecedented effort to develop an NIH Strategic Plan. Called Investmentfor Humanity, the plan is a loose framework to guide scientists nationwide as they plan for the future of biomedical research. As part of this endeavor, Healy brought together more than 2,000 representatives of the scientific community to define priorities and develop a vision for NIH. As a farewell tribute to Healy, The Catalyst is reprinting the introduction to the NIH Strategic Plan (see page 4). We also asked Healy to answer three questions. She obliged. Her answers to our questions are published on page 5. — S.K. m Report of the Task Force on the Status of NIH Intramural women Scientists


Leaching experiments of gold and silver from roasted concentrate were carried out using a chlorine-hypochlorite solution. The leaching rate of gold was 75% at 1.5:1 ratio of chlorine and hypochlorite and increased to 81% with adding 1 M NaCl. However, at 1% pulp density and at , the leaching rates of Au were close to 100%. XRD analysis identified quartz in the solid residues after digestion of roasted concentrate with aqua regia or chlorine-hypochloride leaching solution. This suggests that the gold may not be leached out of the quartz in aqua regia or chlorine-hypochlorite solution. In order to leach the gold from the quartz, the concentrate will have to be pre-treated through ultra-fine grinding or treated with stronger oxidative agents.


Whether a new metro line should be built is an important investment decision problem.This paper studies the metro line design problem in a multi-modal network with elastic demand.Suppose that there are three alternative travel modes,namely car,walk-metro and car-metro.The interaction between the traffic planner and manger and the network users can be formulated as a bi-level hierarchical problem.The upper level aims to maximize the total social welfare by determining whether to construct a new metro line,while the lower level is a user equilibrium model that considers the choices of users on travel routes,parking facilities and travel modes.A branch-and-bound method is developed to solve the proposed model.A numerical example is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model and solution algorithm.The numerical results show that the different investment schemes will significantly influence the travelers' choice behavior and the performance of the network.


In this paper, we analyze the feasibility of using LoRa, an emerging low-power wide-area networking technology, in indoor localization. We define seven criteria upon which a wireless technology's prospect as an indoor localization system depends largely. For comparison, we take two other popular wireless technologies (BLE and WiFi) that have been previously proposed in many modern indoor localization systems. We deploy these three technologies in multiple line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight indoor scenarios including corridors, open spaces, spaces with a varying number of walls, and across floors of multi-storied buildings. Considering the coverage, stability and regularity of signals, accuracy of localization, responsiveness, power, and cost–we conclude that LoRa is a feasible choice for indoor localization solution, especially in wide and tall indoor environments like warehouses and multi-storied buildings.


In our hospital during 10 years (1976-1985), 79 children aged 1-10 years were operated for acute appendicitis. Only one child (1.3%) was found to have a node on the appendix.


Since 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge impact on the global economy. In fact, as early as the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, it has deeply revealed the complexity of the macroeconomic system, the systemic importance of the financial sector and its high sensitivity to economic exogenous shocks. As an important part of the financial market, bond has a very important impact on the current economic development. Through the study of the current world economy, this paper finds that the epidemic is an unexpected event that changes the world power, the world pattern and the world economic relations, and will bring a profound impact on the world economy. Perhaps the most important change, pre - and post-pandemic, is that the challenges facing humanity will be even greater. The economic growth of developed economies is also unstable due to the impact of the epidemic. The growth of developing countries and emerging economies is more unstable, the risk of inflation and deflation will alternate, and the debt and financial risks are increasing. The risk of supply chain restructuring and supply chain relinking will alternate. A bond market is a place where the government can raise funds in a credit way to balance fiscal revenues and expenditures, which can play a role in promoting economic development. However, the excessive development of the bond market has a negative impact on economic growth and even poses a threat to economic stability. In this regard, this paper puts forward suggestions from the government, enterprise decision-makers and investors to promote the healthy development of the economy.


This article reports an archival investigation of the history of a rare visual arts education documentary film produced in 1960, under the auspices of the Australian UNESCO Committee for the Visual Arts. Approach to Art Teaching, was intended to showcase the development of innovative curriculum policies in New South Wales (NSW) art education. Included in UNESCO's commitment to sponsoring arts education internationally, the film was exhibited in several countries. The article comments on a debate that led to the film's producers being dubbed "methodists" in relation to the perception that the film advocated an interventionist model of art teaching. The article analyzes the film as an artifact of changes to the conceptualization of art education in a specific context in the early 1960s.


Circulating immune cell numbers and phenotypes are impacted by high-intensity acute bouts of exercise and infection history with the latent herpesviruses cytomegalovirus (CMV). In particular, CMV infection history impairs the exercise-induced mobilization of cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells 1 (ILC1) cells, also known as NK cells, in the blood. However, it remains unknown whether exercise and CMV infection modulate the mobilization of traditionally tissue-resident non-cytotoxic ILCs into the peripheral blood compartment. To address this question, 22 healthy individuals with or without CMV (20–35 years—45% CMVpos) completed 30 min of cycling at 70% VO2 max, and detailed phenotypic analysis of circulating ILCs was performed at rest and immediately post-exercise. We show for the first time that a bout of high-intensity exercise is associated with an influx of ILCs that are traditionally regarded as tissue-resident. In addition, this is the first study to highlight that latent CMV infection blunts the exercise-response of total ILCs and progenitor ILCs (ILCPs). These promising data suggest that acute exercise facilitates the circulation of certain ILC subsets, further advocating for the improvements in health seen with exercise by enhancing cellular mobilization and immunosurveillance, while also highlighting the indirect deleterious effects of CMV infection in healthy adults.


The electrification of transport is expected to cause an increase in electrical demand and necessitate significant network investments to accommodate it. However, due to considerable uncertainty over long-term power system developments, there is a need for investment options that offer managerial flexibility and for planning frameworks that can exploit it. This paper presents the application of a multi-stage stochastic planning framework that captures multi-dimensional uncertainty, integrates Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) as smart investment alternatives, and quantifies their Option Values. The case studies on the power system of Great Britain, highlight the significant value of G2V and V2G as investment options and demonstrate the wider system benefits of their integration, including effects on renewable generation curtailment and CO2 emissions. The observations can be generalized for any power system with large penetration of renewable generation and provide evidence for the idea of planning with G2V and V2G to relevant stakeholders.


The role of communication in embroidery has increased through the diversity of cultural or heritage. Motif in textile possess an important communicative role as an extension of spoken and written language. This research focuses on motif of Selayah Keringkam embroidery as a content to be delivered through communication channels, 4C's Effective Communication that consists of Comprehension, Connection, Credibility and Contagiousness. Mix methods have been using in this study by distributing 50 set of questionnaires and in-depth interview session with related authorities. Conceptual framework in this study aims to position Selayah Keringkam embroidery among tourist to raise awareness of this cultural product.


In vitro-grown shoot tips of naranjilla (Solanum quitoense var. quitoense) were criopreserved by vitrification. Shoot tips (1 - 3 mm) from 5 week-old in vitro-grown plantlets were excised and pre-cultured on different culture mediums (MS + 0.4M, 0.5M, 0.6M and 0.7M of sucrose) for 7 days under a 16/8 hour photoperiod at 23 °C. These explants were treated in a 2 mL cryo-tube with a solution of 2M glycerol and 0.4M sucrose at 26°C for 25 minutes and where then dehydrated with 1 mL of pre-cooled PVS 2 solution at 4°C and 26°C for 60 minutes.


Stratigraphic patterns and sequence development in tectonically active extensional basins remain poorly documented in comparison with passive‐margin settings. Rift basin fills are generally characterized by coarsening‐upward trends in response to the rapid creation of accommodation by extensional faulting, and the progressive filling of graben during more quiescent periods. The Early Permian Irwin River Coal Measures in the Northern Perth Basin (Western Australia) record a complex stratigraphic arrangement of conglomerate, sandstone, mudstone and coal, and have been attributed to delta plain depositional environments that developed in a cool–temperate climatic setting during syn‐rift activity. Sedimentary analysis of outcrop and core data from the fault‐bounded Irwin Terrace is used to distinguish nine facies associations reflecting deposition in braided rivers, fixed‐anastomosed channel belts, tide‐influenced coastal environments and storm‐affected distal bays. The broader depositional system is interpreted as a morphologically asymmetrical tide‐dominated embayment with a fluvial and wave influence. The stratigraphic architecture of the Irwin River Coal Measures was strongly influenced by the evolving rift basin margin. Fault reactivation of the major basin‐bounding Darling Fault in the early syn‐rift phase caused footwall uplift and the inception of transverse palaeo‐valleys occupied by braided fluvial systems. Fault block subsidence during the subsequent balanced, backstepping and drowning phases resulted in a dominantly retrogradational stacking pattern indicating progressive flooding of marginal‐marine areas and culminating in deposition of distal marine elements. In the active rift basin, it is proposed that preservation of a shallow‐marine syn‐rift sequence was promoted by the geomorphological confinement of the embayed system increasing tidal current acceleration and hampering transgressive ravinement. The proposed sequence model demonstrates that transgressive successions can develop in the early syn‐rift phase in response to footwall uplift and tectonic subsidence. The syn‐rift sequence recording the filling of an embayment on a rift basin margin may be applied in similar tectonic and/or depositional contexts worldwide.


The accelerated aging and increased longevity in Brazil bring many problems that affect the elderly population. Regarding the issue of housing, the lack of family care and financials lead the elderly to seek new ways of living. Thus, there is a concern for maintaining both the health and the quality of life of these people. Currently there are not many public policies related to housing for the elderly specifically. This article aims to show how the lives of the elderly in the retirement home can be enjoyable and beneficial.


This research is aimed at analyzing on how the participatory leadership applied by the village chief by a case study in the Village of Baregbeg, Sub-district of Baregbeg, Ciamis Regency of 2017. This study uses qualitative methods that produce descriptive data obtained through library studies, observation and interview. The results showed that the participatory leadership applied by the village chief had influenced subordinates and community participation in the form of his thoughts and ideas to develop their village. From the analysis of the results, it had been known more optimally the village chief can apply his leadership by implementing participatory by involving subordinate's community for any developmental program while observing conditions of education and socio-cultural of community. The leadership and and socio-cultural of community.


Aluminum alloys based on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system classified under high strength light alloys, find a large scale application in aerospace sector. In the present study, heat treatment of an Aluminum alloy with Al-8Zn-2Mg-2Cu wt.% (AA7449) was carried out. Heat treatment parameters were optimized based on hardness and conductivity measurements. The mechanisms of strengthening in primary and secondary aged states are explained using hardness and conductivity measurements. Conductivity generally showed an increasing trend with increase in aging time, which could be attributed to decrease in the lattice distortion of the Aluminum matrix with increase in aging time. The dissolution of GP zones and formation of other metastable phases like η' and stable phase like η were found to reduce the supersaturation in the matrix as the precipitation growth and coarsening processes are completed during overaging. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study was carried out to confirm the peak-aging regime. Selected Area Diffraction (SAD) patterns were recorded where GP zones and η' precipitates were observed in the bright field images to establish their nature. The mechanical properties were correlated with the TEM observations and was suggested that a critical distribution of GP zones and η' precipitates is essential to achieve peak strength in Al-Zn-Mg alloys.


This chapter uses Herta Muller's Nobel Prize win to explore issues of authorship and celebrity. Focusing on how Muller has been perceived as both an intensely private individual and a broadly representative figure, it considers how the author's physical body relates to her literary corpus: the author's 'two bodies'. I adapt celebrity theory and the work of Pierre Bourdieu to show how a literary author who is subject to sudden and sustained media attention ('celebrification') repeatedly finds one body substituted for the other in the multiple value systems into which she is inserted. Teasing out how this happens in the months from September to December 2009, I invite the reader to reflect on wider processes of consumption surrounding literature and individual intellectual achievement. My aims are twofold: to encourage further sustained analysis of Muller's literary authorship within a complex media context, and to consider how the strategies she has developed in response to various public constructions of her authorial person may modify current understandings of literary celebrity.


1. A steady state in physical systems does not mean the equilibrium. A nonequilibrium steady state is recently studied by many physicists. The invalidity of detailed balance is one of the most important characteristics of the steady state far from equilibrium [1-3]. The principle of detailed balance (PDB) is usualy expressed by the time reversal symmetry of two-times joint probabilities [1-4]. It is however hard to obtain the joint probabilities from actual data of fluctuations. The purpose of this work is to obtain the representation of PDB by moments which are easily computed from the actual data.


Combined with the policy and the environment of the new rural construction,the author studies the non-material cultural heritage and the landscape planning in the rural,analyzes the problems,and discusses the reasonable solution of the landscape planning,the protection of the non-material cultural heritage and the creation of the harmonious intergrowth environment.


The purpose of this manual is to provide professor's in engineering classes which the background necessary to use student team projects effectively. This manual describes some of the characteristics of student teams and how to use them in class. It provides a set of class activities and films which can be used to introduce and support student teams. Finally, a set of teaching modules used in freshmen, sophomore, and senior aeronautical engineering classes are presented. This manual was developed as part of a NASA sponsored project to improve the undergraduate education of aeronautical engineers. The project has helped to purchase a set of team work films which can be checked out from Cal Poly's Learning Resources Center in the Kennedy Library. Research for this project has included literature reviews on team work and cooperative learning; interviews, observations, and surveys of Cal Poly students from Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering and Psychology; participation in the Aeronautical Engineering senior design lab; and interviews with engineering faculty. In addition to this faculty manual, there is a student team work manual which has been designed to help engineering students work better in teams.


Lung cancer is currently the most common malignant disease and the leading cause of mortality in the world and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 75-80% of lung cancer cases. miR-155 gene was found to be over expressed in several solid tumors, such as thyroid carcinoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, cervical cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and lung cancer. The aims of this study were to define the expression of miR-155 in lung cancer and its associated clinic-pathologic characteristics. Total RNA was purified from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded NSCLC tissues and benign lung tissues. Expression of miR-155 in human lung cancer tissues were evaluated as mean fold changes of miR-155 in cancer tissues compared to benign lung tissues by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR) and associations of miR-155 expression with clinic-pathologic findings of cancer. Compared with the benign control group, miR-155 expression was significantly overexpressed in NSCLCs (p=<0.001). miR-155 was more overexpressed in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma. Poorly differentiated tumors showed significantly overexpression of miR-155 than well-differentiated tumors (p=<0.001). Overexpression of miR-155 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p=<0.05). In survival analysis for all NSCLC patients, high miR-155 expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (p=<0.05). These results suggested that miR-155 might play an important role in lung cancer progression and metastasis.


The urban industrial cluster is across-industry cluster.It relies on the particular urban function and the developing environment,contacting with urban fundamental industry,kit industry and the service industry.Its growth is divided into sprouting,developing and maturing.The method that identifying it includes the scale identification,the contact identification,the space gathers degree identification and the creative degree in efficiency identification.The generation and development of urban industrial cluster need the common function of market mechanism and the government mechanism,and the programming is the guarantees of its sound development.


For a biometrics system, one of the principal challenges is to protect the biometric reference template, as if a malicious individual is able to obtain this template, the genuine user would not be able to reuse the biometric for any application. A solution may be to use a new form of authentication based on gesture recognition. This type of authentication has the added advantage that in the case of compromise, the gesture can be changed yet still retain the advantages of the biometric input. In this paper, we investigate whether it is feasible to implement a Gesture Recognition system on a personal limited device such as a smart card. To do this, we set out an experiment using sample gestures based on practical results of gesture authentication trials and an optimised version of Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm to analyse the data captured. We implemented them on both a contact Smart Card (SC) and the more powerful Samsung Galaxy S4 mobile phone, using Host Card Emulation (HCE). The result of this experiment was that it would take around a minute for the SC and a second for HCE.


Based on Chongqing five college undergraduates,the questionnaire survey to get data,using principal component analysis(pca) college counselors work,summed up in seven main aspects of college counselors work is verified the formation and development of undergraduates' innovation consciousness,innovation ability and improve has a positive role.College counselors work further on this basis,this article puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions are as follows: 1) build the school atmosphere of scientific research innovation,carry out a variety of science and technology innovation activities;2) to strengthen students' scientific research consciousness and innovative ability,stimulate students' creative potential;3) the student work combined with discipline construction to promote innovative talents cultivation;4) to do a good job of screening and equipped with the counselor.


Legal history is an indispensable discipline within the study of law! According to Theodor Mommsen, one of the most influential persons in German jurisprudence, it is necessary that history and law converge in order to allow an insight into how law functions. To explore the reasons and functions of older legal orders which paved the way for modern law means to understand the past of law as integrating part of its presence and future. Therefore the knowledge of how law developed is a condition for understanding today's law, implementing law, and further developing of law. Because a jurist is trained to think not only de lege lata but also de lege ferenda, he badly needs a precise memory of the brilliance as well as the deficiencies of former norms and sentences. Without experience no insight! If a lawyer is not aware of former solutions of legal problems and their dubious nature he ceases to be a member of the scientific community. Legal history thereby can also be a help to get rid of the past and to set out for new lands.


A paper by E. de Bazelaire (1986) describes the advantages, for the seismic velocity determination, of the equation with delay (t + t, )*= (to + t, )* + x*/V: over fhe conventional equation t* = to' + x*/v*. a' it also explains how, after the change of variable tp = ta + tr, the equation can be used to build time and veIocity sections in an automated manner. This paper follows on by proving that the time contours on the stacked section can be split into pieces of hyperbolas represented by the same equa tion with delay : it is therefore possible to perform an automated determination of the time contours, using the pattern recognition technique, by computing the characteristics of the hyperbolas : location x and ta of the apex,curaturetp and limits ; the velocities can then be extracted Srom the velocity section, along the time contours. The main steps of the process are : . signal processing on the seismic traces, in order tc avoid the phase effects ; . pattern recognition of hyperbolas, resulting in curvature and apex maps ; . image processing, to detect apexes, curvatures and limits and eliminate redundancies ; . extraction of the velocities along the time contours. The determination of the velocity contours is an essential link in the processing sequence which goes all the way from the automated construction of time and velocity sections to automated depth migration.


This paper describes an approach to match visual and acoustic parameters to produce an animated musical expression. Music may be generated to correspond to animation, as described here; imagery may be created to correspond to music; or both may be developed simultaneously. This approach is intended to provide new tools to facilitate both collaboration between visual artists and musicians and examination of perceptual issues between visual and acoustic media. As a proof-of-concept, a complete example is developed with linear fractals as a basis for the animation, and arranged rhythmic loops for the music. Since both visual and acoustic elements in the example are generated from concise specifications, the potential of this approach to create new works through parameter space exploration is accentuated, however, there are opportunities for application to a wide variety of source material. These additional applications are also discussed, along with issues encountered in development of the example.