This paper examines the effect of the perception of corruption on stock-price changes for intra-country peers in reaction to misconduct by a US-listed foreign firm. We find that investors react more negatively in the stock of the offending firm's intra-country peers when misconduct is committed by a foreign firm headquartered in a country that investors perceive as corrupt. Moreover, the effect of the perception of corruption on intra-country peer contagion is more pronounced for firms that are smaller in size, do not pay dividends, or are not monitored by a top-4 auditor. These results suggest that investors are more likely to lose trust in firms from a country with a perceived high degree of corruption when confronted with an adverse signal (i.e., misconduct) from that country.


Within the framework of time-dependent perturbation theory, general expressions are derived for the cross section of multiphoton processes induced by radiation acting on a hydrogen atom. Bound-bound transitions involving emission of a single quantum and bound-free transitions are calculated for a wide range of photon energies. In the case of resonance, the transition probability is also discussed. The procedure used to evaluate the sums over intermediate states is described. The numerical computation allows one to compare the results obtained for various competing processes.


The invention provides an anus expander seat with scale display, comprising a hollow body which comprises a front end and a back end, and can pass through an anus and reach the operating position of an operation, at least one opening is arranged on the wall of the body, mucosae on a hemorrhoid and all or part of hemorrhoid tissues can enter the hollow inner part of the body through the opening, and scales for displaying the inserted depth of the body in the anus are arranged on the outer wall of the body. The anus expander seat can only depend on the opening on the wall of the body to direct at surgical operation of the non-annular dissected hemorrhoid in the using process without adopting an auxiliary conduit, and the operation can be more accurately performed according to the scale display.


in the first century B.C. and partly in the first century A.D. (Nilakesi, p. 6). There is of course no support for this view outside Jaina circles, while the date of composition is given as the' beginning of the 6th century A.D. by Vyapuri Pillai after a realistic discussion of all available data, though he too is convinced that the author, whoever he was, was a Jaina (Tamil Cudarmanigal, pp. 61-80). Viewed from whatever angle, the present excellent work is an indispensable aid to the study of Tirukkural.


Introduction:There is a dearth of comparative outcome data on vertebroplasty for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures (VCF) according to vertebral level, number of levels, and etiology. The aim of this study was to investigate improvement of pain and function following vertebroplasty for a heterogenous cohort of patients with medically refractory VCF. Materials and Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted on a cohort of consecutive patients undergoing vertebroplasty following at least 4 weeks of failed medical management, between April 2007 and March 2012 at a single Neurosurgical center. Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, analgesic usage, and complications were recorded preoperatively and at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Intraoperative vertebral body biopsy was performed routinely. Results:202 levels were augmented in 147 patients. The most common levels augmented were T12 (17%), L1 (18%), and L4 (10%). Significant reductions in pain VAS and ODI scores were evident at day 1 and sustained at up to 1 year postoperatively (P<0.001). They were not dependent on the level of fracture (T3-10, T11-L2, L3-S1) (P>0.05), number of levels treated (single level, 2 levels, >2 levels) (P>0.05), or etiology of VCF (P>0.05). At 1 year postoperatively, 79% (113/142) had no or reduced analgesic usage. The complication rate was 6% (9/147). There were 5 mortalities, none of which were directly related to surgery. Conclusions:Vertebroplasty for medically refractory VCF may offer sustained improvement in pain and function. The procedure is associated with low morbidity and mortality.


Tambelo is one type of wood eating worm that live in the dead mangrove tree and suffered a decomposition process. Tambelo who lived in a wooden rod Rhizophora sp has a sweet taste and very good for consumption. Tambelo nutrient content showing potentially in the development of highquality aquatic products, but this has not been done. In order tambelo can be used widely, it is necessary to make a new innovation in processing Tambelo meat into new face. Tambelo meat processing in a protein hydrolyzate as a source of flavor enhancer, which not only serves to create a sense of savory (umami) in food but also provides the role of nutrition and safe for the body considered very precise. This study aimed to examine the potential characteristics tambelo protein hydrolyzate (Bactronophorus thoracites). The experiment was conducted in two stages, the first stage of making a protein hydrolyzate treated hydrolyzate time (1, 2 and 3 hours) using the papain enzyme 0.5% (w/w) and temperature of 550C, pH 7. The best results are based on the content of the highest total protein become a reference in the second stage of the process. The second stage is a producing flavor enhancer, which further analyzed to measure the percentage of yield, amino acids, fatty acids and components of flavor. Proximate analysis to measure the highest total protein content of tambelo meat which hydrolyzed by the papain enzyme with optimum concentration at temperature of 55 ° C, pH 7. One hour hydrolysis showed the highest total protein content of 22.09% ± 0.19, yield hydrolyzate produced from the best treatment is 53.29% ± 7.36, hydrolysis process runs perfect for being able to produce 17 kinds of amino acids consisting of essential amino acids and non-essential with increased levels, and the hydrolysis process causes a significant fatty acid composition decreasing. Keywords: hydrolysis, papain enzyme, Tambelo protein


Objective:Comparing the heart shape,function,the cadiocyte apoptosis change and its relationship with 3 kinds of LPA acceptor of rats after myocardial infarction in early stage and different region,and study the mechanism action of the intervention of promoting blood flow Chinese medicine.Methods:To ligate the left coronary artery main stem of rat's heart to make the myocardial infarction model.Then divided them into model,sham,Xuefu,and PNS groups in random.Picking 48 hours after the treatment,using Pathological section,haemodynamics measurement,TUNEL and PT-PCR to analyses the functional parameter,cadiocyte apoptosis change and the expression of 3 kinds of lysophosphatidic acceptor gene.Results:In the initial stage of MI,LVSP and±dpdt of the haemodynamics with Model group decrease a lot while LVEDP increased(P0.01).Except no difference of–dpdt,and all the value of Medicine group have difference between model group(P0.01).With each group in each part has a lot of myocardial cell apoptosis(P0.01).In boarder area of myocardial,the express amount of LPA1 in model group increased while Medicine group cut down(P0.01).The express amount of LPA2 in every part and different groups have no different,except PNS group in myocardial part has increased a lot(P0.05).The express amount of LPA3 in model group has obviously increased(P0.05,P0.01).The differeces between medicine and model group are obvious in each part(P0.05).Conclusion:The promoting blood flow effect of Chinese medicine can effectively improve haemodynamics value;systole and diastole function after myocardial infarction.Chinese medicine can have depressant effect of myocardial cell apoptosis.In different stage of MI,the acceptors of LPA can be influenced by promoting blood flow medicine for myocardium remodeling mostly in marginal zone.The deduction above should be verificated by cytology.


The invention relates to a method for efficiently determining speeds and precision in the ground for use in migration of seismic data. method request to limit the number of traces taken into consideration to those on some of the Kirchhoff summation curve in which the integrand for Kirchhoff migration of smooth. In the preferred embodiment, only a random sample of traces within this opening is used in the calculations. One can thus achieve performance improvements by a factor of 1000. Application:. Seismic


Introduction / Innovation Concept: The Shock Trauma Air Rescue Society (STARS®) is a charitable, non-profit organization that is dedicated to providing a safe, rapid, highly specialized emergency medical transport system for the critically ill and injured. The STARS® Mobile Education Unit (MEU) is comprised of a high fidelity simulation suite that mimics a hospital emergency room, installed in a specially equipped motorhome (SEM) that can wirelessly operate a high fidelity human mannequin. The MEU provides an excellent opportunity to combine continuing medical education for resuscitation and MCI management. At present, no formal MCI education process exists in Saskatchewan. Curriculum, Tool, or Material: The Saskatchewan STARS® MEU delivers a phased MCI education initiative to rural and regional centers within the province. The educational initiative is sub-divided into three stages: 1. pre-exercise knowledge translation using a flipped classroom approach, 2. on-site tabletop exercise (TTX) and, 3. high-fidelity simulation session with a review of MCI management principles . Sites perform a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) following stage 2 and the highest identified site-specific risks are utilized during the development of the simulated scenarios for stage 3. During stage 2, participants also complete a pre and post-exercise survey. The survey evaluates the educational component, the tabletop exercise component and the perceived pre and post tabletop exercise competencies for the management of MCI. In the pilot project, two regional sites completed the tabletop exercise. The pre-exercise survey evaluated perceived MCI and disaster preparedness for the region. Only 8% and 25% of participants at each site respectively, reported that their disaster plan had been trialed in tabletop, full exercise or real activation within the past three years. Participants strongly agreed that the tabletop exercise was a valuable experience (86% and 88% respectively). More robust data will become available as the initiative transitions out of the pilot stage to formal operations. Conclusion: A formal MCI training program implemented through the STARS® MEU for rural Saskatchewan municipalities enables participants and their organizations to both review and enhance their current emergency management plans. This initiative will aim to establish a foundation for future collaboration at the provincial and national level for rural MCI training and preparedness.


Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was discovered more than 4 decades ago. Infants who have been hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis have been well described as having a predilection to experience recurrent wheezing. The majority of these children appear to be clinically normal for years but are at risk for having abnormal lung function later in life. An increase in asthma among children in the United States and some other countries has been documented, and the morbidity associated with asthma has risen disproportionately in certain lower-income and minority populations, the same groups who are most likely to acquire RSV infection early and more severely. Of increasing importance is RSV's ability to become an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. A study by researchers indicates the significance RSV as a cause of admissions for lower respiratory tract disease in previously healthy adults of all ages. In this study of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in individuals 18 years of age or older, RSV caused 4% of the admissions. The first means of prophylaxis was only recently made available with the 1996 licensure of high-titered polyclonal RSV immunoglobulin to RSV, which is administered intravenously once a month. The currently available technology and candidate vaccines, although not yet perfected for use in infants, may be suitable and rapidly developed for varied older populations at risk for RSV illness and its complications.


Does the relation between body weight and mortality change with advancing age? To answer this question, researchers calculated the relation between baseline body-mass index (BMI) and 12-year mortality for over 320,000 nonsmoking adults (aged 30 and over) with no history of heart disease, …


The procedural science has changed by action paradigms.
Today the new paradigm is the fundamental principle of the action, which concerns a new way of understanding the process and the science of the procedural law, in a scene so called new
constitutionalism and everything what it implies.


. Ethnic identity refers to sense of belonging or identification with an ethnic group. An ethnic is shared common internal as well as external values such as language, ideas, attitude, and feeling. This research focuses on communication conflict between member of Muna and Tolaki Tribe whom live in Southeast Sulawesi. The aim of this study is to explain construction of ethnic identity from the Muna and Tolaki's tribe member which trigger conflict. To make the exploration deep and specific, case study approach, in-depth interview and social identity theory are set. based on interview from all informants, it can be found that tribe as ethnic identity give them value, norm, idea, way of life that direct them to think and to act. Each tribe used their own moral value to judge the behavior of others, besides there is competition between the member Muna dan Tolaki that make them looking for power. As indigenous tribe in southeast Sulwesi, Both Muna and Tolaki different perspective about presenting moral value although the moral value that they are talking about is actually same for example each tribe both Muna and Tolaki respect the politeness, good manners but the way to translate the meaning of "good manner" is various.


Set of sixteen guar genotypes was evaluated under rain-fed conditions at Kazgeil, Northren Kordofan State, Sudan in 1998/99 season, using a four x four triple partially balanced lattice design. Data recorded at were used for parti- tioning the genotypic correlations between seed yield and five of its components into direct and indirect effects. Moreover, different selection indices were constructed using different combinations of these characters. The path analysis showed that number of pods/plant had the highest positive direct effect (2.653) on seed yield/plant followed by number of seeds per pod. On the other hand number of fruiting nodes/main stem exerted the highest negative direct effect (-1.383) on seed yield/plant. The selection index involving single trait viz.1000 seed weight gave the minimum expected genetic advance (0.6) and rela- tive efficiency (83.33%). However, the index involving all the six traits exhibited the highest expected genetic advance (2.03) and the maximum relative efficiency (281.94%).The two trait selection index of number of pods/plant and 1000-seed weight scored the relative efficiency of 138.89% which is equal to the relative efficiency of the individual trait index of number of reproductive branches/plant.


This article deals with two parenthetical word combinations. Reflections on the place parenthetical constructions occupy in modern Russian may be found in direct statements of people writing on the Internet. Recently, both in colloquial Russian and in the language of Internet forums we have seen substantial changes in the expressions chosen for parenthetical constructions and in the functions of these constructions as a whole. For example, constructions such as na minutocku and stesnjajus' sprosit' are now used as parentheticals. The paper analyses meanings and usages of these two particular phrases. In some cases they point to the speaker's intention of being over-obliging and considerate of the interlocutor, while in other cases they reveal the author's ironical stance. Most interesting, however, are the cases where these constructions form part of a rhetorical technique aimed at suppressing the interlocutor by means of demonstrating one's own superiority. Parenthetical words in this context function as the most efficient ways of manipulating the partner's position. The paper also discusses the results of a survey reflecting the attitude of native speakers to both traditional and new parenthetical words and constructions.


Seventysix isolates of Phytophthora were isolated from diseased pumpkin in Zhejiang during 1999-2002. Comparative studies on morphological,cultural,physiological characters,pathogenicity and host range of the two of them were made. The sporangia vary in size, length/breadth 1.38-2.28,usually with single papilla, long sporangiophore, no chlamydospores produced. Heterothallic, oogonia spherical, smooth, 20.0-31.0 μm in diameter; Oospores spherical ,yellowbrown colour, 16-26 μm in diameter.The optimal temperature of the fungus for growth is 25.0-30.0℃,with high limitation 35℃,this fungus can utilize starch and NO-3-nitrogen.This fungus has a rather wide host range including 10 species(cucumber,pumpkin,calabash gourd,watermelon,muskmelon, tomato,eggplant,potato, Chinese waxgourdpeper).By comparing with the properties of various Phytophthora species, all the two isolates could be indentified as Phytophthora casici Leonian.


Efferevescent granules are granular dosage form of drug in a dry mixture usually composed of effervescents like sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid. Effervescent granules when added to water, the acids and the base react to liberate CO2, resulting in effervescence. A combination of tartaric acid and citric acid is used as an effervescent base rather than either acid alone because when tartaric acid is used alone, chalky friable granules are produced and citric acid alone results in sticky mixture to difficult to granulate. The weakly acidic drugs when formulated in effervescent granular forms exhibit increased absorption from gastric environment as most of the drug remains in unionized form. The bitter taste of the drug can be masked by the effervescence that was produced when the formulation is mixed with water. Effervescent granules of weakly acidic drug, metronidazole were formulated by melt granulation process in which low melting binder composition comprising of a polymer and a hydrophobic meltable binder like PEG 4000 and cetyl alcohol is used. Formulations having varying composition of effervescents and meltable binder composition were prepared and evaluation tests for carr's index, effervescence cessation time, in-vitro drug release studies were performed. From the observations, the formulation having 5% meltable binder, cetyl alcohol was found to have excellent flow properties, 100% drug release and high effervesce cessation time. INTRODUCTION: Effervescent granules are the granular dosage forms having drug and effervescent base 1 which is composed of sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid, when added to water, the acids and the base react to liberate CO2, resulting in effervescence. Effervescent granules form attractive dosage form as the carbonated solution masks the undesirable taste of the drug. The weakly acidic drugs like metronidazole when formulated in effervescent granular forms exhibit increased absorption from gastric environment as most of the drug remains in unionized form. QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(6).2525-29 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.9(6).2525-29 The effervescence released when the formulation is added to water masks the unpalatable taste of metronidazole. In the present study of effervescent granule formulation, melt granulation technique is employed for granulation. In a melt granulation process, the binder solution of a standard wet granulation process is replaced with a meltable binder. This binder can be added in molten form, but the high shear process offers the benefit of allowing the binder to be added in its solid state. Melting is achieved by the energy added through the mixer friction and the heated jacket of the bowl. A low melting binder composed of a polymer and a hydrophobic meltable binder is used in the present work. The binder volume, binder rheology, binder surface property, and binder particle size on melt agglomeration influences formulation and process variables. The growth of melt agglomerate is promoted predominantly by an increase in


To the Editor.— In analyzing their data concerning follow-up of nuclear test participants and in drawing their conclusions, Caldwell et al 1 have failed to take account of current knowledge of the epidemiology of human radiation exposure. It is known that the bone marrow has a high relative sensitivity to the induction of cancer and that leukemias may appear within five years of radiation exposure; solid tumors, however, generally appear later, and excess risk may not become apparent earlier than 15 to 20 years from exposure. 1 Since the reason for undertaking this study was the report of leukemia in one participant and because leukemia is known, a priori, to be caused by exposure to ionizing radiation, it seems reasonable that the null hypothesis for this study should be that leukemia rates among test participants are the same as in the US population; this hypothesis is convincingly rejected by the


Res. d'A.: The faunal assemblage from the Hane Dune site in the Marquesas Islands serves as one of the best-documented cases of prehistoric subsistence change in Polynesia. Reanalysis of the data using more reliable quantitative techniques indicates that there is insufficient evidence to identify a qualitative shift from a marine-oriented to a terestrialy focused economy. With the exception of the loss of birds over time, the Hane faunal assemblage is dominated by marine taxa over time. Stability rather than dramatic change appears to be the subsistence trend at Hane. This suggests that archaeologist may want to reconsider their analyses and interpretation of subsitence patterns in Polynesia


A frequency synthesizer for a microwave microscope is a programmed source of high-stability oscillations, designed to be used as a master oscillator in precision near-field measurements within the 1 - 20 GHz range of frequencies. The operating principles and specifications of the synthesizer are detailed.


This communication systematically summarizes the previous work of synthetic functions expansion (SFX) and three important features of this algorithm are discussed. First, for large-scale targets with complex geometries, two automatic schemes for geometric domain decomposition and defining of auxiliary sources are proposed which greatly decrease the manual workload in the preprocessing work. Second, for large-scale arrays, the synthetic functions (SFs) reusable scheme is proposed for both linear and nonlinear transformations. This scheme can improve the efficiency of constructing SFs and is especially suitable for large-scale arrays. Third, parallel algorithm is applied into SFX to further enhance its efficiency. As SFX deals with a large- scale electromagnetic system (EM system) block by block, parallel algorithm is an obvious and feasible way to improve its efficiency. Finally, a simplified ship and a cylindrical conformal array are adopted to verify the performance of parallel SFX. And results show that parallel SFX exhibits prominent advantages in memory cost compared with multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM), while the efficiency and accuracy are comparable with the latter.


Innate immunity is important for host defense against microbial infections and vitamin D has been shown to play a role in this response. Vitamin D is required for Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered induction of the antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin and DEFB4, but how acquired immunity influences this system is not known. The objective of this study was to assess the role of acquired immune cytokines on TLR-triggered vitamin D-dependent induction of antimicrobial peptides.
 We showed that acquired immune cytokine responses influence antimicrobial pathways in innate immunity by regulating vitamin D metabolism. The Th1 cytokine IFN-γ induced bioconversion of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) to its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and resulted in a subsequent increase in cathelicidin mRNA in cells treated with a TLR2/1 ligand. In contrast, the Th2 cytokine IL-4 lead to induction of 25D3 catabolism by inducing 24-hydroxylase enzyme activity and consequently inhibited TLR2/1-triggered induction of the antimicrobial peptides cathelicidin and DEFB4.
 In conclusion our results support a role for acquired immune cytokines in regulating vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial pathways in innate immunity.
 KE is a Wenner-Gren Fellow


Abstract α-Arylated ketones were obtained in moderate to good yields by one-step electroreductive coupling of α-chloroketones and arylhalides in DMF and in the presence of a Al- or Zn-sacrificial anode and a catalytic amount of a nickel complex.


Inflammation and dysregulation of the immune system are hallmarks of several neurodegenerative diseases. An activated immune response is considered to be the cause of myelin breakdown in demyelinating disorders. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), myelin can be degraded in an autophagy-dependent manner directly by Schwann cells or by macrophages, which are modulated by T-lymphocytes. Here, we show that the NF-κB activator Pleckstrin homology containing family member 5 (Plekhg5) is involved in the regulation of both Schwann cell autophagy and recruitment of T-lymphocytes in peripheral nerves during motoneuron disease. Plekhg5-deficient mice show defective axon/Schwann cell units characterized by myelin infoldings in peripheral nerves. Even at late stages, Plekhg5-deficient mice do not show any signs of demyelination and inflammation. Using RNAseq, we identified a transcriptional signature for an impaired immune response in sciatic nerves, which manifested in a reduced number of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells. These findings identify Plekhg5 as a promising target to impede myelin breakdown in demyelinating PNS disorders.


In this paper, a new imaging modality, named photoacoustic resonance imaging (PARI), is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Being distinct from conventional single nanosecond laser pulse induced wideband PA signal, the proposed PARI method utilizes multi-burst modulated laser source to induce PA resonant signal with enhanced signal strength and narrower bandwidth. Moreover, imaging contrast could be clearly improved than conventional single-pulse laser based PA imaging by selecting optimum modulation frequency of the laser source, which originates from physical properties of different materials beyond the optical absorption coefficient. Specifically, the imaging steps is as follows: 1: Perform conventional PA imaging by modulating the laser source as a short pulse to identify the location of the target and the background. 2: Shine modulated laser beam on the background and target respectively to characterize their individual resonance frequency by sweeping the modulation frequency of the CW laser source. 3: Select the resonance frequency of the target as the modulation frequency of the laser source, perform imaging and get the first PARI image. Then choose the resonance frequency of the background as the modulation frequency of the laser source, perform imaging and get the second PARI image. 4: subtract the first PARI image from the second PARI image, then we get the contrast-enhanced PARI results over the conventional PA imaging in step 1. Experimental validation on phantoms have been performed to show the merits of the proposed PARI method with much improved image contrast.


We present SLAP, a system of tangible, translucent wid-gets for use on FTIR-based multi-touch tabletops. Our initial widgets include a SLAP keyboard, button, slider, knob, and lens. SLAP widgets add tactile feedback to multi-touch tables, improving input accuracy. They can be relabeled dynamically via table rear projection, and provide inexpensive, battery-free, and untethered augmentations for FTIR tables.


Turkey is at the center of American geopolitical calculations because of its location at the crossroads of the Balkans, eastern Mediterranean, Caucasus, Central Asia, and Middle East, with its Arab-Israeli problems. It plays an important role in each of these regions, yet the country itself is enmeshed in a major internal debate and even some confusion about its identity and place in the world—with direct and explicit implications for its foreign policy. We offer here our concept of the true face of Turkey and the implications of this identity for the country's future choices in a strategic region that faces certain turmoil. Turkey will in the end act on its own interests, and not on Washington's perception of Turkish interests, but we believe that only a clear-sighted American vision of what Turkey's real options are will enable Washington to develop sensible policies toward Turkey and the region. The "old Turkey" of seventy years duration—from the founding of the state by the remarkable Mustafa Kemal Ataturk to the fall of the Soviet Union—has given way to a new Turkey at the start of the twenty-first century. The narrow geopolitical perspectives of a Soviet-dominated region have been replaced by a brand new geopolitical reality that leaves Turkey as the emerging great power in the region. At the same time, Turkey's domestic life has undergone dramatic evolution as a modern state emerges. Now with a new president, Turkey has opportunities for the internal reform and matura-


Business process management is now the most dynamically developing concept in organisation management. In order to further improve process efficiency, it is advisable to analyse the current situation and determine the position of the organisation in terms of its progress in implementing the process approach. This is where the evaluation of the organisation's process maturity proves useful. And the available literature provides an array of models for such assessment. This paper presents the results of a process maturity study for a selected hard coal mine based on the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) framework. The mine was ranked level 3 in process maturity, which is on a par with other Polish businesses. This score suggests opportunities for further improvement towards a more process-oriented business approach.


Objective Histological distribution and intracellular localization of mouse Semcap2 so as to supply some clues for it's immune function. Methods RT-PCR method was used to detect the histological distributing of Semcap2. pEGFP-N1-mSemcap2 recombinant plasmid was used to transfect HeLa cell. Results mRNA of Semcap2 was mainly expressed in intestine,stomach,lung and kidney. mSemcap2 protein was mostly located in cytoplasm and karyon. Conclusion The function of mSemcap2 is to be identified.


The information system can be applied to all aspects of the education field, and the full use of technology as a tool can promote the smooth progress of education reform. The purpose of this paper is to study the development of school sports computer teaching and automatic management system. On the basis of countermeasure analysis of physical education management in the construction of informatization level at home and abroad, the questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics method are used to research and discuss the informatization teaching management of the Physical Education College of Normal University. Sports computer teaching and automatic management system, the study found that the integration of information construction into sports teaching management has had a positive impact and role. Through questionnaire data analysis, 136 teachers were satisfied with the system, most physical education teachers were highly satisfied with the use of the system, and most physical education teachers held affirmative and supportive attitudes towards the construction.


An improved electroplating apparatus and methods. Apparatus comprising a plating tank (201), a cathode and a plurality of conductive roller provided (41) a plating bath for conveying a workpiece (W), a pair of conductive rollers at above and below their respective positions across the plating vertical grooves anode conductive roller disposed opposite to each other (202, 203), and electroplating current supply means for the electroplating current to the conductive roller. The apparatus further comprises a roller driving means for driving the front and rear conductive roller. The method comprises: a conductive roller is rotated while the workpiece is moved back and forth on a conductive roller around the workpiece by plating; the workpiece is then conveyed out of the plating bath.


We study Sine-Gordon equation with nonlinear damping,obtain the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions for the equation by the Faedo-Galerkin method.


The efficiency in raspberry regeneration, from leaf explants, is limited due to several factors, among which the age of the explant and the genotype stand out. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of growth regulators on oxidation and in vitro regeneration from leaf explants of five raspberry genotypes in 2021. Doses and combinations of auxins and cytokinins were tested to induce direct organogenesis in leaf explants of raspberry genotypes; 'C-6', 'Joan J.', 'A-1', 'UM-702' and 'Heritage'. The results showed that the regulator benzylaminopurine (BAP) decreased oxidation in genotypes 'C-6', 'Joan J.', 'A-1' and 'Heritage' by 36, 48, 60 and 68%, respectively, those that were supplemented with kinetin had a reduction in oxidation in the genotype 'C-6' (56%), when thidiazuron (TDZ) was added, oxidation decreased in the genotypes evaluated by 72, 64, 72, 84 and 68%, respectively. The greatest regeneration (number of shoots/ explant) was with BAP (0.5 mg L-1) and TDZ (0.2 mg L-1) + indole butyric acid (IBA) (0.1 mg L-1) for the genotype 'C-6', and TDZ (0.2 mg L-1) + IBA (0.1 mg L-1) for 'Joan J.' and 'Heritage'. In 'A-1' and 'UMC-702', the use of TDZ (0.2 mg L-1) alone is suggested. It is concluded that the use of growth regulators, alone or combined, decreases oxidation in leaf explants, and increases the survival and regeneration of shoots in all genotypes evaluated.


How can I get my students to read their assignments carefully? How can I develop the writing abilities of my students? How can I get students interested in the course and excited about learning? Answers to these questions are obviously not easy, but in the teaching of a constitutional law course focusing upon civil liberties I have found that structuring the course around role playing activities seems to create a learning environment in which all of these concerns


Objective:To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of the combination of acupuncture middle line of forehead and acupuncture point of kidney channel on mild cognitive impairment.Methods:90 patients were selected from the diagnosis of MCI.They were divided into three groups at random.The patients of three groups were treated with filiform needle acupuncture.Efficacy was assessed by the mini-mental state examination,the montreal cognitive scale before and after treatments.Results:Acupuncture middle line of forehead and acupuncture point of kidney channel group compared with acupuncture middle line of forehead group,acupuncture point of kidney channel group,the MMSE scores and MoCA scores changed significantly(P0.05).Acupuncture middle line of forehead group compared with acupuncture point of kidney channel group,the MMSE scores and MoCA scores were no significant(P0.05).Conclusion:It's better to acupuncture middle line of forehead and acupuncture point of kidney channel than that of solely acupuncture middle line of forehead or acupuncture point of kidney channel.


We construct Laurent polynomial solutions of the boundary quantum Knizhnik--Zamolodchikov equation for $U_{q}(\widehat{\mathfrak{sl}}_{2})$ on the parabolic Kazhdan--Lusztig bases. They are characterized by non-symmetric Koornwinder polynomials with the specialized parameters. As a special case, we obtain the solution of the minimal degree.


Five cembranoids, 2,16:7S,8S-diepoxy-1,3,11,15-cembratetraene (1), 7S,8S-epoxy-1,3,11-cembratriene-16-oic acid methyl ester (2), (1R,4R,2E,7E,11E)-cembra-2,7,11-triene-4-ol (3), (2S,7S,8S)-sarcophine (4), and (2S,7S,8S)sarcophytoxide (5), were isolated from the methanol extract of the soft coral Lobophytum crassum by using various chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D-NMR experiments and comparison of their NMR data with reported values. Compounds 1 and 3 were isolated from L. crassum for the first time.


During the routine gross anatomical dissection, bilateral absence of the musculocutaneous nerve and unilateral brachioradial artery were found in a 76-year-old Korean male cadaver. At the apex of the axilla, the lateral cord of the brachial plexus united into the median nerve without branching off the musculocutaneous nerve. The flexor arm musculatures, normally innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, were innervated by two separate branches from the median nerve. The distal one continued as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve. In addition, the radial artery of the left arm was originated from the middle one-third of the brachial artery. At bifurcation, it lay deep to the median nerve and crossed it medially. However, at the elbow, it crossed again the median nerve anterolaterally. Just above the cubital fossa, it anastomosed with the brachial artery. The arterial distribution of the right arm was normal. The separate reports which described the absence of the musculocutaneous nerve or brachioradial artery have been reported. However, this combined variation has not been documented until now.


OBJECTIVE
To assess the role of TE in HIV infected patients with NAFLD.

METHODS
HIV infected patients undergoing ART were enrolled between August2016 and February2017.

INCLUSION CRITERIA
≥18 years with undetectable HIV viral load.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA
pregnancy; alcohol intake ≥20g/day and co-infection with hepatitis B or C. Patients underwent abdominal US to diagnose liver steatosis. Significant fibrosis (≥F2) was considered when APRI>1.0, FIB4>3 and liver stiffness ≥7.1kPa. Subjects with TE ≥7.1kPa were proposed a liver biopsy and the NAFLD Scoring System ≥3 was considered as diagnosis of NASH. Poisson regression model was used to identify factors associated with liver steatosis.

RESULTS
98 patients were included. Mean age was 49±11 years and 53 (54.1%) were male. Liver steatosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (31.6%) and was independently associated with male sex (PR= 2.18) and higher BMI (PR=1.08). Among the 31 patients with NAFLD, 26 had results for TE, APRI and FIB4. The prevalence of significant fibrosis assessed by TE, APRI and FIB4 was 26.9%, 6.4% and 3.2%, respectively. Seven patients (26.9%) had a TE result ≥7.1kPa, which was associated with higher triglyceride levels, FIB4 score and CAP values. Six of those with TE ≥7.1kPa performed a liver biopsy and NASH was found in 5 (83.3%) and liver fibrosis without NASH in one.

CONCLUSIONS
NAFLD prevalence in HIV infected patients is higher than general population. TE ≥7.1kPa was not able to diagnose significant fibrosis, but accurately detect a subgroup of patients with high risk for NASH among HIV monoinfected individuals with steatosis.


Diabetes mellitus has been induced in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) by the direct infusion of streptozotocin (19 to 21 mg./kg. body weight) to the pancreas.


The federal electorate of Wannon, which covers most of that part of rural Victoria known as the 'Western District', is popularly perceived as the heartland of entrenched landed conservatism, having provided Australian politics with Malcolm Fraser, its most patrician Prime Minister since Stanley Bruce (at least), and a Prime Minister, moreover, consistently portrayed as an archetypal product of that exceptionally inegalitarian and mannered environment.1 There is a deal to be said for such a view. Life in Victoria's Western District is more than ?


Working Phone Rate (WPR) usually means the proportion of telephone numbers in a telephone sample that connects to a residence and the WPR for landline telephone samples has been steadily declining since the early 1990's. This decline has affected phone room efficiencies, interviewer morale and ultimately survey costs. This paper addresses the various causes for the decline and what they may mean for the future of telephone surveying.


Intersection traffic safety management includes basic intersection information, safety evaluation, safety problem diagnosis, and countermeasure recommendations. In this paper, a new approach to improve the efficiency of safety evaluation is proposed: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based model of safety level-of-service. Field ratings were used to initially screen intersection information. After entering intersection information into a computer model, the system automatically evaluates the safety of the intersection, identifies existing safety problems, and recommends prioritized countermeasures based on a benefit-cost ratio model. Initial results show the system improves the efficiency of evaluating and selecting intersection safety improvements.


Indonesia is the world largest producer of palm oil (FAOSTAT 2013). With the rise in global demand for palm oil the area planted to oil palms in Indonesia has grown from just about a quarter of million ha in 1980 to almost 8 million ha in 2010. This contributed to economic growth and poverty reduction. This expansion has also been associated with deforestation which has raised concern over its impact on forest dependent communities. This paper analyses socio-economic and environmental conditions of smallholder oil palm farmers in Indonesia. The empirical basis is a household panel survey of some 291 households which was conducted in four villages of two districts in Jambi province, Sumatra during 2010 and 2012. Households were randomly selected from the list of oil palm smallholders provided by the respective village heads. The survey instrument included modules on household characteristics, income generating activities, especially on oil palm production but also other crops and livestock, natural resource extraction, off farm employment and non-farm self-employment. In addition, an environment module has been added during the 2012 survey. Here the observations and perceptions on changes in environment and natural resources in the oil palm plantation and in the village environment were asked from the small holder respondents. In our analysis we compare the well-being of oil palm small holder farmers in different locations using indicators like consumption, household income, asset endowment, ex post and ex ante poverty, i.e. vulnerability to poverty and inequality. We then proceed to establish a link between perceived environmental changes and the changes in well-being using non parametric testing procedures. Results reveal that significant differences in wellbeing exist and that environmental changes may play an important role in explaining these changes.


Fructose consumption increased in the past three decades and has been implicated in the epidemic of hypertension, diabetes and obesity. 10% of the US population consumes up to 20% of their calories from fructose. The effect of fructose intake in sodium handling by the kidney and blood pressure regulation is not understood. In models of salt‐sensitive hypertension, the Na‐K‐2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2) presents higher activity. We hypothesized that 20% fructose (but not glucose) induces salt sensitive hypertension in part by enhancing NKCC2 activity. Sprague‐Dawley rats were given 20% fructose or 20% glucose in drinking water for 1 week after which high salt diet (4% Na in chow) was started. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail cuff. In fructose‐fed rats, the addition of 4% NaCl diet increased SBP from 120±10 to 128±6 mmHg on day 2 (p<0.01) and to 144±18 mmHg after 2 weeks (p<0.01). In rats fed glucose or high salt alone SBP was not changed. NKCC2 phosphorylation at Thr96,101 was enhanced by 161±51% (p<0.02) in rats fed fructose plus salt compared to salt alone and phospho‐Ser126 was also enhanced by 151±40%. The phosphorylation of SPAK/OSR1 kinases was enhanced by 100±30% (p<0.04). Furosemide sensitive NaCl transport in TALs was enhanced by 36±11% in rats fed fructose plus high salt compared to salt alone (p<0.02). We concluded that a high fructose but not high glucose diet induces salt‐sensitive hypertension in normal rats. The salt sensitivity may be in part due to higher NKCC2 phosphorylation and activity which was maintained during high salt intake.


During the Agrarian Revolution,the Communist Party of China had always attached great importance to the bandits for the use of the armed forces.But specifically,the policy and strategy was not static,but gone from a process of development,ie :win—transform—purge—"conjunction between win and purge".Nevertheless,CPC had the same starting point in the logical,namely to meet brutal war mobilization under the practical needs of the revolution.


PURPOSE: An MPEG video decoding system and a method of processing overflow of the MPEG video decoding system are provided to continue decoding process without resetting a video buffer even when error is generated in the video buffer so as to minimize the loss of video bit stream. CONSTITUTION: An MPEG video decoding system includes a video buffer(12), a demultiplexer(11), and a video decoder(13). The video buffer temporarily stores a compressed video bit stream. When overflow occurs, the video buffer is not reset and outputs a signal informing the overflow. The demultiplexer discards the video bit stream when the signal informing the overflow is inputted. The demultiplexer inserts a sequence error code into a demultiplexed video bit stream to store the bit stream in the video buffer when a signal informing no overflow is inputted. The video decoder skips decoding until a slice start code is found when the error code is detected, and performs normal decoding when the slice start code is detected to output pixel data to a display(14).


A method to create a partition by time/tuple based window in an event processing service is provided. When continuous data streams are received, tuples are stored in a data structure with partitions based upon partition keys. Only a specified amount of tuples may be stored in each partition. When a partition exceeds the specified number of tuples, the oldest tuples are removed from the data structure. Tuples stored beyond a specified time period are also removed from the data structure. Two data structures may also be used to implement a time/tuple based window. Tuples are stored in both a data structure with a partition by window and a data structure with a range window. Tuples are removed in the partition by win dow when tuples exceed the amount in the partition. Tuples are removed in the range window when tuples exceed a speci fied time period. The two data structures are synchronized.


Abstract: The taxonomy of mycotoxigenic fungi is complicated, especially within the genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria and Fusarium, and classification is still in a state of flux. Furthermore new species are still being described. Since a polyphasic classification of filamentous fungi is generally recommended, a polyphasic identification is also recommended, even though keys based on such an approach are not yet fully developed. For practical reasons the following practice is recommended. First, fungal isolates involved in mycotoxicoses are identified to genus level using morphological criteria. Depending on the genus, isolates are then grown on a battery of indicative media and identified to species level based on a combination of morphological, physiological, nutritional and chemical data. The identification is then validated by a blast search of the DNA sequence of the β-tubulin and calmodulin genes (or other house-keeping genes with a good resolution at the species level), but avoiding ribosomal DNA genes that often have a poor resolution at the species level. Several books published in 2009 and 2010 will assist in a proper identification and established connections between species and mycotoxins will also help in avoiding misidentification. Unusual records should be retested using more taxonomic features or sequencing of more genes in order to be sure that the identification is correct.


Humans require food to survive. Plants are one of the sources of human food. The concept of plants based on the Quran is explored in various interesting themes, but there is still room for research on this topic, such as the study about the concept of plant-based food based on Imam Al-Razi in Tafsīr Mafātīhul Ghayb. This tafsīr was chosen because it broadens the naqli and aqli aspects that can be used in modern scientific studies, particularly in the fields of nutritional science and medicine. Thus, based on Tafsīr Mafātīhul Ghayb, this study will examine verse 99 of surah al-An'am. Tafsīr Mafātīhul Ghayb is regarded as a useful reference in the study of plant sources in the food according to the Quran. This qualitative study used the content analysis method and thematic analysis on surah al-An'am verse 99. According to the study's findings, this verse describes the concept of plant-based food by incorporating six themes: plants come from water, green elements of plants, the hierarchy of plant-based food, plant category, fruit ripening phase, and Allah SWT as the Creator of plants.


Traditional formant analysis techniques have yielded questionable results, due to a high fundamental frequency in young children's speech. Therefore, an alternative approach for researching vowel acquisition appears desirable. A band‐filtering analysis method was developed that minimizes the dependence of the results on F0 to measure the spectral envelopes in children's utterances automatically. In PRAAT scripts, first the criteria are set with regard to sound quality (to avoid clipped fragments) and F0 (to avoid vowel fragments with F0 above 425 Hz). Secondly, the spectral envelopes covering a range from 0 to 7 kHz, resulting in 40 filter values per spectrum, are calculated. A matrix is produced, representing intensity in each of the 40 filters. Data reduction is achieved via principal component analysis. Previous research (Pols, 1977) suggests that the first two principal components are related to the F1 and F2 values. Analyses of unlabeled vowel productions in 2‐year‐old Hungarian‐ and Dutch‐speaking children show that the first two eigenvectors account for 55% of the variability. By using these two eigenvectors, a reference plane is created. Mapping labeled vowel measures onto the plane suggests that children produce language‐specific vowel categories at this young age. [Work supported by UW and UvA/ACLC.]


With the explosive growth of communication services,40 Gbit/s WDM systems have been commercially applied in large scales in the existing backbone networks.This paper analyzes the related issues in the construction of 40 Gbit/s systems,including fiber selection,coding options,10 Gbit/s service solutions for 40 Gbit/s WDM systems,Optical Line Protection(OLP),client-side solutions.


It is well documented that the number of interest groups lobbying a piece of legislation in Congress varies greatly. While most legislation generates little to no activity, the number of groups interested in a bill can grow into the hundreds. The challenge for scholars is to explain these behavioral differences. Using a population ecology approach to explain interest-group populations, it is argued that the number of groups lobbying a bill is influenced by the political context. Using data generated by the Lobbying Disclosure Act, this article demonstrates how the actions of members of Congress can both stimulate and suppress lobbying activity.


The safety and immunogenicity of acellular pertussis (AP) vaccine in outbreak control was determined in a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Participants received AP vaccine (n=102), which contained 25 microg of pertussis toxoid (PT) and 3 microg of filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), or licensed meningococcal vaccine (MN; n=97). Local reactions (pain or tenderness, redness, swelling, and induration) and systemic reactions (fever, sleepiness or lethargy, and irritability) were similar among AP and MN vaccinees. One month after AP vaccination, the geometric mean level of IgG anti-PT was 33.1 microg/mL, with 2-fold increases in 85% of patients and 4-fold increases in 73% of patients; for IgG anti-FHA, the respective values were 34.7 microg/mL, 92%, and 63%. After 6 months of follow-up, no serological evidence of pertussis was seen among symptomatic or asymptomatic subjects. However, recent evidence of Bordetella pertussis infection before immunization was shown. Thus, AP vaccine was safe and immunogenic in adults.


Preface Public Health, Workforce, Quality, & Related Provisions in PPACA: Summary & Timeline Private Health Insurance Provisions in the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Community Living Assistance Services & Supports (CLASS) Provisions in the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Preexisting Exclusion Provisions for Children & Dependent Coverage under the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Indian Health Care Improvement Act Provisions in the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act (P.L. 111-148) Health-Related Revenue Provisions in the Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act (PPACA) Index.


With the research object of membrane equipment,the system key technique of the quick quotation system based for membrane equipment was proposed and studied.The integrated quotation system for membrane equipment is founded,which has strong openness,adaptability and increasing progressively by stage.It can improve engineering design,engineering development,the level of control and enhance the competitiveness of enterprise's market.


We consider the problem of proactive, 24/7 monitoring of the condition of stored grain by means of a wireless sensor network infrastructure. Temperature and moisture measurements by means of such a network infrastructure can help in accurately classifying the condition of stored grain piles. We employ machine learning techniques, and neural networks in particular, to classify the stored grain condition. Our results indicate it is possible to accurately classify the condition of stored grain with approximately 99% accuracy through this approach.


We investigate theoretically the oxidation stability of the Si(001) (2 × 1) reconstructed surface passivated by Sr. Using density functional theory, we find that the Sr surface with ½ monolayer of Sr is protected against oxidation. The presence of Sr delays the oxidation of the surface dimer, and even when the dimer is oxidized, O does not react with the back-bond, preventing the unwanted vertical growth of SiO2. We also show that ¼ monolayer of Sr protects the Si surface in a different way. In the presence of ¼ monolayer of Sr, O atoms are attracted to the Sr-Si dimer complexes, thus preventing the formation of SiO2.


Basho's haiku and the poetry of the imagists are the two most prominent examples of extremely short poetic forms in world literature. Their brevity matters, for the drastic reduction in space bespeaks the poets' fundamental questioning of what poetry really is: there is no room to be anything but "poetic." For the imagists, this meant fresh imagery as a means of cognitive exploration. Preoccupied with "newness," however, they tended to disregard the importance of the "old" as a necessary means to set off novelty, an oversight that led to their eventual demise. Haiku, on the other hand, is a genre of long standing, firmly rooted in tradition. The key to its unabated vigor lies in Basho's keen awareness of the utility of the past in undertaking an avant-garde enterprise, which he summed up in his famous adage "fueki-ryuko," which can be roughly translated as "permanence and change." My essay undertakes a detailed and comparative stylistic and semiotic analysis of a few representative works by Basho and the Imagists, exploring the part tradition plays in them.


Ionic liquids (ILs) are low-melting-point molten salts, defined as which form liquids at room temperature or even at temperatures lower than a boiling point of water. The property is owing to that the liquid state is thermodynamically favorable due to the large size and conformational flexibility of the ions, in which these behaviors lead to small lattice enthalpies and large entropy changes that favor the liquid state (Welton, 1999). In the past more than a decade, ILs have attracted much attention due to their specific characteristics such as a negligible vapor pressure, excellent thermal stabilities, and controllable physical and chemical properties (Plechkova & Seddon, 2008). Beyond these traditional properties of ILs, recently, interests and applications on ILs have been extended to the researches related to biomolecules such as naturally occurring polysaccharides, because of specific good affinities of ILs for them (Seoud et al., 2007). Polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature and have been regarded as structural materials and as suppliers of water and energy (Schuerch, 1986). Natural polysaccharides such as cellulose, starch, chitin, and other many kinds of them have recently received much attention for use as resources of new green and sustainable materials because of their ecofriendly properties. However, the natural polysaccharides have often exhibited solubility, processability, and feasibility problems due to numerous hydrogen bonds in their polymeric chains, causing difficulty in employing them in a wide variety of materials. In 1934, Graenacher had already discovered that a molten N-ethylpyridinium chloride, in the presence of nitrogen-containing bases, dissolved cellulose (Graenacher, 1934). This was probably the first example of the cellulose dissolution using IL-type solvents. However, this was thought to be of little practical value at the time because the concept of ILs had not been put forward. In 2002, Rogers et al. comprehensively reported that an IL, 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) dissolved cellulose in relatively high concentrations and this research opened up a new way for the development of a class of cellulose solvent systems (Swatloski et al., 2002). Since this publication, ILs have began to be used in the processing of cellulose and other polysaccharides, which mainly concern with the dissolution, homogeneous derivatization and modification, and regeneration (Zhu et al., 2006, Liebert & Heinze, 2008, Feng & Cheng, 2008, Pinkert et al., 2009). In recent years, ILs have been extensively used as functional components in the polysaccharides-based materials besides the above traditional uses as solvents and media. The concept in these researches is based on the properties of ILs that exhibit good affinities


Introduction 1. Family life 2. Adolescents 3. Student days 4. Literary formation 5. Conflict 6. Literary debut 7. Sons and Lovers.


The complementarity[3] of GMRES(m)residual polynomials is exploited to define a matrix M-1as right side precondition matrix of the the linear system to set up right polynomial preconditioned GMRES algorithm.It is proved that under certain conditions,M-1can effectively reduce the number of matrix conditions to ensure the effect of the new algorithm.


One of the critical problems in designing and making an implant is to reduce the weight of the implant without compromising its mechanical properties and make it more porous that replicate the biomechanical properties of the bone. A new design is proposed for segmental bone defect (SBD) tibial implant unit cells rather than the existing design of Aaron Vance and Klaudio Bari (2018). Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was completed for the choice of the unit cell and to predict the implant performance. The optimization is carried out to reduce the mass of the existing unit cell design. The outcome of this research shows that the developed implant unit cell exhibits a mass of 1.06g, the maximum stress of 42.885 MPa, and a relative density of 0.2413. This is slightly lower than the existing unit cells to allow for the replacement of the existing implant unit cell with a porosity of 75.2% which is considered significant for the determination of the unit cell for global structure.


The attraction of primordial germ cells (PGCs) by the gonadal anlage (germinal ridge; GR) in vitro has been demonstrated in the chick. PGCs were isolated from circulating blood of stage 13 embryos (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951), placed between the GR and other embryonic tissues (neural tube, heart, allantois, liver) as controls separated by a distance of 170 μm on collagen‐coated substrate, and cultured with modified medium 199 (Kuwana and Fujimoto, Anat. Rec., 209:337–343, 1984) containing 10% fetal calf serum (pH 7.3). The behavior of PGCs was observed for 3 hr by 16‐mm time‐lapse microcinematography.


The formal properties of the Fock expansion of helium-atom wave functions provide a frame within which the behavior of doubly excited $^{1}P$ states can be simply expressed. The convergence of the expansion is investigated.


Objective:To emphasize the importance of Ⅰ stage resection for resectable HCC.Methods:To analyze retrospectively the incidence of pleuritis in 33 cases on which Ⅱ stage right lobe HCC resection was performed following TACE(transarterical chemoembolization),and in 150 patients who underwent Ⅰ stage right lobe HCC resection in the same period.Results:The incidence in Ⅱ stage resection group was 39.3%, significantly higher than 6% in Ⅰ stage resection group through U test (P0.05).Conclusion:The optimal strategy for resectable HCC is Ⅰ stage operative therapy.


The rapid rise of Internet technologies has seen traditional businesses trading with off-line partners lose strength in the market. If businesses want potential partners and customers to find their services via the Internet, they must expose their business and service details using Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) technologies such as Web Services and ebXML frameworks. To the end, the enterprises must publish their services in a public registry (e.g., UDDI registry, ebXML Reg/Rep) and they should adequately be discovered by the partners and customers. Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI) has emerged as a promising general-purpose registry specification in SOA. Web service providers can arbitrarily describe and advertise their service details using the technical model (tModel) and UDDI users can discover those services using key-value pairs. The above characteristics of UDDI raise the following issues. First, the strict key-value expression and limited tModel capacity of the UDDI registry unnecessarily restrict the types and amount of information about services that can be included. To cope with these restrictions, approaches have been developed that define URI keys that point to service descriptions stored at dispersed locations. However, the approaches cause the UDDI users to be reluctant to retrieve the referred descriptions. Additionally the informal service description specifications are difficult for software agents to infer. Second, the UDDI users must have full knowledge of the UDDI specification (e.g., element name and value range, attribute name and type) for accurate discovery. In practice, the users may use other expressions than the providers use. Third, in opposition to the above disadvantage, the UDDI registry 2 Jungho Jang, Buhwan Jeong, Hyunbo Cho, and Jaeman Lee specification is also too generic for users to identify and integrate enterprises in a vertical industry. Ideally, the UDDI registry should be comprehensive to every user, but specialized to each vertical industry. To achieve this goal, without massively modifying the present UDDI framework; the following conditions are required: 1) The semantic descriptions of services must be stored within the UDDI registry so as to be accessible, 2) Standard representation specifications for the semantic descriptions must be agreed upon between the providers and users of a vertical industry, and 3) The UDDI registry (or the user's agent) must be capable of inferring and mapping semantics between service descriptions and user request descriptions. The objective of this paper is to extend the UDDI registry specification to make it suitable for the registering and discovery of various types of manufacturing enterprises. Specifically, we first extend the UDDI framework to include a semantic description container. Second, we establish the specification of manufacturing capability profiles using the Web Ontology Language (OWL). Third, for service discovery, we revise and extend existing ontology mapping algorithms. Through a prototype implementation, we demonstrate the registering of manufacturing capability profiles and the finding of manufacturing services in a remote manner. The proposed approach should contribute to the effective integration of distributed manufacturing enterprises.


According to the specific requirement of electric vehicle(EV), the basic design ruleschoosing the technical target of switched reluctance motor (SRM) are presented and the technical target of the 20kW SRM used on EV is given. After a basic design idea is presented anda rational structure type is selected, the structure of the SRM is optimized. Then finite elementanalysis and performance simulations are carried out on the SRM. The simulated andexperimental results are given for comparison. Finally combined with the road test, some useful conclusions are drawn.


Background  Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) B radiation leads to epidermal damage and generation of reactive oxygen species. The photoprotective effect of extracts of three varieties of leaves (red, yellow, and black) from maca (Lepidium meyenii), a plant from the Peruvian highlands, was assessed in mouse skin exposed to UVB radiation.


In UMP, the student's room is cramped with individual product such as study table and wardrobe that causing the limited living space. In order to overcome this, the table, rack and wardrobe (TRW) are proposed to be one unit from three separate units. This paper is aim to proposed a framework of the integrated design. The design concept is aim to apply by adopting the principle of Design for Assembly (DFA) and Design for Disassembly (DFD) concept. The product design properties such as mechanical strength and stress will be analyzed by using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The Pugh Method then is used and it is aim to select the best alternative based on the DFA, DFD and FEM criteria. Afterwards, the fabricating process is done by using punching and bending machine. The consequences of applying all the analysis mentioned to the product are in order to create a better quality and reliability of the product and also improving customer satisfaction.


Over the past decade, nanofabrication technologies such as direct laser writing (DLW) have made it possible to build near-arbitrarily shaped 3D microstructures.1 If we disperse these structures in aqueous media, it is possible to pick up and dynamically actuate them in 3D using optical tweezers: focused beams of light that can trap and manipulate dielectric particles.2 Such capabilities herald a variety of novel applications, including new ways to explore, image, and characterize the nanoscale world.3–6 To increase the technology's potential, we can hand over control of these microscopic tools to a computer. By automatically monitoring their positions in real time, and guiding the locations of the optical traps using feedback, we can program the microtools to react to their environment, and can choreograph their motion with nanoscale finesse. This represents a new form of optically actuated microrobotics,7, 8 which relies on the union of cutting-edge fabrication, manipulation, and tracking technologies. We build bespoke microstructures using a commercially available DLW system (Nanoscribe Photonic Professional), as shown in Figure 1. DLW relies on the local solidification of a photoresist at the focus of a laser beam using a two-photon polymerization process.1 By sweeping the beam through the photoresist, optical-quality 3D structures are reproducibly "drawn" with feature sizes down to 100nm. When we have fabricated an array of structures on a surface, we immerse them in a droplet of water, gently disengage them from the substrate, and inject them into a microscope sample cell.9 Once they are in the sample chamber, we can pick up and actuate the microstructures using a microscope equipped with holographic optical tweezers (HOT).10 The tweezers use the high-intensity gradients produced in a tightly focused laser beam to trap micron-sized dielectric particles. If the position of Figure 1. Microscopic tools fabricated using direct laser writing.3 (a) An optical microscope image of three different designs immersed in water in a sealed sample. Inset: A schematic of how a microtool is stably optically trapped. (b, c) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of two of the microtools shown in (a).


In allusion to usage safety for ABS engineering plastic circular pipe,based on the sufficient strength and rigidity due to construction of pipe ends,the test data of burst pressure of ABS plastic circular pipe can be increased,author has derived and obtained the empirical formula for determining the burst pressure of ABS engineering plastic circular pipe,and the calculating equation for distinguishing critical lengths of long/short circular pipes.


The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 was identified in 12 out of 33 patients with acute non-granulomatous anterior uveitis. This is a frequency of 36.36%, compared with 4.72% in controls. Seven patients had in addition evidence of systemic disease, including ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis, Reiter's disease, Still's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Five of these were HLA-B27 positive, which suggests that the uveitis in many of these cases has a similar aetiology to the uveitis in those with rheumatic disease. It appears that the more severe cases of acute anterior uveitis are related more frequently to the presence of HLA-B27.


Abdominal wall haematomas are uncommon, difficult to diagnose clinically and often associated with systemic anti-coagulation. Seven cases together with the imaging results are presented and the characteristic features and potential pitfalls are discussed. Ultrasound is the first line investigation but the results can be misleading and computed tomography (CT) is often required to confirm the diagnosis.


The authors report a case of Cockett's syndrome discovered by ilio--cava angiography at a patient who was operated on a bilateral retro-iliac ureter which occasioned an important renal insufficiency. After a review of the literature, it appears it is the first case published with such a pathologic association mentioned.


In the present study, Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) a macro-scale hydrological model was used to simulate the hydrology of Mahanadi river basin of India. The analysis was carried out for the impact of land use/ land cover (LULC) changes on stream flow pattern. Surface runoff was simulated for the year 1972, 1985 and 2003 to quantify the changes that have taken place due to change in LULC. An increase by 4.53% (3514.2 x 10 m) in the annual streamflow was estimated at Mundali outlet of the Mahanadi basin from 1972 to 2003. This may attributed due to decrease in forest cover by 5.71%. The validation of VIC model showed a close agreement between the observed and simulated runoff values with the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.821 and relative error of 0.085.


Aim. To study the incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular events (CVEs) during an 8-year follow-up of a cohort of men aged 25-44 years (Novosibirsk).Material and methods. The cohort study included 1415 people aged 37,33 [31,83; 41,92] years (Median, Me [interquartile range, Q25; Q75], of which 670 (47,3%) were men. Median follow-up period was 6,9 [5,8; 7,8] years. CVEs were identified using the "Registry of Acute Myocardial Infarction", fatal cases — from the "Medical Certificates of Cause of Death". The examination program included a questionnaire, anthropometry, biochemical studies. Statistical processing was carried out using SPSS (version 13.0).Results. Thirteen CVEs were identified, of which 6 were fatal. Survival prognosis was more favorable in men without hypertension, with a heart rate (HR) <80 bpm. The risk of CVEs increased by 14% with an increase in fasting plasma glucose by 0,5 mmol/l, by 1,8 times with creatinine increase by 10 pmol/l (decreased by 29% with an increase in glomerular filtration rate by 5 ml/min /1,73 m2); 2 times with a heart rate increase by 10 bpm, regardless of other cardiometabolic risk factors.Conclusion. Significant risk factors for fatal and non-fatal CVEs in men aged 25-44 years are hypertension, heart rate >80 bpm, increased fasting plasma glucose, creatinine levels (or decreased glomerular filtration rate).


In-situ testing has been conducted to evaluate the output power of sediment-based microbial fuel cell prototypes. Prototypes have been developed, by the Naval Research Lab (NRL) and Oregon State University (OSU), to power a hydrophone that is used by the Navy to track pacific green sea turtles in San Diego Bay. The NRL MFC anode consisted of a graphite anode buried in anaerobic sediment. The OSU MFC anode consisted of a carbon fiber anode inside a chamber that created a seal with the sediment. Both systems had a carbon fiber cathode floating in the water column. Each fuel cell trickle charged a rechargeable battery which provided power to the hydrophone. The MFC designed by NRL generated up to 60 mW of power and powered the hydrophone for a three month period of time. A miniature MFC was developed that evaluated the power potential of sediment and determined the optimal deployment sites for MFC systems.


The increasing use of ultraviolet (UV) light in medicine, industrial environments, for cosmetic use, and even in consumer products necessitates that greater attention be paid to the potential hazards of this type of electromagnetic radiation. To avoid any adverse effects of exposure to this type of radiation, suitable protection filters were produced to block UV bands. Nanostructure composite and thin film of titanium dioxide coatings on glass have been prepared by the sol-gel method. TiO2 sol suspension was prepared by first add- ing titanium tetra isopropoxide (Ti(OPr)4 or TTP) to a mixture of ethanol and HCl (molar ratio TTP:HCl:EtOH:H2O = 1:1.1:10:10) and then adding a 2 wt.% solution of hydroxyl ethyl cellulose (HEC) as dispersant followed by of stirring. Precalcined TiO2 nanopowder was mixed with a sol and heat treated. Thin and composite films were deposited on the glass substrate (microscope glass slide) by spin- coating them at ambient conditions. After drying, samples were heated to 500 oC. The resulting films were characterized by UV-Vis spec- troscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The purpose of our study was to determine if thin and compos- ite TiO2 films with ultraviolet light have any effect on the growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus species (Bacillus sp.) We have seen unusual results in which TiO2 thin and composite films protect E. coli, S. aureus and Bacil- lus sp from UV light. The survival of E. coli with UV alone was 3.2 % while with UV and TiO2 composite film was 91%. The UV- absorbing coatings are transparent, colorless, and exhibit high optical quality. The UV-protective coatings offer an easy method to protect the living organisms against UV.


Aggregate earnings for the property-casualty insurance industry have exhibited cyclical behavior for decades. I develop a dynamic model of the insurance industry with endogenous premium setting, risk aversion, and other feedbacks; and use the model to identify strategies to mitigate the cycle. In addition to documenting the insurance industry model this work introduces several strategies for building con dence in system dynamics models when only some data is available. Simulation results suggest that the relative strength of the inputs signals in the premium setting process is the important driver of the stability of insurance industry pro ts.


BPEL is an important technology to achieve SOA service composition and service orchestration.This paper mainly discussed the syntax definition of π-calculus and the algorithm using π-calculus to model web service,then took a typical bank loan service system for example,used π-calculus for formal description and verification.


Methods of extrication and spinal immobilisation following trauma remains controversial. There is a consensus shift towards encouraging patients to self-extricate from vehicles after collisions and reduced use of hard cervical collars. Difficulties in conducting randomised controlled trials in this area means that case reports are important in adding to the existing evidence base. This case of an 81-year-old female polytrauma patient suggests that self-extrication, and not using hard cervical collars is safe practice, even in the context of significant multi-level spinal injuries.


Mangiferin is a 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-D-glucoside that has been reported to occur naturally in several genera. It exhibits a wide array of biological activities and also in several cases is responsible for the traditional use of its natural sources. It has been shown to exhibit various pharmacological activities, and thus has several possible applications in clinical research. This review presents a comprehensive literature search of different studies carried out on this secondary metabolite, especially its antidiabetic, anticancer, and antioxidant effects as well as, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activities. The emphasis of the current review is on the chemistry and biological activity of mangiferin and its derivatives in addition to rational and ecologically acceptable methods for provision of this natural compound on a large scale. Therefore, further investigations may help in exploiting its properties and developing phytopharmaceuticals based on it.


The purpose of this Innovations Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) project was to develop an economical on-board wheel monitoring system for railroad applications that will improve railroad safety by reducing complete component failure. The Autonomous Rolling Stock System (ARMS) will provide warnings to train operators as well as railroad car owners before the component failure occurs such that preventive maintenance can be performed on a scheduled basis. There is currently a patent pending on this system. The ARMS unit is a small electronics package which attaches directly on the outer hub of a train car wheel. It forms its own network and communicates important data and trends to a central data collection unit on the train for transmission to a central database external to the train.


The dielectric properties of biological materials are relevant when developing moisture content sensors. However, little is known about the permittivities of switchgrass and corn stover in a wider frequency range. The goal of this research was to determine their dielectric constants and loss factors at different moisture contents across a frequency range of 5 Hz to 13 MHz and with the material static and in motion inside a sample container. The permittivity of these materials was calculated by measuring their admittance in a test fixture using an impedance analyzer at three different moisture levels (9.0% to 30.5%). Overall, the materials' dielectric properties increased with moisture but decreased with frequency. Prediction models were developed using the data in a frequency range of 10 kHz to 5 MHz. Model coefficients of determination were higher than 0.90 in general, except for the model measuring the loss factor of switchgrass in motion. Additionally, the dielectric constant was not different with the materials static or in motion, but the loss factor values were distinct. This work can be used for the development of electrical moisture content sensors for switchgrass and corn stover.


This chapter reviews family participation in nature-based tourism in Cairns, Australia, where the Great Barrier Reef and Wet Tropics rainforests are key drawcards. There are a large number of nature tourism experiences for families and other visitors in Cairns, based around reef, rainforest, and wildlife attractions. However, the family tourism market segment has been little studied in Cairns. Key demographic and product trends for families in nature tourism include the smaller size of most families, level of discretionary income and choice of nature-based locations and activities.


This research deals with molecular electronics of DNA double helices. We consider a 10 base-pair poly(G)-poly(C) double stranded DNA molecule, tilted with respect to the intercontact electric field direction. An advanced tight-binding (TB) model including hopping integrals of the next nearest neighbors (NNN) and DNA helix conformation is implemented. The transport properties, such as single electron transmission spectra and current-voltage characteristics as functions of source-drain voltage and tilt angle, are studied both with and without NNN effects.


This paper presents the utilization of 3D Finite Element (FE) modelling to perform electromagnetic analysis of the coreless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator AFPMG. The steady state performance of the AFPMG is predicted based on a magneto-static analysis. The magnetic flux and air gap flux density distribution are obtained from the FE model where initial results are validated by experimental setup. A custom macro is developed to extract the induced voltages and the harmonics contents in the output waveform of the generator. Finally the FE no-load and load performance results are obtained and compared with experimental test results.


Introduction Valuable lessons about good teaching often come from spontaneous experiences in the classroom. According to Eble (1988), good teachers are knowledgeable, organized, and possess certain personal qualities and attitudes considered useful for working with students. These teachers are singled out as enthusiastic, energetic, approachable, concerned, imaginative and have a good sense of humor. Some argue that good teaching is an art while others see it as a skill that can be developed (Brookfield, 1990; Galbraith, 1990; Wlodkowski, 1990). Significant classroom events can occur accidentally and those moments challenge even the most gifted teacher's abilities. Consider delivering a difficult lecture and in the middle of a complicated point, one of your students arrives late and disrupts the moment. How do you respond? One single experience with a student will neither determine the qualities of a skilled teacher nor how to manage the classroom environment. Instead, it is the policies and procedures we create and the related behaviors we exhibit that communicates our approach to students. Conti (1998) defines this as "teaching style." Teaching style can be conceptualized on a continuum ranging from being teacher-centered to student-centered. In practice, the instructor usually reflects an eclectic combination of the two ends of this continuum. Informed by one's educational philosophy, teaching style is shaped by the cumulative result of a set of interrelated experiences sustained over an extended period of time (Zinn, 1998). Teaching style serves as a guide to dealing with the interpersonal aspects of the student-teacher dyad. Responding to the disruptive student described above requires one's full attention and is certainly not the time to ponder educational philosophy Insight about how one views the classroom can help the instructor move through those critical incidents like the disruptive student described above. Consistency in teaching style improves student outcomes and the teacher's professional-self (Conti, 1998). This article describes a series of principles aimed at helping the instructor manage the classroom. Taken together, these principles characterize a particular teaching style. They are based on a view of education as active, cooperative, and demanding. The principles presented here are by no means an exhaustive list but, hopefully will help the instructor to gain insight into his/her own teaching style. The principles include timely and regular attendance, the quality of assignments, learning tasks, class participation, and class process. Based on the authors' analysis of their course syllabi, classroom observation of their teaching, and student course evaluations, three distinct styles emerged ranging on a continuum from teacher-centered to student-centered characterizing the instructor's involvement in the classroom. The three points along this continuum are: * Autonomor--The instructor style characterized as an autonomor offers each student complete autonomy over classroom policies and procedures bound only by institutional constraints. * Facilitator--The facilitator encourages students to develop their own classroom policies and procedures. * Dictator--The dictator imposes classroom policies and procedures on students. Each point along the continuum allows the teacher to make adjustments to accommodate each individual students' needs and interests. It is widely understood that adult learners balance work, family, health, social, religious and other responsibilities with school. Adult learners have multiple interests that compete for their time; however, each student is different. Principles Reflecting Teaching Style We offer strategies for each principle anchored within the three identified points along the continuum. The advantages and limitations of each principle are presented. In practice, the instructor will probably use a combination of styles and therefore the specific strategies presented are not mutually to be considered as inclusive but presented as "best practices. …


Whilst it is increasingly acknowledged that integration is 'a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents', the focus in integration theory, policy and practice has been placed upon refugees or migrants themselves. The role of receiving societies in supporting and providing the context for integration has not been systematically interrogated. This article is original in its focus upon the role of receiving societies in shaping refugee-integration outcomes. It attends to multiple interconnecting receiving-society-opportunity structures shifting thinking about refugee integration by asking how refugee-receiving countries influence refugee integration. Introducing five sets of host society opportunity structures: locality, discourse, relations, structure and initiatives and support, the article highlights the impossibility of understanding integration outcomes using the unidimensional models that have largely dominated thinking to date. Instead, a multi-dimensional integration model is proposed that will allow more nuanced understanding of integration processes and how they occur at different levels. The article ends by outlining some ideas around how migration scholars shift their focus from refugee characteristics to understanding better the influence of host society opportunity structures.


Based on a historically fruitful model of autonomic receptors located on or in responding smooth and cardiac muscle cells, the hypothesis of inhibitory adrenergic presynaptic sites modulating neurotransmitter release has achieved a rapid and distinctive status (Rand et al 1975; Starke & Endo 1976; Langer 1977; Starke 1977). Derived in essence from manifold observations in numerous species and tissues that phenoxybenzamine and allied cc-receptor antagonists enhance, and noradrenaline and its analogues reduce the efflux of sympathetic nerve transmitter during stimulation it appears to provide a unitary explanation of neuronal events involving exogenous agonists and antagonists. This attractive hypothesis, introducing parsimony and feedback precision into the exocytotic release process remains, however, untested in its particulars. The negative feedback function assigned to the neuronal a-adrenoceptors makes demands on its performance which can be, but have not yet been, tested experimentally. Guinea-pig left atria were bisected and incubated for 60 rnin in 4.0 ml of oxygenated ( 5 % CO, in 0,) KrebsHenseleit (Krebs) solution (Kalsner 1979a) containing ( -)-[7,8-3H]noradrenaline (10 pCi ml-l, 7.6-10.0 x lo-' M) then washed with fresh Krebs solution and mounted under 2 g tension between platinum wire electrodes. Tissues were superfused continuously with warmed (37°C) and oxygenated Krebs solution at a flow rate of 5 ml min-'. Cocaine hydrochloride (3 pg m1-l; 8.8 x M) and normetanephrine hydrochloride (2.2118 m1-l; 1 x M j were routinely present in the Krebs solution to block neuronal and extraneuronal uptake processes. Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride and (-)-noradrenaline bitartrate, when used, were dissolved directly in the Krebs solution. After a 90 min equilibration period each tissue was stimulated transmurally with a train of 100 pulses of 1 ms duration and supramaximal voltage once at each of the five test, frequencies (0.5-10 Hz) in random sequence, with a 10 min interval between tests. One of each pair of atrial halves was then exposed to either the agonist (20 min) or antagonist (30 min) followed by a


This study aims to investigate the factors which affect dance learning motivation during class. The research has been conducted based on the factor theory according to learning circumstances by Dornyei(1994, 1998, 2001) and influence factors in english learning motivation by kim Eun-joo(2004). The pilot-test was conducted for credibility and experiential validity. And the survey was based on the 306 survey participants of 106 middle school students, 113 high school students and 87 college students with the score range of 5 for each 48 questionnaire. The influence factor in dance learning motivation is classified into reinforcing factor, demotivation factor, and maintaining factor and the low rank category includes learner, learning content, class method, teacher, study group and class atmosphere. The reinforcing factor in dance learning motivation appeared as learning achievement which a learner section. In the difference between genders, male students showed the interest rate in content which is a learning content section, and female students showed learning performance, which is a learner section. In the difference between belonging group, middle school students, high school students, and college students all showed learning achievement, which is a learner section. In the difference of genre, korean dance and ballet showed learning achievement, which is a learner section, and modern dance showed the attitude of instructor, which is a teacher section. In the difference of experience, all those having the experience of one year to less than three years, more than three years to less than six years, more than six years to nine years, and more than nine years showed learning performance, which is a learner section. The demotivation factor in dance learning motivation appeared as interest, which is a learning content section. In the difference by gender, male students shows the closeness with instructor, which is an instructor section, and female students show the interest, which is a learning content section. In the difference by belonging group, middle school students shows instructor`s attitude, which is an instructor section, high school students shows the interest, a learning content section, and college students shows the closeness with instructors, an instructor section. In the difference by genre, korean dance shows the interest, the learning content section, Ballet showed the closeness with instructors, an instructor section and modern dance shows the unilateral class method, a class method section. In the difference by experience, those with experience of one year to less than three years, more than three years to less than six years shows the closeness with instructor, the instructor section and six years to less than nine years shows the interest, the learning content section. The maintaining factor in dance learning motivation appeared as learning achievement, a learner section. In the difference by gender, male students showed learning achievement, a learner section and interest, a learning content section. And female students showed learning performance, a learner section. In the difference by belonging group, all showed learning performance, a learner section. In the difference by genre, korean dance and ballet showed learning achievement, a learning content section, and modern dance showed learning achievement, a learner section and the closeness with instructor, an instructor section. In the difference by experience, those with experience of one year to less than three years showed the closeness instructor, an instructor section and three years to less than six years, and six years to less than nine years showed the interest, a learning content section. This research aims to provide learners with practical basic information on learning behavior by empirically identifying the factors in dance learning motivation that influences the dance learning, also providing instructors and learners the effective class method by grasping what are the factors that intensify, decrease or continue learning motivation in dance class circumstances. Based on this research findings, establishing a class method is highly suggested. according to influence factors, and learning motivation by background and as a following research, the research and development of practice dance program at the dance education situations is also highly recommendable.


Background: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is currently considered to be the gold standard in conservative treatment for intermediate and high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, up to 40% of the patients, treated with adjuvant BCG therapy, experience failure. As the new methods of treatment after BCG failure appear, there is a need to assess efficacy of this therapy in order to improve appropriate treatment during or before BCG therapy.

Aim: To review the latest studies on factors, predicting BCG efficacy, and provide summarized information regarding treatment outcomes in current practice.

Methodology: The search was conducted in MEDLINE (Pubmed) and ScienceDirect databases using predetermined keywords: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), failure, intravesical therapy, outcome, response, predicting factors, immunological markers, efficacy. 10 articles published since 2017 were included in this literature review.

Results: Prognostic factors such as the use of antibiotics prior to the therapy, body mass index (BMI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor substaging, CD4/CD8, GATA3/T-bet, CD163/CD68, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios are promising factors for estimating the possible response of BCG therapy before undergoing treatment. Blood eosinophil count and percentage, FISH test following 3 months after first BCG instillation and a Cytokine Panel for Response to Intravesical Therapy (CyPRIT) nomogram showed huge potential for predicting BCG outcome during BCG treatment.

Conclusion: There are quite many possible clinicopathologic, immunological, immunohistochemical and anamnestical factors that could predict the success of BCG therapy. However, in order to include prognostic factors in treatment guidelines, further studies should be performed to determine which of these factors have the greatest clinical value.


We show that Sineβ , the bulk limit of the Gaussian β-ensembles is the spectrum of a self-adjoint random differential operator f → 2R−1 t ( 0 − d dt d dt 0 ) f, f : [0, 1) → R2, where Rt is the positive definite matrix representation of hyperbolic Brownian motion with variance 4/β in logarithmic time. The result connects the Montgomery–Dyson conjecture about the Sine2 process and the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function, the Hilbert–Pólya conjecture and de Brange's attempt to prove the Riemann hypothesis. We identify the Brownian carousel as the Sturm–Liouville phase function of this operator. We provide similar operator representations for several other finite dimensional random ensembles and their limits: finite unitary or orthogonal ensembles, Hua-Pickrell ensembles and their limits, hard-edge β-ensembles, as well as the Schrödinger point process. In this more general setting, hyperB Benedek Valkó email@example.com Bálint Virág email@example.com 1 Department of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA 2 Departments of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada


Image1 matching is a fundamental problem in Computer Vision. In the context of feature-based matching, SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) and its variants have long excelled in a wide array of applications. However, for wide-baseline images, it is more challenging due to large perspective distortions. In this paper, we introduce a novel affine invariant feature algorithm combining MSER (Maximum Stable Extreme Region) and DAISY descriptor for wide-baseline scenarios. Firstly, MSER algorithm is used to detect maximum stable extreme regions. Then the MSER region is fit to an elliptical shape. The ellipse area is normalized of direction and shape using the dominant orientation and the length of long and short axes of ellipse, respectively. And square feature region is resampled to a specified radius size. Finally, the DAISY descriptor is used to establish descriptor. The algorithm is validated by using benchmark images and real-world images. We demonstrate that our method has better reliability and is superior to SIFT and MSER+SIFT algorithm in the case of wide-baseline.