Intelligent learning mechanisms found in natural world remain are still in their learning performance and efficiency of dealing with uncertain information coming in a variety of forms, yet remain under continuous challenge from human driven artificial intelligence methods. This work intends to demonstrate how the phenomena observed in physical world can be directly used to guide artificial learning models. An inspiration for the new learning methods has been found in the mechanics of physical fields found in both micro and macro scale. Exploiting the analogies between data and particles subjected to gravity, electrostatic and gas particle fields, new algorithms have been developed and applied to classification and clustering while the properties of the field further reused in regression and visualisation of classification and classifier fusion. The paper covers extensive pictorial examples and visual interpretations of the presented techniques along with some testing over the well-known real and artificial datasets, compared when possible to the traditional methods.


Introduction: Arthroscopic surgery is the gold standard for cruciate ligament reconstruction in multi-ligament knee injuries. However, hospitals in limited-resource settings often lack arthroscopic-trained surgeons or equipment. Open approaches for treating knee dislocations can overcome many of these limitations. Methodology: This study aims to describe techniques for open approaches in a supine patient to address the cruciate ligaments in multi-ligament knee injuries and to review associated complications and clinical outcomes in a retrospective case series. Results: Ten patients with multi-ligament knee injuries who had undergone open cruciate ligament reconstruction between July 2016 and November 2018 were retrospectively identified. Open approaches were performed owing to the extravasation of arthroscopy fluid into the posterior compartment (3) or a large traumatic arthrotomy (7). Complications and patient-reported outcomes were analysed. Eight of the 10 patients were followed up at 10 months postoperatively (range, 5–23 months). None had iatrogenic neurovascular damage. Median outcomes scores were: visual analogue scale, 45 (range, 0–100); Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical Function Short Form, 81.4 (range, 75–100); Lysholm, 85 (range, 67–92). Discussion: Open approaches were safe and useful in treating cruciate ligaments and should be considered in arthroscopy fluid extraversion and large traumatic arthrotomies.


This present paperwork evinces the fire risks associated with batteries. This study is a
bibliographical-documentary research and was based on the handbook Fire Risks Associated
With Batteries from the Science Partner - Technical Research Institute of Sweden. Will
be approached the risks associated to batteries that are not in use or that have
been subjecting to situations of improper handling. Will be presented influence of exposure
situations to time, mechanical abuse, emission of hydrogen gas and blends of different types
of batteries in the recycling chain. It`s going to be also discussed new battery technologies,
safety devices and current legislation regarding their transport, storage and handling. Some
practical cases were exposed with the purpose of showing the importance of this study,
which is going to bring benefits in not only the use and manipulation of equipment, but also
contributions to the development of new technologies safer and efficient.


We read the commentary by Jones et al. with great interest (1). The authors describe the utilization of an elective oocyte cryopreservation as an opportunity to postpone motherhood. Although the authors delineate a comprehensive overview of the subject, several important issues need further consideration regarding the aforementioned commentary. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objectives. This 1‐year follow‐up survey of 214 medical inpatients aged 65 and older describes the outcome of major depressive episode (MDE), determines the incidence of new episodes and identifies factors associated with outcome and with new episodes of MDE.


As described by one of its Congressional sponsors, E-SIGN is a "deceptively simple" 1 law, which notes that whenever a written signature or paper record is needed to enforce an obligation or right, that requirement must be deemed to have been met by an electronic signature or record. Although E-SIGN clearly allows con- sumers and businesses to choose not to use electronic transaction methods, the statute imposes a mandate on government agencies to accept electronic records and signatures when they conduct com- mercial transaction, except with regard to the actual contract instru- ment to which a government agency is a party. On February 15, 2002, President Bush received the first digitally signed recommendation from a cabinet-level officer. On that date, Secretary of Energy Spencer Abraham issued a 9,000-page elec- tronic report recommending that a facility at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, be designated the permanent repository for the country's spent nuclear fuel and other high-level nuclear wastes. The Yucca Mountain facility is undoubtedly designed to last considerably longer than the technology that was used to create the secretary's electronic report. Nonetheless, even though the secretary's digital signature was considerably less permanent, his signature was still legally effective under the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (E-SIGN). 2 First, this report defines and describes the nature of electronic records and signatures. Second, it summarizes recent federal leg- islation, regulations, and directives leading up to the passage of E-SIGN. Third, it examines the key provisions of E-SIGN and the effect it may have on public contracting practices. Finally, it addresses the enforceability of electronic contracts under state law in light of E-SIGN.


Dialysis is an important treatment for people who have end stage kidney disease, which is considered incurable. This study uses the qualitative method of research and reviews nine articles that all talks about life while on dialysis. The study focuses on exploring the challenges and diversities that most adult dialysis patient's face with every day. This will spread, gain information and knowledge to improve skills in assisting patients living with dialysis. Taking into consideration Roy's adaptation (2009) model particularly the four human systems, which are physiologic, self-concept, and interdependence that relates to problems, and role concept that relates to changes that happens to the lives of all dialysis patients. The nine articles talks about the experiences of adult patients of dialysis that gains insight differently into their quality of life. The result shows there were four main categories found as answers to the aim of the study, which are physiologic, self-concept, interdependence and role concept. All four main categories have several subcategories that explains the challenges and diversities of a dialysis patient. _________________________________________________________________________ Language: English


A social network represents a social community as a directed graph. Communication on the Web has given rise to social network formation like, Web Community, Referral System etc. An earlier effort has proposed a data model for such Web-based social network. Present paper discusses the relevant index structures for processing queries on a social network schema based upon the proposed data model. The paper has also provided evaluation of the structural operators proposed in the data model and discussed their efficacy with query examples.


An in-vacuum undulator (IU) with a small period length can enhance the photon brilliance at hard x-ray region in a medium-energy facility; a cryogenic permanent-magnet undulator (CU) can provide greater photon energy about 65 keV. Insertion device (ID) of these two kinds are key technologies of the 3-GeV Taiwan Photon Source (TPS), but a conventional system with a granite bench to measure the magnetic field is unable to test the magnetic performance after the magnetic array is assembled inside the vacuum chamber. To measure the magnetic performance of these IDs before installation in the storage ring, we constructed a system to measure the magnetic field in a vacuum chamber, based on laser-positioning components and dynamic adjustment of positions of the Hall sensor. To ensure great accuracy of the position of a hall sensor, we corrected the vertical and transverse positions during measurements. A test magnetic array was measured six times under the same conditions to verify the reproducibility of the measurements; the results show that this system is reliable to test the distribution of the field in an undulator. We describe details of our design and measurements in this article.


A spectroscopic method using a specific interaction between guanidine groups and 2,4,5,7- tetrabromo-6-oxido-3-oxo-3H-xanthen-9-yl)benzoate (Eosin Y) for quantifying guanidine oligomers from consumer products was optimized. Specifically, reaction time, detection wavelength, pH condition, and solid-phase extraction were optimized with the method detection limits of 0.133, 0.155, and 0.195 mg/L for polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG), polyhexamethylene biguanidine (PHMB), poly(2-(2-ethoxy)ethoxyethyl guanidium hydrochloride (PGH), respectively. Using the method, the content of guanidine oligomers were determined from various consumer products (wet tissues, contact lens cleaners, and make-up removers). This method can be used for detecting the existence of guanidine oligomers from consumer products as a screening tool.


The structural properties of (001)- and (111)-oriented p+-type porous silicon samples have been investigated using X-ray techniques. X-ray reflectivity applied to thin layers of both orientations allows the estimation of the layer thickness, the porosity and the interface roughness. High-resolution X-ray diffraction was used to obtain symmetrical and asymmetrical rocking curves, as well as maps of the reciprocal space. The lattice-mismatch parameter was measured and some indications about the pore shape, orientation and size were deduced. The obtained X-ray curves as well as differential scanning calorimetry data are compared to discuss the influence of the substrate orientation on the structural properties of p+-type porous silicon material.


An atomic force microscope (AFM) system is used for large-area measurement with a spiral scanning strategy, which is composed of an air slide, an air spindle and a probe unit. The motion error which is brought from the air slide and the air spindle will increase with the increasing of the measurement area. Then the measurement accuracy will decrease. In order to achieve a high speed and high accuracy measurement, the probe scans along X-direction with constant height mode driven by the air slide, and at the same time, based on the change way of the motion error, it moves along Zdirection conducted by piezoactuator. According to the above method of error compensation, the profile measurement experiment of a micro-structured surface has been carried out. The experimental result shows that this method is effective for eliminating motion error, and it can achieve high speed and precision measurement of micro-structured surface.


The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters of leaves to evaluate the yield of Solanum tuberosum L. We conducted 3-year experiments with 24 varieties of potatoes, differing in ripeness groups (early ripening, mid-early ripening and mid ripening). Plant height, linear dimensions, number of stomata per unit leaf area as well as content of pigments, proline, membrane lipids and proteins, and the level of lipid per oxidation in the leaves of each variety were investigated. A 3D modeling method showed the yield of early varieties negatively correlated with an increase in temperatures (R = –0.97). The soil moisture content positively correlated with the yield of medium-early varieties (R = 0.97). The soil moisture content and the tuber numbers in mid-season varieties had a negative correlation (R = –0.96). The regulation mechanisms of processes in cells depend on the ripening time of a variety. In order to increase productivity and to improve the potato quality, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the regional climatic conditions and use the varieties of a certain ripening group. Our data refine the understanding of the relationship between the potato above-ground mass and the yield of tubers.


or relocating to them. The Chicago Tribunemeasured the pulse of these changes in two 2007 features, "Culture Clash: Boystown Shifting as More Families Move In" and "Gay Neighborhoods Worry About Losing Their Distinct Identity." And in an eye-catching companion piece, one of Chicago's free daily papers, the RedEye, ran a cover story playfully titled "There Goes the Gayborhood." A provocative photograph of one of the rainbow-colored pylons that adorn North Halsted Street and designate it as the city's main gay artery accompanied the piece—but the colors were fading and bleeding. The story reported, "With more families moving in and longtime residents moving out, some say Boystown [the informal moniker of Chicago's gayborhood] is losing its gay flavor... Some residents and activists welcome the gay migration, saying it's a sign of greater equality, while others say Boystown is losing its identity." The social forces contributing to this gay outmigration (and replacement by straights) stretch beyond the Windy City. San Diego's Hillcrest, Houston's Montrose, Atlanta's Midtown, Miami's South Beach, D.C.'s Dupont Circle, Boston's South End—each is an example of a traditional American gay neighborhood, and each seems to be on a list of endangered urban species. It's quixotic to think that gay neighborhoods have always been around and will never change. Neighborhoods and the cities that surround them are organic, continuously evolving places. But neither should we sing a requiem for the death and life of great gay villages,


We describe a valve for production of jet‐cooled species in a pulsed, long‐path‐length (1.2‐cm) supersonic expansion. The valve produces 150–600‐μs‐duration pulses at repetition rates up to 60 Hz from a nozzle with variable slit width, and is suitable for use with corrosive gases and vapors.


In his News Focus article "Nukes for windmills: quixotic or serious proposition?" (17 Sept., p. [1698][1]) (and the broader article on North Korean science, "A wary pas de deux," 17 Sept., p. [1696][2]), R. Stone quotes an unofficial envoy of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) as suggesting that the DPRK would be willing to abandon its nuclear program in exchange for clean energy technologies. The desire of North Koreans for renewable small-scale energy systems is consistent with what we have learned in our contacts with DPRK researchers and engineers in the context of our North Korean wind power project ([1][3]).

The key energy elements of the 1994 Agreed Framework between the United States and the DPRK—the two large (1 GW) light-water reactors (LWRs) and the 500,000 tonnes/year of heavy fuel oil that were to have been provided to the DPRK until the reactors were completed—were political compromises with severe practical drawbacks. The LWRs could not be operated safely without an interconnection to South Korea's grid, and the bottom-of-the-barrel, high-sulfur heavy fuel oil has reportedly accelerated degradation of an already dilapidated thermal power plant fleet ([2][4]).

Small and mini hydroelectric systems are a good match to the DPRK's terrain and climate, and parts of the DPRK seem to have at least a fair wind resource. Renewable options put the focus on economic redevelopment on the local level, rather than on the less tractable national level.

Renewable energy systems are not going to be enough by themselves to makeover the DPRK's energy sector in the near term, but can certainly contribute to the redevelopment of the DPRK energy infrastructure. They are also relatively resistant to diversion to military use and would engage a broad group of North Korean citizens with visitors from the outside as technological skills are transferred.

1. 1.[↵][5] 1. J. Williams, 2. P. Hayes, 3. C. Greacen, 4. D. Von Hippel, 5. M. Sagrillo
 , Bull. Atom. Sci. 55(no. 03), 40 (May/June 1999).
 [OpenUrl][6][CrossRef][7]

2. 2.[↵][8] 1. D. Von Hippel, 2. P. Hayes, 3. T. Savage, 4. M. Nakata
 , Modernizing the US-DPRK Agreed Framework: The Energy Imperative (Nautilus Institute Report, Nautilus Institute, Berkeley, CA, 2001) Discussions of the Agreed Framework and an analysis of the DPRK energy sector can be found in (available at ), and D. Von Hippel, P. Hayes, and T. Savage, The DPRK Energy Sector: Estimated Year 2000 Energy Balance and Suggested Approaches to Sectoral Redevelopment (Nautilus Institute, Berkeley, CA, 2003) (Nautilus Institute Report prepared for the Korea Energy Economics Institute).

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.305.5691.1698
 [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.305.5691.1696b
 [3]: #ref-1
 [4]: #ref-2
 [5]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1. in text"
 [6]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DBull.%2BAtom.%2BSci.%26rft.volume%253D55%26rft.issue%253Dno.%2B03%26rft.spage%253D40%26rft.atitle%253DBULL%2BATOM%2BSCI%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2968%252F055003014%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
 [7]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.2968/055003014&link_type=DOI
 [8]: #xref-ref-2-1 "View reference 2. in text"


Methods A randomised controlled trial (RCT) in participants who fulfi lled the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria for severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nineteen controls had no specifi c intervention; 25 underwent physical rehabilitation (PR) alone and 16 had both acupuncture and PR. Intensive PR consisted of twice weekly attendances for exercise and education over 2 h, plus inspiratory muscle training and unsupervised home exercise on 3 days each week. Additional acupuncture consisted of seven once a week sessions (immediately after a PR class), using points LI11, LI10, TE10, TE6, LU5 and LU7. Stimulation details are not reported. The control group duration was only 8 weeks, after which they started either PR alone or PR and acupuncture; they had no 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome was a change in measures of systemic infl ammation (interleukins, tumour necrosis factor α and C-reactive protein (CRP)) at the end of PR. Secondary end points were lung function, including maximum inspiratory pressure (PiMax), qualityof-life scores with the St George's questionnaire, functional capacity including steps taken, dyspnoea scores and exercise capacity.


This report summarizes results of the basic research project "Infrasound Propagation in the Arctic." The scientific objective of this project was to provide a baseline understanding of the characteristic horizontal propagation distances, frequency dependencies, and conditions leading to enhanced propagation of infrasound in the Arctic region. The approach emphasized theory and numerical modeling as an initial step toward improving understanding of the basic phenomenology, and thus lay the foundation for productive experiments in the future. The modeling approach combined mesoscale numerical weather forecasts from the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model with advanced acoustic propagation calculations. The project produced significant advances with regard to parabolic equation modeling of sound propagation in a windy atmosphere. For the polar low, interesting interactions with the stratosphere were found, which could possibly be used to provide early warning of strong stratospheric warming events (i.e., the polar vortex). The katabatic wind resulted in a very strong low-level duct, which, when combined with a highly reflective icy ground surface, leads to efficient long-distance propagation. This information is useful in devising strategies for positioning sensors to monitor environmental phenomena and human activities.


Abstract Current policies aim to promote and develop community-based support of disabled elderly persons, yet knowledge of the cost implications is insufficient. Thus, we aimed to estimate, for three disability profiles and three presence levels of the main informal carer (none, non-cohabitant, cohabitant), the cost of formal and informal support currently provided at home in Belgium. In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 5,642 disabled elderly persons living at home was established between 2010 and 2016. The administrative database of the Belgian public healthcare insurance was merged with other prospective data on social care service utilisation, informal care and disability. The total cost of formal support ranged from €725 to €1,344 (on average, per person, per month), depending on the three disability profiles identified. Twenty-five per cent of persons with the highest level of disability (important functional limitations and cognitive impairment) and helped by a cohabitant carer, had a low total cost of formal support: below €382 per month. Informal care represented the main cost component of total support costs in the three disability profiles (between 64 and 76%). To prevent the worsening of situations of disabled older persons and their informal carers, better detection of seriously disabled persons with low levels of formal support is crucial.


The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is studying options for future space-based missions for the EOS Follow-on Era (post 2003), building upon the measurements made by Pre-EOS and EOS First Series Missions. One mission under consideration is the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM), a cooperative venture of NASA, Japan, and other international partners. GPM will capitalize on the experience of the highly successful Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). Its goal is to extend the measurement of rainfall to high latitudes with high temporal frequency, providing a global data set every three hours. A reference concept has been developed consisting of an improved TRMM-like primary satellite with precipitation radar and microwave radiometer to make detailed and accurate estimates of the precipitation structure and a constellation of small satellites flying compact microwave radiometers to provide the required temporal sampling of highly variable precipitation systems. Considering that DMSP spacecraft equipped with SSMIS microwave radiometers, successor NPOESS spacecraft equipped with CMIS microwave radiometers, and other relevant international systems are expected to be in operation during the timeframe of the reference concept, the total number of small satellites required to complete the constellation will be reduced. A nominal plan is to begin implementation in FY'03 with launches in 2007. NASA is presently engaged in advanced mission studies and advanced instrument technology development related to the mission.


The results of the IS530 experiment at ISOLDE revealed new information concerning several nuclei close to the N approximate to 20 'Island of Inversion' - Mg-34, Al-34, Si-34. The half-life of Mg-34 was found to be three times larger than the adopted value (63(1) ms instead of 20(10) ms). The beta-gamma spectroscopy of Mg-34 performed for the first time in this experiment, led to the first experimental level scheme for Al-34, also showing that the full beta strength goes through the predicted 1(+) isomer in Al-34 [1] and/or excited states that deexcite to it. The subsequent beta-decay of the 1(+) isomer in Al-34 allowed the observation of new gamma lines in Si-34, (tentatively) associated with low-spin high-energy excited states previously unobserved.


Five possible mechanisms of dc vacuum breakdown are analyzed for rf electric fields. The theories which are considered are the vaporization of a micron‐sized cathode irregularity due to joule heating by field‐emitted electrons, vaporization of the anode due to bombardment by field‐emitted electrons, field‐emission current instability created by the presence of anode ions, exchange of electrode ions, and microparticle vaporization. The analysis indicates that mechanisms which do not involve anode ions in gaps of 0.2–1.0 cm will not be strongly influenced by rf fields in the frequency range of 20–120 MHz. Under similar conditions, the theories involving anode ions predict a very sizable increase in the voltage capability of vacuum‐insulated electrodes. Experimental ratios of vacuum breakdown voltage at 21.5 MHz to that for 60 Hz were experimentally determined for highly polished tungsten electrodes with separations between 0.18 and 0.61 cm. The rf voltages obtained experimentally were less than the values p...


With the more recent advent of high-throughput proteomics methodologies, we can now directly observe both the genetic output of the transcriptome and proteome. This combined knowledge provides together a deeper understanding of a cell system than one technique alone. We have applied a high-throughput characterization of the proteome of Yersinia pestis (agent of plague) and have compared the output to mRNA expression levels of the same sample conditions. Overview


We acknowledge the cooperation of numerous consultants in TIAA-CREF Consulting Services who administered the surveys in conjunction with seminars around the country. We would like to thank Pirie McIndoe, Al Gonzalez, and Brian Usischon, TIAA-CREF Raleigh-Durham Office, for their assistance in pretesting the survey and Robert Romano, TIAA-CREF Sales Support, for his efforts in coordinating the integration of the surveys with the financial education seminars. Paul Mulvey played a major role in the design of the survey, and Kshama Sawant provided important data analysis assistance for the project. Juanita Kreps contributed to the development of the overall project. Professor Clark's research on this project is supported by a grant from the TIAA-CREF Institute.


: In recent years, the China's biopharmaceutical industry has developed rapidly, accounting for a larger and larger proportion in the world's biopharmaceutical market. However, China's biopharmaceutical industry started later than developed countries, which is far behind developed countries. The international market share of American, European and Japanese enterprises has reached 59%, 19% and 17% respectively, while that of China and other countries is less than 5%. Therefore, China must improve the international competitiveness of the biopharmaceutical industry. In this paper, using the theory of international competitiveness as the foundation, from the drug quality, professional talents, knowledge, skills, money, and related infrastructure, government policy, etc., studies the influence factors of affect the biological medicine industry in China and puts forward some corresponding suggestions and countermeasures, in order to improve the production's international competitive advantage in China.


Introduction In recent years more concerns have arisen about CO2 emission due to global warming. Among available or proposed technologies, chemical looping combustion (CLC) is the most promising technology to combine fuel combustion and CO2 purification. It uses a solid oxygen carrier to transfer the oxygen from the air to fuel in a reducer and oxidizer. Thus, air is never mixed with the fuel, and the CO2 does not become diluted by the nitrogen of the flue gas. NOx formation can be largely eliminated. A number of metals have been discussed in the literature, such as oxides of Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn. Solid fuels such as coal and biomass have been ignored in CLC process due to technical problems, including the separation of oxygen carrier from fuel and ash, the possible interaction between the fuel ash and oxygen carriers and the combustion of unburned carbon particles in the oxidizer due to the circulation of solid fuel particles. The adaptation of the CLC to the combustion of solid fuels presents many challenges. In this paper, an innovative concept – application of a CFB combined with a moving bed on the chemical looping combustion of solid fuels is introduced.


this lateralization may result in a change in anisotropy, which was supported by our rat model. In that model a higher degree of lateralization was seen than observed in human chronic AF. However, it is difficult to extrapolate from the rat experiments to the human immunostaining results, for we cannot know how much of the protein positively staining for connexins resembles functional channels. In the rat model did we observe both lateralization and changes in anisotropy. However, we completely agree with van der Velden and colleagues that inhomogenicities in connexin distribution as described in their study in a goat model (3) should have a high impact on the biophysics of the tissue. In contrast to our findings in humans, they describe a decrease in Cx40, which from our point of view might either be due to species difference or to the fact that they investigated goat atria during the first 16 weeks of sustained pacing, while we investigated chronic AF of one-year duration in patients.


Background: Traditional dairy products are the main sources for probiotic bacteria. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the potentially probiotic Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional dairy products in Iran. Methods: Microbial population of each dairy product was enriched and screened for acid- and bile- resistant strains. The isolates were primarily characterized by conventional phenotypic and biochemical tests. The species were finally identified using restriction analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the four most common species was evaluated against seven gastrointestinal pathogens. Results: From a total of nine yogurt and cheese samples, 17 acid-resistant Lactobacillus strains were isolated (survival>50 in PBS buffer, pH 2.5 for 3 h). Eight of them also showed high tolerance to bile. Also, the superiority of molecular techniques over phenotypic tests for effective identification of species was observed. Biochemical tests were useful in combination with 16S-amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) technique to discriminate the isolates at species level. Conclusion: 16S-ARDRA in combination with biochemical tests is suggested as a potentially useful method for accurate identification of Lactobacillus species where the 16S-rDNA sequencing could not discriminate between two closely related species. Considering the acid and bile resistance capacity of isolated strains, traditional dairy products may be used as important sources of probiotic strains. © 2018, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.


The epigraph suggests a dichotomy that makes categorization simple – those who accept that Internet and new communication technologies present changes "in kind" which necessitate abandonment of "old" ways of thinking about law, politics, and society, and those who deny this new reality and seek to treat it merely as incremental change. Those in the latter group are not infrequently portrayed as luddites, unwilling and unable to accept that technology necessitates rethinking everything from the ground up. Through the exploration of the impact of emerging technologies on child pornography, I suggest that this dichotomy is more fictional than real; technological developments can facilitate both transformative and incremental change. Perhaps more importantly, I suggest that transformations brought about by technology need not compel us in every instance to abandon old ways of thinking. These transformations may actually reaffirm the significance of previously made commitments and values that have been under-recognized in examinations of the justification for existing laws. In so doing, these transformations offer us not only the opportunity to get clearer about our values and commitments, but to explore new justifications for "old" ways of thinking that did not previously exist, were ignored, or were once considered weak.It is a crime in Canada to participate in many facets of the child pornography industry, from possessing and knowingly accessing child pornography through to manufacturing and distributing it. Criminal prohibitions apply whether the material in question derives solely from the imagination, involving no "real" children in its production, or actually depicts "real" children. With certain limited exceptions, it is equally illegal to photograph the sexual abuse of a child, to write a story advocating sexual activity with an "imaginary" child, to photograph an adult posing as a child engaged in explicit sexual activity, and to draw pictures showing "imaginary" children in explicit sexual activity. Criminal restrictions on the latter examples relating solely to stories and depictions of imaginary children are characterized as "virtual child pornography" for the purposes of this paper.The Criminal Code (Code) provisions relating to child pornography have been the object of considerable academic, NGO, and judicial commentary and criticism, as well as political debate. Technological innovation, in particular the Internet, renewed and perhaps intensified the debate prompting calls for international action, legislative reform, and academic debate. Much of the debate focuses on technology's impact on the "scope" of the problem of child pornography and its increased accessibility. Possibly less attention has been paid to the potentially transformative aspects of these technologies and their impact on foundational issues, such as the justifications for regulating child pornography which bring into stark relief the significance of its broader collective harms.The "old" way for thinking about the justification for restrictions such as these was outlined in the Supreme Court of Canada's (SCC) landmark decision on the constitutionality of the provision as it stood in 1992 in Sharpe. The SCC referred in its reasons to the objectives of preventing harm to children, including allusions to their rights to dignity, privacy and bodily integrity. However, its analysis of harms was premised first and foremost on the risk of physical harm to individual children associated with the creation and consumption of both virtual and non-virtual child pornography.This paper urges further reflection on the understanding of the harms of child pornography identified by the SCC in an attempt to get clearer about the rights and interests at stake, while grappling with the impact of related technological advances. I argue that the impact of the Internet and related digital technologies is not simply incremental, but also transformative. Emerging technologies blur the line between conscience, expression and action in ways that cry out for an understanding of the harms of child pornography encompassing not just the extremely concerning physical harm to individual children, but also broader social harms to children's collective dignity and equality rights.Part I is an examination of the legal history leading to and connecting prior child pornography legislation with recently enacted amendments, including two key cases involving virtual child pornography in the offline context – Sharpe and Langer. Part II examines the harms analysis accepted by the SCC in Sharpe, assessing in particular its emphasis on individuated physical harm, which has subsequently been repeated in other cases. Part III explores the ways in which the Internet and related technological advances have presented incremental challenges to the enforcement and prosecution of child pornography laws. It then considers technologically-initiated transformative change that leads to an understanding of harms focusing not only upon physical harm to individual children, but also broader collective harms to children's equality.


In this paper, we examine the lateral dynamics emulation capabilities of an automotive vehicle equipped with four-wheel steering. We first demonstrate that the lateral dynamics of a wide range of vehicles can be emulated, either with little or with no modification on the test vehicle. Then we discuss a sliding mode controller for active front and rear wheel steering, in order to track some given yaw rate and side-slip angle. Analytically, it is shown that the proposed controller is robust to plant parameter variations by±10%, and is invariant to unmeasurable wind disturbance. The performance of the sliding mode controller is evaluated via computer simulations to verify its robustness to vehicle parameter variations and delay in the loop, and its insensitivity to wind disturbance. Finally, the emulation of a bus, a van, and two commercially available passenger vehicles is demonstrated in an advanced nonlinear simulator.


To realize the importance of the research work of Helena Rasiowa and Cecylia Rauszer in the area of algebraic methods in logics let us recall Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. In [3] he wrote "Things are like numbers". By this he meant that statements about complex things can be derived from statements about their simpler constituents by a process of combination analogous to arithmetic calculation on numbers. An algebraic calculation itself should be done by a machine. Thus he proposed: "It is unworthy of excellent [persons] to lose hours like slaves in the labor of calculation which could be safely relegated to anyone else if machines were used" [7]. Having this in mind, he invented a device known as the Leibniz wheel for automatic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Leibniz attached great significance to his vision of reducing human reasoning to algebraic calculation, saying: "Nobody else, I believe, noticed this, otherwise ... he would drop everything to focus on this subject, because a man cannot achieve anything greater" [5]. It turned out that applications of algebraic calculus and machines to problem solving is very difficult. Current approaches are based on applications of Boolean algebra (or their modifications). The strong influence of the Polish School of Logic is worth mentioning here, especially Jan Lukasiewicz, Alfred Tarski, Alfred Lindenbaum, Stanis law Leśniewski, Andrzej Mostowski, Helena Rasiowa, Roman Sikorski and others. Modern computer techniques make us aware of many further possibilities and challenges for the researchers of the fascinating idea of automation of reasoning.


The present invention relates to a process for preparing a particulate reversibly crosslinked polymeric material, comprising: a particulate water-soluble hydroxy-functional polymer is processed in a liquid phase to form the following reversible crosslinked polymeric particulate material, and relates to a method whereby the obtained granular reversible crosslinked polymeric material, comprising the liquid phase, - a solvent mixture, the solvent mixture hydroxy-functional polymer is insoluble, the solvent mixture containing an organic solvent and water; - of formula (I) tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride represented by wherein: U and V are independently selected from CH, N and P, X is selected from a single bond, a divalent saturated (C1-C10) hydrocarbon group, O, S, NR and PR, wherein R is selected from from hydrogen and (C1-C4) alkyl, n and m are independently selected from 0 and 1, and w is 1 or 2, with the proviso that if w is 1, Y is X, if w is 2, then Y is selected from H and (C1-C4) alkyl, Y is not between two keys in this case; and - optionally a catalyst.


Sweet sorghum is a great energy crop that shows the benefits to ecosystems, energy and economics,
being a valuable source of energy of the category 1st, 2nd and 3rd. bioethanol generation.
Purpose of the paper is to study the chemical composition of sweet sorghum stalks depleted in carbohydrates
with applications in obtaining ethanol.
It shows appreciable compositional values of free sugars, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
All these components can be easily made available as fermentable carbohydrates leading to the production of
products with high economic value (bioethanol).


A variety of genodermatoses with multiple cutaneous tumours and germline genetic alterations, such as PTCH1 mutations, have been described. Other cutaneous syndromes have been associated with somatic gene mutations, such as FGFR3 in familial seborrhoeic keratosis.


A method based on inverse dynamics modeling for the subject specific in vivo evaluation of muscle activity in one subject during the execution of chair rising is being described in this article. Th...


The continuous technological development in systems and telecommunications joined to the globalization has generated that States and both public- and private-sector organizations rely, more and more, on the global network and the information and communication technologies (IT, c), vital tools to the development of the managerial, financial, logistical and commercial activities. However, this technological dependence together with the interconnectivity required by globalization and the internationalization makes organizations susceptible to threats against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.

Throughout the development of this research, elements that make up the concept of cyber-security are analyzed as well as expert consultation to determine which type of methodology would be used in small companies to manage the risk associated with information technologies and telecommunications, and finally, it identifies the organizational obstacles that might take place in the time to deploy the concept of cyber-security.


In recent work, robust PCA has been posed as a problem of recovering a low-rank matrix L and a sparse matrix S from their sum, M := L + S and a provably exact convex optimization solution called PCP has been proposed. Suppose that we have a partial estimate of the column subspace of the low rank matrix L. Can we use this information to improve the PCP solution, i.e. allow recovery under weaker assumptions? We propose here a simple modification of the PCP idea, called modified-PCP, that allows us to use this knowledge. We derive its correctness result which shows that modified-PCP indeed requires significantly weaker incoherence assumptions than PCP, when the available subspace knowledge is accurate. Extensive simulations are also used to illustrate this. Finally, we explain how this problem naturally occurs in many applications involving time series data, e.g. in separating a video sequence into foreground and background layers, in which the subspace spanned by the background images is not fixed but changes over time and the changes are gradual. A corollary for this case is also given.


A description of some of the research and development activities at the Library of Congress to expand the capabilities of the MARC System. Gives details of the MARC processing format used by the Library and then describes programming work in three areas: 1) automatic tagging of data elements by format recognition programs; 2) file analysis by a statistical program called GENESIS; and 3) information retrieval using the MARC Retriever.


PURPOSE: A lighting device for burying and fixing an led lamp in and to a ceiling is provided to move a fixing member by rotating a rotation screw, thereby preventing a ceiling from being damaged. CONSTITUTION: At least a part of a lighting device body(100) is buried in an opening of a ceiling. A moving unit includes a rotation screw(210), a body coupling unit(220), and a screw coupling unit. The rotation screw is expanded along with the direction vertical to the lighting device body. The body coupling unit is coupled with the lighting device body by the rotation screw. A screw fixing unit fixes the rotation screw. A fixing member fixes the lighting device body to a ceiling. The fixing member is vertically moved by the rotation of the rotation screw.


We propose nano-scale split ring structures and fishnet structures on thin film solar cells to increase absorption near the band edge of Si by 9× and 27× respectively. These structures originate in the metamaterials literature and in the context of Si solar cells; we refer to them as 'metastructures'. This nomenclature is adopted since we are only using a single layer distribution of such structures or geometries. The structures are highly tunable and can be designed to obtain enhanced absorption at multiple wavelengths. The results are obtained using full wave simulation for both 500nm and 2 µm thick solar cells with and without back electrodes. In addition the total power absorbed by the cell is computed using Poynting's theorem and the intensity of the electric field is studied of various wavelengths as a function of depth. These computations are obtained from numerically simulated field values on a surface just below the metastructures. The maximum photocurrent that can be generated at various wavelengths in the visible spectrum will be calculated and the photocurrent enhancement produced by the nanoplasmonic split ring and fishnet structures will be evaluated. The results for the split rings and fishnet structures are compared with light trapping produced by nano sized spheres, hemispheres and flakes that have been reported in the literature. We conclude that fishnet and split ring structures and other designs based on metamaterial concepts are better suited for the development of high efficiency thin film solar cells.


Our research was developed in one of the classes of the online course, as a result of a partnership between the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the Open University of Portugal (UAb) and the Paulista State University (UNESP), for the training of 1500 students. This study presents the experience of one of the authors in the training course of digital pedagogical mediators for distance education, emphasizing the importance of interaction and collaborative work in the construction of knowledge. Engestrom's (1994) concept of expansive learning and SCHLUNZEN's (2015) Constructive, Contextualized, and Meaningful (CCS) approach form the basis of this study. A qualitative methodological approach was adopted through content analysis by Bardin (2009), from which observations are made on the nature of interaction in proposed activities in the virtual learning environment (VLE) and in a group using the WhatsApp application. We can affirm that communication processes were fundamental to form the mediator teacher, an essential condition for promoting interaction and collaborative work.

Keywords: Collaboration. Interaction. Training of Pedagogical Mediators. Distance education.


Aims: The present study refers to developing an artificial neural network (ANN) that can be designed exclusively for ex ante forecasting in technoeconomic contexts using an ensemble set of sparse and insufficient sampled-data availed ex post. Study Design: In general, the samples in a data set of technoeconomic structures would largely be limited in number due to sparse-sampling; also, availability of number of such sets is mostly inadequate for robust training of an ANN so as to obtain realistic inferences subsequently in the prediction phase. Hence, a sparsity-recovery strategy is advocated via a cardinality enhancement procedure (through Nyquist sampling) performed on the sparse data set in order to augment the number of samples in its sampled-data space. Further, the concept of statistical bootstrapping technique of resampling is invoked and applied on the cardinality-improved subset so as to obtain an enhanced number of data sets. This ensemble of data set is then adopted to facilitate robust training of the test Original Research Article British Journal of Economics, Management & Trade, 4(2): 228-263, 2014 229 ANN. Place and Duration of Study: The studies were conducted (2012-2013) at: Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, College of Engineering & Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA. Methodology: The study governs technoeconomic ex ante projections pertinent to a wind-power generation business complex elucidated via ANN-based forecasting. Relevant test ANN is designed to accommodate training with an ensemble of sampled set available ex post but, in limited numbers. The associated scarcity is recovered by artificially enhancing the data space to an adequate extent via Nyquist sampling and bootstrapping techniques. Further, the test ANN designed corresponds to a multilayer perceptron (MLP) supporting backpropagation of the perceived error at the output with respect to a supervisory value. It accommodates the bootstrapped data space at its input relevant to technoeconomic details on a practical wind-power system performance reported in the literature. The training and prediction exercises on the test ANN corresponds to optimally elucidating output predictions in the context of the technoeconomics framework of the power generation considered. Results: Using the test ANN trained with bootstrap-enhanced, scarcity-recovered sparse data on wind-power generation statistics and associated plant economics, reliable inference (in the prediction phase) is achieved on the system performance. That is, the ANN output obtained depicts forecast projections on the productivity of electric power generation in the ex ante regime. Simulation studies thereof and results obtained demonstrate the efficacy of the method proposed, bootstrapping algorithm developed and the use of MLP in the technoeconomic contexts.


Abstract Let T be a measure-preserving transformation of the Lebesgue probability space (X, F, μ). We call (X, Fμ, T) a dynamical system. Bourgain has proven the following theorem.


Drawing from equity and social comparison theory, this study extends previous work on the effects of managerial biases on CEOi?½s decision making. Focusing on CEO's motivation to reduce the dissonance caused by pay inequity, we examine how CEO under- and over-payment affect the size of premiums paid for acquisitions. In a sample of 710 acquisitions, we find that underpaid CEOs tend to pay higher acquisition premium while overpaid CEOs pay lower acquisition premiums. Moreover, we show that firm recent performance influences CEO risk-taking behaviors by affecting the cognitive process of perceiving the pay inequity. Specifically, the relationship between under(over) payment of the CEO and premiums is strengthened when recent firm performance negatively deviates from the industry. Our empirical results highlight the importance of pay inequity perceived by top decision makers in explaining corporate outcomes. The implications for future research are discussed.


PURPOSE
High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy has become a popular treatment modality for prostate cancer. Conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate HDR brachytherapy could benefit significantly from MR-targeted, TRUS-guided procedure where the tumor locations, acquired from the multiparametric MRI, are incorporated into the treatment planning. In order to enable this integration, we have developed a MR-TRUS registration with a patient-specific biomechanical elasticity prior.

METHODS
The proposed method used a biomechanical elasticity prior to guide the prostate volumetric B-spline deformation in the MRI and TRUS registration. The patient-specific biomechanical elasticity prior was generated using ultrasound elastography, where two 3D TRUS prostate images were acquired under different probe-induced pressures during the HDR procedure, which takes 2-4 minutes. These two 3D TRUS images were used to calculate the local displacement (elasticity map) of two prostate volumes. The B-spline transformation was calculated by minimizing the Euclidean distance between the normalized attribute vectors of the prostate surface landmarks on the MR and TRUS. This technique was evaluated through two studies: a prostate-phantom study and a pilot study with 5 patients undergoing prostate HDR treatment. The accuracy of our approach was assessed through the locations of several landmarks in the post-registration and TRUS images; our registration results were compared with the surface-based method.

RESULTS
For the phantom study, the mean landmark displacement of the proposed method was 1.29±0.11 mm. For the 5 patients, the mean landmark displacement of the surface-based method was 3.25±0.51 mm; our method, 1.71±0.25 mm. Therefore, our proposed method of prostate registration outperformed the surfaced-based registration significantly.

CONCLUSION
We have developed a novel MR-TRUS prostate registration approach based on patient-specific biomechanical elasticity prior. Successful integration of multi-parametric MR and TRUS prostate images provides a prostate-cancer map for treatment planning, enables accurate dose planning and delivery, and potentially enhances prostate HDR treatment outcome.


Solid dispersion (SD) is the effective approach to improve the dissolution rate and bioavailability of class II drugs with low water solubility and high tissue permeability in the Biopharmaceutics Classification System. This study investigated the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecular weight in carrier material PEG palmitate on the properties of andrographolide (AG)-SD. We prepared SDs containing the poorly water-soluble drug AG by the freeze-drying method. The SDs were manufactured from two different polymers, PEG4000 palmitate and PEG8000 palmitate. The physicochemical properties of the AG-SDs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dissolution testing, and so on. We found that AG-PEG4000 palmitate-SD and AG-PEG8000 palmitate-SD were similar in the surface morphology, specific surface area, and pore volume. Compared with the AG-PEG4000 palmitate-SD, the intermolecular interaction between PEG8000 palmitate and AG was stronger, and the thermal stability of AG-PEG8000 palmitate-SD was better. In the meanwhile, the AG relative crystallinity was lower and the AG dissolution rate was faster in AG-PEG8000 palmitate-SD. The results demonstrate that the increasing PEG molecular weight in the PEG palmitate can improve the compatibility between the poorly water-soluble drug and carrier material, which is beneficial to improve the SD thermal stability and increases the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug in the SD.


. A specialization semilattice is a join semilattice together with a coarser preorder ⊑ satisfying an appropriate compatibility condition. If X is a topological space, then ( P ( X ) , ∪ , ⊑ ) is a specialization semilattice, where x ⊑ y if x ⊆ Ky , for x, y ⊆ X , and K is closure. Specialization semilattices and posets appear as auxiliary structures in many disparate scientific fields, even unrelated to topology. For short, the notion is useful since it allows us to consider a relation of "being generated by" with no need to require the existence of an actual "closure" or " hull", which is problematic in certain contexts. In a former work we showed that every specialization semilattice can be embedded into the specialization semilattice associated to a topological space as above. Here we describe the universal embedding of a specialization semilattice into an additive closure semilattice. We notice that a categorical argument guarantees the existence of universal embeddings in many parallel situations.


Lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries are well known as an efficient energy storage solution for plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). However, performance and state of health of these batteries strictly depends on the usage scenario including operating temperature, power demand profile, and control strategy imposed by the battery management system. Also, in PHEVs equipped with electric climate control systems, climate control loads are imposed as additional loads on the battery, which results in a reduced all‐electric range (AER) and increased battery capacity degradation. In this paper, vehicle AER, and fuel economy and life degradation of an aftermarket LiFePO4 Li‐ion battery cell are studied for a PHEV under several usage scenarios. Each scenario consists of a series and parallel PHEV powertrain layout developed in Autonomie software, climate condition, that is, hot and cold weather, and a daily driving and charging profile. For simulations, models of battery performance, heat generation, and degradation developed based on experimental results are integrated with a thermal vehicle cabin model. Impact of climate control loads and battery thermal preconditioning are incorporated in the simulations. It is observed that climate control loads significantly affect the AER (up to 20%), fuel economy (up to 65%), and battery degradation (up to 25%). On the other hand, thermal preconditioning could be used to reduce these impacts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Dumpsites and garbage collection areas can act as reservoirs of highly resistant bacterial strains and facilitate the dissemination of Multidrug resistant strains to those living and work on or near the dumpsites and garbage collection areas. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of garbage collection areas and dumpsites in different parts of Nairobi as possible sources of resistant strains using E. coli and Klebsiella as indicator species. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. Sample collection was carried out at different days in seventeen different areas. A total of 126 samples were collected during the sampling period. The samples were then transported to the laboratory for analysis. The samples were cultured on MacConkey agar. Gram staining was done on discrete isolates based on colony characteristics. Biochemical tests were performed on colonies from primary cultures for final identification of the isolates. Antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests and pathogenicity tests were also carried out on the indicator isolates. A total of 121 E. coli and 165 Klebsiella were isolated from all the sampled sites. The highest bacterial burden was recorded from Muthurwa estate dumpsite, with a mean viable count of 8.2 × 1010 cfu/gm while the least was from Dandora dumpsite with a mean count of 1.1 × 1011 cfu/gm. Overall, gentamicin was the most effective antibacterial agent on Klebsiella and meropenem was the most effective on both E. coli and Klebsiella strains. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. It is concluded that municipal waste dumpsites and garbage collection areas bear heavy burdens of potentially resistant bacteria which may constitute major public health hazards, not only to the immediate communities but also to the families of such site workers.


As common structure of underwater vehicle, the accurate prediction of underwater vibration and acoustic radiation of double cylindrical shell is always a difficult problem in the research of vibration and noise. Establish finite element model of double cylindrical shell in Abaqus software. Based on the three-dimensional sono-elasticity theory of ships, analysis vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of underwater double cylindrical shell by the use of Thafts-acoustic software, and compared with experimental result. Results show that error of prediction result and experiment result at single frequency point is about 10 %~20 %, and error of total level of acceleration and sound pressure is less than 5 dB. It is accurate to predict the underwater vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of double cylindrical shell with three-dimensional sono-elasticity theory of ships, which can provide new effective guidance for the engineering application.


Triflupromazine (I) [146-54-3] was detd. in pharmaceuticals by treatment with 0.01% KIO3 and measurement of the absorbance of the resulting orange-red soln. at 500 nm. The sensitivity and the stability of the orange soln. depended on the nature and strength of the acid medium. The sensitivity in the 3 acid media used was in the order HCl > H2SO4 > H3PO4. Beer's law held for 2-57 ppm I. Normal excipients and diluents used in the prepn. of tablets, injections, etc., did not interfere. [on SciFinder(R)]


Several diesel-generator sets usually operate on parallel connection in ship power system, which has altitudinal nonlinearity. When operating point of system changes, its dynamic property will change markedly. The oscillation phenomenon of ship power system which is acyclic, random and gusty or paroxysmal will occur on light load working condition, it can result in system sectionalizing when it is serious, this phenomenon is called chaos. Chaos is a very complicated phenomenon which is generated by the interaction of each parameter in the nonlinear system. When it appears in ship power system, following the continuous and random oscillation of system operating parameter, which endangers operation security of system seriously, it must be prevented and eliminated effectively in the system. In order to analyze the chaos phenomenon of ship power system, the nonlinear mathematical model of two diesel-generator sets on parallel connection is built in this paper, which reflects the variation law of ship power system. Then the light load working condition of two dieselgenerator sets on parallel connection in ship power station is analyzed by using Lyapunov index method on the base of this, seeking the generating mechanism of chaos. A nonlinear robust synthetic controller is designed which is based on the nonlinear mathematical model of diesel-generator set, then a nonlinear robust synthetic control law is developed for the diesel-generator set, it will be applied to control the chaos phenomena, thus providing desirable stability for ship power system.


Abstract The Moore egg collector (MEC) was developed for quantitative and nondestructive capture of semibuoyant fish eggs. Previous studies have indicated that capture efficiency of the MEC was low and the use of one device did not adequately represent the spatial distribution within the water column of egg surrogates (gellan beads) of pelagic broadcast-spawning cyprinids. The objective of this study was to assess whether use of multiple MECs showed differences in spatial and temporal distribution of bead catches. Capture efficiency of three MECs was tested at four 500-m sites on the South Canadian River, a Great Plains river in Oklahoma. For each trial, approximately 100,000 beads were released and mean capture efficiency was 0.47–2.16%. Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests indicated the spatial distributions of bead catches were different among multiple MECs at three of four sites. Temporal variability in timing of peak catches of gellan beads was also evident between MECs. We concluded that the use of multiple MEC...


Submitted for the DAMOP12 Meeting of The American Physical Society Proposal for unfolding single biomolecules in an ion trap1 ERIK STREED, Griffith University, Australia — The functionality of biological molecules such as nucleic acids, proteins, and carbohydrates are driven by both their chemical composition and conformation. Ion trap mass spectrometry of large biomolecules is a well-established technique for primary sequence determination (composition) and is finding increasing use in investigating higher-order structure (conformation). Confining single isolated biomolecules in a ion trap provides a uniquely adaptable environment in which to investigate higher-order structure through manipulation of the surrounding solvent cage, temperature, and net charge at the single quantum level. We propose continuously observing these conformational changes in-trap though optical fluorescence techniques developed for in-vitro and in-vivo studies including Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) and super-resolution microscopy. 1Griffith University Erik Streed Griffith University, Australia Date submitted: 26 Jan 2012 Electronic form version 1.4


Along with the emergence of complex VLSI technologies such as multiple processor systems on chips (MPSOC), several challenges exist including increased defects, power consumption, and thermal effects. This paper focuses on how to mitigate thermal effects using a temperature sensitive thermal sensor. The here is to design a thermal sensor which is highly sensitive to the temperature. Such an on-chip sensor could be used to drive a management system for regulating on-chip temperature. The particular thermal sensor presented in this paper is built around a dual-MOSFET equivalent resistor. As is shown in this work, this thermal sensor provides improved temperature sensitivity when compared to alternatives.


Objective To study the cancer-fighting activity in vitro and toxicity of Aikangning Capsules.Methods The cancer-fighting activity were observed by agar plate method and the toxcity by acute maximal tolerance dose toxicity testing.Results Studies in vitro found Aikangning could produce obvious cytotoxicity on BEL-7402 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell,MGC-80-3 human gastric adenocarinoma cell and Eca109 human esophageal carcinoma cell.LD50 of Aikangning on mice for intraperitoneal administration was 39.8±4.5g/kg.The acute maximal tolerance dose toxicity testing found that Aikangning (600mg/kg·d po ×7) didn't show obvious toxicity on mice.Conclusion Aikangning Capsules could produce obvious cancer-fighting effects by killing cancerous cell directly,showing less toxicity.


Luminescent hydrogels are of immense importance for various applications; however, they often are severely damaged during long-term storage and transportation, which have been the major barriers im...


High-resolution molecular and cellular imaging is one of the most promising applications of nanoparticles, and a number of nanostructured materials, especially of cadmium-containing II–VI semiconductors, have been developed to suit this purpose. Recently, it was demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles can be utilized as excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes for noninvasive in vivo monitoring of molecular and cellular events. We recognized the presence of a number of biocompatible polymers suitable for targeted drug delivery and came upon an idea to combine the magnetic nanocrystals as ultrasensitive MR contrast agents, anticancer drugs as chemotherapeutic agents, and biodegradable amphiphilic block copolymers as stabilizers into a multifunctional hybrid nanosystem. The prepared multifunctional magneto-polymeric nanohybrids (MMPNs) further modified by antibodies would seek cancerous parts and allow simultaneous MR imaging and treatment (Scheme 1). Herein, we report a novel protocol for the preparation of MMPNs and characterization to evaluate the sensitivity and stability of prepared nanohybrids. Furthermore, targeted detection ability by MRI and synergistic tumoricidal efficacy on breast cancer cells were investigated for cellular and animal models. Monodispersed magnetic nanocrystals, soluble in organic solvents, were synthesized as reported (Figure 1a,b). To obtain the required water solubility, the hydrophobic nanocrystals and anticancer drug (doxorubicin, DOX) were simultaneously encapsulated with the amphiphilic block copolymer by a nanoemulsion method to give MMPNs. The structures of MMPNs examined by TEM are shown in Figure 1c,d, and the sizes of the MMPNs are consistent with the results from laser scattering: 69.7 8.7 nm (MnFe2O4) and 72.8 9.3 nm (Fe3O4), respectively (see the Supporting Scheme 1. Schematic illustration for the fabrication of MMPNs.


A complete speech model can improve performance for many speech applications. Probabilistic Acoustic Tube (PAT) is a probabilistic generative model of speech that has been shown potentially useful in a number of speech processing tasks. A point missing in previous PAT models is that they overlook AM/FM effect in voiced speech, which is in fact common and non-negligible. In this paper, we significantly improve the voiced modeling of PAT with a probabilistic model of AM/FM effect, which is developed from Bayesian Spectrum Estimation method. Experiments show that the new PAT is able to fit the voiced speech spectrum with greater accuracy in the presence of AM/FM effect.


Research and education can be distinctly separate activities in institutions, where academics try to divide their time between the two roles. Many research initiatives necessitate large-scale funding to be completed. In response, this paper presents an alternate strategy in which educational design initiatives can promote academic research activities. The study looks at how a design-led entrepreneurial approach combines research and education to create marketable solutions. A literature review was undertaken to understand the disconnect between academic pedagogy, postgraduate, design-driven research and design entrepreneurship. An undergraduate Product Design degree course was also examined to understand the means through which innovative solutions are incubated. We then applied our findings to progress a final year project through master's level with a commercial focus to determine the viability of our approach. This study presents findings and lessons learned from a paradigm built inside a research cluster, in which viable design proposals are incubated as undergraduate final year projects (FYP) and then selected for postgraduate development with the goal of commercialization. A variety of difficulties and possibilities, as well as lessons learned, were recognized, including choosing the right topic to develop, forming partnerships with different disciplines, intellectual property, money, expertise, and resources. By bringing together the often-separate entities of research and education, this paper shows how research and educational activities are not mutually exclusive but can be combined to provide rich educational experiences along with meaningful research outputs.


Purpose: To describe patient characteristics and predictors for vestibular therapy referral among concussion patients with vestibular and ocular motor dysfunction. Methods: Medical records from 1083 patients (12-50 yrs) seeking care for concussion within 30 days of injury were extracted. Demographics and clinical outcomes (symptoms, vestibular/oculomotor change scores, and state anxiety) were described and associations between referral and these variables were explored with chi-square analyses and a logistic regression. Results: Twenty-one percent (229/1083, Mage = 22.34, SD = 10.26 yrs, 64% female) of patients received vestibular therapy referral. The most frequent risk factors included symptom burden (94%), vestibular/ocular motor symptom provocation (88%), convergence insufficiency (73%), state anxiety (66%), and post-traumatic migraine (PTM) (52%). The LR (χ2(13, 1083) = 142.24, p < 0.001) revealed vestibular/ocular motor provocation (adjusted OR = 3.88, p < 0.001) showed the greatest likelihood for referral followed by symptom burden (adjusted OR = 2.78, p < 0.001), convergence insufficiency (adjusted OR = 2.77, p < 0.001), first clinical visit longer than one week (adjusted OR = 1.90, p < 0.001), and on-field dizziness (adjusted OR = 1.51, p = 0.03). Conclusions: Approximately 25% of concussed patients receive vestibular therapy. These patients have more vestibular/ocular motor impairment, dizziness, and overall symptom burden.


In the period of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan,raw coal to be cleaned was speedily increased and cleaning technology and equipment were speedily developed,but problems did exist as relatively low ratio of raw coal to be cleaned,inbalanced development of cleaning technology and management;in pace with the increase of coal production and consumption in large extent and more and more pressure from environmental requirement,in the period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan,target should be the construction of large-scale modernized coal preparation plants with high quality and high efficiency,structure of coal products be optimized,so to promote changing the mode of growth in Chinese coal economy.


For a long time, scholar thinks Confucianism culture is Chinese culture's main rank. This view does not comply with the historical fact. Actually, Taoism culture is just as important as Confucianism culture in traditional culture of China. It is faulty to think that Taoism culture only function negatively to traditional science thought. Taoism culture has not only good influence to traditional science idea but also enough influence upon modern society.


The Pinqassim of Carpentras under the Supervision of the Holy See. I. The Sefer ha-yahas (1736-1769) kept by Elie Cremieux. – This article retraces the singular route taken by two pinqassim of Carpentras, the Sefer ha-yahas [The Book of genealogy] and the Hazkarat ha-nefashot [The Memorial of the Souls], 18th century Hebrew manuscripts which serve, amongst other things as old parish registers and portions of which can be found both in The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People (CAHJP) in Jerusalem and The YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York (YIVO).The article describes the context in which these registers were written, while providing information about its scribe who kept them, Elie Cremieux. It then attempts to describe the initial structure of the Sefer ha-yahas, suggesting a typology of the diverse entries that it contains.These are, for the most part, entries recording births, circumcisions and marriages of the Carpentras Jews. At regular intervals amongst these entries, one finds a record of important events, such as those linked to the synagogue and religion or to the election of administrators and the passage of emissaries through the Holy Land.These original old Hebrew texts demonstrate the persistence, liveliness and special character of the Hebrew of the period and, at the same time, serve as link between the medieval and the modern, contemporary languages. The study of these texts opens up new perspectives and tells us more about a meridional community at a key moment in its history.


Performers of literature maintain that performance is a literary critical method, but the critical insights derived from a specific performance rarely get translated into critical discourse. This essay describes two narrative techniques revealed in a chamber theatre production of Grace Paley fiction in order to argue that chamber theatre, by forcing us to attend to particular types of narrative issues, functions as a critical methodology. By articulating insights explicated through performance, we substantiate our claim that performance functions as criticism and add to the body of performance theory.


The present invention relates to a device for displaying data using the after image effect in a mobile communication terminal, in the provided with the data and a display unit comprising a LCD for displaying the data, is set in accordance with an operation signal that is provided to the display LCD size the scaled according to the dividing the scaled data to a predetermined horizontal or vertical units, and display the divided data sequentially, so as to display repeatedly the data control provided by a display unit comprising a LCD wherein the operating signal a characterized in that it comprises. After image display, the mobile communication terminal, LCD, position sensing


Micro-surfacing is the primary means for preventive pavement maintenance,and with Guangxi Tanbai Expressway pavement rutting restoration project as the example,and combined with local traffic and weather conditions,this article introduced the gradation ratio design and application method of micro-surfacing mixtures,thereby providing the reference basis for the applications of local micro-surfa-cing process technology.


Primary hypercalciuria is a biochemical syndrome consisting
of an exaggerated urinary excretion of calcium without any
defined clinical cause. The figure of prevalence of hypercalci-uria in the population varies according to its definition and to some factors such as age, gender, race, and diet. Urinary ex- cretion of calcium is usually expressed in mg/24 hour with commonly accepted upper normal limits of 300 mg for men and 250 mg for women. The calcium/body weight ratio is an effective alternative to daily urinary output, with an upper limit of 4 mg/kg body weight/24 hour for both sexes. Finally hyper- calciuria can be defined by more than 0.15 mg calcium for mg of urinary creatinine in a 24-hour collection. Our previously unpublished data from a population study in- volving ealthy subjects from a village nearby Milan (Northern
Italy) showed a prevalence of hypercalciuria, greater than 300 mg/24 h in men and 250 mg/24 h in women, of 12.5% (12% in males and 14% in females). In the same population, consider- ing a 0.15 urinary calcium to creatinine ratio as the upper limit of normal, the prevalence of hypercalciuria was 34% (26% in males and 42% in females), whereas, when the 4 mg/kg/day limit was considered, the rate was 18% (16% in males and 20% in females). The mean daily urinary calcium and the mean cal- cium/creatinine ratio were significantly higher in males than in females. The daily calcium output rose over the first two decades and remained constant during adult life in both males and females until the last two decades when it was significant- ly reduced in both sexes. On the contrary the highest values of alcium/creatinine ratio were observed in the first decade.
The ratio felt over the second decade and it rose during the
third and fourth decades remaining relatively constant until
the last decades. There was no significant difference of the
mean calcium/body weight ratio between males and females.
The calcium/body weight ratio remained constant with age.
Urinary calcium excretion seems to be influenced by dietary
intakes of calcium, sodium, potassium, protein, and carbohy-
drates although this relationship was not confirmed in opula - tions with a low intake of nutrients


With the increasing energy consumption, it is urgent to find low cost, environmental protection and long-life energy storage equipment. With ultracapacitors, graphene material was attracted wide attention for their advantages about high specific capacitance, excellent rate performance and good electrical conductivity. The preparation methods, electrochemical properties and related mechanisms of graphene materials were summarized, with the purpose of studying the effects of different structures of graphene materials on the performance of supercapacitors, and to find graphene-based materials with excellent performance. Finally, the problems existing in graphene-complex electrode were analysed, and the future research focus was prospected.


The recently studied new variation of Einstein's metric nonsymmetric unified field theory of gravitation and electromagnetism is enlarged to include the Yang–Mills field theory. It is shown that the antisymmetric part of the metric tensor, now a 2 × 2 matrix, can be made to describe both a field obeying Maxwell's equations and a field obeying Yang–Mills's field equations in the flat space linear approximation, thereby making its identification with the sum of a generalized electromagnetic and isotopic field strength tensors a possibly consistent procedure. The theory is shown to be free of unphysical ghost-negative energy radiative modes even when expanded on a curved Riemannian background. The Einstein–Maxwell–Yang–Mills theory is contained in the first approximation of the field equations on a curved general relativity background.


Artery segmentation is often required for visualization and quantitative analysis of pulmonary diseases during surgical planning. By intravenous injection of contrast agents and carefully adjusting the trigger delay time, arteries or veins could be enhanced in computed tomography angiography (CTA). On the other hand, contrast between vessels and background is relatively low in non-contrast CT (NCCT), and it is difficult to distinguish arteries and veins. Additionally, manual or semi-automatic annotation of pulmonary vessels is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-supervised domain-adaptive pulmonary artery segmentation framework for NCCT by using annotated CTA and a limited number of annotated NCCT images as training samples. Specifically, an uncertainty-driven Bayesian convolutional neural network-based adaptation module is proposed to predict the uncertainty map to guide pulmonary artery segmentation in NCCT. To explicitly learn tubular structures in different domains (i.e., CTA and NCCT), we propose a shape-strengthening module (SSM), as a discriminator, to strengthen vessel shape and boundaries in both CTA and NCCT domains. Experiments show that the proposed method performs better than state-of-the-art methods for pulmonary artery segmentation on NCCT images.


This paper describes how transport professionals worldwide, particularly in Japan, India, Canada, Australia, USA, New Zealand and in the Far East, have been working together to update understanding of transport demand management (TDM) as a philosophy that underpins the approach to improving the sustainability of transport. A new paradigm in transport planning, which is internationally recognized as TDM, is emerging to embrace mobility management under its umbrella. The paper draws on good practice from across Europe and North America to demonstrate how, through proper understanding of TDM, professionals can be encouraged to work collaboratively towards the sustainable transport policy objective. Furthermore, the paper will explain how TDM unifies the work travel planners, public transport operators, and highway engineers alike to deliver more effective transport solutions. The fascinating results of benchmarking work using the Mobility Enhancement and Trip Reduction Index to aide Comparison (METRIC©) system will be summarized, which is being used internationally to benchmark comparative progress on TDM implementation (including mobility management). The output is report card that can be used by cities to identify opportunities for improvement and what to learn from whom. The paper concludes with the proposition that is needed to form a way to frame the benefits of TDM in terms of a future vision of sustainability that goes beyond the current short term political and operational requirements. The paper will argue that the assumption that 'mobility management' interventions help provide a 'foot-in-the-door' approach (that will lead individuals up a virtuous ladder of more far-reaching behavioral changes) is fraught with contradictions. Finally, the paper will signpost a growing professional literature that emphasizes the importance of appealing to intrinsic over extrinsic values in order to stimulate longer-lasting behavior change.


The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly being deployed in smart city applications such as vehicular networks. The presence of a large number of communicating vehicles greatly increases the number and types of possible anomalies in the network. These anomalies could range from faulty vehicular data being broadcast by the vehicles to more catastrophic attacks such as disruptive attacks and Denial of Service (DoS) attacks to name a few. This calls for a need to develop robust security schemes such as intrusion detection and anomaly detection schemes. With a humongous growth in the amount of vehicular traffic data expected, artificial intelligence (AI)-based detection strategies need to be developed to address this burgeoning demand. In this article, we propose three AI-based intrusion detection strategies for vehicular network applications, leading to an effective Ambient Intelligence based vehicular network paradigm. The detection tasks are run on local edge servers deployed at the network edge. By showing the prediction results on an experimental testbed emulating the edge servers, we show the feasibility of deploying the proposed strategies in the vehicular network scenario.


This study provides an overview of the condition and economic status of the environment after the political change in the early 1990s. Moreover, it gives information on the history of the nature and environment protection, as well as on the institutional structure regarding water quality protection and the change in the management and institutional structure with respect to the environment protection. The study also contains an organogram showing ministries that have changed since the 1990s. Furthermore, the organogram contains information on the structure and scope of activities of inspections and the power distribution among local and state authorities.


The stabilization of complex wastes from the chemical and the petroleum industries is becoming an ever-increas ing problem. Many of these wastes contain aromatic compounds which, until a few years ago, were thought to be toxic to biological treatment sys tems. Yet, in spite of pressure from these industries for economical waste disposal systems, biological treatment is still being regarded as the final al ternative after all physical and chemi cal treatment methods have been found uneconomical. The prime reason for the aversion of these industries to bio logical treatment of the wastes is the lack of information concerning the sta bility of the systems and the loads which can be applied safely. The most common aromatic com pound in industrial wastes is phenol. Because of the widespread use of phe nol as a disinfectant, it has become a common criterion to exclude, if at all possible, from biological treatment units any wastes containing phenol or related aromatic compounds. Review of the literature shows that it has not been possible to exclude all phenolic wastes from biological treatment sys tems. In 1929, Mohlman (1) reported that ammonia still wastes (phenolic) could be satisfactorily treated with do mestic sewage, provided the dilution was at least 1:19 by volume. At this same time, the Dow Chemical Com pany in Midland, Mich., was experi


In many firms, information system/technology represents a substantial investment and many IT managers find it difficult to justify the rising investments in IS/IT. Often they are under immense pressure to find a way to measure the contribution of the IS/IT investment to business performance, as well as to find reliable ways to ensure that the business benefits from the IS/IT investments are realised. Research shows, however, that a minority of organisations measure benefits and values created by successful IT projects. This paper contributes to providing insights into the benefits and value realisation of IT projects and investments. In the paper, we have studied 16 critical factors that contribute to improved benefits realisation. An empirical survey among IT professionals in Norway was conducted using Q-sort as the research method. The results from the data analysis show that defining the project purpose, benefits realisation plan, change management, qualified and experienced personnel, and top management support are the five most important key issues.


The development of waveguides is a key element in the technical maturity of the THz field. Suitably designed waveguides can provide innovative solutions for the most fundamental problems of THz energy transfer to the more advanced problems of THz spectroscopy. This presentation will give an overview of the chronological development of THz waveguides, starting from the initial time-domain experiments to the present state-of-the-art, highlighting breakthroughs. Experimental results obtained through waveguide characterization by THz time-domain spectroscopy will be presented and compared to well-known theoretical models, looking at issues related to energy coupling, attenuation, and dispersion, as well as single and multi-mode propagation.


A luminescent region was observed near the axis of a cylindrical duct confining a supersonic swirling air flow at ambient temperature. The luminescence was identified as a glow discharge induced by a strong internal electric field, which was produced by condensed water droplets impinging on the duct wall.


The utility model provides a tryrocricocentesis, incision training model relates to medical science teaching training technical field. This tryrocricocentesis, incision training model is including simulation trachea, first membrane on the simulation ring, simulation hypodermics and simulation skin, the simulation trachea is provided with the pipe of a through -hole for the lateral wall, first membrane on the simulation ring be the sleeve pipe that can be open by the scalpel, and the laminating is wrapped up and being in simulate the tracheal outside, simulation hypodermics be the sleeve pipe that can be open by the scalpel, and the laminating is wrapped up and being in the outside of first membrane on the simulation ring, simulation skin be the sleeve pipe that can be open by the scalpel, and the laminating is wrapped up and being in simulation hypodermics's the outside. The utility model discloses a tryrocricocentesis, incision training model, the functional structure is complete, the design is arranged properly, and the preparation material is simply easy, the cost of manufacture is very cheap. Be applicable to the skill training of tryrocricocentesis, otomy, be applicable to the limited basic hospital of teaching training funds especially and develop relevant skill training.


Abstract A new, relatively complete and well-preserved mandible and dentition of the mesonychian Ankalagon saurognathus from the early Paleocene (Torrejonian) of the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, provides evidence of sexual dimorphism in dentary depth and canine size in Mesonychidae. The new specimen has a particularly well-preserved postcanine dentition, and m1 and m2 differ little in morphology or size from those in the holotype. The p3–p4 and m3 in the new specimen are smaller in length and width than in the holotype, but the size differences fall within the intraspecific range of variation exhibited in extant carnivorans. The holotype differs from the new specimen in having a canine that is approximately 1.5 times greater in length and width, as well as a dentary that is substantially deeper and larger. It has been suggested that two other mesonychians, Hapalodectes and Dissacus, also exhibit sexual dimorphism but evidence for this remains equivocal. We discuss the phylogenetic and behavioral implications of this character.


Ingles: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor and cognitive aspects of language in subjects with Parkinson's disease. Four recordings of spontaneous conversations of two parkinsonians were accomplished, with interval of one year and eight months between them. Pauses were extracted from them and classified according to: (a) degree of duration; (b) position at the beginning or in the development of the subject's conversational turn; and (c) presence of silence, sound and combinations between silence and sound. We observed that pauses occurred in a higher number, had a greater duration and appeared with sound in parkinsonians when compared with two subjects with any kind of neurologiclesion. In addition pauses increased their duration and their noise in the same two parkinsonians one year and eight months later. This kind of occurrence of pauses was characteristic of beginning of conversational turns, especially those that supposed great cognitive elaboration. Based on these evidences, we suggest that motor difficulties are correlated to cognitive ones in verbal activity of parkinsonians. Key-words: Parkinson's disease; pause; conversation


A Contribution to the Ornithology of Rondônia, Southwest of the Brazilian Amazon. The avifauna of the Brazilian state of Rondônia is one of the least known and more impacted bird communities in the Amazon. Here we report the results of surveys in four different areas studied between 2001 and 2003, located on both banks of the Madeira River. A total of 458 species were recorded. This number represents about two‐thirds of total bird species expected for the whole state. New data are presented for some least known species such as Crypturellus aff. bartettli and Accipiter poliogaster. Rondônia has suffered huge deforestation rates and the existing reserves, especially the state‐run ones, are poorly protected and have been targeted by loggers and land‐grabbers. Conservation actions are urgently needed in this state. Key-WORdS: Avifauna; Inventories; Brazil; Rondônia; Amazônia. The avifauna of the Brazilian state of Rondônia is one of the least known and more impacted bird commu‐ nities in the Amazon basin (Stotz et al. 1997). After pav‐ ing of the BR 364 road and government‐led colonization projects in the 1980s, Rondônia experienced some of the largest deforestation rates in the Amazon. By 2003 the state had lost 29.2% of its forested area, including over 50% of all forests outside protected areas such as parks and Indigenous lands (Ferreira et al. 2003, 2005). Lack of concern for environmental laws has been the norm in Rondônia for the past decade and the process contin‐ ues to this day, despite huge amounts of money spent by big "development with conservation" projects such as the PLANAFLORO – Plano Agropecuário e Florestal de Rondônia (Pedlowski et al. 2005). The region between the Madeira and Tapajós rivers, including virtually all of Rondônia, is one of the main en‐ demic bird areas south of the Amazon (Cracraft, 1985), thus the long‐term survival of many unique taxa is jeop‐ ardized by continuous deforestation fueled by land‐hun‐ gry colonists, the expansion of cattle and soybean agro business. In addition to these factors is the mostly illegal and unsustainable timber exploitation that drives the re‐ gion's political‐economic system (Margulis, 2004). The bird fauna of what is now Rondônia was first studied by Johann Natterer, who collected birds along the Guaporé and Madeira rivers during the 19 century (Pelzeln 1868‐1870). In the upper Guaporé, Natterer col‐ lected two species restricted to that region, Tachyphonus nattereri and Picumnus fuscus, as well as taxa with uncer‐ tain status such as Tityra leucura (Whittaker, 2008). The specific status of the first is still unclear, as no further specimens seem to have been collected. P. fuscus is found only in várzea forests along the Guaporé. It also occurs in Mato Grosso, parts of Bolivia (Beni) and in neighboring Rondônia. Until recently the largest collection of birds from the state was the one assembled by Hoffmanns, who collect‐ ed along the Madeira and the lower Ji‐Paraná (Hellmayr, 1910), while the southern part of the state was visited by the Roosevelt‐Rondon expedition (Naumburg, 1930). In 1986 and 1988 a team from the Museu de Zoologia da Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia, 19(2), 200‐229 Junho de 2011 ARtiGO


The purpose of this research is to analyzed  the influence of business risk, company growth, institutional ownership on debt policy with profitability as moderating variable in manufacturing sector other industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2019. Population in this research is manufacturing  company sector other industry listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2015-2019. The sample was 14 manufacturing company sector other industry with some characteristics of sample selection using purposive sampling. During 5 year observation from 2015-2019 there were 70 company. The analysis technique used in this research Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with different value test. This Research use SPSS 23 software. The result of this study show that business risk can influence to debt policy. But company growth and institutional ownership have no significantly effect debt policy. Profitability can strengthen business risk, institutional ownership to debt policy. Profitability fail to moderate company growth to debt policy.


Preface and Acknowledgments ix Chapter 1 The Indelible Stamp 3 Chapter 2 Man the Hunter and Other Stories 15 Chapter 3 Ape Nature 52 Chapter 4 The View from the Pliocene 103 Chapter 5 The Hunting People 136 Chapter 6 The Ghost in the Gorilla 163 Chapter 7 Meat's Patriarchy 199 Notes 219 References 229 Index 247


This paper deals with an original simultaneous localization and map building paradigm (SLAM) based on the one hand on the use of an omnidirectional stereoscopic vision system and on the other hand on interval analysis formalism for the state estimation. The first part of our study is linked to the problem of building the sensorial model. The second part is devoted to the exploitation of this sensorial model to localize the robot with the help of the interval analysis. The third part introduces the problem of map updating and deals with the fusion or the integration of the sensorial model with an environment map (integrating all the previous primitive observations). We have tested our SLAM algorithm on several large and structured environments and some experimental results are presented.


The National Association for Stock Car Racing, Inc. (NASCAR) has a long history with its roots in distilled spirits. While NASCAR has a long association with beer sponsors, distilled spirits sponsors were unwelcome until 2004. Since then, a number of spirits brands have sponsored the NASCAR federation, driver teams and individual races. NASCAR requires its sponsoring spirits brands dedicate 20% of their budgets to promoting responsible alcohol use. However, how does NASCAR's corporate charitable foundation look when subjected to the same standard required of its spirits sponsors? The NASCAR Foundation's philanthropic giving relative to alcohol programmes is examined for the first two years of distilled spirits sponsorships. This research concludes that The NASCAR Foundation does not meet the standard it requires of its sponsoring partners.