Vector control is a serious concern in developing countries. Over the past two decades, phytochemicals have received progressively more attention as insecticide alternatives, and they have recently become the focus in the concept of integrated vector control. α‐Amyrin acetate, the n‐hexane fraction of acetone extract from the leaves of Catharanthus roseus, was evaluated for its larvicidal, pupicidal and fecundity effects as well as insect growth regulator activity against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi Liston. The highest concentration of 1 p.p.m. produced 100% mortality in first to second instars and 94% mortality in third and fourth instars. In addition, the duration of larval instars and the total developmental time were prolonged, while female longevity and fecundity were markedly decreased. The suppression of pupation and adult emergence was probably due to its action similar to juvenile hormone analogs in combination with growth regulator activity and toxicity, which reduced the overall performance of the malaria vector An. stephensi.


The invention provides a vessel pneumatic propulsion system which comprises an air inlet unit and an ejecting unit, wherein the air inlet unit is arranged on a vessel body and is used for guiding outside air into the vessel body after pressurizing and speeding up the outside air; the ejecting unit is arranged on the portion of the vessel body, which is under the water line, and the ejecting unit is used for ejecting the air which is guided into the vessel body towards the rear portion of a vessel to the water; and when the pressure of the air which is guided into the vessel body is larger than the pressure of water on the portion of the ejecting unit, the air which is guided into the vessel body is ejected out through the ejecting unit. According to the vessel pneumatic propulsion system, energy saving can be effectively achieved during a propulsion process of the vessel.


Methods systems approach the of graphical and factor analysis. Results Forecasting the rates of increment of the Russian cash flow of the regulator unveils restrictions in the increase of money supply, which are associated with the structure of the economy. The projected rates of increment of the Russian cash flow of creditors show heavy losses for unprofitable credit institutions and low risks of positive and negative expectations during the periods of growth and decline in profits for organizations. Conclusions Maintaining the free float of ruble enables the regulator to provide low rates of Russian cash flow increment. Adhering to the requirements of Basel III, the regulator limits the number of credit institutions thus strengthening the banking system and improving the stability of the Russian financial market. Rates of increment of the Russian cash flow of organizations are connected with continuous obsolescence of fixed assets and decline in labor productivity. They demonstrate minor positive changes over the long term, high amplitude sensitivity to financial risks that it is caused by a low margin of financial safety.


Abstract This paper presents the results obtained during studies on 80% RDX propellant systems based on thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) namely ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), triblock copolymers of styrene-butadiene/styrene-isoprene (Kraton), poly-urethane-ester-MDI (Estane) and copolymer of polybutylene terephthalate - polyether glycol (Hytrel) as binders, Dioctyl phthalate (DOP), triacetin (TA) and glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) were incorporated as plasticizers in the formulations. An attempt has been made to correlate structural features of TPEs with mechanical properties as well as glass transition temperature (Tg). Results obtained suggest that TPE-based RDX-propellants have the advantage of high insensitivity to impact and friction stimuli vis-à-vis nitrte ester based conventional propellants. EVA based propellents gave the best results in this regard. Ignition temperature for all the compositions was >200°C. EVA, Hytrel and Estane based formulations were found to be more energetic than Kraton based formulations. Incorporation of GAP resulted in the improvement in ballistics (Impetus and burn rates) as compared to DOP plasticised formulations. TA based compositions gave an intermediate value. Thermal decomposition pattern was determined by applying Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). An attempt has been made to explain the trends observed on the basis of the evidences generated during this study and theories proposed by other researchers.


Dedicated vertical axial loads on the soil from the wheels of a self-propelled seed drill, the area of the contact patch, the maximum contact pressure for the front and rear wheels and the density of the soil are determined by evaluations and experimental methods. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental indicators was: 1.4% and 2.0% for the rear and front wheels in vertical axial loads; 2.8% and 2.2% for the rear and front wheels by the contact area of the tires of the seeder with the soil and the maximum contact pressure; 6.2% – the maximum discrepancy on the values of soil density at a depth of 7.6 cm. Soil hardness was measured in three zones: before the seeder's passage and after each of its passage in a rut behind the front and rear wheels at six different depths, determined by the marks on the soil densimeter tester density. Graphics of dependencies of soil hardness on the depth of measurement were constructed.


In many crimes blood and semen stains play an important part in the conclusions that a forensic scientist will present in court as evidence. There is, however, an absence of data relating to the frequency of occurrence of blood and semen stains on clothing unrelated to crime. This was discussed by Tryhorn [1], who said: One need only consider the frequency with which evidence regarding blood and semen stains is produced in court, to realise the need for data relating to the relative frequency of occurrence of such stains on garments in no wise related to crimes; for example, on one hundred garments chosen at random from miscellaneous sources, how many would show blood stains, how many semen stains? Questions such as these must arise in court, and answers based on experimental investigation would prove of considerable value in assessing evidence of this type.


Ford is developing exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) control for its future engines in association with Mechadyne. Ford commissioned Mechadyne to develop an EGR control strategy that combines the speed of response of valve position control with the disturbance rejection of a MAF control strategy. This article describes the EGR strategy and the MATRIXX simulation tool which contributes to its implementation. To speed the development of the strategy, it was decided to develop an engine system model that represented all the engine's mechanical and thermodynamic features. As a full simulation would have taken a very long time, a simplified engine model was constructed, combining physical principles and carefully chosen data from a test engine. All the models were constructed using MATRIXX simulation software, developed by Integrated Systems, which enables complex systems to be simulated and documented in a user-friendly graphical environment. The function blocks used in MATRIXX are very flexible, and can be built in various ways. The simulation covered heat transfer, flow rates, volume behaviour, and gas temperatures and pressures, and modelled some other items. The work aims to give objective insights into several strategies for EGR control and provide the initial gain settings for a new advanced EGR controller.


In this paper, a multifunctional coding metasurface (MCMS) has been proposed to realize dual-circularly polarized beams and beam focusing with transmission and reflection. The phase of transmissive wave is controlled by rotating the elements, and the corresponding element, which consists of two quadrate voids etched on a single layer substrate, is designed for the metasurface with Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase. The phase distribution of the circularly polarized four-beam is determined according to the convolution theorem of patterns and the phase compensation principle. In order to validate the proposed metasurface, the multifunctional meta-device is fabricated and measured to illustrate the four-beam with left circular polarization in transmissive space and the right circularly polarized four-beam in reflective space by MCMS with x-polarized incidence. The experimental results heavily agree with the simulated data. The MCMS has potential applications in wireless communications due to its low profile, compact, and lightweight features.


Post-crisis reform was one of the most comprehensive and decisive reform that was implemented in Korea. This paper develops a model of reform dynamics. This paper subsequently uses this model to discuss the following arguments. First, while reform tends to achieve some nominal success in terms of making new laws and several quantifiable targets, it has not been able to achieve much success in really changing institutional conventions, habit and beliefs, such as enhancing transparency in the management or trust in labor relations. Second, it had mixed results as a result of the reform process involved tension between global standard and local specificity. Third, one source of the implementation difficulty in reform has to do with the institutional complementarities, and we need to take a proper sequence in reforms. One possible logical sequence seems to be moving from banking reform, corporate governance, labor relations, and finally to business restructuring. The paper concludes by tossing up a question of whether the Korean response (the reform blueprint) was right.


A study was conducted to evaluate the biological integrity of a constructed wetland receiving landfill leachate and stormwater runoff from the Burnside Industrial Park, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The biological integrity of the constructed wetland was tested in the second growing season using vegetative community monitoring. The metrics analyzed were species diversity, species heterogeneity (dominance) and exotic/invasive species abundance. There was no significant difference in the plant species diversity between the constructed wetland and the reference site. However, the constructed wetland supported a higher plant species richness than the reference site. The top three species in the constructed wetland were tweedy's rush (Juncus brevicaudatus), soft rush (Juncus effusus) and fowl mannagrass (Glyceria striata). In total, these three species occupied 46.4% of the sampled population. The top three species in the reference site were soft rush (Juncus effusus), sweetgale (Myrica gale) and woolgrass (Scirpus cyperinus). In total, these three species occupied a more reasonable 32.6% of the sampled population. The reference site supported greater biological integrity as it had greater heterogeneity and a smaller abundance of exotic and invasive species compared to the constructed wetland (3.8% versus 10.7%). Although poor heterogeneity and the presence of weedy, exotic species can be a sign of degraded biological health and future problems, these are also common indicators of a system simply undergoing early succession. As the constructed wetland matures, its plant biodiversity may actually decrease, but its integrity, as measured by exotic and invasive species abundance as well as heterogeneity, is expected to increase, so long as invasive species present in the constructed wetland remain controlled through weeding during the first few growing seasons.


We describe a type and effect system for ensuring deterministic semantics in a concurrent object-oriented language. Our system provides several new capabilities over previous work, including support for linear arrays (important in parallel update traver sals), flexible effect specifications and subtyping (important for, e. g., treebased algorithms), dynamic partitioning into subarrays (i mportant for divide-and-conquer algorithms), and a novel invocation effect for handling higher-level commutative operations such as set insert. We informally describe the key type system features, formally define a core subset of our system, and explain the steps leadi ng to the key soundness result, i.e., that the type and effect anno tations allow us to reason soundly about parallel noninterference between sections of code. Finally, we describe our experience with using the system to express realistic parallel algorithms, which val idates the importance of the new type system features.


The rapid Indonesian economic development in the last two decades has resulted in a large increase in mobility and the movement of goods. Unfortunately this rapid growth has also contributed to an increase in traffic accidents. The development of the road network has not been in proportion to the traffic growth and most design and road construction which has been implemented has given insufficient consideration to safety. Although human error is clearly the major contributory factor, the role of the road and vehicle condition may be underestimated. A scientific approach to accident investigation and accurate data is needed in order to determine how much the three factors (road and environment, vehicle, and human factors) contribute to accidents. Besides the problem of missing and incorrect data, an appropriate methodology for accident investigation also needs to be developed for Indonesian conditions. An Interim Manual of Accident Investigation Procedures and Development of Low Cost Engineering Improvement Schemes with 12 steps of accident investigation was produced by The Institute of Road Engineering (IRE) and The Transport Research Laboratory (TRL). The methodology has been trialled in three pilot project areas in Indonesia. Some countermeasures have been developed, but only a few have been implemented. It is planned that trial schemes will be evaluated to examine the effect of the approach on accidents and casualties. This paper describes the Indonesian experience in accident investigation and some of the key findings at selected sites. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD 895316.


A new technique to detect broken rotor bars, in large squirrelcage induction motors is presented. In order to avoid problems in industrial applications, the electromagnetic behavior of induction machines with rotor faults was examined, by using a mathematical model. Simulation results are presented from the model implemented in the Simulink-Matlab. Experimental results are presented in order to validate the proposed method.


In (Al Ga ) P/In Ga As single- and double-heterojunction pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (SH-PHEMT's and DH-PHEMT's) on GaAs grown by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) were demonstrated for the first time. SH-PHEMT's with a 1- m gate-length showed a peak extrinsic transconductance of 293 mS/mm and a full channel current density of 350 mA/mm. The corresponding values of and were 320 mS/mm and 550 mA/mm, respectively, for the DH-PHEMT's. A short-circuit current gain ( ) cutoff frequency of 21 GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency of 64 GHz were obtained from a 1 m DH device. The improved device performance is attributed to the large provided by the In (Al Ga ) P/In Ga As heterojunctions. These results demonstrated that In (Al Ga ) P/In Ga As PHEMT's are promising candidates for microwave power applications.


Online activity is currently reshaping the shopping experience. As the rise of online shopping  creates many new business opportunities and increases consumer choices, a host of new  questions and problems also arises. One big question, for example, is how can the average  consumer wade through the overwhelming mass of data to find products that best fit his or her  needs at the best price? To address this question many shopping sites use product ratings via  user reviews, and recommendation engines. Yet this leads us to another pertinent question:  how trustworthy are these ratings and recommendation systems? As described in our  SingularityNET market research (posted by Tim Richmond, June 21st at  https://blog.singularitynet.io/understanding-the-user-behavior-of-digital-marketplaces-355cc0f59 af5), these systems often create incentives for sellers to create fake reviews and ratings in order  to boost sales, including financial incentives to otherwise honest buyers to uprate or downrate  products. In this article, we build upon the results of our previous market research to provide  additional detailed analyses and improvements to our current reputation system to better handle  these scam campaigns.


Introduction : The establishment of a common language and the start up of the future clinical and social shared record has emerged as priorities in Health and Social (HS the number of H&S cases evaluated and the number of H&S care plans, among others. The expected outcomes seek to validate the tool between both health and social professionals, and to provide context to extend its use to all the Basque Country. It also aims to establish a common language, which promotes the interoperability between H&S systems and progress in the future clinical and social shared record.


A method for manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided to restrain the generation of attack against a wafer edge portion in spite of the introduction of CMP in a recessed gate process. A recessed pattern(23) is formed by etching selectively a predetermined region of a semiconductor substrate(21). A gate polysilicon layer is formed on the entire surface of the resultant structure until the recessed pattern is completely filled. The gate polysilicon layer is planarized by using CMP in a predetermined polishing pressure range of 2 to 3 Psi. A gate tungsten silicide layer and a gate hard mask are sequentially formed on the planarized gate polysilicon layer. A recessed gate is formed on the resultant structure by patterning selectively the gate hard mask, the gate tungsten silicide and the gate polysilicon layer.


Oriented to reform and creation,the document Outline to National Middle-and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan makes a further elaboration of the positions,roles,functions of the non-governmental higher education in the framework of the Non-governmental Education Promotion Act.It is one of the important tasks for the non-governmental higher education institutions to study and carry out the outline,which is the action guideline of the reform and development of non-governmental higher education.The outline emphasizes the principles of "support and regulation" for non-governmental higher education,and it enlarges the fields and increases the strength of supports and administration,highlighting the policy orientation of "doing two types of work at the same time and attaching equal importance to both".


INTRODUCTION : Physiotherapy, in the management of Achilles tendinopathy, uses physical resources of inflammation modulators and analgesics. As part of the physiotherapeutic treatment the literature has suggested the eccentric strengthening exercise with effective in the resolution of tendinopathies.. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to search for scientific evidence on the use of the eccentric strengthening exercise in the management of Achilles tendinopathy. METHODS: For the review composition, a search was made for studies in the Pubmed and PEDro virtual databases. The descriptors used were as follows: Eccentric, tendinopathy, Achilles Tendonitis. To compose the study the articles should obey the following eligibility criteria: articles published in English language, publication interval between 2013 to 2017, randomized clinical trials, with scores higher than 6 on the PEDro quality scale. RESULTS: A total of 87 articles were found, of which only 21 were related to the subject in question. Of the 21 articles 14 were excluded for the following reasons: 3 because they consist of case reports, 1 classified as a literature review, 1 was characterized as a clinical comment, 1 involved a study with an animal model, 1 was a research project, 5 was not Were classified with randomized clinical trials, 1 scored lower than 6 on the PEDro quality scale and 1 of them provided incomplete description of the results. CONCLUSION: Eccentric muscle strengthening is characterized as a therapeutic model of choice for the management of Achilles tendinopathy, the combination with other modalities potentiates its physiological effects.


This paper presented an optimal sizing technique for an off-grid hybrid system consisting of Small Hydro (SHP) system, Photovoltaic (PV) modules, Battery (BATT) banks and Diesel Generator (DG). The objective cost function (Annualized Cost System) and the Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) were minimized with application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to reduce the Cost of Energy (COE) generation. GA compared to other convectional optimization methods has the ability to attain global optimum easily. The decision variables are the number of small hydro turbines, NSHP, number of solar panels, NPV, number of battery banks, NBATT and the capacity of DG, PDG. The proposed method was applied to a typical rural village, Itapaji-Ekiti in Nigeria. The monthly average solar irradiance data were converted into hourly solar irradiance data for uniformity. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify the most important parameter influencing the optimized hybrid system. The optimal sizing result of the HPS is 954 kW of SHP, 290 kW of PV panels, 9500 sets of (600Ah) battery strings and 350 kW of DG. The optimal Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) is 0.0054 and the Renewable Fraction (RF) is 0.62, which is indeed a significant improvement on the environment and comparatively better than any other combinations in the system.


Swiss‐Webster mice were treated ip with 2‐sec‐butyl‐4,6‐dinitrophenol (dinoseb) at doses of 0–18.8 mg/kg/day on days 10, 11, and/or 12 of gestation. These treatments were preceded by 24‐ or 48‐hr food deprivation or by pretreatment with phenobarbital or 2‐diethylaminoethyl‐2,2‐dlphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF‐525A). Resorption rate and fetal body weight were determined and external, soft tissue, and skeletal examinations were made on fetuses removed by Caesarean section on the 19th day of gestation. SKF‐525A potentiated and phenobarbital inhibited resorptions and reductions in fetal body weight induced by dinoseb. Dinoseb‐induced external, soft tissue, and skeletal anomalies were increased by 24‐hr food deprivation and SKF‐525A pretreatment, while 48‐hr food deprivation had no effect. In general, the effect of phenobarbital was to protect against dinoseb teratogenicity. Disposition of [14C] dinoseb was also examined in adult female mice following each of the pretreatments. Food deprivation for 24 hr sl...


SL-260, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Amy L. Shober, provides information about the characteristics and classification of soils as found in the landscape under natural conditions. It is part of a series entitled Soils and Fertilizers for Master Gardeners. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, June 2008.


We describe measurements on trilayers and multilayers of YBa[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 7[minus][delta]] (YBCO) with intervening layers of Y[sub 1[minus][ital x]]Pr[sub [ital x]]Ba[sub 2]Cu[sub 3]O[sub 7[minus][delta]], with thicknesses [ital d] of YBCO down to that of a single unit cell. The zero-resistance transition temperature [ital T][sub [ital c][ital o]] decreases as [ital d] decreases, and increases as [ital x] decreases, and we show that a single unit-cell layer is still superconducting. We describe a transition from a bulk regime'' in the interior of the YBCO to a surface regime'' near the interfaces, and show that the [ital T][sub [ital c][ital o]] depression is correlated with a depressed conductance in the region adjacent to the interfaces. The results indicate that the changes are related to the presence of the interfaces, primarily to charge transfer between the layers, with only minor indications of a change in the intrinsic properties of the YBCO from the bulk down to the thickness of a single unit cell. The values of [ital T][sub [ital c][ital o]] in multilayers are consistent with those on trilayers, and so rule out any contributions from very long-range interactions, but they indicate the presence of interactions with length scales of several hundredmore » angstroms across the barrier layers.« less


The multi participant VR system can more enhance the sense of reality than existing single user VR systems. But, we should be careful when designing the system, since the current Internet using TCP/IP cannot afford to deliver such a massive amount of information required for the real time constraint of a VR system. We introduce distributed network structure and protocols for multiple user virtual space navigation and interaction through their avatars. This network structure is composed of heterogeneous multi servers, multiview clients and protocols. The multiview client can give proper information to the avatar when navigating the distributed virtual environment. And, for minimizing traffic on the network, we designed the VSTP-the Virtual Space Transfer Protocol to meet real time constraints. The avatars have nine behaviors and recognize the state of each other by using the pre-defined VSTP protocol.


This 11th edition of a textbook on the pathology of surgery follows 43 years after the appearance of the first edition. The authors do not follow the common American definition of surgical pathology, but examine and stress such aspects of surgical disease as physiology, biochemistry, and immunology. They pay less attention to morphology and morphological interpretation—aspects that tend to make up the bulk of similarly titled books on this side of the Atlantic. When we appreciate what this once classic work is trying to do, it is sad to find that information and depth of understanding of surgical disease has outrun the compass of the volume. I and several of my colleagues, surgeons, residents, and senior medical students have been forced to the conclusion that in a laudable attempt at brevity, superficiality has evolved. Material that might have led to a consistent depth of understanding is all too frequently omitted.


Capital flight is one of the fundamental problems of developing countries. Although, most of these countries need capital as the engine of economic growth – but due to the economic political bottlenecks, not only foreign investment in these countries is scanty, but also most of these countries encounter with capital flight problem. In economic literature, capital flight is considered as an abnormal phenomenon, so it is usually mentioned as an economic illness. This study aims to measure the amount of capital flight and its effect on macroeconomic variables such as growth, foreign debt, and inflation in Iran. Estimation results of VAR model and Johansen convergence test during 1979 to 2010 shows that, capital flight has a negative and significant effect on economic growth, while its effect on foreign debt and inflation is not significant.


Pb-Zn bearing dust was directly leached by sulfuric acid.The effects of H2 SO4 concentration,ratio of liquid to solid(L/S),leaching time and temperature on zinc leaching rate and rate of lead going into leaching residue were investigated.The results show that the zinc leaching rate is 93.55%and the rate of lead going into leaching residue is 92.01%under the optimum conditions including H2 SO4 concentration of 175g/L,L/S=6∶1,leaching duration of 60min and leaching temperature of 60℃.


Despite pessimistic comments from some quarters, positive developments are taking place in some markets. These might involve small steps in some cases, but they are being taken by managers who are not shackled to political pals in higher places.


Speaking and listening ground-rules of discussion four kinds of argument applied techniques of thought intellectual challenge kinds of question getting the climate right exploring moral issues avoiding excessive academic expectations whilst raising intellectual expectations graphic organisers of thought.


The authors made bamboo-fiber based composites with bamboo obtained from a factory. The composites had densities between 0.85 to 1.20 g/cm3 using cold-pressing and hot-pressing methods. The major mechanical and physical properties of these composites were tested. The results showed that both cold-pressing and hot-pressing methods produced composites with high physical and mechanical performance. The composites produced by cold-pressing had better water resistance than those produced by hot pressing. However, the composites produced by hot-pressing had higher bending and shear strengths.


An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an integral part of the consent process from regulatory bodies before embarking on major development projects. This study examines the application of project management tools and techniques to the implementation of the EIA processes. The method of research design adopted was ex-post facto technique with secondary data on activity duration of EIA obtained from the study background. Project Management tools and techniques; Gantt charts and Critical Path Method (CPM) were used for scheduling and displaying activity formation and network diagram, respectively. The network analysis via CPM identified and isolated critical path and activities that determine the entire project duration. Close monitoring and control are therefore to be exerted on the critical activities in order to forestall project time overrun. The Gantt chart was also applied to the EIA method selected and used as basis for comparison for the EIA on the solar installation project. The results of the study and analysis indicates that the application of Project Management Technology on EIA methods has simplified the deployment of EIA methodologies and reduced the rigorous time frame on carrying out EIA of solar installation projects for organizations or schools. The study therefore recommends the application of CPM on EIA prior to project implementation in order to fast track the entire process.


The research was aimed to study the influence of different planting spacing on the growth,development and the yield of tomato and to provide an important and scientific instruction for the tomato production."Jinpeng 11"tomato was used as the test material,and the morphological indexes,physiological indexes,fruit mass and yield indexes were measured under different planting spacing.The results showed that the plant height and stem diameter were remarkably influenced by the different planting spacing,and the highest value was obtained under planting space of 40cm.At the same time,with the increasing of planting spacing,the content of chlorophyll,the strength of photosynthesis and the single fruit mass were significantly increased,the yield increased firstly and then decreased,and the the highest yield of tomato was produced at planting space of 40cm,and the lowest yield was at 25cm.Based on the physiological,morphological and production indicators,and the highest yield of 40cm,which was 6 500kg/667m2,the optimal planting spacing of the tomato cultivar in the greenhouse was 40cm.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a novel use of known cyclic amino acids. This compound, gabapentin are useful in the treatment and / or prophylaxis of treatment and panic attacks anxiety. Partial N-terminal sequence of gabapentin binding protein has been determined to be identical to the N-terminal sequence of the mature alpha


Context. M dwarfs are key targets for high-resolution spectroscopy and model atmosphere analyses because of the high incidence of these stars in the solar neighbourhood and their importance as exoplanetary hosts. Several methodological challenges make such analyses difficult, leading to significant discrepancies in the published results.
Aims. The aim of our work is to compare M dwarf parameters derived by recent high-resolution near-infrared studies with each other and with fundamental stellar parameters. We also assess to what extent deviations from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) for iron and potassium influence the outcome of these studies.
Methods. We carry out line formation calculations based on a modern model atmosphere grid appropriate for M dwarfs along with a synthetic spectrum synthesis code that treats formation of atomic and molecular lines in cool-star atmospheres including departures from LTE. We use near-infrared spectra collected with the CRIRES instrument at the ESO VLT as reference observational data.
Results. We find that the effective temperatures obtained with spectroscopic techniques in different studies mostly agree to better than 100 K and are mostly consistent with the fundamental temperatures derived from interferometric radii and bolometric fluxes. At the same time, much worse agreement in the surface gravities and metallicities is evident. Significant discrepancies in the latter parameters appear when results of the studies based on the optical and near-infrared observations are intercompared. We demonstrate that non-LTE effects are negligible for Fe I in M-dwarf atmospheres but are important for K I, which has a number of strong lines in the near-infrared spectra of these stars. These effects, leading to potassium abundance and metallicity corrections on the order of 0.2 dex, may be responsible for some of the discrepancies in the published analyses. Differences in the temperature–pressure structures of the atmospheric models may be another factor contributing to the deviations between the spectroscopic studies, in particular at low metallicities and high effective temperatures.
Conclusions. High-resolution spectroscopic studies of M dwarfs are yet to reach the level of consistency and reproducibility typical of similar investigations of FGK stars. Attention should be given to details of the line formation physics as well as input atomic and molecular data. Collecting high-quality spectra with a wide wavelength coverage of M dwarfs with known fundamental parameters is an essential step in benchmarking spectroscopic parameter determination of low-mass stars.


We present results for calculating fusion cross-sections using a new micro- scopic approach based on a time-dependent density-constrained DFT calculations. The theory is implemented by using densities and other information obtained from TDDFT time-evolution of the nuclear system as a constraint on the density for DFT calculations. The investigation of internuclear potentials for heavy-ion collisions is of fundamental importance for the study of fusion reactions as well as for the formation of superheavy elements and nuclei far from stability. Recently, we have developed a new method to extract ion-ion interaction potentials directly from the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) time-evolution of the nuclear system (1). In the density-constrained TDHF (DC-TDHF) approach the TDHF time-evolution takes place with no restrictions. At certain times during the evolution the instantaneous density is used to perform a static Hartree-Fock minimization while holding the neutron and proton densities constrained to be the corresponding instantaneous TDHF densities. In essence, this provides us with the TDHF dynamical path in relation to the multi-dimensional static energy surface of the combined nuclear system. In this approach there is no need to introduce constraining operators which assume that the collective motion is confined to the constrained phase space. In short, we have a self-organizing system which selects its evolutionary path by itself following the microscopic dynamics. Some of the e ects naturally included in the DC-TDHF calculations are: neck formation, mass exchange, internal excitations, deformation e ects to all order, as well as the e ect of nuclear alignment for deformed systems. The DC-TDHF theory provides a comprehensive approach to calculating fusion barriers in the mean-field limit. The fusion cross-sections are subsequently calculated by integrating the Schrodinger equation using the incoming-wave boundary condition method (IWBC) as outlined in Ref. (2). The theory has been applied to calculate fusion cross-sections for a large number of systems (2-8). In this contribution we will outline the DC-TDHF method and give new examples of its application to the calculation of fusion cross-sections for several systems.


Mangrove and estuary ecosystem has highly biodiversity of benthic fauna. Crabs are the common benthic fauna found in this ecosystem. West Bali National Park is one area in Indonesia that has a good condition of mangrove and estuary ecosystem.The present study was done to provide data of the species composition of crabs in West Bali National Park. Sampling was undertaken on June 2009 in Teluk Gilimanuk, Teluk Terima and Teluk Banyuwedang. From a total 411 of crabs specimens, the highest species number was found in Teluk Terima.


Interferon is one of the internationally preferred drugs for anti-hepatitis virus treatment,but its side effects affect the clinical curative effect.Through reviewing the domestic study of traditional Chinese medicine intervention with the side effects of interferon for treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B in recent years,this paper will derive inspiration and provide ideas for further study.


The travel time models of automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS's) have been widely used in distribution and production environments. This paper extends previous work presented on impact design aspects of automated storage/retrieval systems by determining the expected cycle travel time for single command. Our new study improves the throughput performance rate of new AS/RS's design on cycle travel time that will be specified by estimating travel time for dual command to serve as storage and retrieval (S/R) machine using a parallel wire-based Stewart-Gough platform (parallel wire robot). This improved efficiency in new design is called Stewart-Gough Platform based Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems (SGP-AS/RS's). A numerical case study has been presented to clarify the travel time analysis based on mini unit-load storage and retrieval system. The improved throughput has been demonstrated by making a comparison between the conventional AS/RS results and the (SGP-AS/RS's) results in the numerical case study. The effectiveness and ability of (SGP-AS/RS's) has been proofed by determining the expected travel time for single command and dual command for random and classed-based analysis of storage assignment.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


We reconstructed a multiproxy record of the Holocene climate changes from a 9.53 m core from Bosten Lake in the southern Xinjiang of northwestern China based on a chronology supported by nine AMS 14C dates in the hope that the previous reconstructions can be improved. Our data exhibited three timescales of variation in the water salinity of the lake. First, the upward-increasing parallel trends of major salinity proxies suggest that the salinity has been gradually increasing in the past ~8000 years. This constant increase in the salinity is most likely to have resulted from the shrinking of glacial cover in the central Tianshan Mountains where the inflowing river (i.e. Kaidu River) originated. Second, the C/S ratio and carbonate-based salinity proxies suggest that the lake was formed around ~8060 cal. yr BP and reached its maximum depth around ~7250 cal yr BP. The lake level then declined to the mid- and late-Holocene average level around ~6370 cal. yr BP and has varied drastically around a relatively constant mean during the past ~6370 years. Third, the past ~8060 yr history of the Bosten Lake can be divided into five salinity stages. That is, three high salinity intervals are separated by two low salinity intervals. The two low salinity stages occurred between ~6370 and ~5170 cal. yr BP and between ~3000 and ~2170 cal. yr BP. Each one of the three high salinity stages can be further divided into less saline and more saline substages. Specifically, less saline time intervals are: substage 2-1 (~8060—~7250 cal. yr BP), substage 4-2 (~4370—~3830 cal. yr BP) and substage 6-2 (~1250—~0 cal. yr BP). Also, saltier time intervals are: substage 2-2 (~7250—~6370 cal. yr BP), substage 4-1 (~5170—~4370 cal. yr BP), substage 4-3 (~3830—~3000 cal. yr BP) and substage 6-1 (~2170—~1250 cal. yr BP). It should be stressed that the phase relationships between the carbonate-based salinity proxy and diatom-based temperature proxy suggest that the salinity was mainly controlled by temperature. Finally, the comparison between the Bosten Lake salinity record and the high northern latitudinal climate pattern suggests that the lower salinity and cooler periods in Bosten Lake area correspond with abrupt climatic events (i.e. cooling events) in the high northern latitudes.


Genomic DNAs Dunaliella salina was used as template to optimize the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) reaction system, and some essential factors which might take effects on the results of RAPD were investigated. The optimization of a 20#mu#l PCR system was coupled with the random primer CPS320(5'-GGCTCATGTG-3'), the concentration of Mg~(2+) 2.0mmol/L, Taq DNA polymerase activity 0.8U and the annealling temperature 35℃


Recent international agreements are evidence of modifications of the very form of individuals' utility functions as concerns for conservation of natural resources have progressed and increasingly become a major point of discussion within many levels of the global society. While the various policy issues resulting from environmental concerns have been analyzed in a broad spectrum of forums, the major social changes stimulating these policy discussions remain ignored. In a simplistic neo-classical framework, the changes could be thought of as simple responses to price (in the widest possible interpretation of the term) and income changes over time. Following the diverse writings of Greenhut et al., Norgaard, Parsons and Trosper, this paper sketches a theory explaining the alterations in what might be termed the distribution of individual utility functions and how this change influences society's decisions. The resulting sketch of endogenous utility functions develops a better understanding of the changes in individual and societal behavior as our human culture and the environment continue to co-evolve. To borrow Eriksson's term, perhaps the time has come to begin studying homo sociologius.


Effective communication of knowledge is paramount in every software organisation. Essentially, the role of documentation in a software engineering context is to communicate information and knowledge of the system it describes. Unfortunately, the current perception of documentation is that it is outdated, irrelevant and incomplete. Several studies to date have revealed that documentation is unfortunately often far from ideal. Problems tend to be diverse, ranging from incompleteness, to lack of clarity, to inaccuracy, obsolescence, difficulty of access, and lack of availability in local languages. This paper begins with a discussion of information seeking as an appropriate perspective for studying software maintenance activities. To this end, it examines the importance and centrality of documentation in this process. It finally concludes with a discussion on how software documentation practices can be improved to ensure software engineers communicate more effectively via the wide variety of documents that their projects require.


A system for controlling a printing device, without changing the configuration of the control side of the apparatus, to allow configuration changes in accordance with the printing apparatus. The first printer 30 includes a first printer printing unit 60, a USB interface 40 which connects the host computer 10, the device information storage unit 54B that stores device information including the type of different print portion from the first printer printing unit 60 when provided with a device control unit 51, when the host computer 10 is connected to the host computer 10, and outputs the device information stored in the device information storage unit 54B.


Markets are the core institutions of capitalist economies. They have become an important subject field in economic sociology during the last twenty years. The seminar centers around three coordination problems market actors need to resolve to establish and reproduce markets. These coordination problems are the problem of competition, the problem of valuation and the problem of cooperation. The conceptual texts and case studies read in the seminar provide insights into the different approaches in economic sociology.


There is an ongoing effort to find better ways to measure, visualize and understand student retention. We have explored the retention pattern for engineering programmes at Uppsala University. We indentify some distinctive features, such as the rapid decline of student numbers during the first two years of study, which is enhanced during summer holidays and a steadier situation after the first two years. A qualitative analysis yielded four reasons for student departure from our programmes: dissatisfaction with the study experience, problems to handle studies, conflicts of interest and lacking work connection. We related these reasons to the observed retention pattern and suggest implications for future practice. Index Terms—Student departure, student retention.


Cereal grains are major cropsin the northern Diversification of cereal cropping systems with alternative crops, Great Plains dryland area. Over the years, a cesuch as oilseed, pulse, and forage crops, furnishes producers with a real–fallow sequence has been used to reduce the risk range of agronomic and economic options. Crop diversification also of crop failure due to lack of soil moisture. With the improves management of plant diseases through manipulation of host adoption of reduced tillage practices or conservation factors such as crop and cultivar selection; interruption of disease tillage, soil moisture is conserved, and annual cropping cycles through crop rotation, fungicide application, and removal of becomes a viable option for producers. Alternative crops weeds and volunteer crop plants; and modification of the microenvisuch as oilseeds, pulses, and forages are used to diversify ronment within the crop canopy using tillage practices and stand cereal grain cropping systems. These alternative crops density. Management practices, such as seed treatment, date and rate provide producers with a range of agronomic and ecoof seeding, balanced fertility, control of weeds, field scouting, harvest management, and record keeping, can also be utilized to manage plant nomic options and help to avoid a buildup of pests diseases. This review evaluates the risks to diversified crop production associated with cereal grains. systems associated with the major plant diseases in the northern Great Even under dryland conditions of this geographic Plains and the influence of host, pathogen, and environmental factors area, plant diseases can limit crop production. The preson disease control. Principles to help producers reduce and manage ence and severity of a plant disease is determined by the risk from plant diseases are presented, and discussion includes the dynamic interaction of a susceptible crop (host), a strategies for countering fusarium head blight (Fusarium spp.), com- causal agent (pathogen), and favorable environmental monly called scab; and leaf spot diseases in cereals; sclerotinia stem


Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) has developed rapidly since its birth as one of accounting information processing standards and the latest technology. The governmental departments (including finance, taxation, business and other institutions), listed companies, famous software companies, academic institutions and other professions are paying more and more attention to the research in the finance information field by using XBRL. Related projects, academic conferences and discussion have been initiated to study its application and benefit. This has, in turn, lead to a new research applications upsurge in the field of accounting information management. However, the phenomenon that the advantages of XBRL were magnified is also apparent. In order to spread and apply XBRL, it is vital to objectively understand its advantages and limitations of XBRL, to constantly explore its applicable areas, and to have a good working knowledge of how it can be further developed. Being a business reporting language with many advantages, XBRL is not 100% perfect. There is still a huge distance between XBRL and the ideal network business reporting language. Based on system analysis on the research of XBRL in China and the research data samples selected from the Listed Companies in China Shanghai Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2006, the test demonstrated that the present enterprise does not obtain the superior earnings from the XBRL application, thus those enterprises cannot become the prime promoter of XBRL application. Currently, the shortcomings and performance bottlenecks in XBRL application are: Firstly, XBRL can only solve the problem in data performance format, but cannot fix the problem for the main reason for the existence of a multi-report form system and in the disclosure of information. Secondly, as there are many different systems and bodies of Taxonomy, the use of XBRL to compare and analyze accounting information in cross-regional or cross-country is not meaningful. Even in the same country, a number of organizations based on different Taxonomy will face the same problem when comparing financial and accounting information. Finally, there are inherent flaws of XBRL, such as large data storage capacity demand, inefficient implementation and excessive reliance on network security. It is bound to put enormous additional construction IT costs to companies, and may lead to 'IT investment black hole'. Based on the research above, this paper proposes some methods and direction to solve or alleviate the problems this study found and questioned. In the research developing process of XBRL, if the problem questioned in this paper can obtain effective solutions, we can believe that this technology will bring significant changes to the accounting profession. XBRL will become the promotional power of convergence of international accounting standards. Finally, not only will it make the enterprises' accounting information reporting mechanized, standardized and transparent, but it will also reduce the risk of fraud in accounting to a certain extent.


An impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter (TX) consuming ultra-low power is presented. The low-complexity topology features control of the power spectral density (PSD) and central frequency for a broad range of applications. The PSD and frequency adjustment are accomplished by employing a tunable pulse generator and an adjustable driver. The IR-UWB TX suitable for on–off keying coding is fabricated in a low-cost 180 nm UMC CMOS technology and occupies the total die area of 0.63 mm2. The measurement results show the transmitter output swing of 320 mVpp (peak-to-peak amplitude) with the pulse duration of 0.6 ns, and the spectrum covering the frequency range from 3 to 7.5 GHz. The total DC power consumption is 1 mW resulting in energy consumption of 5 pJ/pulse at 200 MHz data rate.


The article reveals the application technique of the free thematic essay as a qualitative research method that enables children to publicize their experiences. The main philosophical methodological provision that is followed while creating the essay application technique is presented: in order to "enter" childhood world and to understand hidden phenomena it is necessary to understand and evaluate them through children's not adults' perspective. The principles of free thematic essay application technique are analyzed in the contexts of children's leisure culture and research of self-learning social-educational discourse. Children's leisure and selflearning as a sphere of their everyday life is rather detached from formal self-education and demands not only a new attitude towards the phenomenon, but also the realization of new relationships between adults and children that would give a possibility to represent children's needs. The child-centred paradigm of "freedom" self-education transfuses all spheres of children's self-learning and selfsocialization, including leisure. It encourages researchers to explore the meanings of socio-cultural and educational discourse of children's leisure, perceiving children's leisure as a phenomenon inherent to their culture. The article presents main principles of methods of application and realization of an essay: opinion of children and their provided information are very important, a child is an active participant (agent and creator) of everyday research process. It is suggested to encourage children's curiosity by employing "intrigue" and "provocations" as a stimulus for publicizing of own "invisible/unnoticed" (to adults) life and learning/teaching experiences. Free child's decision (to take/not take part in the research or to withdraw from it) is important. Such conditions are important as well: when children transmit knowledge about themselves, an interactive dialogue is a must, by applying the linguistic style (attractive) used in (children's) everyday practice; coherence of communication forms – innovative (interactive/distance – e-mail) and traditional (telephone, "traditional" mail) – is necessary; inspiration of the process of interactions children-adults (researcher-teachers/pedagogues-parents) where all are equal partners. It should be emphasized that when applying children's experience/narrative research, in the very research process it is important to allow/provide conditions for children as research participants to implement their choices.


In former balance studies with sheep and
 cattle it is known that in lactating ruminants like in monogastric
 animals the high calcium demand is met by increased resorption
 of calcium from the bone and increased absorption from the rumen and the
 intestines. However the efficiency of gastrointestinal calcium absorption is
 not sufficient to compensate for the negative calcium balance at the onset of
 lactation.
 For practical reasons many studies aiming at
 the understanding of the disruption of calcium homeostasis in dairy cows are
 carried out using sheep and goats instead. As there is evidence of species
 specific differences in the gastrointestinal calcium transport it was the aim
 of the present study to investigate to what extent there are differences or
 similarities of sheep and goats in adapting to a pregnancy and lactation
 induced challenge of calcium homeostasis.
 As former studies showed the existence of the
 structural basis for a calcitriol dependent transcellular calcium transport in the intestine but not
 in the rumen it was the aim of the present study to determine the effects of
 lactation on gastrointestinal calcium absorption and on intestinal phosphate
 absorption in sheep and goats.
 For this purpose analytical as well as
 functional and structural investigations on lactating sheep and goats in
 comparison to the respective dried off animals were performed.
 In goats, lactation resulted in an increase
 of the Calbindin-D9k and PMCA as well as in an increased
 ruminal absorption of calcium. In contrast,
 gastrointestinal absorption in sheep was not affected by lactation. Instead
 an adaptation seems to occur via enhanced mobilisation of calcium from the
 bone. As in this process not only calcium but also phosphate is mobilised the
 increased phosphate plasma concentrations obtained in these animals may be
 responsible for the absent adaptation of phosphate transport in the duodenum
 and jejunum.
 In summary these findings clearly demonstrate
 that the mechanisms to compensate for a lactation induced challenge of
 calcium homeostasis are not the same in sheep and goats. Further studies are
 needed to clarify which of the two investigated species is more suitable as a
 model for the diary cow.


Abstract We compiled 355 observations of foraging events of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) in Grand Canyon, downstream from Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado River during 1973–1995, and documented abundance of prey, foraging behavior, and success in foraging. Peregrine falcons attempted to forage on ≥44 species, including ≥40 species of birds: swifts and swallows (29%), waterfowl (Anseriformes, Podicipediformes, and similar birds, 27%), other waterbirds (waders and other large, non-anseriform waterbirds, 11%), bats (10%), large wasps (8%), and other species (15%). Frequency of foraging during the breeding season was positively related to overall abundance of prey, but relative intensity of predation (ratio of relative frequency of attack on a species to mean abundance of that species) increased on most species of prey in the usually turbid lower reach, where prey were less abundant. Air-to-air strikes were most common (94% of 271 cases for which data were available), followed by air-to-water strikes (4%), and air-to-ground strikes (2%). Tandem attacks occurred in ≥43% of cases. Overall foraging success was ≥52%, and was highest on large wasps (100%) and bats (87%), intermediate on large waterbirds (63%), swifts, swallows, and small terrestrial birds (42%), and waterfowl (40%), and lowest on belted kingfishers (Ceryle alcyon; 18%) and small shorebirds (<3%). Foraging success was related to abundance of prey and number of co-foraging falcons, and was negatively related to relative body mass of prey. Most dietary biomass was derived from waterfowl (64%) and large waterbirds (25%), whereas swallows and swifts contributed only 3%. The low and variably turbid segment near the dam had greater abundance of prey and lower relative intensity of predation compared to the usually turbid segment downstream, but distribution and overall frequency and success of foraging by peregrine falcons were not affected by regulation of flow.


Existing power plants may consume significant amounts of fuel and require high operating costs, partly because of poor electrical power output estimates. This paper suggests a continuous conditional random field (C-CRF) model to predict more precisely the full-load electrical power output of a base load operated combined cycle power plant. We introduce three feature functions to model association potential and one feature function to model interaction potential. Together, these functions compose the C-CRF model, and the model is transformed into a multivariate Gaussian distribution with which the operation parameters can be modeled more efficiently. The performance of our model in estimating power output was evaluated by means of a real dataset and our model outperformed existing methods. Moreover, our model can be used to estimate confidence intervals of the predicted output and calculate several probabilities.


We have studied structures used in MOM capacitors including Ta 2 O 5 /TiN/Ti, Ta 2 O 5 /Ti, Ta 2 O 5 /TaN/Ti, Ta 2 O 5 /WN/Ti, and Ta 2 O 5 /M where M = Ta, Pt, W, Al, and Si using X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. We find that Ti and Al are able to reduce the Ta 2 O 5 to Ta, forming oxides of Ti and Al, respectively. The diffusion barrier TiN hampers the diffusion of oxygen and therefore postpone the reduction of Ta 2 O 5 to higher temperatures. The oxygen migrates from the Ta 2 O 5 layer and through the TIN layer to the Ti layer during the heat treatment. As judged by the temperatures at which the reduction of Ta 2 O 5 occurs, TaN and WN are more effective oxygendiffusion barriers than TiN. Leakage current observed in AI/Ta 2 O 5 /TaN/Ta capacitors is one to two orders of magnitude lower than that observed in Al/Ta 2 O 5 /TiN/Ti capacitors.


A novel method to synthesize nickel/ porous activated carbon composite materials has been proposed initially from bimetallic Ni(II)-MOF-5s. Electrochemical results present that the nickel /activated carbon maintains nearly 83 % capacity with the current density increases from 0.2 to 50 A g -1 and shows excellent cyclic stability of about 1.5 % decrease after 5000 cycles. This product also demonstrated a good rectangularity at a high scan voltage of 2 V s -1 and very low charge transfer resistance of approximately 0.35 Ω, which can be a prospective electrode material for electrochemical double-layer supercapacitor applications.


One of the important themes in Kenkou's work Tureduregusa is the inconstancy of life. In this thesis, the author mainly explores kenkou's aesthetic conceptions based on his own particular philosophy, as well as the connection between his philosophy as reflected in the work and that of two ancient Chinese philosophers Laozi and Zhuangzi, the founders of Taoism. This outlook has an inseparable connection with that of Laozi and Zhuangzi.


We measured the thermal neutron capture cross section for the 180 W nucleus. There is only one previous measurement with regard to this cross section, and it yielded a value of 30 +300% -100% b. To determine whether 181 W is an appropriate low energy neutrino source, the thermal neutron capture cross section should be measured more precisely to estimate the production rate of 181 W inside a nuclear reactor. We measured the cross section of 180 W using a natural tungsten foil and obtained a value of 22.6 ± 1.7 b.


Scale correlation of each segment of the total pressure drop was obtained by testing subsection inside hydrocyclones.At the same time,a new kind of power correlation was found by measuring flow rate and split ratio which was connected with pressure, pressure drop and pressure drop ratio on de-oiling hydrocyclones, and we discovered water outlet should keep a rational back pressure when hydrocycloens were in proper function by means of real testing and theoretical analyses.To keep a proper pressure distribution between water outlet pressure and oil vent pressure a better separating effect.


Comparative X-ray crystallographic analyses of tetra-t-butyl 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylate (1) and highly congested hexa-t-butyl benzenehexacarboxylate (2) have shown that t-butoxycarbonyl groups in 2 are much more twisted with respect to the benzene ring and bond-elongated in the peripheral positions than those in 1 or hexamethyl benzenehexacarboxylate. Such deformations and the staggered carbonyl orientation, all arising from the steric hindrance, may be responsible for the unusual dual-fluorescence behavior of the sterically congested hexaester 2.


We present the findings of four studies related to the visualization of sleep data on wearables with two form factors: smartwatches and fitness bands. Our goal was to understand the interests, preferences, and effectiveness of different sleep visualizations by form factor. In a survey, we showed that wearers were mostly interested in weekly sleep duration, and nightly sleep phase data. Visualizations of this data were generally preferred over purely text-based representations, and the preferred chart type for fitness bands, and smartwatches was often the same. In one in-person pilot study, and two crowdsourced studies, we then tested the effectiveness of the most preferred representations for different tasks, and found that participants performed simple tasks effectively on both form factors but more complex tasks benefited from the larger smartwatch size. Lastly, we reflect on our crowdsourced study methodology for testing the effectiveness of visualizations for wearables. Supplementary material is available at https://osf.io/yz8ar/.


Abstract The complex permittivity of fresh juice of two cultivars of grapes, Sultania (green grapes) and Black Monukka (black grapes) was measured in terms of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor over the frequency range from 1 to 50 GHz and at temperatures ranging from 30 to 60°C, by using the PNA network analyzer model E8364C and open ended coaxial probe 85070E. The Cole-Cole plots and dielectric constant vs. (angular frequency) dielectric loss factor and dielectric constant vs. dielectric loss factor/(angular frequency) regression lines at different temperatures were used in Debye approximation to predict relaxation frequency of molecules for the two cultivars of grapes in the low frequency and high frequency limits, respectively. It was observed that the acidic character of green grapes is responsible for the large amplitude vibrational peaks in dielectric loss factor - frequency curves, in the high frequency region at higher temperatures. On the other hand, excess of sugar in black grapes suppresses the activity of water molecules, thereby suppressing the vibrational peaks at higher frequencies. Different relaxation frequencies found for the two cultivars of grapes suggest that they have different molecular structure.


The lactate dehydrogenase enzyme from Plasmodium falciparum (PfLDH) is a target for antimalarial compounds owing to structural and functional differences from the human isozymes. The plasmodial enzyme possesses a five‐residue insertion in the substrate‐specificity loop and exhibits less marked substrate inhibition than its mammalian counterparts. Here we provide a comprehensive kinetic analysis of the enzyme by steady‐state and transient kinetic methods. The mechanism deduced by product inhibition studies proves that PfLDH shares a common mechanism with the human LDHs, that of an ordered sequential bireactant system with coenzyme binding first. Transient kinetic analysis reveals that the major rate‐limiting step is the closure of the substrate‐specificity loop prior to hydride transfer, in line with other LDHs. The five‐residue insertion in this loop markedly increases substrate specificity compared with the human muscle and heart isoforms.


Abstract. Objectives. To evaluate the importance of various variables reflecting neuroendocrine activation in relation to prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).


The concept of frugality is today appearing as a critic to our current way of life. This concept contains today a meaning that entails a clash with the economic, social and cultural inertia in which we have lived since the dawn of capitalism. In this paper we analyze this concept starting from philology and going through philosophy to finally conclude that as opposed to the reviled concept of austerity, frugality represents something else than a personal attitude. It represents the germ of a cultural transformation, necessary to address the sustainability challenges that humanity is facing today.


The research was conducted to identify areas that are often or always influenced by ENSO and IOD phenomena and its impact on the early shift the planting season, especially in the main rice producer of the West Java. Research has been conducted in Indramayu and Cianjur regency (monsoon region) and Solok and Pesisir Selatan (Equatorial region). Analysis of the correlation between ENSO and the IOD with rainfall has been carried out to obtain the relationship between ENSO and the IOD with rainfall in the period from December to February, March to May, June to August, and September to November. Relationships between the parameters determined by the level of the strong correlation (r ≤ -0.54), middle (-0.4 ≥ r ≥ -0.53), and weak (-0.39 ≥ r ≥ -0.33). Whereas Prosiding Seminar Hasil-Hasil Penelitian IPB 2009 590 uninfluenced areas have value ≥ 0.32. The analysis presented in the form of spatial to facilitate in determining which areas are sensitive to climate anomalies. Dynamics and the sensitivity of planting time is determined from the 'overlay' of Existing Planting Calendar Map with delineation of areas affected by ENSO and IOD. The results showed that the ENSO and IOD phenomena that strongly influence in September-November period. Indramayu is a monsoon rainfall region which almost the entire area influenced by the ENSO and IOD. Sensitivity and dynamics of planting calendar more clearly in the region which is characterized by delayed planting time from 2 to 6 dekads (ten day periods). The planting time alternative in the first planting season ranged from first to third dekad of December. Meanwhile in the equatorial rainfall region influenced by IOD and ENSO such as Pesisir Selatan, delayed planting time is only about 2 to 4 dekads. The planting time alternative in the first planting season ranged from first dekad of November to first dekad of December. The results of this study expected to support the programs of National Rice Production Increased.


In this paper the possibility of computing equilibrium in static production economies by interior point method is investigated. The performance of the algorithm is tested on examples with known equilibria taken from the literature on general equilibrium models and numerical results are presented. In computing equilibria, economy will be specified by excess demand function.


This paper presents analytical equations for power losses calculation in three-level VSI controlled by carrier-based PWM with third harmonic injection. A magnitude current value in the four leg devices depending on three-phase load unbalance was obtained.


The characteristics of p-doped 1.1 μm and 1.3 μm self-assembled In(Ga)As quantum dot lasers grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been studied. With optimum p-doping, we demonstrate quantum dot lasers with zero-temperature dependence of the threshold current (T0 = ∞) and the output slope efficiency. These characteristics are explained through a self-consistent model that includes temperature-dependent Auger recombination in the quantum dots. With tunnel injection, we measure greatly enhanced -3dB frequency response, 25 GHz and 11 GHz in 1.1 μm and 1.3 μm tunnel injection quantum dot lasers, respectively. These devices also exhibit near zero α-parameters and extremely small chirp (< 0.2 Å), in addition to temperature insensitive operation.


There has long been a need for diagnostic, theragnostic, and prognostic
biomarkers for psychiatric disorders. Biomarkers help in reducing ambiguity and arbitrariness and
increase objectivity. In this context, many candidates for hormonal, immunological, serological, and
neuroimaging markers have been proposed, but none of these marker candidates alone nor a biomarker
panel has been approved for any disease. The fact that almost all psychiatric disorders are
heterogeneous makes this process challenging. However, strong biomarker candidates have been
identified, especially in light of the large number of clinical and preclinical studies conducted within
the last five years.

The aim of this article was to compile and discuss the current information on immune
biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, and
anxiety disorders.

 In this study, respected scientific databases were searched using key terms related to the
subject, and the related literature was examined in detail.

There are many relationships between psychiatric disorders and immune system parameters.
Evidence also suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in the etiopathogenesis of psychiatric
disorders. Markers, such as proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and C-reactive
protein have been associated with psychiatric disorders in numerous studies.

The neuroinflammation hypothesis has an important place in the etiopathogenesis of
psychiatric disorders. Uncertainty remains as to whether neuroinflammation is a cause or consequence
of psychiatric disorders. Some researchers have indicated that intestinal microbiota composition
disorders and dysbiosis are sources of neuroinflammation. Immune marker studies are of
great importance in terms of eliminating this uncertainty and overcoming diagnostic and treatment
difficulties in the clinic. In this review, biomarker studies on psychiatric disorders were examined
from the viewpoint of the immune system and discussed in light of the current studies.


In the early part of this century aircraft were flown only when the pilot could control them by reference to outside sources—the ground, the sky and the horizon. Soon, however, instruments were developed which enabled him to fly in cloud or darkness. The Second World War with its blackout enforced this need for total blind flying and, as a consequence instruments and techniques were perfected, ending with what was known as the standard blind flying panel. This has remained substantially unchanged in the majority of aircraft up to the present day. This paper reviews the presentation and the principles which led to its development and then discusses some recent developments in this interesting field. First it is necessary to look at the problem in more detail.


Aim- To study the prevalence of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in patients with Diabetes Mellitus and to compare the degree and severity of hearing loss in patients with diabetes controlled on medications with uncontrolled disease Methodology- Prospective observational study was conducted to assess prevalence of sensory-neural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus attending ENT OPD at GRMC Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India from December 2020 to May 2022. Auditory function was measured with Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) Among 280 patients with Diabetes mellitus, Results- 184 patients had Sensory-neural hearing loss (65.70%). As the disease duration increased above 10 years, incidence of SNHL increased to 88.4% in both ears. Sensorineural hearing loss is Conclusionprevalent in 65.71% of type II diabetic patients. Sensorineural hearing loss in diabetes mellitus is usually gradually progressive involving high frequency thresholds. Hearing threshold increases with advanced age and increased duration of diabetes. Patients with poor control [HbA1c greater than 8.5%] of their glycemic status had raised auditory thresholds.


In this paper, we will determine all the totally positive integers which cannot be represented by the sum of nonvanishing integral squares when .


The aim of the present paper was to determine the Slovak consumer's opinion about the purchase and quality level of agricultural and food products produced in the Slovak Republic, as well as to determine their knowledge and preference of the National Quality Label "Znacka kvality SK". As research methods, there have been used the methods of survey and structured questionnaire consisting of 22 questions. The total number of respondents was 2.808 randomly selected respondents from all over the Slovak Republic. For a deeper analysis of the obtained results, there have been set out nine hypothesis, which have been tested with the use of Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-Test and Cramer's contingency coefficient. The results of the present paper show, that the knowledge and preference of higher quality food is between Slovak consumers on a pretty high level – more than 44 % respondents think that they buy higher quality products, more than 49 % of respondents think that the agricultural and food products produced in Slovak Republic are rather higher and higher quality, more than 58 % of respondents know the Quality Label "Znacka kvality SK", over 56 % of respondents could describe its logo, more than 60 % of them could spontaneously name five brands, respectively products labelled with this Quality Label and almost 50 % of respondents buy also the ecological products.


The most widely used architecture in large area flat panel imagers is the amorphous silicon passive pixel sensor (PPS), which consists of a detector and a readout switch. While the PPS has the advantage of being compact, reading small PPS output signals requires external column charge amplifiers that produce additional noise and reduce the minimum readable sensor input signal. This work compares the SNR, metastability, area, and off-panel complexity of amorphous silicon active pixel sensor (APS) readout circuits based on three and two transistor current mode and current programmed designs that perform on-pixel amplification of noise-vulnerable sensor input signals to minimize the effect of external readout noise sources associated with ¿off-chip¿ charge amplifiers. The APS circuits presented are poised to replace PPS circuits for fast readout, noise-sensitive, large area, digital medical imaging applications such as dual mode radiography/fluoroscopy and mammography tomosynthesis.


Violations in the timing constraints of a clocked register can cause a synchronous system to malfunction. The effects of variations in the power supply voltage (VDD) on the timing characteristics of registers are investigated in this paper. The sensitivity of the setup time and data propagation delay to power supply variations is demonstrated for four different register designs. Design modifications are proposed in order to enhance the robustness of each register design under VDD variations


Abstract Studies on the intelligent vehicles that are converged with IT and vehicular technologies are currently under active discussion. A variety of communication technologies for safety intelligent vehicle services are support. As such intelligent vehicles use communication technologies, they are exposed to the diverse factors of security threats. To conduct intelligent vehicle security authentication solutions, there are some factors that can be adopted ownership, knowledge and biometrics[6,7]. This paper proposes to analyze the factors to threaten intelligent vehicle, which are usually intruded through communication network system and the security solution using biometric authentication scheme. This study proposed above user's biometrics information-based authentication scheme that can solve the anticipated problems with an intelligent vehicle, which requires a higher level of security than existing authentication solution. Key Words : Authentication, Biometric, Security, Intelligent Vehicle, Personal Key


The experimental results on directional crystallization of the Zirconia Yttria Erbia refractory oxide systems under conditions of central symmetry temperature field within the focal zone of an optical furnace are presented. The effect of anomalous crystallization with salient cone formation in the centre ingot of some alloys in the refractory oxide systems with Zirconia Yttria Erbia has been revealed. The stepwise model of directional crystallization in the central symmetry temperature field is proposed. The found effect can be explained if these alloys expand upon crystallization. The model of possible increasing of specific volume due to the additional vacancy forming is proposed. This effect is caused by the substitution of Er (Y) ions by Zr ions in the metal sublattice of hexagonal phase of Erbia (Yttria) and subsequent charge compensation by numerous additional vacancies in the metal sublattice.


A new species of stichaeid fish, Bryozoichthys marjorius, is described from the Gulf of Alaska. It differs from the closely related B. lysimus in dorsal spine number, scale pattern, and position of...


The invention relates to a valve unit (6) for a coating system, in particular as an integrated colour changer or two-component mixer in a rotary sprayer (1), having a housing (7, 8) and at least one valve receptacle (15) which is arranged in the housing (7, 8) and serves to receive a valve (21). It is proposed that the housing (7, 8) has at least one first housing part (8) and one second housing part (7), wherein the first housing part (8) is composed of a different material than the second housing part (7).


This thesis summarizes the methods of preparation and optical properties of hybrid assemblies of Au NPs and cadmium selenide (CdSe) QDs. First chap-ter deals with the literature survey and theoretical aspects of plasmonics and discussions on optical excitations of metal (plasmons) and semiconducting QDs (excitons). Variation of energy levels of CdSe QDs and its optical properties i
e. absorption and emission properties under strong confinement regime have been discussed with respect to effective mass approximation (EMA) model. This is followed by the discussion on optical properties of Au NPs and rods, describing absorption properties, based on Mie theory. Size and shape depen-dent variation of absorption properties. Theoretical discussions of collective effects in QDs assemblies and plasmonic interactions with the QDs assemblies i.e. plasmonic Dicke effect and metal nanoantenna interaction with CdSe QDs arrays is provided.
In the second chapter a discussion on experimental techniques used for the study is provided. It starts with a discussion on the synthesis methods for CdSe QDs and Au NPs/rods with different capping ligands. Different techniques of preparation of CdSe QDs assemblies and their hybrid with metallic nanoparti-cles has been discussed. Further discussion on optical microscopy techniques, confocal, near field scanning microscopy (NSOM), Brewster angle microscopy and electron microscopy techniques i. e transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry analysis of the samples is provided.
In the third chapter the details of the different self-assembly methods of preparation of hybrid assemblies of CdSe QDs and Au NPs /rods are given. The different strategies are used for different type of hybrids. In first method of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) , effect of different capping agents, core size, and number ratios of Au NPs/rods to CdSe QDs, effect of anisotropy of Au NPs on the LB films of CdSe QDs assemblies is discussed. In another method of dip coating several control parameters like dip time, concentration of the solution and dip speed of transferring an aligned GNRs is given. Finally a combination of LB and dip coating methods is described for transferring aligned GNRs over a compact layer of CdSe QDs. At the end, a section is devoted to hit and trials of self-assemblies of hybrid of GNRs and CdSe QDs using LB method, the failures of which resulted in devising a method which uses a combination of LB and dip coating.
In fourth chapter effects of plasmons on the collective emission of CdSe QDs assemblies are investigated. A plasmonic tuning of photoluminescence from semiconducting QD assemblies using Au NP in different ratio and different packing density has been discussed. We have described how the emission from a closed pack assemblies, prepared with different packing densities depends on the packing density and extent of spectral overlap between QD photolumi-nescence and the metal nanoparticle absorbance. We have provided possible evidence for plasmon mediated coherent…


Recording properties in metal evaporate tape recording media is studied via self-constant modeling. Recording characteristics as functions of medium saturation magnetization and thickness is studied considering using a shield MR head for play back. It is found that reducing film thickness is more effective than reducing saturation magnetization in terms of obtaining readback voltage pulse with narrower PWso . A recording density Dso = 250K Fe] can be obtained with medium saturation magnetization Ms = 115emu/cm 3 and thickness 6 = 50nm at coercivity He = 20000e. In the paper, changes of recorded transition region through the medium depth for different medium saturation magnetization are analyzed. Nonlinearity at small bit intervals are studied.


Abstract The Antarctic topography and attendant katabatic wind regime appear to play a key role in the climate of the high southern latitudes. During the nonsummer months, persistent and often times intense katabatic winds occur in the lowest few hundred meters of the Antarctic atmosphere. These slope flows transport significant amounts of cold air northward and thereby modify the horizontal pressure field over the high southern latitudes. Three-year seasonal cycle numerical simulations using the NCAR Community Climate Model Version 1 (CCM1) with and without representation of the Antarctic orography were performed to explore the role of the elevated terrain and drainage flows on the distribution and evolution of the horizontal pressure field. The katabatic wind regime is an important part of a clearly defined mean meridional circulation in the high southern latitudes. The position and intensity of the attendant sea level low pressure belt appears to be tied to the Antarctic orography. The seasonal movemen...


Furazolidone (FZD), a typical highly effective nitrofuran antibiotic, has been banned in aquaculture for its carcinogenicity and other adverse health effects, but it is still wildly used for its low cost and significant efficacy. Since FZD will be rapidly metabolized in living organisms, the traditional standard mass spectrometry method can quantitatively analyze trace amount of FZD by detecting its derivative. However, a rapid qualitative analysis method is more consistent with market demand in regular monitoring. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to separate and purify FZD from the sea cucumber culture sediment, and the purified effluent was combined with a substrate of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection. The absolute detection limit of FZD by SERS is 1 ng, and the detection limit of FZD in actual sediment samples is less than 1 μg/kg. The cost and period of FZD analysis by HPLC-SERS are greatly reduced for the omission of derivatization compared with the traditional mass spectrometry method, which can better meet the requirements of practical applications.


Objective
To investigate the clinical efficacy of sakubattral and valsartan sodium tablets in the treatment of heart failure and its effect on cardiac function and serum B-type natriuretic peptide(BNP).

Methods
From December 2017 to February 2019, 102 patients with heart failure admitted to Lyucheng Cardiovascular Hospital of Zhejiang Province were selected and divided into control group and treatment group according to random number table method, with 51 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine treatment, while the treatment group was treated with sakubattral and valsartan sodium tablets on the basis of routine treatment.Both two groups were treated for 12 weeks.The heart function[including left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), cardiac output per stroke(SV) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDD)], serum BNP, 6-minute walking distance(6MWD) and quality of life were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.

Results
The total effective rate of the treatment group was 94.12%(48/51), which was higher than 72.55%(37/51) of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=8.541, P<0.05). After treatment, the LVEF[(60.28±6.97)%] and SV[(78.91±4.23)mL] in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group[(52.31±4.56)% and (71.35±6.74)mL], while the LVEDD in the trentment group [(54.89±5.26)mm]was lower than that in the control group[(61.74±4.80)mm], the differences were statistically significant(t=6.834, 6.785, 6.870, all P<0.05). After treatment, the serum BNP level in the treatment group[(164.32±14.39)ng/L] was lower than that in the control group[(248.96±23.15)ng/L], while the 6MWD in the trentment group [(353.27±42.26)m] was higher than that in the control group[(273.21±34.47)m], the differences were statistically significant (t=22.175, 10.484, all P<0.05). After treatment, the MLHFQ score in the treatment group[(27.83±5.41)points] was lower than that in the control group[(41.98±7.64)points], the difference was statistically significant(t=10.794, P<0.05).

Conclusion
Sakubattral and valsartan sodium tablets has good clinical efficacy in treating heart failure, it can improve cardiac function and reduce serum BNP level, which is worthy of clinical application.

Key words:
Heart Failure; Sakubattral and valsartan sodium tablets; Heart function tests; Stroke volume; Natriuretic peptide, brain; Quality of Life


ABSTRACT: This article presents the issue of contemporary urban dynamics, wherein urban sprawl occupies a central position. The post-Fordist city, an expression of individual initiative and piecemeal projects, decidedly favors this phenomenon, on the background of a constant rise in the social demand for individual housing. Faced with this new trend of extensive development, it is necessary to find ways of conciliating the categories of actors responsible for "creating the city", in the spirit of a sustainable, medium and long-term urban development, done, as far as possible, in the manner of an integrated approach. The perspective of the fractal modeling performed using the MUP City computer software may constitute an instrument which can be used in this context, putting forward a fractal reinterpretation of the principle of the garden-city.


Walking through an environment involves perceiving one's walking body and its environment relative to each other. The sensation of placing one foot in front of the other may therefore arise from sensory stimuli configuring into the structure of a body perambulating an environment. Sensory stimuli constituting such a locomotor structure may accordingly bear the potential to induce in seated individuals the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment. To date, this was not investigated. Here, we have therefore exposed sixteen seated human subjects in a life-sized virtual environment to visual and tactile stimuli that configured either into the structure of a body perambulating an environment or into a control structure. Our subjects experienced locomotor illusions exclusively when the visuo-tactile stimuli configured into the «body-perambulating-environment» structure. This suggests that the locomotor illusion of walking through an environment can arise in seated individuals from perceiving sensory stimuli configuring into such a sensorimotor body-environment structure.


Muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) is a grape species that is native to the Southeastern US, where several cultivars are grown commercially for processing or direct consumption. Phenology based tissue analysis to determine the nutritional status of a vine is a critical tool for growers to understand fertilizer demands in a vineyard. For European-style wine grapes, tissue sampling for nutrient content is well researched. However, current tissue sampling recommendations for muscadines are solely based on anecdotal knowledge. It is currently unknown if the type of tissue collected has an impact on variability and content of nutrients. Questions also remain as to whether or not seasonal vine phenology impacts tissue nutrient content. Without this knowledge it is difficult for a muscadine grower to make informed decisions on the nutritional status of a muscadine vine. Therefore, we investigated the impact of the phenological vine stage (bloom, fruit set, véraison) on nutrient content in two different tissue types (mature leaf vs. petiole), sampled at two different positions on a muscadine vine (opposite of cluster vs. shoot). The study was conducted over two growing seasons (2019 and 2020) in a commercial mature muscadine vineyard ('Carlos'). Our results show that over both study years, the highest variability in nutrient content was found during bloom (May–June), while nutrient variability was lower during fruit-set and veraison. We also found fully mature leaf samples showed a lower variability in nutrient tissue content. Based on our results, sampling fully mature leafs from shoots remains the best practice. However, our results also indicate that tissue sampling later in the season might be a better practice, compared to the current practice of taking samples during June.


Current business models tend to base their total activity in the manufacturing, distribution and selling of industrial product with single use phase. But now, products with multiple use phases have to be considered regarding new economical and environmental pressures. In that case, the related complex life cycles have to be modelled and assessed by designers' teams for a better understanding of their whole performance. This paper focuses on the remanufacturing strategy. This study shows how to establish comparative assessments of remanufactured products life cycles vs. classical life cycle scenarios from an environmental point of view. The final objective is to provide easy to use methods and tools for designers to allow them quantifying the environmental benefits related to the use of a closed loop strategy. The approach is illustrated by a case study from the industry: a truck injector.


We present three cases in which patients that had suffered polytrauma developed heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia after the start of heparin treatment for thrombosis. All three patients had high injury severity scores and required major surgery. They all started receiving unfractionated heparin for deep venous thrombosis with or without an asymptomatic pulmonary embolism. The patients were clinically diagnosed with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia after their platelet counts fell or exhibited a delayed recovery.


Let b ≥ 2 be an integer and g = b− 1. We consider a generalization of the modified Collatz function: For any positive integer m, the g-Collatz function fg divides m by g, if m is a multiple of g; otherwise, the g-Collatz function fg is the least integer greater than or equal to bm g . Using this g-Collatz function, we extend the Collatz problem, and we show that there are nontrivial cycles for some g. Then we show how the function fg transforms the base-b representation of positive integers, and we study the sequence of the b-ary representation of integers generated by the function fg, starting with a b-ary string representing b for an arbitrary large integer N . We show each b-ary string in the sequence has a repeating string, and the number of occurrences of each digit in each shortest repeating string generalizes Jacobsthal numbers.


We investigated the relationship between preoperative anti‐HLA antibodies (donor‐specific antibody, DSA) and the graft survival rate in recipients who had or had not received rituximab (Rit) treatment. The subjects were categorized into four groups as follows: DSA+Rit−, n = 39; DSA−Rit−, n = 121; DSA+Rit+, n = 74; and DSA−Rit+, n = 47. We examined the influence of preoperative DSA on the incidence of graft rejection and the survival rate of recipients who had or who had not received rituximab before transplantation. The 6‐month acute rejection rates based on graft biopsies were 39%, 19%, 15%, and 0% for the DSA+Rit−, DSA−Rit−, DSA+Rit+, and DSA−Rit+ groups. The rates of chronic antibody‐mediated rejection after more than 6 months were 50%, 22%, 18%, and 0%. The 5‐year graft survival rate was significantly lower in the DSA+Rit− group (84%) than in the other groups (95% for DSA−Rit−, 98% for DSA+Rit+, and 91% for DSA−Rit+). The rate of the appearance of de novo anti‐HLA antibodies was higher in the groups that did not receive rituximab treatment. The rate of graft loss associated with chronic antibody‐mediated rejection was also higher in the DSA+Rit− group than in the other groups (P = 0.01). The presence of DSA and the administration of rituximab had strong impacts on not only short‐term graft rejection, but also long‐term graft rejection and its association with the graft survival time.


Over the last two decades Israel has experienced a rapid and extreme growth in diversity among students entering academia. In conjunction, the number of students with learning disabilities and learning difficulties has risen to twenty percent in a leading college. In earlier research, the match between students' learning styles (LS) and their teachers' instructional strategies (IS) and the correlation of this LS-IS match with students' academic achievements was studied. Nevertheless, there is no report of research where one-on-one education is implemented. Moreover, there are no references about the match of a trainees' LS to their tutors' IS and the correlation of this LS-IS match with the trainees' achievements as presented in the current paper. To measure the LS- IS match, two different methods were used. First, calculating the correlation between trainees' LS and tutors' IS (LS-IS correlation); second, calculating the LS-IS distance. Thirty-nine tutors were paired with 42 trainees with learning disabilities (three tutors had two trainees each) during the 2016 academic year. Thus, 42 pairs of tutors and trainees worked to help the trainees achieve better academic grades. The Felder-Soloman Index of Learning Styles (ILS) was used to measure the tutors' preferred IS and the trainees' preferred LS. In both methods, the LS-IS match was correlated with the trainees' grades. If the LS-IS match influences the trainees' achievements, significant positive correlations in the first method and significant negative correlation in the second method must appear. Nevertheless, the results show no significant correlation (positive or negative, accordingly) between the LS-IS match and students' achievements at the end of the first semester of 2016 and again at the end of the second semester of 2016.


In this paper, the circuit design of the all-GaN Two-stage Turn-off Over-Current Protection circuit (TT-OCP) is proposed. The TT-OCP can realize the over-current protection of GaN power HEMTs through a two-stage turn-off method combining the adjustable gate-clamping and adjustable hard turn-off, which can realize the suppression of drain overshoot voltage caused by fast turn-off of GaN power HEMT in over-current condition. Compared with the conventional over-current protection integrated circuit, the simulation results of the proposed TT-OCP show that the overshoot voltage is suppressed by 34.9% under the same conditions.


A full account of the oxidative dearomatization of para- and ortho-phenolic sulfonamides is provided together with an overview of the chemistry of the products and their elaboration to building blocks for spirocyclic alkaloids. A concise total synthesis of putative lepadiformine complements the discussion.


Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare form of pulmonary hypertension, classified as group 4 in the present clinical classification [1, 2]. CTEPH is generally considered a late complication of one or multiple episodes of acute pulmonary embolism that have not resolved despite at least 3 months of therapeutic anticoagulation. Haemodynamically, CTEPH is characterised by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of at least 25 mmHg at rest, measured during right heart catheterisation. The meta-analysis by Ende-Verhaar et al. provides important information and helps guide clinical practice in CTEPH http://ow.ly/Are8307RTPx