Rice is the most important staple food in Korea. Rice blast, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases in the rice-growing world and in Korea. Eighteen major blast resistance genes were screened in 33 leading Korean japonica varieties using 44 DNA markers. The 33 leading japonica varieties are cultivated in 659,642 ha (90.4%), and a variety of Samkwang is cultivated widely on a nation-wide scale. Four resistance genes, Pia, Pib, Pi19, and Pb1, were detected in 10-21 varieties, and the R-genes of Pii, Pish, Pita/Pita-2, Piz/Piz-t, Pi35, and Pi65(t), were present in 2-5 varieties. Five R-genes, Pit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21, and Pi40, were not detected in the Korean japonica rice varieties. A total of six varieties, two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, a medium flowering variety Gopum; and three early flowering varieties Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul; were resistant to blast nursery screening over 12 years. A variety of Gopum harbored alleles for Piz/Piz-t, and three early flowering varieties, Jopyeong, Haedamssal, and Haedeul, had extensive loci of the multiple-gene family Piz/Piz-t, Pi9, and Pi40 on chromosome 6. Two mid-late flowering varieties, Ilmi and Saeilmi, harbored the Pita-2 gene, and Gopum had Pita. In the japonica rice breeding program, an effective means for enhancing stable resistance to blast would be introduced to 2-3 R genes among resistance genes Pit, Pi5, Pi9, pi21 and Pi40 which were not identified in Korean japonica rice varieties, and resistance genes Pita/Pita-2, Piz-t/Piz-5, to 2-3 R genes among and Pi20 that showed stable resistance in monogenic IRBL lines.


Abstract A new design for breeding chambers and subsequent egg incubation for fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) is described. The new system has a stationary polyvinyl chloride pipe split lengthwise and lined inside with detachable netting. Nets with eggs can be removed, and new nets can be inserted without physical removal of the chamber. Eggs deposited on netting are easily oxygenated in this system and thus resist fungal attacks well.


Evaluations, benchmarks, and challenges are essential for scientific advancement of multimedia. A great challenge is still needed to capture imagination of the broader community and mark our progress in the multimedia field.


We present theoretical investigations of miniband structures and optical properties of InAs/GaAs one-dimensional quantum dot superlattices (1D-QDSLs). The calculation is based on the multi-band k·p theory, including the conduction and valence band mixing effects, the strain effect, and the piezoelectric effect; all three effects have periodic boundary conditions. We find that both the electronic and optical properties of the 1D-QDSLs show unique states which are different from those of well known single quantum dots (QDs) or quantum wires. We predict that the optical absorption spectra of the 1D-QDSLs strongly depend on the inter-dot spacing because of the inter-dot carrier coupling and changing strain states, which strongly influence the conduction and valence band potentials. The inter-miniband transitions form the absorption bands. Those absorption bands can be tuned from almost continuous (closely stacked QD case) to spike-like shape (almost isolated QD case) by changing the inter-dot spacing. The pol...


annual convention of the InternationalCommunication Association, Washington, D.C. May 24-28, 2001Ron Tamborini (Ph.D., Indiana University, 1983) is an Associate Professor ofCommunication at Michigan State University. Mathew Eastin is a Doctoral Candidate inthe Mass Media Ph.D. Program at Michigan State University. Kenneth Lachlan, PaulSkalski, Thomas Fediuk, and Robert Brady are Doctoral Students in the Department ofCommunication at Michigan State University.Please send all correspondence to Ron Tamborini. He can be reached by mail at 570Communication Arts and Sciences Bldg., Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824-1212; by phone at (517) 355-0178; or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com authors would like to thank Matt Stoner and Heather Newlin for their assistanceon this project.


Azolla rubra R. Br. (Azollaceae: Pteridophyta), a popular biofertilizer applied in inundated paddy fields propagate usually through vegetative fragmentation only. Induction of sporocarp development, callus, and indirect organogenesis were accomplished. Influence of various factors such as agar, light, phosaphate, sucrose and pH on in vitro growth of A. rubra were also studied. Half strength MS medium with 2.26 µM 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6.6 µM 6-Benzyl Amino Purine was found best for callus induction. The callus transferred onto medium having 6.6 µM BA underwent indirect organogenesis. Shoot tips cultured in light on medium having 2.26 µM 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6.6 µM 6-Benzyl Amino Purine with 0.8% agar and 3 % sucrose at pH 5.8 was found best for induction of callus.


The creativity in the teacher's profession can be revealed when the teaching behavior is approached as a production process with the teacher analyzed as a tool of wisdom and the carrier-on complicated tasks.


The paper deals with the rheological properties of epoxy resin additivated with organically modified montmorillonites, carbon nanotubes and nanocarbon. The paper also presents the influence of nanoadditives over composites mechanical properties. The epoxy polymer is diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and the curing agent is an aliphatic tetraamine. Organically modified montmorillonites Cloisite 30B and Cloisite 93A, MWCNTs and laser synthesized nanocarbon were used to synthesize nanocomposites by dispersing each in an epoxy resin. The dispersion was achieved through mechanical and sonic methods. The epoxy resin additivated with nanosized fillers was rheologically tested to study the dispersion influence. The sonic dispersion of nanoadditives is observed to drastically influence the rheological behavior of the suspensions. Newtonian fluid behavior disappears as the additive loading increases. The work mentions the influence of nanoadditives on the manufacturing process of epoxy /glass fibre and epoxy/ carbon fibre laminated composites.


750kV transmission line is cross-regional interconnection EHV transmission line,in 750kV transmission line parameter test,the phase parameter should be measured besides the normal order parameter,thus provides important data for transient voltage analysis and system modeling.The system and relay protection department of Qinghai Electric Power Test Research Institute has undertook the parameter test of 750kV Ningyue I and II transmission line,and the phase parameter of 750kV transmission line has been firstly measured.The paper introduces test method and analyzes test data of 750kV Ningyue I and II transmission line,and obtains correct phase parameter test method and measured data of 750kV transmission line,thus provides reference for succeeding 750kV transmission line phase parameter test.


In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 714-723, Dec. 08), there was an error in the pseudo-code for the incremental hypervolume by slicing objectives (IHSO) that might prevent its easy implementation. The corrected pseudo-code is presented here.


The smelting and processing method of SAE4137M for oil well drilling tool was introduced and the control points in the production process were analysed in this paper.The quality problems during producing and using such as:excessive non-metallic inclusion and residual elements out of limits,quenching crack,low QT property,etc.were discussed respectively.And then the solutions for the control of them were given at the end of this paper.


In Italy, the genus Medora H. et A. Adams, 1855 includes two species: M. italiana (Kuster, 1847) and M. dalmatina (Rossmassler, 1835). In particular, populations ascribed to M. italiana were, and still are, the focus of several works aiming at better understanding the real taxonomic value of these entities and defining their presence on the Italian territory. In order to contribute to the improvement of the current knowledge on the organization of the genus at different ta - xonomic levels, several populations were investigated by analysing 16S rDNA, COI and ITS2 gene partial sequences. Phylogenetic reconstructions were obtained by the Maximum Likeli - hood algorithm. Although further studies are needed, preliminary data suggest that the genus Medora shows a much more complex and articulate differentiation than hypothesized so far.


In recent years, ultrawide bandgap semiconductor materials represented by aluminum nitride (AlN) have attracted worldwide attention due to their excellent high-frequency power characteristics, stable high-temperature performance, low energy loss, and good ultraviolet (UV) transmittance. They have great application prospects in the fields of high-efficiency optoelectronic devices, high-power and high-frequency electronic devices, ultra-high voltage power electronic devices, deep UV warning and guidance, and deep UV-LED disinfection. The physical vapor transport (PVT) method has the advantages of a simple growth process, fast growth rate, and high crystal integrity, and has gradually become one of the most effective methods for growing bulk AlN crystals. This review systematically summarizes the latest research progress in AlN crystals grown by the PVT method in recent years, and introduces their applications in deep UV-LEDs, UV lasers and Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). Finally, the challenges and application prospects of AlN crystals are discussed. As an important new type of direct bandgap ultrawide bandgap semiconductor material, AlN crystals have shown extremely important strategic application value. The output power of deep UV-LED devices meets practical requirements, and high-power electronic power devices are still in the verification stage. From the perspective of material superiority, they have considerable development potential.


AIM: To evaluate the effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP)on lipid peroxidation of lung reperfusion injury in situ of rabbits . METHODS: Left lung ischemia was created by occluding left hilum. At the end of experment, lung tissue was excised for measurement of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase (GSHpx) activities by direct method of DTNB, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content by the barbituric acid method. Histolgic change of lung injury was assessed by quantitative method. RESULTS: The MDA content of left lung was increased and SOD, GSHpx activities decreased significantly in ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group) compared with sham group and ischemia alone group (P 0.01, respectively); Severe histologic injury also occurred in I/R group. There are lower MDA content and higher SOD and GSHpx activities with less lung injury in IP + I/R group than in I/R group (P 0.05). CONCLUSION Ischemic preconditioning attenuate lipid peroxidation induced by nomothermic ischemia reperfusion injury in rabbit lung.


TRAUMATIC INJURY AND IDENTITY: INCORPORATING TRAUMATIC EPISODES INTO THE LIFE STORY Abbey K. Valvano Marquette University, 2012 With an increasing number of traumatic injury survivors, a better understanding of post-trauma meaning-making processes is needed, including improvement in our understanding of post-trauma narrative reconstruction. This project aimed to identify emergent themes within the life story narratives of spinal cord injured veterans and to both generate and test hypotheses regarding how emergent themes related to an indicator of post-trauma wellness. Seven themes were revealed within two specific sections of the life story interview. Findings revealed that individuals who author their life narratives in such a way as to demonstrate altruism and generativity showed significantly higher wellness. Further, narratives with a greater mention of faith, as well as those with imagined futures reflecting a more affirming tone, tended to be authored by individuals with higher levels of wellness. Results help to further our understanding of how those who have been traumatically injured construct their post-injury identity and inform our understanding of resiliency in a traumatic injury population.


In trolling, the effect of a plate depressor on fish catch may be very serious and it is said that the movement of the plate depressor is the most important. In the present paper the catching efficiency with plate depressors was studied from the point of view of their colors. The colors used were white, yellow, silver, pale-blue, red and black. The results obtained are as follows: In the twelve fishing experiments the pale-blue plate depressor which had the best catch was 3 times as high as the mean catching rate of yellow one which showed the poorest catch. The pale-blue, black and white plate depressors which showed better results in the above experiments were repainted yellow, and the red, yellow and silver ones which had not been effective in hooking repainted pale-blue, so that the good results obtained before might be achieved again, influenced by the favourable movements of the plate depressors. The fishing experiments conducted again showed that pale-blue plate depressors had 1.7 times as many catch as the yellow ones.


In a previous study of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) strains in North African nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsies, we have found that the viral strain present was of A/F/W′‐I′/Xho1kept/H1‐H2 type, while the strain associated with Chinese NPC was the A/"f"/W′I′/Xho1lost/H type. Using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR‐RFLP methods, the present study analyzed the H1‐H2 variant in different clinical samples from Algeria, including the saliva of healthy EBV‐positive individuals and patients with NPC or Hodgkin's disease (HD), as well as HD biopsies and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) established from the oropharyngeal virus‐infected cells. Our results demonstrate that, in contrast to the H1‐H2 variant found in NPC biopsies, the H genotype was dominant in HD biopsies. Moreover, H genotype was also dominant in the oropharynx of healthy EBV‐positive individuals, of patients with NPC and with HD. Our results clearly indicate that in North Africa the EBV strain present of NPC biopsies is different from that shed in the oropharynx. This may suggest a specific distribution of the H1‐H2 variant in the NPC epithelial tumor, whereas the H genotype is dominant in HD biopsies and in the oropharynx. The specific association of both viral strains with these 2 distinct diseases in North Africa may reflect a difference in tumorigenicity. Int. J. Cancer 77:205–210, 1998.© 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A small angle incident X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) instrument was developed to perform high sensitivity analyses on silicon surfaces by reducing background noise. Silicon surfaces were treated by a new wet cleaning process based on ultra clean technology. Cleaning effectiveness for this process was determined by small angle incident XPS measurements and spectra analyses. At each cleaning step, no elements other than silicon, oxygen, and carbon atoms were detected. The thickness of the SiO 2 film formed during each step was evaluated. Based on the relative O 1s and Si 2p intensities, too much oxygen was found on the surface to attribute only to SiO 2 .


This research aims to produce charcoal briquettes from Canarium Sabulatum (Canarium Sabulatum: tapioca starch) at the ratio of 8:2 and from Xylia Xylocarpa at the ratio of 7:3 (Xylia Xylocarpa: tapioca starch). The method that is used in this research is a cold press process by using a screw extruder that is connected with a 3.5 horsepower electrical motor. The finished charcoal briquettes of this method are compared with another finished charcoal briquette that uses a different emulsifier by analysing thermal energy, amount of ashes, density, burning time, and a pattern of charcoal crackle. The analysis helps to determine which ingredients are the best for producing the best charcoal briquettes. The result found that the production of charcoal briquettes from Canarium Sabulatum and Xylia Xylocarpa in both ratios results in briquettes with smooth surface, is completely dry, and is firmly formed in a bar shape. The thermal energy analysis showed that the charcoal briquettes that were mixed at the ratio 8:2 has the maximum thermal energy at 25.917 MJ/kg and pass Thai Community Products Standards (TCPS 238/2547) which indicated that the thermal energy must not be less than 5,000 calories/gram or 20.920 MJ/kg . The density is also calculated and it was found that the charcoal briquettes from Xylia Xylocarpa at the ratio 7:3 has the best density at 735.74 kg/m3. It is similar to a previous research that stated the density of charcoal briquettes must not be more than 0.8 g/cm3 or 800 kg/cm3. In regard to the amount of ashes, it showed that the charcoal briquettes from Canarium Sabulatum and Xylia Xylocarpa in both recipes have more ashes than the previous research. The burning time showed that the charcoal briquettes from Canarium Sabulatum at the ratio of 8:2 has the most burning time which is 326 minutes and is similar to the previous research. The previous research stated that the burning time of the charcoals should last more than 60 minutes. The last analysis regarding the pattern of charcoal crackle showed that the charcoal briquettes from Canarium Sabulatum and Xylia Xylocarpa in both recipes have no crackle and good quality according to the Thai Community Products Standards (TCPS 238/2547).


Recently, the large-scale apartment buildings such as high-rise residential buildings are actively constructed. And these buildings are located on the main place. Therefore these buildings are cognized as the representative building in each local, because of the relative difference of scale and the location. These cognition factors can cause demand of the apartment buildings. Finally the concentration of purchasing demand causes rising of price of apartment building to have high cognition. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the value of cognition factors within an apartment housing.


We read with amazement and astonishment, the recent report by House et al .1 in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) suggesting that water-soluble B-vitamin supplementation with folic acid (2.5 mg/day), vitamin B(6) (25 mg/day) and vitamin B(12) (1 mg/day), versus matching placebo, accelerated diabetic nephropathy. Interestingly, it took the authors, recruiting from five different medical centers, as many as 6 long years to recruit only 238 participants, raising concerns about consistency of follow-up of the various participants scattered out among the five recruiting centers. Second, it is unclear whether a particular center contributed a preponderance of the participants thereby raising concerns about a single-center effect.2 Such details are now preferred to be available in reports of parallel-group randomized …


A Research Project submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree of Masters of Arts at the
Institute of Diplomacy and International Studies


The clustering methods have a good application in many aspects, in which the density peak (DP) clustering can effectively cluster similar neighboring pixels, so that the features can be extracted well for hyperspectral images (HSIs) classification. In this work, a density peak based covariance matrix (DPCM) method is proposed for HSIs classification, which not only can effectively extracts features, but also can reduce the within-class variations and the between-class interference. The proposed method consists of the following steps: first, maximum noise fraction (MNF) is employed on the original HSI to reduce the computational complexity and eliminate noise. Second, the local densities of sample is calculated by the DP clustering. Therefore, the density map can be obtained in which each pixel has a density value in the original image. Then, the covariance matrix between each density pixel in the density map is calculated. Last, the extracted covariance matrices are fed back to the support vector machine (SVM) based on the logarithm Euclidean kernel for label assignment. Experiments on the Indian pine data set show that this method is superior to other classification methods.


This experiment was carried out to identify genetic resources of chrysanthemum wild species and commercial cultivars that are resistant to white rust disease caused by Puccinia horiana. A total of 190 chrysanthemum accessions, composed of 11 accessions belonging to six wild species and 179 commercial cultivars, were screened for resistance to P. horiana isolates collected from Muan and Jeonju, the main production area of chrysanthemum in Korea. A total of 41 spray cultivars and three wild species (Chrysanthemum boreale, C. yoshinaganthum, and C. zawadskii) were identified as resistant. Nine standard and 28 spray cultivars with poorly developed chlorotic lesions and pustules on the leaves were moderate resistant. The remaining 18 standard, 83 spray cultivars and three wild species (Aster spathulifolius, C. indicum, and C. pacificum) were highly susceptible. The use of resistant cultivars is one of the most efficient approaches for overcoming white rust disease in chrysanthemum cultivation. Therefore, these genetic resources can be used in crossbreeding programs for developing white rust resistant chrysanthemum cultivars.


This paper describes experiences in evaluating and selecting integrated development environments for large enterprises. In the past, development environments were typicall y selected to support inhouse, " green-field" development, for mostly homogenous target architectures. Today, it is common to find that the development environment must support an outsourced development approach, targeted to a heterogeneous, service-based architecture. Other current factors include the desire to utili ze common open source tools and to leverage legacy tool investments, alongside new COTS solutions. As these technical factors are key drivers for an evaluation, this paper will also emphasize that politi cal factors can be just as important to success.


The initial optical performance of silvered polymer mirrors exceeds the long-range goals for heliostat applications. Durability studies of silvered polymer mirrors use accelerated weathering devices and outdoor exposures. Continuing tests of outdoor exposures show that silvered polymer mirrors can maintain specular reflectances greater than 90% into an acceptance angle of 4 mrad for over 1 year. Materials placed in tests earlier, while the initial optical performance was still being improved, show that silver corrosion is resisted for at least 3 years and that the reflectance can be maintained at a specularity of at least 12 mrad. The polymer films do not resist abrasion as well as glass; however, hard-coats applied as a top-coat to the polymer significantly improve abrasion resistance. Ongoing durability studies of the hard-coated mirrors show that optical performance is maintained outdoors for at least 13 months.


The purpose of the cluster analysis is to find groups of objects with similar characteristics. Different methods are already developed. In the current research work a CLIQUE: Clustering in quest algorithm is investigated. The presented method combines subspace grid-based and density-based techniques to determine clusters of objects. Generalized net of cluster analysis using CLIQUE: Clustering in quest algorithm is constructed. The presented Generalized net can be used for description and monitoring the parallel processes in the cluster analysis.


In the experiment of plasma jets generated in a tube dielectric barrier discharge configuration, three distinguishable modes, namely, laminar, transition, and turbulent jet modes, have been identified. Flows of helium, neon, and argon gases shared the hydrodynamic law when their plasma jets spraying into ambient air of atmospheric pressure and room temperature. Aiming to reveal the basic processes, we propose that plasma jet length is mainly determined by reactions involving metastable atoms. These processes are responsible for the variation in plasma jet length versus gas flow rate and working gas species. To investigate this proposal in detail, we have obtained three significant experimental results, i.e., (1) the plasma jet lengths of helium, neon, and argon are different; (2) the plasma jet length of krypton slightly changes with gas flow rate, with three modes indistinguishable; and (3) there are large differences between optical emission spectra of helium, neon, argon, and krypton flow gases. These ...


It is difficult to detect X-ray emission associated with galaxies in rich clusters, because the X-ray images of the clusters are dominated by the emission from their hot intracluster media (ICM). Only the nearby Virgo cluster provides us with information about the X-ray properties of galaxies in clusters. Here we report on the analysis of a deep ROSAT HRI image of the moderately rich cluster Abell 2634, by which we have been able to detect the X-ray emission from the galaxies in the cluster. The ICM of Abell 2634 is an order of magnitude denser than that of the Virgo cluster, and so this analysis allows us to explore the X-ray properties of individual galaxies in the richest environment yet explored.

By stacking the X-ray images of the galaxies together, we show that the emission from the galaxies appears to be marginally resolved by the HRI. This extent is smaller than for galaxies in poorer environments, and is comparable to the size of the galaxies in optical light. These facts suggest that the detected X-ray emission originates from the stellar populations of the galaxies, rather than from extended hot interstellar media. Support for this hypothesis comes from placing the optical and X-ray luminosities of these galaxies in the LB–LX plane: the galaxies of Abell 2634 lie in the region of this plane where models indicate that all the X-ray emission can be explained by the usual population of X-ray binaries. It is therefore probable that ram pressure stripping has removed the hot gas component from these galaxies.


Due to the difficulty of calculating switching angles,the values of the angles are achieved by using the curve fitting technique(CFT) and programs of Matlab.Cascaded multilevel inverter is adopted in the structure of the main circuit.This design can implement the multiple-phase shifting and meet the need of using the high voltage and large power equipments.A method to selected harmonic elimination(SHE) choosing initial values is presented in a three-phase full-bridge voltage source inverter.The model of the SHEPWM and the results are given.And the online real-time control of SHE is realized.The simulation and experimental results are separately done by Matlab and DSP.So the rationality of the design is verified.


Election is a flower of democracy and democratic citizens are the right act to determine their representatives. In most representative democracies today, elections are one of the institutions that realize national sovereignty and serve as a fundamental element of democracy. Recently Korean election culture has been improved by the strict application of the election law and the improvement of voters' consciousness. With the revision of the electoral law in 2004, electoral campaigns were introduced to reduce the number of offline election campaigns and to strengthen the online media campaign. But there are still problems to be improved on election broadcasting. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of the debate on TV election broadcasting and to explore the possibility of the development of the election debate from the viewpoint of the administration based on the current status and influence of the current election broadcast news and TV debate, The problems of TV debate in Korea will be discussed Received (April 20, 2017), Review Result (May 8, 2017) Accepted (May 15, 2017), Published (July 31, 2017) 1 430-742 Dept. of International Development & Cooperation, SungKyul Univ., Anyang8-dong, Manan-gu, Anyang-city, Korea email: firstname.lastname@example.com A Establishment Plan of Election Broadcasting Debate for Policy Verification and Establishment of Fair Election Culture Copyright c 2017 HSST 774 and future directions for improvement will be discussed. It is necessary to discuss various methods and procedures for resolving election laws and problems that will provide good election broadcasting debate for voters.


The Swedish memory is often strong about things that happened during the Second World War where the Atlantic Wall is often an remembered example. But many parts of our own history surrounding this ...


Ab s t r Ac t Aim: The traditional medicinal practice in India includes different aspects of health such as prevention, promotion, and healing. Since there is need for documenting this traditional medicinal practice prevalent in different parts of the country for the preservation of the knowledge, the present study was undertaken to record the traditional knowledge of medicine from Yadgir district of Karnataka. Materials and methods: A Medico-Ethno Botanical survey was undertaken in the Yadgir district of Karnataka between September and December 2017. Data were collected from traditional healers and locals by means of personal interviews using a prescribed format. Results: A total of 20 folk claims used for the treatment of 16 different disease conditions were recorded. The remedies were mostly prepared in the form of decoction, paste, poultice, juice, etc. and were mainly taken orally. Eczema, paralysis, toothache, wound obesity, diabetes, fever, jaundice, fracture, cough, anemia etc. are some of the diseases usually treated by traditional practitioners. Only single ingredient was used in 16 documented claims whereas remaining 4 are compound preparations having more than one ingredient. It is observed that, most of the medicinal plants are used in fresh form, after collecting from their natural habitat whenever necessary. Conclusion: Since the documentation of traditional knowledge on medicinal uses of plants is vital for the future generation, this study could serve an important role in fulfilling this purpose. Clinical significance: The documented data can also serve as a base for the development of new medicines by scientific studies.


Patients with atypical features of a common disease often pose diagnostic challenges, as they may have two distinct disease entities, a rare manifestation of the common illness, or even a new syndrome. We describe a case of a 30-year-old woman with what we feel was a rare acute presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with hypereosinophilia, acalculous cholecystitis and biopsy proven eosinophilic vasculitis affecting the kidney, responding successfully to immunomodulatory therapy to date.


The chemical components,phase components,micro-structure and various physical-chemical properties of soda residue are analyzed.A lot of safety tests are prepared,such as determination of extractives of soda residue and asphalt concrete containing soda residue as filler,to block out the high content of Cl~in soda residue.Meanwhile,stearic acid,twelve-alkyl benzene sulphur sodium and asphalt are used as modifying agent to enhance the dispersion of soda residue in asphalt.Many tests related to macro-properties of the asphalt binder and asphalt mixture have been done in this project,which indicate that soda residue meets the criterion of asphalt filler.Soda residue is safe to environment and can improve the stability of asphalt concrete at high working temperature and in terms of anti-stripping performance.


This book presents the results of a major project carried out by a team from the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and the 14th Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities at Lamia offering a complete picture of what Epicnemidian Locris was like in the past.


There are various ways of popularizing educational literature, such as drawing up lists of recommended literature on the upbringing of children, organizing book exhibits and a display of bibliographical posters, arranging for reviews of new pedagogical literature (scientific and fiction), and sponsoring readers' conferences.


The correlation between the modulus of elas- ticity, on the one side, and Vickers microhardness and total microhardness, on the other side, was analyzed in the case of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylenes. An extension of the application of the power relation between microhard- ness and the modulus (MH aE b ) obtained by different methods was suggested. A linear dependence between con- stants obtained by Vickers and total microhardness mea-


Outlines the motion to be put forward at the 2007 AGM for the restructuring of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine (ANZSNM).


Objective To investigate the expressions of surface markers on CD4+ T lymphocyte and the possibility of these being used as diagnostic evidences for neonatal bacterial infection. Methods Cordblood samples from 19 healthy terms as controls and peripheral blood samples from 17 terms at the age of ( 14.43±7.91)d with bacterial infection were collected for analyzing CD25, CD122 , CD132 of IL -2R and CD154 by whole blood method with flow cytometry (FCM). Results The lower levels of expression of α chain [ CD25: ( 3. 84±3. 61 ) % ] , (3 chain [ CD122: ( 0. 74±0. 53 ) % ] ,βchain
[CD132: ( 12.70±8.54% ) ] of IL-2R and CD154[ (1. 08±1. 04) %] on lymphocytes were noticed in the normal samples. Meanwhile the up - regulation of CD25 [ (9. 89±9. 66)% ] , CD122 [ (5. 79±11. 14)% ]and CD132 [ (21. 78±11. 34) % ] of IL -2R and CD154[ (6.69±7.87)% ] on CD4+ T cell was observed in 17 neonates in their early stage of infection, significantly higher than that in controls (P all 0. 05). No significant changes in the expression of the surface markers on lymphocytes were found in infected samples after anti - infection therapies. Conclusion The Up - expressions of CD25, CD122, CD132 of IL -2R and CD154 on lymphocytes in infected neonates suggest that IL -2R and CD154 expression on CD4+ T lymphocytes may be used as diagnostic evidences for neonatal bacterial infection.


Introduction - James A Caporaso The State in an Era of Cascading Politics - James N Rosenau Wavering Concept, Widening Competence, Withering Colossus, or Weathering Change? War, Revolution, and the Growth of the Coercive State - Ted Robert Gurr Sovereignty - Stephen D Krasner An Institutional Perspective Radicals and the State - Gregg O Kvistad The Political Demands on West German Civil Servants Tactical Advantages Versus Administrative Heterogeneity - David Wilsford the Strengths and the Limits of the French State Minding the State -- Or a State of Mind - Bert A Rockman Issues in the Comparative Conceptualization of the State State, Local State, Context and Spatiality - Andrew Kirby a Reappraisal of State Theory Sovereignty in Historical Perspective - Janice E Thomson The Evolution of State Control Over Extraterritorial Violence China - Jeremy Paltiel Mexicanization or Reform?


In previous work an "inversion formula" has been derived which expresses a function of two variables (such as the distribution of x-ray attenuation coefficients in a cross-section) in terms of its integrals along lines diverging from a point which moves around a circle. This inversion formula provides the same kindof theoretical background to divergent beam data collection that Radon's theorem provides for parallel beam data collection. This formula is important, since rapid data collection in tomographic devices currently implies divergent beam data collection. For practical implementation the formula needs to be "regularized".In the present paper a theorem is presented and is used for showing the appropriateness of a wide class of functions for the regularization of the inversion formula for divergent beams. Each of these functions is based on a filter and leads to an efficient convolution type numerical implementation. A number of filters are investigated in detail, and their behavior in reconstructing...


We investigated the influence of process parameters in electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (ECR-PECVD) of silicon nitride on the intrinsic stress of thin SiNx films and on their composition, to obtain SiNx films suitable for micromechanical applications. The silane-to-nitrogen gas flow ratio R, along with the addition of helium to the gas mixture, was found to be a critical parameter for the tuning of intrinsic stress in ECR-PECVD SiNx films, from compressive to tensile stress within a large window of R from 0.3 to 0.7, with a maximum related to the largest Si–N bond density in the film.


Minerals formed in fractures and veins by intermittent fracture reactivation and fluid migration constitute archives of the tectonic evolution of Precambrian cratons. These mineralogical records feature complex intergrowth patterns of fine-grained vein generations and discrete mineral zonations that are difficult to target by bulk dating methods. Instead, absolute ages of mineralization events can be constrained by applying in situ Rb-Sr dating via triple quadrupole laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) on veins and single fracture crystal growth zones [1, 2]. We utilize in situ Rb-Sr dating of a wide range of coeval K-and Ca-rich mineral assemblages to distinguish discrete vein generations at three Paleoproterozoic crystalline bedrock sites in Sweden, separated by over 300 km. The resulting age clusters link veining and fracturing to tectonic events affecting the Fennoscandian Shield up to a billions years apart. Coupled textural and structural analysis and in situ dating of grain growth zones anchors veins and fracture-hosted mineral precipitation to fluid migration fracture reactivation episodes across the Fennoscandian Shield, enabling reconstruction of far-field orogenic activity and foreland basin evolution. This new approach for resolving geological histories of Precambrian cratons connects micro-scale age determinations of individual grains and veins with regional-scale crustal dynamic responses to tectonic events. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the advancing applicability of the in situ Rb-Sr LA-ICP-MS/MS dating method for tracing hydrothermal systems.


Along with the intracrustal heat source, crustal permeability is considered as the controlling factor for hydrothermal circulation within zero‐age oceanic crust. To obtain fine‐scale, 2‐D models of upper crustal permeability along the East Pacific Rise 9°50′N, known for prolific hydrothermal activity, we use recently derived high‐resolution seismic velocity and examine a number of the existing velocity‐permeability relationships. To constrain our preferred permeability model, we compare thus derived permeability models with collocated permeability estimates from poroelastic response to tidal loading at L‐vent. Furthermore, using the preferred permeability result, we model hydrothermal convection in 2‐D and find that the distributions of recharge and discharge zones are in good agreement with seafloor observations, including locations of the vent fields. Our results suggest that seismic velocities can be used as a tool for deriving spatial variation of permeability, which must be considered in modeling of hydrothermal flow.


To improve the resource utilization,the task resource requirement features of processor,network,disk and so on were efficiently estimated through analyzing the way of the task request,measuring the performance of application program in task or simulating to run the task.Afterwards,according to the features of resource requirement,the tasks could be classified into processor bound task,communicate bound task,disk bound task and others.And then the classified tasks were integrated with specific virtual machines to make all kinds of resources to be used efficiently.The research shows that the method can classify the task efficiently.And compared to unclassified method,it can reduce the times of virtual machines migration or integration.


In this work were studied options for immobilization of polymer chains and coils of the hyaluronan sodium (HA) on atomic flat mica surface by atomic force mikroskopy - AFM. Observed parameters were these: molecular weight of used polymer, concentration of polymer solution, surface charge of mica, deposition time on mica surface, continuality of individual process steps. From results included that so with optimal condition setup of individual parameters of solution and properties of surface is possible to prepare different structures of polymer monolayers on mica surface. These layers contain interconnected network of aggregated balls and chains, mainly at higher concentrations of polymer solution.


Abstract Intercalation of the heteroaromatic π-donors tetraselenafulvalene (TSF) and tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) into the layered host FeOCl results in new low-dimensional materials of stoichiometry FeOCl(TSF)1/8.5 and FeOCl(TMTSF)1/10. Powder x-ray diffracton data and FTIR spectra indicate that in each case the guest molecules are oriented perpendicular to the host layers and are present as the radical cations within the host galleries. Four-probe conductivity measurements show a 104 and 103-fold increase (for the TSF and TMTSF intercalates, respectively) in electrical conductivity over that of pristine FeOCl, although both FeOCl(TSF)1/8.5 and FeOCl(TMTSF)1/10 remain semiconductors.


with the advent of CMMI in the late 1990s, software companies tried to use a kind of score to rank themselves in the market. Being a CMMI level five company for a long time represented the epitome of highly qualified company. This phenomenon is also emerging in the agile software development with the emergence of methods such as Nokia or comparative test agility. This paper presents an analysis of how these methods are placed in the context of agile software development and its contribution to the improvement of software process in the same context from a case study developed in real companies.


The programming curriculum is a fundamental and core in computer science.It is responsible for introducing and interesting the students into the major curriculum.It is very important to studying the successive curriculum.The Object-first Curriculum Content Architecture is established for bringing up the applied person with ability enhancing the ability of solving problem and tracing the front of the computer science.In theory teaching the problem-driven teaching method is used for stimulating the self-determination studying of students.The framework of lab course including preparations,basic labs and higher labs is designed and combined with E-learning platform to training the ability of programming design.It can constrain students finishing the certain quantity works.The curriculum design is mainly stage in programming teaching.The free exerting,self-determination,checking loosely and scientific studying curriculum practice method is adopt for bringing up the creative ability and team collaboration spirit.It is deeply known that integrating the theory teach,lab practice and curriculum design by e-learning platform is the root of teaching innovation.


Some aspects of parliamentary ethics: imperative and free mandate of a deputy. Annotation: the article studies the concepts of imperative, free mandate of a deputy and some aspects of parliamentary ethics. It compares imperative mandate of a soviet deputy with free mandate of a modern parliamentarian. Certain similarities and peculiarities of these categories are fixed in the work


The recreation was a strategy to promote the values and habits in American society since it served to promote in schools different recreational activities for the child to feel motivated at your leisure and entertainment , also develop recreational projects for social groups engaged in different activities that will better integral development of the young child and recreation adulto.La was a targeted strategy to promote the values and habits in American society since it served to promote in schools different recreational activities for the child feel motivated at your leisure and entertainment , also develop recreational projects for social groups engaged in different activities that will better integral development of the young adult child .


A fertilizer for improving soil, increasing resistance of soil, detoxicating soil, preventing and eliminating diseases and pests and raising yield of crops is prepared from powdered shell as main rawmaterial, anhydrous magnesium sulfate or light-burnt powder, humic acid, calcium nitrate, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, borax, monoammonium phosphate and ferrous sulfate or sulfurand pyrite through proportional mixing.


4 Objective: To investigate which orthosis results in: 1) the least complications; 2) the least 5 extensor lag; 3) the highest rates of treatment success according to the Abouna and Brown 6 criteria for soft tissue mallet injury in adults. 7 Data Sources: Electronic databases AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, 8 OTseeker and PEDro were searched from the earliest available until September 2014. 9 Study Selection: Controlled trials evaluating orthosis type in conservative management of 10 mallet injury were included. Database searching yielded 1024 potential studies, of which 7 11 met inclusion criteria with a total of 491 participants. 12 Data Extraction: Data was extracted using an author designed extraction form by 1 reviewer 13 and the accuracy assessed by a second reviewer. The PEDro scale was used to assess 14 methodological quality. 15 Data Synthesis: Results were pooled using a random-effects model with inverse variance 16 methods. Dichotomous outcomes are expressed as Risk Ratios (RR) and 95% confidence 17 intervals (95%CI) and continuous outcomes as standardised mean differences (SMD) and 18 95%CI. There is moderate quality evidence that prefabricated orthoses had 3 times the risk of 19 skin complications when compared to all other orthoses (RR 3.17, 95% CI 1.19 to 8.43, I2 20 47%) and nearly 7 times the risk of skin complications when compared to custom 21 thermoplastic orthoses (RR 6.72, 95% CI 1.59 to 28.46, I2 0%). Treatment outcomes were 22 similar for treatment success when comparing prefabricated orthoses to custom orthoses (RR 23 M AN US CR IP T AC CE PT ED ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 0.99, 95%CI 0.80 to 1.22, I2 39%, very low quality evidence), and for extensor lag when 24 comparing custom thermoplastic orthoses to other orthoses (SMD 0.03, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.36, 25 I2 0%, moderate quality evidence). 26 Conclusions: The prefabricated orthoses were found to increase the risk of developing skin 27 complications compared with custom orthoses but there were no differences in treatment 28 success, failure or extensor lag. 29 PROSPERO Database Registration Number: CRD42014014154 30


Throughput of dynamic frame slotted ALOHA (DFSA) in radio frequency identification (RFID) systems depends on the tags quantity estimate. This paper shows how to apply the slot-by-slot (SbS) estimate approach, along with the policy for the early frame-break. Simulation results show noticeable throughput improvements.


Abstract : This report presents engineering material properties for ZE41A and AZ91C magnesium developed from a coupon test program. Static, fatigue bending, and fatigue crack propagation characteristics for welded and non-welded magnesium are presented in this document.


Methodological advance in reconstructing the structure of a complex dynamical network have enabled increasingly intricate comprehension of its evolutionary mechanisms and functional behaviors. However, we are often involved in such a situation that only a limited number of observations can be collected and the network structures are completely unknown and continuously time-varying and state-dependent. Few studies have been involved in reconstructing the continuously varying topologies of networks in time intervals via limited discrete observations. We develop a new way to reconstruct the structures of continuously time-varying and state-dependent networks by reconstructing the Taylor expansion coefficients of couplings. The alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm is applied to solve the reconstruction problem by integrating each component's information of a high-dimensional node. The robustness analysis of our method shows that the structure reconstruction under noisy observations and outliers approximates the one under accurate observations as nodal dimension increases. Different from the existing works, the advantage of our method lies in two aspects. First, the ability to reconstruct network structures via one-time dynamical evolution. Second, instead of reconstructing structures at discrete time points, we obtain the continuously varying structures in continuous time intervals. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the feasibility, effectiveness, and robustness of the reconstruction scheme.


Despite its prevalence in low-income populations, there has been little attention paid to how maternal depression influences mother-child conversations about emotions and low-income preschool children's developing emotion understanding. The importance of a secure attachment as a positive influence on emotion understanding has also been infrequently studied in lower-income families. This longitudinal study examined attachment security and maternal depression when children were age 2 as predictors of mother-child references to emotion in conversations, and children's emotion understanding when children were three. Maternal depression at age 2, but not at age 3, showed a direct, negative relation to children's emotion understanding at age 3, independent of mother-child references to emotion and attachment security. More securely attached dyads made more references to emotion in conversation, which, in turn, promoted children's emotion understanding. It was concluded that secure attachment relationships support children's emotion understanding by promoting mother-child discussion of emotions, while emotion understanding in preschoolers is directly impaired by maternal depression.


Late infantile GM1 gangliosidosis is an extremely rare metabolic disorder with clinical features of seizure and progressive motor and mental retardation without facial dysmorphism or visceral organomegaly. We report the CT and MR imaging findings in one infant, which included abnormalities of the cerebral cortex, white matter, and deep nuclei. GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease characterized by a deficiency in the activity of lysosomal ␤-galactosidase, which results in increased accumulation of GM1 ganglioside and asialo-GA1 in the brain and of oligosaccharide in the visceral organs (1, 2). Patients with infantile GM1 gangliosidosis usually have dysmorphic facial features, motor and mental retardation, seizures, and hepatosplenomegaly (2). The late infantile form of this disorder is extremely rare and has no clinical features of facial dysmor-phism or visceral organomegaly (1). An 11-month-old girl, the product of an uncomplicated full-term pregnancy, presented with complex febrile convulsion during an episode of upper respiratory infection. Physical examination at first admission showed a hypotonic infant with macrocephaly (Ͼ97 percentile), normal facial features, and psychomotor retardation. Hyperactive reflexes and augmented startle response to noise were present. The abdomen was soft without hepatosplenomegaly. Examination of the eyes revealed a normal clear lens, dilatation of the pupil without light reflex in the right eye, and mild dilatation of the pupil with sluggish light reflex in the left eye. Fundoscopy showed no cherry-red spots at the maculae. Deficient ␤-galactosidase activity and normal hexosaminidase, and glucosidase activity on lysosomal enzyme assay in cultured skin fibroblasts were documented at the patient's second admission 3 months later for clonic-tonic seizures during another episode of acute upper respiratory infection. Radiologic investigation included chest radiography (also covering the abdomen), CT, and MR imaging, all of which were done on initial admission and again at follow-up. A bone survey was not performed owing to unremarkable somatic manifestations. A CT scan of the brain at age 11 months showed increased attenuation of the bilateral thalami (Fig 1A). MR examinations at 11 and 14 months of age showed hyperintensity of the thalami on T1-weighted images (Fig 1B) whereas, on T2-weighted images, the signal intensity of the thalami was decreased (Fig 1C). The white matter myelination was markedly delayed, with only the splenium of the corpus callosum being myelinated and no interval improvement in myelination noted at the second MR study (Fig 1D). Discussion GM1 gangliosidosis is a rare inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency …


0. Sometime after 1750 and before 1852 Onondaga, a Northern Iroquoian (NI) language of the Five Nations subgroup, lost the resonant *r, one of four resonants (w, y, n, r) that can be reconstructed for Proto-Northern-Iroquoian (PNI). The phoneme is retained as r in Tuscarora, the most divergent of the still extant languages of the family, and in certain environments in Wyandot (only recently extinct) which belongs to the Huron-Wyandot subgroup, a branch that is intermediate between


Let b be a code of length n over a field F, with automorphism group G; b/sub w/ denotes the subset of codewords of weight w. The goal is to classify the vectors of F/sup n/ into orbits under G and to determine their distances from the various subcodes b/sub w/. This is done for the first-order Reed-Muller, Nordstrom-Robinson, and Hamming codes of length 16, the Golay and shortened Golay codes of lengths 22, 23, 24, and the ternary Golay code of length 12. >


Reactions of oxygen atoms with CO2 molecules to give a species identified as CO3 have been observed in three systems: (1) the photolysis of solid CO2 at 77°K with vacuum‐ultraviolet light from a xenon resonance lamp; (2) the photolysis of O3 in a CO2 matrix at 50°—60°K with 2537‐A light from a mercury arc; and (3) the radio‐frequency discharge of CO2 gas followed by trapping of products at 50°—70°K. The infrared spectrum of the species includes absorptions at 568, 593, 972, 1073, 1880, 2045, 3105, and 3922 cm−1. Isotopic studies using CO2 enriched with 18O or 13C show that the molecular formula is CO3 and provide a basis for determining the molecular structure. Frequency assignments and isotopic product‐rule calculations favor a planar C2v molecule in which the carbon atom is bonded to the unique oxygen atom by a strong carbonyl bond and to two equivalent oxygen atoms by weaker bonds. There is presumably covalent bonding between the two equivalent oxygen atoms. In the proposed frequency assignment it is a...


Highly nonlinear quasielectrostatic waves in a strongly magnetized waveguide are examined. It is shown that the bounded plasma geometry substantially alters the plasma wave properties. 10 refs., 3 figs.


Conversion of methanol to olefins (MTO) is an important non-oil alternative route for ethylene and propylene production, which has been industrialized based on a fluidized-bed process with a small-...


We characterized subcortical insect assemblages in economically important eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) plantations in the southeastern U.S.A. Furthermore, we compared insect responses between freshly‐cut plant material by placing traps directly over cut hardwood logs (trap‐logs), traps baited with ethanol lures and unbaited (control) traps. We captured a total of 15 506 insects representing 127 species in four families in 2011 and 2013. Approximately 9% and 62% of total species and individuals, respectively, and 23% and 79% of total Scolytinae species and individuals, respectively, were non‐native to North America. We captured more Scolytinae using cottonwood trap‐logs compared with control traps in both years, although this was the case with sycamore and sweetgum only in 2013. More woodborers were captured using cottonwood and sweetgum trap‐logs compared with control traps in both years, although only with sycamore in 2013. Ethanol was an effective lure for capturing non‐native Scolytinae; however, not all non‐native species were captured using ethanol lures. Ambrosiophilus atratus (Eichhoff) and Hypothenemus crudiae (Panzer) were captured with both trap‐logs and control traps, whereas Coccotrypes distinctus (Motschulsky) and Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff were only captured on trap‐logs. Indicator species analysis revealed that certain scolytines [e.g. Cnestus mutilatus (Blandford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky)] showed significant associations with trap‐logs or ethanol baits in poplar or sweetgum trap‐logs. In general, the species composition of subcortical insects, especially woodboring insects, was distinct among the three tree species and between those associated with trap‐logs and control traps.


Research into the use of eco-friendly materials, such as natural fibers, in brake pads has gained momentum in the last few decades. This can be attributed to the potential of natural fibers to replace traditional materials in tribological applications such as braking pads. The harmful impact of the commonly-used brake pad materials, such as metal and mineral fibers, on human health and the environment necessitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives. Natural fibers, such as banana peels, palm kernels, and palm slag, have been shown to be a viable replacement for traditional brake pad materials. This article reviews the literature on the use of different natural fibers in brake pads and their impact on the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties. Trends for density, porosity, hardness, coefficient of friction (COF), and wear rate are observed. The recommended formulations to yield the optimum properties, according to the perspective of several studies, are showcased. In addition, the effect of asbestos material and natural fibers on life-cycle assessment and CO2 emission is highlighted. This article is an attempt to provide a foundation for future researchers in the field of natural fiber-reinforced composites for brake pad applications.


The densities of undrawn and drawn nylon filaments (6-6 Nylon) are found to be 1.1339 and 1.1384, respectively, at 25°C. Annealing either the drawn or undrawn forms to the highest temperature possible short of melting increases the room temperature density to 1.1564, the most rapid increase in density with temperatures annealing coming at 210°C. The temperature coefficient of the density as measured at room temperature is greater for the drawn form of the nylon than the undrawn after annealing has taken place. The density of nylon calculated by Bunn and Garner from x-ray diagram data is 1.24, considerably higher than the highest value obtained by us on annealing, namely 1.156.


1. Evidence has been presented in favor of the view that Hemidactylium attains sexual maturity near the end of its third season of life, i.e., when it is approximately two and a third years old. 2. Juveniles in their first autumn can be recognized by their small size (about 26 to 41 millimeters of total length) and by their short tails (less than the length of the body measured to the posterior insertion of the hind leg). There is practically no difference in length between the sexes at this age, but the mean for the females is slightly, perhaps significantly, greater than that for the males. 3. Juveniles in their second autumn are distinctly longer than the yearlings, but as a group they overlap in length the shorter portion of the adult group. The females average about four millimeters longer than the males. The relative length of the tail is not significantly different between the sexes at this age. It is distinctly different, however, from that of the yearlings, for it is nearly always longer than the body. 4. The adults are, of course, larger than the juveniles, except for some overlapping. The females are longer by 91/2 millimeters, on the average, than the males, and, when bearing eggs, have distinctly wider abdomens. The males have relatively longer tails than the females, and are recognizable otherwise by differences in the shape of the head. 5. There is some evidence that differences in local conditions may have a decided influence on the sizes attained by the different populations


This paper is based upon data obtained by E. B. Forbes and associates in a series of 60 mineral and nitrogen balances with milch cows at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station, the main results having been published in Ohio bulletins Nos. 295, 308, 330 and 363, in the years 1916-1922. 3 In these experiments the determination of the nitrogen balances was incidental to the project of investigation of the mineral metabolism, and in the above mentioned publications little use was made of the nitrogen balances, except for general confirmatory purposes in connection with the balances of the other elements studied, especially sulphur, calcium, and phosphorus. Especial reasons for conservatism in the interpretation of this extensive series of nitrogen balances lay in the well-known adaptability of animals to different planes of protein intake, the extensive possible use of protein for energy production, and the slowness with which final effects of a particular level of protein consumption are attained. Having refrained from attempts to use these nitrogen balances in a critical manner as the experiments have been worked up, one at a time, we have now undertaken to derive from the accumulated data average figures for efficiency of utilization of protein as indications of the proportion of the protein of the feed


Chung Li-ho's "Lishan Farm" originated in the Peking Period in the 40s, and was completed in Taiwan in the 50s. The story took place in the Japanese Occupation Period in the 30s. Chung suffered the most drastic catastrophe of his life as he was completing the novel, yet he used an Utopian writing style as a way to deal with his life dilemma, and to manage the conflicts between the external social ethics/political orders and oneself. This paper adopts the Utopian vision in exploring Chung's works, and makes his discourse more meaningful in dialogues.


THERE IS NOT A SINGLE AREA of modern society which does not have its clinics. But even if one were alone in pointing to the danger spots of our civilization, the very sensing of a drift in human values in a particular direction should have a bearing upon the reactions of thinking people. For the enduring power of any society is after all in its human values: whatever happens to them is the key to the future of every other aspect of the culture. The ubiquitous clinics of our society point to a problem of action, a problem which has to do with nothing less than the permanence of the industrial culture. This statement of issues differs, of course, in many important ways from that of a number of writers on industrialism. One would expect it to contrast sharply with that of the fanatics of industrialism who think in terms of continuing technological expansion, or of stream-lined markets, or of human ingenuity, or of some other phrase which belongs to the golden days of classic industrialism. One would not expect this statement to diverge widely, however, from that of the socialist movement. For socialists of all fifty-seven varieties speak ominously of the collapse of "the system" and of its replacement by a "new order." But their "new order," whether communist, nationalist or gradualist, involves little change in the basic structure of massed mechanization; in fact, that structure is assumed: the changes, if any, are political and imposed upon it. Thus, Marxian socialism states its case very largely in terms of individual income distribution,


Overall, this paper examines and finds the relation between the ratio of accounting treatment for capitalization of research and development expenditure (RCR&D). The theoretical model derived from panel analysis resource on Korean defense industry information from 2009 to 2014 indicates that the RCR&D positively affect earnings management direction through a significantly positive relationship. Also, the effect of large defense industry firms' RCR&D on earnings management direction is higher than that of small ones despite that large defense industry firms have discretionary accruals in (-) direction compared with small ones. In addition, the effect of defense industry firms' RCR&D on earnings management direction is strong especially in earnings increasing group. Also the change of RCR&D is positive influence on discretionary accruals. This enforces that RCR&D can be related with earnings management direction.


We study properties of contiguity distance between simplicial maps. In particular, we show that simplicial versions of $LS$-category and topological complexity are particular cases of this more general notion.


Tire vibration frequency components of left-hand and right-hand tires are derived from wheel speed signals while a vehicle is traveling. A noise frequency component is detected based on a correlation between the vibration frequency components of the left-hand and right-hand tires, and the noise frequency component is reduced relative to the vibration frequency component. Thereafter, resonance frequencies of each tire are detected using the vibration frequency component from which the noise frequency component is reduced, and tire air pressures are detected on the basis of the resonance frequencies.


This research investigates knowledge discovery from business process execution data to support workforce analytics and improve business process management. It presents a set of novel data-driven methods to systematically construct and analyze organizational models, which can be utilized for guiding organizational structure design and staff deployment toward process improvement. The usefulness of the proposed methods was evaluated through experiments using public datasets from five real-world organizations across three business domains.


The mechanism of the transacylation reaction of methyl acetate with methoxide has been explored using density functional theory (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) and PCM−UAKS solvation models. The conformations of all of the transition states and intermediates are strongly influenced by the anomeric effect. The conformations of phosphonates were computed and analyzed. The bound inhibitors obtained from X-ray crystallographic structures of lipases and esterases adopt a few specific conformations. The conformers of the transition states and intermediates in transacylations are compared to the conformations of the phosphonate inhibitors. Although the energy differences are small, the frequency of the occurrence of the phosphonate conformers in crystal structures is more closely related to the relative energies of free phosphonate conformers than to the relative energies of acylation transition states.


Micro-electronic-based technologies will have profound effects on the relationships between people, machines, work, and productivity. Present policies towards them, however, place an overwhelming emphasis on technological and economic considerations. An "innovation approach" to the diffusion of technology predominates, linked to a unitary concept of organization, an antagonistic view of participation and efficiency, and a short-term "cost substitution" approach to evaluation. One alternative is suggested by the emphasis in the organization theory literature that organizations are social rather than rational systems containing a plurality of interest groups. On this view, it is as unrealistic to attempt to segregate technical and economic considerations from social and psychological ones, as it is to separate short-term effects from long-term outcomes. Evaluation is seen as a central part of a complex and incremental planning process. Yet this approach is often presented as little more than a strategy to minimize possible resistance to the introduction of the technologies. There is an important need to seek to influence opinion and practice to ensure that the technologies are used to increase peoples' opportunities for self-determination at work rather than simply to seek for ways in which the new technologies can smoothly be introduced. Drawing from attempts over the past 20 years to improve the quality of working life through the promotion of job redesign theory, a general approach to the issue is outlined. It is argued that psychological and social planning is an essential part of the introduction of the new technologies, that evaluation should focus on developing goals, processual issues, and incremental change rather than on how far predetermined objectives are reached. Appropriate evaluation of the new technologies is an activity of importance, offering opportunities to help ensure that psychological and social issues are given attention comparable to that received by technical and economic concerns.


For the use of image processing systems as fast but accurate measuring equipment, the precision of the image capture is a crucial feature. In addition, larger amounts of data must be processed as achievable sensor resolutions and frame rates increase steadily. The Department of Quality Assurance and Industrial Image Processing of the Ilmenau University of Technology has developed a sensor platform that supports these requirements in the industrial and metrological field. The hardware was designed in terms of modularity and the use of distributed algorithms. The aim of this development was to combine the integrated intelligence of the individual components of the system to create new applications possibilities on hardware-level and to make them usable over a central interface. This publication describes the hardware structure and discusses the possible applications of the sensor platform.


It is fact that cryptography is already highly used in applications involving sensitive data, for example, credentials, credit card pins and other personal information. Nonetheless, developers frequently lack specialized cryptography knowledge. In this master thesis, 49 android applications are analyzed in order to determine -via static and dynamic analyses- the specific cryptographic misuses that result in data breaches. The results show that the 85, 71% of the applications examined (i.e. 42 out of the 49 applications) make at least one cryptographic misuse. Thus, a list of cryptographic rules that are based on the thesis analysis in order to improve the overall cryptographic security in Android applications is suggested.


The effects of high temperature treatment by non-ventilation of greenhouse on fruit yield and the incidence of diseases and insects in summer cucumber production were evaluated against constant ventilation (control). Fruit yield for 5 cultivars of summer cucumber was increased by setting the ventilation temperature at 45°C from 4:30 until 10:30. Diseases and insects were effectively suppressed by high temperature. Non-ventilation should be done during the lunch break during 11:30-13:20 in consideration of the worker's comfort. Most diseases and insects (except mites) could be controlled. However, with daily high-temperature treatment the number of dead or malformed fruits increased. Until the beginning of harvest, frequent non-ventilation treatment may exterminate diseases and insects and increase the number of fruiting nodes. Thereafter, frequency of the treatment should be reduced to ensure fruit set and growth.


The title compound, C10H13N3S, prepared by the reaction of 4-methylbenzaldehyde and 4-methylthiosemicarbazide, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation for the non-H atoms = 0.032 Å). Its conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond, generating an S(5) ring. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds occur. Further weak N—H⋯S links connect the dimers into (100) sheets.


Results of a PARADIGM-HF study (Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure Trial) were presented and published in 2014. The study showed favourable eff ect of a new drug group represented by sacubitril-valsartan on the outcome of patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Drug with original code LCZ696 comprised of sacubitril – neprilysin inhibitor, and AT1 angiotensin II receptor blocker valsartan. Sacubitril-valsartan is an example of a new drug group entitled: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor.


The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of jigsaw task as a cooperative learning technique on reading skills improvement of Iranian EFL learners. To accomplish the purpose of the study, two intact groups were randomly selected as a control group (N=24) and an experimental group (N=24) of the study. Reading comprehension test was administered as the pretest of the study. After that, the experimental group received a special treatment of task-based instruction including jigsaw the task, while the control group received traditional reading comprehension instructions. The treatment lasted 18 sessions or about three months. A parallel test of reading comprehension was administered as the posttest of the study. The results of the pretest and posttest in data analysis through statistical procedure of Independent pair T-test confirmed the superiority of the experimental group to the control group. A conclusion was drown that jigsaw task not only improve learners' language skills, but also create a supportive learning environment. Finally, the teacher presented suggestions for implementation of jigsaw technique to other skills.


Abstract An organically templated iron phosphate, (C4H12N2)2[Fe6(HPO4)2(PO4)6(H2O)2]·H2O, has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space groupP 1 (No. 2) witha=9.1768(1),b=12.7229(1),c=16.4830(2) A,α=68.530(1),β=83.285(1),γ=73.259(1)°,V=1714.90(3) A3, andZ=2. The structure consists of layers of FeO6octahedra and phosphate tetrahedra, which are pillared through FeO5trigonal bipyramids and phosphate tetrahedra to form a three-dimensional framework structure. The framework contains infinite channels in which the charge compensating diprotonated piperazinium cations reside.


Successfully repairing centrifugal compressor impellers re quires careful consideration and planning. The selection of techniques for inspection, material, and welding procedures are determined by numerous factors. Original design and manufac turing techniques, the nature of a failure, and environmental or process concerns all play a role. The relevant issues are addressed that may assist the user's maintenance personnel in formulating an overall strategy to extend the service life of their impellers through the selection of adequate repair procedures.


Chronic progressive spastic paraparesis occurring in tropical areas and southwest Japan is frequently associated with high antibody titers to HTLV-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.12 We recently reported that T-lymphocyte alveolitis occurred in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM).3 The presence of such pulmonary lesions were also described by Vernant and associates in patients with HTLV-1-associated tropical spastic paraparesis (HTLV1ITSP).4 In the present study, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid had an increased proportion of lymphocytes in patients with HAM (ten women and three men, 50 ± 17 percent), compared to HTLV-1negative normal control subjects (ten nonsmoking male volunteers, 14 ± 3 percent). Increased BAL lymphocytes consisted mainly of CD3 + cells (78 ± 17 percent) and CD4 + /CD8 + ratios (1.5 ± 0.8) were similar to those ofnormal control subjects (1.3 ±0.7). Serum levels ofsoluble interleukin-2 receptors (IL-2R), a marker of T-cell activation,5 were significantly elevated in patients with HAM compared to normal control subjects (685 ± 210 vs 286 ± 49 U/mI, p<O.Ol). Soluble IL-2R levels were detectable in BAL fluid from HAM patients and BAL levels were approximately 13 times higher than those in serum (166± 103 vs 18± 13 U/mg albumin, p = 0.001). BAL IL-2R levels in HAM patients correlated well with the number of lymphocytes and T-cells in BAL fluid (r=0.68, p<0.05 and r=0.64, p<O.O5, respectively). These results suggest that T-lymphocytes infiltrating the lungs of HAM patients are activated locally to produce IL-2R. Our data show that bronchoalveolar T-Iymphocytosis occurs in patients with HAM ,suggesting that immunologic mechanisms play an important role in the development of pulmonary lesions in HAM.


Abstract Objectives: to identify dietary patterns (DP) and associated factors in first grade school-children in elementary schools in the South of Brazil. Methods: school-based cross-sectional study, with a non-probabilistic sample of 782 schoolchildren aged 6 to 8. Food intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. DP were identified using the principal component analysis and the prevalence ratios were obtained by Poisson regression with a robust variance. Results: four DP were identified and accounted for 25.3% of the total variance: "fruit, vegetables and fish" (8.5%), "sweets and salty snacks" (7.0%), "dairy, ham and biscuits" (5.0%) and "common Brazilian food" (4.8%). After the adjustment, breakfast habit and lower frequency of meals in front of a screen increased the probability of adherence to a high consumption of DP of "fruit, vegetables and fish". The maternal schooling level was linearly and inversely associated with DP of "sweets and salty snacks" and "common Brazilian food", and positively related to the DP of "dairy, ham and biscuits". Schoolchildren with food inse-curity and sufficiently active had higher probability of adherence to DP of "common Brazilian food". Conclusions: four DP were identified and associated with food insecurity, maternal socioeconomic characteristics and schoolchildren's behavioral characteristics.


Phase Locked Loops are key blocks which are widely adopted in all area of electronics, especially transceivers in wireless communication systems. The application of Phase Locked Loop varies from generation of local oscillator signal for upconversion and down conversion, generation and distribution of clock signals and jitter reduction. The most extensive use of Phase Locked Loop is for frequency synthesis. The requirements of synthesizer architectures depend on various system requirements and specifications which are based on regulatory standards. The design of Phase Locked Loop components involves the consideration of various techniques to resolve the nonidealities at front end high frequency components as well as back end low frequency components. This paper presents the background and importance of a Phase Locked Loop, various approaches over the years, design choices for each block and practical design methodology for Charge Pump Phase Locked Loops. This paper also presents the system level design of Phase Locked Loop and supply noise interactions among sub modules inside a charge pump Phase Locked Loop


Extreme climatic events such as the El Niño Southern Oscillation profoundly affect many plants and animals, including amphibians, which are strongly negatively affected by drought conditions. How amphibians respond to exceptionally high precipitation as observed in La Niña events, however, remains unclear. We document the correlation between the exceedingly wet 2010–2012 La Niña and community‐level changes in a leaf litter frog assemblage in Costa Rica. Relative abundances of species shifted, diversity and plot occupancy decreased, and community composition became homogenized with the onset of La Niña. These aspects remained altered for over 20 months but rebounded to pre‐La Niña levels after approximately 12 months. We hypothesize that complex ecological cascades associated with excess moisture caused short‐term declines in abundances of species and associated changes in community structure. If additional stressors such as disease or habitat loss are not co‐occurring, frog communities can rapidly recover to pre‐disturbance levels following severe climatic events.


As the minimum feature size gets smaller, the use of optical proximity correction (OPC) becomes more aggressive. The time for mask data preparation dramatically increases. The increase in the number of small size patterns in design causes the increase of Mask Rule Check (MRC) error. It brings the need for checking the error between mask fab and Taped-out customers. Therefore, the Turn-Around Time (TAT) is enlarged. MRC offers not only the rule check but also the violated-pattern-correction to satisfy the quality requested by the customers. In this paper, we suggest a new MRC flow by using new MRC tool that carrys out MRC over various input of e-beam data and handles the MRC output data. In case of the violated pattern which approaches Mask Constraint we expand violated pattern size for pattern correction. And the elimination method can be applied to very small pattern. We describe how well preformed differently in mask exposure time and inspection capability.


In recent years, ecstasy trafficking has grown in complexity and tablets has been commonly sold containing different contents of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or even other psychoactive substances. In contrast, identification and quantification of drugs of abuse is still a challenge, once the access to drug standards is very restricted in Brazil. In this work, ecstasy tablets seized by the Brazilian Federal Police have their chemical composition identified and quantified by gas chromatography and quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance based on an internal standard approach (IS-1H-qNMR). Both methods were validated and showed suitable results for the figures of merit. IS-1H-qNMR shows excellent results of accuracy (relative error < 5%) and precision (relative standard deviation (RSD) < 2%). Comparatively, IS-1H-qNMR is more efficient and versatile than gas chromatography to accomplish in a single analysis the identification and quantification of target analytes. Since the method does not require a specific reference material, it is cost effective and provides agility to routine forensic analysis.


This paper describes the theories of JPEG and LZ77 compression algorithm. Through the compare by actual model, we conclude DSP (Digital Signal Processor) is more suitable to JPEG image compression algorithm. And then by comparing compression speed of PC(personal computer) and DSP, we conclude one video signal data compression solutions in remote control.


One has become accustomed to clear, concise, and instructive analysis from the mind and pen of Professor Bennett. He has a way of taking complex and controversial theological issues and so disentangling and reconstructing them that the untrained reader is enabled to see the problem and the trained reader to find the various facets of the problem compactly arranged and in order. And yet it is. I t is possible to say this, I think, not only because the author clarifies one of the most difficult matters before the Christian mind today, but also because he shares with the reader his constructive thought more fully and more profoundly than he has done before. This volume is an expansion of the Richard Lectures delivered in 1945 at the University of Virginia. In five chapters Professor Bennett examines the highly significant question of the relation between the social imperative and the social strategy of the Christian ethic. He begins by noting that within less than a century a new attitude has developed within the Christian Church toward the structure of the social order. This is evident from a greater relative emphasis upon social responsibility; from a wider acceptance of the necessity of social change; and from a readier disposition among Christians to face problems from the point of view of those groups in society who have all along been oppressed, or, at least, have been minority groups. Yet this awakening social consciousness within the Church is beset by a very great perplexity. Christians who want to do something in and about the institutions of society are embarrassingly overtaken by the fact that they lack an adequate strategy for doing so. The demands of the Christian ethic of love do not seem of themselves to indicate a sure path of conduct, and even when such certainty seems for the moment clear, it is beset by a distressing number of compromising obstacles. Professor Bennett discusses six factors making for what he calls "the distance between Christian ethics and social policy" and analyzes three issues concerning which "there is no distinctively Christian guidance." This is not the place to discuss these items. The reader will, however, find the author's account of them an accurate representation of the actual situation of Christian social action. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1946. $2.00.


[Dimethylamino(phenyl)carbene]pentacarbonylchromium, (CO)5CrC(Ph)NMe2, decomposes at 135° C in nitrogen to yield cis-(PhCH.NMe2)2Cr(CO)4. Attempted preparations of (PhCH.NMe2)2by methylation of meso-stilbenediamine were unsuccessful. The mode of formation of (PhCH·NMe2)2 from the heterocarbenoid precursor is discussed.Related complexes of the type cis-(vic-diamine)Cr(CO)4, in which the vic-diamine is Me2N·CHR1·CHR2·NMe2(R1= R2= H; R1= Me, R2= H; R1= R2= Me), o-C6H4(NMe2)2, or (RCH.NH2)2(R = Me, Ph) are reported and the importance of steric effects in these complexes has been assessed by spectroscopic methods, Pure NNN′N′-tetramethyl-meso-butane-2,3-diamine has been fully characterised.


Abstract There are many measures of student perceptions of school climate; accordingly, there is a staggering amount of research examining those perceptions and related outcomes. There is a comparatively small number of measures examining school personnel perceptions. Of those found, only some had evidence of measurement invariance/equivalence (MI/E). None found with evidence of MI/E had evidence of structural invariance/equivalence (SI/E). This article explores these psychometric properties of The Georgia School Personnel Survey (GSPS) of school climate. We analyzed a representative sample of Georgia school personnel (N = 166,887) through exploratory, confirmatory, and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated that the GSPS has a second-order model containing six first-order subscales loading onto a second-order scale (acting as a measure of whole-school climate). Assessment of MI/E and SI/E suggested that the GSPS is an appropriate measure for comparisons based on gender, racial/ethnic identity, grade level, and job classification. Implications for research and practice will be discussed referencing the Cultural–Ecological Model of School Climate (CEMSC). Impact Statement This research provides psychometric properties for the Georgia School Personnel Survey (GSPS) of school climate, giving school personnel, lawmakers, and researchers information necessary to justify the use of the GSPS as a valid tool to assess and confidently compare staff perceptions of school climate. Specifically, this research provides evidence that the GSPS may be used to compare perceptions of school climate between school staff based on demographic characteristics (gender, racial/ethnic identity, job classification, and grade level). This research may be of special interest to a range of stakeholders, including school psychologists, district- and school-level administrators, and policymakers who are interested in comparing perceptions within schools or systems. School psychologists, who are trained as data-based decision-makers, play an important role as advocates to administrators and other school personnel. Specifically, school psychologists can help teams to analyze and interpret data as part of an empirically-based intervention to address the needs of school personnel. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/2372966X.2021.1958645 .


The article discusses who is covered by the term "family member" under EU law and Swiss-EU bilateral law for the purposes of the free movement of persons (in German: Familiennachzug).


Background: Iran is a land of great heritage of ancient medical scholars. Herbal medicines, as a basement of treatment of diseases have been clearly described in the medical texts of these scholars including Rhazes, Avicenna, and others. Numerous plants are introduced in these texts to treat those diseases likely to be infective ones. Few attempts have been made to evaluate ethnopharmacological aspects of these plants. Objective: In the present study selected specimens of plants described in ancient Iranian medical texts to treat infective conditions were evaluated for antibacterial activity. The hypothesis of this study was that the plants described in the ancient medical texts possess antibacterial properties. Methods: In this study, ten specimens of these plants were selected from various texts. Their scientific terminologies were prepared based on various respected sources. The antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of these herbs, as well as their MICs and MBCs were evaluated according to standard techniques. Results: Results of this study showed that almost all of 10 specimens showed considerable antibacterial activity. The MIC and MBC of some herbs showed strong activity against gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. MICs and MBCs of Heracleum persicum and antibacterial activity of Zea mays are reported for the first time in this study. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity of the selected plants supports their old uses as antiinfective agents. The results of this survey also showed antibacterial activity of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johst. and Teucrium polium L. traditionally used as poultice for infective wounds. H. persicum traditionally used in Iran as spice can play a valuable role in preventing food poisoning. The data of this study supported the importance of ethnopharmacological approach and opened also the new doors to future researches in this field.


ABSTRACT: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the popularity of keeping parrots as companion animals. These beautiful birds have stolen many hearts with their playful behaviour and their ability to physically bond with many owners. Yet keeping parrots in a captive environment can be extremely challenging and behavioural problems, such as incessant screaming, aggression and feather plucking, are not uncommon. This article highlights some common behavioural problems and the importance of creating a suitable enriched environment for your feathered friend to help him or her lead a happy and fulfilling life.


The aim of the paper is to prove the following two results.

1. LetAbe a finitely partitive simple affine algebra with GK(A) < ∞. Then the Krull dimension, where GK and fil.dim are the Gelfand–Kirillov and the filter dimension, respectively.

2. LetBbe an integral regular domain, affine over a field of characteristic zero and let D(B) be its ring of differential operators. The filter dimension fil.dim D(B) = 1.


In order to improve the dynamic optimization capability and fault-tolerant ability of the information fusion method for multi-sensor system, the theory of Dynamic Bayesian Networks was used to rebuild the conventional Federated Kalman Filter in this paper, and a new kind of active and dynamic information fusion and optimization method for multi-sensor systems under high-dynamic situation was proposed. The simulation results indicated the high dynamic flexibility and fault-tolerant ability of the proposed method.


The emperor Julian'sCaesars is an extremely amusing dialoguewhose richness, both in content and form, eludes its ascription to a single literary genre.1 The dialogue begins with an intervention by Julian in which he addresses an interlocutor2 to whom he will retell a myth that Hermes told him on how the gods celebrated the Saturnalia with a symposium to which Roman emperors (and similar powerful figures) were invited. The first lines of the dialogue explain why Julian felt compelled to write this work (306a–b):


It happens that $s^2$ and $\hat s^2$ are equal with 0.1% accuracy, though they are split by radiative corrections and a natural estimate for their difference is 1%. This degeneracy occurs only for $m_t$ value close to $170\GeV$, so no deep physical reason can be attributed to it. However, another puzzle of the Standard Model, the degeneracy of $s_\Eff^2$ and $s^2$, is not independent of the previous one since a good physical reason exists for $s_\Eff^2$ and $\hat s^2$ degeneracy. We present explicit formulas which relate these three angles.


This study determined the role of teachers' constructivist beliefs in the teaching and learning mathematics and the use of instructional practices in the mathematics performance of Grade 7 secondary students in the Pacific Towns of Northern Samar for the school year 2016-2017. This study utilized the descriptivecorrelational research design. The demographic profile of teachers in mathematics such as constructivist beliefs, constructivist instructional practices and performance of students was described as it exists at the present time. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the beliefs in mathematics and students' mathematics performance. Similarly, statistical analysis was used to determine the relationship between instructional practices and mathematics performance of the students. The findings showed that more than 50% of the mathematics' teachers are aged less than 30 suggesting that most of the teachers are neophyte in the teaching career. As to educational attainment, most of the respondents are enrolled in master's program. Only one-third have already completed master's degree. In terms of relevant trainings, almost a half of the respondents have attended one to two trainings. Most of the teachers believe that teaching should involve real world connections. Teachers believe that they should create real-world environments that employ the context in which learning is relevant. Beliefs about emphasizing prior knowledge were also manifested by the teacher-respondents. Highly demonstrated beliefs include encouraging the use of multiple modes of representation to facilitate easy understanding and recall and the learner's previous knowledge constructions, beliefs and attitudes are Original Research Article Balanlay; ARJOM, 17(1): 45-58, 2021; Article no.ARJOM.65389 46 considered in the knowledge construction process. In terms of social interaction beliefs, teachers manifested support for collaborative construction of knowledge through social negotiation. Result of the test conducted in mathematics by the researcher showed that more than half of the students got fair performance. Only one performed satisfactorily. Beliefs about emphasizing prior knowledge and beliefs in social interaction significantly predicted mathematics performance of students. Real world connection did not significantly predict mathematics performance. Respondents' constructivist instructional practices did not offer a significant role in developing the mathematics ability of the students. Teachers did not play an active role in assimilating knowledge into students' existing mental framework and reconstructing new knowledge.


The optical vortex (OV) has drawn considerable attention owing to its tremendous advanced applications, such as optical communication, quantum entanglement, and on-chip detectors. However, traditional OV generators suffer from a bulky configuration and limited performance, especially in the ultraviolet range. In this paper, we utilize a large bandgap dielectric material, niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), to construct ultra-thin and compact transmission-type metasurfaces to generate and detect the OV at a wavelength of 355 nm. The meta-atom, which operates as a miniature half-wave plate and demonstrates a large tolerance to fabrication error, manipulates the phase of an incident right-handed circular polarized wave with high cross-polarized conversion efficiency (around 86.9%). The phase delay of π between the orthogonal electric field component is attributed to the anti-parallel magnetic dipoles induced in the nanobar. Besides, focused vortex generation (topological charge l from 1 to 3) and multichannel detection (l from −2 to 2) are demonstrated with high efficiency, up to 79.2%. We envision that our devices of high flexibility may have potential applications in high-performance micron-scale integrated ultraviolet nanophotonics and meta-optics.


The structure of the interlayer cation-water system in La-vermiculite with a unit cell of a = 5.33(5), b = 9.18(6), c = 15.13(9) Å and β = 96.82(7)° has been determined in space group C2/m. Under ambient conditions, the interlayer La cations are distributed on a 3a × b superlattice which disappears on dehydration but returns on rehydration. The basal spacing does not change during the dehydration/rehydration process. The character of the superlattice spots indicate that the cation-water system, at ambient conditions, is ordered over relatively large domains. The La cations are surrounded by 8 neighboring water molecules in a distorted cubic arrangement. The spaces between the La-water clusters are occupied by triads of water molecules that are relatively mobile.


The article explores the application of information security risk management methods in enterprises. In the new context of the digital economy the protection of information assets is becoming an important aspect of business. Methods of prevention, forecasting and recognition of information security threats are considered. Preventive measures are proposed to improve information security management processes and reduce damage to enterprises due to weaknesses in existing approaches of risk management.