Though it was as a bacteriologist that Luca Cavalli-Sforza first flourished scientifically, it was the subject of human population genetics that he dominated for the second half of the twentieth century. He pioneered both genetical demography and the construction of the genetical evolutionary tree of man, initially from gene-frequency data and ultimately from tracing the paths of descent of individual DNA sequences. He was among the first to apply the new computers to the problems he encountered, using his self-taught knowledge of mathematics and statistics. He conducted expeditions to the Pygmies of the African rainforest and studied the spread of agriculture in Europe, demonstrating the similarity between its wave of advance and the contours of population gene frequency. He noted the correspondence between the descent tree of languages and the human evolutionary tree. Cavalli headed university departments in Pavia and then Stanford, surrounding himself with young colleagues and driving forward research with vigorous discussion and unceasing enthusiasm. His knowledge was spread across medicine and genetics, anthropology and linguistics, archaeology and history, and he expressed himself fluently in speech and writing in Italian, English and French. A true Renaissance man. His published work in human population genetics and cultural evolution over more than 50 years constituted 'one long argument', as Darwin said of The origin of species. The villages of the Parma valley were his Galapagos Islands, and random genetic drift his adjunct to natural selection for the case of man. His demonstration of the importance of drift in recent human evolution informed the model for constructing evolutionary trees from gene-frequency data. On this one long argument he wrote and lectured ceaselessly, not only for other scientists but also for a wider audience, always mindful of a responsibility to promote an understanding of man's biology and evolutionary history for society's benefit. In so doing he brought an informed and rational approach to the problem of human diversity and the problems of human diversity.


Abstract Abstract - A series of dirhodium tetracarboxylate complexes, containing triphenylphosphine as axial ligand was investigated by electronic and Raman spectroscopy, aiming to detect the influence of electronic effects of the carboxylate substituents on the v1[v(RhRh)] and v2[v(RhO)] Modes. When pairs of complexes with similar molecular weights are compared, as in the case of the cyclopentanecarboxylate and trifluoroacetate complexes, the striking difference in the inductive character of the two species results in substantial shifts of the v1 and v2 modes as a consequence of variations in the corresponding force constants rather than a simple mass effect as previously observed for non-substituted rhodium-carboxylates.


New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Spectrum by an authorized editor of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Recommended Citation Pezzelli, Gabriella (2015) "Book Review: "Archaeology Matters: Action Archaeology in the Modern World," by Jeremy Sabloff," Spectrum: Vol. 5 : Iss. 1 , Article 8. Available at: https://scholars.unh.edu/spectrum/vol5/iss1/8


An integrated controlling pattern of combining four belts was designed and applied to control the desertification land of the demonstration region in Huang-hua-tan of Gulang County,Gansu province.The integrated controlling pattern is comprised of the blocking sand belt,the fixing sand belt,the alive plant barrier blocking sand belt,and the enclosed sand belt.It was demonstrated that this pattern had achieved outstanding protection effect for controlling the desertification lands covered mainly by low shifting dunes.In the demonstration region,the crop area suffering from sand-encroaching had decreased from 37.7% in pre-control to 14.2% in the first year after control,and to 0% in the second and the third year.The mean wind speed at 0.5 m and 1.5 m height behind the protecting system could be reduced by 75.9% and 63.4% respectively in comparison with that in open field.The average sand transportation capacity could be reduced from 2 556.2 mg\5cm-1\5h-1 in front of the protecting system to 3.41 mg\5cm-1\5h-1 behind the system.Calligonum klementzii,Hedysarum scoparium,Ulmus pumila,Elaeagnus angustifolia and Artemisia arenasia had been selected as the available plant species for afforesting in shifting sand dunes and inter-dune lowlands.The clay barrier performed well in 2 m×2 m pattern,the straw and the nylon-net barriers performed well in 1m 1m pattern.In the early period of afforestation,annual plants such as Agriophyllum squarrosum and Suaeda gluace propagated flourishingly,their coverage could be 50.2% and 34.1% respectively,which played role on sand fixation in initial stages.The annual plants were gradually replaced by deep-rooted plants along with artificial plants growing,3 years later the coverage of Artemisia arenasia could reach 10%.


Among teacher's responsibilities in the classroom besides delivering quality teaching, treating all the students equally, is giving the learners the space to become creative, to enhance their problemsolving skills and give them the opportunity to become autonomous learners.
Libri is a learning management tool used at South East European University for all courses. It is used to achieve some of the classes goals and aims. However, it can also be used to give the students the opportunity to become autonomous since they are working even from home independently, to become creative and find solution to the problems as assigned in the tasks, and develop their problemsolving skills since they have to find solutions to the problems presented. We assumed that this would enhance learner creativity and autonomy, and yet give them the opportunity to use English outside of the classroom environment. Besides this, it will also trigger students' problemsolving skills
The participants of this study are 70 students taking ESP Business English, aged 18-35 years old, all non-native speakers of English, from different national, language, cultural backgrounds. Both, the qualitative and quantitative method were used to analyse the data gathered. The students involved in the study were given a questionnaire after they completed the task. While checking the students' responses the teacher was able to see how they approached the tasks given. There was also a questionnaire for teachers, who used the same approach and used Libri for the same purpose.


A low-voltage sense amplifier with reference current generator utilizing two-stage operational amplifier clamp structure for flash memory is presented in this paper, capable of operating with minimum supply voltage at 1 V. A new reference current generation circuit composed of a reference cell and a two-stage operational amplifier clamping the drain pole of the reference cell is used to generate the reference current, which avoids the threshold limitation caused by current mirror transistor in the traditional sense amplifier. A novel reference voltage generation circuit using dummy bit-line structure without pull-down current is also adopted, which not only improves the sense window enhancing read precision but also saves power consumption. The sense amplifier was implemented in a flash realized in 90 nm flash technology. Experimental results show the access time is 14.7 ns with power supply of 1.2 V and slow corner at 125 °C.


This paper is a critical discussion of John Dupré's recent defence of promiscuous realism in Part 1 of his The Disorder of Things: Metaphysical Foundations of the Disunity of Science. It also discusses some more general issues in the philosophy of biology and science. Dupré's chief strategy of argumentation appeals to debates within the philosophy of biology, all of which concern the nature of species. While the strategy is well motivated, I argue that Dupré's challenge to essentialist and unificationist views about natural kinds is not successful. One conclusion is that an integrative conception of species is a real alternative to Dupré's pluralism.


2. In the introduction reference has now been made to Griffin. However the key relevant finding of this meta-analysis was not only that GPs without support provided care associated with adverse outcomes but also that "â##In shared care schemes featuring more intensive support there was no difference in mortality between care in hospital and care in general practice, glycated haemoglobin tended to be lower in primary care and losses to follow up were significantly lower in primary careâ##


Defibrillators are now widely installed in a variety of public places for the immediate treatment of people who have collapsed with a suspected cardiac arrest. These initiatives are predicated on the defibrillator being used by 'lay' volunteers. This presents a problem of trust, as the volunteer rescuers need to trust an unfamiliar technology to diagnose and treat an immediately life-threatening condition they are unlikely to have encountered before. Based on qualitative interviews with volunteers and defibrillator trainers, we show how trust in the defibrillator is constructed and maintained as a social process. This trust is a complex phenomenon, placed in technology, people and institutions, all of which work together to enable the volunteer, when an emergency occurs, to 'push the button.'


Disclosed is a susceptor having a sealing structure improved to fully prevent the moisture in the air from infiltrating inside a heater. The susceptor is provided inside a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process chamber; and composed of a susceptor body which a substrate is loaded on and unloaded from, a hollow shaft extended from the susceptor body, and a heater member positioned inside the hollow shaft and comprising a heating rod and a hollow sheath surrounding a heating rod therein, wherein the end part of the heater member has an extended section provided. The inflow of moisture in the air is fundamentally cut off; and therefore the defective short of the heater is minimized by including more extended sections at the end part of the heater member to seal a connection part and a finishing section.


In 1918, Raeder 1 reported the relationship between "paralysis of the oculopupillary sympathetic [nerve]" and pain in the trigeminal nerve distribution implicating the paratrigeminal area of the middle fossa of the cranium. His first report in Norwegian was published again in Brain in 1924 with 4 other cases. 2 Although Horner 3 had described the features of involvement of the cervical sympathetic nerves in 1869, Raeder 2 recognized that "The clinical syndrome of Horner may result from a lesion at any place in the course of these (sympathetic) fibers, but the completeness of the syndrome varies with the location of the lesion."


The active magnetic bearings system plays a vital role in high-speed rotors technology, where many research articles have discussed the nonlinear dynamics of different categories of this system such as the four-pole, six-pole, eight-pole, and sixteen-pole systems. Although the twelve-pole system has many advantages over the eight-pole one (such as a negligible cross-coupling effect, low power consumption, better suspension behaviors, and high dynamic stiffness), the twelve-pole system oscillatory behaviors have not been studied before. Therefore, this article is assigned to explore the effect of the magneto-electro-mechanical nonlinearities on the oscillatory motion of the twelve-pole system controlled via a proportional derivative controller for the first time. The normalized equations of motion that govern the system vibrations are established by means of classical mechanics. Then, the averaging equations are extracted utilizing the asymptotic analysis. The influence of all system parameters on the steady-state oscillation amplitudes is explored. Stability charts in a two-dimensional space are constructed. The stable margin of both the system and control parameters is determined. The obtained investigations reveal that proportional gain plays a dominant role in reshaping the dynamics and motion bifurcation of the twelve-pole systems. In addition, it is found that stability charts of the system can be controlled by simply utilizing both the proportional and derivative gains. Moreover, the numerical simulations showed that the twelve-poles system can exhibit both quasiperiodic and chaotic oscillations besides the periodic motion depending on the control parameters' magnitude.


The invention provides a database synchronization method and a database synchronization system. The database synchronization method comprises the following steps that an online redo log of a source database is obtained, and a corresponding capture thread is created; the online redo log is analyzed; the capture threads are switched according to the analysis result, and incremental data in the source database is obtained through the switched capture thread; the captured incremental data is transmitted to a corresponding transmit queue; the incremental data in the transmit queue is subjected to adaptation and is then transmitted to a target database for synchronization. With the database synchronization method and the database synchronization system, the database synchronization speed can be improved.


Trends of technology developments of lithium and lithium-ion rechargeable batteries for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs (PHEVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in national R&D projects of Japan are reviewed. In addition, roadmap of current status for R&D for improving specific power and specific energy of the batteries in national project in Japan are overviewed.


Age estimation is a difficult task which requires the automatic detection and interpretation of facial features. Recently, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made remarkable improvement on learning age patterns from benchmark datasets. However, for a face ``in the wild'' (from a video frame or Internet), the existing algorithms are not as accurate as for a frontal and neutral face. In addition, with the increasing number of in-the- wild aging data, the computation speed of existing deep learning platforms becomes another crucial issue. In this paper, we propose a high-efficient age estimation system with joint optimization of age estimation algorithm and deep learning system. Cooperated with the city surveillance network, this system can provide age group analysis for intelligent demographics. First, we build a three- tier fog computing architecture including an edge, a fog and a cloud layer, which directly processes age estimation from raw videos. Second, we optimize the age estimation algorithm based on CNNs with label distribution and K-L divergence distance embedded in the fog layer and evaluate the model on the latest wild aging dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that: 1. our system collects the demographics data dynamically at far-distance without contact, and makes the city population analysis automatically; and 2. the age model training has been speed-up without losing training progress or model quality. To our best knowledge, this is the first intelligent demographics system which has potential applications in improving the efficiency of smart cities and urban living.


This research is meant to find out how the analysis of influence of Corporate Social Responsibility has influence to the financial performance of the company. Corporate Social Responsibility is the activity of the company in achieving the balance among the aspects i.e.: economic, environment and social without ignoring the expectation of the stakeholders. The financial performance in this research is measured by using Return on Equity (ROE) and Current Ratio (CR). The sample of the research has been done by using purposive sampling technique and the samples are 3 tobacco manufactures which are consecutively listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2010-2014. The audit of financial report and annual report are obtained from the Indo-Exchange File (IDX). The hypothesis test in this researchis using simple regression analysis to test the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosureto Return on Equity (ROE) and Current Rasio (CR). In this research the independent variabel is the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) meanwhile the dependent variabel is Retun on Equity (ROE) and Current Rasio (CR). The result of this research shows that Corporate Social Responsibility has significant influence to the Return on Equity (ROE) and Corporate Social Responsibility has significant influence to the Current Ratio (CR). Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Return on Equity, Current Ratio


The new neutron guide laboratory ELLA at the JUlich research reactor started its full operation at the beginning of this year. The guide system supplies 10 instruments with cold neutrons from the rebuilt hydrogen cold source. We present a description of the technical layout of the guide system. In order to achieve a larger solid angle, the guides were covered with isotopically pure 58Ni. The obtained neutron fluxes will be quoted. In addition, special beam forming devices were installed, namely a neutron guide junction at the entrance of the guide system, a multislit-bender with a radius of curvature of only 57 m, which achieves a large beam separation, and conical focusing neutron guides with supermirror layers to increase the flux at the sample position.


reasons, it was preferable not to be the only staff member on one remote corridor of the hospital. Also, there were some tasks in splinting which required two pairs of hands. Basic and senior II occupational therapists joined a rota in which each took turns to stay with the author. Extra hours worked were taken as time off in lieu and any time which was not taken up with patient treatment was used in raising the level of splinting knowledge within the department. The results of the pilot scheme can be seen in Table 3, with a reduction of DNAs from 14.62% to 10.81% at comparable times of year.


Objective To investigate the role of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)iNOSI/HO-1 in attenuation of LPS-induced acute lung injury(ALI)by Radix Paeoniae Rubra (RPR) in rats.Methods Forty pathogen-free male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ I control(C);groupⅡLPS;group Ⅲ RPR;group Ⅳ RPR precondtioning and group Ⅴ SB203580 (p38MAPK specific inhibitor).ALI Wag induced by slow intra-tracheal instillation of LPS 2.5 mg/kg in 1 ml of normal saline(NS)in groupⅡ-Ⅴ.BPR 30 mg/kg waft infused iv over 2h simultaneouslv with and at 2 h before intra.tracheal LPS instillation in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ respectively.In groupⅤ SB203580 5,μmol/kg Was infused iv over 2 h at 3 h before intra-tracheal LPS instillation.Arterial blood samples were taken at 6 h after intra-Iracheal LPS instillation for blood gas analysis and determination of serum NO concenwafion.The animals were sacrificed bv exsangulnation.The lunga were immediately removed for microscopic examination and determination of p38MAPK and HO-I and iNOS expression and MDA content in the lung tissue.The left lung was lavaged and broncho- alveolar lavage fluid(BALF)Wag collected for determination of neutrophil count and protein COilcentration.Results LPS intra-tracheal instillation significantly decreased PaO2,PaCO2 and HCO3- concentration and increased serum NO concentration, the number of neutrophils and protein concentration in BALF, and p38MAPK and iNOS and HO-I expression and MDA content in the lung tissue. RPR and RPB preconditioning and SB203580 significandy attenuated the LPS-induced changes in group Ⅲ ,ⅣandⅤ as compared with group Ⅱ . The LPS intratracheal instillation induced pathologic changes of the lung were also attenuated in group ⅢⅣ and Ⅴ.Conclusion RPB can attenuate LPS-indueed ALl through p38MAPK/iNOS/HO-1 signalling pathway.

Key words:
RADIX PAEONIAE RUBRA; p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinases; Nitric-oxide synthase; Heine oxygenase(decyelizing); Respiratory distress syndrome, adult; Endotoxins


Phenol and dichloroethane with a weight ratio of 3:2 were prepared as a mixed solvent for bulk Polyamide 6 (PA 6) polymer to form PA 6 films. Thermogravimetric Analyzer was used to analyze the degradation behavior of the PA 6 films. The results showed that the bulk PA 6 underwent a one-step thermal degradation process, but the PA 6 films underwent a two-step thermal degradation process. The junction points of the two degradation steps in the PA 6 films appeared at 410-425 °C. The thermal stability of the PA 6 films prepared from the mixed solvent obviously is lower than that of the bulk PA 6 polymer.


Nokia is a Finnish company largely known for its telecommunication technologies. However, in recent times it appears to have lost some ground to competitors, primarily in the smartphone market, such as Apple and Samsung. In this historical case study, we explore the origins of Nokia and their progress toward breaking new ground in telecommunications technology. We also look at some of the pitfalls they encountered and how perhaps things could have been done differently. In particular, we focus on the aspect of their mobile phone interface design evolution and improvements.


In1916 a 16 year old girl was admitted in a depressive stupor to Bloomfield Hospital, a small Quaker asylum in Dublin. She was neither eating nor speaking. My grandfather (a general physician and lecturer in materia medica at Trinity College Dublin) looked after her and tube fed her for a month until …


A study is made of the propagation of wave-packets incident obliquely upon a slowly varying plane-stratified ionosphere, allowing for the full effect of the earth's magnetic field. Propagation of a magneto-ionic component is described in terms of the vertical component q of the phase-propagation vector, so as to avoid using a refractive index which depends in a complicated way on an unknown angle of refraction. The fundamental formula of the theory is an algebraic quartic equation for q, the coefficients in which depend on electron-density N, wave-frequency, direction of earth's magnetic field, and direction of incidence upon the ionosphere. The four roots of the quartic for q correspond to the upgoing/downcoming ordinary/extraordinary magneto-ionic components.

It is shown that, to plot the four roots of q as a function of N for fixed values of the other parameters, it is easier to restate the fundamental formula as a cubic equation for N as a function of q. Using this cubic equation, simple limiting curves between which the actual curves necessarily lie are deduced, thereby facilitating plotting in a particular case. Methods for mass-production of such propagation-curves are devised but not applied on a large scale.

Formulas for attenuation, lateral deviation, horizontal range, and equivalent paths of magneto-ionically split wave-packets are derived and illustrated graphically. The amount to which a wave-packet can be permanently deviated out of its plane of incidence by the earth's magnetic field can be extremely large, but probably not in cases of practical importance in commercial radio communication.


Tieshenggou landslide is a large scale landslide with huge potential danger.On the basis of long term observation,according to the inherent geological factors and triggering conditions,an analytical hierarchy model was established by means of AHP method,thus the danger intensity of the landslide was obtained.Vulnerability concerning the landslide was calculated by referring to the factors such as population,economic development and environment.Taking into account the above calculation results,a the conclusion is got that the risk level of the landslide is high.


Tumour of unknown primary (primum ignotum) is a metastatic disease that generally shows a poor response to treatment and prognosis. Although it exhibits a trend of decreasing incidence, the diagnostic processes are complicated. The available literature shows that 5–30% of metastases involve the ovary, but it remains unclear how often ovarian infiltration is found in tumours of unknown primary. The most common metastatic disease that affects the ovaries are malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, pancreas, and haematological malignancies. Usually, the first step to distinguish between a primary and a secondary tumour of the ovary is an ultrasound examination, where the ovarian metastases have some characteristic features. Here we report our experience with primum ignotum in a patient with simultaneous ovarian and bone marrow involvement.


New photoactive composite based on ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) and SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy or Sr4Al14O25:Eu,Dy were prepared by melt mixing or extrusion methodologies. The phosphorescent behavior and material properties of the polymer-phosphor composites were studied. The morphology of the polymer and the composites were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The SEM shows that the physical and chemical behavior of the matrix and the extrusion conditions were primarily responsible for the surface morphology. TEM and EDS show that the phosphor particles were uniformly dispersed in the EVA matrix. A broad band of ultraviolet (UV)-excited phosphorescence of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy and Sr4Al14O25:Eu,Dy phosphors and the respective composites were observed at wavelengths of 516 nm and 490 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed less intense phosphorescence but no shift in the wavelength of the emission peak for all the composites. The Hamburg wheel test was done on all the composites and the PL measurements before and after the test showed almost no change in the intensity of the emission. Thermal studies showed that the presence of the phosphors in the matrix slightly increased the crystallinity of EVA, which leads to higher melting enthalpies. Tensile testing shows very little change in the tensile strength and flexibility of the ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


The urgency of a problem of cardiovascular system illnesses prophylaxis is defined by high parameters of a case rate and mortality of the population from this pathology. According to modern representations tactics of the medical references is based on size of cooperative coronary risk. By the purpose of research was the approbation of computerized forecasting of a myocardial infarction and insult after a complex assessment of risk factors. Under observation was 560 practically of able-bodied persons, at which alongside with anamnestic, biographical, anthropometric, clinical (gauging of arterial pressure), function researches (ECG) was carried out definition of concentration of a common cholesterin (TC) and cholesterin low lipoprotein (LDL) and high (HDL) density, triglycerides. The various risk factors smoking, arterial hypertension etc. were revealed. At 156 surveyed (28 %) are revealed those or other infringements of a lipid metabolism. An assessment results of laboratory researches in aggregate with other risk factors of illnesses cardiovascular system took into account in the developed computer programs of a complex risk factors assessment prognosticating probability of a myocardial infarction "Computerized system of an assessment(evaluation) of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (Risk)" and an insult "Assessment of risk factors of an insult (Insult)". By one of modules of the programs was the algorithm of account of risk on the establishment of the formulas Framingham research (Framingham) and PROCAM (Multiple Risk Factors Intervention Trial, Munster Heart Study), in which utilised 9 variable: age, smoking, anamnesis of a stenocardia, family anamnesis a myocardial infarction, systolic pressure sBP, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) till according ECG. The algorithm of risk of an insult pays off under the formula Framingham p=l-exp (-eu), where u=[log(t)u]/a, u=4.4181+m, a=exp [-0.3155-(0.2784Xm)]. Men m=a-[1.4792Xlog(age)]-[0.1758X(diabetes=l, no=0)], Women m=a-5.8549+[1.8515X [log(age/74)]2]-[0.3758X (diabetes=l, no=0)], где a=11.1122-[0.9119Xlog(sBP)][0.2767X(smoker=l, no=0)]-[0.7181Xlog(TC/HDL)][0.5865X(ECG-LVH=1, no=0)] The risk of a myocardial infarction is prognosticated under the formula PROCAM: 1=1 / [1+exp (-y)], where у =-12.3199 + (ageXO.1001) + (sBP). An itemXO.0118) + (LDLX0.0152) + (HDLX-0.045) + (loge (triglycerides) X 0.3346)+( smokeX0.9266)+( diabetesXO.4015) + (family anamnesis of an myocardial infarct X0.4193) + (CHDX 1.319). The definition of risk of an insult on algorithm Fram-ingham at the practically able-bodied persons has shown, that it has made on the average 0,65+0,13 %, at the men -0,72+0,13 %, at the women 0,63+0,14 %. Besides all surveyed were referred to any other business part of global risk PROCAM of probability of a myocardial infarction. Parts had the following target points: 1-st > 0.91 % for 8 years (> 0.11 % per one year), 2 0.92-1.40 % for 8 years (0.12-0.18 % per one year), 3-rd 1.41-3.65 % for 8 years (0.18-0.46 % per one year), 4-th 3.66-7.60 % for 8 years (0.46-0.95 % per one year), 5-th > 7.60 % for 8 years (> 0.95 % per one year). Thus according to algorithm PROCAM surveyed 1-st and 5-th part differed on a degree of risk in 40 times. At 117 persons the index of coronary risk was entered in borders 1 -2 parts of risk for the proximate 10 years (" small risk "), at 320 surveyed the index got in 3-rd, 45 in 4-th part, regarded as " moderate risk " of vascular infringements, and at 78 men conformed ("to high risk ") 5-th part. According to the certain risk level the references on "paravariation" of a mode of life (correction of a diet, hypodynamia, abandoning of harmful habits), hypotensive drugs were given, and 89 patients with "high" risk of an insult and having 4 and 5 parts of risk of a myocardial infarction with the expressed infringements of a lipid exchange, were recommended follow-up hyrolipidemic drags. The results of our researches demonstrate the important value of definition of individual risk of a myocardial infarction and insult on preclinical stage of a cardiovascular pathology. The establishment of a risk level of the concrete patient achieved with the help of clinical, laboratory and other data, and also quantitative assessment of risk on algorithms Framingham or PROCAM allows to individualize and is well-timed to recommend not and medicamental correction of risk factors. РАСПРОСТРАНЁННО


Study design, materials and methods This is an analysis of multicenter (6 gynecological and 4 urological centers) monitoring of patients who began treatment in May 2014 and were evaluated 18 months after the first visit. The patients were all over 18 years of age and had had symptoms of OAB for a minimum of 3 months. The dosage of mirabegron was 50 mg per day for 162 patients, while for another 44 patients at some point between the beginning of treatment and the 18-month follow-up either the dosage of mirabegron was increased to 100 mg per day (13 patients) or antimuscarinics (trospium or solifenacin) were added (30 patients). One patient ended the 18 months of treatment within the study on a dosage of mirabegron 100 mg per day combined with antimuscarinics. During the check-up it was ascertained how many patients had discontinued the treatment, and their reasons were established. Discontinuation of the treatment was first evaluated in the whole group. Then the patients involved in the monitoring were split into two groups: the first group comprised 75 patients 60 years of age (36%), and the second group was of 131 patients over 60 (64%). Discontinuation of therapy was evaluated in relation to gender, treatment type (dosage of mirabegron) and previous anticholinergic medication. For efficacy assessment we used patient perception of bladder condition scale (PPBC) and treatment satisfaction visual analogue scale TS-VAS. The statistics were calculated using the software STATISTICA 12 (Statsoft, USA) and SPSS (IBM, v.20.0).


Background: Speed marching is the term for moving on foot, in which service members alternate marching and running to cover a certain distance in limited time. The standard load for speed marching is 25 kilograms, this includes a backpack, a tactical vest and rifle. When increasing walking speed, a person will switch from walking to running at a certain speed, this is called walk-to-run transition. The walkto-run transition speed for marching in military boots, with or without a rifle, is unknown. Marching and running are the source of many overuse injuries, the accumulation of impact forces plays a causal role. Research into alleviating the impact forces of military tasks, such as speed marching, is desirable.


DEMENTIA BEYOND DISEASE: ENHANCING WELL-BEING By G. Allen Power Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press, 2014 305 pages, $36.99 (soft cover) ISBN: 978-1-938870-13-2 Reviewed by Debora W. Tingley Development Director Memory Care Café San Francisco, CA E-mail: email@example.com and Darlene Yee-Melichar Professor and Coordinator of Gerontology College of Health and Social Sciences San Francisco State University San Francisco, CA E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


The central nervous system has been traditionally regarded as an immunologically privileged area. This feature has been in part attributed to the blood‐brain barrier, which provides a restrictive interface to circulating immunoglobulins (IgG). Recent kinetic studies suggest that the barrier to immune proteins is not absolute, but rather may be regulated by a specific transfer mechanism. In this study, we confirm the presence of IgG in the central nervous system by immunocytochemistry and demonstrate a close anatomical relationship between the distribution of this protein and the blood‐brain barrier.


A 48-year-old man presented for evaluation of the transplantation of a kidney from a living donor. He had a 14-year history of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with progression to end-stage renal disease that required hemodialysis. Initially, transplantation was not possible because his voluminous, bilateral polycystic kidneys did not leave any space in his abdomen (Panel A). He underwent bilateral nephrectomy; the removed kidneys weighed a total of 22 kg (48.4 lb; 21.6% of his total body weight), and the larger right kidney measured 51 cm (Panel B). Three months after the nephrectomy, he underwent successful kidney transplantation from a . . .


Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem which causes degradation of soil and water environment. Thus, soil conservation is necessary for the areas where accelerated erosion occurs. At early stages of soil conservation, certain strategies should be implemented based on predicted soil erosion rate of the area. Soil erosion rate has been calculated using erosion models, such as Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP), etc. However, the most common model is either Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) or Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), as they are easy in handling by users. Attention has been paid to Cropping Management, factor C of USLE or RUSLE, since it is challenging to determine. The factor depends on the type of crop and the growing stage, however growing conditions would change locally and harvesting time are unpredictable. Also, vegetation could be changed unpredictably due to weather or farming conditions. Approaches based on remote sensing technology which has less temporal and spatial restrictions on detection of vegetation were applied to determine C factor using vegetation indices. However, it is not always successful in field application. Therefore, the objective of the study is to improve determination of C factor using vegetation indices. For clarification, experiments for identifying the relationship between C factor and vegetation indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) were carried out under several types of soil. Furthermore, the accuracy of determination of C factor using vegetation indices was discussed through an erosion model experiment. The results showed SAVI is more strongly correlated with C factor than NDVI. Estimation of C factor based on NDVI and SAVI have 30% and 36% of relative error in field application. Therefore, it was concluded that vegetation indices have high potential to determine C factor of USLE or RUSLE. Also, estimation of field C factor based on SAVI is more recommendable for determination of C factor in the field where there are several types of soil.


The interplay between steering and quantum coherence is studied in a scenario, where two atoms move through an external massless scalar field. We show that just like entanglement, the steering induced coherence of the equilibrium state may increase or decrease with acceleration depending on the initial condition of the state. We also investigate the condition for coherence steerability - as opposed to simple state steerability. Interestingly, we find that the quantum coherence of the equilibrium state cannot be steered, even when the steering induced coherence is non-zero. We argue that under any condition, gravity prohibits the coherence steering of the equilibrium state.


In his lecture note [10], G. Higman proposed characterizations of finite simple groups in terms of properties concerning with odd primes, which are called odd characterizations. He discussed the recent results on odd characterizations and also illustrated some techniques which are used in such characterizations. For instance, the classification problem of $ C\theta\theta$-groups is the most famous example (Fletcher [3], [4]). However, as a more typical situation for such problems, we consider the structure of the centralizers of elements of order 3. Actually, we are interested in such centralizers in known sporadic simple groups which are given in Conway [2] and Tits [12] and we notice that those have some particular properties. The purpose of this paper is to prove a result in this direction: THEOREM. Let $G$ be a finite simple group and assume that for any element


Ladies and gentlemen good morning! I am delighted to welcome you all to this stakeholders" workshop on aflatoxin control in Nigeria. With the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Ministry of agriculture in partnership with Abt-Associates has called this meeting to offer an opportunity to review and discuss the findings from a recent Aflatoxin Country and Economic Impact Assessment.


Background Parents commonly experience anxiety, worry, and psychological distress in caring for newborn infants, particularly those born preterm. Web-based therapist services may offer greater accessibility and timely psychological support for parents but are nevertheless labor intensive due to their interactive nature. Chatbots that simulate humanlike conversations show promise for such interactive applications. Objective The aim of this study is to explore the usability and feasibility of chatbot technology for gathering real-life conversation data on stress, sleep, and infant feeding from parents with newborn infants and to investigate differences between the experiences of parents with preterm and term infants. Methods Parents aged ≥21 years with infants aged ≤6 months were enrolled from November 2018 to March 2019. Three chatbot scripts (stress, sleep, feeding) were developed to capture conversations with parents via their mobile devices. Parents completed a chatbot usability questionnaire upon study completion. Responses to closed-ended questions and manually coded open-ended responses were summarized descriptively. Open-ended responses were analyzed using the latent Dirichlet allocation method to uncover semantic topics. Results Of 45 enrolled participants (20 preterm, 25 term), 26 completed the study. Parents rated the chatbot as "easy" to use (mean 4.08, SD 0.74; 1=very difficult, 5=very easy) and were "satisfied" (mean 3.81, SD 0.90; 1=very dissatisfied, 5 very satisfied). Of 45 enrolled parents, those with preterm infants reported emotional stress more frequently than did parents of term infants (33 vs 24 occasions). Parents generally reported satisfactory sleep quality. The preterm group reported feeding problems more frequently than did the term group (8 vs 2 occasions). In stress domain conversations, topics linked to "discomfort" and "tiredness" were more prevalent in preterm group conversations, whereas the topic of "positive feelings" occurred more frequently in the term group conversations. Interestingly, feeding-related topics dominated the content of sleep domain conversations, suggesting that frequent or irregular feeding may affect parents' ability to get adequate sleep or rest. Conclusions The chatbot was successfully used to collect real-time conversation data on stress, sleep, and infant feeding from a group of 45 parents. In their chatbot conversations, term group parents frequently expressed positive emotions, whereas preterm group parents frequently expressed physical discomfort and tiredness, as well as emotional stress. Overall, parents who completed the study gave positive feedback on their user experience with the chatbot as a tool to express their thoughts and concerns. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03630679; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03630679


Objective: Diagnosis of patients with negative prostate biopsy and persistent suspicion of prostate cancer remains a serious problem. In this study, we investigated the application of optimizing prostate biopsy for patients who need repeat prostate biopsy. Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized phase-I clinical trial, the prostate cancer detection rate of initial detection scheme was compared with optimizing prostate biopsy scheme. The number of punctures of initial detection scheme was the same as that of optimizing prostate biopsy scheme. The puncture direction of optimizing prostate biopsy was a 45° angle to the sagittal plane from front, middle, and back. The two cores from each lateral lobe were horizontally inwardly inclined 45°. Results: A total of 45 patients with initial negative biopsy for cancer were received the optimizing prostate biopsy scheme. The cancer detection rate was 17.8% (8/45), and prostate intraepithelial neoplasm (PIN) was 6.7% (3/45). The patients receiving repeat transrectal prostate biopsies were pathologically diagnosed as lower Gleason grade prostate cancers. Conclusion: The cancer detection rate of repeat biopsy prostate cancer is lower than that of initial biopsy. Our study showed that the optimizing prostate biopsy is important to improve the detection rate of repeat transrectal prostate biopsies patients.


Review(s) of: Australian between Empires: The Life of Percy Spender, by David Lowe, Pickering and Chatto, London, 2010. pp. xi, 237.


Background: Cervical cancer is a preventable disease unlike other cancers. HPV infections have a long incubation period to cause cervical cancer. Other risk factors like early age of conception, illiteracy, low socioeconomic status, use of OCPs for a long period of time, low folate level, high parity and smoking predisposes to cervical cancer. Materials and Method: Present study aimed to identify the risk factors responsible for HPV infections and its association with development of cervical carcinoma in women of age group 20 to 65 years with history of white discharge, blood-stained discharge; heavy menstrual flow, intermenstrual spotting, and postcoital bleeding attending Gynaecology OPD samples of cervical scrapping, Pap smear, Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) and Visual Inspection with Lugols Iodine (VILI) was taken for detection for high-risk groups for cervical cancer and its association with different risk factors. Results: HPV infection prevalence in our study was 20% among total of 100 patients. PCR positivity was highest among the age group 30-39 years. HPV infection was highest among the age group 19-20 years. Multiparous women having 3 or more children had shown high positivity for HPVDNA. Illiterate women and women with only up to primary education had shown the highest HPV infection and it was 18 %. Nonvegetarian women had highest HPV infection. Major symptom of the PCR positive cases was white discharge. PCR for HPV-DNA was 100% positive in women who had cervical growth. Conclusion: Our study shows the importance of Pap smear and HPV-DNA testing of women in our country where prevalence and risk factors are extremely high. It can identify and help in preventing or treating the condition at exceedingly early stage.


In September 2011, the business organizations of the G20 countries (Business 20 or B20) and the trade union organizations of the G20 countries (Labor 20 or L20) agreed on a common statement to be presented to the governments of the G20 gathered in Cannes (France) in November on « key elements that can make nationally-defined social protection floors relevant in all countries ». This paper therefore suggests to explore the role of the B20 and the L20 fora in the reconfiguration of global social governance. Contrary to what might be seen as an increasingly « multi-actor » and « multi-level » and « more democratic » governance, the paper argues that the B20/L20 can be considered as a tool for three « old » institutions, namely the International Labor Organization (ILO), the International Confederation of Trade Unions (ITUC) and the International Organization of Employers (IOE) to reassess their role in the framing of contemporary global social policies and to repositionate themselves as key actors in the formulation of global standards (such as the « social protection floors »). However, given the uncertainty regarding who is going to represented « business » worlwide, the limited inclusiveness of these fora, and the relative weak degree of accountability of these fora compared to already existing structures of global social governance, the democratic potential of the B20/L20 nexus needs to be questioned.


Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading preventable cause of heart failure (HF) for which early detection and treatment is critical. Subclinical‐AF is likely to go untreated in the routine care of patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D).


In the domain of bioinformatics, the role played in the biological process by proteins, that act as transmitters and receivers of information thus ruling the mechanisms that determine how organic systems function, has great importance. Recent studies produced evidence of a strict correlation between the surface characteristics of proteins and the way they interact. In this paper we propose an original approach for discovering protein similarities based on their surface characteristics represented in terms of surface patterns. The approach starts from a detailed representation of the protein surfaces and determines a set of characteristic regions that defines a compact representation of the protein surface that is the input for an ad-hoc data mining technique used to find the frequent patterns. Tests, carried out on a benchmark dataset of molecules with suitably designed surface mutations, show that surface patterns can be used to correctly classify groups of similar proteins.


A multiple instance learning problem consists of categorizing objects, each represented as a set (bag) of points. Unlike the supervised classification paradigm, where each point of the training set is labeled, the labels are only associated with bags, while the labels of the points inside the bags are unknown. We focus on the binary classification case, where the objective is to discriminate between positive and negative bags using a separating surface. Adopting a support vector machine setting at the training level, the problem of minimizing the classification-error function can be formulated as a nonconvex nonsmooth unconstrained program. We propose a difference-of-convex (DC) decomposition of the nonconvex function, which we face using an appropriate nonsmooth DC algorithm. Some of the numerical results on benchmark data sets are reported.


This ongoing research project focuses on the ways in which the influences of western art are ingrained in the artwork and contributed to significant shifts in the development of visual art in this country. The practice of observation, analysis, and classification for each selected connected artwork is supported by the review process from earlier and recent visual compilations as well as visiting the specific art institution, which might be public or private. The work was categorized and identified according to the topic, and the techniques and characters were used to highlight the features of the abstract style. The artwork produced by the female artists shows a different output and shares their identities and thoughts.


The role of calmodulin (CaM) in modulating calcium (Ca) uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of vascular smooth muscle was studied in saponin skinned strips of rat caudal artery. Exogenous CaM concentrations ranging 0.3–1.8 μM did not statistically change the steady state MgATP‐dependent Ca content, the MgATP‐independent Ca content, or the oxalate‐stimulated Ca influx. Calmidazolium (CDZ), W‐7, and trifluoperazine (TFP) were used to examine the potential effect of an endogenous CaM pool on inward Ca transport. The IC50 of these antagonists for inhibiton of Ca‐CaM‐stimulated phosphodiesterase activity and Ca‐activated superprecipitiation of canine aortic actomyosin was measured and found to be be in the low micromolar range with a rank order of potency of inhibition of CDZ > TFP > W‐7. In skinned tissues, micromolar concentrations of antagonists that inhibited CaM‐mediated reactions in isolated enzyme systems did not reduce Ca content or oxalate‐stimulated Ca influx. At higher concentration of 100–200 μM, the MgATP‐dependent Ca content was significantly reduced by TFP and W‐7 but not by CDZ. The order of potency for inhibition of Ca uptake was TFP > W‐7 > CDZ. The MgATP‐independent Ca content was significantly decreased only by 200 μM TFP. Although none of these inhibitors significantly altered Ca efflux at concentrations up to 100 μM, Ca release was significantly stimulated by all three at 200 μM. The TFP‐stimulated Ca release was partially inhibited by ruthenium red. The results indicate that neither exogenous CaM nor an endogenous CaM pool directly modulates inward Ca transport by the SR of saponin skinned caudal artery. The inhibition of Ca uptake produced by hundred micromolar concentrations of CaM antagonists fails to correlate with the order of and with the potency of inhibition measured in isolated enzyme systems. This suggests that the inhibition of Ca uptake produced by high concentrations of these antagonists may be independent of a specific interaction with CaM. The activation of Ca release by high concentrations of CaM antagonists may involve a nonspecific increase in membrane permeability as well as modulation of a membrane Ca Chanel. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Artist: Compilation Reviewer: Kevin Dierks Producer: Heavy Load (Mastered by Al Scott at Metway Studios, Brighton) Label: Get in or Get Out Records Website: http://www.stayuplate.org/; http://heavyload.org/; http://www.myspace.com/disabledunderground Price: £5.00  Available for purchase at: http://heavyload.org/news.html#tshirt


Awarded the Nobel Prize for Fiction in 1993, Toni Morrison is one of America's leading novelists whose books are widely read and admired.


This paper explores the uneasy relationship between social movements and major political parties by considering the case of the Christian Right and the Republican Party in the 1994 elections. We look at four states where the movement was active in party politics and where Republican electoral fortunes varied from failure to success. We found that the degree of intraparty division generated by the Christian Right seemed to hurt Republicans at the polls, but the level of movement activity in itself apparently helped the Republicans. Most factors associated with support for the Christian Right did not help account for electoral outcomes across the states. Instead, the accessibility of the political party nomination processes to the movement best accounted for the election results: greater party openness was associated with poor results and more limited access with greater success for the GOP.


The public inquiry into paediatric cardiac surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary commissioned the authors to design and conduct analyses of routine data sources to compare surgical outcomes between centres. Such analyses are necessarily complex in this context but were further hampered by the inherent inconsistencies and mediocre quality of the various sources of data. Three levels of analysis of increasing sophistication were carried out. The reasonable consistency of the results arising from different sources of data, together with a number of sensitivity analyses, led us to conclude that there had been excess mortality in Bristol in open heart operations on children under 1 year of age. We consider criticisms of our analysis and discuss the role of statisticians in this inquiry and their contribution to the final report of the inquiry. The potential statistical role in future programmes for monitoring clinical performance is highlighted.


I deploy the sense-reference distinction and its kin from the philosophy of language to answer the question what in constitutional interpretation should, and should not, be able to change after founders adopt a constitutional provision. I suggest that a constitutional expression's reference, but not its sense, can change. Interpreters should thus give founders' assessments of reference only Skidmore-level deference. From this position, I criticize the theories of constitutional interpretation offered by Raoul Berger, Jed Rubenfeld, and Richard Fallon, and apply the theory to whether the Fourteenth Amendment forbids racial segregation in public schools.


In the last few decades, excessive greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere have led to significant climate change. Many approaches to reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere have been developed, with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) techniques being identified as promising. Flue gas emissions that produce CO2 are currently being captured, sequestered, and used on a global scale. These techniques offer a viable way to encourage sustainability for the benefit of future generations. Finding ways to utilize flue gas emissions has received less attention from researchers in the past than CO2 capture and storage. Several problems also need to be resolved in the field of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology, including those relating to cost, storage capacity, and reservoir durability. Also covered in this research is the current carbon capture and sequestration technology. This study proposes a sustainable approach combining CCS and methane production with CO2 as a feedstock, making CCS technology more practicable. By generating renewable energy, this approach provides several benefits, including the reduction of CO2 emissions and increased energy security. The conversion of CO2 into methane is a recommended practice because of the many benefits of methane, which make it potentially useful for reducing pollution and promoting sustainability.


Irreversible hydrocolloids, or simply alginates, are the most used molding materials in different areas of dentistry, due to their ease of handling, low cost and good reproducibility. The present work aims to analyze the dimensional stability of different types of alginates at different time intervals. It is applied research, in which its approach was qualitative-quantitative, of an exploratory nature. Three different brands of alginate were used, where a standard dummy was molded and the leakage happened immediately: G1 (n: 10) Hydrogun, G2 (n: 10) Jet Plus and G3 (n: 10) Ava gel. With the digital caliper, the distances were measured and compared with the standard model, the data obtained were tabulated, analyzed using parametric tests and the areas of each model were added. As a result, the area of the standard model was similar in both groups. It is possible to conclude that the type of alginate did not interfere with the distortion of the standard model.


While axioms of binary relations are already stable, it cannot be said about axioms of ternary relations. So, in 1] and 3], the reeexivity of ternary relations is deened in the following way: while in 7] it is deened more weakly: x 2 G) (x; x; x) 2 R: Similarly, the transitivity of ternary relations is deened in 1], 3], and 7] by the condition: In 13], the author has presented a general scheme of relational axioms for relations of any arity (not necessarily nite). The aim of this paper is to give a modiication of that scheme yielding richer possibilities. Let G, H be everywhere nonempty sets. By a relation (with the carrier G and the index set H) we understand a set R G H where G H denotes (as usually) the set of all mappings of the set H into the set G. N will denote the set of all positive integers. For any n 2 N we denote (n] = fm 2 N; m ng. In the case of a nite set H of cardinality k we shall not distinguish between mappings of the set H into the set G and k-tuples of elements of the set G. For any n 2 N we denote by S n the set of all permutations of the set (n], by S n (1) the set of all permutations of the set (n] mapping 1 onto itself (preserving 1). For any ' 2 S n and m 2 N, ' m denotes the m-th iteration of the permutation ', for any ', 2 S n , '' denotes the composition of the permutations ' and. id denotes the identical permutation of the set (n].


The invention discloses a multilingual conference information output method with a text output function. The multilingual conference information output method has the following implementing steps of: (1) constructing a voice recognition engine and a text translation engine, wherein the voice recognition engine is used for recognizing multiple languages and the text translation engine is used for translating a text into multilingual texts; (2) setting a language species adopted by a current conference speaker, and setting languages with which every conference participant is familiar; (3) acquiring the voice of the conference speaker in real time, extracting voice message features from the voice and converting the voice message features into a text according to the language species set in the step (2) by the voice recognition engine; and (4) translating the text into texts with which the conference participants are familiar according to the language species of the text output every conference participant set in the step (2) by the text translation engine and respectively outputting the texts to the conference participants. The multilingual conference information output method with the text output function has the advantages that: the intelligent multilingual recognition and on-site translation and output can be achieved, the recognition and the translation are fast and efficient, the output is friendly, and the use is convenient.


Research into extraction kinetics is one of the crucial factors in a technological process. Extraction is used predominantly when working with organic feedstock. The study of the kinetics of extraction of a substance is a complex process, which is influenced by a large number of factors. This paper presents an analysis of one of these factors, namely the influence of reverse sorption on the process of substance release from the matrix. Sorption can directly affect the intraparticle diffusion constants and, consequently, the rate of release of the substance. Using buckwheat husk as an example, its sorption capacity was assessed to assess the sorption factor on the rate of melanin release. To select the optimal parameters of the chemical process, the experiment was carried out at temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 degrees Celsius. The Axelrud and Baker–Lonsdale equations were used to describe the kinetic models.


On summing up the merits and demerits of digital design arts,it's evident that digital design arts should absorb the traditional cultures of different nations and different academic circles should replenish and learn from each other.The paper holds that traditional arts should be skillfully combined with digital design arts.


Abstract: This descriptive study aimed to find out the ability of the eleventh grade students of SMAN 5 Pekanbaru in writing narrative paragraphs. The population of the research was the eleventh grade students of SMAN 5 Pekanbaru, while the sample was 36 students of XI IPA 1 which was decided by using cluster sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was a written test. The students' score were graded by three raters and analyzed by using Harris' scoring system which concerned with five aspects of writing, such as content, form, grammar, style, and mechanics. The findings showed that there were 7 students (19%) in excellent level, 18 students (50%) in good level, 9 students (25%) in average level, and 2 students (6%) in poor level. It was also found that the students' ability in terms of content was the highest among the other aspects, with the average score of 75,69, while grammar was the lowest one, with the average score of 60. The students' average score for each aspect of writing was in good level. Based on the result obtained, it can be inferred that the eleventh grade students of SMAN 5 Pekanbaru were able to write narrative paragraphs and their level of ability was in good level with the average score of 66. This study recommended the students to pay more attention in terms of grammar and style since the score of these two aspects were low. Then, the teacher should pay more attention,too, on these two aspects as well as the other aspects: mechanics, form, and content. Further researchers can focus on studying each aspect in details. Keywords: Ability, writing, narrative paragraphs.


whEn prOMinEnt Anglo-Saxonist Allen Frantzen's numerous blog posts on feminism and its (in his view) attendant evils came to the attention of medievalists on social media, the furor and disappointment over his misogyny branched into a number of productive conversations about representation and exclusion within medieval studies as a whole, but with a particular emphasis on Anglo-Saxon studies. One of the persistent issues that emerged from this discussion, largely conducted online, was that rather than Frantzen's misogyny being aberrant, many scholars felt that a hostile attitude towards feminism and feminist criticism was often the norm, though usually expressed in a more covert fashion. It is tempting to view this hostility as yet another skirmish in the longrunning theory wars, in which, according to the standard portrayal, English departments were fiercely riven along partisan lines: philologists and "traditional" literary scholars huddling behind a shieldwall, and a mycel hæðen here of theorists of all stripes, having established a foothold territory, endeavoring to conquer all. As attractive an explanation as this war story is, in terms of the field of Old English I would position the theory wars not as the beginning of a schism between radically different approaches to the study of texts, but as a shift providing a convenient new


We developed extraction functions of a face candidate region with color information and parts of its face and combined them with the gender and age estimation algorithm we had already developed so that the algorithm can be applied to real time captured face images. The experimental results have shown hitting ratios of 93.1% and 58.4% for gender and age respectively.


A PIONEERING nurse-led teleconsultation service is improving access to primary care services for older patients living in rural areas, research published today in Nursing Standard has found.


Introduction: Retinal vein occlusions (RVOs) are the most common retinal vascular disease second to diabetic retinopathy and a major cause of vision loss.
Methods: The present study was done at our tertiary care center to study the role of risk factors in Retinal Venous Occlusive diseases and correlation of occurrence of lesions with various risk factors. The study objective is to study the role of risk factors in Retinal Venous Occlusive diseases.
Results: Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is a significant cause of loss of vision. Of the two major types of RVO, Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion (BRVO) is 4-6 times more widespread than Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) and is the most frequent type of RVO. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a significant risk factor for RVO in patients below 40 years on age. Presence of multiple risk factors increases the chances of development of RVO.
Conclusion: There is a statistically significant difference between Known cases and Newly Diagnosed cases of RVOs, showing that there is a higher risk of developing RVOs in patients.


How to design an effective experiment system to teach computational intelligence methods is big challenge nowadays. For the computational intelligence course, we design an aquaponics system and use the project-based teaching method. The aquaponics experiment system includes PLC, LabVIEW and OPC technology. The computational intelligence teaching project has data acquisition, sensors, and model subsystems. This project-based teaching method not only allows students to easily learn the computational intelligence methods and soft measurement, but also enhances their practical skills. Finally, we provide the teaching evaluation of the proposed teaching method.


In dental prosthodontics, miniaturized unit assembly systems are increasingly used in order to enable the optimized adaptation of the prosthesis to the individual anatomic situation. To manufacture these miniaturized systems, there is the need to cover the complete device, in the reported case made of polycarbonate, comprising among others springs that apply pressure to fix and adjust the prosthesis. The laser is a suitable joining tool for applications in micro technology. Therefore, laser transmission welding was investigated for joining the specific miniaturized components, so-called retention modules. The housing was made of PC with carbon black. The cover consisted of transparent PC with a thickness of 400 μm along the joining contour. The wall thickness of the joining partners amounted to 400 μm. The investigations presented in this paper include detailed examinations of the welding process with and without laser mask. For both process variants, the influence of the main process parameters laser output power, welding speed and focal position was studied. The process was qualified especially with regard to joining strength, swelling, process time, reproducibility, accuracy and functionality of the complete assembly. It was examined how the positioning of the mask determines the formation of the weld seam. The geometry of the retention module and the clamping were optimized. It turned out that the clamping of the components is crucial for a reliable process. Optimized process conditions enable the micro welding of plastic components for dental products considering the high requirements regarding functionality, biocompatibility, lifetime, and esthetics. Laser transmission micro welding proved to be a suitable method to package the final assembly without any refinishing operation.


In a net-zero emissions scenario, a secure supply of electricity involves renewable generators that can flexibly increase their production when needed. Currently, electricity generation from biogas in the water industry is most commonly at a steady level, given anaerobic digestion (AD) is traditionally operated in a steady state. This research demonstrated at different scales that demand-driven biogas production from AD of sewage sludge is feasible. Performance parameters are not negatively affected by a flexible feeding schedule and stability parameters show transitional imbalances that do not threaten the overall process. This paper presents the trial implementation in digesters of volume 3,800 m3, which became permanent. Economic and environmental benefits exist; however, in order to unlock the full potential of flexible electricity generation from sewage sludge, synergies between technical, operational and political factors in the water and energy sectors need to be developed.


The recovery times of upper D region electron density elevations, caused by lightning‐induced electromagnetic pulses (EMP), are modeled. The work was motivated from the need to understand a recently identified narrowband VLF perturbation named LOREs, an acronym for LOng Recovery Early VLF events. LOREs associate with long‐living electron density perturbations in the upper D region ionosphere; they are generated by strong EMP radiated from large peak current intensities of ±CG (cloud to ground) lightning discharges, known also to be capable of producing elves. Relaxation model scenarios are considered first for a weak enhancement in electron density and then for a much stronger one caused by an intense lightning EMP acting as an impulsive ionization source. The full nonequilibrium kinetic modeling of the perturbed mesosphere in the 76 to 92 km range during LORE‐occurring conditions predicts that the electron density relaxation time is controlled by electron attachment at lower altitudes, whereas above 79 km attachment is balanced totally by associative electron detachment so that electron loss at these higher altitudes is controlled mainly by electron recombination with hydrated positive clusters H+(H2O)n and secondarily by dissociative recombination with NO+ ions, a process which gradually dominates at altitudes >88 km. The calculated recovery times agree fairly well with LORE observations. In addition, a simplified (quasi‐analytic) model build for the key charged species and chemical reactions is applied, which arrives at similar results with those of the full kinetic model. Finally, the modeled recovery estimates for lower altitudes, that is <79 km, are in good agreement with the observed short recovery times of typical early VLF events, which are known to be associated with sprites.


A building structure includes a block of building material and a magnetic circuit buried in the block of building material. The structure also includes a plurality of sensing devices buried in the block of building material. Each sensing device may include a contactless power supplying circuit magnetically coupled with the magnetic circuit to generate a supply voltage when the magnetic circuit is subject to a variable magnetic field.


This article explores Mandate Palestine's immigration policy through the stories of migrants and settled residents who attempted to resist government-issued deportation orders for their removal fro...


Case Report An asymptomatic 76-year-old woman presented with a lung mass on chest radiography. She had received methotrexate for 5.5 years (4 mg per week for 4 years and 8 mg per week for 1.5 years) for rheumatoid arthritis. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography revealed lung tumors with an angiogram sign in the right middle lobe (Fig 1A). An endobronchial image on flexible bronchoscopy demonstrated ulcerative erosion surrounded by pale mucosa in the right upper lobe orifice (Fig 1B; white arrowhead indicates the right upper bronchus). A biopsy of the lesions showed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–related lymphoproliferative disease (LPD), which was compatible with grade 2 lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) according to the WHO classification on the basis of immunohistochemical findings. Serum EBV-viral capsid antigen immunoglobulin G index (12.9; normal, 0.5) and EBV nuclear antigen index (2.2; normal: 0.5) were elevated, whereasEBV-viralcapsidantigenimmunoglobulinMwasnegative.Realtime polymerase chain reaction for EBV DNA demonstrated 220 copies/mL (normal, 100 copies/mL). EBV hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the bronchus epithelium and subcutaneous infiltration of small lymphocytes, with necrosis (Fig 2A, 40 magnification; Fig 2B, 400 magnification). Figures 2C, 2D, 2E, and 2F show immunostaining using the CD20 antibody ( 40 magnification), CD79a antibody ( 40 magnification),latentmembraneprotein1antibody( 100magnification),and EBV-encoded small RNA–1 in situ hybridization ( 200 magnification), respectively. The positive results indicated EBV-induced B-cell transformation. Four weeks after discontinuation of methotrexate, chest radiography showed tumor shrinkage. Over the next 4 weeks, the disease improved remarkably (Figs 1C and 1D). The tumor has remained in this shrunken state for 1 year.


The emergence of Internet has provided an alternative channel for companies to promote their services and products online besides the traditional medium. An overview of Internet advertising diagram is also outlined in the paper. Banner ads, as the first form of Internet ads model, is a form of passive exposure in which the consumer does not consciously decide to view [4]. "Banner blindness" was coined [3] to identify users usually overlook banner ads on the Web. A pilot test was conducted to examine whether users do notice the banner ads on the Web. The results showed that graphics, content, and interactivity are the three elements users are attracted to click on the banner ads. Nielsen's 10 usability heuristic principle [5] is adopted on banner ads to illustrate the problem issue.


A cluster of four kimberlite bodies was discovered on the left bank of the Penner River near Timmasamudram village. Falling in the area known for alluvial diamond occurrences within the Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field (WKF), this cluster is located between the Kalyandurg Kimberlite Cluster in the west and Chigicherla Kimberlite cluster in the east. With the addition of kimberlite bodies in the present cluster, christened as the Timmasamudram Kimberlite Cluster (TKC), the total number of kimberlite bodies in WKF reaches to 27. Texturally, mineralogically and chemically, the kimberlite bodies in TKC match with the archetypal Group-I kimberlites. Typically they fall in the non-micaceous kimberlite field. The mantle xenocrystic mineral chemistry shows conditions congenial for diamond formation in these pipes, which is further supported by actual microdiamond recovery from the soft kimberlitic yellow ground.


In recent years, electronic-cigarette (e-cigarette) use has spread to the point of a public health emergency. E-cigarettes deliver well-known toxic materials such as nicotine, carbonyls, tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines, and heavy metals. 1 While these toxic materials likely cause pulmonary epithelial and endothelial dysfunction, their effects on the human lungs are poorly understood, especially for healthy young adults during the early exposure period. Recent epidemiologic studies have raised serious concern for at-risk groups of adolescents and young adults, especially considering the exponentially increasing consumption and immense popularity of e-cigarettes. 2,3 Numerous cases of severe respiratory failure linked to e-cigarettes have been reported in young adults and adolescents who use e-cigarette containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) oil. 4 Now, emerging cases link e-cigarette use in adolescents to confusing pictures of risk for acute lung injury during the days of COVID-19. 5 These events have raised an urgent need to understand potential pathology caused by e-cigarettes so


The invention relates to an exhaust recirculation system with an elastic component and belongs to the technical field of internal combustion engines. The exhaust recirculation system comprises a gas inlet pipe, an engine, an exhaust pipe, a connecting pipe, an volume cavity, a moving body and the elastic element, wherein the cross section of the volume cavity is in a rectangular shape, the moving body is arranged in the volume cavity and is in contact with the inner wall surface of the volume cavity in a sealed way, and the moving body is connected with the lower wall surface of the volume cavity through the elastic element. When the engine is in a high-speed work condition, the moving body upwards moves in the volume cavity, the exhaust recirculation rate is higher, the exhaust temperature is lower, and the integral performance of the engine is better. When the engine is in a low-speed work condition, the moving body downwards moves in the volume cavity, the exhaust regeneration rate is lower, the air intake is greater, and the integral performance of the engine is better. The exhaust recirculation system has the advantages that the design is reasonable, the structure is simple, and the exhaust recirculation system is applicable to the exhaust regeneration system of the engine.


The reaction of [FeII(tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, TPA)(NCCH3)2]2+ with 1 equiv. peracetic acid in CH3CN at −40°C results in the nearly quantitative formation of a pale green intermediate with λmax at 724 nm (ɛ ≈ 300 M−1⋅cm−1) formulated as [FeIV(O)(TPA)]2+ by a combination of spectroscopic techniques. Its electrospray mass spectrum shows a prominent feature at m/z 461, corresponding to the [FeIV(O)(TPA)(ClO4)]+ ion. The Mössbauer spectra recorded in zero field reveal a doublet with ΔEQ = 0.92(2) mm/s and δ = 0.01(2) mm/s; analysis of spectra obtained in strong magnetic fields yields parameters characteristic of S = 1 FeIVO complexes. The presence of an FeIVO unit is also indicated in its Fe K-edge x-ray absorption spectrum by an intense 1-s → 3-d transition and the requirement for an O/N scatterer at 1.67 Å to fit the extended x-ray absorption fine structure region. The [FeIV(O)(TPA)]2+ intermediate is stable at −40°C for several days but decays quantitatively on warming to [Fe2(μ-O)(μ-OAc)(TPA)2]3+. Addition of thioanisole or cyclooctene at −40°C results in the formation of thioanisole oxide (100% yield) or cyclooctene oxide (30% yield), respectively; thus [FeIV(O)(TPA)]2+ is an effective oxygen-atom transfer agent. It is proposed that the FeIVO species derives from O—O bond heterolysis of an unobserved FeII(TPA)-acyl peroxide complex. The characterization of [FeIV(O)(TPA)]2+ as having a reactive terminal FeIVO unit in a nonheme ligand environment lends credence to the proposed participation of analogous species in the oxygen activation mechanisms of many mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes.


No observation has so far been reported that heavy metal elements from atmospheric deposition were accumulated widely in the surface soil layers. In this research, 28 soil profiles from different climate zones and agro‐ecosystems in China were studied, and obvious enrichment of Ag, Ta, Ru, and Ir in the surface soils was discovered. It indicates that pollution of heavy metals emitted into the atmosphere from industrial activities is no longer limited to soils in the vicinity of power, metallurgic, metalworking, and machine‐making industries, and they may settle down extensively on land besides cities and industrial regions.


The year 1996 was a turning point in the Western research on early Muslim traditions (aḥādīth, āthār, akhbār). Two German studies were published that suggested a new method of dating these traditions: Gregor Schoeler's Charakter und Authentie der muslimischen Überlieferung über das Leben Mohammeds and Harald Motzki's two-part article "Quo vadis Ḥadīṯ-Forschung? Eine kritische Untersuchung von G.H.A. Juynboll: 'Nāfiʿ the mawlā of Ibn ʿUmar, and his position in Muslim ḥadīth literature.'" The following was demonstrated by both authors on the basis of traditions about the life of the Prophet (sīra) and other aḥādīth of the Prophet: when the varying chains of transmission (asānīd) and the varying texts (mutūn) of a tradition found in different sources are systematically checked against each other, and when their differences and congruities are analysed, it is possible to date this tradition more precisely – and often earlier – than when the more usual methods are applied, which focus either on the chains of transmission or on the texts. Their method was called isnād-cum-matn analysis. Since then several studies have been published that applied this method to traditions belonging to different branches of Muslim literature such as jurisprudence, Qurʾānic exegesis, the life of the Prophet, history and theology.


In this dissertation we evaluated the potential for generating electrical energy on a smaller stream, Pendirjevka, within the Krka river basin located on the Gorjanci hillside. The estimate was made on a section between two gravel barriers. Since the hydrologic data for this section were not available, we first checked the characteristical flows using empyrical formulas and then compared them with those of an adjacent river basin, whose long-time series of average daily flows were accessible. Based on the confirmation of the two basins being similar, we determined the series of Pendirjevka's average
daily flows in the discussed period.
The next step consisted of determining the available daily flows which can be exploited for energy purposes and determining the energy characteristics of the hydroelectric power station based on the chosen installed flow of the turbine. We gradually increased the installed flow and each time calculated the produced energy and its earnings. By doing so we determined the optimum installed flow and the characteristics of a power station for which an investment is economically legitimate.


The book investigates the history of partition in the twentieth century as one steeped in controversy and violence, and offers an extended study of the social and cultural legacies of state division in Ireland and Palestine.
As both regions are ones where partition continues to shape political events to this day, the book focuses on the period since the 1960s, when the original partition settlements in each region were challenged by Irish and Palestinian nationalists. The author has a particular interest in the construction of national literatures in the wake of state division.


Network function virtualization is a promising technique to greatly improve the effectiveness and flexibility of network services through a process named service function chain (SFC) mapping, with which network functions are deployed over virtualized and shared platforms in data centers. However, failures are quite common in data centers. Therefore, a practical and yet theoretically challenging issue in SFC mapping in such an environment is to manage the availability of the requests. In this paper, we present a framework to provision availability of SFC requests in a data center with multiple layers of connected devices, and the devices follow heterogeneous failure processes with the objective of minimizing resource usage. To expedite the process, we further propose an optimization problem of request mapping and backup estimation and solve it efficiently with an approximation algorithm. With simulations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework.


The established diffuse optical tomographic imaging system and the developed image reconstruction algorithm using different data-types and full time resolved data were experimentally evaluated.Results show that the measurement system has reasonable SNR and consistency among measurement channels.The data type R based on the generalized pulse spectral technology was able to reconstruct images in better qualities than the mean flight time.The algorithm using full time resolved data has the potential in reconstructing images in high spatial resolution but is apt to be interfered from experiment noise.


A curl-suppressing device for a paper web in a paper processing machine has a stationary deflecting bar (1) that extends transversely to the direction of travel (A) of the paper, a deflecting roller (4) parallel to the deflecting bar (1) and arranged downstream of the deflecting bar (1) in the direction of travel of the paper and two supporting plates (3) that carry the ends of the deflecting bar and deflecting roller and may be displaced around a swivelling axis (A3) on a stationary support (9). The paper web (2) to be decurled runs in a S-shaped path between the deflecting bar (1) and the deflecting roller (4) and is frictionally drawn over the deflecting bar (1). A regulating motor is associated to one of the supporting plates (3) to swivel the supporting plate (3) until at least the deflecting bar (1) may be moved out of contact with the paper web (2).


Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) belongs to the spondyloarthritides and disease activity can be evaluated by the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) and the Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI) 1. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) is a composite disease activity score for ankylosing spondylitis covering peripheral involvement in both versions selected by ASAS international society (ASDASCRP and ASDASESR)2. Objectives To evaluate the possible importance of ASDASCRP and ASDASESR to assess disease activity in PsA. Methods In a cross-sectional study patients attending our outpatient clinic and fulfilling CASPAR criteria of PsA underwent a complete rheumatologic assessment to calculate the disease activity score CPDAI and DAPSA for PsA as well as the ASDASCRP and ASDASESR after informed consent was obtained. On the same day a rheumatologist unaware of the clinical status of the patients performed B-mode and power Doppler (PD) sonography of peripheral joints, of tendon sheets and entheses according to the MASEI, and of perisynovial tissue of finger joints. Results were graded semi-quantitatively and sum scores were calculated for PD signals and for pathological B-mode and PD findings together (GLUS, range 0–832). Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data and correlations were analysed by the Spearman's rank correlation test. Results 67 of 84 included patients (49 male, 18 female; mean age 51 (SD 12) years; median disease duration 7 years (IQR 4–18) could be evaluated. We found a strong correlation of the DAPSA and CPDAI score and a low but significant correlation of the GLUS and the PD sum score with the ASDASESR and ASDASCRP (table). We observed only a moderate association of the DAPSA with the GLUS (r=0.52, 95%CI 0.32–0.68) and the association of the CPDAI with the GLUS and the PD sum score (r=0.25, 95%CI 0.003–0.47 and r=0.19, 95%CI -0.06–0.42, respectively) was even lower than the correlation of the GLUS and the PD sum score with the ASDASESR and the ASDASCRP. In PsA-patients with clinically defined remission 25.0% of the patients fulfilled the CPDAI and 29.1% the DAPSA remission criteria. However, in patients with clinically defined remission 50.0% and 54.2% fulfilled the ASDASESR and ASDASCRP criteria for inactive disease.Table 1. Correlation of the PsA composite and ultrasound scores with the ASDAS ASDASCRP (r, 95% CI) ASDASESR (r, 95% CI) CPDAI 0.67 (0.51–0.79)*** 0.58 (0.38–0.72)*** DAPSA 0.74 (0.60–0.83)*** 0.71 (0.56–0.81)*** PD sum score 0.24 (−0.01–0.46)* 0.29 (0.05–0.50)* GLUS 0.30 (0.06–0.51)* 0.37 (0.13–0.56)** *p<0.05; **p<0.005; ***p<0.0001. r: correlation coefficient; CI: confidence interval; PD sum score: semi-quantitative score of joints, entheses, tendons and perisynovial tissue with power Doppler signals; GLUS: global ultrasound score. Conclusions This cross-sectional study shows that the ASDAS might also be a valuable tool to measure disease activity and to define clinical remission in PsA. References Helliwell PS. Assessment of disease activity in psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2015;33:S44–7. Lukas C, Landewe R, Sieper J, Dougados M, Davis J, Braun J, et al. Development of an ASAS-endorsed disease activity score (ASDAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2009;68:18–24. Disclosure of Interest None declared


The gonadal dependence of certain hepatic enzymes has been studied in neonatal and pubertal rats with 14C-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). Microsomes from rats of 20, 40, 70 and 105 days of age produced 7α- and 7β-OH-DHA, and 7-keto-DHA in addition to 16-oxygenated products and A5-diol. The rates of 7α-hydroxylation (nmoles min-1mg-1) characteristic of adult males had appeared at 40 days of age and progressively increased thereafter. This transformation by tissue from females decreased from the values of 20-day-old animals to a constant minimum level. The formation of 16-keto-A5-diol, 16α-0H-DHA and A5-triol was significantly reduced from normal values in 70-day-old males which had been castrated at 1, 10 or 40 days of age. The rates of production of these 16-oxygenated metabolites were proportional to the age of castration, with neonatally castrated males having the lowest rates, similar to those of intact adult females. The pubertal increase of the 7α-hydroxylase activity was also prevented by castration o...


The changes to the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems due to climatic warming have been reported worldwide. Litter decomposition plays a key role in various processes, including soil biochemical cycles, organic formation, stabilization, and carbon budget; yet, it has been strongly affected by global warming. Soil enzyme activity serves as a key indicator for soil fertility in terrestrial ecosystems, and has been affected by climate warming. Consequently, it is important to elucidate the effects of the interaction among decomposition, climate warming to soil enzyme activity. Over past 20 years, various studies have shown that litter type influences litter decomposition. Most studies focused on evaluating litter decomposition rate and the factors that influence it, particularly climate warming. However, only short鄄term warming was assessed in many of these studies, normally, just one or more growth seasons, or one year. Therefore, it is indispensable to


price has also been a deterrent. This summary of volumes 1 and 2 is, therefore, most welcome, and Mr. Ronan has produced a readable condensation amounting to about one-third of the original. It is, however, dealing with somewhat dated material, opinions and facts having changed in the last two decades, but there is some attempt to bring the text up to date. This abridgement will be widely popular, for its deals with the general features of the history of Chinese science and its earliest periods. The further volumes promised will be most welcome and useful. There are nine essays in this book and they reflect the new attitude to traditional medical systems. They are no longer viewed as wholly primitive, and the wide interest in various forms of non-Western therapy may be a reaction to the overwhelming scientific treatment of the West. These articles survey-modern theory, data and methods of the merging science, medical anthropology, and deal with healing in countries such as Mexico, Serbia, the Philippines, Melanasia, and the African continent. Together they provide a most valuable addition to our knowledge of medical practices, and although these may be quite foreign to us, they may possibly be of relevance. This book will be of interest to anthropologists, historians of medicine sociologists, and medical practitioners.


Peasant communities in the northwestern Andean Cordillera of Peru utilize an effective tree management strategy which helps to satisfy their principal needs. Trees provide many material goods for the peasants, including wood for home and furniture construction, glue, cords, medicines, soap, and poison. However, weakness of the communal organization means that control of access to forest areas is inadequate, resulting in over-exploitation of forest resources, over-grazing, and soil erosion. An inventory of the major arboreal and shrubbery species in the area was compiled to provide a base for more sustainable manage- ment, as well as for better planning of future reforestation in the region. Priority was given to description of each species in terms of its local use, applicability for agroforestry, and position in the soil and landscape context in which it has developed. The genera Acacia, Alnus, Cordia, Erythrina, and Prosopis are proposed as the most effective for improvement of those forest areas that are used for grazing.


Biduri (Calotropis gigantea) was a plant with several benefits, namely as a medicinal plant and textile material. Biduri was a wild plant that could grow in various types of soil conditions. The existence of biduri was still not fully utilized by many people. So it was necessary to develop the cultivation technology of Biduri to take advantage of this plant. This research was conducted at the field laboratory of Jumantono, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Karanganyar, and used a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), which consisted of 2 factors, namely organic liquid fertilizer from livestock waste and mycorrhizae. Livestock waste liquid fertilizer consists of 40ml/kg soil cow urine, 40ml/kg soil goat urine, 40ml/kg soil rabbit urine, and 40ml/kg soil fish waste. Mycorrhizae consisted of 0 grams/plant, 5 grams/plant, 10gram/plant, and 15gram/plant. There were 20 treatment combinations repeated 3 times, so the total was 60 treatment combinations. The interaction between livestock waste liquid fertilizer and mycorrhizae did not significantly affect all the physiological observation variables. The results showed that the application of livestock waste liquid fertilizer had no significant effect on all observations of physiological variables. Giving mycorrhizae shows that it can increase the number of stomata and the width of stomata aperture.


The Forgotten Schools: The Baha'is and Modern Education in Iran, 1899-1934. By Soli Shahvar. London: I.B.Tauris (International Library of Iranian Studies, Volume 1 1) 265 pp. + index, appendicesAMIN BANANIPerhaps my repository of memories and recollections can add a dimension to Professor Soli Shahvar's excellent book about the rise, flourishing, and ultimate suppression of modern Baha'i schools in Iran - for those schools are not forgotten by me!I have vivid memories of the morning of 23 September 1 934 ( 1 Mehr of the Persian solar year 1313), my first day at the Tarbiyat School for Boys in Tehran. I had attended the co-ed Baha'i kindergarten off Amiriyyih Avenue behind the Tarbiyat School for Girls the previous year, and this was my year of coming of age and experiencing the serious world of school for boys. The atmosphere on that first day of the new academic year was festive and there was a buzz of new things in the air. In the office of the principal of the school, the baton was being passed from the venerable old Mr. Azizu'llah Mesbah to the young and energetic Ali-Akbar Furutan, a native of Sabzivar, but grown up in 'Ishqabad and a recent graduate of Moscow University in educational psychology. In many ways this change promised many novel turns in the applied educational philosophy at the Tarbiyat School.As members of each class from the first to the twelfth lined up on the courtyard and in the alcoves of the school to hear the chanting of the opening prayer, the buzz of excitement that was palpable on that morning was about the first proclamation of the new principal ending the practice of corporal punishment at the school. There was the dramatic call for A. Husayn, the keeper and administrator of the chub-u-falak (the bastinado for flogging the feet) to break up his contraption. This was, of course, in compliance with explicit teachings of Baha'u'llah and Abdu'1-Baha against corporal punishment and, as such, a significant move away from the norm of other schools. It further fixed the distinctive identity of the Tarbiyat School for Boys. It might be added that the Tarbiyat School for Girls under the principalship of American Baha'i women like Dr. Susan Moody and Adelaide Sharp from the early 1920s on had already ruled out corporal punishment. Although the most immediate beneficiaries of the new policy were the rowdy students who were the most likely victims of the bastinado, the announcement was a great and general morale booster on that morning.The short few months that I attended the Tarbiyat School for Boys left a lifetime of impressions and influence on me. Most important among them was a devotion to excellence in school work. When the Tarbiyat School was abruptly closed in December 1934, we all expected the ban to be lifted shortly. Eventually, as described by Professor Shahvar, most of us engaged some of the Tarbiyat teachers as home tutors for the remainder of the year, and finally entered other schools the following year. I and a number of my Tarbiyat School friends were put in the Zoroastrian school.The official reason for the shutting, first, of the Tarbiyat schools in Tehran, and eventually all of the Baha'i schools in the country, was that the schools had closed without official permission on a Baha'i Holy Day (the Martyrdom of the Bab). Professor Shahvar relates the various accounts of the events and sources of pressure leading up to Reza Shah's order to close the Baha'i schools permanently. Much has been plausibly guessed as the reasons for shutting down what was undoubtedly the best school system in the country, attended not only by Baha'i boys and girls but also by the sons and daughters of the elite of the country including some of the shah's own children.The capricious treatment of the Baha'is by Reza Shah must be noted. He chose Baha'is for every position of personal safety and security, from chef to barber to chauffeur, as well as trustees of his personal and armed forces finance. …


Prognostic paralysis may delay a change in gear for too long. Being alert to the possibility that a patient might benefit from supportive and palliative care is central to delivering better end of life care.