Exercise and physical activity have been studied and suggested as a way to reduce or minimize the effects of pre‐eclampsia. Our aim was to evaluate the association between exercise and/or physical activity and occurrence of pre‐eclampsia. We conducted electronic searches without year of publication and language limitations. This was a systematic review designed according to PRISMA. Different databases accessed were as follows: PubMed®; Latin‐American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); Scientific Electronic Library On‐line (SciELO); Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro); and ISI web of KnowledgeSM. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were as follows: ("exercise" OR "motor activity" OR "physical activity") AND ("pre‐eclampsia" OR "eclampsia" OR "hypertension, pregnancy‐induced"). Inclusion criteria were studies conducted in adults who were engaged in some physical activity. The selection and methodological evaluation were carried out by two independent reviewers. Risk assessment was made by the odds ratio (OR) and incidence of pre‐eclampsia in the population who performed physical activity/exercise. A total of 231 articles were found, 214 of which were excluded based on title and full‐text, so that 17 remained. Comparison of six case–control studies showed that physical activity had a protective effect on the development of pre‐eclampsia [OR 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64–0.91, p < 0.01]. The 10 prospective cohort studies showed no significant difference (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.93–1.05, p= 0.81). The only randomized clinical trial showed a protective effect on the development of pre‐eclampsia in the stretching group (OR 6.34, 95% CI 0.72–55.37, p= 0.09). This systematic review indicates a trend toward a protective effect of physical activity in the prevention of pre‐eclampsia.


This paper examined the occurrence of test anxiety among student nurses in selected Nursing Schools in Ghana. A total of one hundred and sixty four student nurses (N= 164) were drawn from five Nursing Training Schools in Ghana using stratified sampling technique. The Westside Test Anxiety Scale was administered to students from the various schools who came to Pantang Psychiatric Hospital for affiliation. Results were analysed using the independent t test and ANOVA. The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant difference in test anxiety among the various ages of the students. Secondly, there was no significant difference in anxiety scores among males and females. Thirdly, there was no significant difference in test anxiety between Christians and Muslims. There was also a significant difference in test anxiety levels among the various types of training with Health Assistant Clinical (HAC) students reporting higher test anxiety compared to both Registered General Nursing (RGN) and Midwifery students. The final finding was that there was a significant difference in reported test anxiety levels among students from the various schools with those from private institutions reporting significantly higher levels. It was recommended that the various HAC schools should organised training programmes for students on how to prepare and take exams and tests successfully.


In structural dynamics, the modeling of steady-state thin plate bending is an important but, especially at high frequencies, computationally challenging problem. When solving the displacement of an elastic thin plate, a fourth order partial differential equation (Kirchhoff's plate equation) needs to be solved. In addition, two boundary conditions are needed in order to uniquely solve the problem. Polynomial methods, such as the finite element method (FEM) and discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM), are generally used to solve the plate dynamics. At higher frequencies the computational burden of a low order FEM becomes rapidly unbearable. Consequently, non-polynomial modeling methods are investigated because of their capability to solve the problem more efficiently than the standard FEM. The non-polynomial method used in this study is called the ultra weak variational formulation (UWVF). The UWVF uses finite element meshes and it is essentially an upwind DGM with a special choice of basis functions. To date, ...


The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of Type D personality with demographic factors and various clinical characteristics, as well as the relationship of Type D personality with the quality of working life among adult childhood cancer survivors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1st September 2018 until 1st September 2019. The participants were working adult childhood cancer survivors who were undergoing hospital follow-up sessions. Type D personality was assessed using the Type D scale, while the quality of working of life was evaluated using the Quality of Working Life Questionnaire for Cancer Survivors. Descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance and bivariate correlations were used to analyse the data collected. Among the adult childhood cancer survivors, 25.3 percent were found to have Type D personality. The study results showed the association of Type D personality with employment status [F(2, 66) = 3.27, p = 0.028] and the number of cancer diagnoses performed [t(67) = –3.89, p = 0.000]. Type D personality was also associated with decreased quality of working life (r = –0.289, n = 69, p < 0.05). This investigation, the first to assess Type D personality among adult childhood cancer survivors in Malaysia, offers new knowledge that can be used to help practitioners design intervention strategies to curb damaging psychological tendencies among this group, and improve their emotional and social wellbeing.


Music is one of the arts in West Nusa Tenggara region, precisely in Lombok Island. In that region there are two types of Kecimol, modern and traditional. The existence of these two types of cimol is very contradictory. The existence of these two types of kecimol is in compatible. The existence of modern kecimol is much more popular than the traditional one in the community life. The occurrence of the above phenomena arose the desire to raise the traditional kecimol music as an object of study with the aim to elevate the existence of the music as a cultural attraction that contains Sasak cultural values. This study is the initial step to understand the existence of kecimol music because of several topics to be discussed such as: background and history of the existence of ketimol music, its shape, structure and function in community life.


This article thinks with and against photographs taken by British military photographers in Hong Kong at the end of World War II, during the transition from Japanese back to British colonial rule. Building on Lisa Yoneyama's account of the "postwar settlements" through which "the war's meaning" was defined and contained, I situate the photographs as part of a broader British effort to reassert the legitimacy of colonial rule at a crisis point for empire by refiguring Asian liberation as an affordance, or synonym, of British (re)occupation. At the same time, I read the photographs for what they can tell us about the liberatory knowledges that Asian colonial subjects had cultivated, or might have, throughout years of war and occupation. In this way, the article meditates on the predicaments of liberation in an Asian place where the horizon of decolonization continues to be difficult to discern, focusing on the care work necessary for survival as a crucial site and practice of liberatory political imagining.


This paper first introduces the modified Anas Abo Zena's method for computation of surface waves dispersion functions, which is a stable algorithm at very high frequency and can be used to compute the dispersion curves for site investigation and non-intrusive diagnosis. Then this paper discusses the solutions of the dispersion functions by Monte Carlo method and compares them with those by the Newton iteration method. The results show that Monte Carlo method can tackle the inverse velocity profile that is difficult to be resolved by the Newton iteration method.


Parenteral Nutrition (PN) is intravenous nutrition that is administered to assist in meeting the infant's nutritional requirements for growth and development when enteral feeding is withheld or delayed. Standard PN is used preferentially at CAHS (KEMH NICU and PCH NICU) for preterm and term infants. Standard PN consists of pre-determined amounts of glucose and amino acids and standard concentrations of electrolytes, trace elements and heparin. If clinically indicated, consultants may order Non-Standard PN by making modifications to the concentration of glucose, amino acids, sodium, potassium and/or acid/base balance in the Standard PN. If clinically indicated, consultants may request that phosphate and calcium is modified in standard amounts by pharmacy.


Abstract Context: Vanillin is known to possess important antioxidant activity. Objective: The current study was conducted to establish the therapeutic efficiency of vanillin against potassium bromate (KBrO3)-induced depression-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice. Material and methods: Mice were exposed during 15 days either to potassium bromate (KBrO3), KBrO3+ vanillin or to only vanillin. Results: Our results revealed a significant modification in the fatty acid composition of the KBrO3-treated mice. In addition, KBrO3 induced a significant reduction in enzymatic activities and gene expressions, Na+ –K+  and Mg2+-ATPases, acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase activities. The gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and COX2, significantly increased in the cerebrum of KBrO3-treated group. Histopathological observations were consistent with these effects. Co-treatment with vanillin significantly attenuated KBrO3-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Conclusion: This work suggests that vanillin mitigates KBrO3-induced depression, and that this neuroprotective effect proceeds through anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.


Purpose Medicare will be fundamentally changing the basis for payment in home health (HH) effective January 1, 2020. Instead of paying for the number of therapy visits provided, Medicare will pay b...


STEPHEN M. LEWIS, 'Vikings on the Ribble: Their Origin and Longphuirt'. Parts of north-west England were settled by groups of Scandinavians in the tenth century, certainly Cumbria and the Wirral. South-west and northern Lancashire also witnessed Scandinavian immigration. Some, but very likely not all, of these Scandinavians had come from Dublin after they were temporarily expelled by the Irish in 902. But where did these Irish Northmen establish their initial winter camps and their first ship-bases, what were called longphuirt (sing. longphort) in Ireland? There is little doubt that such bases existed before some of these Irish exiles stopped being a raiding force and started to settle down. Not one ship-base has ever been found in north-west England, unlike in Ireland or even in other parts of England. Based on an examination of geography and longphort site-types, this article proposes and evaluates the three most likely sites for such longphuirt along the Ribble estuary. The historical background and context for Scandinavian activity and settlement in south-west Lancashire is also discussed; as are related events in Ireland and Northumbria. The period covered is roughly 902 to 919. MICHAEL SPENCE, 'Fountains Abbey and the Acquisition of Bordley-in-Craven: Anglo-Scandinavians, Scots and Monastic Flocks'. The article examines unpublished material in the surviving manuscripts of Fountains Abbey relating to a key Pennine location for wool-producing activity, and the lengths the monastery was prepared to go to in order to secure exclusive access. Incidental information in these early records reveals little-known aspects of the wider medieval history of Craven in Yorkshire. Twelfth-century charters disclose the insecurity of Stephen's reign (1135–54); protective measures adopted by local landholders against the threat of Scottish incursions; and identify the estates of a Domesday thane in north-west England and the continuity of his descendants a century after the Norman Conquest. Other evidence points to the acquisition, then later disposal of lands in Craven by Scottish sympathisers. Against this background Fountains Abbey is observed building up its economic strength with acquisitions of sheep-grazing lands from all parties. The Appendix contains a transcription of unpublished charters of Bordley in the records of Fountains Abbey. WILLIAM D. SHANNON, 'The Last Abbot of Whalley and the First Large-Scale Maps from Lancashire and Cheshire'. The early sixteenth century saw a dramatic increase in 'cartographic consciousness', one manifestation of which was the use of maps in courts in connection with land cases. Monks were at the forefront of this development, and one such monk was John Paslew, Abbot of Whalley, responsible directly or indirectly for the earliest known large-scale maps from both Lancashire and Cheshire. These are simple pen-and-ink sketch maps, but they clearly show the position of the land in dispute in relation to the surrounding manors and their lords. The first, dating from 1507–10, shows the area around Stanlow, Cheshire, a grange of Whalley, and is concerned with a dispute with a neighbouring lord over some marshland, which passed between the Council of the Marches, the Council Learned in the Law, the Chancery Court of the Duchy of Lancaster, and the Palatinate Court of Chester. The second, dating from 1522, was produced in connection with a dispute in the Duchy court concerning an enclosure by a neighbouring lord of wetland in Staining, Lancashire, another grange of Whalley. It is interesting to note that two other early Lancashire map-makers also had links to Whalley Abbey, Laurence Nowell and John Braddyll. LAURA SLATER, 'Jerusalem Transformed in Post-Reformation England: The Case of the Cliffords and Beamsley Hospital'. The major architectural and topographical landmarks of the holy city of Jerusalem were remapped and recreated across sites in medieval and early modern Europe. They functioned as sites of virtual pilgrimage and as reminders of the Crusades. This article explores an extremely unusual example constructed long after the English Reformation. Beamsley Hospital, near Skipton in North Yorkshire, may be architecturally unique amongst English almshouses. Its unusual circular form echoes medieval English recreations of the Holy Sepulchre Church. Founded in 1593 by a committed Puritan patron, Lady Margaret Clifford, this article argues that the hospital can be understood as an assertive Puritan statement against the traditional practice of pilgrimage. The Holy Sepulchre Church in Jerusalem, the greatest Christian pilgrimage destination on earth, is physically transformed at Beamsley into its godly Protestant alternative, that of charitable work. BRIAN ROBSON, 'Friends in the North: In-Fighting in the Re-Making of Newcastle'. The dramatic re-building of Newcastle in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was accompanied by considerable jostling for credit amongst the architects, writers and cartographers involved. The rivalries reflect the domination of the region by a firmly entrenched oligarchy and the consequent need for 'outsiders' (either social or geographical) to seek patronage from local influentials. NIGEL HALL, 'The Governance of the Liverpool Raw Cotton Market c. 1840–1914'. As the Liverpool raw cotton market evolved in the early decades of the nineteenth century, the Liverpool Cotton Brokers Association came into being as a group of brokers meeting largely to collect market statistics. Its membership rules excluded merchants and spinners from joining. As it developed, it formulated rules for governing the cotton market. New trading activities by brokers (especially an expansion of their role in importing cotton during the 1870s) and the brokers' institutional advantage, particularly in terms of access to the Clearing House for cotton futures contracts, led to conflict with the port's cotton merchants. The brokers' association had also blocked changes in the market proposed by the Cotton Spinners Association, particularly in relation to cotton speculation. The merchants and spinners entered a tactical alliance to try to break the power of the Liverpool Cotton Brokers' Association. The new Liverpool Cotton Association that emerged from the dispute was, nonetheless, very much a continuation of the old brokers' association. The merchants were largely satisfied by their inclusion in the new body but the cotton spinners were, and remained, largely shut out of decision-making in the Liverpool market. On a number of issues the spinners' desired reforms of the market were rebuffed by the Liverpool Cotton Association. CLIVE D. FIELD, 'Religion in Worktown: Anatomy of a Mass-Observation Sub-Project'. Although Mass-Observation's pioneering social survey of industrial Worktown (Bolton), Lancashire in the late 1930s is generally well known, no serious investigation has hitherto taken place of its sub-project on religion. A preliminary survey of the extant and somewhat disordered documentation here enables a basic history of the sub-project to be constructed for its principal phase in 1937–38, spanning organisation, research methodology, and plans for a book which never saw the light of day. The account is underpinned by detailed references to relevant material in the Mass-Observation Archive, thereby facilitating future scholarly exploitation. Briefer descriptions are also provided of subsequent phases of Mass-Observation's religion research in Bolton, during the early months of the Second World War and in the summer of 1960. A summative assessment finds that the overall output from the sub-project is somewhat disappointing and methodologically impoverished, more illuminating of religious institutions in the town than of the role of religion in the everyday lives of ordinary Boltonians, especially non-churchgoers.


Drawing on social cognition frameworks, we experimentally examined preservice teachers' implicit attitudes toward students with special educational needs (SEN) from different ethnic backgrounds and preservice teachers' explicit attitudes toward inclusive education. Preservice teachers (N = 46) completed an evaluative priming task and questionnaires. Results showed indifferent implicit attitudes toward students with SEN with immigrant backgrounds and positive implicit attitudes toward those without immigrant backgrounds. Furthermore, participants reported a high motivation to act without prejudice toward minorities but held less favorable explicit attitudes toward inclusion of students with SEN, especially students with behavioral problems. Differential patterns of implicit and explicit evaluations could bias teachers' interactions with students. Findings are discussed with respect to implications for educational practice and research.


One way that firms have adapted to competitive pressures in today's global marketplace is to use asynchronous communication technologies to support virtual project teams. To better understand the effectiveness of these dispersed teams, we compare the asynchronous communication transcripts of high and low performing virtual teams working on the early stages of software design. We also compare these results with data gathered from actual design teams working in a traditional face-to-face environment. Preliminary findings show that the high performing virtual teams significantly out-communicated the low performing virtual teams in terms of the number of lines communicated between team members. High performing teams sent more communications regarding design alternatives and also spent considerably more effort summarizing their work and discussing the write-up of the design deliverable. Additionally, high performing teams mirrored the face-to-face teams from the field study in terms of the distribution of communication covering various design activities.


Due to the alarming effect of synthetic and chemical-based agriculture on human health and the environment, organic farming has been receiving increasing attention around the world. Panchagavya (PG) and farmyard manure play crucial roles in organic farming's nutrient management. Despite its known potential in crop applications, Panchagavya microbial profile has yet to be mapped. The aim of this study is to unveil the succession of bacterial communities in Panchagavya during the fermentation process using targeted amplicon analysis. The results revealed that 45 phyla, 92 classes, 168 orders, 333 families, 899 genera, and 2026 species were obtained from all samples, along with 5144 OTUs. Proteobacteria (36.61-70.98%) and Bacteroidetes (14.59-23.81%) were found in greater abundance in all samples, with Proteobacteria being the most common in all samples, followed by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes (12.67-29.58%). Pseudomonas was a dominant member of the fermentation process, along with Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , and Ruminococcus . The findings indicate that Panchagavya demonstrates effectiveness as a fertilizer due to its inclusion of advantageous microorganisms and growth stimulants for plants. Furthermore, some bacterial members that have not yet been characterized for any role in the soil and plant systems, urging a comprehensive investigation into the potential functions for future agricultural applications and practices.


OF THE DISCLOSURE Various substrates, including polymers that contain an aromatic nucleus, particularly phenolic resins, are plated with metals by pretreatment of the substrate surface with an alkali metal sulfide, followed by contacting the treated surface with a metal salt. The resulting treated surface is readily electroplated by conventional techniques. The metal salt treatment of the pre-treated surface can be performed by a metal salt solution in a conventional electroplating bath. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION There is a rapidly increating demand for metal plated articles, for example, in the production of low cost plastic articles that have a simulated metal appearance. Such ar ticles are in demand in such industries as automotive, home appliance, radio and television and for use in decora tive containers and the like. Heretofore, the metal plating of materials such as plastics has required many process Steps. It is an object of this invention to provide a simple proc ess for the metal plating of various substrates, including plastics. A further object of the invention is to provide articles having an adherent metal coating that is resistant to peeling, temperature cycling, and corrosion. Such coat ings are electrically conductive whereby static charges are readily dissipated from the plastic surfaces. Such conduc tive surfaces are useful in printed circuits. The metal coatings further serve to protect articles, especially plas tics, from abrasion, scratching and marring, reduce their porosity and improve their thermal conductivity. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention provides a process which comprises treating a substrate surface with an alkali metal Sulfide, and thereafter contacting the thus-treated surface with a solution of a metal salt. In one aspect of the invention, the resultant surface is electroplated to deposit an ad herent metal coating on the substrate surface. In still a further aspect of the invention, the alkali metal sulfide treated substrate surface can be directly subjected to an electroplating process, wherein the metal salt solution serves to provide a conductive surface which is then elec troplated in the conventional manner. The instant inven tion also provides articles having treated surfaces result ing from the above-described processes. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The process of the invention is applicable to various substrates which have a coarse, rough, irregular or porous surface or a surface that can be rendered coarse, rough, irregular or porous by chemical or mechanical methods. Suitable substrates include, but are not limited to, polymers such as phenolic resins, and synthetic rubber; polymeric articles such as poly(haloethylene) string; as well as un glazed porcelain, cork, wood, leather, and cotton fibers and cloth. O


ABSTRACT The ability to differentiate the directive senses of ask and tell was investigated using a production task in an experimental setting with children between the ages of 2; 6 and 6; 6. Results showed that the children at all ages distinguished the verbs along dimensions sensitive to adult ratings of politeness. There was a trend towards increased politeness with age under ask instructions, but not with tell instructions. Analyses of structural features of the directives produced showed that the interrogative form was more likely to be used with ask instructions, as was the word please, while tell instructions elicited the imperative, with less frequent use of please. The findings suggest that children before the age of 7; 0 are able to differentiate the illocutionary forces of utterances which have the same communicative intention.


Using the theory and methods of mathematical statistics,and basing on the fact that testing times are limited, this paper introduces a method for verifying the mean-square deviation based on Grubbs,and solves the problem of optimal estima- tion,testing and analysis of data from radar accuracy testing.The conclusion provides a basis for command decision.The example testifies that the method is correct and precise.


The effectiveness of the contraction of the UA dilator muscles plays a crucial role in the maintenance of UA patency. This study aimed to assess the effects of one-week velopharyngeal-task training (VTT) on sleep apnea severity and its genioglossus (GG) corticomotor excitability.

 Ten patients with sleep apnea underwent 1 h VTT on seven consecutive days. During the VTT protocol, subjects were asked to develop repetitive intra-oral positive pressure using cheek-bulging maneuvers while wearing a mouth piece to keep the jaw opened and maintaining an exclusive nasal breathing. They were encouraged to generate approximately 4% of Max pressure by maintaining the pressure inside the corresponding pre-set pressure target window for 2 sec every 10 sec. PSG recording and GG transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) response was obtained before and after the one-week VTT.

 One-week VTT was associated with a global AHI decrease by 33.8% (pre-VTT: 34.5±31.9 n/h; post-VTT: 25.5±26.7 n/h; p< 0.05) and progressed from moderate/severe to mild/moderate in 40% of patients. Although the bulging pressure remained unchanged (pre-VTT: 17.1±5.6 kPa, post-VTT: 19.4±5.4 kPa, p> 0.05), the amplitude of GG motor evoked potential in response to TMS significantly increased after the one-week VTT (pre-VTT: 639.4±380.9mV; post-VTT: 1128.5±623.9mV; p< 0.05).

 One-week VTT is sufficient to confer clinical benefits on patients with sleep apnea. VTT protocol is not oriented toward strength gain, but rather toward an enhancement in the upper airway muscle cortical excitability and improvement in the coordination of their contraction. The authors consider these results to be potentially clinically relevant and worthy of further investigation in a large randomized trial.

 National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant/Award Number: 81670085.


AbstractA computing program has recently been developed to predict corrosion fatigue crack growth in pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environments. Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)...


Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a group of alloys which demonstrate the unique ability of returning back to a previously defined shape or size if subjected to the appropriate thermal conditions. They have been implemented as actuators—where heat is controlled via applied current—in a wide range of applications spanning several fields such as robotics, aeronautics, automotive and medicine. SMA manufacturers specify what they refer to as the 'safe current' which is the maximum current that can be applied to the SMA wire indefinitely without damaging it by overheating. However, this current is typically specified at room temperature under natural convection conditions. The objective of this work is to develop controllers for SMA actuators in automotive applications and this requires predictable and consistent functionality across a wide range of ambient temperatures, typically from − 40 to 85 °C. Consequently, applying the safe current in cold ambient temperatures may not actuate the SMA whereas it could potentially over-heat the SMA at high ambient temperatures. In this paper, we use a novel approach involving resistance feedback to achieve more consistent actuation across a range of ambient temperatures and compare experimental results for several different control strategies. The results show that controller designs using an adaptive current to actuate the SMA wire achieved more consistent results across the desired range of ambient temperatures compared to using the fixed safe current. Of these designs, a controller strategy dubbed Minus 4.5% achieved the most consistent actuation results and was a significant improvement over conventional control strategies.


A mold with slits and external cooling water channels was designed for the direct chill casting processing. By imposing a high frequency magnetic field, the surface quality and microstructure of the direct chill cast billets are improved. The casting speed could be improved by the simultaneous use of mold and electromagnetic coil. In the case of one kind of Al-Cu-Mg alloy with a wide freezing range, the critical casting speed to break-out can be improved 60%. The microstructure of the billet cast with electromagnetic field is more fine and uniform than that of the conventionally cast billet, and the subsurface segregation usually observed in the conventional billets is eliminated.


This paper presents the results of quasi-static and dynamic tensile tests on 2, 3 and 4 mm thick 316L austenitic stainless steel. It details the test conditions and discusses the results, particularly focusing on strain rate sensitivity and methods of employing the tensile properties in the finite element package, ABAQUS. The results show that the stainless steel is moderately strain rate sensitive in the region of yield. At the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), some negative strain rate sensitivity was observed, which previous researchers for this grade of steel have not reported. Two main conclusions were drawn, namely (a) the strain rate sensitivity was too complex to be modelled accurately by a constitutive equation such as the Cowper-Symonds relation and (b) the properties of the tested materials could be accurately described by a few (true stress, logarithmic strain) coordinate pairs, as linear strain hardening was observed, for a given strain rate.


Three different experimental groups have recently published the results of their investigations on highly interacting relativistic nuclear fragments (denoted as ''anomalons''). These results are combined to form an anomalon data base, and then chi/sup 2/ analyses are used to demonstrate that the anomalon mean free paths are Z dependent. It is also demonstrated that these anomalon mean free paths lie on the boundary that delineates the ''domain of nuclear forces.''


Seal assemblies are provided, comprising a seal holder including a cylindrical wall portion having a tapered distal portion, wherein the cylindrical wall portion defines a central passage. The seal assembly comprises a ball seal supported in the central passage of the seal holder. The ball seal includes a distal aperture and a proximal aperture, wherein the distal and/or proximal aperture is dimensioned for substantial sealed reception with a surgical instrument. The ball seal is adapted for angular movement relative to a central longitudinal axis of the seal holder upon angulation of the surgical instrument, whereby the ball seal substantially maintains the seal with the surgical instrument. The seal assembly comprises a seal cover defining an aperture formed in a transverse wall thereof. The seal cover is configured for connection with the seal holder for maintaining the ball seal within the central passage of the seal holder.


Mobile devices offer a unique opportunity for integration with daily life functions on a unified platform. In spite of market penetration, mobile devices have not made any revolutionary impact on interfacing with the driving functions of an automobile. The primary challenge for this deficiency is the lack of unifying hardware/software platforms and barriers that exists between popular mobile ecosystems. In order to address these issues, this work proposes a unifying platform that has the potential to combine internet connectivity, reconfigurable and personalized user interface and interaction with the automobile. This futuristic paradigm for automobiles is demonstrated using an Android OS based tablet and interface hardware, where the tablet serves as the input device for primary or secondary vehicle functions and the interface hardware could be added to an existing dashboard controller. The interface hardware is based on a real-time multicore architecture board and can serve as the bridge between the connected world and local ecosystem in an automobile. In this article, we discuss our proposed architecture and explore the limitations of this architecture for application in real-time control.


This paper investigates a strengthening technique of slender S-section steel columns against global buckling about their strong axes. Carbon fibre-reinforced polymer plates of various Young's moduli, ranging from 168 to 430 GPa, were adhesively bonded to the steel flanges. The number of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer layers was varied to produce reinforcement ratios of 11–34%. The study comprised eight 2.6 m long pin-ended columns with a slenderness ratio of 83, including five strengthened with carbon fibre-reinforced polymer. The out-of-straightness imperfection of the columns ranged from length (L)/29,000 to L/1600. It was shown that the increase in strength ranged from 15% for the smallest out-of-straightness to 25% for the largest. Increasing reinforcement ratio of the 168 GPa modulus carbon fibre-reinforced polymer from 11 to 34% increased strength from 5 to 15%. Although a higher modulus carbon fibre-reinforced polymer would generally be favoured for achieving higher gains in buckling strength according to Euler's buckling theory, this study showed that failure strain of such carbon fibre-reinforced polymer could be a critical limiting factor. It is important that global buckling, and hence the peak load, is achieved before carbon fibre-reinforced polymer crushing.


Aims/Introduction:  The daily basal insulin doses/body weight and the daily basal insulin doses/total daily insulin doses of Japanese type 1 diabetes mellitus patients are less than those of Western type 1 diabetes mellitus patients. It is known that Western meals are richer in fat than Japanese meals. We speculated that fat intake might be associated with basal insulin dose in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.


The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a new 333 mg capsule of the protease inhibitor Indinavir. The new dosage formulation is important because a higher dose of 1000 mg every 8 hours is easier to manage with the 333 mg capsules than with the standard 400 mg capsules. In addition, the 400 mg capsules, which are used with the standard 800 mg dose, will now be available in single unit blister packs, making storage and dispensing easier.


Certainly, asset protection planning is a crucial part of a client's wealth planning today — especially for physicians. Everyone acknowledges that there is some risk of a beyond-insurance limits lawsuit for any doctor. If this is true, and proper asset protection may actually help you BUILD wealth, then such planning cannot be ignored.


Based on the function monotonicity in the mu- calculus formula, this paper presents a global model-checking algorithm for calculating the alternating nesting mu - calculus formula, whose time complexity is 0((2n +1 )lfloor(d+3)I4rfloor +lfloor(d+2)/4rfloor) and space complexity is O(dn) . It is the first known algorithm whose space complexity is O(dn) and the exponent part of time complexity is d /2 for a global model-checking algorithm in the full mu- calculus formula at present.


The occasional unsatisfactory results after reduction mammaplasty are classified and analyzed. Methods of revision in 4 illustrative cases are presented and discussed.


Film art anticipated many humanistic ideas which have only recently become the actual subject of consideration. The seventh art has pointed to many ethical dilemmas and controversies that the humanity encounters when facing different challenges of transhumanism. The Hollywood films exemplify this issue most adequately in the example of the cyborg. By creating dystopian works related to cyborgs (films, TV series, graphic novels) and profiting from them, the media industry uses a mixture of curiosity and fear evident in modern people faced with an increasing development of technologies, which alters their social surroundings. Within the social reality, due to the development of technologies, the cyborg has, as a media phenomenon, over a period of time, become a part of the present and of the immediate future. We live in the times in which we question and examine the former definitions and identity of humans in the light of a new hybrid identity of the cyborg as a direct mixture of man and machine.


A current-to-frequency converter was developed for low level current measurements of wide dynamic range. It measures currents from 5 × 10-13 to 6 × 10-5 amperes without range switching and by the use of state-of-the-art circuit components. It has a corresponding linear seven-decade transfer characteristic of 10-11 amperes per Hertz with a maximum output frequency of greater than 5 × 106 Hz. The converter was designed to monitor photomultiplier tube current in an automated thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) system.


A spin dephasing mechanism due to the inhomogeneous broadening in the D'yakonov-Perel' (DP) effect, which was totally overlooked in the literature, is calculated by solving the kinetic Bloch equations. The dephasing time calculated from this many-body study is markedly smaller than that calculated from the old formulism of the DP effect. The difference is attributed to the additional spin dephasing mechanism.


The dynamic model of a physical simulation experiment system for flexible satellites is given. The measurement model of the accelerometer placed at the end of the flexible panel is established and an adaptive filter is used for its data processing. Feedback control using vibration information obtained from the accelerometer signal is designed. The physical simulation experiment results show that the control scheme is effective in vibration suppression


The first problem of traffic incident management is the detection and confirmation of traffic accidents. The detection method based on coil and video data is limited to practical application due to its high cost and insignificant detection effect. This paper presents a traffic incident detection algorithm based on outlier mining. The algorithm extracts characteristics of traffic event and builds a set of eigenvectors by using the new real-time traffic information released by NavInfo. The algorithm is simple, efficient and easy to deploy. Experimental results show that compared with traffic incident detection based on pattern recognition, the proposed algorithm has higher accuracy and can effectively distinguish between conventional congestion and traffic incidents.


Histories of the idea of 'intellectual disability' and its genealogically related concepts such as 'idiocy' rarely consider cultural representations as historical evidence. However, this form of evidence can present another aspect to our attempts to reconstruct the historical image of 'idiocy'. Charles Dickens' novel Barnaby Rudge, with its 'idiot' protagonist, uses the image to engage with Chartism and debates over paternalism in the early Victorian period; there is a clear connection between the association of Barnaby with the mob, debates in the 1830s and 1840s over state participation in traditional paternalist structures and the development of 'idiot asylums' in the late 1840s and 1850s. Barnaby serves as a critical figure in the novel's justification of a strain of neo‐paternalism that rejects working‐class claims for greater authority while supporting certain rights and protections for the helpless poor.


The operation of the RF SQUID is restricted by the condition that the inductance parameter β L must be in the range of 1−3. However, since both ends of the Josephson junction (JJ) of RF-SQUID are shorted, it is difficult to non-destructively estimate the critical current (IC ). Thus, we proposed a technique for the non-destructive measurement of the IC of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) RF-SQUID ring by evaluating the behaviour of the flux in superconducting thin films using a SQUID magnetometer. A superconducting ring sample with JJ was placed below the HTS SQUID magnetometer and cooled down to 77 K. The change in the SQUID output was monitored on application of the magnetic field. When increasing the field, the waveforms indicated that the screening current of the ring sample exceeded the I C of the JJ, and the JJ became a normal-conducting state. As a result, we estimated the IC of the JJ of this sample as 134 μA using the values of mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient α between the coil and the sample.


We study the mapping class group of a nontrivial irreducible shift of finite type: the group of flow equivalences of its mapping torus modulo isotopy. This group plays for flow equivalence the role that the automorphism group plays for conjugacy. It is countable; not residually finite; acts faithfully (and n-transitively, for all n) by permutations on the set of circles in the mapping torus; has solvable word problem and trivial center; etc. There are many open problems.


This paper examines how MNEs operating within the International Product Cycle and an Improving Value-Added Chain between and within countries and industries can feel compelled by competitive pressures to expand globally through sales and FDI into emerging markets in order to find market growth and/or lower costs and then be trapped by graft and corruption and the risks associated with the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or similar statutes in other OECD countries. It also explains how herding, global competition and instant communication can create Financial Bubbles that amplify and exacerbate the existing corruption. It then offers MNE executives some possible approaches for identifying and managing corruption pressures including factor reversal and on-shoring strategies.


Propolis with a botanic origin in Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae), a plant species widely distributed in the Argentinean Monte region, was used to produce a standardized propolis extract by biological activity and chemical composition. In this paper the effect on microorganisms isolated from otitis was determined. The extract was active against different Staphylococcus strains with MIC and MBC values (75 and 150 μg DE/mL, 200 and 600 μg DE/mL, respectively) and with MIC values of 800 μg DE/mL against Proteus mirabilis. A pharmaceutical product, ear drops containing this extract as bioactive was developed. Stability of ear drops was evaluated for 6 months, and their biological activity, physical and phytochemical properties were preserved. Ear drops showed inhibitory activity on pro-inflammatory enzymes such as lipoxygenase (IC50 values 90 and 100 μg DE/mL), free radical-scavenging effect (SC50 values 23 and 30 μg DE/mL), antihelmintic (LC50 values 70 and 71 μg DE/mL), anti-candida (400 μg DE/mL) and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (200 μg DE/mL) at zero time and during six month-storage, respectively. The content of two chalcones, chemical markers of Zuccagnia -type propolis was quantified and its level was maintained while stored at room temperature. Its toxicity was also assayed. Our results are interesting since the extract and ear drops of Zuccagnia -type propolis developed could be promising for use in alternative medicine or phytomedicine as antibacterial, anti-candida, antihelmintic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.


OBJECTIVES: Report the case of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) in a male patient at the age of 2 years and 10 months. METHODS: A review of the medical record as well as the literature regarding the present conditions, via PubMed database. RESULTS: Male patient, 2 years and 10 months, referred for the first year of appearance of pruritic erythematodescamative annular plaques in lower limbs with dissemination to the trunk, upper limbs, and face, associated with scaling in the plantar region and nail dystrophy. The biopsy presented stratum corneum parakeratotic with hypergranulosis and moderate acanthosis. The diagnosis of pityriasis rubra pilaris was considered conclusive. Isotretinoin and oral antihistamine were prescribed, having complete improvement. CONCLUSIONS: PRP remains a challenging disease, be it on its pathogeny, diagnosis or treatment. Randomized studies would aid on establishing a standardized treatment for PRP, improving the quality of life of patients suffering from this disease.


Recent analytical developments on triple-flame lift-off devoted to the derivation of a stabilization diagram [1] are used to compare lift-off height prediction against experimental results [2]. To study lift-off properties with an approximate analytical solution, the mixing upstream of the flame base was estimated using a cold flow solution, while the speed of the flame front was obtained from recent derivation of triple flame speed including heat release effects [3]. The comparison between the approximate lift-off height solution and the measurements suggests that some of the specific features of laminar flame lift-off are not included in the cold flow mixing analysis. To understand the observed discrepancies between theory and measurement, numerical simulations of lifted laminar jet diffusion flames including heat release effects are performed. We compare the simulated lift-off height and blow-out position with their approximations provided by the analytical solution. As with the measurements, it is observed that flames are stabilized closer to the burner and the blow out condition is found for velocity larger than expected. The analysis of the simulations reveal that heat release effects strongly modifies both the mixture fraction distribution and the velocity fields at the flame base. Accordingly, the stoichiometric location where the flow velocity equals triple flame velocity is shifted upstream from its cold flow position. In consequence, for large values of the jet velocity, stable flames exist in the simulation for downstream streamwise positions where lean mixture, below the stoichiometric point, are expected in the cold flow theory. Some of the lifted flame properties experimentally observed are discussed at the light of the numerical results.


The decay of /sup 106/Rh was reexamined using coaxial junctions of Ge(Li) of different volumes. The energies and intensities of 167 gamma transitions were measured; 78 of these were reported for the first time. The coincidence measurements were carried out using a mixed aggregate of Ge(Li)- NaI(Tl). A level scheme for /sup 106/Pd is proposed with 36 excited states. Six new states were proposed at 2755.6, 2788.9, 2997.7, 3150.8, 3252.5, and 3274.8 keV. (tr-auth)


reducing the odds a manual for the prevention of cancer is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the reducing the odds a manual for the prevention of cancer is universally compatible with any devices to read.


We report medium-resolution [0.025 nm full width at half maximum (FWHM)] electron-impact-induced emission spectra of CO for 20-, 100-, and 200-eV impact energies. The emission spectra correspond to the extreme-ultraviolet transitions from the [ital B] [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0), [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0), and [ital E] [sup 1][Pi](0) vibronic states to the [ital X] [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0) ground state. The present measurements are carried out at 20 times higher spectral resolution (to separate the many blended components) compared to our previous measurements, which were at a spectral resolution of 0.5 nm FWHM. The emission cross sections corresponding to the [ital B] [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0) [r arrow][ital X] [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0), [ital C] [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0)[r arrow]X [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0), and [ital E] [sup 1][Pi](0)[r arrow]X [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0) resonance transitions were measured. In addition, excitation functions (0--1 keV) extending well into the Born region have been measured for the strong transitions [[ital B] [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0)[r arrow][ital X] [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0) and [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0)[r arrow]X [sup 1][Sigma][sup +](0)] and oscillator strengths have been determined, using a modified-Born-approximation analytic fit to the measured excitation function.


Problems relating to the abrasion of equipment is one of the most important issues in mining and associated industries. Hardening is a method of protecting metal equipment, metal tools, or important components against erosion, corrosion, and abrasion. This can be achieved by welding a thin layer of abrasion-resistant metal onto the surface of the work piece. The useful life of a piece of equipment or parts can be significantly increased by applying abrasion-resistant coatings, thereby reducing repair or replacement costs associated with damaged parts. This process is inexpensive in the production of parts and is often economically justifiable. This study focuses on measuring the abrasion resistance of a nano high-entropy alloy against copper oxide and high-grade iron ores. When a base alloy was coated with the nano high-entropy alloy, the abrasion indexes of iron and copper ores decreased from 0.0001647 kg to 0.0000908 kg and from 0.0001472 kg to 0.0000803 kg, respectively. The standard deviation, repeatability, and reproducibility were calculated for the alloy steel blade covered with nano high entropy alloy (N-HEA), producing values of 0.00016, 0.00047, and 0.00040, respectively, while a standard alloy steel blade exhibited values of 0.0003, 0.00047, and 0.00042, respectively. High-entropy alloys and high-entropy nano-alloys have not been used as practical coatings in the mineral industry in any form to date. Utilizing high-entropy nano-alloys in this industry would introduce innovative alternatives for customers, thereby increasing competitive advantages and providing international markets and customers = with the most efficient choices of operational materials.


In this perspectives paper, I discuss meaning-making as an information seeking and interaction enterprise. I present meaning-making as a vital human reaction to significant life changes and present indicative evidence of how people go about gathering information for making meaning within their lives. I discuss some of the various forms of information that can be used for meaning-making, why it is an information seeking task that is different to those we are used to in information seeking research, and motivate meaning-making as a new focus for information seeking and information interactions research.


The Planet Search Survey Telescope is an automated small‐aperture CCD imaging photometer designed to search for transits by extrasolar planets across the disks of their parent stars. It simultaneously observes thousands of stars with apparent R magnitudes between 10 and 13 in a field approximately 6° × 6°. Stars in this brightness range are well within the capability of the high‐precision radial velocity systems that have successfully detected over 100 extrasolar planets to date. The combination of the photometric transit depth and radial velocity amplitude can provide both the radius of the planet and a good estimate of its mass, since the orbit is nearly edge‐on. As a result, estimates of the planet's density and other parameters can be obtained.


The plant capacity to absorb high amounts of metal for a short period of time is the major factor that influences the efficiency of phytoextraction. The hyperaccumulating plants uptake high amounts in their tissues correlated to the metal concentrations in soil. Chelating agents have the capacity to induce the metal accumulation in biomass. They increase metal bioavailability for plants by releasing the metal in accessible forms. The present study emphasizes that in the case of EDTA use, the obtained biomass is smaller compared to the other variants, showing a lower tolerance to this chelating agent of Lolium perenne species. Cu and Fe phytoextraction by Lolium perenne species is higher in the case of EDTA use. Cu bioaccumulation has higher values in variants with compost-sterile mixture ratio of 1:4 in comparison with Fe. In the case of the best compost-sterile mixture ratio of 1:3 the highest biomass is obtained in all the variants, biosolids' effect being stronger compared to the chelating agent.


We experimentally and theoretically investigated the optimal condition of polarization spectroscopy for frequency stabilization on various pump beam intensities and vapor cell temperatures for the D2 closed transition line of 87Rb atoms. We compared the experimental results, such as the amplitude, width, and slope, of the polarization spectroscopy signal with the theoretical results obtained from the numerical calculation of temporal density matrix equations. Based on the results, we found the optimal parameters, such as the pump beam intensity and vapor cell temperature, for polarization spectroscopy. The theoretically expected optimal parameters were, qualitatively, in good agreement with the experimental results.


Melt studies on PVC systems at elevated temperature or long times are difficult. One consequence is that measurements may be possible only in the non-Newtonian region. The results indicate that even in this case the melt viscosity can be related exponentially with the weight average molecular weight by the 3.4 power. Since literature data are scarce, attempts were made to extend the range by mixing polymers. This led to the complication of dispersity both on a molecular scale and on a macroscopic level. The latter point is particularly important for PVC studies since the polymers are frequently blended with materials having different viscosities.


Consider an operator T : X(μ) → Y (μ) between Banach function spaces having adequate order continuity and Fatou properties. Assume that T can be factorized through a Banach space as T = R ◦S, where R and the adjoint of S are p-th power and q-th power factorable, respectively. Then a canonical factorization scheme can be given for T . We show that it provides a tool for analyzing T that becomes specially useful for the case of kernel operators. In particular, we show that this square factorization scheme for T is equivalent to some inequalities for the bilinear form defined by T . Kernel operators are studied from this point of view. Primary 46E30, Secondary 47B38, 46B42, 46B28 Banach function spaces, Köthe duality, p-th power factorable operators, factorization, kernel operators.


Data from an oblique-incidence time-delay measurement experiment over an 1150-km east–west path between Sterling, Virginia, and St. Louis, Missouri, are used to examine the accuracy of the transmission-curve method of determining oblique-incidence ionosphere characteristics from vertical-incidence soundings. The experiment employed a pulsed sweep-frequency ionosphere recorder at each of the endpoints and another at the midpoint of the great-circle path. A small but consistent difference between the maximum usable frequencies (MUF) observed at the endpoint stations and the MUF determined from the vertical-incidence soundings was found. Seasonal trends of this difference are presented. The results of the analysis indicate that the average error of the transmission-curve-derived MUF varies between zero and 5 per cent too low, depending on time of day and season. Random variations result in a spread of about 10 per cent between the upper and lower decile errors.


Numerous airborne field campaigns were performed in the last decades to record cirrus clouds microphysical properties. Beside the understanding of the processes of cirrus formation and evolution, an additional motivation for those studies is to provide a database to evaluate the representation of cirrus clouds in global climate models. This is of importance for an improved certainty of climate predictions, which are affected by the poor understanding of the microphysical processes of ice clouds (IPCC, 2013). To this end, the observations should ideally cover the complete respective parameter range and not be influenced by instrumental artifacts. However, due to the difficulties in measuring cirrus properties on fast-flying, high-altitude aircraft, some issues with respect to the measurements have arisen. In particular, concerns about the relative humidity in and around cirrus clouds and the ice crystal number concentrations were under discussion. Too high ice supersaturations as well as ice number concentrations were often reported. These issues have made more chal-lenging the goal of compiling a large database using data from a suite of different instruments that were used on different campaigns. In this study, we have have addressed these challenges and compiled a large data set of cirrus clouds, sampled during eighteen field campaigns between 75 ◦ N and 25 ◦ S, representing measurements fulfilling the above men-tioned requirements. The most recent campaigns were performed in 2014; namely, the ATTREX campaign with the research aircraft Global Hawk and the ML-CIRRUS and ACRIDICON campaigns with HALO. The observations include ice water content (IWC: 130 hours of observations), ice crystal numbers (N ice : 83 hours), ice crystal mean mass size (: 83 hours) and relative humidity (RH ice ) in- and outside of cirrus clouds (78 and 140 hours). We will present the parameters as PDFs versus temperature and derive medians and core ranges (including the most frequent observations) for each parameter. The new large data sets confirm the earlier results presented by Schiller et al. (JGR, 2008), Krämer et al. (ACP, 2009) and Luebke et al. (ACP, 2013), which are all based on much smaller datasets. Further, we will show the geographical and altitude distribution of IWC, N ice , R ice and RH ice .


The clinical applications of oral mucosal biomechanics are particularly important in determining how stimulation can be performed for tissue remodeling, in understanding the level of pressure that can be applied to the painful threshold, in osseous resorption, and the availability of tissue movement. This study shows, through the finite element, the way in which the periodontal ligament behaves at the level of all dental surfaces in nonlinear model and 3 levels of alveolar bone retraction (0 %, 50%, 75%). From the point of view of geometric construction, each model consists of 3 independent components: the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament (PL) and the tooth. The deformities on the lingual surface are very small compared to the other surfaces. The deformity increases progressively with the loss of the supporting bone. From a physiological point of view, the nonlinear model is much closer to reality because it simulates the reaction of the tissue to its immediate loading by a very low rigidity after which, due to the hydrostatic pressure created in the interstitial fluid, the value of tissue rigidity increases exponentially.


To build a Resource-Efficient and Environment-Friendly society is a strategic task of long-term planning for the national economic and social development,that is requirements of the reality and the necessity of development.Starting with the legal system is a successful guarantee of building two types of society and the legislation is the primary problem to solve in building this system,so we should re-examine the legislative status of our country's environmental law and change or improve some improper aspects of building the two types of society.


An intertrochanteric (IT) fracture is the most common reason for an elderly person to be admitted to an acute orthopedic ward. It continues to cause significant decision-making challenges among orthopedic surgeons. The stability of IT fractures is usually investigated based on the medial and posteromedial fragments (1). The lateral wall integrity has been proved to be an essential determinant of fracture stability in IT fractures. Recently, there was a view that lateral femoral wall thickness has a significant role in IT fractures, including providing rotational stability, preventing excessive collapse, preventing excess medialization of the shaft, decreasing the reoperation rate, and providing a better functional outcome (2). In general, it can prevent the collapse of the proximal fragment like a lateral buttress. The lateral wall thickness concept was recently utilized by the AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) classification of fractures (3). They differentiated stable and unstable IT fractures based on the thickness of the lateral wall. There are few studies which investigated the importance of the lateral wall in IT fractures and their benchmark thickness in the evaluation of fracture stability. In this educational note, we review studies that worked on this concept and the importance of the lateral wall thickness in IT fractures. The Importance of Lateral Wall Thickness The most crucial factor in successful outcomes in dynamic hip screw (DHS) fixation was formerly thought to be the integrity of the posteromedial femoral section. Lately, it was shifted to the lateral wall. According to the biomechanical data, there is an increased chance of preserving the structure against negative forces with a higher cortical bone thickness (4-7). An unstable IT fracture happens when the integrity of the lateral wall is violated, as in OTA types A2.2 and A2.3. In other words, when the lateral wall has fracture, a simple IT fracture (OTA 31-A1/A2) will change into a reverse oblique fracture (OTA 31-A3). Therefore, it is a critical factor for decision-making and the successful treatment of unstable IT fractures. Stable IT fractures have a lower incidence of lateral wall fracture when fixing by DHS. These patients often have intact calcar or non-displaced lesser trochanteric fracture (1). Lateral wall thickness is considered as a predictor of lateral wall fracture after a DHS implantation. Based on the study by Hsu et al., a thickness of < 20.5 mm is a risk factor for the prediction of secondary lateral wall fracture (sensitivity of 82.7%, specificity of 77.8%) and should not be fixed with DHS alone (8). Thus, for a better outcome, it is essential to know the fracture characteristics to predict its behavior after fixation. Lateral wall measurement method Hsu et al. analyzed 225 patients with IT fracture and 25 patients who had failed IT fixation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to estimate a threshold value that could predict lateral wall fracture (8). They defined the lateral wall thickness on anteroposterior (AP) radiograph as the distance between a reference point (3 cm below the vastus ridge of the greater trochanter) to the proximal of the fracture line with a 135° angle (Figure 1).


San Carlos, California (www.cityofsancarlos.org) claims to have developed one of the earliest local government Web sites in the world, posted on May 10, 1994 (San Carlos, 2006). From this early effort, United States (U.S.) cities moved rapidly onto the Web. Norris and Moon (2002), for example, report that some 4.4% of U.S. cities in a 2000 survey by the International City Management Association (ICMA) reported developing Web sites before 1995; 27.1% reported developing their Web sites in the 1995-'96 time period, and 68.5% reported their Web site developed after 1997. San Carlos' original Web site comprised one page; its current Web site now contains some 8,000 pages and uses some of the Web's most modern technology available, such as really simple syndication (RSS) and Flash Paper.1 This article uses the example of San Carlos' Web site, along with two surveys of local government Web sites in the U.S., to illustrate the experience that U.S. local governments have had in developing and using Web sites in the pursuit of bettering governance. The article examines four local government Web applications—bulletin boards, promotions, service delivery and citizen input—and assesses their use by U.S. local governments. The article then addresses current issues of outsourcing Web site design and maintenance, and future issues of privacy, security, the digital divide and the possible effects of increased local government Web sites on U.S. civil society.


Richard Slotkin. Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier 1600-1860. Middle- town, Connecticut: Wesleyan University Press, 1973. 670 pp. Michael Paul Rogin. Fathers and Children: Andrew Jackson and The Subjugation of the American Indian. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1975. 373 pp. W. Eugene Hollon. Frontier Violence: Another Look. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. 279 pp. During the relatively placid decade of the 1950's historians tended to stress the underlying unity and cohesiveness of American history. Then a period of racial strife, campus turmoil, political assassination, and Viet Nam sparked research into new themes. Those which received attention included violence in America, the white man's treatment of the Indian, and a new look at the importance of the frontier. All three books under review share these concerns. Slotkin and Rogin follow similar intellectual paths while Hollon sets a divergent course.


Abstract Combined UV- and liquid scintillation-HPLC has been applied to study the complexing of purine nucleosides with Pt(II)-diamine ions, and the effect of the complex formation on the acidic depurination.


Feronia limonia (L.) Swingle better known as wood apple is an identity plant of Rembang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. However, the population is very
limited. In order to identify the conservation efforts, this ethnobotany study was
aimed to determine traditional knowledge on the existence, economic value, utility,
breeding technique and conservation of wood apple. The survey was conducted
on a total of 102 local people from 10 sub-districts which were determined by proportionally stratified random sampling. Data were collected by questionnaires and
individual interviews and then were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that
all of respondents knew the figure of wood apple, but only 79.50% understood its
status as an identity plant. Most of respondents (96%) stated that the fruits have low
economic value, 80.39% respondents have utilized ripe fruit as ingredients of beverages and stems as firewood. This utilization was only equal to 29.72% compared
to the potential usability based on research results. It was concluded that the traditional knowledge about the existence, economic value, and breeding technique were
good and on the contrary, the knowledge about the plant's usability was bad. The
results will form a basic knowledge for in-depth studies to provide a government
policy of Rembang Regency in order to develop an efficient strategy of management and conservation of wood apple as plant identity


Received March 15, 2011 Revised May 19, 2011 Accepted May 19, 2011 Address for correspondence Tae Young Jang, MD, PhD Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 7-206 Sinheung-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Incheon 400-711, Korea Tel +82-32-890-3471 Fax +82-32-890-3580 E-mail email@example.com Background and ObjectivesZZThe authors aimed to evaluate the safety of low concentration hypochlorous acid as an oral gargle solution. To do this, we carried out in vitro and in vivo experiments and evaluated its efficacy by compared with normal saline and chlorhexidine gargle using throat culture before and after gargling. Materials and MethodZZThe authors treated oral mucosal epithelial cell with 3.5 ppm hypochlorous acid and evaluated cytotoxicity. For evaluation of morphological change, oral mucosa specimens were obtained during surgery before 30 minutes and 2 hours after treatment with hypochlorous acid. The specimens were evaluated with light microscopy. For evaluation of efficacy, we performed oral gargle with normal saline, chlorhexidine and hypochlorous acid in 10 healthy volunteers. The throat cultures were performed before and after each gargling. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus oryzae were evaluated semi-quantitatively (Grade 0 to 4). ResultsZZThere was no cellular toxicity in MTT assay and the morphological changes were not observed. Both chlorhexidine and hypochlorous acid showed significant decrease of microbes (chlorhexidine: p=0.036, hypochlorous acid: p=0.031). There was no significant differences between them (p=0.217). ConclusionZZLow concentration hypochlorous acid is safe for the oral mucosal epithelium and has antimicrobial efficacy similar to that of chlorhexidine. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2011;54:403-7


Cichlid fish utilise sound to dominate conspecifics. The aggressive behaviour is thought to induce stress in males reducing reproductive success. A pilot project was developed to assess if sound could modify the behaviour of male Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). 'Mouth fighting' (brief encounters involving the grasping of combatants jaws, a brief push-pull swimming behaviour associated with sound production) were observed and acoustically monitored in a small lake in the centre of Cairns, North Queensland. The exchanges were part of longer term agonistic chorusing between males defending adjacent territorial areas that were concluded by a 'terminating sound' from one male (the last sound in a series that was substantially greater magnitude than any other) that stopped sound production in the other male fish for several minutes. Agonistic exchanges could begin again although between different adjacent males defending territories. A 'terminating' sound generated by a male that was a clear winner of an agonistic exchange was used in a single playback experiment using a 50 watt amplifier and 10" subwoofer set in an air tube extending into the water. Communication by males over a wide area of adjacent territories immediately ceased yet a male O. mossambicus, larger than any previously observed, responded with physical confrontation to the sound source and generated agonistic sounds of shorter duration yet comparable intensity to the amplified sequence. The waveform envelope of the response sound was substantially different suggesting capability for variable responses to sounds. Potential exists for exploring the possibility of population control of this feral fish by utilising acoustic calls to interrupt social and reproductive behaviour. The project objective was to search for a sound that could be used to interfere with male social and reproductive communication and behaviour, as an attractant to males / females with relevance to an acoustic baited trap.


The present study was aimed to find out the effect of different diets on some biological parameters of the adult predator, Chrysoperla carnea and to introduce an economic artificial diet for its mass-rearing. The C. carnea was reared for four successive generations in laboratory conditions on baker's yeast, honey, and sucrose (YHS) (2: 1: 1). The effect of seven different diets including VAYH, AK + HY, WMHY, WMH, YS + SC, YVYH, and YMH was studied on some biological parameters of the fifth generation. All experiments were done under 25 ± 10C, 65±5% RH and 16:8 h (L:D) conditions. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 15 replicates. Results revealed that the YVYH diet influenced the biological traits of the predator more positively. The mean of female longevity, male longevity, oviposition period, post oviposition period and fecundity calculated 43.53, 34.86, 26.26, 10.46 days and 618.07 (eggs), respectively.


A slit spectrometry study was carried out on NGC 4594 and in the surrounding diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) in a search for forbidden O I 6300-A emission from the warm neutral medium. An upper limit of 6 times 10 to the -7th erg per sq cm per sec per sr was obtained for forbidden O I. The values for rho and f were less than or equal to 0.2 and 0.9, respectively, which are values that approach being significant limits. To progress further, it will be necessary to cancel out the stellar absorption features from the galaxy, which might be done by finding a combination of spectra which approximate the galaxy and which do not have a forbidden O I component from the ISM.


exploit a similar machine. During the single month of January, 1896, Felicien Trewey (a prestidigitator), Alexandre Promio (a booth showman), Francis Doublier (a seventeen-year-old laboratory worker at Lumiere's who had learned to operate the magic machine), and Felix Mesguich, another operateurmecanicien, were sent to four different corners of France, Europe, and the British Isles to make money with the apparatus in the limited time that the Lumieres imagined possible for their "device." The showman, Promio, was to travel wherever he thought he could find distinguished audiences to confer prestige on the invention. Young Doublier was given an itinerary that was made up as fast as Cerf, of Le Figaro, could contact concessionaires.1 Louis


Based on the data from in-depth investigation of 564 peasant households in the four counties(Puyang,Qi,Gushi,and Ruyang),the author uses logistic model to analyzes the peasants' land expropriation desire and its influencing factors. The result shows that the obvious influencing factors are as follows:the land-lost peasants' satisfaction of land expropriation compensation and their expectation of life improvement after land expropriation;effect of the expropriated land on old-age security;physical condition of the family members;years of schooling,and non-agricultural skills. Therefore,related suggestions are provided:to set up diversified land expropriation compensation modes and raise the compensation standards;to promote the construction of rural social security system so as to free the land-lost peasants from worries;to improve the reemployment assistance and support system to ensure the employment of land-lost peasants after land expropriation.


This paper studies the narrative patterns of sexual impropriety in Genesis, in particular incest, adultery and rape, noting the distinctive narrative patterns of each type of impropriety. Though Genesis recognizes incest between generations, it ignores incest within a generation, and adultery is characterized by avoidance. Also adultery seems to be exclusive of incest, occurring only outside the family boundaries. For the most part the cases studied are traditionally ascribed to J and provide a window into the mores of the narrator and audience.


The phenotype and distribution of mesenchymal cells were studied immunohistochemically in thioacetamide-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats, using monoclonal antibodies specific to smooth muscle actins, muscle actins, desmin and vimentin, respectively. All studies were performed in tissues fixed with methanol-Carnoy's fixative and embedded in paraffin. In normal liver, scattered desmin-positive cells were recognized in the periportal areas. In the early stages of septal fibrosis, desmin-positive cells appeared around the central veins first and increased in the fibrous strands. With progression of fibrosis, desmin-positive cells decreased, while muscle actin-positive cells increased predominantly within the fibrous septa. Muscle-actin positive cells surrounded each parenchymal nodule in a circular pattern, suggesting their important role in the formation of nodularity of fibrotic liver. Examining the change in phenotype of mesenchymal cells during progressive liver fibrosis has given us new insight regarding cirrhosis pathogenesis.


Plantations in Indonesia are dominated by smallholder plantations. This is a challenge as well as an opportunity for investors and farmers to develop their businesses and achieve greater added value from cocoa agribusiness. Negeri Sepa is located in a coastal area with the scope of village communities who mostly have a livelihood as farmers. Workers working in agriculture earn income that is used to make ends meet and improve household welfare. This study aims to determine the physical and non-physical factors of cocoa in Sepa Country, Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency. The method used in this study is quantitative descriptive to explain the Factors That Affect Cocoa Farmer Farming in Sepa Country. Data analysis in this study used a Frequency Table. The results of frequency tabulation show that the factors that affect cocoa farming in Sepa Country, Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency are Physical Factors (Climate, Soil & Topography) and Non-Physical Factors (Cocoa Farm Management, Capital, Number of Workers, Transportation, Marketing, Credit Facilities and Technology)


Some important problems in roller chain drive design are not full explaned in the textbooks and manuals of machine design.The issues such as basic parameters,geometric dimensioning, sprockets part drawings,the design of roller chain drive while low velocity,which are discussed here.


Mitochondria1 myopathies (MM) include chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS), or various encephalomyopathies.' Ptosis or weakness increasing with muscle activity suggesting myasthenia gravis (MG) have been occasionally described in patients with MM.2,4,72103' Successful anticholinesterase therapy was reported once,' decrement of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) on repetitive stimulation was detected in several patients with MM,' and neuromuscular transmission defect was further suggested by single-fiber electromyography studies.*z5 We describe 3 patients with CPEO or KSS who were first thought to have MG because of ptosis, fatiguable weakness, positive neostigmine test, and electrophysiological evidence for mild to marked neuromuscular transmission block.


Abstract : Contents: Physical and Chemical Properties; Manufacturing and Analytical Techniques; Abiotic Environmental Effects; Environmental Fate; Acute Toxicity to Animals; Chronic Toxicity to Animals; Toxicity to Plants; Bioaccumulation; Mammalian Toxicology and Human Health Effects; Pharmacokinetics; Acute Toxicity; Subchronic and Chronic Toxicity; Genotoxicity; Developmental/Reproductive Toxicity; Oncogenicity; Criterion Formulation.


As nitrogen‐doped graphene has been widely applied in optoelectronic devices and catalytic reactions, in this work we have investigated where the nitrogen atoms tend to reside in the material and how they affect the electron density and spectroscopic properties from a theoretical point of view. DFT calculations on N‐doped hexagonal and rectangular graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) showed that nitrogen atoms locating on zigzag edges are obviously more stable than those on armchair edges or inside flakes, and interestingly, the N‐hydrogenated pyridine moiety could be preferable to pure pyridine moiety in large models. The UV–vis absorption spectra of these nitrogen‐doped GNFs display strong dependence on flake sizes, where the larger flakes have their major peaks in lower energy ranges. Moreover, the spectra exhibit different connections to various dopant types and positions: the graphitic‐type dopant species present large variety in absorption profiles, while the pyridinic‐type ones show extraordinary uniform stability and spectra independent of dopant positions/numbers and hence are hardly distinguishable from each other. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Anatomical analysis of conjoined twins provides important information concerning embryological development. Museum specimens provide a unique sample that can be analyzed non‐intrusively using advanced biomedical imaging and displayed online which is currently important due to limited in‐person learning opportunities as a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to create an extended reality (XR) workflow for visualization of dicephalic parapagus full‐term conjoined twins obtained by Dr. Jacob Henle sometime between 1844‐1852 for use in anatomy education. The workflow comprised image capture, segmentation, and visualization. The cadaver twins were curated at the University of Heidelberg and were subjected to CT and MR imaging. Relevant bones and soft tissues were manually segmented to create XR models, post‐processed for visualization using Unity‐based systems. A learning module was created and posted to Rad3d.com for presentation to students including visualization on Z‐space computers (zspace.com) and sketchfab.com online. Osteology analysis showed commonality in the upper limb and shared ribs. Two vertebral columns were identified, and a single pelvic girdle was present with a single set of lower limbs. Duplicated supradiaphragmatic structures included two hearts (one with situs inversus) and four lungs, but single subdiaphragmatic visceral organs were observed. In particular, the gut was continuous on the right, but terminated at the distal esophagus on the left. One large liver occupied the abdomen with one large spleen located on the left. These observations suggest zygote fission was blocked near the yolk sac during midgut formation, but with secondary fusion of midline upper extremities and ribs. A radiology report was developed and presented to medical students as an embryology clinical correlation. This application indicates that university based museum specimens are useful as supplemental instructional subjects and, in this case, almost 170 years after arriving in the Department of Anatomy at the University of Heidelberg.


in Lanarkshire, where small subsidiary workshops would be erected by the Local Authority in populous districts. On the completion of his training at Hairmyres, a trainee would be drafted to the workshop nearest his own home. He would be in receipt of a wage and the products of his labour would be sold locally. In conclusion, one is firmly convinced that, provided the right type of case is admitted to the Colony, the results will be excellent and well worth the time and expenditure involved. One is sometimes told that this must be a very expensive scheme. However, it should not be regarded merely from the financial point of view. If it restores to useful citizenship men previously handicapped by ill-health, then one is justified in concluding that it has attained its object.


Plant-based high internal phase oil-in-water emulsions (HIPEs) are promising fat replacers. However, producing stable HIPES with improved viscoelastic properties is a challenge for the food industry. Conjugation of plant proteins, such as lupin protein


The aim of the article is to describe the tangible and lasting uneven regional distribution of manufacturing in Italy, as the result of a historical reinforcing process. In doing so, we cite the basic parameters typically applied by the New Economic Geography approach and try to relate some global developments in the Italian history, with the seemingly outright influence of such specific theoretical parameters. The method is merely descriptive and uses a map and some manufacturing statistics for spotlight the actual sectorial distribution of employment as an evidence of the divergent process. For underpinning the analytical interpretation, we consult the previous contribution of some Italian economists and historians setting forth the consolidation of Italian manufacturing expansion and its startling spatial concentration. The descriptive style of the article ends up highlighting the pervasive influence of historical inertia on the regional economic development and the pertinence of New Economic Geography framework for interpreting the uneven distribution of manufacturing across the space.


At the beginning of each play's entry, there is a list of all the music demanded by the Shakespearean text. The compilers here have been content to let Blakemore Evans's Riverside Shakespeare be their guide (with a few additions from the Oxford Shakespeare). They have not attempted their own examination of the quartos and Folio to ensure that modem editors have included everything. Even with these limitations, the Catalogue is a source of much interesting information: for instance, what truly great composers never were inspired by Shakespeare? Well, Bach, no surprise there; Gluck, Mozart makes it, but when the details are examined one cannot help but feel it is on false pretences. There was a lost cantata by Mozart, Salieri, and Com et entitled Per la recuperata salute di Ophelia, which you would have a hard time finding text for in Hamlet; another entry, in apparent contradiction of the principles about originality stated in the Preface, refers to an opera called Peines d'amour perdues cobbled up by Barbier and Carre out of Love's Labour's Lost with music stolen by Delibes from Cosi fan tutte; the third entry is another of the compilers' non-events, an alleged plan by Mozart to work on an opera based vaguely on The Tempest. So, no Mozart. Of course, the great Europeanization of Shakespeare was only beginning at the end of the eighteenth century; it is no surprise to find the nineteenth century powerfully represented, though the austere Bruckner does not appear, and Mussorgsky and Mahler make it only once each (dodgy entries at that); none of the second Viennese school (Schoenberg, Berg, Webern) turns up, nor does Janacek (a shame; he'd have set Shakespeare wonderfully), and neither Boulez nor Stockhausen. On the other hand, unexpected names do crop up: Anna Russell, for instance; someone or something called Fuzzy; some actors not noted for their compositional talents (among them Charlie Chaplin and Laurence Olivier). The composer with the longest index listing is someone called Richard Simpson, who died in 1876; there are three John Smiths, and two composers called Lear (no Hamlet, I'm afraid), but there is a William Shakespeare (18491931). (ANTONY HAMMOND)


This paper is concerned with the response of HEMTs transistors to optical excitation. An experimental evaluation was conducted and a model was developed. The results indicate that the dominant photodetection mechanism is the internal photovoltaic effect (backgating), caused by the accumulation of photogenerated holes in the GaAs buffer layer. Accordingly, the effect of illumination is equivalent to a shift in the gate to source bias point and characterized by a nonlinear photocurrent-optical power relationship. The device exhibits an extremely high quantum efficiency at low optical intensities, but the bandwidth is limited to the MHz range. It is suggested that an additional terminal at the substrate would increase the bandwidth while retaining significant gain over conventional photodiodes.


An approach to detecting small moving targets in image sequences is described in this paper. First pretreat image through high pass or morphologic filtering, then progress likelihood ratio test to segment possible targets from the image. Considering the case that target disappear transitorily because of the environmental disturbance, a method of extracting small moving targets is brought forward, which uses the continuity and correlation of motion state of the target and through synthetically operating neighboring region verdict and image flow analysis to detect small moving targets. Simulation result indicates that the algorithm can detect small moving targets with high efficiency.


David Beresford Pratt: the person behind the assassination attempt This article investigates the motives of David Pratt's assassination attempt on the then prime minister, Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, during the opening of the Union Show on 9 April, 1960. The assassination of Verwoerd by Demitrio Tsafendas has been covered well, but the


This article is adapted from a presentation made at a meeting of policy experts of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development, and the Trade Union Advisory Council. The presentation provided the "trade union expert perspective" at the seminar held in Paris, October 17, 2007, entitled "Fair Labour Migration – from vision to reality." Tracing an alternative approach to understanding 'global labour supply', the article makes links between jobless growth, trade and investment liberalization, and the increased use of temporary migrant workers around the world. The article concludes with proposals for a broad framework of change leading to decent work and sustainable development – in both the global North and the global South. GLOBAL LABOUR SUPPLY n conventional analysis, the increasing aging population of Northern countries, and increasing birth rates of Southern countries are taken as key determinants of global labour supply. In reality, national employment data, wages and working conditions are far more crucial. China, India, Indonesia, and South Korea are four instances which help demonstrate this re-interpretation of global labour supply. According to figures of the International Labour Organization (ILO), employment in the "traditional formal sector" of China (i.e. state and collectivelyowned enterprises) decreased by 59 million jobs between 1990 and 2002.1 In the same period, only 24 million jobs were created in the "new and emerging formal sector", defined by the ILO as cooperatives, joint-ventures, limited liability corporations, share-holding corporations and foreign companies. Taking into I


The need for more flexible electric systems, changing regulatory and economic scenarios, energy savings and environmental impact are providing impetus to the development of MicroGrids (MG), which are predicted to play an increasing role in the electric power system of the near future. This paper proposes a generalized formulation to determine the optimal operating strategy and cost optimization scheme as well as the reduction of the emissions for a MicroGrid (MG). Multiobjective (MO) optimization is applied to the environmental/ecomomic problem of the MG. The proposed problem is formulated as a nonlinear constrained MO optimization problem. Prior to the optimization, models for system components from real data are constructed. The problem formulation takes into consideration the operation and maintenance costs as well as the emissions NOx, SO2, and CO2 reduction. The MG considered in this paper consists of a wind turbine, a micro turbine , a diesel generator, a photovoltaic array, a fuel cell, and a battery storage. The optimization is aimed at minimizing the cost function of the system while constraining it to meet the costumer demand and safety of the system. We also add a daily income and outgo from sale or purchased power. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach to satisfy the load and to reduce the cost and the emissions. The comparison with other techniques demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach and confirms its potential to solve the problem. The management of the MG units require accurate economic model to describe the operating cost taken in to account the output power produces.


Advertising English,breaking away from general English,is a practical language with peculiar impact. To fulfill the goal of attention value and memory value,it employs a great variety of rhetorical devices so as to rein- force its vividness,artistic quality and impressiveness.The employment of rhetorical devices makes advertising Eng- lish elegant,original and implicative,manifesting significant commercial value,a certain aesthetic value and value of linguistic study.This paper is a tentative probe into aesthetic perception of phonetic rhetoric devices in advertising English via alliteration,assonance,rhyme and onomatopoeia.


We study an infinite system of nonlinear differential equations coupled in a tree-like structure. This system was previously introduced in the literature and it is the model from which the dyadic shell model of turbulence was derived. It mimics 3D Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in a rough approximation of wavelet decomposition. We prove existence of finite energy solutions, anomalous dissipation in the inviscid unforced case, existence and uniqueness of stationary solutions (either conservative or not) in the forced case.


No matter the number of RTOs in the U.S. (unless the number is one), seams between RTOs will be present and must be managed. Seam management consists of a full spectrum of items that include such mundane things as the basic exchange of operating type data to more policy related things such as common business practices. Seams management between RTOs should be cooperative in nature with a legal / regulatory backstop. Obiectives of Presentation: o Present the various seams issues and describe why they are issues. o Describe the solutions available in the management of RTO seams o Present the mechanisms available to implement seams management initiatives o Discuss the variety of seams issues around the country (i.e. regional differences do exist) o Finally wrap up with real life experience to date regarding the Inter RTO Cooperation Agreement (IRCA) between the Midwest IS0 and the Alliance RTO.


This research project aims to diagnose the problems that are the beneficiaries of the Human Development Bond Quevedo Canton, in the province of Los Rios, the aim is to present a business plan for the creation of a food court and encourage entrepreneurship in beneficiaries BDH, Quevedo Canton, 2015; because these people need arise at a particular time and leave the group of extreme poverty. Making merit the National Development Plan and Good Living, and despite the efforts made by each individual that is not possible, therefore it is considered that if capabilities, creativity, skills and attitudes, along with teamwork unite it achieve a entrepreneurial culture, this with the support of universities and institutions that contribute to the knowledge and skills required. So in the research they were used as methods: statistical, qualitative, inductive, deductive, descriptive field, literature review, surveys, interviews; non-experimental and cross-sectional design. And it has also proposed a business plan to encourage such projects, using advertising media campaign alternative media like facebook, word of mouth and meetings multilevel, this being the most efficient, economical and direct means, in this case a food court called "The Sabroson" whereby typical foods of the Ecuadorian gastronomy offering breakfast, lunch and snacks at affordable and competitive prices bid is promoted and also promote home care services and / or place of work. It is concluded that 100% of these families would like to leave the group of extreme poverty. Having identified a potential skills and competencies that can be exploited, also showed interest in becoming entrepreneurs, predisposition for teamwork and participating in community projects.


This article explores the way literature informs and is informed by the perception of urban postcolonial space. Chroniques De La Mauvaise Herbe, the first novel of Vincent Vuibert (2013), marks a new threshold in the Francophone oceanian literary field, at first by the influences claimed by the author and then by the representation renewed of Noumea. Among these influences is the contemporary U.S. thriller in which Vuibert renews an aesthetics of the marginality to stack them in the colonial and postcolonial segmentarities. His characters seem to evolve along borders established from regimes of political, historic and economic powers, which they undergo or also try to thwart. On the other hand, this novel joins in a discursive tradition centred on the city inaugurated by the first Kanak political militancy of the 1970s and which was strengthened in the literary field with the signature of the political agreements of 1988 and 1998. It is a question here of showing how the novel draws routes in Noumea who are so many ways to describe oppositions and encounters.


The paper presents implementation of a test pattern generation technique that uses cellular automaton construction based on the analysis of a pre-computed test set. The algorithm is included into the Java applet for automatic synthesis of the built-in self-test structure into a digital circuit modeled in VHDL.