This study questions whether the distribution of the benefits from VET courses is reflected in the distribution of the costs borne by the wide range of stakeholders involved in the TAFE NSW system. It suggests there is little justification for the 'all-or-nothing' distinction between TAFE mainstream courses and TAFE PLUS. See also TD/VIC 45.16 for the full working paper.


Obstructions of the superior vena cava whether partial or complete are rare clinical, surgical and pathological entities. Thrombosis resulting from injury, usually of an indirect nature to the superior vena cava, is probably the etiological agent. The clinical manifestations which alarm the patient are a gradually developing edema of the upper half of the body especially the face, the tortuous, distended veins of the chest and neck, and cyanosis of the lips and lobes of the ears. The symptoms will be modified or exaggerated depending upon the location of the lesion in relation to the vena azygos which may in certain instances partially take over the function of the superior vena cava. The prognosis depends upon the rapidity in the formation of adequate collateral circulation and surgical eradication of the obstructing mass. Obstruction Above the Orifice of the Vena Azygos, Case 1: This man of 45 years, a mechanic, entered the hospital complaining of swelling of face and eyelids, lacrimation and distended veins of neck, chest and abdomen. Twelve months previous to admission he developed bilateral swelling of the neck believed to be due to adenitis. He was treated and in two or three weeks the face began to swell and the veins of the chest became distended. He was able to walk or run without difficulty but his work or excitement seemed to aggravate the condition. His family and regional history were non contributory. Physical examination revealed a well developed male in no acute distress. The face was flushed, swollen but no pitting edema was present. His chest was symmetrical, respiratory excursion equal, 20/mm., and the percussion notes and tactile fremitus were equal. No rales were detected. The cutaneous vessels were dilated and tortuous, especially in the neck, and radiating medially from the axilla. There was a tortuous tender vein to the right of the sternal border. The superficial epigastrics were markedly distended but not tender. The heart rate, 80 per minute, was of good quality. No detectable enlargement or murmurs were present. Blood pressure was 122,72 left arm, 120/68 right arm and 120/80 right leg. The abdomen, skin, extremities, neurological findings, ear, nose and throat were within normal limits. X-ray film inspection of the chest was normal. Urine with specific gravity of 1.004, and acid, contained no sugar, al


The mean-square asymptotic behavior of constant stepsize temporal-difference algorithms is analyzed. The analysis is carried out for the case of a linear (cost-to-go) function approximation and for the case of Markov chains with an uncountable state space. An asymptotic upper bound for the mean-square deviation of the algorithm iterations from the optimal value of the parameter of the (cost-to-go) function approximator achievable by temporal-difference learning is determined as a function of stepsize.


Wavelength converted 10GHz clock pulse recovery induced by injecting optical OC-192 NRZ data into SOA fiber-ring is demonstrated to obtain a 540-fs RZ clock pulse with duty-cycle of 0.5% after chirp compensation and compression.


PE R SON S who have been teaching and doing research in the field of marketing have dealt with price problems for many years. In perhaps more cases than otherwise they have been so closely concerned with the administrative and practical issues of price that they have given comparatively little thought to the social implications involved. On the other hand, it is easy for those removed from the necessities of deciding what should be done about prices to make ready assumptions as to how the process is carried on and, on the basis of these assumptions, to make generalizations no sounder than the assumptions on which they are based. It was with a view to bringing these two groups, points of view, types of interest, and experience into closer contact that this program was planned. It is hoped that the contact will stimulate the interest of members of the Marketing Association in the more theoretical aspects of the price problems with which they have long been working and that at the same time, comment by persons somewhat close to practical pricing problems may exert a helpful influence upon those who are chiefly concerned with generalized statements. While the conventional procedure at meetings of this sort is to have papers read by persons who have already expressed their ideas at length, it is my view that more may be contributed by having published views subjected to critique and comment. The papers given at this meeting, therefore, have the novelty of being essentially reviews. If those whose books are discussed have an opportunity in the discussion and at the time of publication to criticize the crit-


Kinetics and energetics of electron-transfer reactions of a few electron acceptors with NNN′N′-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine and other donors are reported. The kinetics are markedly affected by the solvent polarity and the acceptor strength. Solvent effects on the kinetics of the reaction between NN-dimethylaniline and tetracyanoethylene have been investigated in detail; the rate of formation of the tetracyanoethane derivative (which is the reaction intermediate), as well as of its subsequent reaction to yield NN-dimethyl-4-tricyanovinylaniline, are found to be equally solvent-sensitive. Reactions of a few substituted anilines with chloranil have been studied and the rate data are markedly dependent on the donor strength. Solvent effects on the reaction of aniline with chloranil are found to be appreciable.


Only a handful of studies on innovation empirically analyze the links between firm innovation and the sources of that innovative activity of sources of innovation on types of innovation. To fill this gap in the literature, this study provides one of the first tests to identify how important sources of new information (suppliers, customers, other business people in the industry, workers, and university) are associated with types of innovations (product, process, and marketing). Data come from the 2014 National Survey of Business Competitiveness sponsored by the Economic Research Service at the United States Department of Agriculture (n = 10,952). The results show that innovation ideas emanating from customers, workers, and universities are positively associated with all types of innovations, suggesting that these sources are critical for developing different types of innovation. In particular, universities as a source of innovation activity are especially important. In contrast, other sources, such as suppliers and people in industry do not seem to be as important as a source of innovation.


The present invention relates to a dishwasher comprising a cabinet (2), a door (3; 16, 17) and a water tank (9), located in the door to enter the cabinet to allow the cabinet internally, the tank will be filled with water for washing. According to the present invention, the water tank (9) located within the housing (1,2).


The artistic field - as a professional social space - can be seen as the result of a complex negotiation whereby social actors try to define a symbolic object (art) and a social identity - (the artist). In this social competition gender plays an essential role, even when ignored. As recent history of art shows, in the past there have been many women artists, talented but excluded from social memory. Gender analysis, applied to past and contemporary art worlds, shows «talent» and «genius» as social and situated constructions having relevant social and professional effects. In particular, the focus is on how institutional gatekeepers «create» and define artists, giving them the resources to produce art; how classification in the arts is gendered (i.e. the link between fine arts and men-artists, crafts and women artists), and how, in the History of Art, «who tells the story' is relevant». Finally, gender analysis proposes the deconstruction of social places where men and women artists produce and shape their «artistic way ».


The implementation of image recognition in agriculture to detect symptoms of plant disease using deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models are proven to be highly effective. The computational efficiency by using CNN, made possible to run the application on mobile device. To optimize the utilization of mobile device and choosing the most effective CNN model to run as detection system in mobile device with the highest accuracy and low resource consumption is proposed in this paper. In this study, PlantVillage dataset which extended to coffee leaf, were tested and compared using three CNN models, two models which specifically designed for mobile, MobileNet and Mobile Nasnet (MNasNet), and one model that recognized for its accuracy on personal computer (PC), InceptionV3. The experiment executed on both mobile and PC found a slightly degradation on accuracy when the application is running on mobile. InceptionV3 experienced the most persistence model compares to MNasNet and MobileNet. Yet, InceptionV3 had biggest latency time. The final result on mobile device recorded InceptionV3 achieved highest accuracy of 95.79%, MNasNet 94.87%, and MobileNet 92.83%, while for time latency MobileNet achieved the lowest with 394.70 ms, MNasnet 430.20 ms, and InceptionV3 2236.10 ms respectively. It is expected that the outcome of this study will be of great benefit to farmers as mobile image recognition would help them analyze the condition of their plants on site simply by taking a picture of the leaf and running the experiment on their mobile device


Among other things, a radiation system configured to examine an object is provided. The radiation system particularly comprises: a radiation source, a detector array, and an object support. The object support is configured to rotate an object and to translate the object during the examination to facilitate acquiring volumetric data indicative of the object. In some embodiments, the detector array comprises a single row of detector cells and the radiation source emits fan-beam radiation. In some embodiments, the radiation system further comprises an image generator configured to generate an image of a surface of the object based upon first data corresponding to a first ray having a first trajectory and intersecting a first location within the object and second data corresponding to a second ray having a second trajectory and intersecting the first location within the object.


The invention discloses a remote observation system operated according to head movements. The remote observation system operated according to the head movements is composed of a plurality of user observation terminals, a camera management controller, and a plurality of remote cameras. The user observation terminals are interfaces of interaction between a user and the system, the user observation terminals can receive visual information of the cameras so that the user can observer the environments of the places where the cameras are arranged, and remote observation operation can be achieved. The camera management controller is used for monitoring connection requests from the user observation terminals and is in charge of connection between the observation terminals and the remote cameras. The remote cameras are unique interfaces used for receiving the environment visual information, and after the remote cameras are connected, the remote cameras can continuously shoot the visual information, and directly transmit the visual information to the user observation terminals in real time. Meanwhile, the remote cameras continuously receive remote control information from the observation terminals and adjust the observation angles. By the adoption of the remote observation system operated according to the head movements, the user can see objects at different angels, and the user experience is improved.


In this article, the author analyses such characteristics of the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights as their declarative and public nature and their reliance on case law. The author raises some questions open to debate like: direct action of the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights in the Russian legal system, reconsideration of a judgment because of European Courts declaration of a violation of the European Human Rights Convention; application contra legem of the rulings of the European Court of Human Rights.


Superelevation is explored in the second part of a two-part feature on methods to achieve more precisely designed superelevation values. This illustrates the features and benefits of the Advanced Superelevation Toolkit with three case studies. It addresses track parameters such as curvature, lubrication railhead profile, rail size, fastener type and resilience and track speed. It also includes train parameters. The three case studies are based on three different problems. One is a heavy haul, bi-directional mixed freight line with a light grade suffering from high rail-flange wear and derailments. The second is a heavy haul, bi-directional mixed freight line with a heavy grade that has excessive flange wear on the high rail, fastener damage and rail-seat abrasion, all leading to frequent derailments. The third is a heavy haul, bi-directional mixed traffic line with undulating heavy grades. Its problems consist of broken screw spikes, tie plate cutting and derailments. Illustrations of field conditions and readouts from measuring methods are supplied.


The utility model relates to an anti-surge high temperature-resistant elastic seal and a copulate flange which is matched with the elastic seal. The elastic seal comprises an elastic seal ring and a spring that is fixed in the elastic seal ring. The inner surface of the elastic seal ring is provided with a wedge-shaped ring groove, and the spring is of dividers-shaped and the top of the spring is arranged at the bottom of the ring groove of the elastic seal ring. The two nether ends of the spring are respectively extended to the upper ring gear and lower ring gear of the elastic seal ring. Moreover, the flange, which is matched with the elastic seal ring, is divided into upper flanges and lower flanges that are fixed together by bolts and form a circular cavity for the arrangement of the elastic seal ring. When the utility model is cooperatively used, the elastic seal ring is positioned in the circular cavity that is formed by the upper flanges and lower flanges, and is fastened by the bolts. The utility model applies to the intermittent change circumstance of the temperature and pressure, under which the utility model has good sealing effect, no leakage and a long service life. Since the relatively good performance of high temperature resistance, high-pressured resistance and acid resistance, and the utility model can be recycled.


In a sample of students, relationships between delinquency and moral reasoning scores--on Rest's (1975) DIT--were consistent with the view that these scores reflect political orientation rather than developmental differences. More serious delinquency was positively correlated with principled reasoning for females (P less than 0.05), and negatively with Stage 4 reasoning for males (P less than 0.02).


THE INVENTION CONCERNS BATTERY ELECTRIC ELECTRODES ZINC AND A HALOGEN. According to the Invention, The ELECTROLYTE BATTERY CONTAINS NOT ONLY AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF HALIDE BUT ALSO OF ZINC tHALLIUM OR A COMPOUND, AND AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT IN CHOOSING WHICH INCLUDES GROUP MO, W, NS, PB, IB OR THEIR COMPOUNDS WITH IF ANY ADDED Indium OR ITS COMPOUNDS . THE BATTERIES NOT OBTAINED NOT REQUIRE DISCHARGE REQUIRED BEFORE CHARGING. APPLICATION TO ELECTRIC BATTERY ZINC.


Methods that make use of the associative rule for students to use a range of efficient mental and written strategies for addition and subtraction problems are examined, with an eye for making the transition to using the associative rule in algebra in later years.


Sub-cultural groups that depend on a historical account to validate their thoughts and practices may need to revise and repair those accounts as changing circumstances present new issues affecting them. The year 2013 gave us three movies that dealt with racism, mobility, and political action: Lee Daniels' The Butler, 12 Years a Slave, and Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom. All based on autobiographical accounts of the real life experiences of the authors, they present a theme of contrast between brutal oppression and benign inclusion. The pattern differs from the popular version of the American Dream, and the movies are grim, provocative documents during a period of apparent African American progress and achievement.


WE as adults, are exceptional if we are not to some extent beset by anxiety and insecurity. The tempo and the exigencies 'of living in our highly competitive society take their toll in mental, emotional and physical strain. However, adulthood implies maturity and attainment of a frustration-tolerance level to absorb stresses and strains sufficiently to enable us to carryon daily activities despite tension and worry.


The invention discloses a secret key management method and system. A master secret key is remotely downloaded, and therefore the phenomenon that POS terminals need to download the master secret key in a centralized mode to distribute the master secret key to commercial tenants is avoided, and logistics cost and maintenance cost are reduced. When secret keys are remotely downloaded, a KMS encrypts the secret keys needing transmitting through a symmetric algorithm, it is guaranteed that only the corresponding POS terminals can decrypt the encrypted secret keys, and therefore high safety of data transmission is guaranteed. When bidirectional authentication is conducted, application programs of the POS terminals can not make contact with plaintext secret keys which need to be remotely downloaded and installed in the POS terminals and can only make contact with the ciphertext form of the secret keys, and therefore safe transferring is guaranteed. Transmission encryption secret keys and authentication secret keys used in the process are generated by the POS terminals and transmitted to the KMS through an asymmetric algorithm and the symmetric algorithm in a ciphertext mode, the decryption process is conducted in a hardware encryptor, and therefore safety of the secret keys is guaranteed.


A specific and highly sensitive gas chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate and dimenhydrinate using one drug as internal standard for the other one. The chromatographic conditions are aTRB-5-625 capillary column (60m × 0.25 mm i.d0.25µm film thickness) and nitrogen as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min. The oven temperature was programmed at 230°C for 1 min, with a rise of 20°C min up to 250°C (held for 7 min). The injector and detector port temperatures were maintained at 290°C. Detection was carried out using flame ionization detector. Results of assay and recovery studies were statistically evaluated for its accuracy and precision using one drug as internal stander for the other one and vice versa. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a gas chromatographic method to separate and assay to antihistamine drugs, dimenhydrinate and chlorpheniramine maleate in pharmaceutical forms. This method was a practical additional choice in quality control laboratories.


Xerox Classmate Readers and microfiche copies of 112 children's trade books were placed in three fourth-grade classrooms in a rural Georgia elementary school to investigate the children's use of these materials. The study was conducted from November 1971 through April 1972. No significant differences were found between the control group and the experimental group for attitudes toward reading, vocabulary, or comprehension. The control group checked out a significantly greater number of books from the school library. There appeared to be a factor increasing black experimental group children's growth in vocabulary and comprehension. However, this factor was offset by the white subjects.


This paper proposes the new adaptive protection algorithm for inverse-time overcurrent relays (OCRs) to ensure their proper operating time and protective coordination. The application of the proposed algorithm requires digital protection relays with microcontroller and memory. The operating parameters of digital OCRs are adjusted based on the available data whenever system conditions (system with distributed generation (DG)) vary. Moreover, it can reduce the calculation time required to determine the operating parameters for achieving its purpose. To verify its effectiveness, several case studies are performed in time-domain simulation. The results show that the proposed adaptive protection algorithm can keep the proper operating time and provide the protective coordination time interval with fast response.


Disk I/O is recognized as a major performance bottleneck in many database applications. Consequently, a topic of considerable study in database systems has traditionally been buffer management. Recently, disk pages have been increasing in size, enabling more and more data to fit in a single page. Such a trend suggests that buffering the data at a grain size finer than a page may use memory better. As a result, there has been some interest in fine-granularity buffering. Past approaches to fine-granularity buffering have proposed buffering either data tuples alone or index entries alone. In this paper, we propose a scheme to support fine-granularity buffering of both index and data entries in a unified manner. The scheme, which we call Hot-Entry buffering, can be used in combination with conventional page-level buffering. Through the experimental evaluation of a simple system, we demonstrate the benefits of our scheme over conventional page-level buffering, and over index-only and data-only fine-granularity buffering. In particular, we show that, for a range of parameter values, our buffering scheme speeds-up query execution by 20-60% relative to page-level buffering only, and by 10-20% relative to the best of index-only or data-only fine-granularity buffering.


We have examined the spin ordering of an axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model in two dimensions (2D) near above the antiphase ($\ensuremath{\langle}2\ensuremath{\rangle}$ phase). We considered an ${N}_{R}$-replica system and calculated an overlap function ${q}_{m}$ between different replicas, having used a cluster heat bath Monte Carlo method. We determined transition temperature between the $\ensuremath{\langle}2\ensuremath{\rangle}$ phase and a floating incommensurate (IC) phase as ${T}_{C2}/J=0.89\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01$ with frustration ratio $\ensuremath{\kappa}(\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{2}/{J}_{1})=0.6$. We found that the spin state at $T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{T}_{C2}$ may be called a domain state, because the spin structure is characterized by a sequentially arranged four types of domains with different $\ensuremath{\langle}2\ensuremath{\rangle}$ structures. In the domain state, the 2D XY symmetry of the spin correlation in the IC phase weakly breaks, and the diversity of the spin arrangement increases as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{T}_{C2}$. The Binder ratio ${g}_{L}$ exhibits a depression at $T\ensuremath{\sim}{T}_{C2}$ and the quasiperiodic spin structure, which is realized in the IC phase, becomes diverse at $T\ensuremath{\gtrsim}{T}_{C2}$. We discussed that the domain state is stable against the thermal fluctuation which brings a two-stage development of the spin structure at low temperatures.


although he spends time with test score improvements in the penultimate chapter of the book). Although most academics and practitioners trained in geography, education, child studies, and political science would laud Bartik's focus on thinking and acting locally, there are issues in this book that might lose readers who are not fully immersed in economic theory and empiricism. This is a book written by an economist for other economists, and it is tightly focused on the power of economic estimates to convince policy makers of the need for change. Bartik makes a lot of good points, but they may come across as a series of economic sound bites for those readers who prefer a well-nourished series of arguments fed by narrative and social theory as well as data. This criticism does not detract from Bartik's trenchant empiricism and his painstaking analysis. This is no doubt a solid contribution to the field.


The Maljamar CO/sub 2/ Pilot in Lea County, New Mexico, is a 5-acre inverted five spot. Two zones are being flooded. They are a Grayburg dolomitic sand at 3,700 feet and a San Andres dolomite at 4,050 feet. Two logging observation wells, completed with fiberglass casing through the section of interest, are located in line with the center injector and one of the corner producers. Nine months of freshwater injection in the center well was followed by nine months of brine. A series of induction logs monitored the passing of the fresh water/brine interface providing data for a preliminary characterization of flow in the zones. The brine also established a uniform salinity at the observation wells for saturation determination. Gamma emitting tracers were injected into each zone of the center well as part of a well-to-well tracer study. Frequent gamma ray logs were run in the observation wells to see whether the movement of the tracers could be detected and used to characterize water movement. The results were very encouraging and provided better vertical and time resolution than the induction logs. The numerous responding layers in each zone could be classified by tracer arrival times into only a few basicmore » types. Injection of CO/sub 2/ and follow-up brine has been monitored with a series of induction and neutron logs to follow the changes in water and CO/sub 2/ saturation as the flood progressed.« less


Abstract The utility of multispectral scanner subsystem (MSS) data has, in the last 10 years, proved to be of immense value in hydrologic investigations. Land-use thematic mapping and classification, as well as the identification of hydrologically significant basin physical parameters, are but a few of the many uses of LANDSAT data. Although the benefits have been many, certain problems continue to plague users. Classification attempts in small heterogeneous areas have often resulted in an inability to separate or differentiate the rapidly changing patterns, primarily due to the pixel size being larger than the individual surface parcels. The utility of MSS in small, highly urbanized basins containing complex land-use patterns is, therefore, somewhat limited, although spectral separation over larger, more spatially uniform areas has been highly successful. Another problem is misclassification due to the similarity in spectral response of many dissimilar surfaces such as urban and bare land, water and road...


We demonstrate an RF spectrum analyzer based on spectral-hole burning (SHB) that operates with unity probability of intercept and resolution under 100 kHz. An SHB crystal, which consists of rare-earth ions doped into a crystal host, records the power spectrum of an RF signal modulated onto an optical carrier as a series of spectral holes that persist for about 10 ms. While the crystal's homogeneous and inhomogeneous linewidths place the fundamental limits on resolution and bandwidth, respectively, the practical limits depend on the lasers used to interrogate the record stored in the crystal's absorption profile. Up to now, SHB spectrum analyzers have used chirped beams from externally modulated, stabilized lasers, which have linewidths of under 10 kHz but cannot chirp over much more than octave bandwidths, or directly modulated diode lasers, which can chirp over more than 20GHz but have linewidths of about 1 MHz. Switching to chirped fiber lasers, which have natural linewidths of under 2 kHz and chirping linewidths on the order of 10 kHz, produces a measurement with fine resolution without any laser stabilization. In addition, by chirping the fiber laser with a sufficiently fast piezo, the resulting chirp could extend over tens of gigahertz in under 10 ms, yielding both fine resolution and broad bandwidth without extraordinary stabilization schemes.


Soy protein and national food policy , Soy protein and national food policy , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


This paper focuses on a system that can ensure that excavations are indeed fully documented and that the record is accurate. REVEAL is a single piece of software that coordinates all data types used at excavations with semi-automated tools that in turn can ease the process of documenting sites, trenches and objects, of recording excavation progress, of researching and analyzing the collected evidence, and even of creating 3D models and virtual worlds. Search and retrieval, and thus testing hypotheses against the excavated material happens in real time, as the excavation proceeds. That is the important advance.


This article describes the methodology of signal processing in ultrasonic nondestructive testing of materials with structural heterogeneities. Reflections of probing signal from these heterogeneities entail appearance of a peculiar interference a structural noise witb the same spectral composition as the probing signal. Therefore, it is hard to overcome these interferences. The article also discusses the methodology of recognising the signal on the background of structural noise in ultrasonic non-destructive testing using spatially dispersed transducers, focusing antennae, antennae with synthesised aperture, and the most efficient method spatialtemporal signal processing, which suggests multichannel reception of probing signal combined with optimal signal filtration in each channel.


515Territory — Overseas territories — Governance — Turks and Caicos Islands — Right to self-determination — Judicial review — Whether Orders for peace, order and good government generally beyond scrutiny by courts Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Protocol No 1 to European Convention, 1952 — West Indies Act 1962 — Constitution of Turks and Caicos Islands 2006 — Orders in Council — Turks and Caicos Islands Constitution (Interim Amendment) Order 2009 Human rights — Right to self-determination — Whether right to self-determination a free-standing principle in Turks and Caicos Islands — Whether State's undertaking to hold free elections including commitment not to amend decisions of electorate unless compelling grounds for democratic order — Due process — Right to a fair hearing by an independent and impartial court established by law — Right to a fair trial — Trial by jury — Whether a fair hearing conditional on trial by jury Treaties — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Article 6 — Right to a fair trial — Protocol No 1 to European Convention, 1952 — Article 3 — Right to free elections — Article 4 — Withdrawal from Article 3 — The law of England


A report on the IUD ML Cu 250 is presented. This model can be inserted intermenstrually, after abortion, or immediately postpartum, and can be used by nulli- or multiparae. The device is easily inserted and is effective for about 30 months. The expulsion rate is less than 2%. The failure rate is approximately .3% from a study of 12,142 cycles. ML Cu 250 use was discontinued because of bleeding or pain in about 2.6% of the cases studied. The continuation rate is approximately 90% in various studies.


Edward Channing, McLean Professor of History at Harvard University, has passed away at the age of seventy-four. He was at the time engaged in the production of a history of the United States in eight volumes, seven of which have already been produced. In his early writings he took little notice of the Negro, for he did not have much of the sentiment sometimes expressed in the, writings of Northern historians. Although he apparently had the wrong idea of conditions obtaining among Negroes and sometimes misinterpreted their history, no one can bring against him the charge of being intentionally unfair. He rendered the Negroes of this generation an important service in training in history most of those of the race who are doing creative work of this kind. He early manifested interest in the work of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History not only because its Director was trained by him, but because of the contribution which he believed that the movement had made to historical scholarship. As a result of Mr. Lorenzo J. Greene 's work in the production of The Negro TVage Ecarner he has been invited to speak to several scholarly bodies on this topic. Probably the most appreciative of such circles was the student body of Dartmouth College which he addressed on the 19th of March. Other institutions nearby have expressed interest in the message which he has and will hear him at their first opportunity. Through the Associated Publishers Miss Sadie I. Daniel, instructor in History at the Dunbar High School, will bring out a book entitled Women Builders. This work will deal only with living Negro women who have carried out constructive programs. The eight included are Lucy Laney, Maggie L. Walker, Janie Porter Barrett, Mary McLeod Bethune, Charlotte Hawkins Brown, Nannie H. Burroughs, Jane E. Hunter, and Annie E. Malone. The fifth edition of The Negro in Our History has been exhausted and the sixth edition will soon be available. The new edition will contain three additional chapters with illustrations from the life of the Negro. The new matter added deals with segregation, education, health, industrial relations, and economic conditions.


Objective: To study the effects of Wendan Tang on protein kinase C( PKC),p38 mitogen activated protein kinase( p38 MAPK) and phosphorylated connexin43( P-Cx43) of hippocampus in rats with schizophrenia. Method: Seventy-two SD rats were randomly averaging divided six groups: normal group( A,20 m L·kg-1),model group( B,20 m L·kg-1),Clozapine group( C,20 mg·kg-1) and Wendan Tang highdosage group( D,40 g·kg-1),Wendan Tang medium-dosage group( E,20 g·kg-1),Wendan Tang lowdosage group( F,10 g·kg-1). The A and B groups were given normal saline,the C group was given Clozapine,the D,E,F groups were respectively given Wendan Tang,every day,for 21 days. The B,C,D,E,F groups were ip given dizocipine maleate( MK-801) 0. 6 mg·kg-1to establish rat schizophrenia model,and stereotyped behavior of rats were observed. After three days,the rats were sacrificed and the hippocampus tissue was tested. The expressions of PKC,p38 MAPK,P-Cx43 in hippocampus tissue was determined by Western bloting. Result:Compared with A group,rats of B group appeared stereotyped behavior,the expressions of PKC,p38 MAPK,P-Cx43 in hippocampus tissue was increased( P 0. 05). Compared with B group, stereotyped behavior was improved,Wendan Tang could significantly decrease the expression of PKC,p38 MAPK,P-Cx43 in hippocampus tissue( P 0. 05). The degree of phosphorylation of Cx43 is also statistically significant( P 0. 05) and the highest level of phosphorylation in the model group. Conclusion: Wendan Tang can significantly reduce concentration of PKC,p38 MAPK and P-Cx43,thereby regulating gap junction intercellular communication( GJIC) function.


Purpose of the present study is to investigate self-efficacy of fine arts teachers according to different variables. The present study was designed in correlational research. 230 fine arts teachers were included through convenience sampling. The data were collected through the FATSES developed by Kayserili, Coskun, & Coskun (2017). The data were analysed through Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, Mann-Whitney-U Test, and Kruskal Wallis Test. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that fine-arts teaching self-efficacy does not vary according to marital status and gender variables, but there is a significant difference in terms of years of experience. The Fine-arts teachers with over 21 years of experience scores are significantly higher than the fine arts teachers whose years of experience are lower than 21 years. Research findings were addressed social-cognitive theory and professional life cycle of Huberman (1989). In addition to that it was concluded that marriage does not lead to decrease in self-efficacy of married fine-arts teachers and teaching fine-arts is not gendered profession.


Blowout caused by wellhead casing head damage and fracture must be timely,efficiently and safely rescued.A new spraying device and integrated rescue techniques were developed and designed by analyzing and summarizing blowout experiences and lessons.Laboratory and field tests related were already carried out.The technology dealt with blowout accident by effectively connecting casing buckle spraying device to the damaged part of wellhead casing head.Field application showed good results and the losses caused by blowout were reduced effectively.This technology can promote the capacity of blowout rescue and is worth of further application and popularization.


The invention relates to a lighting apparatus and a method for illuminating a projection area based on a plurality of different illumination patterns. The control of the lighting unit on the basis of illumination data received from an external central system or through an interface are stored in a memory unit. In this manner, a plurality can be realized by different illumination patterns, and thus at least up to four reading lights are replaced by a single lighting unit.


Complete active space MCSCF followed by MRSDCI (multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction) calculations are carried out on the electronic states of PtH2. Spin–orbit interaction is introduced using a relativistic configuration interaction scheme on PtH+ whose d orbital Mulliken population is close to that of the d population of PtH2 and thus enables calculation of spin–orbit splittings for the electronic states of PtH2. The bending potential energy surfaces of the 1A1 and 3A1 states are obtained. The 1A1 surface has a bent minimum and dissociates almost without a barrier into Pt(1S0) and H2, while the 3A1 state has a large (∼55 kcal/mol) barrier to dissociation into Pt(3D3)+H2. The ground state of PtH2 is a bent 1A1 state (θ=85°).


Compared to growth mechanism of crystals, dissolution mechanism has not been studied so well because the phenomena has been regarded as the reverse process of crystal growth. However the phenomena is not so simple as often has been observed in coupled-dissolution and precipitation. This mechanism has been applied to the interpretation of natural mineral dissolution or replacement, it would be important for the selection of polymorphs or chirality during dissolution of medicine or some other materials, as well as natural minerals. Some examples will be shown based on the precise dissolution rate of crystals by interferometry for discussion.


Surgery on the Dead Body.1-Any work from Mr. T. Smith's pen will be looked upon with respect, and, moreover, we may feel perfectly confident that lie would not associate with himself any one whom he could not thoroughly trust to carry out his ideas. On the whole, we are pleased with the volume before us, notwithstanding the plethora of works of this kind which are appearing; just now it is nicely got up, well printed, fairly illustrated, the descriptions are clear, and the arrangement, if not novel, concise and methodical. But we must take some objection to such a title as


I enormously grateful to JAEPL for inviting this special issue and inviting me to edit. I'm excited about these essays. Since 1973, the believing game has been getting bigger and bigger inside my little head, but, all along, I've feared that it had no real existence in the world. Here at last are pictures of the believing game not just in other people's heads but as action in the world. What I've written here are responses after reading all the essays, so you may find it more useful to read my thoughts after you read the essays. (You can use the Expanded Table of


The edible cockle (Cerastoderma edule) is a widely cultivated bivalve with relevant ecological value roles and high value for shellfisheries in different European regions. The emergence of new threats, such as the parasite Marteilia cochillia, has impaired the production and ecosystem of shellfish beds where the parasite was detected. Knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in cockle immune response to this parasite is essential to devise strategies for its control. With this aim, a transcriptomic study of the digestive gland (target organ of the parasite) and the whole cockle meat in response to M. cochillia infection was carried out in heavily impacted area in the Northwest of Spain (Lombos do Ulla, Ria de Arousa). A total of 2079 million raw RNA-seq reads were obtained after filtering and used for annotation of 9049 genes following a conservative bioinformatic pipeline using the chromosome-level cockle genome as reference. Gene expression analysis identified a total of 973 consistent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between comparisons across a temporal series involving cockles with different degrees of infection. DEGs increased with the level of infection within each temporal sample, but the higher DEGs number were detected when comparing temporal samples. Enrichment analysis of DEGs showed an increased expression of molecular functions related to hydrolase, peptidase activity, carbohydrate binding and active transmembrane transporter activity; cellular components such as extracellular matrix and extracellular regions; and a few biological functions associated with immunity and defence response. This information will be valuable for further studies focused on DEGs and associated SNP markers to develop reliant cockle strains to marteiliosis.


An automatic battery checkup system based on machine vision and X-ray was put forward. With the help of X-ray and computer, the system can get battery's inner image and process the data rapidly. After filtering, sharpening and edge extracting, the system can acquire sharp-edged image and distinguish cathode and anode in accurate position. The software compute the distance between anode and cathode, and compare with the reference value, the software judge the quality of the battery,then realize automatic checkup in battery production.


When the traditional spawning grounds of anchovy in the former Zuiderzee disappeared as a consequence of the construction of a dam in 1932, a directed fishery for anchovies continued in the adjacent part of the Wadden Sea until 1962. Subsequently, there has been no commercial fishery and anchovies have only been caught incidentally in the area. In recent years, the stock shows signs of recovery. Spawning-stock biomass was estimated at around 100 t in 1994. It is argued that the decline and recovery of this stock signify long-term changes of the Wadden Sea ecosystem under the influence of variations in eutrophication. Phosphate loads of the river Rhine increased between 1955 and the early 1980s, but have decreased sharply since then.


The high-pressure Diels–Alder reaction of tropones with 2–cyclopenten-1-one afforded isomeric mixtures of adducts. Upon UV irradiation, these adducts isomerized to hexahydro-as-indacene, via [1,3] acyl migration, and tetracyclo[7.3.0.03,7.06,8]undecene derivatives through a ketene intermediate via a di-π-methane rearrangement. The former tricyclic system corresponds to the carbon skeleton of ikarugamycin. An "exo [6+4] adduct" of tropone and 1,4-cyclopentadien-1-ol, an enol form of 2-cyclopentenone, was obtained as a by-product.


Neospora caninum tissue cysts were found in sections of the brain from a full-term stillborn deer of Eld (Cervus eldi siamensis) from a zoo in France. There was N. caninum-associated nonsuppurative encephalitis and the diagnosis was confirmed in immunohistochemical staining with antibodies specific to N. caninum.


Congenital dislocation of the knee is a rare deformity, with an unknown etiology. The treatment of this malformation depends on its extensiveness and applies both conservative approach and surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate treatment outcomes obtained in the patient with congenital dislocation of the right knee and other multiple abnormalities of the motor system as well as the suspicion of Apert syndrome. Between 2005 and 2019, patient with congenital knee dislocation was treated surgically in two medical centers. Authors performed a retrospective analysis of available data from medical archives. The patient first presented to the authors of this study at the age of nine months. Imaging diagnostics revealed complete luxation of the right knee, grade III according to Leveuf and club feet with no fibula bones in the lower legs. The objective of the multi-stage surgical treatment was to enable the patient to walk. Stage one involved a reposition of the congenital right knee dislocation following the Curtis and Fisher technique. The next stage involved a foot surgery – first the left one and then the right. At the age of 5, during the follow-up, the patient was very active: he kept walking, running and jumping and both his feet were in the right position. However, in the following year, a gradual increase of rotation disorders was observed in both lower legs. When the child was 6 years, he underwent derotation osteotomies in both tibia bones. Next, at the age of 12, he underwent anterior femoral hemiepiphysiodesis around right knee with two 8-plates. Plates were removed when he was 14. The last follow-up took place when the patient was 14. The patient is 100% able-bodied and can walk on his own. To sum up, patients with congenital knee dislocation make up a highly complex group that requires multidisciplinary care and frequently also multistage treatment.


Fourteen triads of 4‐5 year olds and 8 triads of 7‐8 year olds were video‐taped playing "doctors and nurses" in a pretend hospital at school. The tapes were analysed in terms of the "scripts" or sequences of activities displayed by the children. These analyses suggest that children were aware of the serial order of activities that occur in medical examinations, though this was clearer among the older children. The data are discussed in terms of the relevance of "script theory" for understanding developmental changes in children's beliefs about hospitals and medical procedures.


This paper considers the issues of data reliability and data transfer time delay in a public switched telephone network (PSTN) channel. It provides analysis and evidence of the reasoning necessary to determine the optimum data speed for a numerical current differential relay for distribution feeder protection. A communication channel testing system was constructed to measure the data transfer reliability and delay over the PSTN channel under different data rates. The results show that for a given current differential message frame, optimum data speed selection can both maximise the data channel reliability and minimise the channel delay. The paper also presents and discusses the results obtained when testing the protection by transmitting protection messages over PTSN channels.


This research aims to know the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on parents and teachers in improving the quality of online learning for elementary school age children, to find out the obstacles and supporters faced by teachers and parents in improving the quality of online learning for elementary school age children. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The object of this study were teachers, students' parents, and students in the shade of MI AL-HIKMAH Talun Blitar. Data collection techniques using observation and interviews. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a list of interview questions to be developed with related literature. The results of this study show the results that teachers always provide motivation, provide customised tasks with abilities and never squeeze in every task. Provide full guidance if needed by parents. This is also done by parents of students actively accompanying and guiding them in working on assignments. Trying to be comfortable but still disciplined to the maximum in accordance with the teacher's instructions. However, in addition to the less supportive facilities and infrastructure, they complained about the additional cost of buying an internet quota, the signals that were less supportive, children at home quickly got bored and misused when using an Android cellphone.


The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment in patients with severe refractory heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).


Resumen en: This paper studies the effect of the presulfiding agent and the synthesis method on the catalytic activity of thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS), using...


For this purpose a finite element model specifically developed for the nonlinear analysis of steel-concrete composite beams is adopted. This finite element model includes material nonlinearity of slab concrete, reinforcement steel, beam steel as well as slabbeam nonlinear partial interaction due to the deformable shear connection. The inclusion of the partial interaction in the composite beam model provides information on the slab-beam interface slip and shear force and enables to model the failure of the shear connectors.


The various kinds of factors that threaten college security were investigated and analyzed. The evaluation index system was established based on analytical hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive judgment. The steps and method of campus security evaluation by the application model were presented with an example. The results showed that the method is feasible and instructive.


The estimation of transfer quality change owing to deformation in modules of construction of optical cable, allowing to consider external influences in the form of low temperatures is given. Values of Q-factor depending on environment temperature change are received.


Villain characters in plays have the features of tragedy,contradiction and counter-factionalism.Most of them are eccentric and unreasonable,going too far and daring to challenge,and are contradictory carrier of reason and desire in plays.Therefore,the villain characters do well in counter-factionalism,create the tense feelings of play rhythm and surmounting free feelings and enable the play plot to achieve the dynamic equilibrium in the contradiction.


In the fracture of ductile materials, the classical parameters of fracture toughness such as the critical intensity stress factor have not validity. Only under special restrictions, the parameter J may be valid. For this reason, it is necessary to define a new quantity, the essential specific work of fracture w e, which value is possible to demonstrate that depends on the thickness of the material. This dependence is not apparent although it is important not only by a scientific concern but also by the industrial requirement to determine this parameter in a fast and secure manner. In the present work, the results of the essential specific work of fracture measured for a steel sheet of thickness varying from 180 to 900 μm produced by the local industry are showed. The recommendation of the ESIS 1995 Protocol has been used for the determination of the essential specific work of fracture. An enhancement in the approximation of the relation between essential specific work of fracture and the material thickness has been done, concluding that a linear relation between both parameters seems to exist at least in the range of thicknesses studied. Furthermore, in spite of the experimental complexity involved in the computation of J, the essential specific work of fracture is the most appropriate parameter for the fast evaluation of the fracture response of ductile materials. INTRODUCTION The principal tonnage of steel actually produced in the world corresponds to carbon steel, the lowcarbon steel being the most important of them, owing to three principal applications: the can industry, architectonic uses (wall, roof, profiles) and car components (bonnet, roof, wings). In the first case, cans may be used as paints containers, fuel and oil vessels, for the food and beverage industries. The toughness dependence on thickness can be observed schematically in fig.1. The value of toughness is a constant, independent of the thickness of the material and hence, a material property, for thicknesses greater than a critical value, called B c. For thicknesses lower than this critical value, toughness increases up to a maximum corresponding to thickness B 0 and then decreases again for very small thicknesses. This behaviour is related to the gradual transition from the full-plane-strain to the full-plane-stress states. For a small thickness a plane-stress condition prevails, and the plasticity around a crack is important. This fact produces the increment of the toughness observed in fig. 1 for thicknesses lower than B c. For the plane-strain condition, the plasticity around the tip of the crack decreases. In this case, the toughness also decreases and becomes a material property. Figure 1. Toughness as a function of thickness. The critical thickness B c may be determined from the following equation [1,2]: 2 5 . 2         = ys Ic c K B σ (1) where KIC corresponds to the plane-strain toughness, independent of the thickness and σys is the tensile yield stress of the material. For thicknesses below B 0, different tendencies of toughness have been observed. In this work, the dependence between toughness and thickness under a plane-stress state is studied, for two different low carbon steels. To this end, the concept of specific essential work of fracture, proposed by Broberg [3], is applied and thus replacing the toughness for very ductile materials under plane stress condition. If a fracture process is considered, the non-elastic zone near the crack can be separated in the process zone, where the fracture takes place and the outer plastic zone, where plastic strain occurs, see figure 2. Hence, it can be concluded that the total work of fracture is the sum of the essential work occurring in the process zone plus the non-essential work, corresponding to the outer plastic zone. The former is directly related to the energy required to produce two new surfaces of a fractured material and it is called the essential work of fracture W e. The second is the work related to the plastic deformation around the crack and it is called the non-essential plastic work, Wp. The total work of fracture, Wf can be expressed then as [3]:


In this article, three different thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficient and emissivity are retrieved simultaneously using Bayesian inverse framework. Metropolis–Hasting Markov Chain Monte-Carlo (MH-MCMC) sampling is more commonly used in the literature to sample through posterior probability distribution function (PPDF) to find the expectations such as mean, standard deviation. However, when the posterior is multi-model/correlated, sometimes MH-MCMC struck with one mode and fails to sample through other modes which have significant probability. Nevertheless, efficient sampling techniques are being developed during the last decade to overcome this problem. Therefore, in the present work two population-based sampling techniques such as Parallel Tempering (PT) and Evolutionary Monte-Carlo (EMC) are used along with MH-MCMC to sample through correlated PPDF to retrieve the above three thermal properties. The estimation is carried out at three levels of measurement errors. The experimental data are obtained by adding normally distributed random noise with mean at zero and standard deviation '' to the exact solution of the forward problem. The results show that when the measurement error is zero, i.e when , all three techniques perform well and estimates the parameter reasonably good. However, at and 0.5, MCMC estimates the parameter poorly, whereas both PT and EMC performs equally and estimates the parameter within a maximum of 9% deviation from the exact value.


Describes the development of two traffic control and surveillance systems (TCSS) in Malaysia, ELITE on the Central Link Expressway and LINKEDUA on the Malaysia-Singapore Second Crossing. They will provide the technology transfer platform to enhance a greater working knowledge of TCSS in Malaysia. All road networks have their own unique characteristics and their control must be part of the indigenous expressway network growth. The systems must be carefully evaluated and their effectiveness measured. The acceptance of these systems by the ultimate users, the drivers for whose safety and benefit they have been installed, is the factor that will most strongly influence the development of future functionality.


. The diagonalization method, introduced by a group of Russian scientists at the beginning of seventies, is used to compute the energy density of superheavy massive particles produced due to a sudden phase transition from inflation to kination in quintessential inflation models, the models unifying inflation with quintessence originally proposed by Peebles-Vilenkin. These superheavy particles must decay in lighter ones to form a relativistic plasma, whose energy density will eventually dominate the one of the inflaton field, in order to have a hot universe after inflation. In the present article we show that, in order that the overproduction of Gravitational Waves (GWs) during this phase transition does not disturb the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) success, the decay has to be produced after the end of the kination regime, obtaining a maximum reheating temperature in the TeV regime.


In this study, experimental research was carried out to improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete exterior beam-column joint regions using replacing recycled coarse aggregate with hybrid fiber (steel fiber+PVA fiber) in existing reinforced concrete building. Therefore it was constructed and tested seven specimens retrofitting the beam-column joint regions using such retrofitting materials. Specimens, designed by retrofitting the beam-column joint regions of reinforced concrete building, were showed the stable failure mode and increase of load-carrying capacity due to the effect of crack control at the times of initial loading and bridge of retrofitting hybrid fiber during testing. Specimens BCJGPSR series, designed by the retrofitting of replacing recycled coarse aggregate with hybrid fiber in reinforecd beam-column joint regions were increased its maximum load carrying capacity by 1.01~1.04 times and its energy dissipation capacity by 1.06~1.29 times in comparison with standard specimen BCJS. Also, specimen BCJGPSR1 were increased its energy dissipation capacity by 1.33~1.65 times in comparison with specimens BCJS, BCJP and BCJGPR series for a displacement ductility of 9.


In this article, the residual power series method is used to solve time-fractional Fisher equation. The residual power series method gets Maclaurin expansion of the solution. The solutions of present equation are computed in the shape of quickly convergent series with quickly calculable fundamentals using mathematica software package. Explanation of the method is given by graphical consequences and series solutions are made use of to represent our solution. The found consequences show that technique is a power and efficient method in conviction of solution time-fractional Fisher equation.


Abstract By the combination of meta‐analysis, the data of the 1,000 Genomes Project Phase 3, and the promoter sequence of hepatic lipase (LIPC), we performed the cross‐sectional study to explore the associations of four variants (rs1077835; rs1077834; rs1800588 [C‐514T], and rs2070895 [G‐250A]) in LIPC promoter with plasma lipid levels. Our results indicate that the first and the next three of the four SNPs are, respectively, reported to be associated with the decreased and increased HDL‐c level. Meta‐analysis of 87 studies with 101,988 participants indicates that HDL‐c level in rs1800588 (C‐514T) (pooled mean difference = 0.03, 95%CI (0.03, 0.04), p < .001) and rs2070895 (G‐250A) (pooled mean difference = 0.07, 95%CI (0.05, 0.09), p < .001) is higher in allele T or A carriers. Similarly, LDL‐c, TC, TG, and BMI levels are generally increased in T or A alleles carriers. We failed to conduct the meta‐analysis of rs1077835 and rs1077834 due to the limited previous reports. Data from the 1,000 Genomes indicate that the allele frequencies of the four SNPs in total or subpopulations are almost equal to each other. The paired value r 2 and D' of the four SNPs are larger than 0.8, which indicate the linkage disequilibrium of the four variants. The analysis of LIPC promoter indicate that C‐514T and G‐250A are, respectively, located in transcriptional factor binding sites of USF1and Pbx1b, which may partly explain the effect of the two SNPs on the decreased LIPC activity in the alleles carriers and the corresponding increased plasma lipids hydrolyzed by LIPC. These results may help us to better understand the different effects of the four SNPs on the plasma lipid levels among subpopulations and offer clues for future clinical treatment of dyslipidemia‐related diseases.


In two experiments rats were trained to make instrumental responses, with each response earning first one and then a second outcome. Subsequent devaluation of either the first or the second earned outcome had a depressive effect on responding. The magnitude of the effect was similar, whichever outcome was devalued. This result suggests that initially trained response-outcome associations are fully preserved despite the same response being trained with a second outcome.


In the Theatre de la Jeune Lune's adaptation of Franz Kafka's unfinished novel Der Verschollene, the function of the word "disappearance" in the title underscores why Kafka's novel is so well-suited for translation into theatre, an art that in essence appears to "disappear." First, by ridding the word Verschollene of its sense that somebody is missing, "disappearance" enacts both the protagonist's vanishing and the manner through which it is effected: by losing him in translation. When Karl Rossman fails to assimilate into American culture, he is relegated to its margins. Fully assimilated or not, his disappearance is demanded of him either by successfully translating into his new culture or by resisting translation and so falling through the cracks. Disappearance also signifies how "Amerika," the notion of the country that Karl formed prior to his emigration, fades from sight as he becomes disillusioned by his encounters with the real America. Still, Jeune Lune's staging, which beautifully employed films and slides to establish some of the settings, called into question which version of America we were seeing: good or bad, it might all be a projection, America disappearing behind Amerika, which in turn disappears in light of America. As soon as one thinks about which is seen, the other shows through and the initial perception vanishes in the thought of it, echoing the unstable boundaries between theatricality and reality. Jeune Lune's Amerika, or The Disappearance deftly exploited these disappearances to reveal how America has also depended on disappearances in order to keep up appearances. Shortened and altered by Steven Epp and Dominique Serrand from what Jeune Lune performed with the American Repertory Theatre in Boston the previous fall, the Minneapolis version of Amerika more quickly established relationships among disappearance, assimilation, and immigrants' success in America. Almost immediately after stepping off the boat, Karl greets his Uncle Jakob—now a shipping magnate—pronouncing his uncle's name as a German would. Karl is confused by his lack of response, until his uncle sharply informs him that he is no longer "Jakob" but "Jacob," a name devoid of European inflections. As the spelling of the names implies though, the chasm between Jakob and Jacob lies not only in what we hear, but also in what we see. Jacob did not merely talk the talk, he walked the walk. Played with gleeful excess by Steven Epp, Jacob ostentatiously chewed gum, sprawled over rather than sat on chairs, and was bluntly sententious, constantly lecturing Karl that if he was to reach his uncle's level of success, "Karl" must become "Carl," which Jacob insisted could only happen if Karl's accent disappeared.


Vertical Speed Control Measures are vertical elevated segments of roadway that require a vehicle to slow. Typical vertical speed control measures include speed humps, speed tables, raised sidewalks and raised intersections. These engineering measures are used to reduce risk to pedestrians of crossing streets where transport flow is big. The object of this research is speed table. Measurements of ground borne vibration was done 1 m near the speed table and in reference point, in the same street where the speed table do not influence the traffic speed. Reference measurement point is in the same distance to the street as to the speed table. Measurements was done in two seasons: cold and warm. Ground borne vibration measurements took place in L. Asanaviciutės st., Vilnius. In this research was found that highest acceleration value near the speed table was 21,8 mm/s2 when heavy weight vehicles was passing, in reference point highest value was 38,1 mm/s2. Heavy weight vehicles induce highest ground borne vibration peaks. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.002


The effects of space charge and lens aberrations on a 5‐keV, 80–200‐mA electron beam focused by a solenoid lens are investigated theoretically and experimentally. A third‐order radial trajectory equation is derived with space charge added in the form of discrete annular current elements. This equation is numerically solved for the trajectories of focused electrons in a short solenoid lens. Trajectories launched near the axis are ''reflected'' from the axis at the waist due to space charge, and trajectories launched farther from axis, cross the axis. The resulting discontinuity is best illustrated in a transverse phase‐space plot where it may be described as a ''tearing'' of the electron distribution. Due to the combined action of the nonlinear lens forces and the space charge, the initially uniform radial current density distribution becomes markedly nonuniform (hollow or peaked depending on distance) downstream from the lens. Detailed experimental measurements of the density profiles at different positio...


Abstract Our goal is to compare the performance of Classification and Regression Tree, Naive Bayes and Random Forest algorithms, from supervised image classification, and approaches on Pixel-Based Image analysis (PBIA) and Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA), to classify turbidity in reservoirs. Tod do so, we use Landsat 8 image and bands and spectral indices, as predictive parameters, as well as the classification algorithms based on PBIA and GEOBIA. The Brazilian Itaipu reservoir was adopted, as a case study. Our results show that the RF classifier obtained the highest accuracy in both classification approaches, followed by CART and NB. The KA and OA indices of the GEOBIA classifications were superior to the PBIA classifications in both algorithms. This study contributes with an approach to quickly and accurately delineating turbidity spectral limits in reservoirs.


The article raises the issue of placing PWPW in the system of economic and public security. Two particular categories of security connected with PWPW business activity, i.e. identification and transactional security, have been defined and discussed in the article. The most essential factors affecting the above security categories as well as relations between identification/transactional security and economic/public security. The article indicates that PWPW plays an important role in the state's economic security system and the business activity of PWPW, including banknote, document and related software's production, creates the fundamental interest of state's security.


ABSTRACT We report the finished and annotated genome sequence of Pasteurella multocida gallicida strain Anand1_poultry, which was isolated from the liver of a diseased adult female chicken. The strain causes a disease called "fowl cholera," which is a contagious disease in birds. We compared it with the published genome sequence of Pasteurella multocida Pm70.


While sequence homology among eukaryotic 5.8S rRNAs is relatively high, even among distantly related organisms (1), the secondary structure of this region, although similarly conserved, does not rely completely on sequence integrity. That is, the functional folding pattern remains the same while utilizing different rRNA base pairs achieved through compensatory mutation. Ticks in the genus lxodes share 5.8S rDNA sequence homology with other arthropods from which this region has been described (2,3) (Figure 1). Parsimony analysis of bases 1-122 and 131-157 from Figure 1 (first consensus base at 5'- and 3'-end of Drosophila 5.8S spacer), places the lxodes outgroup squarely between clusters of Culex, Drosophila and Bombyx, Acyrthosiphon. The


The purpose of this study was to describe the reports regularly written in mental health hospitals and community mental health centers. Psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, pastoral counselors, administrators, and records specialists were interviewed. A total of 150 randomly selected samples of five basic mental health records were analyzed. Rhetorical contexts for each were evaluated.


We consider the problem of locating facilities and allocating servers on a congested network (LASCN). Demands for service that originate from the nodes are assumed to be Poisson distributed and the servers provide a service time that is exponentially distributed. The objective is to minimize the total cost of the system which includes a fixed installation cost, a variable server cost, a cost associated with travel time and a cost associated with the waiting time in the facility for all the customers. The problem is formulated using non-linear programming and subsequently analyzed. Results for exact and approximate solution approaches are reported. We also show that we can modify the approaches to solve the LASCN with constraints limiting both the travel time to the servers and the waiting time of customers.


In the course of the construction of Xinjiang rural old-age pension insurance system,the economic、political factor,especially the old-age pension culture of minority people has been played a very important role.minority people of Xinjiang have formed the old-age pension culture which is centered by family supporting.This kind of old-aged pension culture can promote the construction of rural old-age pension insurance system while it can also weaken on that.Therefore,we should ab-sorb its quintessence and avoid it draffy,cultivate the modern old-age pension culture which is of national feature.


In this article, we analyze the nature and origin of a new <small class="caps">wh </small>-question strategy employed by young speakers of Labourdin Basque. We argue that this new strategy implies a parametric change: while Basque has always been a bona fide <small class="caps">wh </small>-movement language, these new constructions are instances of <small class="caps">wh </small>-in-situ and display the syntactic and semantic properties and patterns of in-situ <small class="caps">wh </small>-questions in French. We analyze the emergence of this new strategy as being due to the combination of three factors: (i) the abundance of structurally ambiguous <small class="caps">wh </small>-questions in the primary linguistic data, (ii) the change in the sociolinguistic profile of bilingual Basque-French speakers, and (iii) an economy bias for movementless derivations.


SUMMARY Reclaiming farmland from lakes in China in the 1950s damaged the water quality of many lakes. Tremendous efforts have been made since the late 1990s to restore vegetation around the damaged lakes. This paper examines water quality of Fuxian and Qilu Lakes and land-use characteristics within the two catchments in the high-altitude area of Yunnan Province, China. Landsat TM data acquired in 1989, 1994, 1999 and 2005 were used to extract land use and land cover (LULC) information. Measurements of five water quality indices (WQIs), BOD, COD, pH, TN and TP, for the same period of time were examined. The results showed that the area of residential and forest/shrub increased, whereas that of cropland and barren land decreased from 1989 to 2005 in both catchments. Qilu Lake was much more polluted than Fuxian Lake, and pollution worsened over time for both lakes. The differences in water quality between the two lakes were caused by differences in LULC composition and continued degradation in water quality was caused by intensive farming and urban sprawl. Unless the landscape is converted back to its pre-1950 composition and structure, water quality in both lakes cannot be significantly improved and will continue to threaten sustainable development in the region.


A method and system is provided for controlling data transfer using a short data burst mechanism between a mobile station (MS) and a base station (BS). After identifying that a short data burst mechanism is desired to be used for transmitting data between the MS and the BS, the data is transmitted over a common channel used for communication between the MS and the BS without having to establish a communication link between the MS and the BS over a traffic channel.


The Guardians is an ambitious work of institutional history with a global reach by a world-class historian at the height of her powers. It is a tour de force. The first comprehensive history of the League of Nations' mandate system in a half-century, it does not relate events in each mandatory territory but at the international level, when arguments and conflicts spilled beyond the bounds of state and empire and came before the League, producing global effects. The book is beautifully produced, with well-chosen and placed images and appendices with useful information. The writing is engaging and often stunning; the argument subtle, yet clear and persuasive: the League's Permanent Mandates Commission profoundly transformed the imperial order between the world wars, not by fulfilling its idealistic architects' mission of making imperial rule more humane or uplifting but by creating a new apparatus for international oversight and a new level of "international diplomacy, publicity, and 'talk' " (4). The book seeks to rehabilitate the League. Typically depicted as a failure for succumbing to the triple blows of the Manchuria Crisis, the Second Disarmament Conference, and the Italo-Ethiopia War, the League fared better, Pedersen argues, in other missions, particularly the mission to manage the imperial order through the mandates system. I must quarrel a little at the outset with Susan Pedersen's claim that historians treat the mandate system dismissively. Few would argue that the effort to subject imperial rule to international control did nothing, though many might reasonably conclude that whatever profound effects it had were limited by critical geopolitical continuities. For this reason, few will need convincing about Pedersen's broad argument that League oversight could not revolutionize the way mandates were governed but did oblige mandatory powers to "say they were governing them differently" (4). This argument goes down very easy. Where Pedersen is highly and importantly original, however, is in arguing that all that talk—having to legitimize their rule in Geneva before an international audience—made a substantive difference in the way history unfolded in particular places, making the League "an agent of


The paper reports on a study of design studio culture from a student perspective.
Learning in design studio culture has been theorised variously as a signature pedagogy emulating professional practice models, as a community of practice and as a form of problem-based learning, all largely based on the study of teaching events in studio.
The focus of this research has extended beyond formally recognized activities to encompass the student's experience of their social and community networks, working places and study set-ups, to examine how these have contributed to studio culture and how there have been supported by studio teaching.

Semi-structured interviews with final year undergraduate students of architecture formed the basis of the study using an interpretivist approach informed by Actor-network theory, with studio culture featured as the focal actor, enrolling students and engaging with other actors, together constituting an actor-network of studio culture. The other actors included social community patterns and activities; the numerous working spaces (including but not limited to the studio space itself); the equipment, tools of trade and material pre-requisites for working; the portfolio enrolling the other actors to produce work for it; and the various formal and informal events associated with the course itself.

Studio culture is a highly charged social arena: The question is how, and in particular, which aspects of it support learning? Theoretical models of situated learning and communities of practice models have informed the analysis, with Bourdieu's theory of practice, and his interrelated concepts of habitus, field and capital providing a means of relating individually acquired habits and modes of working to social contexts. Bourdieu's model of habitus involves the externalisation through the social realm of habits and knowledge previously internalised. It is therefore a useful model for considering whole individual learning activities; shared repertoires and practices located in the social realm.

The social milieu of the studio provides a scene for the exercise and display of 'practicing' and the accumulation of a form of 'practicing-capital'. This capital is a property of the social milieu rather than the space, so working or practicing in the company of others (in space and through social media) becomes a more valued aspect of studio than space or facilities alone. This practicing-capital involves the acquisition of a habitus of studio culture, with the transformation of physical practices or habits into social dispositions, acquiring social capital (driving the social milieu) and cultural capital (practicing-knowledge) in the process. The research drew on students' experiences, and their practicing 'getting a feel for the game' by exploring the limits or boundaries of the field of studio culture.

The research demonstrated that a notional studio community was in effect a social context for supporting learning; a range of settings to explore and test out newly internalised knowledge, demonstrate or display ideas, modes of thinking and practicing.

The study presents a nuanced interpretation of how students relate to a studio culture that involves a notional community, and a developing habitus within a field of practicing that extends beyond teaching scenarios.


Chestnut cake was made with Queshan oil chestnut and wheat flour in different mixture proportion.The processing was optimized with orthogonal experiment,the optimal formula was got as following: wheat flour 950 g,chestnut flour 50 g,egg 1 200 g,sugar 1 000 g and water 350 g.Chestnut cake is a new idea for deep processing of chestnut.


An integral formula is derived for calculating the complete expansion of the Glauber amplitude for multiple scattering when the density function is of the form, rho (r)= Sigma c>or=0(A2cr2c)exp(- alpha 2r2).


Due to the specific characteristics of video games most of the established HCI methods of user research cannot be used the same way for video games. One of the challenges is to gain insight into how players feel and behave when playing a game. This paper explores a technique on using Biometrics measure and Storyboards where we graph the player's experience journey over a longer period. The graph could visualise a meaningful relationship between the changes in a player's biometric signal and game events. This would
enable game developers to have a better understanding of players' gameplay behaviour and eventually help them optimise the experience of their game.


The theme in Three Kingdoms is to eulogize the chivalrous spirit and ethics which were highly praised by the chivalrous ancients before the Qin Dynasty and a historian Sima Qian in the Western Han.The chivalrous accounts in Three Kingdoms come from historical records,fork legends and the author's imaginative creation.


Uterine carcinosarcoma is an aggressive neoplasm with low survival rates because of the lack of very effective chemotherapy protocol. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recently suggested to be an efficient protocol for this cancer. Pheophorbide a (Pa) is a chlorophyll degradation product in the green plant cells, its antitumor effect was reported on a number of human cancer cells with PDT approach. This study demonstrated that using Pa in PDT (Pa-PDT) significantly inhibited the human uterine sarcoma cell line MES-SA with an IC50 value of 0.5 μM at 24 h. Induction of apoptosis was found on the Pa-PDT treated cells according to the results of propidium iodide (PI) staining, annexin-V staining and DNA fragmentation assay. Pa was found to be localized in the mitochondria that lead to the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential by the rapid generation of singlet oxygen during light irradiation, where release of cytochrome c was detected and lead to the activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in MES-SA cells. Our findings revealed the therapeutic potential of Pa-PDT on the human uterine cancer.


We study a microjunction in a two-dimensional electron gas under the action of a uniform magnetic field, orthogonal to the gas plane. The microjunction is modeled as an infinite rectilinear waveguide with parabolic walls interrupted by a barrier. Low magnetic fields suppress the backscattering and improve the conductance quantization with sharper transmission steps. At higher field values an unexpected feature emerges: the resonant tunneling through the barrier. Just near the threshold, at energies for which the traversal of the barrier is classically forbidden, well-defined transmission peaks appear which correspond to quasibound states trapped inside the barrier


The utility model relates to a wireless infrared remote control, which consists of a wireless infrared transmitter A and a wireless network adapter B. The wireless infrared transmitter A comprises an infrared transmitting head, a central processing unit A, a wireless transmitting-receiving head A, a memory A, buttons and a power supply; the wireless network adapter B comprises a wireless transmitting-receiving head B, a central processing unit B, a memory B and a USB interface; the wireless transmitting-receiving head A and the wireless transmitting-receiving head B are electrically connected with each other, and an infrared receiving head is electrically connected with the infrared receiving port of a traditional electrical appliance through infrared signals. The utility model has the advantages that: one remote control can control all household electrical appliances, thereby saving multiple remote controls of the household appliances; the control codes supporting various electrical appliances can be downloaded conveniently through the wireless network; and the utility model supports the wireless remote control computer and also the future standard wireless remote control devices.


In the process of meeting the growing demand for electric power and heat, coal will play an increasingly important role in the world wide. Fluidized combustion offers a clean and relatively inexpensive method for coal combustion, a method insensitive to fuel quality and capable of reducing sulfur and nitric oxides emission. At the work, a prototype fluid bed was produced and the distance between the holes had been narrower towards to the center of the distributor sieve in order to balance the distribution of the air. Later on, the quantity of the coal was decreased continuously and at the end of the measurements, the heights of the solids and the rates of the solid had been defined and the effects of the coal quantity had been investigated.


In this paper the effect of pretreatment applied to potato slices parallelepiped shape 1x1x5.5 cm in fat absorption, effective diffusivity, constant mass transfer and change of color after frying process was evaluated using soybean oil 180 ° C for 3 minutes. The independent variable in this process was the type of treatment taking as levels: T1 pure potato, osmotic dehydration T2, hydrocolloids coverage T3 and T4 osmotic dehydration more hydrocolloids coverage. The results were processed in a design of randomized complete block, showing that if there are significant differences between treatments obtained for each dependent variable. The smallest percentage of total fat absorption was obtained using the T3, which had no significant difference in T2.


Four different tillage systems were compared in soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production on one experimental field (chernozem) located in the Baranya region of northeastern Croatia in 2002 and 2003. The dry conditions experienced in 2003 exacerbated the negative effects of no-tillage on soybean yield. The 2-year average yield of soybean was significantly lower under no-tillage (NT) than in the conventional tillage (CT), soil loosening (SL) and disc harrowing (DH) treatments. The soybean oil and protein contents were very similar in all the tillage systems over the 2-year average. Soybean crude fibre (%) was affected by the main effect of tillage. Averaged over 2 years the crude fibre (%) of soybean grain was greater under NT than in the CT, DH and SL treatments. The ash (%) generally increased as tillage declined.


This paper discusses a study conducted on historical transformer oil leakages reported during projects at a major Oil Company. The objective was to identify means of reducing oil leak incidents and thereby reducing its impact to company projects and operations. The study involved review of all data reported over a 10-year period relating to transformer deficiencies during the electrical equipment manufacturing phase of many projects. All contributing factors to this problem were investigated and analyzed including the effectiveness of Source Inspection and testing requirements during the Manufacturing Stage of the transformers. The study revealed some identified risk inspection areas that need more attention during the manufacturing of transformers which may lead to oil leakages if not properly verified and successfully inspected. Examples of risk areas include the visual inspection of welds, and liquid penetrant testing prior to leak test.


'there may be no such thing as a book produced entirely outside commercial con texts' (p. 249). 'Non-commercial' is not synonymous with 'non-professional'. And it is often difficult to recover contexts that make 'non-commercial' a meaningful term. Pecia-transcription, even if undertaken by amateur copyists, exists within a com mercial environment; books made for religious houses may require the employment of lay artisans, for example. Pouzet is perhaps unfairly hamstrung by the terms of his discourse. Any collaborative volume is likely to be a mixed bag and there are some chapters that could be subject to more searching criticism than I am able to offer here. I have admiration for a number of the essays. The conceptual coherence of the volume does not seem wholly clear. To suggest, as the editors do, that this volume will open doors and point to directions for future research may be correct. The very best of the essays here do that, but others rather less. There are few typographical or other errors, but several occur in Professor Mooney's chapter: it is not the case that Osbern Bokenham 'also served as scribe for copies of his Legendys of Hooly Wummen and complete Legendary of Saints' (p. 195); nor is it the case that St John's MS 266 was 'written to accompany Caxton's printed copies of The Canterbury Tales, Troilus and Criseyde and John Mirk's Quattuor Sermones', (p. 209) ([sic]: Mirk did not write this work). The printed editions are decorated and ruled to look like the manuscript; on p. 197 she gives her 'own transcription' of a passage from Huntington, HM 111; the nine lines contain sixteen transcriptional errors.


Disclosed are a server, a terminal device, a service transit server, and a control method thereof. The server according to the present invention includes: a communications unit communicating with the terminal device; a storage unit storing information on context which can be collected in the terminal device; a determination unit determining whether it is possible to collect the context related to a service changed in the terminal device based on the information on the context, when an event, in which the service provided by the server changes, occurs; and a control unit requesting transmission of the context related to the changed service for the terminal device, and providing the changed service based on the context received according to the request, when it is determined that the context related to the changed service can be collected.


Summary Modem technology offers powerful professional programs that were originally designed for scientific and practical engineering purposes. These programs are now easily operated by simple graphic interfaces. Even if they offer much more than we may need for instructional purposes, these tools can still be very useful as a support for teaching and learning both the subject matter domain and additional general skills from relatively early stages of scientific and technological education. This article describes the instructional approaches developed for using a professional electronic circuit analyzer program as a learning environment for students in basic electronics courses and discusses the general implications of using such programs for instruction.


S UMMARY The study deals with a population which is reproducing partly due to random mating and partly due to selfing. The effect of such a combination of mating systems in varying degrees, on the genetic variability in the population and also on the covariances of relatives, is considered. The covariances of relatives are determined in terms of the additive and dominance components of variance, and the amount of selfing. These covariances could be used for estimation of the two components of variance. The results are compared with the corresponding results for a random-mating population. Several research workers have considered the variance, and covariances of relatives, in a diploid population where the mating process is either random mating or some regular system of inbreeding such as selfing or full-sib mating. Fisher (1918) considered a random-mating population, obtained the variance of individuals and developed formulas for the correlation between various types of relatives for autosomal loci for the cases of no epistasis and dual epistasis. These results have been extended to cover more complex situations in random-mating populations. Kempthorne (1955) and Horner (1956) have studied covariances of relatives under certain regular systems of inbreeding. Cockerham (1963) has described several mating designs and their analyses for the estimation of genetic variances based on covariances of relatives. The aim of the present paper is to investigate similar properties when the progeny is produced partly by outcrossing and partly by selfing. Such a situation is of interest because there are crops such as wheat, rice, barley and lima beans, which are largely, but not wholly, selfed, and crops like cotton which are moderately self-fertilized. We shall assume that the population is large and that it reproduces in nonoverlapping generations with constant probabilities e of selfing and y ( = 1- ) of random mating. We shall discuss the nature of the variance and of covariances of relatives under such a mixture of mating systems.


The aim of this paper is to introduce Parling, a multimodal system developed for supporting learning of English as a foreign language. It is devoted to 8-11 year-old Italian children learning English at primary school. Parling features a set of instructional games that change their vocabulary content dynamically based on the user's learning needs. Moreover, Parling proposes a key feature to involve more young learners: the Make-Your-Story tool, that enables the user to create herself a new story. The technological core of Parling is a speech recognizer that allows implementing automatic pronunciation assessment. The acoustic models are trained by exploiting speech data collected from native speakers of British English in the age range of the target system users. In this initial version of Parling a simple binary response, i.e. an accept/reject response, is generated for each input utterance. A more detailed feedback will be developed in future Parling versions.


Nineteen stimulus photographs varied in hue and color scheme of one clothing style of Korean dress worn by a female were used to explore the differences in perceptive effect of clothing cues (color, color scheme, structure) on impression formation by perceiver variables (gender and major). Subjects were 77 male 86 female undergraduate and graduate students. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, factor score, ANOVA and Scheffe´-test. Results indicate perceptive effects of clothing cues on impression formation are influenced by gender-differences and major-differences of percervers. Significant gender differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and gender. Significant major differences were found in perception of clothing cues on impression effect. Interaction effects were found between clothing cues and perceiver`s major. Female perceivers and perceivers of majoring in Liberal Arts reacted to clothing cues on impression formation with greater sensitivity than male perceivers and perceivers of majoring in Natural Sciences. Frequent interaction effects between gender and color of Chima (cool-warm color), between major difference and color scheme(relacted color harmony-contrasting color harmony)appeared on factors of impression effect. The influence of perceiver variables on their perception of cloting cues for impression effect has important implications for gender difference and perceiver`s majoring background in a social situation.


An anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based on 8 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) electrolyte that was deposited via an electron-beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technique, was investigated. A NiO-8YSZ plate was used as both an anode substrate and as a substrate for the deposition of 8YSZ. An additional buffering layer was coated on the anode substrate via a screen printing before the deposition of YSZ film in order to enhance the surface smoothness for the film deposition. In this study, we controlled various experimental variables for the film deposition and subsequent heat treatment process to obtain highly dense and impervious electrolyte film. Consequently, we were able to obtain a large area (12 X 12 cm) and dense YSZ film with a uniform thickness of ∼ 8 μm. The surface and cross-sectional microstructure and the corresponding phase of deposited film were thoroughly analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical performance of the EB-PVD unit cell was investigated using dc current-voltage load testing, a dc current interruption technique, and an ac-impedance spectroscopy. Peculiar microstructural features of the deposited film, such as the columnar structure of grains along the growing axis, and the film's microstructural effect on unit cell performance, were addressed.


Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) happen as a result of infection, side effects to medications or of unknown etiology. Carbamazepine is a common cause (SJS). Good history taking is crucial if clinically indicated treatment with carbamazepine. carbamazepine should be avoided with previous history of severe drug reaction like mast cell activation syndrome.


Under the conditions of physiological pH and neutral pH,the inclusive behavior and the solubilizing effect of hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin with γ-mangostin were studied by fluorospectrometry.The effect of the temperature on the apparent stability constant of inclusion complex was investigated.The inclusion complex was prepared by a solution-mix round method and characterized by infrared absorption spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetric analysis.The results showed that Hp-β-CD can react with γ-MAG forming a 1∶1 and 2∶1 host-guest complexes with apparent stability constants of 1.57×103L/mol and 2.7×106L2/mol2 under the gastric juice pH and neutral conditions respectively,which indicated that it is easier to form inclusion complex under the neutral condition than at the gastric juice pH.However,at the intestinal fluid pH,no inclusive phenomenon was observed.There is no evident difference of the apparent stability constant of inclusion complex at different temperatures.In the presence of Hp-β-CD,the solubility of γ-MAG increased about 31 times more than that in the absence of Hp-β-CD.


The correlation between neighbor nodes is a key factor in wireless sensor networks. It has a crucial impact on network load. But few researches refer to it. This paper discusses the correlation effect on network load firstly, and then presents DOSC and DOTC as parameters to quantify the spatial and time correlation of the neighbor nodes respectively. Based on these, the paper proposes STCAS-MAC. STCAS-MAC is evolved from AS-MAC by improving its adaptive scheduling and considering the validity period of information. Simulation results show that compared with the AS-MAC, the proposed protocol improves greatly in several performances. Especially when the network load is heavy or variable, the STCAS-MAC protocol can improve the delivery ratio effectively or adaptation obviously.