Degradation mechanisms in tin-plated contacts (Sn contacts) and gold-plated contacts (Au contacts) are clarified. Contact resistance and corrosion characteristics for both types of contacts are investigated and compared. Contact resistance is more stable for Sn contacts than for Au contacts in a SO 2 + NO 2 + C1 2 atmosphere. This is because relatively few corrosion products are formed on Sn contacts. Also, the surface films formed on Sn contacts shatters more easily upon plastic deformation. Corrosion experiments in atmospheres containing different combinations of SO 2 , NO 2 , and Cl 2 demonstrate that two types of corrosion processes take place in plated contacts. One is surface corrosion which occurs when the surface finish is severely attacked by a corrosive atmosphere. The other is pore corrosion which occurs when the underplating materials are attacked to a greater extent than surface corrosion. Both processes occur in Sn contacts and the former is dominant in atmospheres containing Ci 2 . On the other hand, only pore corrosion occurs in Au contacts. Furthermore, galvanic corrosion either enhances or inhibits the formation of outcroppings in the pore corrosion process, depending on the electrode potential of the surface finish and underplating materials.


In this work we propose an approach to extract Skolem-functions from CEGAR based QBF solvers (e.g., RareQS [4]) for true QBF formulas containing 2 or 3 quantification levels. We as well propose some optimizations to improve extracted certificates and perform detailed experimental evaluation.


Over the recent years, long-term place recognition has attracted an increasing attention to detect loops for largescale Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) in loopy environments during long-term autonomy. Almost all existing methods are designed to work with traditional cameras with a limited field of view. Recent advances in omnidirectional sensors offer a robot an opportunity to perceive the entire surrounding environment. However, no work has existed thus far to research how omnidirectional sensors can help long-term place recognition, especially when multiple types of omnidirectional sensory data are available. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to integrate observations obtained from multiple sensors from different viewing angles in the omnidirectional observation in order to perform multi-directional place recognition in longterm autonomy. Our approach also answers two new questions when omnidirectional multisensory data is available for place recognition, including whether it is possible to recognize a place with long-term appearance variations when robots approach it from various directions, and whether observations from various viewing angles are the same informative. To evaluate our approach and hypothesis, we have collected the first large-scale dataset that consists of omnidirectional multisensory (intensity and depth) data collected in urban and suburban environments across a year. Experimental results have shown that our approach is able to achieve multi-directional long-term place recognition, and identifies the most discriminative viewing angles from the omnidirectional observation.


The goal of this study was to provide building designers with daylight performance data on four-sided atria with various well and canopy configurations under an overcast sky. A total of seven different atrium well configurations and a total of 36 atrium canopy configurations were parametrically evaluated with physical scale models in terms of their impacts on the illuminance levels on the atrium floor. Effective transmittance data of the 36 canopy systems were determined from the measured daylight factors so that the effective transmittance data could be used when determining daylight factors inside atria with various alternative canopy systems.


A comparison of three basic probe molecules of varying strength, namely pyridine, acetonitrile, and carbon monoxide, was made, and their suitability toward the characterization of surface acidity in zeolitic materials was assessed. Two test samples were employed:  both ultrastable Y (USY) zeolites but with differing silica:alumina ratios and degree of extraframework material. Carbon monoxide proved to be the most selective probe, not only being able to differentiate Bronsted (BAS) from Lewis acid sites (LAS), but BAS with varying acid strength as well. However, its weak basicity did not allow interaction with OH groups situated within the sodalite cages, this only being achieved with the two more basic probes. OH groups interacting with extraframework material also failed to form H-bonds with CO. Both pyridine and acetonitrile interacted with all OH groups, and pyridine was protonated by the most acidic bridged species. Although LAS could be told apart from BAS, differentiation of different types of LAS a...


In accordance with problems in Binnan low permeability oilfield, such as ineffective water flooding, serious under- injection, and high pressure water jet injection being not effective, this paper studies the mechanism of under - injection, and optimizes the formula of acidizing fluid system. Application in 9 water wells showed that the effective rate of this low - harm acid fluid system was 100% , and the injection and oil production had noticeably increased.


This research seeks to investigate the influence of different public sector organizational antecedents on government employees' job satisfaction. Extensive reviews of literature revealed perceived procedural justice, distributive justice, esprit de corps and job training as the most referred antecedents of employees' job satisfaction. To empirically test the study hypotheses, data were collected from 332 personnel working in National Savings (Public sector investment bank in Pakistan). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data using SPSS Statistics 23 and AMOS 21. The results of this research generally support the hypothesis proposing the relationships between organizational antecedents (procedural and organizational justice and esprit de corps) and job satisfaction, except the association between employee's training and job satisfaction. The study helps in formulating policies regarding workforce and labor management by providing in-depth insight to the concerned authorities of various government organizations. This research, in addition to limitations, provides some tangible future research directions for future researchers in the light of its findings.


Abstract. The occurrence of an emergency situation (ES) forced international (ISN, EDTA/ERA) and national (Turkey) nephrological associations to establish the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force, which is primarily concerned with the treatment of patients with acute kidney injury and end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. The war started by the RF is putting the Ukrainian state, Ukrainian society, and the healthcare system in the catastrophic ES. Under these circumstances, all nephrological patients became one of the most vulnerable categories of patients.
To provide immediate support in solving problems within the Ukrainian Association of Nephrologists and Kidney Transplant Specialists (UAN&KTS), the Ukrainian Renal Disaster Relief Committee (URDRC) has been established. One of the most important tasks was to form a group of experts to develop recommendations for specialized medical care for kidney patients in wartime.
 According to the experts, the key person for this type of medical care is the leading nephrologist in the region or city. He/she establishes a local Renal Disaster Relief Committee (LRDRC) and decides through horizontal (with other LRDRC) or vertical (with UAN &KTS) collaboration, using available communication tools, on the problems that arise; the most appropriate tool is the Viber platform "Nephrology. Dialysis. Transplantation". In this way, a network without administrative subordination and a non-hierarchical functional system was created, which, on the one hand, functions according to similar working principles, but, on the other hand, may differ in terms of LRDRC composition, communication methods, and more.
The LRDRC divides all patients into three groups and provides work preparation measures before, during and after the cancellation of ES.


In the past few years the risks associated with use of the Internet and social networking sites by children and young people have become a recurrent focus of attention for the media, the public, and policymakers. Parents, caregivers, and child care professionals alike are rightly concerned about exposure to pornography, pedophiles, and cyberbullies. At the same time Internet researchers have been steadily collecting evidence about the actual opportunities and risks associated with the young people's use of the Internet. In this article we describe some of the emerging evidence on opportunities and risks for young people and consider the challenges for social welfare professional charged with the role of safeguarding "looked after" children.


A significant part of the work of the outstanding singer, People's artist of the USSR Muslim Magomayev is his work in the variety genre. M. Magomayev made a significant contribution to the development of variety music not only in Azerbaijan, but also in the USSR, enriching this genre with newer traditions. So, concerning the variety music of the 1960–1980 years of the last century, first of all, M.Magomayev is remembered. While on the subject of M. Magomayev's variety creative work from this point of view, it is not enough to mention only his song performance. It is also necessary to emphasize the trends introduced by him in this genre. The legendary musician raised Azerbaijan's variety performance to an academic level. At the same time, M. Magomayev successfully created his own performing line in the song genre. He managed to expand the boundaries of the song genre and to introduce contrasting tricks.


An improved nondestructive characterization technique is developed to measure the relative density distribution of the EL2 level in undoped semi‐insulating (SI) GaAs wafers at room temperature. Experimentally, the resistance of a small area of the wafer is measured twice, first with greater than band‐gap illumination outside a small masked area and then with a narrow‐band optical filter centered at 1074 nm in place of the masked area. The difference of the two measured resistances is shown to be proportional to the density of the EL2 level. By moving the masked area across the wafer while taking resistance measurements, the relative density variation of EL2 can be determined. A theoretical discussion based on the commonly used compensation model for undoped SI GaAs materials is presented to interpret the experimental data. A technique for applying electrical contacts to SI GaAs materials by ultrasonic soldering has been developed to achieve reproducible measurements. Although only GaAs materials were inve...


Competitors who view information technology exclusively as a strategic weapon for competitive advantage risk missing a valuable opportnnit y: the use of information technology in conjunction with competitors for collaborative advantage. Collaborative advantage is defined as the benefit gained by a group of participants as the result of their cooperation rather than their competition. Experiences in the development of a community health information net work provide significant les~sonsabout such a use of information technology. A description of the creation of a multi-organizational information system among seven competing hospitals in Dayton, Ohio, contributes to the development of a needed body of literature regwding information technology f or collaborative adv:int age. an important phenomenon that is notably scarce in the current literature.


A bin comprising a vessel and a pivoting lid that can be moved between an open position and a closed position. The lid and the vessel are arranged in such a manner that the air leaving the vessel during closure of the lid and when the lid is close to its closed position is forced to turn at least twice, being forced to pass between substantially vertical surfaces belonging respectively to the lid and to the vessel, at least at the front of the lid, preferably at least at the front of the lid and on both sides therefore, and more preferably still all round the four edges of the lid, so as to encourage the creation of raised pressure inside the vessel, which raised pressure tends to brake the displacement of the lid towards its closed position.


Habitat dioramas are natural history scenarios which typically feature mounted zoological specimens arranged in a foreground that replicates their native surroundings in the wild. Ideally, the three-dimensional foreground merges imperceptibly into a painted background landscape, creating an illusion—if only for a moment—of atmospheric space and distance. More profoundly, some of the major controversies hidden in the diorama concept are: taxonomic versus ecologic understanding; art versus science; popular education versus scientific documentation; culturally biased perception versus 'objectivity'; and 'Omni-max' versus diorama.


To achieve the goal of"health first",the sunlight sport education has been carried out among millions of students to.With the sunlight sport education as the goal,it is of great necessary to innovate the higher sport education pattern to improve the performance of the sunlight sport education.There are inherent consistencies and relations of the education purpose between the sunlight sport and the higher sport education and which provides the diversified path to achieve the purpose of higher sport education.By analysis,there are many problems existing in the current higher sport education such as the importance of the knowledge of the physical education needs to be deepened,the purpose of the physical education needs to be diversified,the content and form of the physical education needs to be innovated,the comprehensive evaluation system of the physical education needs to be diversified,and the evaluation effect is not well used.Finally,some countermeasures to innovate the higher sport education as the establishment a better ecological environment for the higher sport education and the comprehensive evaluation system oriented to the sunlight sport.


Have we been teaching reading well? Close reading has been the signature practice in literary studies. More recently, however, postcritique has polemically revised this traditional mode of teaching reading. This essay proposes the initial framework for a novel arts-based pedagogy based on Spoken-Word Song, bridging critical literary interpretation and teacher-student co-created artistic performance. Spoken-Word Song is here cast as a privileged means for allowing university students to become intellectually and emotionally invested in poetry, following precepts of the affective turn in the humanities. Moving from theory to practice, this paper will contextualize Spoken-Word Song within three domains before describing the practical steps of my pedagogy: (1) its relevance to contemporary literary theory, (2) a brief overview of the American Spoken-Word Song and (3) Spoken Word pedagogies currently practiced in the American educational system.


In the process of comprehensively promoting the reform of the market economy system, China's infrastructure is becoming more and more perfect, and the quality of life and living standard of the masses are getting higher and higher. While pursuing material satisfaction, the public is increasingly concerned about their spiritual and cultural enjoyment. Under such a realistic background, grassroots mass sports have developed very rapidly. In order to provide necessary support and help for mass sports, China has gradually increased its investment in and support for mass sports work, built a scientific and perfect sports management mechanism, and ensured that the system can achieve steady operation, focusing on the enthusiasm and physical fitness of grassroots sports. This article will combine theory with practice, understand the implementation path of different management systems, and analyze the specific mode of grass-roots mass sports management mechanism. In this way, we can better suit the remedy to the case, ensure that each grassroots mass sports management system can play its due role, meet the diversified and personalized physical exercise needs of grassroots people, and comprehensively improve the overall quality and participation initiative of the people.


The streamer channels in Marcol oil have been studied under the positive "step" voltages. Experiments were performed with a point-plane gap of 8 cm. Three kinds of streamer channels were observed around breakdown voltage. These are dark, partly illuminating, and fully illuminating (reillumination) channels. No current could be detected for the dark channels. The partly illuminating channels correlate with small current pulses in some hundreds of milli-amperes. However, the reilluminations are associated with much higher current pulses of some amperes. All kinds of channels occur simultaneously and propagate almost equally fast. Streamers with reilluminations almost always terminate with breakdown. On the other hand, streamers with dark or partly illuminating channels have much lower probability for breakdown. Reilluminations do not have significant effects on the propagation of non-breakdown and breakdown streamers as well as the time to cross the gap and breakdown. In the 2nd mode streamers, 30-50% of their branches are able to become illuminated, and the number of reilluminations as well as illuminating branches is proportional to the applied voltage. The effects of vacuum on streamers were also investigated. With vacuum, streamers travel with much lower voltage drop along the streamer channel. Therefore stopping length greatly increases, and the breakdown voltage drastically drops. All crossing streamers result in breakdown. The number of reilluminations in vacuum is lower than that in ambient pressure. The physics of the above streamer channels is discussed.


The isomerization of tricyclo[2.1.0.02,5]pentane to 1,3-cyclopentadiene was studied using ab initio calculations at the multiconfiguration self-consistent field level of theory. Single-point energy calculations were also performed using the MCQDPT2 and CCSD(T) methods. The isomerization process was found to proceed through a concerted, asynchronous pathway characterized as a disrotatory ring opening of the bicyclobutane moiety. The activation barrier was found to be 42 kcal/mol. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004


The Precolnitsa graben (West Bulgaria) spreads out over entire Kamenitsa cattle and continues on the territories of Serbia (to the North) and Macedonia (to the West). Paleogene terrigenous sedimentary and volcano-sedimentary successions in association with synand postsedimentary acid volcanic bodies of the linear Ruen magmato-tectonic zone crop out in the graben. The stratified successions form the large NW–SE (135–140°) fault bounded Devebair asymmetric graben-syncline. The same is the trend of the strips both of the intragraben horsts and of the cutting volcanic bodies. The units in all of the lithostratigraphic models оf the Precolnitsa graben рaleogene filling are described as Formations and Members, consisting of both bedded and unbedded lithologies but according to the requirements of the Stratigraphic Code they have to be considered as "nomen nudum" only. This discrepancy together with some new data called for an actualization of the lithostratigraphic division. The following changes were made in the most frequently used model (Fig. 3, columns 2, 3, 5): a) taking into account the lateral variations of the stratified successions and their interruptions by cutting volcanic bodies and steep faults, the formal lithological units are recategorised into informal ones – formations and packets; b) the breccia-conglomerate formation (20–400 m) is regarded an equivalent of the Tsarven dol Formation of the previous model; с) the bedded volcanogenic rock varieties of the Gueshevo Formation from the lowermost levels of the Percolnitsa section are united with the pyroclastic Tsreshnevo Formation in a volcaniclastic formation (about 100 m?), which is interfingered with the basal breccia-conglomerate formation; d) the volume of the Dolno selo Formation is divided into two packets. The first packet is variegated and consists of sandstones and small pebble conglomerates with lenses of limestons and fine white tuffs (up to 120 m). The second packets (>600–700 m) is a siltstone-conglomerate-sandstone one; e) the volcano-sedimentary formation (200–400 m?) consists of bedded rocks, related to the growth and partly – to the erosion of the Gyueshevo paleovolcano (pyroand epyclastics, rare sheet-like lava bodies) and of synchronous sedimentary deposits; f) The Jedilovo Formation is united with the second member (Bб2) of the Velbajd Formation (Иванов et al., 1971) in a sandstone-conglomerate formation; g) the lithostratigraphic units are characterized using the data, available up to the end of 2012. The age interval of the Precolnitsa stratified rocks deposition is still under discussion: a) according to the determinations of spore-pollen assemblages and macrophauna nearly all the section, including the upper levels of the volcano-sedimentary formation, belongs to the Upper Eocene (Priabonian); b) according to some radiogeochronologic determinations of pyroclastics and epyclasts the Paleogene sedimentation starts on the territories of Eastern Serbia and near-border part of Bulgaria by the end of the Late Eocene (at about 35–34 Ma) ± synchronously with the earliest events of the subaerial exsplosive acid volcanism. It continues in Latest Priabonian and Earliest Oligocene (together with synsedimantary volcanic activity at the Gyueshevo locality: 33–31.6 Ма) being interrupted by the Devebair assymetric graben-syncline formation and the following intrusion of the polistage postsedimentary Kopriva subvolcanic stock (32–30 Ma). In the frame of such a possible scenario the Eocene-Oligocene boundary coincides with the early events of the synsedimentary volcanism at the Gyueshevo locality.


Micro-Raman measurements were performed to study the nitrogen-related modes in ZnO samples implanted with N+. The two stable N isotopes, N14 and N15, were implanted. Distinct peaks at 277 and 512cm−1 are observed irrespective of the implanted isotope, both before and after rapid thermal annealing. The insensitivity of the mode frequencies to the implanted isotope rules out the explanation of these modes as local vibrational modes involving N motion. These modes were not detected in ZnO samples implanted with Zn+, O+, or P+, which suggests that they may be associated with distortions∕defects favored by the presence of N.


In recent years, there has been an increased incidence of a variety of lymphoproliferative diseases, including non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma often develop lesions of the peripheral nervous system. Neuropathies are usually being detected in patients with an established diagnosis of lymphoma and are rarely the initial manifestations of the underlying disease. We describe a 43-year-old patient with multifocal mononeuropathy caused by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This clinical case has shown that the pathology of the peripheral nerves, with the exclusion of other causes of the disease, could be the onset of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.


The acceleration of the pace of education reform in China in the new era has had a positive impact on the construction environment and equipment engineering. In order to advancing with the times and improve the teaching level of the building environment and equipment engineering in practice, it is necessary to consider the teaching reform, implement the corresponding discussion and analysis work, and improve the teaching status of such professions and provide protection for the scientific training of professional talent. Based on this, this paper will systematically expound the teaching reform of the building environment and equipment engineering, in order to provide reference information for the improvement of teaching efficiency and quality.


Sixteen international journals publishing statistical theory were surveyed over the 11‐year period beginning in 1985. Paper, author and adjusted page counts yield cursory measures of productivity for institutions and countries that contributed to fundamental statistical research during that period. These data clearly identify Canada as one of the main contributors to the development of the discipline in the past decade. They also provide valuable information on the evolution of publication habits, in terms of the volume of research, the length of papers, coauthorship practices, etc.


The effects of the inlet air-injection on aerodynamic behavior and the characteristics of an axial compressor were numerically investigated. The operation curve was numerically captured at the design operation region of a specified test compressor with no air-injection. The computed results showed good agreements with those obtained from the experiments, to validate the unsteady two-dimensional finite-volume solver which was developed based on Van Leer's flux splitting algorithm in conjunction with TVD limiters and the K-£ turbulence model. At the second step, to show the improvement of the operation curve during the air injection, the operating points were adjusted to the unstable values, and the aerodynamic unstable streamlines and consequently the performance reduction were revealed apparently. Afterwards, the required air-injection at the inlet was imposed numerically, and all unstable flow patterns were removed with a significant recovery of the performance, to present a numerical explanation of the airinjection technique.


This article examines the nature of the compensation package in the organization of social benefits as a mechanism for additional administrative worker exposure and identifying ways to optimize its structure.


The relationship between structural and magnetic properties in stoichiometric pyrrhotite ${\text{Fe}}_{7}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ has been investigated using variable-temperature neutron-diffraction data. Below its magnetic ordering temperature, ${T}_{\mathrm{N}}=598(5)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, ${\text{Fe}}_{7}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$ exhibits a monoclinic 4C structure, related to that of NiAs, in which fully occupied cation layers alternate with cation-deficient layers. The magnetic structure consists of ferromagnetically aligned layers, with antiferromagnetic coupling of adjacent layers. The ordered moment of $3.16(1){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ at $11\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ is directed at an angle of $29\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ to the layers. The magnetic transition is accompanied by a structural transformation from the monoclinic 4C structure to a hexagonal cation-deficient NiAs structure, in which the vacancies are statistically distributed between all layers. Although the 4C structure is recovered on cooling through the magnetic transition, the resultant phase exhibits a significant degree of intralayer cation disorder.


TiO2 thin films with good adhesive strength have been formed on stainless steel base by double glow discharge technique and thermal oxidation method.Ti layers are formed by double glow discharge technique at 950 ℃, then the samples are treated at 200~750 ℃ by thermal oxidation.The influence of thermal oxidation temperature on the component and structure of TiO2 films has been studied.The result shows that the uniform films are formed on stainless steel base,Ti,O diffusing layers can be formed on the surface of the stainless steel base and their thickness increases with the higher thermal oxidation temperature.The thermal oxidation temperature also has great influence on the phase of the thin films.XRD results show that the phase is TiO and anatase TiO2 under 300 ℃;at 400~600 ℃,the phase is anatase TiO2;over 650 ℃,the phase is rutile TiO2.


A tearing mode with m = 3 and n = 2, destabilized in the steady state high-βp H-mode discharges with edge localized mode (ELM), was completely stabilized by local heating and current drive using the 110 GHz first harmonic O-mode electron cyclotron (EC) wave. Here, m and n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers, respectively. The optimum EC wave injection angle was determined by identifying the mode location from an electron temperature perturbation profile and a safety factor profile. The optimum injection angle was also determined by scanning a steerable mirror during a discharge. In a typical discharge where the tearing mode is completely stabilized, the ratio of the electron cyclotron heating power to the total heating power is 0.17, and the ratio of the EC driven current to the total plasma current is 0.02. Stored energy and neutron emission rate were higher for the case with EC wave injection than that without EC wave injection, which suggests that the reduction of the stored energy and the neutron emission rate was recovered by the tearing mode stabilization.


In the 14th Five Year Plan, China clearly proposes to develop the automobile strategic industry, reduce the carbon emission intensity, and formulates the carbon emission peak plan by 2030. As the automobile is the most frequently used vehicle, weight reduction can achieve the purpose of energy-saving and emission reduction and help to achieve the peak of carbon emissions as soon as possible. The lightweight automobile steel is the research hotspot in the future, and the lightweight steel has attracted much attention in the automobile manufacturing industry. Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel, with its high strength, good oxidation resistance at high temperatures, good fatigue performance, high elongation, and good energy absorption during a collision, etc., has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of automotive steel. It is found that the addition of micro-alloyed/alloyed elements to Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel is of great significance to improve its properties. In this paper, the effects of micro-alloyed elements (Nb and V) and alloy elements (Si, Cr, and Cu) on the microstructure, properties, and κ-carbide of Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel were reviewed. The main ways of improving the properties of Fe-Mn-Al-C lightweight steel by micro-alloyed/alloyed elements were summarized and the existing problems were analyzed to provide a reference for future research.


The invention relates to a multifunctional entertainment information advertisement device, comprising a frame, a microprocessor arranged inside the frame, a display screen which is arranged on the frame and is connected with an output interface of the microprocessor by a display drive unit, an input device connected with an input interface of the microprocessor, a communication unit connected with an I/O interface of the microprocessor, an authorization device which is connected with the microprocessor and is used for controlling whether the operation of the input device is allowed and an advertisement exposure control module which is connected with the authorization device and controls the display screen to display the presetting videotext. The multifunctional entertainment information advertisement device of the invention collects the functions of entertainment, information and advertisement into a whole and serves a plurality of purposes as well as interiorizes the contents of advertisement by the interaction; moreover, a user can select the entertainment programs by themselves, thereby satisfying the individual requirements and ensuring that the user can kill time in the entertainment; in addition, the economic benefits of operators can be improved by providing non-gratuitous services.


The aim of this study was comparison satisfaction in athletes of leadership styles in the sport of karate.The research employs descriptive-correlation method.The population of the study, all athletes participating in the 2012 national competition in karate formed two studies (150 patients)from which the sample was taken of all methods Of which 80 were women and 70 were men.This study includes a questionnaire scales measuring leadership in sport (LSS) with reliability 0/90 was used to measure the satisfaction of the athlete satisfaction questionnaire developed by the researchers from the Questionnaire (ASQ) and reliability 0/93 was used. Finally, to analyze the data, descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation was used. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation was used.Women view, Karate of the operating management style, management styles and priorities in education, Karate task-oriented managerial style. The results suggest a close relationship with the players, the coaches, players, issues and problems, technical and tactical guidanceduring competition and training and education to improve the skills of the players' strengths and weaknesses, and special attention should beit also recommended that coaches deal with players in different age groups of behaviors and leadership styles appropriate to use. According to the results of the use of mental skills coaches and management will be more.Classes are offered in these skills should be taught to teachers and the importance of these skills for trainers will tell.


Abstract : The United States Navy is considering new power distribution architectures for surface combatants to enhance war-fighting capabilities and ship design opportunities. One such concept is the Integrated Power System (IPS) in which a common electric bus delivers power to both the ship's propulsion system and ship service electric system. One of the main challenges to the IPS/all-electric ship is the introduction of significant harmonic distortion into the main AC distribution bus caused by power electronic equipment. Power electronic equipment is necessary to implement the variable-speed motor drive for propulsion and for power conversion associated with distribution. The harmonic distortion leads to derating distribution equipment and degrading the performance of various system loads. As a result, every system attached to the main distribution bus must be able to accommodate the harmonics or the harmonics must be reduced to acceptable levels. The project's objective is to compare competing strategies that seek to reduce bus harmonics in a naval warship IPS. The subsidiary benefit of this task is to improve the efficiency and minimize the derating factor for shipboard engines, generators, and transformers. The proposed method of reducing harmonics is a system based on multi-pulse rectifiers and passive filtering. A multipulse rectifier is a power electronic device that converts AC power into DC power. Six and twelve-pulse rectifier systems are simulated and evaluated, as well as constructed and tested in the laboratory paradigm for passive filtering is set forth for each system. Size, weight, and acquisition cost estimates are derived from vendor data and assessed for feasibility of implementation on an actual destroyer-class warship. This project demonstrates the feasibility of improving power harmonics in an IPS using a system of multi-pulse converters and filtering.


A self-assembled ZnII-NdIII heterohexanuclear coordination compound [Zn4Nd2(L)4(bdc)2]·2NO3 based on a hexadentate Salamo-like chelating ligand (H2L = 1,2-bis(3-methoxysalicylideneaminooxy)ethane]) and H2bdc (H2bdc = terephthalic acid) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV/Vis spectra, and X-ray crystallography. Two crystallographically equivalent [Zn2Nd(L)2] moieties lie in the inversion center linked by two (bdc)2− ligands leading to a heterohexanuclear dimer in which the carboxylato group bridges the ZnII and NdIII atoms. The heteropolynuclear 3d-4f coordination compound includes four ZnII atoms, two NdIII atoms, four completely deprotonated (L)2− units, two fully deprotonated (bdc)2− units, and two crystalling nitrate ions. All of the ZnII atoms in the ZnII-NdIII coordination compound possess trigonal bipyramidal geometries and the NdIII atoms possess distorted bicapped square antiprism coordination arrangements. In addition, the fluorescence properties of the ligand and the ZnII-NdIII coordination compound were investigated.


12023 Background: Aromatase inhibitors have been shown to be better choice for Hormone therapy in Post menopausal receptor positive woman when compared to Tamoxifen. Methods: 22 patients with stage IIIB (4pts) & stage IV (18pts) who have failed on chemotherapy/tamoxifen or not fit for any modality of treatment were included in the study. 21 were postmenopausal & one patient was post hysterectomy status.21 patients had ER/PR receptor positive status while 1patient ER/PR status was not known.9 patients had under gone MRM, 10 patients had received CT prior to aromasin while 4 patients received CT along with Tamoxifen therapy. All patients were started on Aromasin and patients who were previously on Tamoxifen were switched over to Aromasin Results: All patients were observed on Aromasin. Period of remission ranged between 1–4 yrs. Complete response was seen in 5 patients (22.7%). Stable disease was noted in 8 patients (36.3%) and progressive disease was noted in 9 patients (40.9%). Responders had improved to ...


Addressing the neck during burn rehabilitation is challenging, but critical as hypertrophy and contractures can result in adverse psychosocial, functional and cosmetic outcomes. Attention to the neck early in the rehabilitation process is crucial in minimizing scarring and preventing cervical contractures.
 This video will demonstrate fabrication of a neck splint using silicon lined low-temperature thermoplastic material. The silicone-lined material is durable and has the capability of maintaining optimal pressure and position. It can be utilized alone or in a combination with compression garment to ensure 23 hours of pressure, which is crucial in preventing neck contractures, maintaining good cervical spine alignment and ROM, maximizing function and enhancing aesthetic appearance.
 Based on our clinical experience, use of silicon lined low temperature thermoplastic splint allows for early and aggressive scar management. Furthermore, patients report improved compliance with wear and ease of care for this splint.


The results on the standard model Higgs boson in tau pair decay using 25 fb–1 of pp collision data at 7 and 8 TeV center-of-mass energies collected by the CMS detector at the LHC has been presented. A direct evidence of the Higgs-lepton coupling is established with the tau pair decay mode. Searches for Higgs bosons decaying to tau leptons in scenarios beyond the standard model such as supersymmetry within the minimal extension of the model has also been reported.


The invention relates to an automatic measuring system and method for digital multimeter, wherein, the method includes the following steps: whether a calibrator and a measured digital multimeter exist is detected; when a tester detects that the calibrator and the measured digital multimeter do exist, he/she controls the calibrator to output the standard signal of measured parameter to the measured digital multimeter and tests the standard signal through the measured digital multimeter to obtain corresponding tested value; through comparing the value of the standard signal and the tested value obtained through the measured digital multimeter, the tester can judge whether the tested value is within the range of error; finally, a testing report is generated according to the value of the standard signal and the tested value obtained through the measured digital multimeter. The invention can increase the efficiency and the accuracy of digital multimeter.


The most significant value of society is the life and health of the people. Therefore, the main goal of the healthcare system is to ensure the continuity of medical services for the population. Organizing the healthcare sector within the community during the war presents an unprecedented challenge for government authorities and local self-governance.

The article aims to define the peculiarities of organizing healthcare institutions under martial law in the country, highlighting key factors that influence the field of medicine and directions for optimizing the activities of medical establishments. The research employed various philosophical methods for analysis and information study, including dialectical, metaphysical, synergistic, and intuitive methods. Besides, the authors used systemic analysis, synthesis, and abstraction. At the same time, such particular scientific methods as formal-logical (dogmatic), comparative, sociological, hermeneutical, instrumental, axiological, and a synthesis of institutional and axiological approaches were used. The research results identified crucial theoretical aspects regarding the operation of healthcare institutions during the war. The article also examines scholars' viewpoints on the key problems of medical institutions during hostilities.


Objective:To optimize the conditions for extraction of Panax notoginseng ( Burk. ) F. H. Chen. Methods; Conditions for the extraction were studied by orthogonal experimental design, and the contents of total notoginseng saponin were measured. Results; Panax notoginseng was extracted by decoction method. Significant effect was observed in 4 different experimental conditions. The optimum condition for the extraction of Panax notoginseng was to soak the drug in 12 times amount of 80% alcohol for 160 min at 65 ℃. Conclusion; The experimental results provided the basis for the ascertainment of extraction process of Panax notoginseng preparation. It is available for industrial production.


The method comprising including a catalyst capable of generating active material in a manner that contains the material deposited under vacuum in the vacuum chamber, there is disclosed a substrate coated on at least one side, the loading at least one substrate (a) a vacuum chamber; (B) the step of closing the vacuum chamber, the vacuum evacuation; (C) the step of incorporating a gaseous reducing agent cleaning the substrate into the vacuum chamber; (D) removing a gaseous reducing agent; (E) a step of applying a vacuum arc vapor deposition on the intermediate layer, to a substrate comprising the same or similar material is placed in a vacuum chamber; (F) setting a temperature of the vacuum chamber 150 ℃ to 400 ℃; (G) phase would be at least one metal selected from the steps of applying a coating by a vacuum arc vapor deposition, ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and mixtures thereof the group placed in a vacuum chamber and oxygen is supplied over the coating time; And (h) is the final step performed to the vacuum chamber is filled (flooding) again and remove the coated substrate from the chamber, the implementation of each of the following steps in the aforementioned step and one step is, if appropriate, the protective gas is carried out at different pressures in a vacuum established by the, at this time, at least 99% of a substrate coated on at least one side, is held so as not to exist a component contained in the substrate itself for the first time, at least 99% of the applied coating on the intermediate layer is a non-characterized in that the holding so as not to present a metal oxide.


In this rich collection of essays, which follow on from his 'Perception of the Environment' (2000), Ingold investigates a quite breath-taking range of questions such as how humans learn, what it means to hear, see, touch, and what makes an image different from a drawing or an element of notation (181). Ingold shares a series of experiential, sustained experiments in mind and body with his readers, including careful observation of the process of sawing a single plank of wood, building and flying kites with students, or imagining St. Augustine arguing with Immanuel Kant about the shape of the earth and sky. These experiments demonstrate his understanding of anthropology as a comparative endeavour, an enquiry into the possibilities of human life. He engages again and again with intellectual allies such as MerleauPonty, Deleuze and Guattari, and treats the reader to a challenging dialogue with thinkers such as Bruno Latour, James Gibson, Chris Tilley and Martin Heidegger. The book consists of a series of essays, mostly published previously elsewhere, which can therefore each stand on their own. A prologue usefully introduces and binds together the main strands of reflection. The five sections deal with a range of human engagements with the world, such as perceiving through walking, exercising a skill such as drawing or writing, and the implications of thinking about the world in terms of environment, space or place, landscape or soundscape. In an epilogue, Ingold sets out his vision of what a nontotalizing, process-oriented and open 'graphic anthropology' might look. The bedrock to which Ingold returns again and again is the conviction that being alive does not mean having a particular essence, but to be doing, happening, to be entangled in processes with other beings (68). As in Koyukon animal names, (to which Chapter 14 provides a delightful introduction), living beings are best understood as verbs rather than nouns. Pursuing this processual world-view, Ingold shows how certain problems such as the mind–body connection, the relationship of 'nature' and 'society', the opposition of ideas, materiality and 'agency' are problems created by such dualistic assumptions, which in his processual view of life, simply dissolve. In a world of motion, perception and action cannot be contrary or consecutive elements, but are coupled, predicated on each other. Ingold's detailed description of what happens when he saws a plank for his book-case playfully demonstrates this coupling, the fundamental synergy of practitioner, tools and materials (53). Ingold argues that making or thinking something like a plank is not a process


More and more drop-on-deman d inkjet printheads are entering the market differing in the principle of droplet ejection such as bubble-jet and piezo technologies. Every major player in thi s field has his own technology patented, which has its advantage s and drawbacks. In addition, the patent situation in this area turns out to be quite demanding for any independent printhead manufacturer to enter the market and to be successful, as the main patent o wners have a rather restrictive license policy. Therefore, independent companies find themselves often unable to manufacture their o wn inkjet printhead ba sed on the current technologies. In this paper, the technology of an independent proprietary inkjet printhead i s presented. It demon strates the simple working principle and the wide range of applications such as printing, fluid dispensing or defined droplet formation. Special empha sis is directed to a variation of basic printhead de signs necessary to meet the specific needs of each application. Moreover, the function and the innovative aspects of this technology are de scribed in details with examples of potential industrial applications.


This paper is concerned with the H∞ sampled-data control for a class of fuzzy neutral systems. Employing Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, the input delay approach, the descriptor system method, Barbalat lemma and the LMI approach, a design method of sampled-data state feedback controller for the fuzzy neutral systems is proposed.


The motivation for this research follows from our observation of the increasing influence of digitalization on sporting activities and the emergence of physical-digital hybrid sport. While traditional, physical sport gradually embraces digital elements and experiences to the game, born-digital eSport increasingly involves physical elements in its setting (e.g., offline tournaments). In this paper, we investigate various physical-digital hybrid configurations of existing and emerging sporting activities and their implications for the fusing of the digital and physical worlds. Based on an inductive approach and drawing from existing literature on physical-digital hybridity, we conceptualize four sport clusters (digitally supported sport, digitally augmented sport, digitally replicated sport, and digitally translated sport) along three dimensions: the sporting activities (especially in terms of the relationship between the digital and physical components), the sporting arena, and actors' influence. Based on our conceptualization and observations, we discuss implications for both the information systems and sport management domains.


The present invention relates to an image intended to be incorporated into a smart card that can carry objects in the microcontroller (30), the microcontroller (30) comprising at least: the power supply to the microcontroller (30) of the contacts (the VCC); a data input and / or output contacts (I / O); valid data processing part (μCE); and confidential data; according to the present invention, the microcontroller further comprising: changing the data processing part (μCE) power voltage means (GEN, CAP, COM), the device is capable of protecting the confidential data against current consumption value based on the analysis of the attack.


Based on surface enhanced Raman scattering( SERS),a super-sensitive immunoassay of prostate specific antigen( PSA) was developed with the sandwich-type structure consisted of the nano-Ag immune probes and nano-Ag immune substrate. Experimentally,the chemical reduction method was used to prepare Au and Ag nanoparticles,the nano-Au/Ag immune probes were prepared by immobilising Raman reporter molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid( 4-MBA) and anti-prostate specific antigen antibody( Anti-PSA) onto the surfaces of Au/Ag nanoparticles. The nano-Ag/Au immune substrates were prepared by in-situ growing of Ag/Au nanoparticles on a silicon wafer and linking with Anti-PSA. The immunoassays of PSA were explored by the four kinds of sandwich-type structures consisted of the nano-Au/Ag immune probes and nano-Au/Ag immune substrates,respectively. It is found that the sandwich-type structure consisted of nano-Ag immune probe and nano-Ag immune substrate is the best one to the immunoassay of PSA,and the detection limit of PSA is as low as 1. 8 fg/m L( 3. 490 × 10- 18 mol/L),which is suitable to be applied in early detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer.


Metrological characteristics of atmospheric pollution monitoring deviees are evaluated according to the NF X20 -300 standard. The application of this standard to Lidar sys tems raised specifie method-related problems that have been appropriately solved. The evaluation of the Elight 5 10 M Lidar has been performed using S02 as the pollutan!. Good results were obtained.


Water is the most important natural resource on the earth and is pivotal in every aspect of life. Rising demand of water, specifically for irrigated agriculture, has brought new challenges to the water resources planners and managers. Realizing the demand gaps arising due to uneven spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall, it is necessary to create suitable irrigation facilities. Other than the modern micro-irrigation technologies, furrow irrigation has been the most efficient surface irrigation methods. Hence, a project was undertaken to study the infiltration capacity, water front advance and recession under furrow irrigation.


This paper presents an initial research project to explore what characterizes knowledge production in craft practice situated in an informal/neutral learning arena outside the education institution. The research project is carried out by craft and design researchers from Norway and Denmark. The project participants include students, academics, older generation volunteers with craft experience, freelance designers, and arts and craft persons, as well as researchers. The overall methodology is a case study approach and has references to practice-led research, participatory design research and A/R/Tography. In this paper we present the research design of the project. Along a theoretical framework consisting of research perspectives of each of our institutional traditions, we lastly discuss the challenges in engaging a neutral learning arena, throughout and as preparation for our research project.


Monetary transmission mechanism as define by Taylor (1995) as a process through which monetary policy decisions are transmitted into changes in income and inflation. Monetary transmission mechanism works through various channels namely interest rate channel, credit channel, exchange rate channel, asset price channel and expectation channel. A review of the related literature supported that the credit channel to be a more significant monetary transmission channel than the interest rate channel in foreign countries like China, Korea and United States. This project paper investigates the interest rate and credit channels in the monetary transmission mechanism in Malaysia over the period of January 1996 to June 2012 by employing a Vector autoregressive (VAR) approach. It planned to meet two major objectives. Firstly, is to examine the significance influence of overnight policy rate (OPR) and total loans by commercial banks (TL) as channels of monetary transmission mechanism in Malaysia. Secondly, to identify the direction of causality between the variables used in this study which are overnight policy rate, total loans by commercial banks, lending rate and consumer price index. The results show that, overnight policy rate, lending rate, total loans by commercial banks and consumer price index are cointegrated. This study finds conclusive evidence that both channels are important in the monetary transmission mechanism in Malaysia.


The paper is devoted to one of the practical approaches to manage complex projects. A case study of complex project management is described. This concerns transforming a Russian IT-company into an enterprise system and system of systems (ES/SoS) at the same time. Main elements of the transformation - the goal, solution, structure, and relations among constituents of ES/SoS, ES/SoS engineering process, and results - are represent- ed. The analysis of the project -environment, constraints, risks, opportunities, and uncertainty - is considered. It is found that it is exactly uncertainty that causes grave problems in complex project management and that is responsible for the main challenges facing the governing body. An "agile stylized approach" to complex pro- ject management which was successfully used in the case study is described. The applicability of this approach to manage other complex projects and further research prospects are discussed.


Puerperal psychosis (PP) is the most severe form of postnatal psychiatric illness (Heron et al 2008). The purpose of this essay is to explore PP in relation to sexual abuse focusing on a case study from practice. The essay will critically analyse the evidence base for the provision of care. Specific


The results of the design and examination of the low-voltage 4H-SİC drift step recovery diode (DSRD) are presented. The study was carried out by simulation in Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD in two-dimensional approach. It is shown that for a low-voltage DSRD an optimization of the doping profile in base region and p+-emitter thickening is essential. For the first time the possibility of a low-voltage 4H-SiC DSRD subnanosecond switching is demonstrated by shaping an impulse of 60 V amplitude with 20 ps rise time on a 50Ω load.


Abstract The objective of this study was to understand the influence of bleaching on % residual lignin, water retention value, brightness and morphological properties of Subabul heartwood and sapwood pulps. The second aim was to compare the properties of unbleached and bleached handsheets with respect to tensile index and fractography. Screened wood chips of Subabul were subjected to kraft cooking (165 °C, 3 hours) followed by ECF bleaching and refining. When unbleached handsheets were compared, higher tensile index was found for sapwood sheets (29.8 N.m/g) than heartwood sheets (12.8 N.m/g). Therefore, it is recommended to use unbleached sapwood sheets for packaging grade applications. The bleached pulps have exhibited negligible residual lignin (0.1 %), higher water retention value (∼21) and higher brightness (88 %) compared to unbleached pulps. Subsequently, the bleached heartwood sheets revealed higher tensile index (∼7 fold) and higher modulus of elasticity (∼2.7 fold) compared to unbleached heartwood sheets. For printing grade applications bleached sapwood and bleached heartwood pulps are equally recommended, because no differences were observed in their pulp and sheet characteristics.


In the paper find of double periodic solutions of one elliptic systems of higher order with the constant coefficient with the help elliptic functions.


Considering that the learning of a concept occurs during the school process, due to the different mathematical situations experienced by the subjects, and that, when it comes to the conecpt of related function, the student's constitution of his basic ideas (variable, correspondence, dependecy, regularity and generalization) must be provided from the Initial Years, and developed during scholing, we report in this text an investigation with the objective of identifying if and how these basic ideas are mobilized by Brazilian students of the final years of Elementary Education and from highschool.  In this context, we analyzed the strategies for solving three tasks related to each other, being a task of the Multiplicative Conceptual Fiedl, solved by the six subjects of Elementary School, and two tasks involving mixed problems, one applied to the twelve participants of the investigation and the other only to the six high school students. The results point mainly difficulties with generalization.


Based on analysis of the probability for isothermal superplastic solid phase welding of same base metals of structural steel (40Cr),different base metals of structural steel (40Cr) to tool steels(T10A,Cr15).the structure ultrafining treatment of the welded surface of structural steel and tool steels can be made through high frequency induction surface quenching. Effect of the processing parameter for isothermal superplastic solid phase welding to the quality of welding joint have been examined under non vacuum and non shield gas. The experimental results indicates:if having a suitable welding processing parameter of isothermal superplastic solid phase welding, it can be finish between same base metals and different base metals in short time ,which the tensile strength of welding joint can be as high as or close to that of 40Cr base metal.


The usefulness of an optical regenerator using electroabsorption (EA) modulators was confirmed at 10 Gbit/s for an optical ring inter-working application. The regeneration performance in a dual ring configuration was experimentally evaluated by using two recirculating loops.


LET US remember that when Clenard began to teach at Louvain, in 1518, printing had only been introduced for about half a century. In 1474, John of Westphalia produced the first Louvainprinted book. An English scholar, the Rev. Henry Anstey, writing of the University of Oxford in the first half of the fifteenth century, i.e. just before the introduction of printing, says: ' It is not easy for us to conceive what the difficulty must have been in acquiring and teaching the Latin language without books ; and that literally was the problem that had to be solved. . . . The instruction was wholly oral. Without dictionaries or grammars, and in their Halls and Inns, crowded together as they certainly were without privacy or necessary quiet for preparation, it is difficult to conceive what must have been the discomfort, or worse, of the poor scholar in the long dark evenings of the autumn and winter terms, and what the labour of instruction during the hours of daylight. And it will be remembered that the Latin to be acquired was never considered at this time as an exercise of scholarship, a means to a cultured style, a classical education, but as a language, first for current use in disputations, chiefly


A small-size re-configurable monopole antenna for laptop computers with a compact area is proposed. It consists of a monopole antenna with a T-shaped feed strip and a SP4T RF switch used for re-configuring the antenna to realize 780-1120MHz, 1630-2880MHz and 3130-6000MHz band covering GSM850/ 900, DCS1800, PCS1900, LTE33/34/35/36/37/38/39/40/41/ 42/43 and 46 bands. The antenna is 70mm × 10mm located at the top left corner of a 300mm × 200mm FR4($\boldsymbol{\varepsilon \mathrm{r}=4.4}$ and loss tangent=0.02) substrate of thickness 2mm. By changing the states of the RF switch from state 01 to state 02, the antenna covers the low bands as well as the high bands. The antenna has good radiation efficiency and gain for all the bands of interest.


Objective: To study the effects of Tamarindus indica L. aqueous fruit extract on the antinociceptive activities in rodent models. Methods: The analgesic effect was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate and formalin tests. Results: The extract (60–600 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the writhing test in a dose-dependent manner with the percentage of analgesia recorded between 51.8 and 74.1%. In addition, the extract also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the latency time in the hot plate test in a dose-dependent manner. Further study showed that the extract elicited inhibitory activity in both the early and late phases of the formalin test. Moreover, pretreatment with 5 mg/kg naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist, significantly (p < 0.05) modified the antinociceptive effect of the extract in all tests. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of T. indica possesses potential antinociceptive activity at both the peripheral and central levels, which are mediated via activation of the opioidergic mechanism.


To express the recombined gene of tick anticoagulant peptide and RGDS peptide in yeast Pichia pastoris.The reconstructed expression plasmids pPIC9K/TAP of tick anticoagulant peptide and RGDS peptide gene were linearized by the digestion of restriction enzyme SalⅠ,and transformed into the susceptible yeast Pichia pastoris GSl15 cell by using electroporation transformation method.The reconstructed yeast engineering yeast strains GS 115/pPIC9K-TAP were identified by MD and MM and G418 plate selecting and PCR.Meanwhile the induced protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE,and was determinded by blood clotting experiment and the platelet aggregation test.It was demonstrated that the recombined gene of tick anticoagulant peptide and RGDS peptide was expressed exactly.The expressed product possessed anticoagulant activity.It is evident that the recombined gene of tick anticoagulant peptide and RGDS peptide can be expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris,and the product is active in the test of blood clotting experiment and the platelet aggregation test.


BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Anthropogenic Change and Primate Predation Risk: Crested Caracaras (Caracara plancus) Attempt Predation on Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata)


Microbiology in Dairy Processing offers a comprehensive introduction to the most current knowledge and research in dairy technologies and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and dairy associated species in the fermentation of dairy products. The text deals with the industrial processing of milk, the problems solved in the industry, and those still affecting the processes. The authors explore culture methods and species selective growth media, to grow, separate, and characterize LAB and dairy associated species, molecular methods for species identification and strains characterization, Next Generation Sequencing for genome characterization, comparative genomics, phenotyping, and current applications in dairy and non-dairy productions.


Abstract : The initial study design entailed a prospective evaluation of pregnant HIV infected women and their offspring over five years from September 1988 to September 1993. Mother-infant pairs were recruited into the study as early as possible during pregnancy with eligible pregnant women being enrolled after written informed consent was obtained. Enrolled women were followed at defined intervals during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum. Infants born to enrolled mothers were assessed for the presence or absence of HIV infection and if infected, the age at which their symptoms developed was documented. Modifications were made over the course of this study with curtailment of enrollment on March 30, 1993. This five year study showed that HIV-1 infection can adversely impact pregnancy outcome and women's health, independent of substance abuse. On the other hand, substance use was the most important factor influencing immediate neonatal outcome. Data from this study provided part of the information base to justify the development of ACTG 076. The total number of evaluable cases was 164 and the number of evaluable infants was 146. Repository specimens are providing the resources to study patterns of viral resistance in perinatal transmission.


Using pulsed photoconductivity techniques, transient action spectra have been recorded on vacuum sublimed β‐metalfree phthalocyanine thin films in the wavelength range 360♯740 nm. Quantum efficiencies for carrier generation and carrier ranges were deduced assuming (a) range limited transport and (b) wavelength and field independent quantum efficiency. Carrier generation is shown to be a bulk phenomenon and the lowest excited singlet state is the common intermediate in the carrier generation process. Two sets of measurements have been performed, 5 and 12 weeks after sample preparation. The quantum efficiency changed from 2.5×10−4 to 10−3, probably due to an increase in the amount of absorbed oxygen.


Security system is a protection has a structured cycle, meaning that it has been systemized according to its application in the environment according to its field. Security system is formed is because of threats, crimes and others. A security system is needed at certain events and in special places such as malls and airports to maintain the continuity of the event and security can be well maintained. Everyone who comes to the location must have their luggage checked to minimize the presence of sharp objects that endanger or threaten security at the location. Inspection of passenger objects at the airport is one way to protect the safety and security of airplane passengers. The procedure for checking objects carried by passengers is still carried out manually by airport security officers. The goal is to check whether you find sharp objects or illegal drugs in the passenger's bag. The results of this study are the authors know the working principle and operation of x-ray machines, as well as the number and types of x-ray machines used by Husein Sastranegara International Airport. Security system is a protection has a structured cycle, meaning that it has been systemized according to its application in the environment according to its field.Security system is formed is because of threats, crimes and others. A security system is needed at certain events and in special places such as malls and airports to maintain the continuity of the event and security can be well maintained. Everyone who comes to the location must have their luggage checked to minimize the presence of sharp objects that endanger or threaten security at the location. Inspection of passenger objects at the airport is one way to protect the safety and security of airplane passengers. The procedure for checking objects carried by passengers is still carried out manually by airport security officers. The goal is to check whether you find sharp objects or illegal drugs in the passenger's bag. The results of this study are the authors know the working principle and operation of x-ray machines, as well as the number and types of x-ray machines used by Husein Sastranegara International Airport.


A technique for flux-closure chirality control and domain wall trapping at the narrowest position in asymmetric magnetic ring is proposed. Micromagnetic simulation work was performed on permalloy asymmetric magnetic rings to observe its magnetic switching behavior. By controlling the lateral geometric features, the ring asymmetry, and the thickness of the film, a local vortex-free reversal process and well-controlled chirality of flux closure can be achieved. Furthermore, a domain wall trapping feature is also observed at the narrow arm of the asymmetric ring, which corresponds to the phenomenon that the magnetic domain wall does not annihilate until the magnetization in the wide arm reversed in a relatively large magnetic field. A phase diagram of the asymmetric ring switching behavior shows that the switching regimes (e.g., the domain wall propagation or nucleation annihilation) of the asymmetric rings and the domain wall pinning depend mainly on the film thickness.


University timetabling system is a part of a timetabling problem that aims to produce course timetable that meets student needs such as the maximum number of subjects that can be offered, the maximum number of elective subjects that can be offered and the number of subject students can take. In every semester, the timetabling process in UTMSPACE is done manually where there are likely to be a small number of students who will have problems because the subject to be taken is not in the subjects offering list. Additionally, the number of subjects offered is also not optimal and this will result in a loss on UTMSPACE because each subject is offered at a cost. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the Heuristic-based approach is used to overcome the problems mentioned and speed up the process to generate timetable. Heuristic engines have been developed using PHP language programming. This approach has been successfully tested and implemented using real-time scheduling data at UTMSPACE for Software Engineering course. The results show that Heuristics has successfully solved the problem of producing a timetable without affecting students who want to enroll the subject offered.


We introduce and discuss 381 previously unrecorded sanction cases among which 75 emerged during 2016-2019, a period that coincides with the Trump presidency. These newly considered cases are included in the updated Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB) of Felbermayr et al. (2020), thus raising the total of sanction cases recorded there to 1101. Our descriptive analysis reveals that a number of sanctions were lifted in 2016. However, in 2017 we witnessed a substantial increase in the deployment of new – primarily 'smart' (i.e., financial and travel) – sanctions of which more than half were imposed by the United States. Moreover, we observed a significant rise in the number of sanctions aiming to 'change' the policies of sanctioned states and to fight 'terrorism'. Almost all sanctions initiated by the Trump administration are still in place, so assessment of their success remains open. JEL Classification Codes: F1, F13, F14, F5, F51, H5, N4.


In this paper,the germplasm resource distribution of Chimonanthus praecox was briefly reviewed.The extant main cultivar classification systems were presented.Finally,suggestions were put forward on the focal points of cultivar classification systems in the future research.


This paper deals with various configurations of meander inductor and their influence on characteristics of passive LC displacement sensor. Passive techniques use LC resonator to measure the parameters of interest remotely without an on-board power supply. Developed LC sensor comprises a fixed meander inductor and a movable module of mender inductor - interdigital capacitor resonant circuit, thereby causing the sensor resonant frequency to be displacement - dependent. The inductor and sensor circuits have been fabricated in PCB technology. The main goal was to find the optimal position for measurement connection pads on fixed meander inductor PCB as well as position of connection line between mender inductor and interdigital capacitor on PCB board with LC circuit. Measurements were realized on Impedance Analyzer (HP4191A) in frequency range from 10 MHz to 30 MHz, with 100 kHz step for each configuration of meander inductor. As results of these measurements the best configuration and the best sensor sensitivity for both mender inductors was determined.


The decline of crude palm oil commodity prices and world demand in 2014 to 2016 lead to decline the capability of plantation companies performance. This is apparent from the declining sales capacity, increase of operating expenses, and inventory expenses and the impact is declining financial performance such as net profit. If this is allowed continuously then the consequences are the plantation sub sector companies possibly can get into the financial distress condition. This research aims to predict the level of financial distress condition and to know the relationship significance using Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Current ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), Current Liabilities to Assets Ratio (CLAR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER). The research population was plantation sub sector companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Researcher using purposive sampling in order to obtain a sample of 10 companies. This research uses secondary data from annual financial report of plantation sub sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Data were tested using logistic regression to explain the influence between these variables. The results of this research indicate that the Return On Equity (ROE), Current ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) did not significantly influence financial distress while Return On Asset (ROA), Current Liabilities to Assets Ratio (CLAR) significantly influence financial distress.

Keywords: Return On Asset (ROA), Return On Equity (ROE), Current ratio (CR), Debt to Asset Ratio (DAR), Current Liabilities to Assets Ratio (CLAR) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and financial distress.


Background Objectives We have analysed the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), Rheumatoid Factor (RF), anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies in patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome (PSS) and different grades of minor salivary gland biopsies. Methods 120 patients with PSS were included. All patients fulfilled > = 4 criteria and had a lip biopsy. We analysed the prevalence of ANA, RF, Anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies with regard to different grades of minor salivary gland biopsies. All biopsies were evaluated and classified according to Chisholm-Mason system by the same pathologist. Chi-square and Fisher tests were used; sensitivity and specificity for a positive biopsy (grades III and IV) were calculated. Results No significative differences were detected between patients with grade II and III biopsies. Significative differences between grade III and IV were achieved for ANA (p = 0,02) and RF (p = 0,001).Abstract FRI0219 Table 1 ANA RF Anti-Ro/SSA Anti-La/SSB Grade I (n = 5) 40% 60% 0% 0% Grade II (n = 12) 50% 41,7% 11,1% 0% Grade III (n = 58) 59,6% 33,9% 14,7% 8,8% Grade IV (n = 45) 80% 65,9% 28,9% 15,8% Sensitivity for a positive biopsy 47,5% 67,9% 22,2% 12,5% Specificity for a positive biopsy 41,9% 43,3% 81,8% 86,3% Conclusion In our PSS patients, auto-antibodies´ profile did not differ between patients with different grades of infiltration in lip biopsy.


Diarrhea emerges as the developing countries major cause of mortality and morbidity in children under five years especially in Indonesia. Malnutrition and infection well-known have directionally related. Malnutrition was able to be predisposing factor of infection especially enteric infection. Malnourished children had increased risk to have a worse or longer diarrheal duration more than normal children of nutritional status. This study aimed to describe correlation between nutritional status and diarrheal duration in children under five years of age in the Pediaetric Unit of Arifin Achmad General Hospital of Riau Province. This study was found 30 hospitalized childrens under five years with acute diarrhea whom 53,3% were 0-12 years old, 53,3% were males, 80,0% had normal Z-score, 86,7% with mild dehydration, 93,3% length of stay < 5 days and 53,3% diarrheal duration 4-7 days. Sommer's d test had shown r = 0,044 and p value = 0,772. There was no significant association between nutritional status and diarrheal duration in hospitalized children under five years of age with acute diarrhea in Arifin Achmad General hospital of Riau Province


Compared to the nursing and medical professions, simulation-based pharmacy education is a relatively new mode of supporting learning, although one that is growing rapidly to meet the training needs of a new generation of healthcare professionals. Within the UK (and particularly Scotland), access to the clinical environment through the more traditional route of placement is limited, and simulation offers a partial solution to this problem. As is well-established, simulation—if used appropriately—also offers excellent opportunities for enhancing patient safety, including allowing the exploration of the science of human factors. Given the high incidence of medication errors, pharmacists need to be included in any intervention for improvement of patient safety. It is true, however, that the "clinical environment" experienced by the practising pharmacist (especially in community pharmacy) is different from the typical nursing or medical situation. This, combined with a lack of understanding of the role of the pharmacist as a member of the wider healthcare team, means that there are additional considerations required when designing simulation-based learning activities. This commentary undertakes a narrative review of the current situation for pharmacy simulation, and considers how this may be developed to support the Scottish healthcare vision, whilst recognising that the issues raised are likely to be relevant across the sector.


Considering that the traditional change detection algorithms only focus on extracting the change area but ignore the change content identification, a novel change detection framework for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is proposed. The framework integrates the merits of unsupervised and supervised learning to detect changes in semantic level. First, the residual convolutional auto-encoder (RCAE) is designed to convert SAR image slices to the histogram representation. Then, we calculate the difference vectors and extract the change area by their norms. Finally, we classify the difference vectors of change region and identify the content of change. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves significantly performance improvement over existing algorithms.


Modern firms leverage on big, unstructured data, in particular texts, for originating loans, predicting asset returns, improving customer service, etc. Moreover, interpretable textual information sheds light on key economic mechanisms and explanatory variables. We therefore develop a general framework for analyzing large-scale textbased data, combining the strengths of neural network language models such as word embedding and generative statistical modeling such as topic modeling. Our data-driven approach captures complex linguistic structures while ensuring computational scalability and economic interpretability. We also demonstrate potential applications of our methodology to issues in finance and economics, such as forecasting asset returns or macroeconomic outcomes, interpreting existing models, and creating new domain knowledge to expand the frontier of analysis. JEL Classification: C55, C80, G10


AbstractSeismic response records were retrieved from the monitored 21-story (53.26-m-tall) typical Puerto Rican reinforced-concrete shear-wall dominated El Castillo Building in Mayaguez, 50 km from...


While image segmentation is a fundamental and general task of image processing and computer vision, the segmentation of trunks in wood can be considered as a specific, ill posed, and hard problem. However, besides the lots of possible applications of it, the problems to be faced are general and can be found in other areas of open-air image analysis. In our paper we discuss these problems and propose a color clustering based approach as a feature generation step for the segmentation of trunks. The results of classification can be used as features for further segmentation techniques such as MRF. The possibility to apply for angle count based volume estimation is also discussed. The performance is shown through several tests with different types of wood.


The rapid collapse of communism bas led to the slow development of democratic institutions and practices in Eastern and Central Europe (see Hibbing and Patterson 1994). Parliaments are at the heart of the transformation process in the new postcommunist democracies as both participant and object. Not only are they the product of the democratic transformation but they are active participants in the transitional process itself. Their dual status in the democratization events of Central Europe is nowhere better illustrated than in the case of the newly created Senate of the Polish Parliament.


Graph structure of quantum spin networks plays an essential role in applying quantum annealing (QA). The Ising model is the typical choice to describe the interactions between the spins in the networks. Here, we explore the interplay of different interaction types between the spins and the structure of the underlying network on the performance of QA. Specifically, we consider the Heisenberg XY and antisymmetric anisotropic exchange interaction models, in addition to the usual Ising Model, in graph structures ranging from linear chains to complete graphs with different connectivities. We find that the QA performance of the Ising model shows less variation with the change of graph structure among different interaction types. The Heisenberg XY model suffers from significant performance losses with increasing connections beyond linear chains, which we attribute to increasing entropy built-up. Anisotropic exchange interactions turn out to be an impractical choice for complete graphs due to the diminishing energy gap during annealing. Furthermore, we investigate the effect of inhomogeneous couplings and reveal a trade-off between coupling strength and performance, especially significant for the case of the anisotropic exchange model.


Since the first AIDS case was detected in China in 1985, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has gradually spread and the number of HIV infectors among females in this country have been increasing year after year, and as a result the HIV epidemic has produced significant impact on women 's health. This paper aims to elaborate in depth problems and weakness faced by AID prevention and control among females by analyzing HIV epidemic states among them and the reason why women are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, and to make suggestions on strengthening effective interventions and public education according to their physiological and psychological features. It would be essential to extensively conduct legalilty education and skill training and assistance among women and explore innovative interventions to change men's sex conception and behaviors, so as to eventually reduce the risk to HIV/AIDS among females.


Time series data streams are common due to the increasing usage of wireless sensor networks. Such data are often accompanied with uncertainty due to the limitations of data collection equipment. Outlier detection on uncertain static data is a challenging research problem in data mining. Moreover, the continuous arrival of data makes it more challenging. Hence, in this paper, the problem of outlier detection on uncertain time series data streams is studied. In particular, we propose a continuous distance-based outlier detection approach on a set of uncertain objects' states that are originated synchronously from a group of data sources (e.g., sensors in WSN). A set of objects' states at a timestamp is called a state set. Generally, the duration between two consecutive timestamps is very short and the state of all the objects may not change much in this duration. Therefore, we propose an incremental approach of outlier detection, which makes use of the results obtained from the previous state set to efficiently detect outliers in the current state set. In addition, an approximate incremental outlier detection approach is proposed to further reduce the cost of incremental outlier detection. Finally, an extensive empirical study on synthetic and real datasets is presented, which shows the efficiency of the proposed approaches.


The occurrence of elevated residue levels of various xenobiotics with increasing trophic level has been demonstrated in a variety of aquatic environments. This phenomenon is often cited as evidence offood chain biomagnification. However, studies of the bioconcentration of these chemicals (accumulation directly from the aqueous environment) with representatives of various trophic levels demonstrate that increased bioconcentration occurs with increasing trophic level. These species differences in bioconcentration can be misconstrued as biomagnification. Trophic-level differences in bioconcentration are due largely to increased lipid content and decreased chemical elimination efficiency of organisms occupying increasing trophic levels


The purpose of the study was to investigate challenges faced by teachers in teaching multi-grade classes. The study focused on challenges emanating from time tabling of lessons, scheming, lesson planning, lesson delivery and records management in multi-grade classes. The study used the mixed methodology and the descriptive survey design. Ten school heads and thirty teachers were purposively selected. Data was collected through document analysis, structured questionnaires, face-to-face interviews and observations of the actual teaching of composite classes. Data was analysed based on themes that emerged from the responses and research questions. The study revealed that teachers are allocated to multi-grade classes where they are expected to scheme, plan, teach and manage records separately for each grade in the multi-grade class resulting in overstretching of the teacher's potentials. Multi-grade schools were found to be characterised by shortage of physical infrastructure, poor financial resource base and geographically spaced families such that teachers experience numerous challenges affecting their performance and ultimately the performance of the learner and the school. The other challenges observed were limited learning time for learners and work overloads on teachers. The study recommended for a review of the schools grading policy so that multi-grade schools are categorised as special learning zones with a special revolving fund towards financing teaching and learning processes.


When a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) decides to invest in an innovative project, it becomes attached to a high level of uncertainty (Hall & Lerner, 2009) and it could meet some financial constraints (Kerr & Nanda, 2014). This work is trying to apprehend the specific financial problems which SMEs, working on innovative projects, might face in a context characterized by a lack of liquidity, and it aims to improve the understanding of previous theoretical and empirical studies that dealt with the subject of financing these innovative companies. Moreover, it appears that it is important to ask the following question: Are there specific financial constraints to innovative SMEs? In order to answer the preceding question, this paper presents firstly the concept of innovation within companies. Secondly, it describes the specificities bound to the diverse financing approaches: in terms of risk, uncertainty, asymmetric information and profitability of an innovative project, while developing a theoretical approach concerning the possible constraints of financing the innovative companies.


The presence of redundant actuators in dynamic systems increases system efficiency and capability. An example of this increased capability is avoidance of actuator saturation at critical moments. Defining a system maximum efficiency function, this paper transforms the problem of avoiding actuator saturation into an optimization problem with the capability of on-line solution. The paper also presents and evaluates the solution of optimization problems with inequality constraints. Finally, the performance of the proposed system is examined through simulation.


6082 Background: AcSé Pembrolizumab is a Phase II, non-randomized parallel arm, open-label, multicentric study from Unicancer investigating the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab monotherapy in different cohorts of patients with rare cancers (NCT03012620). Here we report the first results of pembrolizumab in the radioactive iodine refractory thyroid cancer cohort. Methods: Main inclusion criteria were progressive radioactive iodine refractory (RAIR) thyroid cancer (TC) resistant to standard treatment, age > 18, ECOG PS≤1. Patients received pembrolizumab 200 mg IV as a 30-minute infusion on Day 1 of every 21-day cycle for a maximum of 2 years. The primary endpoint was the confirmed objective response (OR) rate according to RECIST v1.1 by investigator. Secondary endpoints included duration of response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Results: 43 patients (21 female, mean age 64.8 years; range 40-86) with TC (27 patients with differentiated TC (DTC) [papillary: 7; follicular: 14: oncocytic: 5 poorly differentiated: 1] and 16 patients with anaplastic TC (ATC)) were included from September 2017 to December 2020. The median number of previous systemic treatment lines was 2 (range, 0-7) in DTC and 2.5 (range, 1-4) in ATC. The median number of pembrolizumab cycles was 4 (range, 1-35). The median follow-up was 5.9 months (range: 22 days-22.9 months) for DTC and 2.7 months (range: 3 days- 24.4 months) for anaplastic TC. For DTC the best tumor response was partial response (PR) in 3 (11.1%) patients and stable disease (SD) in 5 (18.5%). Median duration of response was 2.5 months (range: 5 days-7.2 months). The median PFS was 2.6 months, the 6-month PFS was 16.9 %. The median OS was 12.7 months with a 6-month OS of 73.3%. For ATC the best tumor response was PR in 3 cases (18.8 %) and SD in 1 case (6.2 %). Median duration of response was 1.6 months (range: 2 days-7.2 months). The median PFS was 2.3 months, the 6-month PFS was 33.8 %. The median OS was 3.6 months with a 6-month OS of 32.9%. Treatment emergent adverse event included 9 Grade 1-2, 20 Grade 3 (3 being considered as related and 17 as not related) and 1 Grade 4 (sepsis, unrelated). Overall, the toxicity profile was similar to that observed in other cancers. Conclusions: The response rates observed under pembrolizumab is low in DTC and not negligible in ATC, but with a short duration of response. Clinical trial information: NCT03012620.


Background: The study was conducted to assess the ayurvedic intervention Virechana - therapeutic purgation and Rasayana - rejuvenation on predisposed familial breast cancer expression profiling of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Materials and Methods: The total RNA was extracted from blood of five subjects of familial breast cancer predisposition patients using PAX Gene Blood RNA Kit who had undergone the ayurvedic intervention Virechana - therapeutic purgation and Rasayana - rejuvenation therapy. BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The qPCR-based BRCA1 gene expression results were analyzed for fold variation based on Ct values using the following formula: 2 (−ΔΔCt), where ΔCt is the Ct (GOI) − avg.(Ct (HKG)), GOI is the gene of interest, and HKG is the housekeeping gene. Results: In one subject (S1), the upregulation (61.82) showed further increase (843.36) by therapeutic purgation and then decreased below the baseline level (11.3) in the rejuvenation phase. In three subjects (S2, S3, and S5), the upregulated genes (1488.87, 15825.9, and 19.16) showed down trend continuously till rejuvenation phase (1.92, 4.17, and 3.97) but not to downregulation. Another subject (S4) showed reversal of genetic expression, i.e., downregulated gene (−1) showed upregulation (237,900.70) continuously throughout the therapy, which is in conformity of the proposed hypothesis, i.e., biopurification (therapeutic purgation) followed by rejuvenation leads to upregulation of gene. Conclusion: With the available limited and diversified data, it may be concluded that therapeutic purgation followed by rejuvenation (Narasimha Rasayana) therapy exerted effect on gene expression, but further study needs to be conducted with more number of samples.


Reports an empirical method for calculating the frequency of BX transition of iodine molecule and the frequency separations of hyperfine split of the spectra from quantum theory.The frequency,wavelength and relative intensity of spectra near 532 nm were calculated which contain R(56) 320 recommended as the reference spectra for length definition by CCDM(now CCL) and 6 new spectra observed with iodinestabilized Nd:YVO4 laser.Several spectra of excitedstate transition near 532 nm were predicted since they have relative strong intensity from the calculating.The vibrotational band of each transition of spectra was assigned too.The frequency separations of hyperfine split of three observed spectra were calculated.All calculation values match the experimental results very well.


The surface morphology, film quality, interface structure, growth rate and adhesion of diamond films prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition on commercial steel substrates with and without ion beam nitriding pretreatment were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning Auger spectroscopy, a Vickers microindenter, and microRaman spectroscopy. Apart from quite different surface morphologies, both the quality and growth rate of diamond films deposited on the ion beam nitrided steel substrates were higher than those on the unnitrided steel substrates. Similar diamond/steel interface structure were observed on both the nitrided and unnitrided steel. Diamond films were grown on steel substrates via carbide interlayers formed in situ during the diamond deposition rather than via a graphitic soot interlayer. Ion beam nitriding appeared to enhance the diamond growth through thickening of the carbide interlayer. The adhesion of diamond films on the nitrided steel was tested ...


Digital image analysis was used to develop a pattern recognition algorithm to classify individual kernels of seven Chinese spring wheat cultivars grown at 4 locations. Totally, 20 morphological parameters and 12 color parameters were extracted. Three hundred kernels per sample were used as the training data set to develop identification model, and another 200 kernels were used as the test set. For the test set, the classification accuracy of wheat cultivars was 100% in each growing location. Except for Xinkehan 9 with 98.3%, the correct discrimination of the training set of collective samples is 100% for wheat cultivar. For the test set, the correct discrimination of Longmai 26 and Qingchun 566 were 97.5% and 95.0%, the others is 100%. For the origin of wheat grains, the classification of Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Heilongjiang were 88.6%, 92.9%, 72.9% and 95.7%, respectively. The results show that it is feasible to identify and classify wheat cultivar (grains) using digital image analysis.


Introduction OSNR Definition and problems with multibaud rate signals OSNR vs SNR Definition OSNR Scaling for Different Baud Rates How do we determine the SNR of a system Link SNR and GOSNR Adding the noise contributions BER and Q GOSNR Measurement – One Technique Back to Back Noise Loading GOSNR Measurement – One Technique Power Hunt RSNR Spectral Efficiency The Relationship between RSNR and Spectral Efficiency Shannon Capacity and the Relationship between SNR and SE The Problem with Q What we want is SNR reported at the receiver MER and EVM Probability Primer Mutual Information Discrete Variables Mutual Information of Discrete Variables and Entropy Mutual Information of Discrete Variables and Entropy An Example: Binary Symmetric Channel Mutual Information of Discrete Variables and Entropy An Example: Binary Symmetric Channel Mutual Information Continuous and Hybrid Variables. GMI: A Graphical Representation GMI and NGMI Conclusion


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI for meniscal bucket-hanle tears. Methods 21patients with bucket-handle tears and 11 patients without bucket-handle tears were put under MRI examinations with the dedicated MRI system(Artoscan 0.2T ESAOTE) and confirmed by arthroscopy.Each was accessed for the presence of (1) the double-anterior sign,(2)the double posterior cruciate ligament sign,(3)the fragment within the intercondylar notch sign and (4)the absent bow tie sign.Results Of 33 cases, the double-anterior sign were seen in 10 cases, the double posterior cruciate ligament sign were seen in 5 cases,the fragment within the intercondylar notch sign were seen in 20 cases and the absent bow tie sign were seen in 25 cases. Conclusion MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis of meniscal bucket-handle tears.The sensitivity and specificity of medial meniscal bucket-handle tears are higher than that of lateral meniscus. The fragment within the intercondylar notch sign is the most valuable sign in diagnosing meniscal bucket-handle tears.