Myopia is one of the most common eye abnormalities worldwide. Form deprivation or lenses can induce experimental myopia. Melatonin, an important neuroendocrine hormone of the eye and a myopic-related factor, may have an important influence on the development of myopia. This paper elaborates on the relationship between melatonin and form deprivation myopia by focusing on the distribution and synthetic factors of melatonin in the eye, the relationship between melatonin and eye growth rhythm, and the relationship between melatonin and dopamine.

Key words:
melatonin; form deprivation myopia; dopamine


Existing large-signal control schemes for DC/DC converters formulate control strategies based primarily on nonlinear control theory, and the associated design and implementation are relatively complex. In this work, a decomposition modeling and inverse-system decoupling control method is proposed for DC/DC converters that operate under large-signal disturbances. First, a large-signal circuit-averaged model for DC/DC converters is established. The proposed control system has a double closed-loop control structure composed of a voltage loop and a current loop. Then, the voltage-loop and current-loop controlled subsystems are decoupled and compensated to first-order integral elements using the inverse system method. Several linear feedback controllers are designed for first-order integral systems under various optimization criteria using the optimal control theory. Simulation and experiment were performed on buck–boost converters with resistive and constant power loads. The results show that under the control of the proposed controller, all systems exhibited excellent dynamic and steady-state performance. The proposed method allows the disturbance control of the DC/DC converter, the dynamic behavior control of the voltage loop, and the current loop to become independent processes. The local controller design follows the classical linear control design method and is a simple and effective large-signal control strategy.


The purpose of this study was to identify current trends for adolescents in acute care psychiatric hospitalization with respect to ethnicity, insurance coverage, and length of stay. Data were collected on 89 adolescents admitted to acute care psychiatric hospitalization. Contrary to previous research, adolescent clients with Medicaid, as opposed to private insurance, had longer lengths of stay and minority youths stayed significantly longer in the hospital than did white youths. No relationship was found between either clients' diagnosis or payment source and clients' length of stay. Implications related to the role of managed care and multicultural issues in counseling are discussed.


DEFINITION The article consists of the dried fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis: Fr.) P. Karst. (Family Ganodermataceae) reduced to a powder or very fine powder. It contains NLT 0.3% of triterpene acid, calculated as the sum of ganoderenic acid C, ganoderic acid C2, ganoderic acid G, ganoderenic acid B, ganoderic acid B, ganoderic acid A, ganoderic acid H, ganoderenic acid D, ganoderic acid D, and ganoderic acid F on the dried basis.


The effect of salinity and hardness in raw water and regenerant by blending and adjusting on softening ability of cation exchange resin Na type 001×7 was investigated to evaluate the feasibility of seawater as regenerant. The results showed that softening and regenerability were found to be affected significantly by higher salinity,showing that seawater is not used as regenerant directly,whose mechanism was discussed.It is hoped that the study can provide reference on design and run of softening and desalting in practice.


Objective To study the prevalence of myopia and the influencing factors among primary school students in Macau so as to formulate relevant policies to prevent myopia. Methods Two thousand four hundred and ninety-two students of 14 primary schools in Macau were recruited. Students were subsequently performed visual examination and were asked to fill in questionnaires, and the data were statistically analyzed. Results The prevalence rate of myopia was 60.4%. Mild myopia was 75.9%. The myopia positive rate of girls(63.3%) was higher than boys(58.0%), the myopia positive rate of students from higher grades(69.2%) was higher than the students from lower grades(49.0%). The myopia positive rate of Chinese students(61.9%) was higher than those foreign students(43.6%). The risk factors were every hour' s reading without a 10 minutes' break and no visual examination for students annually. Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia is high among primary school students in Macau, but it is mainly mild myopia. The influencing factors are mainly external factors.


Let $G$ be a graph in which each edge is assigned one of the colours $1, 2, \ldots, m$, and let $\Gamma$ be a subgroup of $S_m$. The operation of switching at a vertex $x$ of $G$ with respect to an element $\pi$ of $\Gamma$ permutes the colours of the edges incident with $x$ according to $\pi$. We investigate the complexity of whether there exists a sequence of switches that transforms a given $m$-edge coloured graph $G$ so that it has a colour-preserving homomorphism to a fixed $m$-edge coloured graph $H$ and give a dichotomy theorem in the case that $\Gamma$ acts transitively.


By using the continuous induction method, we prove that the initial value problem of the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is globally well-posed in L(R)∩L(R) for any 3 < p < ∞. The proof is rather simple.


In this paper, we present a depth controlled far 3D objects reconstruction in integral imaging system. In order to reduce the reconstruction distance, a set of depth controlled elemental images are recorded by the integral imaging with a Plano concave lens. The preliminary experimental results can confirm the feasibility of the proposed method.


Sliding wear behaviour of combined chemically modified Sansevieria and Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (TSria/CF-E) and its multi-phase nanocomposite coupons has been carried out by Taguchi design of experiments. A Taguchi L16 orthogonal array and ANOVA were used to examine the consequence of tribo-system parameters on the tribological behaviour of hybrid TSria/CF-E composites filled with nano-CaCO3 and nano-SiC. The specific wear rate was calculated for each experiment for nano-CaCO3 and nano-SiC multi-phase composites. The normal load was found to have the highest significant influence of 42.15 % on the SWR of the nano-CaCO3 composite, whereas in case of the nano-SiC filled composites, the filler loading was found to have the highest significance of 62.34 % on the SWR. The improvement in the wear resistance was attributed to high strength, high hardness, and good dispersion of nanoSiC particles, which can enhance the interfacial bonding of nanofiller and the epoxy matrix. The lowest specific wear rate of composite was 0.06 × 10-4 mm3/N m. Examination of the worn micrographs of the confirmation experiment shown adhesive and abrasive wear as the prevailing mechanisms. © 2020 Published by Faculty of Engineering Corresponding author: B. Suresha E-mail: email@example.com Received: 24 March 2020 Revised: 30 April 2020 Accepted: 6 June 2020


In the breakthrough progress made in the latest experiment Hou et al (2022 Nature 606 507), 2D C60 polymer was exfoliated from the quasi-hexagonal bulk crystals. Bulk C60 polymer with quasi-tetragonal phase was found to easily form 1D fullerene structure with C60 molecules connected by C=C. Inspired by the experiment, we investigate the strain behaviors of 1D and 2D C60 polymers by first-principles calculations. Some physical properties of these low dimensional C60 polymers, including structural stability, elastic behavior, band alignment and carrier mobility, are predicted. Compared with fullerene C60 molecule, 1D and 2D C60 polymers are metastable. At absolute zero temperature, 1D C60 bears a uniaxial tensile strain less than 11.5%, and 2D monolayer C60 withstands a biaxial tensile strain less than 7.5%. At 300 K, ab initio molecular dynamics confirm that they can withstand the strains of 9% and 5%, respectively. Strain engineering can adjust the absolute position of the band edge. In the absence of strain, carrier mobility is predicted to be µ e = 398 and µ h = 322 cm2V−1s−1 for 1D C60 polymer, and μe,x=74/μe,y = 34 cm2V−1s−1 and μh,x=646/μh,y = 1487 cm2V−1s−1 for 2D C60 polymer. Compared with other carbon based semiconductors, these C60 polymers exhibit high effective mass, resulting in low mobility.


In peer-to-peer streaming applications such as IP television and live shows, a key problem is how to construct an overlay network to provide high-quality, almost real-time media relay in an efficient and scalable manner. Much work has focused on the construction of tree and graph network topology, often based on the inference of network characteristics such as delay and bandwidth. Less attention has been paid to improving the liveness of media delivery, and to exploiting the flexibility of applications to construct better overlay networks. We propose the NSYNC, an ongoing work on constructing low-latency overlay networks for live streaming. It aims at solving the following problems. In typical applications, peers must buffer a portion of a real-time event, e.g., for at least a few seconds, to limit the impact of adversary network conditions. Thus, it introduces both (1) delay, especially long delay for peers that are many hops away from the origin servers, and (2) partial ordering between the peers. With NSYNC, the application media players can slightly increase or decrease the speed of playing media. Thus, the peers in a network can be synchronized to achieve two effects. First, late peers can catch early peers and the origin server such that the entire peer networks improve liveness. Second, the client/server roles between a pair of neighboring peers can be reversed, allowing opportunities for constructing more efficient overlay networks. NSYNC can be used in various peer-to-peer streaming systems.


This work describes scalable coupling of two stand alone computer codes for multiscale impact analysis of composites. An asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) based microstructural code available for modeling microstructural aspects of modern armor materials is coupled with PARADYN, a parallel explicit Lagrangian finite element code. The first code enables modeling of material microstructures in simple loading situations in stand-alone form. The coupling of this code to PARADYN, which is a parallel version of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)'s serial DYNA3D, enables a micro-macro type multiscale analysis of large elastic-plastic deformation response of structures under generalized three dimensional impact conditions. Three sets of results are presented to demonstrate: 1) the verification of the AEH-PARADYN model coupling to PARADYN, 2) validation of the AEH, and 3) the scalability of the coupled model.


Patients with simple endometrial hyperplasia, not accompanied by cervical pathology, as well as at the combination of endometrial hyperplasia and cervical pathology, the level indicators of apoptosis increase which are quite much stated in the latter case. Therefore, in the examination of patients with cervical pathology and/or in the combination with endometrial hyperplasia it is necessary to determine the induction of apoptosis markers - the concentration of p53 and Bcl-2 in blood serum. The definition of these indicators can be used to predict the outcomes of hyperplastic states. Timely diagnosis and adequate monitoring of patients will prevent the development of cervical cancer and hyperplastic processes of endometria.


s:Objective To training the operation ability of medical students in our college which provided the foundation for houseman.Methods Intensifying the training of basic clinical skill and operation of medical students as well as basic theory and knowledge.Conclusion The operation ability of medical students has greatly increased.


The lowest nodes of 6-week-old Aesculus turbinata seedlings were treated with uniconazole-P, an inhibitor of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis, or a mixture of uniconazole-P and GA3 in acetone solution. To the seedling stems, an inhibitor of auxin transport (NPA) or inhibitors of auxin action (raphanusanin or MBOA) were applied in lanolin paste. The seedlings were tilted at a 45° angle and kept for 10 weeks before histological analysis. Decreases in both normal and tension wood formation followed the application of uniconazole-P. The application of GA3 together with uniconazole-P partially negated the effect of uniconazole-P alone. The application of NPA inhibited tension wood formation at, above, and below the lanolin-treated portions. The treatment of raphanusanin or MBOA also resulted in decreases in tension wood formation at the treated portions. The inhibitory effects of these chemicals applied on the upper side of tilted stems or around the entire stem were greater than on the lower side. The application of uniconazole-P in combination with raphanusanin, MBOA or NPA showed synergistic effects on the inhibition of tension wood formation. The results suggest that both auxin and GA regulate the quantitative production of tension wood fibers and are essential to tension wood formation.


The present study records Halophila baillonis and describes the specimens of the Environmental Protection Area of the Parnaiba River Delta, Piaui, semiarid coast of Brazil. In August 2014, we mapped and characterized the seagrass meadow, and georeferenced the extent of H. baillonis patches within the area. Ten ramets were collected manually for biometric measurements, and five samples were collected using a PVC corer of 10 cm in diameter, inserted at 15 cm depth, to obtain averages of shoot density and belowground/aboveground biomass ratios. Apart from H. baillonis, we recorded Halodule wrightii, Halodule sp. and Halophila decipiens, characterizing the seagrass meadow of Cajueiro da Praia as the most diverse on the Brazilian coast. Average density was between 96 and 1401 shoots m–2; total biomass ranged from 14.3 g dw m–2 to 27.1 g dw m–2; and leaf size 7.8 to 23.8 mm. In general, density, biometric and biomass values of the plants were greater than or at the upper range described in other areas, co-occurring with other seagrass species and on a variety of sediments, indicating a well-established bed. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Venture capital makes the important part of investment and financing system of science and technology.And for science and technology type business enterprise it is also an important financing instrument in the capital market.This paper analyzes the current situation and problems faced by Chongqing venture capital.In the light of experience boti at domestic and abroad,pondering on Chinese investment policy,it puts forward a series of pertinent countermeasures and suggestions.


In the collision between the flat surface of solid and of a sphere, it can be considered that a high stress will be occur, since an impact load is applied in a small local contact area. If an impact stress exceeds the yield stress of a material, the local deformation of the contact surface converts from elastic to plastic flow. Therefore, the impact load may be moderated. It is important when formulating the impact load that the effect of the local plastic deformation of the contact surface on the time history of a load due to impact is investigated. On the other hand, it is revealed by Hertz's theory that the relationship between a force and the amount of approach of both solids during impact is nonlinear. If it is postulated as being linear, there is not little what be able to apply it to analyze the dynamic impact problem. In this paper, the effect of the local displacement behavior in the contact process on the impact load is shown by the experiment of a collision between a plate of mild steel and a high hardness steel ball. The impact load is evaluated by a piezo electric plastic transducer. The limitation which the modified approach of Hertz's theory is valid, are distinguished.


Abstract Parabreviscolexniepini is a recently described caryophyllidean monozoic tapeworm from schizothoracine fish on the Tibetan Plateau. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genome of P.niepini is determined for the first time. The mitogenome is 15,034 bp in length with an A+T content of 59.6%, and consists of 12 protein-encoding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and two non-coding regions. The secondary structure of tRNAs exhibit the conventional cloverleaf structure, except for trnS1(AGN) and trnR, which lack DHU arms. The anti-codon of trnS1(AGN) in the mitogenome of P.niepini is TCT. The two major non-coding regions, 567 bp and 1428 bp in size, are located between trnL2 and cox2, trnG and cox3, respectively. The gene order of P.niepini shows a consistent pattern with other caryophyllideans. Phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenomic data indicates that P.niepini has a close evolutionary relationship with tapeworms Breviscolexorientalis and Atractolytocestushuronensis.


Introduction: Predictive biomarkers for the therapeutic outcome of induction therapy with systemic corticosteroid for active ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been established. This study aimed to investigate whether neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and/or platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) can be predictive biomarkers for the therapeutic outcomes of systemic corticosteroid therapy in UC. Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. In total, 48 patients with UC who received induction therapy with systemic corticosteroid were enrolled. Based on the achievement of clinical remission after 8 weeks of treatment, the patients were divided into the remission group (n = 28) and the nonremission group (n = 20). Clinical characteristics, NLR, and PLR at baseline between the remission and nonremission groups were compared via a univariate analysis. The independent risk factors of nonremission were identified via a multivariate analysis. Results: The baseline Mayo score, platelet count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, NLR, and PLR between the 2 groups significantly differed. The nonremission group had higher NLR and PLR than the remission group (4.70 [3.04–11.3] vs. 3.10 [1.36–16.42]; p < 0.05, and 353.6 [220.3–499.8] vs. 207.2 [174.4–243.6]; p < 0.001, respectively). A multivariate analysis revealed that a Mayo score of ≥9, CRP level of ≥1.26 mg/dL, and PLR of ≥262 (hazard ratio: 23.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–413.7, p = 0.033) were considered independent risk factors for nonremission. Conclusion: This report first identified the efficacy of NLR and PLR as candidate biomarkers for predicting the therapeutic outcomes of systemic corticosteroid therapy in UC.


Abstract Context. Mesopredators experience top down pressure from apex predators, which may lead to behavioural changes such as spatial avoidance to reduce both interference and exploitative competition. However, apex predators may also facilitate mesopredators through the provision of carrion, so mesopredators should respond flexibly to the presence of apex predators. Aims. We aimed to investigate the drivers of black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas) space use and detection in areas with and without lions (Panthera leo). We predicted that jackal detection and space use will be greater if apex predators facilitate rather than suppress them. Additionally, we predicted that in the absence of lions, the relative abundance of small ungulate species may become important drivers of space use and detection, because jackals can switch from scavenging to hunting. Comparatively, in the presence of lions, larger ungulate species will become important drivers of space use and detection as these species become accessible to jackals through scavenging. Methods. We used camera-trapping surveys, a single-species, single-season occupancy modelling approach, and the assessment of activity patterns to explore how apex predators influence the presence and probability of use of different sites in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Key results. Apex predators both positively and negatively affected the detection of jackals, indicating that these mesopredators show behavioural flexibility at the individual site level. There was high overlap between jackal activity patterns in the presence and absence of lions; however, at one site with lions, jackal activity did not peak at night as observed at other sites. Conclusions. Our results indicate that jackals demonstrate behavioural flexibility in the presence and absence of apex predators. Importantly, our results show that apex predators can both facilitate and suppress mesopredators, and that their behavioural responses are dependent on site-specific factors. Implications. Our findings highlight that sympatric predator behaviours should be based on site-specific behaviours instead of the general patterns observed in more temperate systems.


A new book explores how Earth science knowledge addresses critical global challenges including sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, and climate change.


Ce 4 f derived states at the Fermi level ( EF) of the isostructural single crystals CeRhAs, CeRhSb, and CePtSn were observed directly by means of high-resolution (DE518‐20 meV), low-temperature ~10‐12 K! photoemission spectroscopy with a photon energy of hn5126 eV. The Ce 4f spectrum for the Kondo semiconductor CeRhAs exhibited no peak structure near EF , and its spectral intensity decreases monotonically above the binding energy ;90 meV, thereby forming a large gap structure. The spectrum of the semimetal CeRhSb is enhanced above ;120 meV, but decreases steeply above ;13 meV, which indicates the existence of a narrow pseudogap at EF . A clear crystal field excitation at ;27 meV, and a weak Kondo resonance at EF , were found in the metal CePtSn.


Efficient continuous-wave four-wave mixing by using three different fundamental wavelengths with individual detunings to resonances of the nonlinear medium is shown. Up to 6 μW of vacuum ultraviolet light at 121 nm can be generated, which corresponds to an increase of three orders of magnitude in efficiency. This opens the field of quantum information processing by Rydberg entanglement of trapped ions.


In this study plasma and hair zinc levels were determined in 33 patients with chronic cor pulmonale and 11 healthy controls. Plasma and hair zinc levels in patients were significantly lower than the control (p < 0.001). Zinc absorption was examined by oral plasma zinc tolerance test comparing the results to the healthy control group. The increases in plasma zinc were significantly lower in the patients than the control group (p < 0.001). In addition to this, we have seen increase in urinary excretion of zinc. We can conclude that chronic cor pulmonale is frequently associated with zinc deficiency. The cause of zinc deficiency is due to both decreased absorption in the edematus intestine and increased excretion from kidney.


Market orientation is the direction for China's economic reform,and economic regulation by the government aims at offsetting market failure instead of carrying out planned economy.The assumption of selfishness does not advocate selfishness,but basing the design of institutional arrangements for the market economy on the assumption can precisely restrain or lessen the harm to the society and economy brought by selfish action.Efficiency and equity are not issues on the same level: efficiency is the basis of equity,and is not to blame for inequity.The key for the government is not designing equity but eliminating inequity,which is a progressive process and cannot be done at one go.


The era of IoT in which all objects are intelligent and are connected to the Internet has been started. In order to establish and activate an IoT eco system, open services platform is very important. In this paper, we developed a BLE sensor module as a component of the open service platform based on the IoT and the open source hardware Blutooth4.0. To verify the functionality and performance of the developed BLE sensor module was built to evaluate the performance of the test environment.


The traditional theory of tax evasion stresses the importance of deterrence for individual tax compliance. The higher expected punishment as the product of fines and the probability of detection, the lower tax evasion is hypothesized. Empirical evidence on this relation is in general scarce, particularly when it comes to field data, and there is not much evidence outside the U.S. Still, deterrence measures appear to be the most favored policy instruments in almost all OECD countries. In this paper, deterrence measures in Germany are considered as explanations for the size of the German shadow economy or tax evasion. Based on an overview of the legal environment of tax evasion, the recent deterrence policy of the federal government is discussed and a first econometric analysis on the impact of deterrence on the size of the German shadow economy is conducted using Granger causality tests and OLS regressions.


PPP investments have been in practice in Vietnam for more than 20 years, yet, many shortcomings and constraints have been revealed. This paper analyzes applicable legal regulations on Public-private partnership contracts of investment in Vietnam, and demonstrates barriers encountered by parties, particularly private sector, including discrepancies and non-coherence among legal documents resulting in losses, wastes of resources; absence of standard agreements/ contracts making negotiations and contract signing hard to conclude; insufficient clarity in provisions about concessioning, and responsibilities, among others. The analysis, hence, suggests how to deal with the situation by amendments, supplements to provisions on the agreements between public and private partners.


We examine the hypothesis that the slowdown in productivity following the Great Recession was in significant part an endogenous response to the contraction in demand that induced the downturn. We motivate, develop, and estimate a model with an endogenous TFP mechanism that allows for costly development and adoption of technologies. Our main finding is that a significant fraction of the post-Great Recession fall in productivity was an endogenous phenomenon, suggesting that demand factors played an important role in the postcrisis slowdown of capacity growth. More generally, we provide insight into why recoveries from financial crises may be so slow. (JEL E23, E24, E32, E44, G01)


With the technological development of the smart grid, the demand response technology will develop to enhance the security, stability and economy of power system. This paper proposes a new energy efficiency management system and control strategy of grid-friendly-based intelligent electricity. Air conditioning is one of the grid-friendly intelligent electricity, the peak and trough demand of power and the appropriate electricity prices can be defined according to its operation features. By using the real-time electricity prices and the characteristics of load to regulate the consumption of electricity, the purpose of peak load shifting and improving the load curve can be achieved. Under the cooperation of the smart gateway, smart socket and smart terminal, the management system could achieve the intelligent control for air conditioning, and make it a grid-friendly electrical equipment. A small monitoring experimental system has been developed as shown in the demonstration, which presents the working circumstances at the present stage.


For LTI systems represented by matrix pairs, the problem of configuration adjustment is dealt with to improve the controllability. As important concepts and theoretical foundation, the maximum controllability index of square matrix is defined and analyzed, and a generic controllability canonical form is introduced for single-input systems. Based on these concepts, approaches on adjusting the system configurations are presented respectively for two distinct scenarios.


Unstructured data constitutes a sizable portion of every organization. When left unattended, it becomes dark redundant data with associated storage costs. This paper introduces a novel approach to information extraction for data management in the oil and gas industry. The data management system (DMS) is a web application that seamlessly integrates structured and unstructured data at the back end, providing actionable insights to users on the front-end. The DMS offers intuitive and interactive features tailored for diverse use cases, including operations planning, sales planning, tender planning, and competition-market share analysis.
 The approach consists of two key components: automated extraction and enrichment pipelines, and workflows based on natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML). The automated pipelines efficiently extract, ingest, enrich, and quality-check data from multiple sources. Meanwhile, the NLP workflows focus on unstructured textual data and perform tasks such as named entity recognition (NER), relation extraction, and operation classification to extract relevant information. State-of-the-art language models, such as bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), are employed to contextualize operational comments and assign labels to the operations.
 To evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of the DMS application in addressing various operational challenges, a series of experiments and surveys were conducted, comparing it with existing tools and methods. The results demonstrate that the DMS effectively delivers accurate and relevant information in a user-friendly manner. The key advantage of the DMS lies in its ability to bridge silos between different business lines, enabling stakeholders and users to monitor and analyze data from diverse sources, such as daily drilling reports (DDRs), daily workover reports (DWRs), production, testing, and rigless data.


The MOCVD growth of B-As and B-P films on Si, sapphire, and Si-on-sapphire substrates is described; in this process, trimethylborane (TMB) or triethylborane (TEB) is pyrolyzed in the presence of AsH3 or PH3 in an H2 atmosphere. The procedures employed are outlined, and the results are presented in graphs, tables, and micrographs. It is found that the growth rate of the primarily amorphous films is dependent on the TMB or TEB concentration but approximately constant for TEB and AsH3 at 550-900 C. The nominal compositions of films grown using TMB are given as B(12-16)As2 and B(1-1.3)P. Carbon impurities and significant stress, bowing, and crazing are observed in the films grown on Si substrates, with the highest carbon content in the films grown from TMB and PH3.


Introduction: the artists as text 1. Biographical functions, mediations and exchanges 2. The Victorian typology of artists: from prelapsarian to professional 3. Artists' autobiographies: Cellini, Res Gestae, jouissance, and the collective life 4. Family biographies: domestic authority, social order, and the artist's body 5. Biography as history: anecdotage, serialization, and national identity Conclusion: gifting art: from Bohemians to benefactors.


Reaction of (η6-1,3-dichlorobenzene)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)iron hexafluorophosphate with aryl oxides from protected tyrosines proceeds under mild conditions to generate aryl ethers, and the halogens may be displaced sequentially, allowing the preparation of unsymmetrical or symmetrical triaryl diethers; (η6-N-acetyl-4-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester)(η5-cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium hexafluorophosphate was prepared and was shown to react with protected tyrosine aryl oxide to generate dityrosine derivatives, and a mild photochemical method for demetallation of the arene–M–Cp (Cp =η5-cyclopentadienyl) complexes is described.


A mathematical model of plane grinding by the tool which is modeled as a disc with distributed on its surface abrasive grains, owning random geometric characteristics in the paper is analyzed. Cutting is modeled separately by each grain under kinematically given tool motion. The system of equations, describing the relations between the surface coordinate cut by permanent grain and the surface coordinate machined by previous grain, is obtained. The solution for a single track is analyzed, determining the configuration of workpiece surface under multiple grains' passages. An array of varying dimension is used, in order to store the change of all grains' cutting thickness in grinding process. The interaction forces at each grain being in contact with the machined surface are summarized at each time step. The dynamic model is based on the consideration of insufficient rigidity of the technological system characteristics, which is inherent while grinding of complex parts in aircraft and space industry. The arising vibrations can significantly affect on precision and surface quality. The problem is especially important in processing complex parts, such as turbine blades, where the precision and surface roughness, residual stresses define the process efficiency. The estimation of system parameters and cutting conditions influence on the machined surface errors generated while processing simulation is analyzed. It was shown that system vibration is excited with the frequencies of grain pass (rotation frequency) and with the eigenfrequencies of the elastic dynamical system also, which are typical for the regenerative mechanism of excitation.


The thesis writer discusses the main female implementation of her unconventional ideas on sex and marriage in Toni Morrison?s Sula. The thesis writer wonders what makes Sula, the main female character has unconventional ideas on sex and marriage, and how the ideas are implemented in her attitude in the novel. The thesis writer wants to reveal the reason why Sula has unconventional ideas on sex and marriage, and the ways Sula implemented in her attitude. Utilizing the literary approach, the thesis writer analyzes Toni Morrison?s Sula by applying literary tools such as characterization, setting, and conflict. Besides, he needs the definition of friendship as the supporting tool to analyze the relationship between Sula as the main female character with Nel. The analysis shows that in the process of implementation ideas on sex and marriage, the main female character undergoes conflicts, until she becomes a new young woman with a new character. The implementation of unconventional ideas on sex and marriage experienced by Sula is for the better of everything. Undoubtedly the implementation of unconventional ideas on sex and marriage eventually makes the main female character become stronger, better and wiser after she has conflicting idea with Nel concerning the unconventional ideas of sex and marriage.


Study Design. Technical note. Objectives. Three years of convincing experience with cranial neuronavigation suggested the application of the cranial software and registration method for the transoral access to the C1–C2 vertebrae. Background Data. The C1–C2 vertebrae are located in close vicinity to the cranial base. If the intersegmental movements of the C0–C1/C1–C2 segments are prevented with HALO fixation, the upper cervical spine can be considered as a caudal part of the skull base and included in the extended navigation space of the skull. Methods. Three patients were selected for navigation-assisted transoral odontoidectomy. Before surgery the patients were fixed and scanned in a HALO device. The fiducials were attached supraorbitally and to both mastoids, determining a wide registration area and allowing the caudal extension of the navigation space. The BrainLAB VectorVision navigation system was used in cranial mode during the operations. Results. Neuronavigation and fluoroscopy-controlled transoral surgery were performed with success in all three cases. The registration accuracy was 1.5, 2.7, and 3.1 mm. Conclusion. Image guidance during transoral exposure of the upper cervical spine offered excellent three-dimensional guidance on the ventral surface of the craniocervical junction, allowing a safer, more controlled surgery. As the targets of the transoral spinal surgery are fixed bony and ligamentous structures, no shifting occurs and continuous high navigation accuracy can be achieved. The use of the navigation can reduce the significance of the intraoperative fluoroscopy, diminishing the radiograph load of the patient and the operating room team.


We report our experiences with 38 Proplast implants to the face, with 33 results which we classified as good. The material seems to be biocompatible, and because it is porous there is rapid tissue ingrowth into it.


To efficiently support the diverse quality of service(QoS) requirements in middle and high rate sensor networks,a scheduling and resource allocation algorithm based on cross-layer optimization was proposed in this paper.By dynamically adjusting values of the two parameters,delay compensation factor and throughput compensation factor,a mathematical formulation was provided with the goal of maximizing throughput under real-time service QoS constraints to meet the requirements of smaller delay in real-time service and larger throughput in non real-time service.Simulations show that the scheme can achieve compromise between system efficiency and users QoS satisfaction flexibly and guarantee fairness among different user.


A new generation of neutron sources is just coming into existence with great promise for the future. These sources are based on neutron production by spallation from the interaction of high energy protons with a heavy metal target. Currently the highest flux facility of this type is the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source at Argonne National Laboratory. This machine is also unique in its dedication to both slow-neutron scattering and fast-neutron damage studies.


Antibiotic resistance has become a growing problem in a world of prescription drug overuse and misuse. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer one possible solution. Melittin (Mel), isolated from bee venom, is a known AMP. It is active against a variety of microbes as well as cytotoxic towards eukaryotic cells. Previous work from our lab has demonstrated that the calmodulin‐binding sequence of the nNOS enzyme possesses selective activity against S. aureus. Our lab has been investigating the role that specific amino acid residues of Mel play in its lytic activities, and possibly what role these amino acids play in selectivity, by investigating the activities of a series of Mel‐nNOS chimeras. In this study, the chimeras were produced by replacing the middle 10 residues of one peptide with that of the other (nMel‐nNOS‐cMel and nnNOS‐Mel‐cnNOS). We also assessed the activity of Mel truncated peptides (nMel and cMel). All experimental peptides were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli as well as their ability to lyse liposomes and red blood cells (RBCs). The results show that both truncated peptides were completely inactive. In addition, both chimeras were found to effectively cause liposome lysis at concentrations below 3 uM and have minimal effect on RBC lysis. Chimera nnNOS‐MelcnNOS was found to have IC50 values above 12 uM for both S. aureus and E. coli while chimera nMel‐nNOS‐cMel was found to be more selective for S. aureus (IC50 values between 4 uM and 8 uM), with IC50 for E. coli being greater than 16 uM. These results imply that the eight terminal residues of Mel are insufficient for bacterial growth inhibition. Further studies should focus on increasing the Mel to nNOS ratio of the chimeric AMPs.


Ureteral obstruction occurs in 2–10% of renal transplant patients post-transplant, usually presenting within the first year. The reported success rate of percutaneous dilatation (PTD) and stenting is between 62% and 86%. However that approach is often associated with recurrent urinary tract infections and prolong hospitalization. We sought to determine the long-term outcome of PTD for treatment of ureteral strictures in our program. Material and Methods Data collected from the Invasive Radiology charts on kidney transplant patients undergoing nephrostomy followed by dilatation to treat ureteral stricture. The following parameters were looked at: patient age, type of transplant (live- or deceased-donor), the interval after transplant for diagnosis of stricture, number of procedures, interval between procedures, the rate of UTI and bactermia and length of hospital stay. The success rate was assessed by the freedom from stent after dilatation with long-term preservation of normal graft function. Surgical repair after PTD was considered as a failure. Results Between 1/2000- 12/2014 twenty seven patients were treated by PTD for ureter stricture after kidney transplantation which makes an incidence of 2%. Lich-Gregoir technique for ureteral-vescical anastomosis was used in 12 patients, JJ stent was placed in 11 patient. Most patients had a distal stricture (25/27). The median number of percutaneous procedures was 2.5: five patients had 1, eight patients had 2, eight patients had 3, five patients had 4, and two patients had 5 procedures. The number of patients with UTI requiring hospitalization was 50%; 3 of them had also bacteremia. The median hospital stay was 32 days. Sixteen patients (59.3%) underwent surgery to finally resolve the problem. Four patients lost their graft at an interval of 4 -70 months after diagnosis of stricture another 3 patient died. Conclusions Percutaneos dilatation of ureter stricture after transplant is associated with high morbidity and prolonged hospitalization. Surgical revision should be considered at an early stage after failure of one or two sessions of PTD.


Rome had become the rule of Italy and Mediterranean world by the end of the Republic. The Rome's great change of history from the Republic into the Empire was finished by her expansion or conquest. This article emphasizes that war was the motivation of Roman industry and commerce, and the establishment of the Empire promoted trade in the Mediterranean world. It also discusses the wool industry of ancient Pompii, in order to understand the social and economic conditions in the preliminary stages of the Empire.


Correct diagnosis and right assessment are cornerstones of clinical success in the practice of pain management. Due to constant pressure on the clinician to prove his/ her efficiency, the core elements in assessment of pain are often overlooked. The pain has been considered as the 'fifth vital sign'. A variety of pain assessment scales are available for evaluating the intensity of acute and chronic pain. Under or over-assessment of pain often lead to errors in pain management. This is mainly due to proceeding with the treatment plan without a proper clinical history collection and clinical examination. This compromises the patient's opportunity to obtain optimum pain relief. The current review provides an overview on the pain assessment tools used in musculoskeletal pain assessment, and to assist clinicians and researchers in selecting the pain assessment methods best suited to serve their purposes.


BACKGROUND It is a basic requirement for public finance system to assess the performance of community health center on the essential services of disease prevention and control. The performance assessment index is the basic premise to implement performance assessment. METHODS Literature reviews, focus group discussions and institutional survey with structure questionnaires. RESULTS We developed 125 indexes to assess the performance of essential disease prevention and control services in community health center. The overall recognition rate is 95.2% among 19 sample organizations. CONCLUSIONS The index library of essential disease prevention and control services in community health center has been established.


Huang Shi-zhong was a bourgeois revolutionary propag andist and litterateur. He wrote 16 novels, fronted for Chinese and foreign nove listic forest with his brother and published many theoretical papers in his whol e life. He discoursed upon novelistic position and function in society transform ation, the character of novelistic style, the inheritance and animadversion on c lassical novels and the relation between translation and creation. It is right i n that time to point out that novelistic creation should serve for bourgeois dem ocratic revolution. He claimed to inherit the realistic spirit and artistic expe rience of ancient novels and brought forward the standard to distinguish between obscene novel and romantic novel and the harm of superstitious novel, which pro moted the novelistic creation in that time and gained its position in the histor y of novelistic theory.


The altitudinal shifts of many montane populations are lagging behind climate change. Understanding habitual, daily behavioural rhythms, and their climatic and environmental influences, could shed light on the constraints on long‐term upslope range‐shifts. In addition, behavioural rhythms can be affected by interspecific interactions, which can ameliorate or exacerbate climate‐driven effects on ecology. Here, we investigate the relative influences of ambient temperature and an interaction with domestic sheep (Ovis aries) on the altitude use and activity budgets of a mountain ungulate, the Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). Chamois moved upslope when it was hotter but this effect was modest compared to that of the presence of sheep, to which they reacted by moving 89–103 m upslope, into an entirely novel altitudinal range. Across the European Alps, a range‐shift of this magnitude corresponds to a 46% decrease in the availability of suitable foraging habitat. This highlights the importance of understanding how factors such as competition and disturbance shape a given species' realised niche when predicting potential future responses to change. Furthermore, it exposes the potential for manipulations of species interactions to ameliorate the impacts of climate change, in this case by the careful management of livestock. Such manipulations could be particularly appropriate for species where competition or disturbance already strongly restricts their available niche. Our results also reveal the potential role of behavioural flexibility in responses to climate change. Chamois reduced their activity when it was warmer, which could explain their modest altitudinal migrations. Considering this behavioural flexibility, our model predicts a small 15–30 m upslope shift by 2100 in response to climate change, less than 4% of the altitudinal shift that would be predicted using a traditional species distribution model‐type approach (SDM), which assumes that species' behaviour remains unchanged as climate changes. Behavioural modifications could strongly affect how species respond to a changing climate.


Gayatri Spivak's response to the attack of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2011, the event otherwise known as 9/11, was one of many responses that denote the event's traumatic impact. In psychoanalytic terms, the psychic condition of trauma, identified by Lacan as the encounter with the real, is a shock which the subject initially misses; as such, the subject is compelled to make intelligible what was missed through what Lacan calls 'fantasy.' According to Zizek in Welcome to the Desert of the Real, the cinematic quality of the planes crashing into the towers, iterating the fantasies of Hollywood disaster films (16), pointed to a haunting in America of some historical trauma that returned in the real of 9/11 (17). Zizek's reflection on 9/11 as a haunting in cinematic terms, pointing to a confluence of his scholarship and the event, sets a precedent for this paper's focus on seeing in Spivak's response to the suicide acts of 9/11 a haunting of the suicide rite of Sati in her earlier scholarship. This paper reviews Spivak's representation of suicide in "Can the subaltern speak?" (1988) and "Terror: A Speech After 9/11" (2004), noting the non-coincidental echoes between these projects with respect to secularism and silence, affirming this paper's proposal that in Spivak's work, a trauma shared by western secular society is evident as a fantasy of silence.


Twenty-seven -5- month old male Bai1(j lambs weighing 28.S7!3.18 kg and twenty-seven -4. month desert male kids weighing 18.13!.1.55 kg were reared in shaded pens at Bedouins premises where AcacIa ,aligns, barley and beans are available al EJ-Kasr, (Matroah Government). The objecUves of Ihis study were to include the relatively available feed resources in replacement of feed concentrate ml)((ure (CFM) and clover hay In the fattening dlels of Jambs and kids. Animals within each species were divfded 11'110 three equal groups and were assigned al random to receive one of three dietary treatments. The control group received the traditional fattening dlel composed of berseem hay and CFM. Barley grains and small amount of bean seeds replaced CFM in diet 2. while Acacia replaced berseem hay and bar1ey grains and bean seeds replaced CFM in diet 3. The e xperimen! lasted for 9 5 days. Three animals from each treatment and species were slaughtered by the end of the experiment for carcass evaluation. The resurts revealed that average daily gain was 195, 252 and 2549 for lambs fed rations in treatments TS" TS2and TS3. respectively. Daily gain for kids was 121 . 106 and 116g fed rations in treatments TG 1• TG, and TG1, respeclively. Corresponding values for the feed conversion utilization (kg TON/kg gain) for lambs were 3.73. 3.51 and 3.36 while that for IUds was 4.53. 6.02 and 5.49. respectively. in feeding cost for ptoducing one kg body W'efghl The average dressing percentages based on fasting boefy weight were 48.33. 41 .67 and 44 for lambs in TS,. T$2 and TS), respeclively. The corresponding averages for kids were 28.83, 27.33 and 29.16 for rations in TG" TG2 and TG l .. Boneless meat percentages for lambs were 2.71. 2.31 and 2.26 with higher values for kids 2.67, 2.55 and 2.89. The use of Acacia saligna and barley grains, which are available in the area. wilh small amounts of bean seeds 10 replace either hay or CFM for fattening lambs and kids may be recommended.


In today's society, the smartphone has become a pervasive source of private and confidential information and has become a quintessential target for malicious intent. Smartphone users are bombarded with a multitude of third party applications that either have little to no regard to private information or aim to gather that information maliciously. To combat this, there have been numerous tools developed to analyze mobile applications to detect information leaks that could lead to privacy concerns. One popular category of these tools are static taint analysis tools that track the flow of data throughout an application. In this work we perform an objective comparison of several Android taint analysis tools that detect information flows in Android applications. We test the tools FlowDroid, IccTA, and DroidSafe on both the android taint analysis benchmarking suite DROIDBENCH as well as a random subset of applications acquired from F-Droid and measure these tools in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.


Verity Harte's book proposes a reading of a series of interesting passages from Plato's Dialogues, where Plato sets forth different considerations about the way in which ontological unity and plurality can — or cannot — be conciliated in some form of unified ontological complexity. Harte reads the passages in a systematic way and this allows her to extrapolate the basic elements of a theory of parts and wholes, which she compares with two main contemporary positions (i.e. those of David Lewis and of Peter Van Inwagen) on the problem of composition. Accordingly, the book can be read from two perspectives: as a reconstruction of an aspect of the philosophy of Plato and as a proposal of an alternative approach to the problem of composition and to the notions of part and whole. I shall first sum up what I take to be the main aspects of Harte's reconstruction of Plato's theory of parts and wholes and then comment on two main points, the first concerning the historical and interpretative contribution of the book and the second concerning the theoretical proposal there outlined. The problem at issue can be formulated in the following way. There is something (say: Socrates), which we regard as one object. This object has parts (say: limbs), which are many. The one object is, in some sense, the same as its many parts; so, the same thing is one and many. But this is absurd because the same thing cannot be both one and many — at least not without qualification.


Based on the unblocked reliability theory of the road network, combined with the characteristics of the logistics distribution of expressway service areas, the concept of network unblocked reliability on logistics distribution was put forward. Under the reliability analysis, the optimization model of multi objective, multi depot and open vehicle scheduling on logistics distribution of highway service areas was established, and the ant colony algorithm was designed. In the end an example was analyzed to validate the usability of the optimization model by comparing with saving mileage, which demonstrates the established optimization model of multiple depot vehicle scheduling is of a better practical value to guide the optimization decision making of logistics distribution network and to improve the reliability of logistics distribution of expressway service areas.


Oral soft tissues are affected by a multitude of pathologic conditions. Diagnosis, which encompasses the possible diseases and conditions that could.Oral Soft Tissue Diseases: A Reference Manual for Diagnosis Management. Local Anesthesia for Dental Professionals 2nd Edition Paperback.DESCRIPTION: This is one of the most common oral diseases. They are among the most common oral soft tissue lesions. The color is usually the.standard for diagnosing disease, oral or otherwise, is tissue biopsy. This article provides an overview of the oral soft-tissue biopsy and highlights. Oral mucosal disease or lesion depends upon creating a differential diagnosis. Classify oral lesions into surface lesions and soft tissue.The ADA Practical Guide to Soft Tissue Oral Disease is the perfect tool to aid in.


The extraordinary steps taken by governments during the 2007-2009 financial crisis to prevent the failure of large financial institutions and support credit availability have invited heated debate. This paper comprehensively reviews empirical assessments of the benefits of those programs—such as their effectiveness in reducing bank failures or supporting new lending—introduces a combined dataset of five key programs that provided term debt or equity to banks in the U.S., and assesses the effects of such support on lending by U.S. banks. The results, using an instrumental variable approach, suggest that bank loans did not increase at institutions receiving government support.


Abstract The compound Li2ZrTeO6 with ordered LiNbO3 structure shows a yellow emission of moderate intensity below room temperature. This emission is ascribed to a charge-transfer transition within the tellurate octahedron.


The critical years from the turn of the century to the eve of the First World War were a time of uncertainty and crisis for Russia's old political, social and cultural order. The year 1904 saw the start of the Russo-Japanese war, a disastrous conflict sparked by Russia's expansion into China and Korea in the face of Japan's own regional desires, further fuelled by Russian over confidence and racist contempt for the Japanese. Marxists believed they possessed a more scientific and rationalistic understanding of society and history. Marxists tended to take an essentialist view of the proletariat: this was the class destined by the logic of history to emancipate humanity from injustice and oppression. The sense of crisis and opportunity that marked so much of the Russian fin de siecle was evident in the experience of being a non-Russian subject of Russian empire, as well as in state policy towards the nationalities problem.


This paper observes that the effect of foreign aid on private entrepreneurship is controversial. To this end, it assesses the effect of foreign aid on private entrepreneurship development in Cameroon amongst other factors. Data was obtained from the World Bank Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 1980 to 2014.The error correction technique was used to estimate the parameters of private entrepreneurship development in Cameroon. The result showed that there is a positive and significant effect of foreign aid on private entrepreneurship in Cameroon in the long run. In addition, private entrepreneurship was found to increase with increase in real gross domestic product both in the short and long run. Government investment impacted negatively private entrepreneurship in the short and in the long run in Cameroon. From a policy perspective, an important conclusion is that government authorities should improve on the efficiency of foreign aid in order to reduce the lag time this aid takes to exert a significant effect on entrepreneurship development in Cameroon. Key words: Foreign aid, Private entrepreneurship, Error correction model, Cameroon . DOI: 10.7176/DCS/10-5-06 Publication date: May 31 st 2020


Abstract Two immunocompromised infants with perinatal tuberculosis are reported. Both presented with bilateral miliary mottling of the lungs. The first was a 4‐month‐old boy with a history of prolonged administration of prednisolone. He had tuberculous meningitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR in serum and CSF. His mother had tuberculous endometritis. The second was a 1‐month‐old boy with perinatal HIV infection. Diagnosis was made by PCR in serum. Both parents were HIV‐infected and had open pulmonary tuberculosis.


Part of a wider project concerned with the mediation of intimate relationships, this paper examines 'guy lit', 'lad lit' or 'postfeminist male romances'. The genre has been growing for the past two decades but has received little scholarly attention. Understood as an answer to 'chick lit', the genre is organised around the trials and tribulations of young to middle-aged men as they navigate the perils of growing up and looking for love. The analysis presented here is not concerned with literary merit or cultural value but rather looks sociologically at these popular texts, examining their constructions of masculinity, femininity and intimate gender relations. Drawing on an analysis of 25 novels, the paper explores the 'unheroic masculinity' depicted, in which men are presented as troubled, bumbling, hypochondriacal losers in counterpoint to women's (apparently effortless) success and accomplishments. Although the affable, self-deprecating (un)heroes of postfeminist male romances seem like unlikely ideological warriors, the paper argues that this patterned popular construction effects ideological work by contributing to a distinctively postfeminist sensibility in which male power is repudiated, while feminism is humorously 'sent up'.


BMR, where Neveu formerly worked, is the star turn, with some seventy-seven per cent of the 592 incunable editions in the region, and a regional hero in the person of Dom Gourdin, once a Benedictine, who oversaw the Revolutionary seizures and turned them all to the good account of the town library, of which he became first director. The catalogue itself fills exactly 200 pages, with a section at the end of Incunables 'Fantômes', registering the disappeared, the non-existent, and the never-there. It is set out in the customary CRI manner, short-title entries in a numbered sequence, the enumeration including some early post-incunabula that for various reasons have been thought worth including (sometimes for having been listed in earlier incunable catalogues, or for being of consuming local interest). References to subsidiary authors, editors, translators, and so on, and variant forms of names are incorporated directly into the alphabetical sequence, an ugly but useful feature of the series since its inception. The occasional book never or scantily described elsewhere is naturally given extended treatment — some thirty of these rarities are listed on p. 37. It all seems very professionally done, with accurate, appropriate, and adequate assignments and dating, where needed, from the types or printer's devices. After a number of sample potshots, I would only query the dating of one of the inédits, the Perottus, Rudimenta from the abbey of Conches (no. 468), now in the Musée de Verre there. Its printed date 'decimo octavo Kal. Iunii 1487' is presumably to be read as 18 June, by the sloppy habit that some printers had of treating the calends as simply part of the name of the month, for counting backwards in the Roman style leads one, as it does Neveu, to 15 May; but that is of course the ides of May, which should have been so denominated had the printer been following Roman practice. Copy particulars, including defects, illumination, binding, and provenance, are given the careful attention one has come to expect, the last three wrapped up into separate indexes at the end of the catalogue. A particular merit for incunabulists is the series of plates that illustrate the Rouen printers' types when they have not already been illustrated in the British Museum catalogue. Such has been the sloth of the present reviewer that this book is not now quite le dernier CRI, but it is one of the best of that admirable series, and Mme Neveu is to be warmly congratulated on an exacting task well done.


'T^HE provisions of most taxes can be divided into two parts; those which deal with the main subject matter at which the tax is aimed, and those which tax other transactions which, if not taxed, would give the taxpayer an easy way of lawfully avoiding the main provisions. The extent to which it is necessary to insert these secondary provisions in a taxing law is one of the tests by which a tax can be judged from an administrative point of view. The object of this paper is to study the provisions of the law of Estate Duty in the United Kingdom and to see to what extent the original conception of the tax has had to be extended in order to prevent avoidance. " Avoidance " must be distinguished from " evasion The former term covers those transactions which are lawful according to the letter of the law, but which enable the taxpayer to avoid paying part or all of the tax for which he would otherwise be liable. Evasion indicates transactions which are illegal and which


The purpose of this research is to describe the second year students' ability to write simple sentences using present progressive tense at SMPN 2 Rambatan Kabupaten Tanah Datar . This research was limited in three sentence forms; students' ability to write affirmative form of simple sentences using present progressive tense , students' ability to write negative form of simple sentences using present progressive tense, and students' ability to write interrogative (yes/no question) form of simple sentences using present progressive tense. The design of this research was descriptive in nature. The population of this research was the second year students of SMPN 2 Rambatan Kabupaten Tanah Datar . The total number of the population was 74 students. There are four classes; VIII.1, VIII.2, VIII.3, and VIII.4. The researcher used cluster random sampling to select the sample . To make the test reliable, the researcher used inter-rater technique by using two scorers. Then, the test was valid in term of content validity . Before did the real test, the researcher gave try out test the students out of the sample. The researcher chose class VIII.1 to do try out test. T he total number of sample w as 1 8 students. The researcher got the result 0.99 (High Correlation). It means that the test was reliab le . Generally, the result of analyzing data showed that the ability of the second year students of SMPN 2 Rambatan Kabupaten Tanah Datar to write simple sentences using present progressive tense was moderate. It could be seen that 18.75% students have high ability, 62 . 50% have moderate ability and 18.75% have low ability. In detail the percentages of each of form sentence were; 62.50% have moderate ability to write affirmative sentence s in present progressive tense, 93.75% have moderate ability to write negative sentence s in present progressive tense, and 68.75% have moderate ability to write yes/no question sentence s in present progressive tense. Key Words: Ability, Simple Sentences , Present Progressive


The spectrum sensing method's dependability is greatly influenced by two of the most crucial factors, including various fading channels and nearby wireless users. Multipath fading, buried terminals, and shadowing are just a few of the challenges encountered by users of non-cooperative spectrum sensing systems. Cooperative spectrum sensing approach gives a remedy for this issue. With the use of the common receiver, CSS permits the user to detect the spectrum. Additionally, it has been separated into distributed CSS (D-CSS) and centralized CSS (C-CSS). By using particular rules to identify the presence of the licensed user, both concepts are compared to one another in this article. The effectiveness of cluster-based distributed cooperative spectrum sensing over two-wave diffuse power fading channels (TWDP Channel) is also examined in the article. Wei-bull and Hoyt fading channels are two examples of fading channels that have previously exploited this idea. In this paper, simulation findings for the less well-known two-wave with diffuse power channels are reviewed. This work mainly focused on CSS over TWDP fading channels along with several proposed approach for two stage hard decision strategies using AND fusion and OR fusion. The simulation performance findings for TWDP fading situation enhance the OR_AND fusion strategy detection performance at various SNR levels. The presented D-CSS approach helps users to get beyond the difficulty they have when using non-cooperative spectrum sensing and lists the relationship among detection efficiency and power consumption for Cognitive radio technology used in constrained wireless environments.


Summary The effects of food restriction and refeeding on total protein-bound hexose (HE), hexosamine (HA), sialic acid (SA), and the carbohydrate-rich seromucoid fraction (SM) were investigated. Groups of rats, fed 50% of the food required for weight maintenance were bled following weight losses of 12, 26, and 33%. Other groups were fed ad lib following depletion and serum samples were obtained when their initial weight was regained. HE and SA were significantly decreased following a 12% weight loss and declined further as depletion progressed. Re-feeding caused a marked increase in the 33% depleted group, but the final level was subnormal. HA was more resistant to moderate depletion and a highly significant decline did not occur until a 26% weight loss was attained. HA levels were normal in the 12 and 33% depleted groups following weight repletion. SM values fluctuated during depletion, first decreasing then returning to normal. SM values were significantly elevated in all repleted groups. It was concluded that the protein-bound carbohydrates of rat serum do not respond in a uniform manner to food restriction and refeeding.


A case is presented of benign tumour development after 30 years in a patient who underwent colon flap following corrosive injury.


Transactional Memory (TM) is a recent alternative to traditional lock based synchronization mechanisms for parallel programming. This report analyses the state of the art in the area of performance modelling for transactional memory systems, as well as for concurrency control mechanisms for database management systems. My analysis of existing literature in these areas highlights the existence of a relevant gap, which I aim to fill with my thesis work: the lack of performance models for hardware-based implementations of TM, also known as Hardware Transactional Memory (HTM). More in detail, my dissertation will be aimed at building simulative and analytical models capable of capturing the performance dynamics of Intel's implementation of HTM. In addition to defining the goals of my dissertation, this document also discusses initial ideas and preliminary results achieved so far.


A convenient synthesis of fourteen 4-methyl- and 4-phenylseleno-1,1,1-trihalo-3-alken-2-ones [CX 3 C(O)CH=CR 1 SeR. where X = F, Cl; R = Me, Ph; and R 1 = H, alkyl, aryl from the reaction of the corresponding 4-methoxy-1,1,1-trihalo-3-alken-2-ones with methyl- or phenylselenols in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate is reported. The reaction of 4-methylseleno- 1,1,1-trihalo-3-alken-2-ones with bromine and ammonia lead to 3-trihalomethylisoselenazoles in good yields. The usefulness of the trichloromethyl group as a carboxyl group precursor was demonstrated by the conversion of 5-ethyl-3-trichloromethylisoselenazole to 5-ethyl-3-carboxyisoselenazole acid.


Malaria is the most serious health issue facing the Lao PDR today. It is estimated that nearly 80% of the population is at risk (i.e. 4 million individuals) with all rural areas affected; poor and lower educated segments of the population are disproportionately affected. Despite wide coverage of mosquito nets less than one quarter are treated with insecticide the most effective method of malaria prevention. Recognising that the issues regarding malaria in the Lao PDR justify the implementation of a social marketing net re-treatment project in 2002 PSI launched a pilot project to distribute re-treatment kits in two Southern provinces. The success of the pilot project led PSI to consider expanding coverage to the other Southern provinces. In order to develop an appropriate and effective project for social marketing of re-treatment kits this KAP (knowledge attitudes practices) survey was conducted in the five target provinces in February - March 2004. Female heads of household formed the majority of the 2891 respondents. In addition to aiding the development of the re-treatment project the study provides baseline data for the Global Fund malaria project and for PSIs own project indicators. (excerpt)


The international Offshore Rule (IOR) is used to establish the rating for yacht racing and is the basis for a handicapping system. As such, it has a considerable effect on the design of competitive sailing yachts. The paper explores this effect on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the yachts.


In recent years, cost reduction and capacity enlargement of memories have resulted in more and more buffers in switches and routers. Consequently, today's network suffers from bufferbloat, in which excess frame buffering causes high latency and jitter and reduces throughput. N rate N+1 color marking (NRN+1CM) was proposed to achieve per-flow fairness in a ring aggregation network. With NRN+1CM, colors are assigned to frames based on input rate and frames are discarded based on their color and frame-drop threshold. Although bufferbloat is avoided by its frame-drop threshold notification process, it was not clarified with a queuing model. This paper demonstrates how bufferbloat is avoided using M(n)/M/1/K queuing model and the formulated model is verified with a computer simulation.


Title
The social media paradox
How social media and influencers affect consumers' perception of quality of life

Course Code
BUSN39 Global Marketing

Authors
Elisabet Lund & Paulina Haux

Supervisor
Peter Svensson

Keywords
Social media, Influencers, Conspicuous Consumption, Quality of Life and Consumer Behavior

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate how consumers perceive the consumption of influencers and social media and how it affects their QOL.

Methodology
The research has a phenomenology approach where the focus lies on consumers' different explanations of different subjective experiences. This is conducted through semi-structured interviews.

Theoretical perspective
The main theories that the study is based upon, are theories about consumer behavior, quality of life and conspicuous consumption in relation to social media and influencers.

Analysis and discussion
This research aimed to understand the interviewee's different worlds, therefore the analysis and discussion had a more holistic approach. The analysis and discussion are based on the interviewee's explanations.

Conclusion
Influencers and social media affect consumers' perception of QOL mostly in a delightful way by creating a form of togetherness through social media and seeing influencers as role models. Moreover, the findings show that lack of control on social media has an unfavorable effect on consumers' perception of QOL.

Originality/Value
This research sheds light on how consumers make use of social media and influencers in their daily lives and what influence it has on consumers' QOL. Consumer behavior is always difficult to predict, however, our research sheds light on how consumers think and act in a social media context.


Objective To investigate the expression level and clinical significance of PD-1 on CD8+T cells in HIV-1 infected individuals with different disease status.Methods Seventy-two HIV-1 infected individuals and twenty-nine healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The expression level of PD-1 on CD8+T cells were measured by flow cytometry assay.Correlations between PD-1 expression level and CD4 counts and plasma viral loads were analyzed.Results The expression level of PD-1 on CD8+T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infected individuals was significantly higher than that of healthy controls(30.395% vs 18.450%,P=0.001).The PD-1 expression level in HIV-1 infection correlated negatively with CD4+T cell counts(r=-0.401,P0.001)while positively with viral loads(r=0.247,P=0.0368).Upregulation of PD-1 in individuals with CD4 count below 200 cells/μl was significantly higher than that of subjects with CD4 count above 500 cells/μ(l P=0.002).Two remarkable iinfection peaks of PD-1 expression in primary infectionrs and AIDS patients were observed,but no significant difference was observed between long-term nonprogressors and healthy controls.Conclusions The expression level of PD-1 on CD8+T cells in HIV-1 infected individuals is up-regulateed and this expression level is correlated with disease progress.


Many factors should be taken into account in order to analyze and to optimize the electric vehicle performance in a city. Electric vehicle road tests have shown that EV range can depend on many factors such as road type, acceleration, speed, topography, air temperature, and the use of additional services such as heating and air conditioning. This article presents some field test analysis and results done in Bogota, Colombia. Efficiency and performance tests were done on an i-MiEV. Measured GPS road tests were done to determine a typical commercial fleet route, by analyzing speed, acceleration, steepness and elapsed time percentages. 250 road tests were done for evaluating the electric vehicle performance. The conducted tests examined different types of roads like arterial, intermediate and local, different types of drivers and various kinds of topography. Road test measurements showed an operational efficiency up to 80%. This high efficiency value is due to the electric vehicle energy regeneration system.


The increasing frequency of extreme flow events as a consequence of climate change could potentially impact the stability of lowland clay streams in East Anglia. Some of these rivers act as conveyors of additional water that is pumped downstream to satisfy the growing demand for water in this dry region. To accommodate the additional flows, the river channels have been deepened and straightened and the combined effect is that riverbanks are becoming more unstable. Willow spiling, a bioengineering stabilisation measure, could be an effective and sustainable mitigation option for managing riverbank erosion. There is a growing interest in understanding the performance of such interventions, particularly under changing climatic conditions. Two willow spiling projects were implemented in March 2009 and studied for their biological and geomorphological function during the first year after installation. This study shows that droughts and floods can impact the effectiveness of these measures, but through careful design, implementation and post-project monitoring this method can be effective in withstanding such stresses and protecting riverbanks.


In recent researches of the dynamics of solitons, it is gradually revealed that oscillation modes play a crucial role when we analyze the dynamics of solitons. Some dynamical properties of solitons on external potentials are studied with both numerical methods and analytical methods. In this paper, we propose a method to deal with such oscillation modes of solitons in potential wells. We show that oscillations of a soliton is described by the Klein-Gordon equation with an external potential. Although this analysis does not seems to give quantitative scattering amplitude of a soliton itself, it explains qualitative pictures of scattering. As a result of our analysis, when a soliton is scattered in a cyclic potential, the Laue pattern emerges. Furthermore, since our analysis is based on the Klein-Gordon equation, a discrete frequency spectrum of a soliton is obtained when it is bounded by some potentials. What is especially important is that this analysis predicts a frequency spectrum of a soliton in the Coulomb potential and then we find that this system absorbs external waves with specific frequencies described by the Rydberg formula.


This investigates the participants' attitudes towards corrective feedback as well as the types of corrective feedback on learners' performance by questionnaires for both students and teachers. Fifty–eight 2 nd -year students and 5 teachers of English at a university in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam participated in the study. The results indicated that students had a positive attitude towards teachers' corrective feedback. Besides, with the analyzed data, correction with comments and teacher correction was considered as the most useful strategy when giving feedback in the learners' performance. The outcomes of the study suggest a widespread employment of corrective feedback in teaching writing at universities and colleges in the region.  Article visualizations:


The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of hornification on the properties of Scots pine thermally modified under saturated steam. Experiment was carried out to never-dried Scots pine samples at temperatures of 160 °C and 170 °C under saturated steam for 3 hours. After the modification, samples were dried at 75 °C at five different RH: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 95%. EMC at 20 °C and RH 65%, impact strength, MOE and MOR, swelling and ASE were then tested and compared. Addition to those, hornification was measured using deuterium exchange method in DVS apparatus. The method for DVS was developed, and resulted to the adding of re-wetting step to the process and using of 12 hours impregnation time for deuterium oxide. Finally, HPAEC and GC-MS were used to analyse condensation water and the acetone soluble compounds from modified and unmodified samples. Based on the results, EMC differed at 160 °C treatment but not at 170 °C treatment. Accessibility of hydroxyl groups was measured with DVS from the 160 °C samples dried at 50% and 95%, and was found to have significant differences. Therefore, it was concluded that a difference in hornification is possible due to the initial drying. Mechanical tests and swelling test had no statistical difference between the different assumed states of hornification in this experiment. Chemical analysis revealed that condensation water contained many sugars from hemicelluloses, mostly mannose and xylose. Great quantities of different degradation compounds and extractives were also found from the condensed water as well as from the modified wood sample. Based on the chemical analyses, modified samples should be extracted before performing any tests since those compounds may vary the results. Even though this experiment showed that the presumed hornification had no significant impact on the properties of thermally modified Scots pine under saturated steam, hornification is a phenomenon that should be understood better in the field of solid wood. There was at least indication that hornification might influence the EMC in thermally modified wood, which is essential also for some other properties that were not measured in this thesis, such as biological resistance. Therefore, additional tests should be performed concerning the effect of hornification.


Liberty!--electric word!": in this line from Uncle Tom's Cabin (382), Harriet Beecher Stowe connected electricity and freedom, tapping into the emerging set of ideas and affects Paul Gilmore has called "Romantic Electricity." In the same period, Ralph Waldo Emerson invoked the electromagnetic discoveries of Davy and Faraday to conceive a dynamic, "fluid and volatile" universe (Wilson; Gilmore 473). Like many other writers of her time and place, Stowe imagined electricity "as a fluid moving through the material body, influencing and changing it and, in turn, potentially changing [...] social structures" (Gilmore 476). She joined Walt Whitman, for instance, who "[sang] the body electric" and used the mysterious current to picture a self freed from fixity and self-enclosure. Whitman's electrified self is given over to vibrant intimacies: Mine is no callous shell, I have instant conductors all over me whether I pass or stop, They seize every object and lead it harmlessly through me (91) In such lines, electric conduction symbolizes the kinds of radical contact to which a democratic subjectivity might be open. Identified with the life force itself, electricity may even have informed Whitman's sense, described in the preface to the 1855 Leaves of Grass, that the poet with his electrifying song "drags the dead out of their coffins and stands them again on their feet" (748). For other writers and artists, the politics and poetics of electricity took on a gendered character, as technical discoveries suggested new ways of imagining the powers and mysteries of the female form. Margaret Fuller, in Woman in the 19th Century, declared, "The especial genius of woman I believe to be electrical in movement" (293). By the 1890s, the idea of an electrified female genius was given living form on the stages of Paris, London, and New York by the Illinois-born dancer Loie Fuller, the "mistress of fire." Fuller's spectacular performances employed the wizardry of a whole crew of electricians, some of them trained in Thomas Edison's laboratories. In one of her most famous acts, the "dance of fire," Fuller's illuminated body disappeared in a virtual conflagration. "Flames and smoke swept upward through her rippling silks," a recent biography records, "until, with a great burst of color, the fire consumed the dancer and then flickered out" (Current and Current 99). In Loie Fuller's dance of fire, the ancient art of performance and the modern science of electricity were joined to a Houdini-style spectacle of escape. Had the dancer been destroyed, or rather liberated, by the electric flame? In the twentieth century, the literary embrace of electricity accelerated, as studies by Tim Armstrong, Cecilia Tichi, Daniel Albright, and many others have shown. Ezra Pound, in an early essay, defined "great literature" as "language charged with meaning to the utmost degree" (Literary 23). By 1914, Pound was involved in Vorticism, a movement that used the dynamo to imagine its collective aesthetic practice, pronouncing the death of the "isolated human form" and depicting the modern cityscape as a place of radical contact where "frontiers interpenetrate, individual demarcations are confused," and "we all [...] are in each other's vitals" (Lewis 141). T.E. Hulme, Vorticism's philosopher-poet, saw in the machinic forms of modern sculpture nothing less than "the break up of the Renaissance humanistic attitude" (Hulme 95). These Romantics and Modernists, then, may have something in common with the so-called "posthumanists" of the late twentieth century, theorists such as Donna Haraway who see a world so transformed by technology that the defining oppositions of humanism--"the difference between natural and artificial, mind and body"--no longer hold (Haraway 11). The artist Robert Pepperell, in his "Posthuman Manifesto," crystallizes the view: "Humanists saw themselves as distinct beings in an antagonistic relationship with their surroundings. …


The political theory runs against the circumstance of having
to to update all his tastes-gorias of analysis for new problems of the
global world and an political's action in leave behind. This updating
is complex. The first thing that is had to to admit is that the european
public space, of which inherit our political institutions and thought ways
of; but not his practices, he is different in his operation of the Latin
American public space. That is: our institutions and his principles are
similar; but different way is come from in the political practices. Of
these problems deals this article.


This production book is intended to explain in an orderly and clear manner the development of this project named: "Palitahua, la leyenda de los 4 grandes". The development process for a Character Reel begins with an idea and is supported by academic sources and visual sources. The process starts from a 2D concept as a basis to take it to 3D modeling. Afterwards, retopology, texturing, rigging, Xgen, light setting, clothing simulation, animation and render are developed...


Abstract A novel ginsenoside-hydrolyzing strain was isolated from ginseng-cultivation soil in Changbai Mountain (China). The strain was identified as Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21 by 16S rDNA sequencing. Using the β-glucosidases secreted from Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21, protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside Re was converted to the highly active neuroprotective molecule (S)-Rg2 by removal of the C-20-glucopyranosyl residue. The α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranose at the C-6 position of Rg2 was not further attacked by Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21, so the transformation shows high specificity. To simplify the transformation and product-preparation process, a simple and efficient transformation system was developed in a phosphate buffer system instead of organic media. The optimum conditions for transforming ginsenoside Re into Rg2 by Cellulosimicrobium sp. 21 were determined through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. Under the optimized conditions: transformation buffer, 50 mM phosphate buffer, at pH: 7.00; temperature: 27.6°C; substrate concentration: 0.50 mg/ml; biotransformation period: 12 h; the biotransformation efficiency reached 89.8% (molar ratio) in 2-L reaction system. This simple biotransformation with high specificity and efficiency has potential for use in Rg2 preparation in the pharmaceutical industry.


In this paper we report experimental characterization of microstrip patch antenna using physical vapour deposited silver nanofilm of thickness 30 nm (less than 57 nm, electron mean free path of silver). The silver radiating nanofilm is fed by electromagnetically coupled mechanism also known as proximity coupled feeding scheme where there is no physical contact between silver nanofilm and bulk copper feeding arrangement. The experimental result shows excellent response in terms of bandwidth. These antennas are attractive for a wide range of applications from wireless weather monitoring to satellite communications. Keywords— Nanofilm, proximity coupled patch antenna.


This volume provides cartographic representation of information generated by the People of India project on the distribution of cultural traits and languages, linguistic traits, anthropometry, demographic dimensions of population, and biological traits. Analysis of this data suggests patterns in the distribution of traits, which are mapped in this atlas. The distribution of traits is presented in three parts: ecology and cultural traits; language and linguistic traits; and demographic and biological traits. There are in all 149 maps. Of these, 72 are on ecology and cultural traits, covering a wide spectrum - including environment, distribution of communities, cropping patterns, food habits, social organization, and occupations. The distribution of language families and of linguistic traits which cut across language families is presented in 16 maps. There are 7 maps covering demographic dimensions such as sex-ratios, household sizes, marital status, and literacy. Finally, 54 biological maps present the distribution of somatometric variations, dermatoglyphics, blood groups, and several other genetic traits.


Abstract. We report on the continuation of a comparative study of different fused silica materials for ArF laser applications. After selecting potentially suited fused silica materials from their laser-induced absorption and compaction obtained by a short-time testing procedure, accelerated lifetime tests have been undertaken by sample irradiating at liquid nitrogen temperature and subsequent direct absorption measurements were made using the laser-induced deflection technique. The obtained degradation acceleration strongly differs between fused silica materials, showing high and low oxygen hole (OH) contents, respectively. As a result, a difference in the absorption degradation mechanism between high and low OH-containing fused silica is proposed. Consequently, two different scenarios for an acceleration of the absorption degradation are derived.


Herron Gloria, Mauricio A. Ph.D., Purdue University, May 2015. Elementary Preservice Teachers' Beliefs about Teacher Effectiveness. Major Professor: Aman Yadav. The purpose of this study was to explore elementary preservice teachers' beliefs about effective classroom instruction and the characteristics and behaviors of effective teachers, and to examine how these beliefs may vary across teacher education. Participants were 24 students enrolled in a teacher education program at a large mid-west university in the United States. Data were collected using an intensive interview protocol consisting of semi-structured questions, and analyzed using grounded theory strategies (Charmaz, 2006, 2012). Using a constructive/interpretive framework (Lincoln & Guba, 2013), the analysis of the data indicated that participants' beliefs about teacher effectiveness dwell around 12 overreaching categories; five regarding effective instruction (e.g., the physical environment of the classroom, types of pedagogical approaches), four about the characteristics of effective teachers (e.g., teacher persona, teacher control), and three in relation to the behaviors of effective teachers (e.g., student-related behaviors, controlrelated behaviors). The analysis also indicated potential variations in participants' beliefs about teacher effectiveness according to the time since they enrolled in the program. Implications for theory and practice and recommendations for future research are provided.


ZHU De's thoughts on science and culture impenetrate Selected Works of ZHU De. He profoundly pointed out the necessity and significance of learning science and culture. Furthermore, he insisted that talents should be highly valued, and that education should be well developed. On the 120th Anniversary of ZHU De's Birthday, it is necessary and urgent to review his great thoughts. It will practically help to fulfill the great function of science and culture today to promote the construction of the well-off society in an all-round way.


The present paper aims to provide an overview on Kant's dealing with the main theories of causality which were proposed and discussed in his time. The goal is to show that, since the pre-critical period, he has never simply accepted the theories of causality that he could find in second-scholastic sources, but has always tried to develop an original position. Starting from a general acceptance of the theory of the "physical influx", Kant tries to amend this theory, as it had been roughly provided by Knutzen and Crusius. This emendation is carried out through elements coming from the Leibnitian tradition. But neither in this field Kant totally embraces the Wolffian, as well as the Baumgartenian model. The paper tries also to shed light on the way in which the critical conception of space allows Kant to fulfill his original theory of causality as an amended version of the physical influx.


Authors James McDonald: Co-founder and president of Cactus Semiconductor, a fabless semiconductor firm that specializes in custom medical integrated circuits including ASICs used in implantable applications Steven Dean: Global medical market lead for Freescale David Niewolny: Medical segment manager with Freescale's Microcontroller Solutions Group Donnie Garcia: Systems engineer with Freescale's Microcontroller Solutions Group Navjot Chhabra: Manager, redistributed chip packaging operations, research and development. Freescale Packaging Solutions Development


"The variation in the chemical composition of the cement does not allow the use of a single admixture in a standard way, therefore the purpose of this degree work was to evaluate the performance of reducing admixtures (AR3, AR7 and AR40), handlers (AM6, AM67, AM65, AM65H and AM80) and compare it with mixtures formulated in different concentrations of the admixtures (AR40, AM67 and AM65H) for a total of 30 tests since two cements of national manufacturers named P and K were included. Initially the characterization of the components of the mortar, in the cement experimental tests were carried out to determine its density and fluidity, and techniques such as X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence to know its chemical composition. The aggregates were characterized from their density, absorption and granulometry and finally properties of the admixtures were obtained as the percentage of solids, viscosity, density and color. After the characterization the water cement ratio was defined for each type of additive (0.29 in reducers, 0.33 with handlers and mixtures) and the admixture dose to be used (0.17%) in all mortars from the study of the shingles test with the admixture reference AR7.


PPTA-pulp (pulp of phenylene terephthalamid)is one of the differential products of PPTA fiber which is widely used as reinforcements,friction materials,electric insulating paper and so on.This paper mainly reviewed its process of production,structure and properties.The making technique of PPTA paper and problems existed were introduced.


A method was introduced for the determination of anions in Huangpu River and Changjiang River by ion chromatograph produced by DIONEX Company simultaneously and the analysis condition was optimized.The results show that the concentration composition is 3.5 mmol/L Na2CO3 plus 1.0 mmol/L NaHCO3 and the optimization velocity flow was 1.2 mL/min.And every kind of anions can be separate completely under the optimized conditions.The RSD of peak area are from 1.41% to 2.07% and the recoveries are from 100.6% to 104.1%;the correlation coefficient is from 0.999 7 to 0.999 9.The method proves to be high sensitive,accurate and simple.It is adapt to determinate different inorganic anions of ground water.


Sexual reproductive behavior has a necessary social coordination component as willing and capable partners must both be in the right place at the right time. While there are many known social behavioral adaptations to support solutions to this problem, we explore the possibility and likelihood of solutions that rely only on non-social mechanisms. We find three kinds of social organization that help solve this social coordination problem (herding, assortative mating, and natal philopatry) emerge in populations of simulated agents with no social mechanisms available to support these organizations. We conclude that the non-social origins of these social organizations around sexual reproduction may provide the environment for the development of social solutions to the same and different problems.


A differential measurement concept for retrieving the total content of water vapor (IWV, Integrated Water Vapor) along the propagation path between two Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites was proposed by the authors some year ago. The concept is based on the simultaneous measurement of the total attenuation at two relatively close frequencies in the 17-21 GHz range, and on the estimate of the NDSA (Normalized Differential Spectral Absorption) parameter. Such parameter provides directly the IWV content along the LEO-LEO link in case of dry air atmospheric conditions (no liquid water along the propagation path). In this paper we analyze the effects of liquid and solid water on NDSA measurements and how such effects must be accounted for in converting NDSA measurements in IWV. We quantify the effects of liquid water on NDSA measurements in the 10-30 GHz range. We show how NDSA at 30 GHz can be used to check the presence of liquid water and how liquid water influence the conversion in IWV at 17, 19 and 21 GHz. Finally we discuss the possibility to use the NDSA at 30 GHz for estimating directly the liquid water content along the propagation path as well as we propose the conversion of NDSA to IWV in the 17-21 GHz range.


Young children usually love nothing more than to exercise their bodies and use up energy, but are not always given the opportunity to do this. Kairen Cullen explains how good early years practice and positive adult role-models are key to encouraging a healthy life.


Abstract: Due to the late developmental onset of reading, it appears to be more malleable than other cognitive functions. In the present study, German- and English-spoken reading beginners were compared with respect to reading of words with increasingly novel word structure. A clear gradual effect of word novelty was found in English speakers only, while in German pupils a gradual word novelty effect was absent. For German reading beginners rhymed words were more difficult than scrambled words, probably because of the ambiguity of rhymed words being familiar and novel at the same time, with only the word onset distinguishing them from proper words. Another difference was that English speakers showed fast reading routines of familiar and rhymed words, while normally schooled German pupils read familiar words slower. This was different in German children with preschool education, who read familiar and rhymed words at the same speed as British pupils, and novel words even faster. Simultaneously their reading...