This brief was based on the project OER 39/09 JW: Learning for Life, Learning with Fun: Igniting Students' Intrinsic Motivation to Learn in the Classroom.


Community commerce is important component of urban commerce, plan community commerce shouldfollow moderately leading and easy to upgrade , first reflect principle that should fit in with living, it is atpresent a great deal of question during the developing of community commerce,should brand- new communitycommercial system of " modern living square + the terminal station of convenient commercial " , solving thecontradiction different about developer's and operator's interests, it is a kind of mode that can be consideredto develop the commercial investment funds.


from one active fault to another as inferred from the palaeoseismic data in China. Generally speaking, the interval in eastern part of China is much longer than that in the western part, and that around the plate boundary is remarkably shorter than that in the intraplate of China. To consider the reason for the phenomenon, a mechanical model was constructed by the method of finite element numerical analysis to probe into the distribution of elastic strain energy caused by tectonic stress. The procedures to be used in this paper are: (1) to analyze the boundary condition and action pattern of force on the boundary in China and its adjacent areas by geological method, (2) to make inversion of the force acting on the boundary and the tectonic stress field in the region by finite element method based on the criterion of the maximum principal stress direction, (3) to calculate the attenuation of strain energy with the increase of distance apart from the plate boundary. Based on the attenuation pattern, the accumulative range of strain energy is converted to reach a given value (a given magnitude of large earthquake) in different parts of the research region into time or period, which is compared with the known recurrence interval of large earthquake along an active fault zone obtained by palaeoseismic method. The comparison shows that the remarkable difference of large earthquake recurrence interval between plate boundary and intraplate can be well explained by the attenuation pattern of strain energy.


Aim: Effects of fasting on the cadmium-induced inhibition of thyroid function was studied with special reference to hepatic type-I iodothyronine 5'-monodeiodinase (5'D-I) enzyme activity in the adult male mice. Methods and results: Daily subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 , 1.0 mg/kg body weight for 15 days) decreased serum thyroxine (T 4 ) and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) concentrations and hepatic 5'D-I enzyme activity significantly. While thyroid hormone concentrations decreased both in 24-hour- as well as in 48-hour-fasted animals, serum T 3 concentration and hepatic 5'D-I activity were more in the latter group. When cadmium-treated animals were fasted for 24 hours and 48 hours, a further decrease in T 3 concentration and 5'D-I activity were noticed in the former, but not in the latter indicating that one day fasting may aggravate the toxicity in mice, which is overcome by extending the fasting period by another day. Conclusion: When total glutathione (GSH) concentration was studied, changes were parallel to that of T 3 concentration and 5'D-I activity suggesting that the fasting effects may have been mediated through the changes in GSH content.


Structures are found in the diverse spheres of nature and society and, accordingly, in the disciplines that study them. For example, the triangle and the hyperbola are structures. A theorem, an equation, an algorithm, an integral are also structures. Engels wrote about mathematics: "Pure mathematics has as its subject matter the spatial forms and quantitative relationships of the real world." (1) Quantitative relationships and spatial forms are also structures. It is no accident that some Soviet mathematicians (2) today hold that mathematics is the science of structures.


We explore the emerging application area of physics-based simulation for computer animation and visual special effects. In particular, we examine its parallelization potential and characterize its ...


Two new cationic rhodium(I) complexes with a chiral nitrogen-containing BINOL-based diphosphite or phosphonite ligand have been synthesized. Chiral diphosphite was prepared by the reaction of N-phenyldiethanolamine with two equivalents of [(R)-(1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diyl)]chlorophosphite. In its rhodium complex the ligand is bound to the metal via both phosphorus atoms, and a Rh–N interaction is also possible. Synthesis of the chiral phosphonite was achieved by the reaction of 2-(N,N-dimethylaminophenyl)-bis(diethylamino)phosphine with one equivalent of R-BINOL. In its rhodium complex, the ligand is P,N-bonded, forming a five-membered chelate ring. The first complex was applied to hydroformylation of styrene and displayed high activity and chemo- and regioselectivity, but unfortunately no asymmetric induction was found. Both complexes were evaluated in the hydrogenation of prochiral olefins with moderate activities and low enantioselectivities. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Membrane trafficking contributes to the intracellular organization of all eukaryotic cells, and to the specialized functions of many cell types. The membranous compartments of the secretory and endocytic pathways exhibit distinct biochemical properties related to the specific functions that they perform. This intracellular organization is maintained, in part, by transport vesicles that shuttle membrane and soluble cargo from one intracellular compartment to another. In specialized cell types, such as epithelial cells, vesicular trafficking plays an important role in the maintenance of cell-surface polarity that is essential for vectorial transport and secretory functions. Furthermore, the regulation of certain membrane trafficking events, for example, those underlying the regulated secretion of neurotransmitter at the synapse, play important roles in intercellular communication. Clearly, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for membrane trafficking will provide insight into a wide variety of cellular processes. Synaptic transmission involves the stimulation-dependent release of chemical messengers (neurotransmitters) from the presynaptic neuron and the subsequent recognition of these neurotransmitters by specific receptors on the appropriate postsynaptic target cell. The release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve terminal is mediated by a specialized organelle known as the synaptic vesicle. Embedded in the synaptic vesicle membrane are specific transporters, which, in conjunction with the energy generated by a proton pump, are responsible for accumulation and storage of neurotransmitters in the vesicle lumen.' Morphological observations have demonstrated that synaptic vesicles are often tightly associated or docked with the presynaptic plasma membrane in a region known as the active zone.* Upon nerve stimulation, an increase in calcium concentration generated by the opening of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels triggers the rapid fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane.3 This fusion results in the exocytotic release of neurotransmitter. Following neurotransmitter release, the components of the synaptic vesicle membrane are selectively recycled by an endocytic pathway within the nerve terminal to regenerate mature synaptic vesicle^.^ In this review, recent advances in our understanding of the molecular machinery responsible for synaptic vesicle docking and fusion are discussed. Biochemical and molecular biological approaches have proven particularly suitable for the study of the membrane trafficking events that underlie synaptic transm i s s i ~ n . ~ ' This is at least partly due to the abundance of synapses in nervous tissue and the ability to isolate synaptic components by subcellular fractionation. Recent results (discussed in detail below) suggest that synaptic vesicle docking and fusion uses molecular mechanisms that are, in general, conserved with those that underlie constitutive membrane trafficking. Superimposed on this constitutive machinery


An aeroelastic model with generalized dynamic wake is developed for application in the integration of aerodynamic, dynamic, and structural optimization of a rotor blade. The investigation is carried out with special attention to efficiency and accuracy of aeroelastic modeling. Each blade is assumed to be an elastic beam undergoing flap bending, lead-lag bending, elastic twist and axial deflections. The nonuniform blade is discretized into finite beam elements, each of which consists of twelve degrees of freedom. Such important blade design variables as pretwist, and chordwise offsets of the blade center of gravity and of the aerodynamic center from the elastic axis have been included in the analysis. Aerodynamic loads are computed from unsteady blade element theory where the rotor three-dimensional unsteady wake is modeled using a generalized dynamic wake theory. The noncirculatory loads based on unsteady thin airfoil theory are also included.


The composite membranes of zirconium oxide−cellulose acetate were prepared in a two-step procedure combining the phase-inversion method and deposition-hydrolysis technique. The first step allowed the preparation of membranes with different morphologies, and the second step allowed a highly dispersed metal oxide to be deposited on the membranes. The XPS O1s binding energy indicated that the interaction between the oxide and the cellulose matrix is probably of hydrogen bonding type. Phosphate retentions were 75 and 90% for the composite membrane in permeation experiments. The water fluxes for a pressure of 1.7 atm were (3.7 ± 1.7) × 10-2 and (13.0 ± 2.1) × 10-2 mL min-1 cm-2. The membranes are very stable under continuous use. Regeneration of the membrane using NaOH 0.01 M eluent solution did not decrease significantly, ca. 10%, the membrane efficiency. The great advantage of these membranes is the low operational pressure required to obtain high phosphate retention.


Best management practices (BMPs) are commonly used to reduce the adverse effects of post-construction runoff. BMP deterioration happens over time when these age and the infiltration rate decreases as a result of sediment accumulation. The objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of sediment accumulation on BMP stormwater runoff volume reduction performances. The BMPs studied included a bioswale and an infiltration trench. To undertake this research, both field tests and numerical simulations were conducted under five different and single rainfall events with a wide range of intensities and duration. The minimal sediment accumulation of 0.22 kg/m2·year was considered in this study. Three different sedimentation accumulation configurations (i.e., new, 2-year-old, and 10-year-old BMPs) were considered. According to the results, the infiltration trench had 100% runoff reduction efficiency in all conditions including high-intensity rain and 10-year-old BMP age. The performance of the bioswale for the first 2 and 10 years deteriorated by about 55% and 70%, respectively.


Karanda (Carissa carandas L.) is mostly eaten raw and contains numerous phytochemicals and high antioxidant capacity. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the Karanda fruit's developmental stages on its phytochemical contents, antioxidant capacity, and volatile compounds. The study herein examined three developmental stages; unripe, semi-ripe, and ripe, based on their stage of maturity as observed in their color and texture. Phytochemical properties; including pH, titratable acidity, vitamin C contents, total soluble solid, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid content, anthocyanin contents, and antioxidant capacity (determined through FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS) were measured. Our results found significant differences in the phytochemical properties in each stage of development. Ripe fruits had the highest pH, total soluble solid, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity determined by FRAP. Thirteen volatile compounds were identified in the fruit samples: eight compounds within the unripe fruits, nine within the semi-ripe fruits, and seven compounds were present in the fully ripe fruits. Alanine ethyl amide and acetic acid were major volatile compounds found in unripe and semi-ripe fruits, whereas tartronic acid was present in the fully ripe fruit. We may conclude that the ripe stage of development, having the highest phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity, is most suitable for harvest and most beneficial for human health. The information obtained in this study will be useful for the efficient utilization of Karanda fruit


It is well known that the reversibility of Stokes flow makes it difficult for small microorganisms to swim. Inertial effects break this reversibility, allowing new mechanisms of propulsion and feeding. Therefore it is important to understand the effects of unsteady and fluid inertia on the dynamics of microorganisms in flow. In this work, we show how to translate known inertial effects for non-motile organisms to motile ones, from passive to active particles. The method relies on a principle used earlier by Legendre and Magnaudet (1997) to deduce inertial corrections to the lift force on a bubble from the inertial drag on a solid sphere, using the fact that small inertial effects are determined by the far field of the disturbance flow. The method allows for example to compute the inertial effect of unsteady fluid accelerations on motile organisms, and the inertial forces such organisms experience in steady shear flow. We explain why the method fails to describe the effect of convective fluid inertia.


In this study, 23 Salmonella isolates were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from human fecal samples obtained during 2010 from local hospitals and clinical laboratories in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The bacteria were cultured, serotyped and biochemically characterized by the analytical profiling index (API 20E). The invA and hilA gene primers were selected specifically for the detection of Salmonella to amplify a 284 and 845 bp DNA fragments, respectively. Only 3 isolates out of 23 were not identified or typed neither by API 20E nor serological tests. One of these isolates (S5) had 98% sequence similarity with the invA gene sequences of Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2, 14028S and SL1344. The results showed that invA or hilA PCRs specificity was 66.6% compared to API 20E and serology for Salmonella enterica identification in clinical specimens. The PCR assays compared to both biochemical and serological tests were able to specifically detect all of 23 Salmonella isolates (100% sensitivity).

 Key words: Salmonella, analytical profiling index (API 20E), serological tests, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), invA or hilA gene, DNA sequences, clinical specimens.


In order to set up the accurate kinetic model,the welding tube tie-in was regarded as the research object.With the test results,the simulating process was studied so that the model can approach the two test targets,namely the natural frequencies and modes of the structure.And then the main sensitive parameters during the model amendment were analyzed.The results show that the weld thickness of the welded steel pipe,the elastic modulus of the welding line and heat affected zone should be considered as the main parameters in model amendment.


The application of one side automatic welding has contributed to promotion of conveyor process for assembly stage of ship construction.In this process of one side automatic welding, however, it is observed that cracking appears in the center of weld metal mainly near the end of weld joints. To prevent this cracking, many experiments and investigations have been done from the viewpoint of dynamics and metallurgy and many useful methods have been developed and put into practice.Preventing method adopted in actual assembly stage is to restrain the opening displacement of the groove at end of weld joints by sealing bead. In this method, backing bead at end of weld joints is not always complete and has to be repaired.The authors confirmed formerly that end cracking in one side automatic welding occurred in relation between displacement and its rate at end of weld joints. In this paper, it is discussed on the improvement of deformation capacity of weld metal by changing of welding conditions on the basis of their fundamental experiments and it is clarified that the control of displacement and its rate at end of weld joints by means of special device gives vital effect on prevention of this end cracking.This preventing method was applied to actual weld joints in assembly stage. It was confirmed that this method was very useful.


The structure of dibenzo-p-dioxin has been studied by the nematic liquid crystal n.m.r. method. This molecule is solution adopts a folder conformation about the axis connecting the two heteroatoms with an angle of folding of 165.6 ± 2°.


Fluorous solid-phase extraction(FSPE) is a solid-phase extraction technology based on fluorine-fluorine interactions. Retaining on the perfluoroalkyl-functionalized stationary phase, and then eluted with a fluorophilic reagent, the perfluoroalkyl-containing target compound is separated and purified. In recent years, FSPE has been widely used in the enrichment and purification of peptides. However, because peptides normally do not contain highly fluorinated functional groups, attaching such highly fluorinated tags to peptide molecules has become the key to the application of FSPE to peptide analysis. This review summarized and elaborated the strategies and types of introduction of fluorinated affinity tags into peptides, their applications and related technologies in peptide synthesis, purification and enrichment.


Recent progress in the growth and processing of InP-based heterostructures has led to the design of heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with typical cutoff frequencies in excess of 100 GHz and current gains of 50-100. Besides the high frequency performance, the noise properties of the devices are significant for their use in mixers, local oscillators or amplifiers. Extensive studies of noise in AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs have been reported, which suggest that the low frequency noise is often dominated by generation-recombination type of noise due to traps in GaAs. Measurements on InP/InGaAs HBTs have shown lower noise as compared to AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs and evidence for recombination noise due to shallow traps. We present here experimental results on the frequency dependence of noise in InP/InGaAs HBTs from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. The purpose of this work is to identify the significant noise sources and to determine their dependence on external biasing conditions.<<ETX>>


In the past decades, atomically controlled multicomponent nanomaterials have served as platforms to advance the understanding of scientific phenomena along with providing practical solutions for va...


The development of a vaccine would provide an important new tool for the control of human hookworm infection. On the basis of successful vaccination of laboratory animals with living irradiated, third‐stage hookworm larvae (L3), we examined the antibody responses of individuals from hookworm endemic areas of Brazil and China against the most abundant L3 secreted antigens, the ancylostoma secreted proteins, ASP‐1 and ASP‐2. Logistic regression was used to investigate the effects of antibody isotype responses to ASPs on the risk of an individual harboring heavy hookworm infection. A significant protective association was observed between increasing anti‐ASP‐2 IgE levels and the risk of heavy hookworm infection. To confirm that ASP‐2 is a protective antigen, laboratory dogs were immunized with recombinant ASP‐2 formulated with the GlaxoSmithKline Adjuvant, AS03. Sera obtained from the immunized dogs exhibited high geometric mean antibody titers, immunoprecipitated native ASP‐2 from L3 extracts and localized the site of ASP‐2 expression to the glandular esophagus and body channels exiting to the cuticle. The sera also exhibited an increased ability to inhibit migration of L3 through tissue in vitro relative to sera from AS03‐injected controls. Upon L3 challenge, the ASP‐2 vaccinated dogs exhibited significant reductions in fecal egg counts and intestinal hookworm burden. These findings provide strong support for the development of an effective recombinant vaccine against hookworm infection in humans.


Clustering of PAMP-induced transcripts regulated by Arabidopsis MAP kinase phosphatase 1 delineates signaling pathways that are MKP1 dependent and MPK6 dependent and independent, providing a validated set of molecular pathway markers.


Carcinoma of the marginal areas (aryepiglottic fold extension) behaves differently from supraglottic cancer. The majority are T3 and T4 lesions. On a selected basis partial laryngopharyngectomy and neck dissection shows a good survival figure of 62 percent.


This study researched over the 615 effect sizes of 98 studies, the full text of which were provided on the web-site of the National Assembly Library and The National Library of Korea, and Research Information Service System. The selected studies were conducted in Korea from 1993 to 2003 and applied ...


Abstract : The goal of the experiments was to test if the acetylenes could be used to suppress the in vivo growth of P210Bcr-Abl dependent cell lines. The work completed during the funding showed that the acetylene compound K1P which had been shown to suppress the in vitro growth of CML cells which are resistant to imatinib and to inhibit p210Bcr-Abl dependent in vitro CML cell growth at the nanomolar concentrations when combined with imatinib could also suppress the in vivo growth of a P210Bcr-Abl dependent cell line (Baf-1P210Bcr-Abl). These studies also showed that the medium in which the drugs were dissolved must contain 0.1% ethanol to increase the solubility sufficiently to suppress in vivo P210Bcr-Abl dependent cell growth. Finally the presence of serum in the medium used to expose the drugs to the P210Bcr-Abl dependent cells blocked the suppressive activity of the drugs despite the presence of 0.1% ethanol. These data suggested that chemical functionalities which could improve the bioavailability of the drugs in the presence of serum needed to be added to the ester side chain of the acetylene compounds. This work once completed will enable further in vivo toxicity and efficacy studies to proceed.


This chapter centers around the question of whether theism is rational. We begin by discussing different theories of rationality, and introducing some importantly related epistemic concepts and controversies. We then consider the possible sources of rational belief in God and argue that even if these provide some positive support, the fact of religious disagreement defeats the rationality of theism.


Nowadays the capacity of computer's hard disk is becoming larger and larger,the files in which become larger and larger too.It will have a bright prospect for us to develop programs for searching files in computer.In the article,several practical methods are given according to the actual problems and the consideration of programming computers,by using File System Object that VB6.0 offers.


For a Gaussian doped graded base AlGaAs Hetero-junction Bipolar Transistor (HBT), base transit time (BTT) has been determined using a suitable analytical model. Here the authors have investigated the dependency of base transit time on different physical and input parameters such as the collector current density, base emitter voltage etc. Electric field dependent carrier mobility also has been included into the analytic model and found that the base transit time worsens compared to the value found without taken the field dependent mobility into account.


with Euler. The rapprochement with Newton is more convincing in Arnim, who is most interestingly dealt with in chapter five, subtitled "The Galvanic Eye." After chapters dealing with Wordsworth and with Coleridge in relation to Jean Paul and then to Friedrich Schlegel, Goethe returns to figure prominently, if obliquely, in the final one, "Shelley: The 'Traces' oiFaust." The chapters ofThe Damnation of Newton work as self-contained essays linked by related topics and a consistent authorial point of view. Each is stimulating and enjoyable in its own right, and in the aggregate there is much information and insight. That there is no totalizing thesis answering to the titillating title is not to be regretted but appreciated. Burwick provides an exemplary blending of judicious intellectual history and subtle textual interpretation.


Forty-four lakes in the Austrian Alps were studied to examine the influence of catchment characteristics on water chemistry. The lakes are located along an altitudinal gradient (1502–2309 m a.s.l.) in a small study area (35.5 km * 15.5 km) without glaciers. Longitude and latitude accounted for 21.4% of the variation in water chemistry. Bedrock mineralogy explained 14.5% of the variation. Vegetation accounted for 13.2% and slope for 5.5% of the variation in water chemistry. No correlations were found between exposure and water chemistry. Water chemistry appeared to be mainly determined by (1) chemical weathering of carbonate minerals and (2) in-lake productivity. Carbonate minerals were assumed to be present in all watersheds. Trees and shrubs enhanced chemical weathering. Concentrations of chemical parameters indicating physical weathering were high in lakes with large, steep catchments. Steep watersheds were correlated with enhanced nitrogen concentrations in the lakes. In-lake productivity obscured relationships between chemical parameters and catchment characteristics. Nonetheless, catchment characteristics explained 45% of the variation in water chemistry, stressing their importance for water chemistry in mountain lakes.


A novel marine meteorological elements relative humidity sensor is proposed so as to deal with the problem that the land meteorological elements relative humidity sensor can be applied in the marine environment. In order to measure the relative air humidity,a frequency generation circuit based on high precision probe of air humidity and the timer IC is designed.Both a frequency to electric voltage(F / V) transfer circuit and a linearization regulation circuit are designed.The developed circuits realize the linearly transfer from air relative humidity to electric voltage.Through special sensor structure and reliability design,the compatibility of the proposed sensor to the marine environment is realized by special structure and reliability design.The test results show that the proposed marine meteorological elements relative humidity sensor has the characteristics of high precision and good linearity,and can be applied in the marine environment.


. The aim of this paper is to evaluate surface properties of natural temporary teeth from high polluted area by dynamics of balance hydrophil hydrophob in connection with surface analysis type atomic force microscopy (AFM). All the data were discussed in relation with the state of degradation of such teeth, taking into account that teeth are biological archive.


A composite foundation is composed of basic body (soil) and reinforced body(piles),of which basic mechanical properties include micro and macro mechanical properties.At present,study on composite foundation mainly focuses on basic body and reinforced body separately and macromechanaical properties.This article studies the micromechanical properties of composite foundation on transverse isotropic body of taking basic and reinforced body as a whole from micromechanics;and the stress-strain elastic field solution and corresponding elastic parameters are obtained.


A distributed feedback p-substrate partially inverted buried heterostructure (DFB-PPIBH) laser was unproved in the cutoff frequency fc. The measured fc (4.3 GHz) roughly coincided with the calculated value (3.9 GHz). With the modified DFB-PPIBH laser, a good eye pattern was observed under 5Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) modulation.


Previous attitudinal research regarding age has focused solely on adults' attitudes toward children or, more commonly, societal attitudes toward older adults. This study examines a new area of attitudinal research, factors that affect attitudes toward intergenerational exchanges (events) involving young children and older adults. Child and adult daycare professionals were selected as the study group because their practice settings are increasingly popular, contemporary environments for intergenerational exchanges between these two intergenerational partners. The results of regression analyses demonstrate that administrators' attitudes are positively affected by contact with existing intergenerational programming and suggest that future administrators' attitudes may be positively influenced by exposure to intergenerational programs while in graduate and undergraduate programs.


UWB microwave imaging has been demonstrated to have clinical potentials for breast screening. However, existing imaging system either incorporate commercial VNA or simplify the system by sacrificing bandwidth or ADC accuracy. We proposed a system that equips a rotation mechanism to reduce antenna elements and a line laser for skin surface estimation. We demonstrated the feasibility of the system through silica gel based breast phantom.


'Het Nieuwe Telen' offers new insights in the water, energy and assimilate balances to better understand and to grow crop more sustainably and with lower energy use. It wants to reduce peaks in energy consumption. Such peaks can for example occur during dark and windy winter days, when heating is required to maintain temperature. Also, in case screens can not sufficiently insulate, a demand for energy can occur during cold nights. Temperature integration is one of the means to limit peaks in costs of energy consumption. The basic concept is: do not use more energy than necessary at cold moments and cool as little as possible at warm moments. This will call on the long-term plasticity of the crop in terms of growth and development. This study makes an inventory of existing knowledge on temperature integration, in particular over longer periods, from the perspectives of both research and practice, and suggests directions for future development. It pays attention to fruit and other vegetables, green potted plants, flowering potted plants, and cut flowers. It is argued that temperature integration is a good addition to the strategy of 'Het Nieuwe Telen'.


Reformation of Russian Federation Budget System considers the increase of effectiveness and quality of public finance management including the procedure of state order placement. The mechanism for increasing of effectiveness of state purchases and for regulating all the stages of state and municipal orders can be the federal contract system


The deep-water Cape hake, Merluccius paradoxus, is one of two hake species found off South Africa and Namibia. In the past it was assumed that there were separate stocks of M. paradoxus off Namibia, and off the west and south coasts of South Africa, but there were also indications that the assumption might not be true. In this study, the stock integrity of M. paradoxus in the Benguela was investigated using a holistic stock identification approach. The approach involved analyses of the temporal and spatial distribution of M. paradoxus off Namibia and the South African west coast. It also involved an investigation of published characteristics of M. paradoxus such as genetic identification, distribution of eggs and larvae, and of parasites, etc. From this information, it was suggested that the Benguela supports a single stock of M. paradoxus, which spawns on the Agulhas Bank and with nursery areas off the South African west coast and southern Namibia. Adults of the species are widespread throughout the region. If there is a single stock in the Benguela, management strategies and assessment by South Africa and Namibia could need revisiting, for the stock is currently treated as two national entities, and is assessed and managed independently.


In recent years, Mars airplane has been developed as a complete science-focused mission for the deep space exploration. However, the airplane flying in the complicated Mars environments must address some difficult issues that are not encountered for the traditional vehicles on earth. As a result, these issues, which need to be solved, present a large design challenge for Mars airplane. In this paper, the robust adaptive control methods for Mar airplane are put forwards in order to guarantee the flight stability and improve the system robustness under the uncertain flight conditions. First, a longitudinal model of Mars airplane is established according to the different flight altitudes and velocities. Then the dynamic characteristics of this model are analyzed so as to determine the control goals. Afterwards, the robust adaptive control system is designed based on the differential geometry theory and the backstepping method such that the proposed control law can meet the anticipated mission demands. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control systems is verified by using the numerical simulation, and the corresponding results show the flight stability and the track performance can be guaranteed for Mars airplane.


An optical fiber refractive index sensor based on localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonances within resonant subwavelength apertures in a gold film is demonstrated. The excitation of LSPs within the apertures in the film on the optical fiber endfaces provided the basis of a compact refractive index sensor for liquids. A sensitivity of 755 ± 12 nm per refractive index unit was demonstrated for this sensor.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Quantitative Aspects of Information Overload Qualitative Aspects of Information Overload Conclusion A Call for Fundamental Research References Xerox Takes on Information Overload Identifying the Problem Sharing Information Sorting Information Cutting Through the Clutter Life-Saving Software Urban Central Nervous System ]]>


This paper shows that non-convex costs of financial adjustment are important for rationalizing observed investment and financing choices of firms. Using the COMPUSTAT database it first shows firm's financing activity, like investment, can be characterized as lumpy. Financial adjustments are infrequent and a small fraction of observations account for most of the external financing activity. The paper then presents a model which shows that, in the presence of taxes and bankruptcy costs, non-convex costs of investment and financing rationalize observed firm behavior, while non-convexities on investment alone do not. It then shows other predictions of the model are verified empirically: that when issuing debt or equity firms often increase their cash holdings and that when issuing debt or equity but not both, firms 'overadjust', moving beyond their financial targets. The paper also shows financial non-convexities help rationalize the empirically documented convex relationship between investment and mandated investment — the investment that would take a firm to its desired capital stock in the absence of adjustment costs. Finally the paper uses the model to relate firm heterogeneity to the internal financing sensitivity of investment in the standard investment regression. In the model, a firm's higher expected growth rate is associated with a higher coefficient on internal finance, consistent with the empirical relationship between growth and internal finance sensitivities. However, unexpected differences in the rates of growth, the result of different observations of the same stochastic growth process, do not result in internal finance sensitivities consistent with the empirical evidence suggesting a big role for expected growth rates for determining the optimal sources of investment financing.


Th e main aim of this study is to investigate the diff erences between levels of metacognitive self among cul- tural groups. Metacognitive self is a new concept meaning the level of insight into own biases. We focus on individual versus collective societies as well as the core characteristics of the metacognitive self. Our results indicate better self - insight among collectivistic nations such as Vietnam, Japan, China and India in comparison to individualistic countries (USA, England, Spain). We also studied the level of meta- cognitive self among participants from Poland, the country undergoing socio - economic transition from collectivistic to individualistic society. Future studies should expand the investigation to include more collectivistic and individualis- tic nations, and countries undergoing transitions.


Introduction: An occupation becomes a profession once it uses a systematic approach to generate new knowledge and transfer it directly into professional work. The aim of this paper is to show the attitudes of nursing care professionals towards the professionalization of nursing care and make a contribution by means of identifying the factors that are important for the development of the professionalization of nursing in Slovenia. Methods: The group interview technique was used with two rounds. Participants responded to 15 open premises/questions. Purposive sampling was used and groups were comprised of professionals from all levels of clinical environments, secondary and higher education teachers and master's and doctoral degree students (n = 48). Results: The results of the first round produced 3 themes, while the second round generated findings related to 4 themes. The synthesis of the findings from both rounds resulted in two overarching themes. The first is "National responsibility" which includes the responsibility of the nursing care management and the management of higher education institutions as well as the responsibility of the Nurses and Midwives Association of Slovenia for developing nursing care as a scientific discipline. The second theme is "National indicators for the realization of national responsibility" which includes (1) Classification of jobs in nursing care to reflect the 4 levels of nursing care competencies, (2) research and development as work tools in nursing care, and (3) the national institute for nursing care research. Discussion and conclusion: The responsibility for the development of professionalization lies with several sectors. A clear and ambitious vision, and a strategy for the development of nursing care that should include responsibility for setting a new paradigm for the development of nursing care as a response to the needs of the society, occupation and science, are needed. The strategy should be supported by means of a planned distribution of means to facilitate its realisation.


This research work deals with the major implications of modern retailing in Maharashtra state with main objectives to find out economical impact and employment impact on unorganized business, manufacturers, intermediaries due the entry of organized retailers when there is FDI in organized retail in Maharahstra Only four categories of products like A) Clothing, textile, fashion accessories B ) Home appliances, Electronic, electrical equipments C) FoodGrocery, D) Books, Music, Gifts are considered for study. For the study, Geographically Maharashtra state is divided into six regions viz. Mumbai, Nashik, Pune, Aurangabad, Amravati, Nagpur. The study is based on data collected from organized retailers, unorganized retailers, Consumers, intermediaries, manufacturers from all 6 regions of Maharashtra. The retail store formats considered for the study are Supermarkets, Hypermarkets and Discount Stores. Segment wise region wise – year wise data is collected and compiled using questionnaires, interview method for calculating results. The data analysis covers region wise and segment wise economical impact, employment scenario, local business trends, customer perceptions. At the end, the study also tries to bring out impact of technology and on line mode of transactions on customers and retailers. With the stringent competition around & in spite of facing financial constraints, majority of unorganized retailers do not see Loss of sale, Reduction in sale, Reduction in their staff and loss of customers. Various satisfaction factors considered by customers for buying at organized and unorganized retail stores are discussed separately. Segment wise – region


Different systems for plastic sorting, which utilize multiplexed near infrared (NIR) sensors, have been established in the recycling industry, so far. They offer a high spectral resolution and a high dynamic range (16 Bit), so that even the smallest material differences can be detected. Besides identifying standard polymers like PET, PE, PP, PVC and PS these systems can also solve difficult sorting problems like the recognition of PET-bottles with PVCor PP-labels. Belt widths of up to 4 meters are possible and colour sensors can be integrated into the optical systems, easily. A limiting factor is only the reduced spatial resolution because of the maximum number 64 tracks (corresponding 31mm pitch at 2m belt width) and the relatively low scan rate of up to 100Hz. Recently hyperspectral NIR imaging systems, which work without optical multiplexers and handle 256 tracks at scan rates of up to 330Hz, have been developed. However, they have a reduced dynamic range of 12 Bit and detect only the shortwave NIR spectral range up to 1.7μm, which may limit the possible applications. At belt widths of up to 2 meters these new systems can be used for sorting standard plastics as well as plastic flakes >5mm. The article compares the advantages and limitations of both systems and demonstrates the fields of use on the basis of practice-oriented examples.


The aim of the study was to investigate the functional state of the thyroid gland in patients with various forms of candidiasis in order to clarify the possible role of thyroid dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment of candidiasis. 116 patients with candidiasis were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 included 20 children (9 boys and 11 girls) aged from 2 to 15 years with chronic candidiasis of the skin and mucous membranes lasting from 1.5 to 14 years. The 2nd group consisted of 20 patients (5 men and 15 women) aged 16 to 45 years with the same disease lasting from 1 year to 30 years. Group 3 included 44 patients (14 men and 30 women) aged 16 to 55 with candidiasis of the respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract with duration from one year to 16 years. Group 4 included 32 women from 21 to 58 years of age with vaginal candidiasis lasting from one to 20 years. The control group consisted of 21 healthy individuals (8 men and 13 women) aged 25 to 40 years.


Ion chromatography was used to determine the free phosphoric acid in diatomite phosphate catalyst. The relation between catalytic activity with the amount and composition of the free phosphoric acid was studied. The catalyst, composed of 9.12%~ 15.93% H 3PO 4 and 3.85%~4.81 H 4P 2O 7, is of high catalytic activity for propylene oligomerization.


This paper summarizes the proposed "base erosion and anti-abuse tax" ("BEAT") regulations that were released by the Internal Revenue Service and the Treasury Department on December 13, 2018.


Abstract The emergence and rapid spread of carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales represents a serious public health concern. Critically, these global priority bacteria have begun to be reported in companion animals, implying a potential risk of cross‐transmission between humans and pets. Using long‐read (MinION) and short‐read (Illumina) sequencing technologies, we have identified and characterized a hypermucoviscous KPC‐2‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain belonging to the high‐risk international clone ST11/CG258, in a dog with urinary tract infection. Strikingly, the bla KPC‐2 gene was carried by a 54‐kb IncN plasmid assignated to ST15, which shared 99.8 and 96.8% pairwise identity with IncN‐pST15 plasmids from human and environmental K. pneumoniae strains, respectively; all come from an area with high endemicity of KPC‐2. Our findings suggest that IncN‐pST15 plasmids conferring carbapenem resistance can play as important a role as clonal transmission of K. pneumoniae, representing another major challenge for One Health.


Last month, "Inside IEEE" replaced "News of the IEEE." The change in name was in keeping with the new material added to these columns that gives advance information on policy changes under consideration, experimental programs under way, and on other such happenings. "Inside IEEE" is one medium for letting each IEEE member know what is under consideration and what is being tried experimentally — in addition to the usual reporting of meetings and other events. With this new commentary we hope to keep you informed of what IEEE's Board of Directors and other IEEE operating and policy-making units are doing and why.


As society is developing rapidly,people live under varies increasing pressures.Half of our country's ten major diseases are mental disorders; psychiatric nurses are facing new challenges.Now,more and more nursing educators pay close attention to the cultivation of psychiatric nurses,and study the curricula of psychiatric nursing oriented nursing profession.The state of mental illnesses,the present situations of psyehiatric nurses' cultivation at home and abroad,the problems in education of psychiatric nursing oriented nursing profession,setting of curricula and teaching goals are discussed in this article.It's critical for the modem nursing educators to explore reasonable curricula and teaching contents in psychiatric nursing oriented nursing profession.

Key words:
Psychiatric nursing; Professional orientation; Curriculum; Exploration


This article is an analysis of the poetical work Mapurbe venganza a raiz, by David Aninir, whereMapuche ethnic identity is given a new meaning, thanks to a new writing scenary: the city of Santiago in the global era. From this perspective, I examine the experience of globalization for the Mapuche people settled on the margins of the city, a thematic that constitutes a new poetry milestone in the literary fi eld of this ethnic group.


The renewable energy resources such as photovoltaic systems have major role in the development of sustainable energy systems. An efficient controller for standalone photovoltaic system based on fractional calculus is proposed in this work. The power extracted from the PV systems are continuously varies with respect to the dynamic changes of solar irradiance value and climate temperature. Here we introduce a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is which realized with the support of Fractional Order PID (FOPID) controllers to extract the maximum possible power from the Photo Voltaic(PV)modules. The PID controller and FOPID controllers are also ensures the constant dc bus voltage and hence the ac output voltage at become stable. The effectiveness of the controller are compared using various performance time domain specifications like overshoot percentage, rise-time, settling-+time, etc. The various analysis were done under the variation of irradiance and temperature in MATLAB Simulink platform. The FOPID controller give improved performance compare with conventional PID controllers.


In this paper, Doppler radar system is designed, which is composed of oscillator, mixer, LNA, and antennas. The idea of this paper is using reverse circular polarization for bio-detection Doppler radar to selectively receive signals reflected from highly conductive body surfaces. To improve isolation property between transmitter and receiver, we use the bistatic system using LHCP and RHCP antennas. The budget of system is analyzed and the experimental results are discussed.


The present work examines the angiosperm diversity of Bowen University, Iwo. Conventional methods of species enumeration as described by previous authors were employed and a comprehensive record of the existing species compiled. A total of 110 species in 96 genera and 42 families were recorded. Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae were dominant with 10, 8 and 8 species, respectively. The trees also constituted the highest number with 47 species (42.72%). Further findings showed that 84 genera were represented with only 1 species each while others had 2 species each except Ficus with 4 species. This work suggests a look at the posible establishment of arboretum for ex-situ conservation within the study area.


ably worked better in the seminar room. Melehy is indebted to New Historicism, and his title is chosen by analogy with the formalism of Greenblatt's 'cultural poetics', according to which all written and visual traces of a culture can be treated as a coherent network of signs, observable and explainable by the present-day critic. However, Melehy does offer some criticisms here, 'sympathetically and with the aim of suggesting a few correctives' (p. 10): his own study of formal discursive operations will privilege the literary text over other cultural activity as a site of particularly concentrated energy. Du Bellay's destruction of ancient poetry, as it sets the desire for consolidation against the need for poetic expansion, is by its very nature a lively form of creation; Spenser in turn borrows the notion of poetic imitation from the Pléiade in order to effect his own imitative reworking of Du Bellay on time and durability; and Montaigne's 'De l'institution des enfans', 'De la vanité', and 'Des cannibales' find a brisk pleasure in disrupting notions of origin, permanence, and identity. Shakespeare's Sonnets demonstrate their relationship with Spenser's translation of Du Bellay, while Julius Caesar's investigation of constancy and The Tempest's debt to 'Des cannibales' complete a circle of 'mutual regards and intermeshings' (p. 12). All these texts, states Melehy, are simulacra, in a sense of the term that he borrows from Deleuze: they are images whose relation to their model calls into question any notion of stable representation. The works under discussion display a continual interest in a venerated past in order to bring about all the more effectively a break with it, thereby recognizing and engaging with their own movement towards the future. The leaps and bounds in argumentation that come along with Melehy's own critical energy are at times stimulating, but also a source of frustration. There is no overall conclusion, the secondary bibliography is overwhelmingly North American (Terence Cave's Pré-histoires is one notable omission), and the book tends throughout to come across as hastily written, hastily proofread, and hastily produced.


This paper presents a new approach for the integrated power grid modeling and analysis. A loop-based inductance model is used to simplify the package and on-chip circuit model. A more accurate on-chip load model is created for current and future IC processes.


Objective,This study was designed to evaluate the predictive value of pre-procedure Cardiac troponin I(cTnI)and CRP levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methotis cTnI and CRP were determined on admission in 335 consecutive patients with ACS who underwent primary PCI.Blood samples were obtained within 6-10 h after onset of symptom.The concentration of cTnI was determined by an automated chemiluminescence immunoassay.CRP was measured by immunoassay assay.According to the admission cTnI(<0.1,0.1-0.5,>0.5μg/L)and CRP(≤3,>3 mg/L)divided into different groups.The pre-procedure cTnI and CRP status associated with 30 days cardiac mortality and major adverse cardiac events(MACE.including cardiac death.non-fatal recurrent MI.heart failure.readmission for any reason)were analyzed.The cardiac mortality at follow.uD period of 2 years were analyzed.Results Muhivariate logistic regression analyses revealed preoperative cTnI predicted 30 days cardiac mortality(OR=3.5,95%CI 2.2-5.3,P<0.01),and recurrent MI rate(OR=1.5,95%CI 1.1-2.6,P<0.05),independent of other known prognostic factors such as age,gender,hypertension,Hypercholestemlemia,diabetes and smoking.The pre-procedure CRP was independently related to 30 days cardiac mortality(OR=1.6,95%CI 1.1-2.3.P<0.05),whereas there was no relationship to the MI rate.In ACS,levels of CBP≤3 mg/L,the three different risk groups (cTnI<0.1,0.1-0.5,>0.5μL)with corresponding 30 days MACE rates of 4.3%,11.7%,18.8%(X2=4.829,P=0.028),CRP>3 mg/L,the three groups mth corresponding 30 days MACE mtes of 5.5%,13.2%,21.1%(X2=5.862,P=0.015),respectively.Patients were followed up for 2 years,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced survival at 2 years in patients witll a cTnI >0.5μg/L(80.0%versus 89.1%for a cTnI of 0.1-0.5μg/L and versus 92.2%flor cTnI<0.1μg/L;X2=7.571,P<0.05 by log-rank).Conclusions The levels of CRP and cTnI in Acs of onset in 6-10 h provide an even better risk stratification after the PCI.and closely correlate with 30 days MACE.Elevated cTnI provides long-term prognostic information regarding cardiac mortality.Therefore.The combination of CRP and cTnI measurement should be taken into consideration for risk stratification to decide about the management strategies in ACS patients.

Key words:
Cardiac troponin I;  C-reactive protein; Peroutaneous coronary intervention


The oA genesis and early development of the eggs of free liv ing copepods has been studied by several investigators princi pally Hacker and RA1⁄4ckert. The former (†92,†? 95) has described the maturation processes in Cyclops, Can/liocamptus and several other species. RA1⁄4ckert (†@@.) studied the polar-body formation in Cyclops, Heterocope and Diaptomus. •? The development of the eggs of parasitic copepods has also received the attention of em bryologists (McClendon, †? 06). As far as I have been able to learn none of these investigators has reported the presence of polar rays in the mitotic figure of the first maturation division. Riickert (†@@) maintains that the centrosomes of the first maturation spindle (Cyclops) have an intra-nuclear origin; they pass to either end of the nucleus, but no polar rays were reported. Hacker (†@@) in Cantliocamptus stap/zylinus figures a spindle with chromosomes arranged in an equatorial plate lying entirely within the nuclear membrane of an oA¶gonium which is undergoing its last division. Here also no astral fibers are evident. Parasitic copepods apparently do not depart from this rule for McClendon (†o6)tells us that in Pan darns sinuatus the first maturation figure is "? similar to that found in free living copepods having no polar rays.― Centrosomes originate within the nucleus in the spermatocytes of Ascaris meg alocepleata, var. univatens (Braiier, †? 93) but wander outside of the membrane before the astral fibers appear. This is apparently the order of events in the half-dozen other cases where an intra nuclear origin of the centrosomes has been asserted. While collecting Hydra with Mr. C. T. Vorhies during the month


Clubbing developing in early infancy in association with severe lung disease arising in the neonatal period has not previously been described. We wish to present such a case


Head gestures such as nodding and shaking are often used as one of human body languages for communication with each other, and their recognition plays an important role in the advancement of human-computer interaction. As head gesture is the continuous motion on the sequential time series, the key problems of recognition are to track multi-view head and understand the head pose switch. This paper presents a novel approach to recognize the nod and shake in the interactive computer environment. First, head poses are detected by multi-view model (MVM) and then hidden Markov model (HMM) are used as head gesture statistic inference model for gesture recognition. Experimental results show that the approach is effective and real time.


Abstract Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis are distinct diseases associated with granulomatous large vessel vasculitis. They present with constitutional symptoms such as fatigue, anorexia, weight loss and fever. In addition, there are specific symptoms related to inflammation and ischaemia in the territory of the affected vessels. In giant cell arteritis which usually occurs in people over age 50 the extracranial arteries are most often involved. In Takayasu's arteritis, which usually occurs in people under age 40, the aorta and its branches are the main sites affected. Ischaemia or aneurysm formation are responsible for the clinical features. Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a clinical syndrome that may precede GCA. As with GCA and Takayasu's arteritis there is a high acute phase response but there is no diagnostic test. In GCA and Takayasu's arteritis the diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy and angiography respectively. In PMR the classical limb girdle pain, stiffness and constitutional upset respond dramatically to low dose steroids. For GCA and Takayasu's arteritis, high dose steroids are required to prevent permanent damage, and cytotoxic agents may need to be considered.


In artificial intelligence research, agent-based systems technology has been hailed as a new paradigm for conceptualizing, designing, and implementing software systems. Agents are sophisticated computer programs that act autonomously on behalf of their users, across open and distributed environments, to solve a growing number of complex problems. Increasingly, however, applications require multiple agents that can work together. A multi-agent system (MAS) is a loosely coupled network of software agents that interact to solve problems that are beyond the individual capacities or knowledge of each problem solver. There are many such real time applications which are very complex and beyond the scope of individual problem solver such as computer games simulation, population explosion problem, simulation of share market trading, aircraft maintenance, electronic book buying coalitions, military demining, wireless collaboration and communications, supply-chain management, joint mission planning and electronic commerce (online trading). The paper aims at developing a agent based architecture for supporting online trading using the multi agent systems platform. The present work has successfully implemented one such agent based environment for online fruit trading comprising of broadly three agents. This case study describes the implementation of a sample marketplace application called 'Fruit Market'. The objective is to enable the market participants to electronically trade tasty fruit over a network via their agents. Once we have a specification, the desired system can be situated within a domain that contains similar features and challenges. As the agents will exhibit trading behavior it is obvious that this application is best situated within the Multi-Agent Trading domain. This domain contains two role models: Distributed Marketplace and Institutional Auction, hence the next step is to consider which roles from the domain's role models best fit our specification. The details of selection of roles and responsibilities and implementation of agent architecture are discussed in the paper.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Brazilian opportunistic screening programs for cervical cancer have limited impact. In the regions of two cities (Campinas and Curitiba) with high human development indices, consistent information from 96-97% of all cervical cancer cases managed within the public healthcare system is available. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rate (IR) and temporal trends in these regions, covering 2001-2012. DESIGN AND SETTING: A population-based cohort study was conducted under the assumption that all cervical cancer cases were managed in cancer referral center hospitals. METHODS: 3,364 records (1,646 from Campinas; 1,718 from Curitiba) were analyzed to provide estimates of IR, age-standardized IR (ASR) and cervical cancer trends (shown per 100,000 women/year). Longitudinal patterns were analyzed using linear regression and shown as annual percentage change (APC); P < 0.05 for significance. RESULTS: Annual IR and ASR estimates for cervical cancer ranged from 3.8 to 8.0 over 2001-2012, decreasing over more recent years, and were similar for the two regions. The age-specific IR was about 50% lower among women aged 45 years or older (IR-2001/IR-2012: Campinas = 14.8/8.0; Curitiba = 18.7/8.3; P < 0.001). There was an increasing APC trend in Campinas among women aged 15-24 years, and a decreasing IR trend for squamous-cell histology in both regions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Cervical cancer incidence estimates showed slowly decreasing trends in both regions, most evidently for women aged 45 years or older and for squamous-cell histology. These findings reflect the opportunistic nature of the population screening program, despite the comparatively high economic development level in the two regions.


Goods retailer without a change in the (department stores, supermarkets, convenience stores, etc.) in the cart or POS (Point of Sale) terminals conveniently without directly supporting the purchase basket that using an order terminal order to buy goods, and installed in existing products distributor It relates to a product ordering and receipt of the control system and method to interface with the different order device and the POS terminal, for reading the product information attached to the shelf or items in the store, and generates an order based on the read-out products order terminal; Relaying the data conversion for the order information generated by the ordering device to the format of the POS terminal installed in the shop hub; POS terminals for generating a list of orders to the order receiving information generated from the order terminal in association with the relay hub and generating payment information; And product selling means which receives the list of orders and the payment information in association with the POS terminal, to change the list of the list of orders received in association with the ordering terminal, and transmits the payment information to a payment to the POS terminal and order terminals and, the implementation of the order and receipt of goods control system including.


Background Although changes in left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, and global circumferential strain occur during cancer treatment, the relationship of these changes to the 2‐year post–cancer‐treatment measures of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) are unknown. Methods and Results In a prospective, continuously recruited cohort of 95 patients scheduled to receive potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy for breast cancer, lymphoma, or soft tissue sarcoma, measures of left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, LVESV, global circumferential strain, and LVEF were acquired via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging before and then 3 and 24 months after initiating treatment by individuals blinded to all patient identifiers. Participants had an average age of 54±15 years; 68% were women, and 82% were of white race. LVEF declined from 62±7% to 58±9% over the 24 months (P<0.0001), with 42% of participants experiencing a >5% decline in LVEF at 24 months. Predictors of a 24‐month >5% decline in LVEF included the following factors from baseline to 3 months into treatment: (1) >3‐mL increases in LVESV (P=0.033), (2) >3‐mL increases in LVESV or 10‐mL declines in left ventricular end‐diastolic volume with little change in LVESV (P=0.001), or (3) ≥10% deteriorations in global circumferential strain with little change in LVESV (P=0.036). Conclusion During receipt of potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy, increases in LVESV, the absence of its deterioration during decreases of left ventricular end‐diastolic volume, or the deterioration of global circumferential strain without a marked decrease in LVESV help identify those who will develop more permanent 2‐year declines in LVEF.


With the development of computer network, the teaching mode and teacher's role have made great changes. This paper discusses the character of the network teaching, analyzes the teacher's role in network teaching, and ways to transform role and ego orientation according to it.


Advanced ceramics markets have been growing steadily in the 1990s, despite the fact that the cuts in U.S. military programs affected some of the anticipated demand in this decade. Many commercial and consumer-related applications such as computers and telecommunication equipment have been growing rapidly, contributing to the growth, particularly in the electronics ceramics area. In addition, ceramics used in environmental-related applications are expected to grow at a rate above the overall growth rate of advanced ceramics. The paper highlights the technical and economic analysis of advanced structural ceramics, electronic ceramics, chemical processing and environmental-related ceramics, and ceramic coatings for high performance applications. Markets have been projected till the year 2002. Also, the dynamics of the U.S. advanced ceramics industry and foreign competition are described.


The development of society is highly dependent on energy. However, the extensive use of power causes global problems such as resource exhaustion and climate warming. China and India are typical fast-growing developing countries whose economic advancement relies on traditional energy consumption. To realize the vision of sustainable development for these states, it is necessary to study the nations' economic efficiency of power use. Based on the analysis of energy consumption and gross domestic product trends in China and India from 1990 to 2019, this paper discusses the changes in the energy consumption index per unit of gross domestic product. The authors concluded that the power consumption in China and India is mainly concentrated in the industry, residential, and transport sectors. Divided by resource types, the energy consumed by China comes primarily from coal, oil products, and electricity, while the power consumed by India is mainly from coal, oil products, biofuels and waste. Since both countries mostly use coal and oil products which belong to fossil fuels, they emit large amounts of carbon dioxide, endangering the environment quality. Given this, China and India should focus on green power development. China's total energy consumption is much larger than India's, and China's gross domestic product is much larger than India's. However, China's energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product is less than India's. The higher the energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product is, the higher the dependence of economic development on energy is. The authors' suggestions are to develop non-fossil energy sources and adjust the energy mix, recycle solid wastes, and encourage carbon trading, climate investment and financing in the states to reach sustainable development targets.


Abstract : Emphasis was placed on research on the preparation of Cd3As2, Zn3As2, and their alloy system. Successful growth of sound, single crystal ingots of the alloy system by the Bridgman technique was achieved. Successful epitaxial growth of Cd3As2 layers on alloy substrates was also achieved. The response of the InSb free electron (Rollin Detector) was extended into the 120 to 200 micron spectral region. By using high purity InSb intentionally doped with Se it was found that Rollin detectors usable at wavelengths as short as 80 microns could be obtained. The study of the magnetically tuned InSb detector was continued. It was found that operation in the longitudinal direction generally resulted in a detector having such a large noise that it was not usable. For a detector in the transverse configuration it was found that the responsivity for the high energy peak was consistent with the calculated responsivity based on a bolometer mechanism for this detector. It was found that the negative magnetoresistance effect in InSb was not dependent upon the lattice temperature but only upon the electron temperature of the sample. A copy of a paper entitled 'Magnetooptical Studies of Solids Using Fourier Transform Spectroscopy' by R. Kaplan is included as an appendix.


The aim of this study was to describe the impact of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP) on parents and to investigate the effect of the severity of OBPP and the age of the children on parents.


Simple Summary Mucosal melanoma accounts for only about 1% of all melanoma cases worldwide, but achieving the correct recognition, diagnosis and prognosis is of extreme importance for the patient. Moreover, primary melanoma of the urinary tract is a rarity among rarities, accounting for less than 4% of all the mucosal melanomas. The urethra is the most common location for this type of melanoma, followed by the bladder and ureter with decreasing incidences. Patients with this form of melanoma are usually elderly (over 60 years) and asymptomatic or have hematuria symptoms. Compared to other mucosal melanomas, there is not much knowledge of the risk factors, etiology, and molecular characteristics of urological melanoma. In addition, there are no uniform staging systems or treatment protocols available for this disease. A thorough knowledge of the existence and management of this disease entity is essential to allow research advances in this area and, in particular, to devise innovative therapies. In this paper, we focus in detail on melanoma originating from the uropoietic apparatus, discuss the cases reported in literature of this very rare and still partially enigmatic melanoma subclass, and consider the scenario leading to metastasization to neighboring organs. Abstract Melanoma is reported as the 19th most common cancer worldwide, with estimated age-standardized incidence rates of 2.8–3.1 per 100,000. Although the origin is most frequently cutaneous, mucosal melanoma has been described several times in literature, and despite its rarity (only 1% of all melanomas), increasing attention is being paid to this disease form. Within this subgroup, melanomas of the uropoetic apparatus are a rarity among rarities. Indeed, less than 50 cases of primary melanoma originating from the urinary bladder have been described, and even less originating from the kidney, renal pelvis and urethra. In this work, we present a detailed review of the literature related to this subclass of mucosal melanoma, delve into the biological landscape of this neoplasm and discuss current approaches, future perspectives and potential therapeutic approaches.


Background: One of the most important tasks at the initial stage of treatment of patients with primary insulin resistance is a decrease in body weight, which means a decrease in the amount of food consumed. Patients rarely manage to cope with this task independently, and drug therapy does not always provide sufficient effect. Methods: Patients (42 people) aged 38.4 ± 2.0 years, body mass index (BMI) 32.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2. Two groups of observation were formed: group 1 (20 people) received reflexotherapy using special corporal and auricular points and a hypocaloric diet. Patients of the 2nd group (22 people) were given only a diet was studied: BMI, the ratio of WC/HC, HOMA-IR index, insulin and C-peptide. ELISA (Labor Diagnostica NORT Serotonin RESEARCH ELISA, Germany) determined serotonin in serum. The reflexotherapy procedures included daily corporal and auricular acupuncture. Results: Based on the results of their own research, it has been shown that the use of reflex therapy using special corporal and auricular points with obese patients contributes to serotonin in the blood serum and leads to rapid satiety during eating. This allows patients to observe a low caloric diet at the initial stage of treatment. It is also shown that the increase in serotonin in the serum is statistically significant only when the combination of the therapeutic diet with reflex therapy, but not in the case of exclusively dietary correction. Conclusion: The use of reflexotherapy with the use of special corporal and auricular points promoted the increase of serotonin in the blood serum and led to rapid satiety during eating. This allowed patients to observe a hypocaloric diet at the initial stage of treatment.


Abstract : The document discusses a series of 11 lectures on differential games presented at Stanford University in the fall of 1969 by the Russian Mathematician L. Pontryagin. The lectures are specifically devoted to the pursuit-evasion problem.


As it was revealed, the greater part of the human genome is represented by non-coding sequences. They also include long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). SRA1 is one of its representatives. This lncRNA affects steroid hormones receptors by activating their transcriptional activity. Thereby, SRA1 can be involved in pathogenesis of steroid-responsive tissues tumors.


The Arbitration Mechanism of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes. by Moshe Hirsch Published by Martinus Nijhoff, Dordrecht (1993, xiv + 264 pp, incl. Contents, Appendices, Bibliography and Index ). Hardback. Price £66, US$100; Df1165.

ICSID Reports. Vol. 1. ed. by R. Rayfuse; consulting editor E. Lauter-Pacht. Published by Grotius Publications Ltd, Cambridge (1993 xxiv + 727 pp, incl. Contents, Digest of Cases, Chronology of Disputes, Bibliography, Index ). Hardback. Price UK £150.00; US$285.00

The International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes was created by the 1965 Convention on the Settlement of Disputes between States and nationals of other States with the aim of encouraging foreign investments by providing investors and host States with a mechanism for resolving disputes between them. Since the Centre was founded, its arbitration tribunals and ad hoc committees have produced just over 30 awards and decisions which, despite their relatively small number, have demonstrated the value of the Convention and made a significant contribution to international law. The volumes under review are both concerned with the work of the Centre and will be valuable additions to the library of anyone with an interest in this area.

Hirsch's book is an introduction to the Convention's arbitration arrangements and, although quite short, covers its main features, together with the way in which it has been used and developed in practice, in a systematic and quite detailed way. A brief survey of the role of arbitration in international investment disputes is followed by an outline of the Convention and a review of the structure and functions of the Centre in which the author explains why it was set up, focusing in particular on the arbitration mechanism with its many distinctive features. Like …


The article investigates the semantic content of the Russian lexeme happiness and the German Gluck. By means of the component analysis, the specifics of their semantics is explicated and the features of similarity and difference are revealed. The comparative study of their semic composition cognitive and emotional constituents of happiness as the image of language cognition of the Russians and Germans is being carried out.


The invention provides an adjustable leg rest for a toilet bowl, and relates to a leg rest for a toilet bowl. A ferrule (15) is arranged on the lower portion of the toilet bowl in a sleeving mode, one side of the ferrule (15) is connected with two stand pipes on one side of the toilet bowl through a connecting rod (19), the two sides of a sleeve (9) are arranged on the upper portions of the two stand pipes in a penetrating mode, one side of a length adjusting rod (8) is movably arranged in the sleeve (9) in a penetrating mode, and a shaft sleeve (7) arranged at the end of the other side of the length adjusting rod (8) is connected with a lower shaft (6) which is arranged beneath a U-shaped support (5) arranged on one side of the front portion of the toilet bowl. According to the adjustable leg rest for the toilet bowl, the U-shaped support with adjustable length and height is utilized for containing shanks of a person whose legs cannot be turned, and defecation of a person with leg disability is convenient.


Abstract The retentostat was developed for long-term continuous, axenic cultivation of microorganisms at those low growth rates which prevail in most natural habitats and which cannot be established properly in chemostats. How a microbial population approaches 'zero-growth' was studied in axenic cultures of Nitrosomonas europaea with complete biomass retention at 25°C and constant input of a nutrient solution containing ammonium (0.57 mM) as energy source. Since only cell-free filtrate left the reactor, biomass accumulated until a stable maximum of 2.7 × 10 9 cells ml −1 (398 mg l −1 dry matter) was reached after about 5 weeks. In this state, growth rate approached zero, and the ammonium input just met the substrate demand required for maintenance energy (1.43 μmol NH 3 N mg dm −1 h −1 ). The potential of the retentostat for studying interactions between different microorganisms was demonstrated with a cascade of cultures of Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter , and a denitrifying Pseudomonas . Thereby the ammonia was completely eliminated from artificial wastewater.


Korczyn: Professor Roses, first, does ApoE genotype relate to cognitive decline or pathological change in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)? They are certainly closely linked but they are not identical, because patients can develop severe pathological alterations without being demented. Second, because the positive predictive value is 100%, theoretically, a patient with ApoE4 cannot develop any other dementing disease.


Asynchronous and Synchronous languages have been in use for the specification of reactive systems. One of the main distinguishing features of these two classes lies in the way nondeterminism is used for the specification of programs. In this paper, we formally analyze these two classes from this point of view by comparing the asynchronous language CSP with the synchronous language Esterel. The synchronous language Esterel is based on the notions of determinism, input nondeterminacy and parallelism whereas CSP is built on the notions of nondeterminism, concurrency and distribution. The main objectives of the study are to assess:

1.

The role of nondeterminism in the specification of the behaviour and realization of programs: A clear distinction between local and global nondeterminism enables us to distinguish between the implementational nondeterminism and environmental or input nondeterminism. The results in this direction would enable one to achieve observable determinism where the implementational choices can be hidden and thus, analyze the program behaviour with reference to the real environmental nondeterminism in the specification. This in turn leads to a proper refinement of specifications and programs and also aids in deriving distributed implementations of finite state transition systems which are not necessarily deterministic.

2.

The implementability of asynchronous languages through synchronous languages: The synchrony hypothesis of the synchronous languages makes it closer to a perfect machine. Thus, the implementability of asynchronous languages in synchronous languages not only provides a realistic implementation but also provides other higher level abstractions (such as multi-process interactions) for reactive specifications using features such as broadcast, interrupts, exception handling mechanisms etc.


© 2012 The Johns Hopkins University Press DVD Chronicle: The Killers, directed by Robert Siodmak (Criterion Collection, 2003); Rashomon, directed by Akira Kurosawa (Criterion Collection, 2002); Stagecoach, directed by John Ford (Criterion Collection, 2010); It Happened One Night, directed by Frank Capra (Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2008); Rear Window, directed by Alfred Hitchcock (Universal Studios Home Entertainment, 2009); Lady with the Dog, directed by Iosif Kheifits (Facets, 2008, out of print, but available on Netflix); Romance with a Double Bass, directed by Robert Young (White Star, 2003); Dead of Night, directed by Alberto Cavalcanti, Charles Crichton, Basil Dearden, and Robert Hamer (available from Amazon.com Instant Play or on Netflix); Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, directed by Vittorio De Sica (Lorber Films, 2011).


To improve the mode switching quality of the power-split hybrid electric vehicle (PS-HEV), a compound torque coordinated control strategy is proposed. Aiming at the problem of engine dynamic response lag, the engine real-time torque estimator is designed, and then the torque ripple at the output end of the power coupling mechanism is reduced through the basic motor torque compensation. On this basis, considering the existence of non-ideal communication networks in actual vehicle control systems, the tremendous impact of communication network time delay and interruption on the mode switching stability and vehicle fuel consumption has been deeply revealed. Then the compound coordinated control strategy including the BP-smith predictive controller, motor torque change rate limiting module, network transmission mechanism with fixed communication priority and fault-tolerant torque coordinated control module is put forward and verified by simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test. The results show that the compound coordinated control strategy could still guarantee the system stability, mode switching smoothness and vehicle fuel economy under the interference of stochastic communication delay and interruption.


"Fallen" consists of sixty individual steel and felted wool bone sculptures displayed on pine planks elevated four inches above the floor.

"Mark L. Combs: DOB 10/31/1967" is a video projection displaying both a continuous clock and a countdown clock. The continuous clock starts on "10/31/1967" and displays time in years, months, days, hour, minutes and seconds that the artist "Mark L. Combs" has been alive. The countdown clock is counting the number of years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds to the artists estimated (theoretical) time of death at age 78. This display is achieved through the commercially available phone application entitled "Last Day," and was projected using a standard projection system.

"Baby Doe: DOB 04/15/2019" is a video projection with the same information as described above. In this case a fictitious character born on the day the show "SIC TRANSIT GLORIA MUNDI…Thus Passes the Glory of the World" opened with a countdown to a theoretical death at age 75.

"Reflection" is a sculptural collection of ten steel bones resting in glass cylinders with one pound of ground steel resting in the bottom. The cylinders are housed in mahogany cabinets two feet high and one foot wide and are illuminated with LED lights from within. The ten cabinets are wall mounted with ten "funerary" chairs facing them six feet away.


A cannonball is, of course, a weapon. It is also, in swimming, a dive, or, perhaps better, the artless opposite of a dive: in competitive diving the goal is to enter the water vertically, smoothly, without disturbing the surface; the goal of the cannonball is to disturb the water—and the other swimmers and, if you're good, the people lounging around the pool—as much as possible. Joseph McElroy's new novel Cannonball opens with what the narrator, a serious but slow on the uptake teenager named Zach, calls "the mother and brother of all cannonballs," launched by his soonto-be friend, Umo, an enormous, fourteen-year-old, Mexican? Chinese?, homeless, illegal immigrant:


AIM: To establish a new kinetic model of hydrating swelling and to make experiments of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Rhubarb) designed to validate this model. METHODS: The model was set up according to kinetics, residul water analysis was adopted to measure Rhubarb's sakage, and then obtained the fittin curve and kinetic parameters, its goodness of fit was evaluated by analysis of variance. RESULTS: Hydrating swelling model of the vegetable herb had a form of multivariate first order linear differential equation. Rhubarb comformed to three compartment model with α = 0.3241min -1 , β = 0.0185min -1 , π=5.659×10 -3 min -1 , V ∞ T =1.726mL·g -1 , V ∞ 1 =1.008mL·g -1 , V ∞ 2 =0.2814mL·g -1 V ∞ 3 =0.4366mL·g -1 ,K= 0.2186min -1 ,K 12 =0.02426min -1 ,K 21 =0.07422min -1 ,K 13 =6.402×10 -3 min -3 ,K 31 =0.02481min -1 . CONCLUSION: The kinetic model of hydrating swelling has been in accordance with quantitative changes with multivariate first order linear mammary.


omies."1 As this statement indicates, it is efficiency, not competition, that is the ultimate goal of the antitrust laws. One of the senior economists of the Justice Department's Antitrust Division put it very well recently: "efficiency is the goal, competition is the process."2 When the competitive process is allowed to run its course unfettered by exclusionary practices or anticompetitive agreements among firms the incentive of firms to lure away rivals' customers by offering them lower prices, superior quality, or new product features will necessarily lead these firms to seek more


Cesarean section is usually performed under spinal anesthesia, but spinal anesthesia can result in hypotension, which may cause adverse effects in mothers and infants. The current study explored whether the perfusion index (PI), pleth variability index (PVI), heart rate, and parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) measured before the induction of spinal anesthesia could predict hypotension during cesarean section, which would give clinicians an opportunity to take preventive measures. This prospective, observational study enrolled pregnant women scheduled to undergo elective cesarean section at the Yokohama City University Hospital in Yokohama, Japan, between November 2011 and September 2013. Eligible subjects had a gestational age of at least 36 weeks and no pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, arrhythmia, preeclampsia, total placenta previa, or body mass index (BMI)>36 kg/m. Upon arrival in the operating room, subjects underwent noninvasive blood pressure measurements, electrocardiography, and pulse oximetry. Preanesthetic PI, PVI, heart rate, low-frequency to high-frequency (LF-to-HF) ratio, and entropy were measured for 3 minutes in a supine position, after a 2-minute resting period. The parameters were recorded at 10-second intervals, which were averaged to define their respective preanesthetic values. In addition, noninvasive blood pressure was measured every minute between spinal injection and delivery. For the purpose of the study, hypotension was defined as systolic blood pressure <80mm Hg after spinal anesthesia. Hypotension was treated immediately with 8mg intravenous ephedrine. Rescue ephedrine was administered for safety reasons if the patient exhibited clinical signs of cerebral hypoperfusion (such as dizziness, nausea, or vomiting) even if blood pressure was >80mm Hg. These patients comprised the hypotensive group. Unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher exact test were used to compare patient characteristics, neonatal outcomes, and preanesthetic values of each parameter between parturients who developed hypotension and those who did not. Associations between hypotension and age, height, weight, abdominal circumference, PI, PVI, heart rate, LF-to-HF ratio, and entropy were analyzed using logistic regression. The optimal preanesthetic value of the final model was determined using the gray zone method, in order to minimize the risks of misclassification of hypotension. Of 95 patients initially enrolled, 81 completed the study. Hypotension occurred in 63% of patients (n=51). Although the preanesthetic heart rate was significantly higher in the hypotensive group, the PVI and PI did not differ between groups. Parturients who developed hypotension tended toward a higher LF-to-HF ratio and lower entropy, but not to a degree that reached statistical significance. Heart rate was the only independent factor identified by logistic regression as a predictor of hypotension. Gray zone analysis found that the lower and higher limits of the gray zone for heart rate were 71 and 89 bpm, respectively; 61% of parturients (n=49) were in the gray zone. The risk of hypotension among parturients whose preanesthetic heart rate was >73 bpm was 75%. The gray zone analysis was successful in identifying with high certainty the remaining 40% (who were not in the gray zone) who would or would not develop hypotension during cesarean section, information that may be more clinically relevant than a simple cut-off value.


Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between students' perceptions of online discussions, participation and e-moderation behaviours in peer-moderated asynchronous online discussions. Using survey data, the learning system's activity log and discussion transcripts, the authors analysed how 84 learners' perceptions of online discussions influenced their participation and e-moderation behaviours. The results showed that Cognitive and Skill II (critical thinking skills) perceptual aspects significantly influenced the quantity posting and participation patterns. Meanwhile, Skill I (reading and writing skills) and Efficacy were critical factors that influenced quantity non-posting participation. It was also found that the perceptual aspects significantly influenced learners' e-moderation behaviours to the extent that Affection and Efficacy were critical factors that influenced lower-level e-moderation supports, while Cognition, Affection and Skill II were critical factors that influenced higher-level e-moderation supports. All e-moderation supports were found to be correlated with peers' quantity posting and participation patterns, except for Access and motivation support.


The phase transitions of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (α-HH) in KCl solutions were studied at (80 to 105) °C under atmospheric pressure in an attempt to estimate the metastability of α-HH and to sketch out the routes for α-HH's hydration, dehydration, or recrystallization. The crystal water content and morphology of the product during the reaction period were comprehensively examined. It was found that the metastability of α-HH heavily relied on KCl concentration and temperature. The phase transition of α-HH is successfully outlined as a function of KCl concentration and temperature. Calcium sulfate dihydrate (DH) is stable in region I and metastable in region III. Anhydrite (AH) is stable in regions III and IV and coexists with goergeyite. HH is metastable in only region II. The results show that α-HH tends to hydrate or dehydrate in KCl solution, but there is still a narrow metastable region for α-HH crystallization in which KCl concentration and temperature are strictly limited.


Probabilistic packet marking (PPM) has been proposed for the identification of the source of a denial of service (DoS) attack (Savage, S. et al., Proc. ACM SIGCOM, p.295-305, 2000). PPM is based on marking packets with a fixed probability by all routers. However, using a fixed marking probability allows a large number of packets to reach the victim unmarked, which can be spoofed to impede traceback. Also, using a fixed marking probability, the victim receives fewer marked packets from routers further away from the victim, which increases the computational time needed for traceback. Hence, we study the adjusted probabilistic packet marking (APPM) scheme (Teo Peng et al., Proc. Networking, 2002), where variable marking probability is used so that the victim receives packets from all routers with equal probability. However, using the analysis similar to that of Kihomg Park and Heejo Lee (see Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, 2001) we show that APPM is also subject to spoofing of the marking field for smaller path lengths. A modified version of APPM is proposed that reduces unmarked packets reaching the victim and the computational time needed for traceback.


ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the fundus phenotype of young patients affected with Pseudoxantoma Elasticum (PXE). Materials and Methods: Retrospective case series of five young PXE patients. Clinical data, ultra-widefield imaging (color, red-free (RF), choroidal (Ch) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF)) and OCT examination were collected. Diagnosis was confirmed by the characteristic histopathological abnormalities in skin biopsies and genetic testing results. Results: Five patients, 2 males and 3 females (mean age 16 years, range 12–20 years) were included in our study. The visual acuity was 20/20 in all subjects. Fundus evaluation revealed peau d'orange in all patients: multiple, yellowish/white round lesions, scattered from the posterior pole to the mid-peripheral retina of each eye. Ultra-wide field imaging allows us to capture and describe the entire area of coquille d'oeuf/peau d'orange in a single picture, facilitating their identification and discrimination. Angiod streaks were visible in both eyes of four patients. In one patient optic disc drusen were detected in both eyes. All patients presented comet lesions. Conclusions: PXE-related retinopathy findings: peau d'orange/coquille d'oeuf, angioid streaks, comet lesions and drusen of the optic disc were present early in PXE patients. The early detection of coquille d'oeuf/peau d'orange revealed a preferable area into midperiphery where Bruch's membrane will be more likely to be affected.


Aiming at the overheating problem of cable joint, a 3-D finite element model of a single-core cable joint considering the coupling of electromagnetic field and temperature field has been built. In order to consider the heat losses generated by contact resistance of cable joint, the equivalent conductivity is calculated. The validity of the model and calculation method is verified by the comparison with analytical values.


For long duration space missions fresh food and re-use of materials is mandatory. Also on Earth there are harsh or closed environments where fresh supply of food is not possible. Thus a highly efficient mobile and modular system for food production would be of great value. As test bed for further development of such a system a hydroponic plant area combined with a system for biological treatment of urine and organic waste, including water, air, light and power handling, were laid out in the framework of a Concurrent Engineering design study to be integrated into a high cube standard container. In this paper the study's outcome i.e. configuration and input and output ratios are described.


Connected facility location problems combine cost-efficient facility placement (including cheap client-to-facility-connection) with the requirement to connect the facilities among each other. Such network design problems arise, e.g., in telecommunication applications where networks consist of a central core and local clients that have to be connected to it. In practice, reliability of the core network is a central issue, and we may hence require the core network to be (at least) 2-interconnected, i.e., there are two disjoint paths within the core network between every pair of core nodes. We establish the problem class of 2-interConnected Facility Location (2-iCFL), categorize its central variants, and prove that they are hard to approximate. However, as our computational results show, cut-based ILP formulations, also presented herein, allow us to effectively solve such problems to optimality for hundreds of nodes. On the way, we establish simple but exhaustive characterizations for problem instances admitting feasible solutions for 2-iCFL. These characterizations are constructive and can be used for algorithmic feasibility checks, preprocessing steps, and heuristics.


25 A central goal of microbial ecology is to identify and quantify the forces that lead to 26 observed population distributions and dynamics. However, these forces, which 27 include environmental selection, dispersal, and organism interactions, are often 28 difficult to assess in natural environments. Here, we present a method that links 29 microbial community structures with selective and stochastic forces through highly 30 replicated subsampling and enrichment of a single environmental inoculum. 31 Specifically, groundwater from a well-studied natural aquifer was serially diluted 32 and inoculated into nearly 1,000 aerobic and anaerobic nitrate-reducing cultures 33 and final community structures evaluated with 16S rRNA gene amplicon 34 sequencing. We analyzed the frequency and abundance of individual OTUs to 35 understand how probabilistic immigration, relative fitness differences, 36 environmental factors, and organismal interactions contributed to divergent 37 distributions of community structures. We further used a most probable number 38 (MPN) method to estimate the natural condition-dependent cultivable abundance of 39 each of the nearly 400 OTUs cultivated in our study and infer the relative fitness of 40 each. Additionally, we infer condition-specific organism interactions and discuss 41 how this high-replicate culturing approach is essential in dissecting the interplay 42 between overlapping ecological forces and taxon-specific attributes that underpin 43 microbial community assembly. 44 45 46 47 on S etem er 5, 2017 by U N IV O F T E N N E S S E E ht://aem .sm .rg/ D ow nladed fom Importance 48 Through highly-replicated culturing in which inocula are subsampled from a single 49 environmental sample, we empirically determine how selective forces, interspecific 50 interactions, relative fitness, and probabilistic dispersal shape bacterial 51 communities. These methods offer a novel approach to untangle not only 52 interspecific interactions but also taxa-specific fitness differences that manifest 53 across different cultivation conditions and lead to selection and enrichment of 54 specific organisms. Additionally, we provide a method for estimating the number of 55 cultivable units of each OTU in the original sample through the most probable 56 number (MPN) approach. 57