Objective
To investigate the effects of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist WIN 62, 577 on airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice.

Methods
Thirty-two BALB/c mice(Specific-pathogen-free grade) were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, asthmatic group, WIN 62, 577 intervention group and dexamethasone group.The asthmatic group, the WIN 62, 577 intervention group, and the dexamethasone group were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml of OVA sensitization solution at 0 d, 7 d, and 14 d, respectively.Then the asthmatic group, WIN 62, 577 group and dexamethasone group were given OVA challenge solution(4% OVA solution) by inhalation once a day for 30 min from 21 d to 28 d for 7 consecutive days.The WIN 62, 577 intervention group was given WIN 62, 577 300 μg intraperitoneal injection 1 h before each challenge; the dexamethasone group was given intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone 2 mg/kg 1 h before each challenge.The airway responsiveness of each group of mice was detected by non-invasive pulmonary function test.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was obtained for inflammatory count.The HE staining of lung tissue was used to observe airway inflammation in mice.

Results
Compared with the asthmatic group, the mice in the WIN 62, 577 intervention group showed less restlessness, standing upright, crouching back, scratching the ears and scratching the cheeks, shortness of breath and cyanosis of the lips.After inhaling different concentrations of acetylcholine, the Penh value of mice in the WIN 62, 577 intervention group and the dexamethasone group was significantly lower than that in the asthmatic group(P<0.05). Compared with the asthmatic group, the number of WBC and EOS in BALF decreased significantly in the WIN 62, 577 intervention group and the dexamethasone group(P<0.01). HE staining showed that the inflammatory changes in the lung tissue of mice in the WIN 62, 577 intervention group were significantly reduced, the bronchial epithelium did not fall off significantly, the mucosal edema was not obvious, the smooth muscle proliferation was reduced, and the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced, similar to the airway changes in the dexamethasone group.

Conclusion
Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist WIN 62, 577 can reduce airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice.

Key words:
Asthma; Inflammation; Hyperresponsiveness; Substance P; Neurokinin-1 receptor


This paper focuses on prediction of diabetes disease with the help of classification algorithms in distributed environment. The tool used to carry out the classification is Apache Spark which can handle big data applications efficiently. We have also explained differences between Hadoop and Spark with respect to fault tolerance, execution and support for parallel operations. The paper shows that Spark is better than Hadoop in many aspects which helps organizations to develop fast and efficient big data solutions in comparatively less time than Hadoop. The classification is based on some major parameters like Blood pressure, Serum insulin level, Body Mass Index (BMI), Diabetes pedigree function etc. The aim of this paper is to compare the results of different classification algorithms in distributed environment. The results of the algorithms are compared based on some critical parameters like Accuracy, Precision, and Recall etc. We have also included effects of handing missing values on these parameters. We have explained details of confusion matrix which is used it to find quality of binary classifier. We have explained details of classification algorithms like neural network, support vector machine etc. in depth. The details about Apache Spark and classification algorithms with their results are included in this paper.


Pulsed field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used to investigate the self‐diffusion behavior of water molecules in cartilage, polymeric cartilage components, and different model polymers. The short‐time self‐diffusion coefficients (diffusion time Δ ≈ 13 msec) are found to decrease steadily with decreasing water content. This holds equally well for cartilage and cartilage components. The short‐time diffusion coefficients are subjected to a rather nonspecific obstruction effect and mainly depend on the water content of the sample. The long‐time diffusion coefficients in cartilage (Δ ≈ 500 msec), however, reflect structural properties of this tissue. Measurements with varying observation times as well as experiments involving enzymatic treatment of articular cartilage suggest that the collagenous network in cartilage is likely to be responsible for the observed restricted diffusion. Magn Reson Med 41:285–292, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Deaf students lose the ability of acquiring the language through the sense of hearing because of their handicaps. They cannot judge whether they use the language correctly by hearing the words. As for learning English, it is essential for deaf students to grasp grammar. During teaching the advanced visual sense of deaf students should be fully used. And different kinds of direct visual comparisons are put to use to help the deaf students grasp English grammar.


An Angle dispersive x‐ray diffraction (ADXRD) beamline on bending magnet source of Indus‐2 synchrotron (2.5 GeV, 300 mA) has been commissioned, for the study of single and polycrystalline samples. The beamline optics is based on vertically focusing Pt‐coated pre and post mirrors and sagittal focusing Si (311) based double crystal monochromator. Experimental station consists of a six circle diffractometer equipped with scintillation detector and an image plate area detector for powder diffraction. XRD experiments have been performed to study single crystal and polycrystalline samples.


Applications Study of Membrane Distillation for the Dairy Industry ii
Abstract
Membrane technology has been used for food processing for many years. Of the range of membrane technology types, membrane distillation is relatively new to industry. Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal membrane separation process which was introduced in the 1960s. It is considered to be an alternative to conventional separation processes like distillation and membrane reverse osmosis (RO), and has been mostly studied for desalination and water treatment processes. Its application in the treatment of dairy process and waste streams has not, however, been fully explored. MD is regarded to offer potential to be a cost effective membrane technique for concentration of dairy process and waste streams and recovering useful water. Dairy waste treatment has become more important in dairy industry at present due to reasons such as importance of preserving water and reduction of waste produced. Therefore, it is important for the dairy industry to invest in cost effective and energy efficient membrane processes for dairy waste treatment to recover water and concentrate the waste streams. MD could be a useful membrane separation process which can concentrate the dairy waste streams and recover water.
MD is a thermally driven separation process working on vapour pressure gradient across the hydrophobic porous membrane. The ability to harness thermal energy (either waste or heat flows within the dairy plant) is the key reason researchers are promoting MD as a cost saving compared to pressure driven processes like RO. In the basic operation of MD, the liquid to be treated is fed to one side of the membrane, but the hydrophobic nature of the membrane prevents the liquid from entering the membrane pores. The vapour transported from feed side to the permeate side is condensed and produces water. The aim of this study is to investigate specific applications of MD in the dairy industry and assess its viability to save water or offer benefits against competing technologies.


Tamarix community is an important vegetation type distributing on flood land and sandy land in Ejin oasis at the lower reaches of Heihe River. The vegetation and soil were sampled and the two sub-formations of Tamarix community were found at the flood land and sandy land. The characteristics of Tamarix community structure and the soil elements showed that the vegetation is going in the different degraded stages of desertification process. The specie richness and the biomass decreased, the rate of dead branches increased, but no significant change in the coverage, plant high, and plant cluster size. The change of soil element was not much clear with the degradation degree of the sub-formation at flood land, but at the sandy land sub-formation, the salt content of topsoil layer increased, the nutrient, and the organic matter, N and fine particles that less than 0\^1 mm significantly decreased. The Tamarix community is the last line to prevent desertification development in the area; we should pay more attention to it and protect the community.


The new species Stachys ketenoglui Kaynak, Daskin & Yilmaz (Lamiaceae) is described and illustrated from south Anatolia, Turkey. It is closely related to S. cataonica and S. pumila, but differs from them by its longer petiolated basal leaves, longer calyx, pale pink and longer corollas. Notes are also provided on its ecology, geographical distribution and conservation status. In addition, SEM photos of pollen grains for S. ketenoglui, S. cataonica and S. pumila are provided.


An electrical switch apparatus for use in connecting and disconnecting a DC power source and a load includes first and second pairs of controllable electromechanical contacts coupled to the DC power source and the load for connecting the power source to the load when the contacts are closed, and disconnecting the power source from the load when the contacts are open. A controller is coupled to the electromechanical contacts and programmed to produce control signals for opening and closing the contacts. A diode is coupled to the electromechanical contacts to prevent electrical current from flowing from the load to the power source, and a controllable semiconductor switch is coupled to the controller and across the power source for momentarily short circuiting the source in response to a control signal indicating a transition of either or both of the first and second pairs of electromechanical contacts from a closed condition to an open condition.


We describe a study of the endoergic, bimolecular reactions of F 2 with I 2 , ICl, and HI in a crossed molecular beam experiment. The trihalogens IIF, CliF, and HIF have been dLrectly observed as the products of these reactions. At high collision energies a second reactive channel producing IF becomes important. Product angular and velocity distributions show that this IF does not result from a fourcenter exchange reaction. Measured threshold energies for the formation of IIF, CliF, and HIF yield lower bounds to the stabilities of these molecules, with respect to the separated atoms, of 69, 81, and 96 kcal/mole, respectively. Analysis of product center-of-mass angular distributions indicates that a slightly non-linear approach is most effective in bringing about reaction to form the stable triatomic radical. Also described is a crossed molecular beam study of the Cl + Br 2 ~ BrCl + Br reaction at collision energies from 6.8 to 17.7 kcal/mole. Tl1e results indicate that this reaction has the characteristics of an


The morphometric geometric study was carried out in 10 males and 10 females of Culex quinquefasciatus. There are 23 landmarks corresponding to points at which wing veins either branch or intersect the margin of the wing. Relative warp analysis has been proved to be very efficient in distinguishing the variation of shape in male and female wings. The multivariate analysis of co-variance (MANCOVA) showed a clear separation of the male and female wings.


On November 1-5, 1994, the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) and Power Research Institute of Prague cosponsored their second conference since 1991 in the Czech Republic, entitled ``Energy and Environment: Transitions in East Central Europe.`` This conference was a continuation of the EERC`s joint commitment, initiated in 1190, to facilitate solutions to short- and long-term energy and environmental problems in East Central Europe. Production of energy from coal in an environmentally acceptable manner is a critical issue facing East Central Europe, because the region continues to rely on coal as its primary energy source. The goal of the conference was to develop partnerships between industry, government, and the research community in East Central Europe and the United States to solve energy and environmental issues in a manner that fosters economic development. Among the topics addressed at the conference were: conventional and advanced energy generation systems; economic operation of energy systems; air pollution controls; power system retrofitting and repowering, financing options; regulatory issues; energy resource options; waste utilization and disposal; and long-range environmental issues. Selected papers in the proceedings have been processed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology database.


Abstract : National governments, including that of the United States, do not yet have well-formed cyber attack policies and strategies. A proposed framework consisting of four foundational elements -- contextual views, the cyber attack spectrum, balance of focus, and appropriate circumstances -- provides a basis for considering, discussing, developing, and assessing strategic cyber attack guidance. How an actor approaches each of these four elements fundamentally shapes the myriad details of subsequent policy and strategy. In view of this framework, the United States should pursue the development of comprehensive cyber attack theory. Additionally, it should adopt a broader, but more nuanced view of cyber attacks combined with a focus weighted toward strategic attack. Consequently, such a perspective will inform a normative approach for determining the appropriate circumstances in which to conduct cyber attack, which will guide both U.S. action and modernization of international norms.


Randomized trials have largely demonstrated that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with sirolimus-eluting (SES) and paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) results in a significant reduction in the occurrence of angiographic restenosis and revascularization compared with bare metal stents (BMS).1–4

The benefit of drug-eluting stents (DES) also has been confirmed in "real-world" scenarios. In this setting, when the analysis was focused on high-risk patient and lesion subgroups, a benefit still existed despite the presence of restenosis.5–7 These expanded indications do not yet cover many other types of complex lesions for which only registries or randomized trials, not yet published, are available so far (Tables 1 through 7⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓). This topic is discussed in detail in this review. An important clarification is that the lack of proof is most probably due to the difficulty in performing randomized trials in high-risk groups using BMS as controls. It will be no surprise to find that the field in which DES perform best compared with BMS is likely to be complex lesions and patients8 (Figure 1).

View this table:

TABLE 1. DES in Unprotected Left Main Stenosis

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TABLE 2. DES in Bifurcation Lesions

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TABLE 3. DES in Chronic Total Occlusions

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TABLE 4. DES in Small-Vessel Disease and Long Lesions

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TABLE 5. DES in SVGs

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TABLE 6. DES in Acute MI

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TABLE 7. DES in Multivessel Disease

Figure 1. Lesion complexity and stent performance in the BMS and DES eras. Adapted from Edelman et al.8

Current American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines consider the presence of a stenosis in the unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) a class IIa or IIb indication, respectively, for PCI if coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is not a viable option.9,10 Moreover, according to the AHA/ACC 2005 guidelines, in …


A comprehensive explanation of the relationship between postural control and athletic performance requires evaluating body balance in athletes of different performance levels. To fill this gap in relation to volleyball, the aim of this study was to compare the balance of intermediate adolescent female players (VOL, n=61) with inactive peers (CON, n=57). The participants were investigated in normal quiet stance during 30 s trials on a Kistler force plate. The traditional spatial (amplitude and mean speed) and temporal (frequency, fractality and entropy) indices were computed for ground reaction forces (GRF) and center-of-pressure (COP) time-series. The spatial parameters of the both time-series did not discriminate the two groups. However, the temporal GRF parameters revealed much lower values in VOL than in CON (p<.0001). This leads to three important conclusions regarding posturography applications. First, GRF and COP provide different information regarding postural control. Second, measures based on GRF are more sensitive to changes in balance (at least those related to volleyball training and perhaps to similar training and sports activity regimens). And third, the indicators calculated on the basis of these two time series can complement each other and thus enrich the insight into the relationship between balance and sports performance level.


Objective:To explore the therapeutic effect of Marvelon and Diethylstilbestrol combined with Medroxyprogesterone acetate in treating puberty dysfunctional uterine bleeding and the relationship between endometrial thickness and the effect.Methods:137 patients with adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding were selected from January 2009 to October 2010.All cases were divided into Marvelon group(treatment group,70 cases) and Diethylstilbestrol combined with Medroxyprogesterone acetate group(control group,67 cases).After treatment,bleeding time,the total efficiency,hemoglobin,anemia and the incidence of endometrial thickness changes were observed.Results:Compared with the control group,the total efficiency of treatment group had no significant difference(P0.05).Compared with the control group,bleeding time in treatment group was significantly shorter,changes of hemoglobin were significantly better,and the incidence of anemia was significantly lower,and the differences between the two group was statistically significant(P0.05).After treatment,endometrial thicknesses of all cases were significantly thinner.Conclusion:The two methods can be reached the purpose of healing both;however,the effects are difference.Marvelone has a rather effective in treating adolescent pubery dysfunctional uterine bleeding;the changes of endometrial thicknesses are more evidence,the change is consistent with other indicators.The treatment of uterine bleeding is depended on the effect of the time patients to control bleeding time,anemia improved,and the total efficiency.However,the thickness of the endometrium plays a role in the treatment of DUB.But endometrial thickness in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding can not only guide the development of treatment programs,but also can be used as a supplementary reference to the womb and not as an only sole or main indicators.


The peatlands of Western Siberia occupy an area of about 1 million km2 and act as important regulator of carbon exchange between the earth and the atmosphere. Extrapolation of the results of discrete field measurements of CO2 fluxes in bog ecosystems to such a territory is a difficult task, and one of the ways to overcome it is to use a simulation model such as DNDC. However, using this model with a specific territory requires ground verification to confirm its effectiveness. Here, we tested the DNDC model on the largest pristine bog ecosystem of the world, the Great Vasyugan Mire (GVM). The GVM of western Siberia is virtually undisturbed by anthropogenic activity and is the largest bog of Northern Eurasia (53,000 km2). Based on various ground-based observations, the performance of the Wetland-DNDC model was demonstrated (Thale coefficient 0.085 and R2 = 0.675 for CO2). Model input parameters specific to the GVM were constrained and model sensitivity to a wide range of input parameters was analyzed. The estimated annual terrestrial carbon fluxes in 2019 from the GVM test site are mainly controlled by plant respiration (61%) and forest floor degradation (38%). The net CO2 emission flux was 8600 kg C ha−1 year−1, which is in line with estimates from other independent studies.


Most academics around the world have been working partly remotely for more than two years now, with two major outcomes. The restrictions assigned by states, local authorities and universities during the pandemic meant that we withdrew from physical social contact in our everyday working environments, scientific events, research sites and collaboration networks. Instead, we encountered our colleagues, students, research participants, stakeholders, and practical collaborators in virtual space. While the shift from physical to virtual working spaces has diluted our existing relationships, it has at the same time expanded the opportunities for people to attend conferences, seminars, teaching sessions, workshops, meetings, and other events regardless of where they are organized. In some cases, it is even possible to access these at our chosen time, through recorded and openly shared materials. In result, many annual events have registered record high audiences and the number of students missing from a lecture due to an overlap has dropped to the minimum. Paradoxically, the academic world has grown into a less present and a more accessible space. This unintended development has received mixed reception among scholars, teachers, and students, as well as in academic and governmental institutions, as portrayed in our recent collection of short papers guest edited by Simon Tulumello and Kátia Favilla (2020). On the one hand, the flexibility offered by the new situation, the diminished need for moving and commuting, potential for The editorial discusses the impacts of the global pandemic to human agency, through the authors self-reflection of academic work during the past two years accompanied by two philosophical perspectives. First, we return to Chris Philo's (2017) conception of 'less-than-human geographies', and secondly, to Helmuth Plessner's (2019) conception of the sociality of human embodiment. What these perspectives have helped us to see is that people, including academic communities, need embodied encounters to fully experience themselves and others as humans – humans whose exceptionality is not about superiority over non-human nature but eccentricity that offers us possibilities to avoid inhumanity. In conclusion we note the value of embodied encounters as a constitutive aspec of humane social life, particularly in the current times of war in Europe. a Pawliw, Berthold, Lasserre's the role of heritage in the geopolitics of on lost of knowledges and oral history. a founding colonial perpetuates imperialist of Arctic


Bulk recombination of photogenerated carriers is studied by transient photocurrent measurements in phosphorus doped a-Si:H. With light doping, the monomolecular recombination lifetime exceeds 10 ms and only a slow bimolecular recombination from extended states is observed. For very high initial carrier densities, a fast decay is suggested to be direct recombination from shallow band tail states. Introduction. The relaxation and recombination mechanisms of excess carriers in amorphous semiconductors have been investigated by a number of authors (1-7) relating to different experiments such as photocurrent (1,3,7), photoluminescence ( 2 , 6 ) and photoinduced absorption ( 3 , 4 ) . In a recent Letter (7), hereafter referred to as HB1, we have shown that transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements with a shortpulse excitation can yield valuable information about these mechanisms and that, under certain circumstances, a bulk recombination lifetime can be extracted from TPC decays, even in the situation of strongly dispersive transport (8). The present work addresses further the interpretation of the TPC decay under similar conditions. In particular, we investigate the fast initial decay and the form of the final recombination decay, i.e. those parts of the decay that are not easily described by a time-dependent drift mobllity reflecting multiple trapping in a distribution of band tail states (7,8). Experimental Details. The experiments were performed on phosphorus doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films supplied with MO contacts in the form of stripes 1 mm apart (see figure 1). The films were prepared by glow discharge as previously described (7) but with a substrate temperature ~~=300' C during deposition.


The paper presents the experience of treatment of children with mine-blasting injury. The timely adequate medical care in the stages of hospitalization, with the involvement of specialists not only allowed to save the lives of the children, but also to restore the function of damaged organs.


In articulated way with the detention and the later expulsion of the Argentina of the journalist Jacobo Timerman, in the article there are analyzed both interventions that there suffered the newspaper La Opinion, in May and in December, 1977, respectively. In each of these moments, the authoress describes the situation of the journalists and of the graphical workers of the media –that were arrested, missing and even murdered– with the changes that the early morning experienced in the redaccional space, in the format and in the aesthetics: reduction of pages and incorporation of supplements, incorporation of sports information, and increase of the advertising space and of the use of photographies.


Analysis on land use coordination degree is instructive to land intensive use and land sustainable use. The coordination is established to analyze the land use coordination degree of Nanjing from 1999 to 2008; on the basis of this, coordination factors are analyzed by the multiple stepwise regression. The result shows that land use coordination degree in Nanjing has been in a rising trend in the recent ten years, but there is still a distance from the full coordination; we find that the main factors of land coordination use are population growth, economic development and the level of afforesting.


Despite numerous initiatives undertaken by RBI and SEBI the retail participation at the corporate bond market in India remains low. Hence the present study is with the objective to assess the awareness level of retail investors towards corporate bonds and relationship between demographic variables and awareness towards corporate bonds. Questionnaire based survey is conducted with sample size 400. The results of the study depicts that majority of the respondents have only little knowledge about corporate bonds and there is a significant relationship between demographic variables and awareness towards corporate bonds.


Chungsook Kim. 2012. A Research on the Identity of Korean Education and its Educational Characteristics as a Multidisciplinary Study. Journal of Korean Language Education 23-2: 39-59. The purpose of this research is to propose an identity of Korean language education as a visualized model that can emerge from being integrated and fused with other related studies by setting up a definition for Korean language education and investigating its interdisciplinary characteristics as an area of study. For this study, the method of systematic review was used to comprehensively analyze all of the research achievements up to date on the disciplinary identity of Korean language education as a foreign language and its related field of studies. There has been an ongoing debate about the disciplinary identity of Korean language education as a foreign language and classification of its related studies for the past decade. As a result, academic status and boundaries of Korean language education have become clearer than in the past. However, existing research did not fully discuss the definition of Korean language education and overlooked its multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary features. Therefore, this research defines Korean language education as "a multidisciplinary field of study that explores different aspects that arise from different theories, conditions, and processes of teaching and learning Korean as a foreign language", In addition, we conclude that Korean language education is beyond just a simple integration of related studies but also has an multidisciplinary identity that can bring about an emergence of new findings through interdisciplinary research.


We consider the problem of minimum risk point estimation of the mean of an exponential distribution under the assumption that the mean exceeds some positive known number. For this problem Mukhopadhyay and Duggan (2001) proposed a two-stage procedure and provided second-order approximations to the lower and upper bounds for the regret. Under the same set up we give second-order approximations to the regret and compare our approximations with those of them. It turns out that our bounds for the regret are sharper. We also propose a bias-corrected procedure which reduces the risk.


The 3D models of vortex tube with straight nozzle, zoom nozzle and Archimedes nozzle were established. SST k-ω turbulence model was used for numerical simulation. The working fluid was air with inlet pressure of 0.4 Mpa and inlet temperature of 285K. The temperature difference between hot and cold exit and the coefficient of refrigeration and heating about different nozzle structures was compared. The vortex chamber velocity and the axial velocity distribution of the internal flow field were analyzed when the cold mass fraction was 0.37. The results concluded in this paper proved that different nozzle structures had great influence on energy separation performance.


As property investment increasingly takes place on an international stage, investors are turning to portfolio theory to help structure their investment strategies. Portfolio theory is an expectations‐led theory. It is insufficient to rely on historic property returns alone. Rather, the fundamental factors that drive market performance should be considered. Argues that any European diversification strategy should consider the political and administrative structures in place in the Community. Specifically, contrasts the federal structure of Germany with the centralized structure of France and considers the implications for institutional investment and real‐estate performance.


Oral cancer is an important public health problem in Southeast Asian countries. Generally, cases are reported in advanced stages, resulting in prolonged treatment, high financial burden, and poor prognosis. When diagnosed early, treatment is simple and inexpensive. A sequential explanatory study design, cross-sectional survey followed by in-depth interviews, will be used to assess various factors contributing to the patient and diagnostic intervals in oral cancer. At the outset, Data collection tools will be developed and validated. The study protocol is designed as per the "Aarhus statement" for early diagnosis research. In-depth interviews with selected stakeholders and review of documents related to cancer control will constitute the explanatory component of the study design. Primary prevention helps in reducing cancer incidence whereas secondary prevention helps in reducing morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis is a key secondary prevention strategy. Research on early diagnosis of cancer in general and oral cancer, in particular, is scarce. In this regard, a comprehensive and thorough evaluation of various factors facilitates or impede early oral cancer symptom presentation will help in designing policies and programs to promote early diagnosis of oral cancer.


The high-resolution regional division of mountainous area types has important scientific significance for promoting precise management of land space and regional sustainable development. At present, the classification method of mountainous area types is mainly at the county level and above, while classifications for towns and villages are nearly nonexistent, which poses a technical challenge for rural revitalization and the construction of ecological civilization in mountainous areas. We used Yuxi city, Yunnan Province, as the target area of this research, which was based on GIS technology and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and socioeconomic environmental monitoring data. The most appropriate statistical unit (e.g., 2.8224 km 2 ) for topographic relief was defined, and the study area was divided into six mountain types: flatlands, hills, low mountains, medium-low mountains, midmountains, and subhigh mountains. Based on the township scale, an index system and classification method dominated by the plain comprehensive index were established to carry out mountain area classifications at township scales. The 75 towns of Yuxi city can be classified into 27 plain towns, 23 mountain-plain towns, and 25 mountain towns from an empirical application perspective, which can provide strong data support and a reference basis for studying the evolution characteristics of land use in different geographical spaces and their interrelationships as well as differentiated land space planning and governance.


This is an edited version of a public conversation that took place in the James Stewart Theatre at Princeton University, on December 14,2010, the day after the Anerican premiere of Huyghe s film The Host and the Cloud. Joe Scanlan: Your new film, The Host and the Cloud, is set entirely within the confines of a museum, or what looks like a museum. It doesn't seem accurate to say that the film starts or ends there, since no place outside its walls is ever revealed in the film. It has an eerie similarity to a spaceship or a biosphere; when a pumpkin appears in the film, I just assume that there are pumpkin-growing facilities on board somewhere. So the film has a strangely captive, even claustrophobic, sense of time.


Coronavirus 1 is the old movie that we've been watching over and over again since Richard Preston's The Hot Zone (1994) introduced us to the exterminating demon, born in a mysterious bat cave in Central Africa, known as Ebola. It was the first in a succession of new diseases erupting in the 'virgin field' (that's the proper term) of humanity's inexperienced immune systems. Ebola was soon followed by avian influenza, which jumped to humans in 1997, and sars, which emerged at the end of 2002; both initially appeared in Guangdong, the world's manufacturing hub. Hollywood, of course, lustfully embraced these outbreaks and produced a score of movies to titillate and scare us. (Steven Soderbergh's Contagion, released in 2011, stands out for its accurate science and eerie anticipation of the current chaos.) In addition to these films, and the innumerable lurid novels, hundreds of serious books and thousands of scientific articles have responded to each outbreak, many emphasizing the appalling state of global preparedness to detect and respond to such novel diseases.


This research was aimed to find out whether there was significant effect of using read, cover, remember and retell (RCRR) strategy on students' English reading comprehension. The design was a quasi-experimental research. The sample consisted of 60 students; 30 students for experiment group and 30 students for control group. The instrument was reading test which comprised 30 multiple choice (4 options) question with r=0,86 .The research finding were as follows; 1). RCRR strategy affected students' reading comprehension in whole reading comprehension RCRR strategy affected students' reading comprehension in various aspect of reading comprehension, 2). RCRR strategy affected the students' reading comprehension in the aspect of finding main idea, 3).RCRR strategy affected the students' reading comprehension in the aspect of making inference, 4).RCRR strategy affected the students' reading comprehension in the aspect of understanding vocabulary and determining reference. However, RCRR strategy did not affect the students' reading comprehension in the aspect of identifying specific information. Further study is recommended for medical school.


Analyzing Small Businesses' Adoption of Big Data Security Analytics by Henry Mathias MCA, Anna University, 1995 BSc, Bharathidasan University, 1992 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University May 2019 Abstract Despite the increased cost of data breaches due to advanced, persistent threats from malicious sources, the adoption of big data security analytics among U.S. small businesses has been slow. Anchored in a diffusion of innovation theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine ways to increase the adoption of big data security analytics among small businesses in the United States by examining the relationship between small business leaders' perceptions of big data security analytics and their adoption. The research questions were developed to determine how to increase the adoption of big data security analytics, which can be measured as a function of the user's perceived attributes of innovation represented by the independent variables: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trialability. The study included a cross-sectional survey distributed online to a convenience sample of 165 small businesses. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression were used to statistically understand relationships between variables. There were no significant positive correlations between relative advantage, compatibility, and the dependent variable adoption; however, there were significant negative correlations between complexity, trialability, and the adoption. There was also a significant positive correlation between observability and the adoption. The implications for positive social change include an increase in knowledge, skill sets, and jobs for employees and increased confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems and data for small businesses. Social benefits include improved decision making for small businesses and increased secure transactions between systems by detecting and eliminating advanced, persistent threats.Despite the increased cost of data breaches due to advanced, persistent threats from malicious sources, the adoption of big data security analytics among U.S. small businesses has been slow. Anchored in a diffusion of innovation theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine ways to increase the adoption of big data security analytics among small businesses in the United States by examining the relationship between small business leaders' perceptions of big data security analytics and their adoption. The research questions were developed to determine how to increase the adoption of big data security analytics, which can be measured as a function of the user's perceived attributes of innovation represented by the independent variables: relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, and trialability. The study included a cross-sectional survey distributed online to a convenience sample of 165 small businesses. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression were used to statistically understand relationships between variables. There were no significant positive correlations between relative advantage, compatibility, and the dependent variable adoption; however, there were significant negative correlations between complexity, trialability, and the adoption. There was also a significant positive correlation between observability and the adoption. The implications for positive social change include an increase in knowledge, skill sets, and jobs for employees and increased confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems and data for small businesses. Social benefits include improved decision making for small businesses and increased secure transactions between systems by detecting and eliminating advanced, persistent threats. Analyzing Small Businesses' Adoption of Big Data Security Analytics by Henry Mathias MCA, Anna University, 1995 BSc, Bharathidasan University, 1992 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University May 2019 Dedication I thank the Lord Jesus Christ for the great privilege to begin and complete my doctoral dissertation. I dedicate this work first to the only immortal and invisible Christ who enabled me to pursue and achieve my academic dreams. I would also dedicate this work to my father, Mathias Moves, who was my constant inspiration and motivation in all my academic dreams and successes. Finally, I dedicate this dissertation to my wife, Christina Henry, who supported me all through these tough years of this doctoral journey. I would not have accomplished all these milestones without the constant support and encouragement from my family. Acknowledgments I would like to thank my Dissertation Chair, Dr. David Gould, for his outstanding guidance, continuous availability, and his constant motivation for me to succeed in this doctoral journey. His enthusiasm and genuine interest in making me successful, kept me energized and focused throughout my dissertation phase. I also would like to thank my Committee Member, Dr. Anthony Lolas, for his excellent input and guidance in the field of big data and quantitative methodologies. My special thanks to Dr. Thomas Butkiewicz, as my University Research Reviewer and for all his valuable contribution to my doctoral success. Above all, I thank my God and the Lord Jesus Christ for helping me to complete this lifelong lofty dream. I am exceedingly grateful to everyone who has helped me on this doctoral journey without whose assistance, I would not have completed my doctoral program. Every small help and guidance has enabled me to complete this monumental and substantial task of completing the dissertation. I thank God for this wonderful journey and for angels who helped me to achieve this great milestone in life.


The theory of random graphs began in the late 1950s in several papers by Erdös and Rényi. However, the introduction at the end of the 20 th century of the small world model of Watts and Strogatz (1998) and the preferential attachment model of Barabási and Albert (1999) have led to an explosion of research. each have hundreds of references. A book edited by Newman, Barabási, and Watts (2006) contains some of the most important papers. Books by Watts (2003) and Barabási (2002) give popular accounts of the new science of networks, which explains " how everything is connected to everything else and what it means for science, business, and everyday life. " 1 While this literature is extensive, many of the papers are outside the mathematical literature , which makes writing this book a challenge and an opportunity. A number of articles have appeared in Nature and Science. These journals with their impressive impact factors are, at least in the case of random graphs, the home of 10 second sound bite science. An example is the claim that " the Internet is robust yet fragile. 95% of the links can be removed and the graph will stay connected. However, targeted removal of 2.3% of the hubs would disconnect the Internet. " These shocking statements grab headlines. Then long after the excitement has subsided, less visible papers show that these results aren't quite correct. When 95% of links are removed the Internet is connected, but the fraction of nodes in the giant component is 5.9 × 10 −8 , so if all 6 billion people were connected initially then after the links are removed only 36 people can check their email. The targeted removal result depends heavily on the fact that the degree distribution was assumed to be exactly a power law for all values of k, which forces p k ∼ 0.832k −3. However if the graph is generated by the preferential attachment model with 1 This is the subtitle of Barabási's book.


Light charged fragments from the reaction {sup 40}Ar+{sup 51}V at 35--85 MeV/nucleon in 10 MeV/nucleon steps have been measured with a 4{pi} detector. The observed transverse collective momentum in central collisions decreases monotonically from 45 to 85 MeV/nucleon. The data are interpreted assuming that the attractive mean-field deflects the fragments to negative scattering angles. As the beam energy is raised, the attractive scattering is opposed by the buildup of compressed nuclear matter. A lower limit of 76 MeV/nucleon is placed on the beam energy where the attractive deflection is balanced by the repulsive side-splash mechanism. The results are compared to theoretical predictions and it is demonstrated the predictions are sensitive to two aspects of nuclear matter physics: the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section and the nuclear compressibility.


Abstract Using Spencer-Oatey's (Journal of Politeness Research 1: 95–119, 2005) rapport management approach, this study analyzes the participation of Peruvian Spanish speakers in a rapport-challenging situation exhibiting social distance, strong power differential among interlocutors and high damage received by the participant; gender differences/similarities are explored. Results show that participants started and developed the interaction maintaining a rapport-challenging orientation in their pursuit of transactional goals and violated the interlocutor's identity and respectability face. When finishing the interaction, however, they showed a rapport-maintenance orientation; they continued violating the equity principle, albeit less strongly. Male and female differences were found throughout the interaction


In this work, we present Hardware-in-Loop (HIL) demonstration of a closed-loop control of non-ideal 20 kW bidirectional DC-DC converter operating in continuous conduction buck and boost mode. The DC-DC converter is designed and analyzed using small-signal modeling for the buck and boost modes. The discrete PI controller is implemented on the FPGA and is designed using Ziegler Nichols method to eliminate the undesired effects in the transient and steady-state output. The DC-DC converter is a modeled and simulated in MATLAB Simulink and is interfaced with the FPGA-based controller in a HIL configuration as proof of concept for rapid prototyping of an electrical vehicle battery system. The work also discusses the performance of designed closed-loop feedback controller.


Introduction. Ring 2 chromosome is a rare aberration chromosomic rare characterized by growth failure and minor dysmorphic. Case report. 4 years old female f...


While serving as a journal, a blog is, generally, a form of social media that can be accessed by anyone, online (Miller and Pole 2010). Blogs authored by healthcare professionals are increasingly prevalent (Lagu et al 2008). This opinion piece draws on the author's experience in exploring how blogging can develop reflective skills and the interactive forum that a blog can enable. It also raises the inherent risks of blogging, and suggests that, in order for occupational therapists to make use of this opportunity for continuing professional development, specific guidance about the use of social media needs to be created.


Recently, distributed/virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology over satellites have attracted considerable research interest due to the development of Ka-band high throughput satellites (HTS) and space information networks (SINs). In this paper, a novel performance analysis framework is proposed for MIMO with orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) under Licklider transmission protocol (LTP) for emerging SINs, where we derive the closed-form expressions of the mean number of transmission rounds by using Laplace transform for reliable data delivery in automatic repeat request (ARQ) and hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) schemes. Furthermore, we derive the throughput expressions for lossless-and truncated-(H)ARQ schemes, and obtain the maximum throughput value on information rate. We also investigate the file delivery time in LTP over Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. Simulations results are provided to demonstrate the validity of our theoretical results, and show the effect of antenna number on the system performance.


YYCM compound water blockoff-plugging agent is a inorganic accelerator agent with nonselectivity.The paper introduces forms of YYCM agent.Meanwhile,the performance of YYCM agent is evaluated .It has many advantages,such as dependable plugging, quick solidification,high strength,good thermal stability and long valid period.IT has better effect on plugging casing leak and channelling .Based on studying in lab and applying in 9 wells in 1998,the results show that YYCM plugging success ratio is 100%,accumulated increased oil is 3145t by the end of 1998.YYCM agent can meet the needs of water plugging of figh water cut stage .IT is one of the main means of stable production.


X-ray studies were made of a Bombyx mori type of silk and of a Tussah silk. Differences in the diffractive properties of the fibroin components of these silks are recorded. Diffraction bands were found for the sericin components of each type of silk, show ing that this component also exists on the fibre in a partially crystalline condition but with a lower degree of crystallite orien tation than is exhibited by the fibroin component. The positions of the observed sericin bands are different for each type of silk. Comparison of the diffraction patterns of hard and soft silks of the Bombyx mori type showed no significant difference between them.


A population of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-generation hybrids obtained by crossing SI IR and WKY rats was studied. These hybrids were a basis for obtaining a genetic model of myocardial hypertrophy (МH) without elevated blood pressure (BP). To reveal the given phenotype (MH without elevated BP), the degree of MH was noninvasively estimated by vectorocardiography in combination with noninvasive BP measurement on the caudal artery. Systolic BP in male hybrids of die fourth and fifth generation was 127 ± 3 and 123 ± 3 mm Hg, respectively, which was much lower than that in male rats of the progenitor line SHR (183 ±5 mm Hg) and practically equal to that in rats of the progenitor line WKY (128 ± 3 mm Hg). The similar BP values were also observed in female rats of the study populations. The weight of the heart of male hybrids F4. F5, and F6 was more than that in the WKY group (1,17 ± 0,03, 1,01 ± 0,04, and 1,19 ± 0,03 g, respectively, and 0,89 ± 0303 g, at p


This paper presents the novel design of a lower-body exoskeleton to aid human walking, stability, and control; designed to support up to 80% user bodyweight with ground reaction force for the 50th percentile male weight equal to 667 N (150 lbf) and height of 175.3 cm (5'9") at maximum and 165 cm (5'5") at minimum. It will allow users to walk comfortably up to 2 m/s (4.5 mph) and perform minimal squatting (60-90 deg knee flexion) in partial sitting and resting positions depending on user height. Powered by a single sprocket-chain driven prismatic leg actuator on each leg, the device applies force from the ground to the wearer's center of mass to simulate the user feeling up to 80% lighter or, in reverse function, 80% heavier. Targeted application includes simulation of gravity-like conditions for pre-mission training, enhanced locomotion or resistance exercise in microgravity environments during-mission, and support for transitions back to earth in post-mission recovery. The mechanical design is optimized for simplicity, ease of assembly, low cost, and lightweight. A key feature of the exoskeleton is the ability for the hip to freely rotate, allowing the wearer to choose their footstep locations without interference from the frame to provide a natural walking experience.


Most research on how parents' mental health affects the psychological well-being of their children has focused on mothers. To study the joint influence of maternal and paternal mental health on children, researchers examined national survey data from 605 …


Background: Patient satisfaction is the goal of providing health services and is a sign of the good quality of services provided. The Regional General Hospital (RSUD) dr.Rubini Mempawah is a referral center for all level one health facilities in Mempawah Regency. Purpose: to describe the level of patient satisfaction with the quality of dental and oral health services at RSUD dr.Rubini Mempawah. Methods: This descriptive observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted from August to September 2021. A total of 200 respondents were taken using a consecutive sampling technique. The instrument in the form of a questionnaire consists of five dimensions of Service Quality, namely reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangible. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents were satisfied with the dimensions of responsiveness (51%), assurance (47%), empathy (48%), and tangible (50%). Most of the respondents only felt quite satisfied with the reliability dimension (49%). Conclusion: This study shows the need to improve the quality of dental and oral health services in RSUD dr. Rubini Mempawah especially on the dimension of reliability.


Recent genetic studies suggest that in northern Minnesota two species of wolves (Canis lupus L., 1758 or western wolf and Canis lycaon Schreber, 1775 (= Canis rufus Audubon and Bachman, 1851) or eastern wolf) meet and hybridize. However, little morphological information is available about these two types of wolves in Minnesota. We analyzed the mass of 950 female wolves and 1006 males older than 1 year from across northern Minnesota and found that it increased from 26.30 ± 0.56 kg (mean ± SE) for females and 30.60 ± 0.72 kg for males in northeastern Minnesota to 30.01 ± 0.43 kg for females and 35.94 ± 0.45 kg for males in northwestern Minnesota (females: r2 = 0.79, P < 0.02; males: r2 = 0.63, P = 0.06). These mass differences add morphological information to the identities of eastern and western wolves and support the view that ranges of the two species meet in Minnesota.


In 1888, the South Australian Museum purchased an ethnological collection from New Guinea that had previously been sent by Theodore F. Bevan and Messrs Burns, Philp and Co. for display at the New South Wales Court of the Queen Victoria Jubilee Exhibition in Adelaide in 1887. The identity of this collection subsequently became obscure prior to commencement of systematic registration of the Museum's collections in 1911. This paper reviews photographic, archival and published evidence to restore the identity of this collection, to uncover its indigenous cultural context and to relate it to comparable collections in Australia and overseas.


Trial designs of antiepileptic drugs have been reviewed. Add-on trials that were used to obtain marketing approval for many of the new antiepileptic drugs provide useful information but have definite limitations. The new monotherapy trial designs offer greater promise both in the provision of safety and efficacy information for registration purposes as well as the clinical use of these new agents to physicians.


This study aimed to measure the effect of authentic leadership on performance of private higher education lecturers in Tangerang which are mediated by lecturer engagement. Data collection was done by simple random sampling to the private higher education lecturer population in Tangerang. The returned and valid questionnaire results were 231 samples. Data processing was used SEM method with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study concluded that authentic leadership have a positive and significant effect on the lecturer performance, both directly and indirectly through mediating lecturer engagement. This new research proposed a model for building the lecturer performance among the private higher education lecturers in Tangerang through enhancing authentic leadership with lecturer engagement as a mediator. This research could pave the way to improve lecturer readiness in facing the era of education 4.0.


In the 2006 referendum, the majority of resident citizens of Montenegro voted in favor of the state independence. During the 1990s and 2000s, the meaning of the terms "Montenegrin" and "Serbian" were intensely discussed and interpreted in conflicting ways in many spheres of life in Montenegro. The discussions about the possible forms of statehood and the meaning of the national terms, various other points of dispute emerged. This chapter maps the directions and key arguments of two such points of dispute; the standardization of the Montenegrin language and the recognition of minority sexualities. The discussion about the language suggests that an attempt to fit Montenegro into a separate national category regularly leaves a residue, that is, experiences and practices which do not conform to the ethno-national classification. The chapter presents the dynamics of the discussion about the language and then some of the key arguments in the discussion about sexuality. Keywords: ethno-national classification; minority sexualities; Montenegrin language; Serbian; standardization; statehood


The contribution of psychoanalysis to geriatric care in nursing home is discussed in three directions: its conception of care, specially on its negative sides; its implication in geriatric units, in their conception and in the analysis of their management of care; the holding of care-givers and nurses by making clear what we call transference and conter-transference and their reflection on their function.


Textbook is an indispensable medium for students to acquire knowledge. The completeness of its content and the clarity of its logic are the reasons why it is used as a teaching aid in schools for so many years and not easy to replace. But behind the visible, intentional formal curriculum, there are hidden curriculums. Hidden curriculums include not only objective factors such as social environment, but also subjective factors such as people's subconscious and inherent impression. Through qualitative and quantitative methods, this research examines whether Chinese textbooks contain hidden curriculums with gender discrimination from some specific perspectives. In this research, data analysis and interviews are both included. The results have shown that gender discrimination exists in China's English textbooks. Instead of appeal directly in the textbook, it appears in the form of hidden curriculum. Also, in the end of this paper, there will be some suggestions to textbooks writing team, and teachers in China.


e23012Background: Published papers reported that pericyte could promote endothelial cell survival. The aim of this study was to assess whether the pericyte coverage was a predictor for bevacizumab effectiveness in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Methods: From 2007 to 2014, 59 patients with mCRC who underwent chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab (CT + B group) and 131 patients who underwent chemotherapy alone (CT group) as first-line treatment were included into this study from Sun Yat-sen university cancer center. Paraffin-embedded tumor samples were sectioned and double stained immunohistochemistry for the pericyte marker a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and endothelial cell marker CD31 were conducted to characterize the intratumoral vasculature. The perimeter and area of vessels were studied using Image Pro Plus software (five hotspots for each slice). The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Student's t test was used for the determination of significance between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves wi...


Method for producing a liquid formulation comprising microcapsules consisting of a polymer, solid shell and a liquid core comprising solvent and by a dissolved or dispersed in the solvent agrochemical active ingredient, characterized in that it is prepared of a Pickering emulsion the solvent in water type, in which (i) the agrochemical active ingredient is dissolved or dispersed in the solvent droplets and (ii) is used as emulsifier a polymer in particulate form, and the emulsion resulting Pickering (a) it incubated at room or (b) temperature is heated.


To the editor,

Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block immediately distal to the inguinal ligament at about the inguinal skin crease is a standard regional anesthesia technique for lower extremity surgery.[1 2][1] Performance of the block requires ultrasound identification of the femoral nerve in the


Objective To study the results of external beam radiotherapy plus 192 Ir hyperfractionated high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy (HHDR-IBT) for cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Methods Fourty-eight patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx were treated by external beam radiotherapy (T 1,T 2 30~50 Gy,T 3,T 4 50~60 Gy) followed by 192 Ir HHDR-IBT delivering 15~35 Gy (30~35 Gy for T 1,T 2 and 15~30 Gy for T 3,T 4 in 250~350 cGy per fraction,two fractions per day). Over 3~5 days. Results The complete response rates at 3 months were T 1100% (5/5),T 2 85%(23/27),T 3 46%(6/13),T 4 0%(0/3) and the partial reponse rates:T 2 15% (4/27), T 3 54%(7/13), T 4 100%(3/3). The 3-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 79.4% and 55.8%,respectively.Multivariate analysis showed that TNM stage and pathalogic type were prognostic factors.Conclusions Carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx treated with external beam radiotherapy combined with 192 Ir hyperfractionated high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy ia able to give a good local control for T 1,T 2 lesions with good functional preservation. For T 3,T 4 lesions,this method is able to offer a high palliation.


Disclosed is a blend composition of a polycarbonate resin and a vinyl-based copolymer that includes (A) a mixed resin including (A-1) a polycarbonate resin and (A-2) a vinyl-based copolymer and (B) an acrylic-based copolymer including at least one acrylic-based monomer, and a molded product made using the same.


A surfactant assisted chemical oxidation method has been employed for facial synthesis of polypyrrole/tin oxide (PPy/SnO2) hybrid nanoneedles. The charge transport properties of the prepared hybrid nanomaterials have been analyzed under different conduction mechanisms for their possible application for light dependent resistors (LDRs). The scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the increased concentration of additive SnO2 quantum dots alters the surface morphology from nanowall-like to nanoneedle-like and the formation of PPy/SnO2 nanocomposites is confirmed X-ray diffraction studies. The strong coupling between the PPy and SnO2 results in the transformation of PPy from highly oxidized states to oxidized states and is confirmed through Raman analysis. The simple band conduction model and Kivelson's power law based conduction mechanism could not be applied to explain the conduction mechanism due to different reasons. The log σdc curves for all samples were well fitted for γ = 1/4, suggesting the applicability of Mott's three dimensional variable range hopping VRH model for charge transport. The room temperature dark conductivity of the samples was found to decrease with an increase in SnO2 concentration. The formation of p–n junctions between p-type PPy and n-type SnO2 changes the bandgap of PPy and the work function. This modifies the electronic structure of PPy which brings a synergistic effect in the photosensitivity of the PPy/SnO2 nanocomposites. The room temperature photoresponse of the PPy/SnO2 samples was found to increase from 2.85 to 6.25% at 100 mW cm−2 illumination intensity with an increase in the SnO2 doping concentration from 0 to 20%.


The present invention relates to a color image sensor of very compact. Sensor of the present invention is: the front surface of the semiconductor wafer (10), and that each and comprising an image detection circuit to form a series of active regions (ZA) corresponding to each image sensor, wherein each active region, photosensitive and to transfer the front side of the wafer to the front surface of the supporting substrate (20); comprises a photosensitive region covered with a conductive layer and an insulating layer to enable collection of the charge generated in the region (14, 16) ; thin semiconductor layer comprising a photosensitive region (30) leaving the substrate, a removing most of the thickness of the semiconductor wafer; depositing a color filter (18) in this manner the semiconductor layer which is thinned and etched It is produced by a method which consists. .FIELD 5


This study examines the relative importance of age at the time of irradiation on attractiveness, mating ability, sperm transfer, prior mating, and longevity as factors of competitive- ness in sterile male boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman. The amount of sperm transferred by irradiated males appeared to be the most important factor in competitiveness. More sperm was transferred by virgin males irradiated on day 5 than by virgin males irradiated on day 2, and males irradiated on day 5 had greater impact on egg hatch than those irradiated on day 2. The amount of sperm in spermlathecae of females mated to virgin males irradiated on day 5 was indistinguishable from that in females mated to virgin control males. Mating ability of males of all treatments was similar. Comparable numbers of boll weevils were captured in traps baited with males irradiated at 2 or 5 d during the first 4-5 d after irradiation, but thereafter, generally more weevils were captured in traps baited with males irradiated at 2 d or with control males. Attractiveness of males irradiated at 2 d was generally comparable to that of control males. More than 91% of irradiated males individually caged on cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., plants lived for 10 d in the field, and 40% lived for 14 d; all individually caged control males lived 14 d. When released into cotton fields, however, the numbers of both irradiated and control males declined sharply over 14 d. Thus, the potential for an effective 2-wk life span in the field suggested by the caged study did not appear to apply to laboratory-reared weevils released into cotton fields.


Retinoid-related orphan receptors alpha (RORα) and gamma (RORγ) are both expressed in liver; however, their physiological functions in this tissue have not yet been clearly defined. The RORα1 and R...


The invention relates to a mobile phone integration system (1) comprising an adapter (2), wherein the adapter (2) comprises a base body (8), wherein the adapter (2) comprises a clip (9) which (from an edge of the base body 8 ) projects out in a clamping position under pretension in the direction of the bearing surface in such a manner over the support surface, that a mobile telephone (7) between a free end of the clasp (9) and the supporting surface can be pushed into a holding position, by a rotary process in which the clasp (9) a sound generating means (GEM) is acted upon from its release position through increased action of force in the opening direction, in an overload position (C9) at a deflection movement of the clasp (9) in the opening direction generates a warning sound and wherein (by a reverse rotation process in which the buckle 9 ) from its overload position (C9) is acted upon by a force acting in the closing direction, the clasp (9) back into the release actuator ung is zuruckschwenkbar. ( 3 )


In-vitro testing of novel photodynamic therapy/radiotherapy procedures relies heavily on the use of different assays to fully probe various parameters such as cytotoxicity or cell-death pathways. These assays utilise sometimes expensive dyes or antibodies, along with cumbersome sample preparation for flow-cytometry. In this work, we propose a novel image-processing algorithm that uses the flow cytometry plots obtained through a Propidium Iodide based live-dead assay on cancerous and non-cancerous cells to deduce the possible cell-death mechanisms in the process of radiotherapy. Propidium Iodide (PI) is a membrane-impermeable dye taken up by those cells with loss of cell membrane integrity, and does not give any information about the integrity of intracellular components or cellular death pathways. In our novel image-processing algorithm, we determine the centroid of the Forward Scatter (FSC) and the Side Scatter (SSC) cytometer plots of such a PI assay, after suitable clustering. This algorithm is initially applied to an unirradiated control cell population where the FSC centroid gives an estimate of the mean cell size, while the SSC centroid gives the baseline granularity of the cell population. Thereafter, the centroids of the FSC and the SSC plots are calculated for the irradiated cell population, and the deviation in these centroids calculated. These differences are correlated to change in average cell size and denaturation/granularity, and serve as a useful substitute for the cell death mechanism. This can potentially pave the way for in-situ qualitative cell-death analysis in large-volume in-vitro studies in a cost-effective manner.


The information processing view of organizations [1] and subsequent works highlight the primary role of information processing in the effective functioning of markets and organizations. With the current wave of "big data" and related technologies, dataoriented decision making is being widely discussed [2] as a means of using this vast amount of available data for better decisions which can lead to improved business results. The focus of many of these studies is at the organization level. However, decisions are made by teams of individuals and this is a complex socio-technical process. The quality of a decision depends on many factors including technical capabilities for data analysis and human factors like team dynamics, cognitive capabilities of the individuals and the team. In this thesis, we developed a systems theory based framework for decision making and identified four socio technical factors viz., data analytics, data sensing, power distribution, and conflict level which affect the quality of decisions made by teams. We then conducted "thought experiments" to investigate the relative contribution of each of these factors to the quality of decisions. Our experiments and subsequent analyses show that while improved data analytics does result in better decisions, human factors have an out-sized contribution to the quality of decisions, even in data rich environments. Moreover, when the human factors in a team improve, the predictability of the positive impacts due to improvements in technical capabilities of the team also increases. Thesis Supervisor: Michael Davies Title: Senior Lecturer, Engineering Systems Division


In the present study, dye industry effluent was treated with Cyanobacteria for removing colour and other nutrients. Oscillatoria brevis and Westiellopsis prolifica were selected for the study based on their dominant occurrence in the effluent. Organisms were used in both free and immobilized conditions. These organisms not only removed the organic and in organic chemicals but also reduced the intensity of the colour from the effluent. The result revealed that within 30 days, more than 75% of colour has been removed. Nutrients such as nitrites, phosphates and ammonia were completely removed. Increase in Dissolved Oxygen (DO) content and reduction of Biological Oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen demand (COD) up to 95% have been reported. Among the two conditions, immobilized cyanobacteria were more effective than that of free cells. Generally the effluent supported the growth of Oscillatoria and Westiellopsis, but the growth was not well pronounced as compared to control. It is concluded that Oscillatoria had a little edge over than Westiellopsis, can successfully be used not only to reduce pollution load but also for colour removal purposes.


There is a tongue-in-cheek saying in the Security Industry that leeks and keys are "for keeping your friends out". This little joke has a ring of truth to it which becomes clearer the more you consider just how easy it is to circumvent most ordinary security measures such as door and window locks. And yet the control of access to ofices, corridors, storage rooms, equipments rooms, and other areas of typical office facilities by ordinary locks and keys remains a first line of defence against unauthorized entry.


A major risk factor contributing to increased mortality and morbidity following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is oedema formation. Recent ef-forts by our laboratory, and others, have concentrated on establishing the mechanisms associated with oedema formation following brain injury, and developing appropriate pharmacologic interventional therapies. Our own studies to date have shown that neurogenic inflammation is a major contributor to brain oedema formation. Attenuation of the neurogenic inflammation, either by preventing release of the neuropeptides or block-ing substance P receptor binding, profoundly inhibited these events. We propose that pharmacologic intervention targeting neurogenic inflammation may be a promising strategy for the management of posttraumatic oedema.


Orthorhombic MnP nanoclusters are formed in GaP epitaxial films grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on GaP(001) substrates, which are labeled as GaP:MnP/GaP(001). Polycrystalline MnP films have also been grown from the vapor phase on GaP substrates and are labeled as ( p-c)MnP/GaP(001). Both GaP:MnP/GaP(001) epilayers and ( p-c)MnP/GaP (001) films show a very rich texture, which has been previously characterized by three dimensional x-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps combined with transmission electron microscopy measurements. Heterostructures (HSs) containing multiple layers of (p-c)MnP/GaP and of GaP:MnP/GaP have been designed and grown with the same process. These HSs add new elements to our understanding of the growth mechanisms involved in these complex systems. In particular, it is shown that Mn diffusion during growth is strongly enhanced leading to a picture of MnP cluster coalescence, which explains some of their properties, such as the variation of their spatial distribution within the GaP matrix with the epilayer thickness. We report an Mn atomic diffusion coefficient of (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10−15 cm2/s in these films at 650 °C. The data are compatible with the superdiffusion of Mn, where the square of the diffusion length as a function of time ( t) obeys [Formula: see text] with an estimated value of [Formula: see text].


A trench-assisted multicore fiber (TA-MCF) with single-supermode transmission and nearly zero flattened dispersion is proposed herein. By adding a simplified microstructure cladding with only one ring of low-index inclusions on the basis of the multicore fiber, the microstructure cladding and mode-coupling mechanism were jointly employed into the TA-MCF to modulate light transmission. This guarantees that the TA-MCFs had sufficient capability for wideband dispersion management when only pure, germanium-doped, and fluorine-doped silica glass with low index differences were chosen to form the TA-MCF. Analyses also revealed that the TA-MCFs have the merits of shorter cut-off wavelength and flatter-top optical intensity distribution compared with traditional multicore fibers. After the investigation of the structural parameters' influences on the dispersion of the fundamental supermode, two TA-MCFs with single-supermode transmission and nearly zero flattened dispersion were designed. For the seven-core TA-MCF, the dispersion varying from −0.46 to 1.35 ps/(nm·km) in the wavelength range of 1.50 to 2.04 μm, with bending loss as low as 0.085 dB/km and 35-mm bending radius at 1550 nm was achieved with index difference less than 0.015. The TA-MCFs proposed herein have the advantages of being a quasi-single material, with an all solid scheme and simplified structure.


We consider the problem of disambiguating the lemma and part of speech of ambiguous words in morphologically rich languages. We propose a method for disambiguating ambiguous words in context, using a large un-annotated corpus of text, and a morphological analyser—with no manual disambiguation or data annotation. We assume that the morphological analyser produces multiple analyses for ambiguous words. The idea is to train recurrent neural networks on the output that the morphological analyser produces for unambiguous words. We present performance on POS and lemma disambiguation that reaches or surpasses the state of the art—including supervised models—using no manually annotated data. We evaluate the method on several morphologically rich languages.


A simulation code was developed to predict the indirect solar dryer performance of the thin beds of discs of potato, subjected to time‐varying air conditions. Two mathematical models are developed separately; the first allows the determination of the thermal performances of the solar collector with offset rectangular plate fin absorber‐plate and the second, allows to determine the kinetics of drying for the data input of the air at the exit of the collector. The latter takes into account calorific losses through the walls of the dryer and shrinkage of discs. Experimental results of the solar dryer thermal performances, using sunlight in Valenciennes (in the North of France), will be compared with the results obtained by the theoretical model suggested. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Studying the elementary reactions of single-noble-metal-atom-doped species can give theoretical guidance for the design of related single-atom catalysis. Using a combination of mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations, the reaction of RhAl2O4- with the most stable alkane molecule CH4 under thermal conditions has been studied. The methane tends to be converted into syngas (free H2 and adsorbed CO) with activation of four C-H bonds. In sharp contrast, formaldehyde was generated in the previously reported reaction of PtAl2O4- with CH4. Density functional theory calculations show that the difference in reactivity between RhAl2O4- and PtAl2O4- is found to be due to a higher energy barrier of the third C-H bond activation for the Pt analogue. This work provides the first comparative study on the reactivity of single noble-metal atoms (Rh, Pt) on the same cluster support (Al2O4-) and can be helpful for rational design of single-atom catalysts for selective methane conversion.


This paper deals with the basic properties the algebra of Segre quaternions over the field of complex numbers. We study idempotents, ideals, matrix representation and the Peirce decomposition of this algebra. We also investigate the structure of zeros of a polynomial in Segre complex quaternions by reducing it to the system of four polynomial equations in the complex field. In addition, Cauchy-Riemann type conditions are obtained for the differentiability of a function on the complex Segre quaternionic algebra.


The people are passion with new trend and technology. Any software can survive only when it meets the customer need with current trend and technology. Otherwise the software has to undergo many modifications or it should switch to new one. The reengineering approach is a gift to the software engineers, to make the project with reduced cost and reduced risk. This paper deals how the software engineering process moves to reengineering with the many different types and its need. In reengineering process also, there are many risks can arrive as software engineering. The light weight process Extreme programming methodology is suggested for the software reengineering process transformation. This paper deals with the expected risks of process transformation and a quantitative method for risk assessment. This assessment helps to minimize the effort during transformation, indirectly cost benefit and increases the customer satisfaction. 1.Introduction Legacy transformation is about maintaining and extending the value of this legacy investment through migration to new platforms. Reimplementing applications on new platforms can have benefits through reduced operational costs, and through the additional capabilities of new technologies it provides access to valuable functions through more economical means. Migration to a new platform also provides an opportunity to align applications with current and future business needs through the addition of business functionality and through application restructuring [3]. In this paper how the reengineering phases are combined with XP is explained. A light weight process XP is an iterative methodology well suited for medium and small level projects. The reengineering process with light weight process will be easy to maintain, cost benefited, with its simple rules. Any software project might expect risks in their development phases. Same as the Reengineering process transformation with XP might face risks. The risk International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 1 Issue 5, July 2012 ISSN: 2278-0181


Making use of the Muller theory of irreversible processes, some solutions of the momentum and internal angular momentum balance equations of a fluid of polyatomic molecules are studied. When one considers only dissipative phenomena described by the rotational viscosity, it is seen that even in the case in which the spin and the vorticity coincide normal mode solutions exist for the velocity and spin.


The structure of the $\sigma$ meson and the diamagnetism of the nucleon are shown to be topics which are closely related to each other. Arguments are found that the $\sigma$ meson couples to two photons via its non-strange $q\bar{q}$ structure component. This ansatz leads to a quantitative explanation of the $t$-channel component of the difference of electromagnetic polarizabilities, (\alpha-\beta)^t$, containing the diamagnetism of the nucleon. The prediction is $(\alpha-\beta)^t_{p,n}=(5\alpha_e g_{\pi MM})/(6\pi^2 m^2_\sigma f_\pi)=15.3$ in units of $10^{-4}{\rm fm}^3$ to be compared with the experimental value $(\alpha-\beta)^t_p=15.1\pm 1.3$ for the proton and $(\alpha-\beta)^t_n=14.8\pm 2.7$ for the neutron. The equivalent approach to exploit the $\pi\pi$ structure component of the $\sigma$ meson via the BEFT sum rule leads to $(\alpha-\beta)^t_{p,n}=14\pm 2$, what also is in agreement with the experimental results.


KU Leuven has been supporting Green OA through its institutional repository Lirias for many years already. As it is clear, however, that Green OA provides only part of the solution for the crisis in scholarly communication, the university was looking to intensify its efforts to maximize exchange, collaboration and innovation thanks to the dissemination of scholarly results. This led to the establishment of the KU Leuven Fund for Fair Open Access in March 2018. This fund initially provided financial support for the production costs of OA monographs published by Leuven University Press as well as for the production costs of articles published in OA journals, on the condition that these journals are published according to the Fair OA model and maintain the highest academic standards. As of 2019, the scope of the fund was broadened to include financial support to non-commercial publishing initiatives and infrastructures in general.
This poster briefly presents the KU Leuven Fund for Fair OA and details which articles, books, initiatives and infrastructures are supported during the first two years of operation. It also discusses the future of the fund and how it ties in with the open scholarship roadmap within KU Leuven.


We have attempted as well from the observed movements of A. conchicola's suckers, as from a reconstruction of the musculature of the haptor, to explain the working of the haptor. We also studied the ultrastructure of the marginal organs, composed of muscle-fibres of which the arrangement and working have been discussed. The ultrastructure of all cells situated within the haptor have been discussed. A theory about the function of the gland cells is proposed. The presence of sense cells in the tegument of the haptor is mentioned.


As the increasing growth of the reform and opening-up policy and the continuous development of the external association are picking up speed, not only those who are major in English but also the students of the non-English major are needed in this society to acquire basic English skills that are applied to social practice. College English education is an organic component of higher education. Therefore, it is an imminent problem which needs solving immediately to improve the level of college English teaching and the comprehensive quality of students' language learning. This article mainly talks about the current situation of college English teaching and English reform measures. The writer makes a summarization and put forward reform measures by giving out questionnaires and making a survey of many colleges.


The process of crude benzene recovery analysis and design the control program of humanoid intelligent, in order to control the temperature of rich-oil, the top of benzole stripping column and the condenser. Intelligent control system consists of two-story. Top-level application expert systems identify the system status and trends real-time, and harmonize and optimize of each sub-control system of the bottom through the expert rules. The bottom constitutes a multi-loop fuzzy controller with the combination of modern control and fuzzy control: multi-loop fuzzy controller bear to achieve the temperature control of the rich-oil, the top of benzole stripping column and the condenser. The simulation results of the bottom controller show that: introducing intelligent control algorithm in the process of temperature regulation is a great performance.


Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) is a single currency to measure the contribution of an ecosystem to society. It is the sum of the value of products and services provided by the ecosystem to humans. Based on this, GEP characterizes the current situation of the ecological environment in a region and can measure the contribution index provided by ecosystems. Based on land use data, rainfall data, soil data, statistical yearbook, DEM and other data, this paper constructs the accounting framework of Hainan Island's GEP, quantitatively evaluates Hainan Island's GEP from 2010 to 2020 and analyzes the research results. The results are as follows: (1) The GEP of Hainan Island's ecosystem rose from 596.404 billion CNY in 2010 to 1032.096 billion CNY in 2020, an increase of about 42.21% with an average annual growth rate of 6.3%. The overall GEP has shown an upward trend. Among them, the value of regulation service accounts for the largest proportion was up to 73–83%. (2) The overall distribution of GEP in Hainan Island is uneven, decreasing from the central mountainous areas to the eastern coastal areas around to the west. In particular, Danzhou City, Wenchang City and Haikou City have higher values, while Tunchang, Baoting County and Wuzhishan City have lower values, and Wuzhishan City has the lowest values. Hainan Island is rich in natural resources, which contain great value. Through the accounting of GEP, we can clearly determine the value of the ecosystem, which can help the relevant departments estimate the GEP of Hainan Island's ecosystem. It can provide a reference for Hainan to formulate ecological protection and sustainable development policies, and for the GEP estimation of other islands.


Abstract One-hundred-thirty-five honeysuckle (Lonicera L.) taxa were evaluated in North Dakota, Manitoba and/or reviewed in the literature for relative honeysuckle aphid [Hyadaphis tataricae (Aizenberg)] susceptibility, winter hardiness and landscape characteristics. Sixty taxa are rated susceptible to highly susceptible, 13 lightly susceptible and 55 with apparent resistance to aphid attack. Lonicera tatarica L.,L. morrowii Gray. and L. ruprechtiana Reg., including cultivars and hybrids derived from these species, were particularly susceptible. Taxa with apparent aphid resistance were evaluated for hardiness zone assignment and landscape qualities. Only 3 taxa are rated in the high recommendation category for landscape planting in USDA hardiness zones 2 through 5. These include L. x brownii (Reg.) Carr. 'Dropmore Scarlet', L. x xylosteoides Tausch. 'Miniglobe' and L. xylosteum L. 'Emerald Mound'. Sixteen taxa received an average recommendation and 27 taxa a low recommendation. The 60 taxa which proved su...


The far field behavior of a small wave size cylindrical microstrip antenna (CMA) has been originally analyzed for a small elevation angle, where a pronounced maximum has been found. Also it has been found that a similar maximum takes place in the far field of an electric dipole taken instead of the patch. It has been shown that the phenomenon originates to the far field behavior of the annular electric current given in the form of n = 1 azimuthally traveling wave harmonic held in the series representation of the electric dipole field. Approximate analytical expressions have been obtained describing the far-field components for two different polarizations. Also, the CMA radiation pattern is shown to bear similarities to the pattern of an electric dipole placed on a dielectric substrate surrounding a circular metal cylinder.


Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are extensively utilized for deep learning on graphs. The large data sizes of graphs and their vertex features make scalable training algorithms and distributed memory systems necessary. Since the convolution operation on graphs induces irregular memory access patterns, designing a memory- and communication-efficient parallel algorithm for GCN training poses unique challenges. We propose a highly parallel training algorithm that scales to large processor counts. In our solution, the large adjacency and vertex-feature matrices are partitioned among processors. We exploit the vertex-partitioning of the graph to use non-blocking point-to-point communication operations between processors for better scalability. To further minimize the parallelization overheads, we introduce a sparse matrix partitioning scheme based on a hypergraph partitioning model for full-batch training. We also propose a novel stochastic hypergraph model to encode the expected communication volume in mini-batch training. We show the merits of the hypergraph model, previously unexplored for GCN training, over the standard graph partitioning model which does not accurately encode the communication costs. Experiments performed on real-world graph datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve considerable speedups over alternative solutions. The optimizations achieved on communication costs become even more pronounced at high scalability with many processors. The performance benefits are preserved in deeper GCNs having more layers as well as on billion-scale graphs.


In this paper, the authors present a reference P2P architecture based on autonomous, self-emerging semantic communities of interest CoIs for collective intelligence creation and management. An approach for enabling knowledge organization and management at the level of a single peer is presented in the paper, as well as techniques for supporting a peer to participate to the construction of a shared community vocabulary, according to the terminological preferences automatically extracted from its personal knowledge. Furthermore, an application example in the e-health domain is presented in the framework of the iCoord system for P2P semantic coordination to show the use of a manifesto-based collective intelligence for enforcing effective collaboration in a real case study.


Conclusively determining the states of the solar wind will aid in tracing the origins of those states to the Sun, and in the process help to find the wind's origin and acceleration mechanism(s). Prior studies have characterized the various states of the wind, making lists that are only partially based on objective criteria; different approaches obtain substantially different results. To uncover the unbiased states of the solar wind, we use "k-means clustering"—an unsupervised machine learning method—including constructed multipoint variables. The method allows exploration of different descriptive state variables and numbers of fundamental states (clusters). We show that the clusters reveal structures similar to those found by more ad hoc means, including coronal hole wind, interplanetary coronal mass ejections, "slow wind" (better: noncoronal hole flow), "pseudostreamers," and stream interaction regions, but with differences that should be useful in refining our previous ideas. These results demonstrate the viability of the approach and warrant further study to understand the origin of remaining discrepancies. Complexity in k-means characterization of the wind may ultimately point to complexity at the source; studies closer to the Sun with Parker Solar Probe will help. We confirm the utility of a set of variables that can serve as a proxy for composition measurements. This proxy permits studies at high time resolution and where composition is not available. This and our recently developed unsupervised multivariate clustering technique are expected to be beneficial in the automated identification of structures and events in a variety of studies.


The quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator is a novel topological state of matter characterized by a nonzero quantized Hall conductivity without an external magnetic field. Using first-principles calculations, we predict the QAH state in monolayers of covalent-organic frameworks based on the newly synthesized X_{3}(C_{18}H_{12}N_{6})_{2} structure where X represents 5d transition metal elements Ta, Re, and Ir. The π conjugation between X d_{xz} and d_{yz} orbitals, mediated by N p_{z} and C p_{z} orbitals, gives rise to a massive Dirac spectrum in momentum space with a band gap of up to 24 meV due to strong spin-orbit coupling. We show that the QAH state can appear by chemically engineering the exchange field and the Fermi level in the monolayer structure, resulting in nonzero Chern numbers. Our results suggest a reliable pathway toward the realization of a QAH phase at temperatures between 100 K and room temperature in covalent-organic frameworks.


A10-month-old boy born at 32 weeks' gestation required ventilatory support for 1 week after birth. He was discharged from the hospital 2.5 weeks later, and subsequently was admitted multiple times for reactive airway disease. Physical examination revealed a heart rate of 120 per minute, a respiratory rate of 50 per minute, good peripheral pulses, and a soft grade ii/vi, short systolic murmur at the apex. The liver was palpable 2.5 cm below the right costal margin …


In this paper, we consider network games with incomplete information. In particular, we apply a game-theoretic network model to analyze Bayesian games on a MaxMin router. The results show that the MaxMin mechanism induces desirable Nash equilibria.


The utility model relates to a two-patch lining device; a vacuum holding groove is fixed on a working platform in an embedding way; the top side of the vacuum holding groove is provided with a sealing foxing, a group of vacuum suction discs are internally assembled in the vacuum holding groove, a lifting device below the vacuum holding groove is connected with a lower vacuum suction disc in the vacuum holding groove, and an upper vacuum suction disc is connected with a lifting cantilever, the other end of the lifting cantilever is connected with the a transverse moving locating mechanism which is fixedly assembled on a vertical plate of the working platform; an upper patch adsorbed by the upper vacuum suction disc is located with a lower parch adsorbed by the lower vacuum suction disc in a vacuum holding groove by virtue of the transverse moving locating mechanism, and the integration position is calculated in the vacuum holding groove after imitation and contraposition by a camera, the lifting cantilever is driven to go down, thereby leading the upper vacuum suction disc to be tightly lined with the sealing foxing, an evacuating device can pump out the air in the vacuum holding groove, and the lifting device is driven for leading the lower patch of the lower vacuum suction disc to press down to the upper patch of the upper vacuum suction disc, so as to form the patch, achieve the purpose that the patch is aligned and does not contain bubbles and finish the hard to hard lining of the two patches, which a rolling wheel can not carried out.


Abstract The isotropically averaged nonresonant microscopic third order susceptibility ⟨γ⟩ has been measured for a quasi-two dimensional metallophthalocyanine at several near infrared wavelengths. An infinite dilution extrapolation method employing the Maker fringe technique for third harmonic generation in the wedge configuration was developed for measurement of ⟨γ⟩ in liquid solutions and is presented in detail. At a fundamental wavelength of 1907 nm, ⟨γ⟩ of silicon naphthalocy-anine is measured to be −3140 ± 250 × 10−36 esu whereas ⟨γ⟩ is less than the experimental sensitivity of ±50 × 10−36 esu for a fundamental wavelength of 1543 nm. These results are discussed in terms of the dispersion of ⟨γ⟩ in the region between the 3ω resonances associated with the Q and B absorption bands.