The invention relates to a method for producing aqueous dispersions of (co)polymers using a polymer with cationic functionality, optionally with the addition of the usual additives. The polymer with cationic functionality is obtained by (co)polymerising olefinically unsaturated (co)monomers in an aqueous medium, at least one of said (co)monomers having a cationic functionality. Other (co)monomers are added and the polymerisation is carried out in the presence of suitable initiators. The polymers and/or (co)monomers are chosen and the method is controlled in such a way that a (co)polymer particle is formed with heterogeneous morphology and the resulting dispersed (co)polymer has a glass transition temperature Tg of more than approximately 50 DEG C. The invention also relates to a method for forming the polymer with cationic functionality in the presence of a seed in situ, and to redispersible powders and their use.


We examine the dynamics of a vortex dipole in the Bose–Einstein condensates of trapped dilute atomic gases at zero temperature in the presence of a Gaussian barrier potential. The density anisotropy induced by the barrier enhances the acoustic radiation from the vortex dipole. This is due to the deviation of the condensate density from the equipotential curves and variation in the curvature of the vortex dipole trajectory. Due to the acoustic radiation, the vortex dipole dissipates energy and spirals towards the edge of the condensate. As a result, we observe an increase in the vortex–antivortex annihilation events. To examine the effect of the Gaussian barrier, we estimate the correction to the Thomas–Fermi condensate density using the perturbation expansion method and the results are in very good agreement with the numerical results.


Liver injury is a serious condition which may often lead to hepatic failure. It can occur as a consequence of insults and toxicity related to viral hepatitis, drugs, ischemia, alcohol, drugs, metabolic diseases or autoimmune disease. Liver transplantation may be required in cases of acute or fulminant liver failure beyond the capacity of the liver to repair and regenerate. While this is an effective treatment option, the scarcity of organ donors, and the medical, financial and socioeconomic factors limit its utility. New approaches to ameliorate liver injury are needed.


ABSTRACT The wide range of organs of respiration (book-gills, book-lungs, sieve- and tube-tracheae), reproduction, sensory perception, etc., among the chelicerates indicates that the major groups made the transition to land life independently. The fossil record is patchy for most chelicerate groups, certain intervals (e.g. Westphalian) being particularly rich in chelicerate bearing Lagerstatten while in others (e.g. Mesozoic) they are sparse. Due, apparently, to their unusual hyaline exocuticle, scorpions are better preserved than other arthropods, and show a fairly continuous record from fully aquatic forms in the Silurian, to both aquatic and terrestrial faunas in the Carboniferous. In particular, new and well-preserved material of the earliest demonstrably terrestrial scorpions from the Lower Carboniferous of East Kirkton, West Lothian, suggests that book-lungs, at least in the scorpions, developed directly from book-gills by suturing of the covering plate (Blattfuss of the related eurypterids) to leave stigmata for diffusion of air. This evidence supports the ideas of early authors that the scorpion mesosomal 'sternites' are fused plates, contra Kjellesvig-Waering (1986) who envisaged the plates being lost to reveal true sternites beneath. The fossil evidence also indicates that by the Triassic at least two scorpion lineages had evolved intra-'sternite' stigmata.


Abstract A novel approach for designing and realizing a wavelet basis function network learning controller for a linear motor control system is considered. A new condition ensuring stability robustness of a closed-loop system including a neuro controller is derived. The proposed controller deals mainly with non-linear disturbances, especially viscous friction and force ripples that occur in motion control of linear synchronous motors. It consists of two parts: the feedback controller is designed on the basis of a simple linear model, and the learning feedback component is a wavelet neuro controller. A real-time simulation scheme on a recently developed high speed, multiple input-output, digital signal processing control board is constructed to realize and evaluate the proposed design. Mathematical and real-time simulations and an experimental study are performed to validate the proposed approach.


Currently there is still a need for the development of teaching materials and no electronic LKPD has been found with a project-based STEM approach on energy materials and their utilization. The purpose of this study was to develop and determine the feasibility of electronic LKPD with a PjBL-based STEM approach on energy materials and their utilization. The research method used was RnD research with a development procedure that refered to the ADDIE development model. However, this research was only up to the development stage. The experimental subjects consisted of expert and test subjects, namely learning, material, language, media and teacher experts. The types of data were qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data were obtained from the results of expert and teacher reviews in the form of suggestions, input, and comments. Meanwhile, quantitative data were obtained from the scores on the assessment sheet. Data collection instruments used assessment sheets and interviews. The product trial used the developed electronic LKPD and assessment sheet. The results of the development showed that the final score of the learning experts was 86.7 that belonged to the very good category, the material expert got 86.7 in the very good category, the linguist got 91.4 in the very good category, the media expert got 78.9 in the good category, teacher I and teacher II obtained final grades of 97.5 and 88.7, that belonged to the very good categories. If it was calculated as a whole, the final score of 531 was included in the very good category. Therefore, the development of electronic LKPD with a PjBL-based STEM approach on energy materials and their utilization was appropriate to be used as teaching materials in class IV for theme 2 sub-theme 1.


We report ultrafast transient-grating measurements, above and below the Curie temperature, of the dilute ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As containing 6% Mn. At 80 K (15 K), we observe that photoexcited electrons in the conduction band have a lifetime of 8 ps (5 ps) and diffuse at about 70 cm2/s (60 cm2/s). Such rapid diffusion requires either an electronic mobility exceeding 7,700 cm2/Vs or a conduction-band effective mass less than half the GaAs value. Our data suggest that neither the scattering rate nor the effective mass of the (Ga,Mn)As conduction band differs significantly from that of GaAs.


a b s t r a c t This work reviews A. B. Templeman's research in the maximum entropy principle applied to structural optimization, which consists in defining a probabilistic approach for the optimality criteria. This new reasoning does not assume aprioristically which conditions could be active in the optimum point, giving a completely rational point of view to the optimization problem. After reviewing the state of the art, a new formulation, which simplifies and improves previous methodologies, is developed. This new method turns the optimization problem into solving successively systems of equations with the same dimension as the number of design variables. Since this algorithm requires obtaining first order sensitivities, it can be considered as a new gradient method. After the theoretical description, the algorithm is tested with two examples of truss structures. Results show a good performance of the algorithm, based on comparisons with other alternatives found in the literature.


Foreign direct investment is considered a significant source of capital inflows in developing countries. Along with its several impacts, FDI also influences the employment level of the host country. This study investigated the impact of foreign direct investment on employment in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. We employed the annual data from 1984-2010 to test this relationship. The stationary of the variables was checked by applying ADF test. To find the relationship among variables, we applied ARDL approach. We found existence of co-integration between FDI and employment. Results also illustrated a significant long run direct relationship between variables.


Introduction Various commentators on urban policy in the 1980s criticised the government for failing to acknowledge issues of race. They argued that "trickle-down" property-led regeneration had not worked and that what was required was greater targeting of benefits to certain groups and individuals. Some projects for ethnic minority groups, particularly those within the Task Force initiative, however, did have some success. As was the case with the more successful Task Forces projects,


An equivalent circuit of an environmental sensor (1) is provided with a saturation resistance (r o ), a first resistance (r a ) affected by the environment thereof and a second resistance (r n ) adapted to change according to an odor pressure. In the equivalent circuit, the saturation resistance is connected in series a parallel connection of the first and second resistances. Such a circuit is used with a method for measuring or normalizing odor pressure, or in an odor detection system, particularly for use as a fire detection system.


This thesis shows how online management of both quality of service (QoS) and provider revenue can be performed in third generation (3G) mobile networks by adaptive control of system parameters to changing traffic conditions. As a main result, this approach is based on a novel call admission control and bandwidth degradation scheme for real-time traffic. The admission controller considers real-time calls with two priority levels: calls of high priority have a guaranteed bit-rate, whereas calls of low priority can be temporarily degraded to a lower bit-rate in order to reduce forced termination of calls due to a handover failure. A second contribution constitutes the development of a Markov model for the admission controller that incorporates important features of 3G mobile networks, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) intraand inter-cell interference and soft handover. Online evaluation of the Markov model enables a periodical adjustment of the threshold for maximal call degradation according to the currently measured traffic in the radio access network and a predefined goal for optimization. Using distinct optimization goals, this allows optimization of both QoS and provider revenue. Performance studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and show that QoS and provider revenue can be increased significantly with a moderate degradation of low-priority calls. Compared with existing admission control policies, the overall utilization of cell capacity is significantly improved using the proposed degradation scheme, which can be considered as an "on demand" reservation of cell capacity. To enable online QoS/revenue management of both real-time and non real-time services, accurate analytical traffic models for non real-time services are required. This thesis identifies the batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP) as the analytically tractable model of choice for the joint characterization of packet arrivals and packet lengths. As a key idea, the BMAP is customized such that different packet lengths are represented by batch sizes of arrivals. Thus, the BMAP enables the "two-dimensional", i.e., joint, characterization of packet arrivals and packet lengths, and is able to capture correlations between the packet arrival process and the packet length process. A novel expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is developed, and it is shown how to utilize the randomization technique and a stable calculation of Poisson jump probabilities effectively for computing time-dependent conditional expectations of a continuous-time Markov chain required by the expectation step of the EM algorithm. This methodological work enables the EM algorithm to be both efficient and numerical robust and constitutes an important step towards effective, analytically/numerically tractable traffic models. Case studies of measured IP traffic with different degrees of traffic burstiness evidently demonstrate the advantages of the BMAP modeling approach over other widely used analytically tractable models and show that the joint characterization of packet arrivals and packet lengths is decisively for realistic traffic modeling at packet level.


Colour preference and energy efficiency have long been considered significant characteristics that cannot be maximized simultaneously. Numerous investigations on colour preference and evaluation have been carried out. Sources with larger gamut generally enhance object chroma, which has been found to be preferred by previous studies, however, excessively large gamut may lower preference due to oversaturation. This paper describes a psychophysical experiment for the comparison of the colour preference evaluation among sources of different hue-specific chroma changes and how preference affects energy efficiency. A retail lighting application was created in two side-by-side presentations. A two-metric colour rendering system, consisting of average fidelity and gamut metrics, cannot fully describe colour quality and underscore the importance of a colour rendering graphic. Different spectras with the same correlated colour temperature, average fidelity and average gamut were implemented using an optimized spectral power distributions calculation in order to have systematic variation in gamut shape. Participants of different ages made preference assessments of chromatic objects in a forced-choice protocol, where they evaluated the pairs in a sequential mode. Specific colours strongly influenced participants' assessments, indicating that gamut shape, additionally to gamut area, is an important component of predicting colour preference and energy efficiency.


The article is devoted to the study of four-wave mixing (FWM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier with quantum dots (QD-SOA). Experimental measurements of FWM signals are characterized in nonlinear media of GaAs-based QD-SOA with gain in the 1,550 nm region. Theoretical part of nonlinear effect of FWM is studied and important all-optical communication applications are listed. Experimental studies of a four-wave system are described and an analysis of FWM signals is given for various input powers of pump signals and injection currents. The devices are compared in terms of such parameters as conversion efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio. The results of the study made it possible to reveal the possibility of the effect of FWM signals on useful signals in channels with spectral division multiplexing wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) in the downstream and upstream in a semiconductor optical amplifier. Based on the experimental results, it was concluded that FWM does not affect adjacent channels of WDM signals and does not generate additional optical noise when scaling the WDM gigabit passive optical network (GPON) up to 60 km using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs).


The invention relates to a preparation technology of Ce-Zr-based oxygen-storage materials, and belongs to the technical field of oxygen-storage material preparation. The preparation technology of the Ce-Zr-based oxygen-storage materials comprises the steps of material dissolving, mixing, sedimentation, heat insulation treatment, washing, firing and breaking. Carbonate of Ce, Zr and rare earth elements is adopted as raw materials in material dissolving. The rare earth elements comprise two or more kinds of La, Y, Pr and Nd. Heat insulation treatment is carried out when sedimentation is finished, the heat insulation temperature ranges from 30 DEG C to 50 DEG C, and the heat insulation time ranges from 0.5 hour to 4 hours. High-temperature heat treatment and a pressure container are not needed, the aim can be achieved only through low-temperature heat insulation, the safety factor is improved, and production cost is obviously lowered. The preparation technology is easy to operate and control, and large-scale production is facilitated. The specific surface area of a fresh product manufactured through the preparation technology is still higher than 45 m /g after aging is carried out for 10 hours at 1000 DEG C, and the oxygen storage amount is higher than 700 micro-mol/g.


A six-session group program model is described. It is designed to facilitate the adjustment of preschoolers to separation and divorce of parents. Goals are specified and the plan of each group session outlined. Some preliminary observations regarding outcome are discussed.


The purpose of this case study was to introduce botulinum toxin A injection in cerebral palsy. Spasticity can be managed using a variety of methods....


BACKGROUND
 To address the matter of limited resources for treating persons with mental disorders, eMental health gained in interest in the last years in particular for psychoeducation, or behavior change. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have been suggested as electronic mental health interventions, accompanying cognitive behavior therapy (CBT).

 OBJECTIVE
 The current study aims to identify which therapeutic aspects of CBT have been implemented in existing mHealth apps and by which technologies. We want to find out how mHealth apps impact on patients' agency within healthcare processes. With "enabling" we refer to the enrichment of persons' repertoire of available healthcare practices and the growth of individual capacity of self-help through the use of mHealth interventions.

 METHODS
 Through a literature review we identified studies that studied mHealth apps that implement techniques of CBT. Studies from three databases were screened: PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library. Data from studies fulfilling the eligibility criteria were extracted and synthesized narratively. From the results of the literature review, we derived which self-help practices of patients with mental disorders are enabled by CBT-based mHealth apps.

 RESULTS
 Out of 530 citations retrieved, 34 studies were included in this review. The apps described often support diary keeping, monitoring of mood and behavior or provide exercises and information. Three of the four CBT techniques are integrated in mHealth apps. They enable patients to self-manage and self-monitor their mental state and access relevant information on their disease which helps coping with mental health problems and allows self-treatment. However, the fourth group of CBT techniques, "exposure", is not realized in mHealth apps.

 CONCLUSIONS
 mHealth apps for CBT can shift agency to patients through additional self-help and self-management tools supporting specific, but not all aspects of the treatment. Patients and therapists are not yet enabled sufficiently to identify evidence-based mHealth apps due to missing selection criteria and details on efficacy or data security and privacy. Research on ethical issues and socio-cultural biases of mHealth apps has been identified as desiderata.


Dear Editor, Opportunistic infections are an important cause of mortality in patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or Wegener's granulomatosis. While nocardiosis is rarely reported in patients with vasculitis, we present a case of GPA complicated by two coincidental opportunistic infections (pseudomonas septicemia and disseminated nocardiosis with brain involvement) which was treated successfully with meropenem. A 31-year-old woman with known GPA was admitted with masses of pectoral area on 4 January, 2015. Her disease presented 9 months ago with sinusitis, arthralgia, multiple opacities in the lung, nephritis, palpable purpura and positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA). Biopsy of the skin lesions showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. After diagnosing GPA, induction therapy was started with prednisolone 60 mg/day and oral cyclophosphamide (CYC) 125 mg/day. One month before admission, her disease had been in remission and prednisolone dose had been tapered to 20 mg/day, but she developed subcutaneous masses on her chest wall. She also reported generalized abdominal pain, vomiting and non-bloody diarrhea from 7 days before. On admission, she was ill and febrile (temperature 38°C) but not toxic. She had a 6 9 7 cm soft and warm fluctuating mass on her anterior chest wall, a 5 9 5 cm mass on her back in the inferior part of the chest, and a 2 9 3 cm right axillary mass which was fistulized and had purulent discharge. Her abdomen was generally tender, especially in the lower quadrants. The laboratory data were as follows: leukocyte count, 3.5 9 10/ lL (62.1% neutrophils, 32% lymphocytes); hemoglobin, 10.3 mg/dL; erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 60 mm/h; C-reactive protein 60.7 mg/L (normal ≤ 10). Urea, creatinine, urine analysis, liver function tests and electrolytes were normal. The c-ANCA/ PR3 titer was significantly elevated at 110 enzymelinked immunosorbent assay units (reference range, <20), while perinuclear ANCA/MPO (myeloperoxidase) was negative. Serology for cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr, hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus was negative. Ultrasonography revealed three hypoechoic masses with solid components in the right breast and axilla and posterior chest wall area. Computed tomography of chest and abdomen showed left renal vein thrombosis and inflammation in mesentery and walls of intestinal loops. The masses were drained and one of them excised. The pathologic examination of the mass showed only degenerated and necrotic connective tissue with aggregation of polymorphonuclear cells and macrophages and fibrin deposition. Gram stain of pus showed branching and beading Gram-positive bacilli. They stained with modified acid-fast staining. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also isolated from two sets of blood cultures. After diagnosing cutaneous nocardiosis and pseudomonas septicemia, sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) 1200 mg + trimethoprim (TMP) 240 mg every 8 h orally, ciprofloxacin 400 mg every 12 h intravenously (i.v.), ceftazidime 2 g every 8 h i.v. were started and daily surgical drainage with debridement was performed. Heparin full dose was also started. After 10 days of treatment, the patient was afebrile. On day 13 the patient's general condition was improved and Doppler ultrasonography revealed resolution of the left renal vein clot, but drainage of the pus from the pectoralis area continued. Therefore, ciprofloxacin was discontinued and meropenem 2 g every 8 h was started. On the 21st day of hospitalization, drainage of pus was stopped and all the masses disappeared. On day 23 the patient developed blurred vision and grand mal seizure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed six masses in the right occipital and temporoparietal lobes with ring enhancement (Fig. 1). Therefore, treatment with vancomycin 1 g every 8 h i.v. was initiated. Despite the adequate therapy with phenytoin, the episodes of generalized seizure persisted. Brain MRI performed on day 30 demonstrated


The present invention provides a micro-fabrication methods that may be used in the manufacture of MEMS devices. The process of the invention has the step of depositing one layer or stacked layers on a substrate (100). The top layer of one layer or stacked layers is a sacrificial layer (102). The process according to the invention, further, forming a pattern on one layer or stacked layer, forming at least one through-hole exposing the base layer to one layer or stacked layers, on the one layer or stacked layer It has a step of depositing a light sensitive layer (106), through a light from at least one through-hole, and a step of exposing the photosensitive layer to.


Helminthofauna of birds is investigated for the first time in territory of the south of the Middle Volga region. 31 species of parasites is registered in birds of orders Passeriformes and Coraciiformes from the Samarskaya Luka: Trematoda 13 species, Cestoda 9, Nematoda 8, Acanthocephala 1. Acanthocephalan Prosthorynchus gracilis is registered for the first time at birds of Russian fauna. Trematodes Brachylaemus fuscatus and Mosesia аmplavaginata are marked for birds for the first time in the Middle Volga region. New hosts are specified for 2 species of parasites. For everyone helminthes species is underlined its systematic position, localization, a circle of hosts, features of biology, geographical distribution, a degree of specificity of the parasite, parameters of extensiveness and intensity of infection.


Fractal compression is a technique for encoding images compactly. It is built on local self similarities within the images. Image blocks are seen as rescaled and intensity transformed approximate the copies of blocks found elsewhere in the image. In this paper the Fractal image compression technique using fixed level of scaling is proposed in which the time of encoding process is considerably reduced. This work explains the predefined fixed level of scaling instead of scanning the parameter(S) Space [0,1].This novel point is used to point the reasonable estimation of S and use them in a encoding process as predefined values. The algorithm is implemented in Matlab for a standard set of images. Keywords— Domain and Range block, Fractal, Image compression, Iterative Function System (IFS)


The regulation of adipocyte lipolysis is increasingly believed to influence insulin resistance, in a process that may be associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the molecular basis of the relationship between mitochondrial protein expression, lipolytic responsiveness, and insulin resistance remains unknown. A set of proteins that shows altered abundances in the mitochondria of untreated and treated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with TNF‐α or isoproterenol was identified. These include the proteins associated with energy production, including fatty acid oxidation, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Proteins associated with oxidative stress dissipation were down‐regulated in lipolytically stimulated adipocytes. Lipolytic stimulation with isoproterenol and TNF‐α, which is also a potent proinflammatory cytokine, showed some noticeable differences in mitochondrial protein expression. For example, isoproterenol markedly enhanced the expression of prohibitin which is involved in the integrity of mitochondria but TNF‐α did not. These results provide valuable information on mitochondrial dysfunction associated with oxidative stress induced by lipolytic stimulation. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 257–266, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract A theoretical model is developed to examine light scattered from a curved optical surface with a defined surface form. The contribution of the surface form to scattering patterns is separated from that of the surface roughness. Experiments are carried out on a curved surface. Measurements are analysed and compared with theoretical calculations. The power spectrum density function and the autocorrelation function of the surface roughness are recovered from the measured scattering pattern.


The FQS website was relaunched in 2003 during which the Spanish speaking staff began a restructuring process that lasted over 1 year. This process was aimed at encouraging the participation of native Spanish speaking qualitative researchers into the international audience of FQS. In July 2004, the idea of publishing "Qualitative Research in Ibero America" was discussed between the German, American and Spanish editors. To realize this project meant a rather difficult and challenging task for all involved in the face of the affordances that are inherent in producing multi-lingual texts and especially in regards to our intention to make the Ibero American stock of knowledge accessible for an international qualitative research community.1 [1]


novel insights on the military radicalization of the RPF in the aftermath of the genocide. In addition, his analysis of the pogroms and massacres of Congolese civilians at the hands of RPF soldiers provides useful context for understanding what motivates the RPF to maintain an active military presence in eastern Congo. Second, The Great African War highlights the important role of the international community in both fueling the violence and brokering a durable peace. In particular, Reyntjens calls the international community, notably France and the United States, to task for its failure to commit the necessary diplomatic and material resources to understanding the Congo war. He argues that the old Cold War logic of backing corrupt African rulers is no longer applicable and that the international community needs to base its humanitarian interventions on knowledge of the underlying political problems that drive regional conflict. The Great African War has one key shortcoming that may leave novice readers overwhelmed and more knowledgeable ones frustrated with descriptive overkill. First, readers without some knowledge of key political actors in Congo, Burundi, and Rwanda and the issues over which they are fighting may be lost in the details, as Reyntjens does not adequately untangle the complex political, economic, and security concerns that drive the Congo war. In his detailed description of the politics of neighboring countries, Reyntjens sometimes loses track of the relationships between Congolese actors and their Rwandan and Burundian counterparts. Although readers with little knowledge of the region will benefit greatly from this nuanced and detailed approach, others will long for a similar approach to regional and national political dynamics in Zaire. In particular, discussion of the internal processes that shaped the successive governments of Laurent Kabila and his son Joseph is an obvious example of the analytical imbalance that part of The Great African War exhibits. This shortcoming could have been addressed with a longer introduction to the book that would include analysis of the causes of the conflict, the motivations of its many actors, and the stakes for each. Indeed, Reyntjens's deep understanding of the ever-shifting alliances among regional governments and the two dozen or so armed groups and proxies that make the Congo War intractable is lost in the excessive detail. It is perhaps only those observers who actively follow events in the region who will be able to distinguish the forest for the trees. Still, The Great African War is an excellent, comprehensive, and balanced account of the Congo War. This book will be of interest to seasoned analysts as an informed source for their own research in the region. Graduate students and others seeking to study any of the countries of the Great Lakes region must also read this book. The book is dense with detail, but those who read it carefully will be duly rewarded. It is an impressive account of the war, its actors and issues, and its regional implications. The Great African War also serves to remind us that the countries of the Great Lakes Region cannot be understood in isolation; rather, a regional approach is necessary.


This paper is the second one in a series dedicated to the study of the kinematics of the local universe. It gives 361 new optical and radio redshifts measured at ESO, OHP and Nancay Observatories


Cross‐sex hormone treatment of transgender persons is usually uneventful, but hormone‐sensitive malignancies of the (reproductive) organs of the natal and new sex (breasts, neovagina) may arise. Sex reassignment surgery impacts on the urodynamics of the reassigned sex. Pathology originating from organ systems of the natal sex may be overlooked in the new sex. In male‐to‐female transgender individuals, malignant tumors of the breasts and prostate may occur. Neovaginas are constructed with skin or sigmoid. Shortening of the male urethra to female dimensions is usually uneventful. In female‐to‐male transgender individuals breast cancer may develop, sometimes in residual mammary tissue after reductive mammoplasty. Malignancies of the vagina and ovaries are rare. Testosterone may be aromatized to estrogens, with effects on the endometrium. Lengthening of the female urethra to male dimensions may cause urethral fistulae, urethral strictures, and meatal stenoses. A degree of post‐voiding incontinence may occur.


The existing state of knowledge does not warrant any clear-cut generalization as to the effect of population growth on economic development in today's less developed areas. Some theoretical analyses argue that high population growth creates pressures on limited natural resources, reduces private and public capital formation, and diverts additions to capital resources to maintaining rather than increasing the stock of capital per worker. Others point to positive effects such as economies of scale and specialization, the possible spur to favorable motivation caused by increased dependency, and the more favorable attitudes, capacities, and motivations of younger populations compared with older ones. The actual evidence on the association between growth rates of population and per capita income does not point to any uniform conclu sion, though the true relationship may be obscured in a simple two-variable comparison. None of this means that per capita income growth, currently and in the past, would have been the same if population growth rates had been markedly higher or lower. But it is possible that the effect of population growth on economic development has been exaggerated, or that no single generalization is justified for countries differing as widely in growth rates, densities, and income levels as do today's less developed areas. Clearly there is need for more intensive re search on the actual experience of nations, currently and in the past.


Performance of employees is the job performance or work ( outputs ) of both quality and quantity of work achieved in the time period of union employees perform work tasks . While the satisfaction of the people are satisfied or dissatisfied feeling someone after comparing the results of the product through the performance of employees who have been granted . Factors that determine the performance of employees and community satisfaction in the quality of service is five quality variables are: tangible , assurance , reliability, responsiveness and empathy . Subdistrict is a government agency that has duties in the service of ID cards and KK . The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of tangible, assurance, reliability, responsiveness , empathy for the employee 's performance has implications for people's satisfaction at the district office Banyumanik Semarang . The population in this research is a district community Banyumanik in doing KTP and KK . The sample in this study using the 100 respondents. In this research, the sampling technique uses accidental sampling, data collection with questionnaires and methods of analysis using multiple linear regression. Results of the analysis showed that the factors of service quality (tangible , assurance , reliability, responsiveness , and empathy ) and simultaneous partial positive influence on employee performance , as well as partial and simultaneous positive effect on people's satisfaction . Keywords : tangible ,assurance, reliability, responsiveness,empathy, performance


Objective To investigate the coinfection of other hepatitis virus in hepatitis B patients in Chengdu city.Methods HBV markers,anti-HAV IgM,anti-HCV IgM,anti-HDV IgM,antiHEV IgM/IgG and anti-HGV IgM of serum samples collected from 196 hepatitis B patients were detected by ELISA.Results Out of 196 serum samples,18 showed coinfection(9.18%),in which,there were 2 HBV-HCV(1.02%),1 HBV-HDV(0.51%),12 HBV-HEV(6.12%),1 HBV-HGV(0.51%)and 1 HBV-HEV-HGV(0.51%) coinfection.No HBV-HAV coinfection was detected in this series.In different HBV-M patterns,there was no statistic difference of the ratio of coinfection(χ~2=1.72,P0.05).Conclusion The coinfection of hepatitis virus shows area characteristic.It is important to detect other hepatitis virus at the time to detect HBV.


A two-point tuning VCO with switchable secondary tuning gain KVCO2 is designed in 65nm CMOS for a two-point modulation PLL-based phase modulator that is to serve as phase-modulating part of a quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE polar transmitter. The two-point tuning VCO employs two varactor banks for dual tuning capability. The second varactor bank is a differentially tuned structure and its gain KVCO2 is switchable to minimize its variation for maintaining optimum second-point modulation gain. Fabricated in 65nm CMOS, the VCO draws 8 mA from 2 V supply. It covers the 2930-4150 MHz. The phase noise is -142dBc/Hz at 10MHz offset for 3.9 GHz output frequency. The silicon area of the VCO and accompanying dividers is 810 × 600 μm2.


In the mid 2000s, a fundamental labour market reform was carried out in Germany. The so-called Hartz-reforms were supposed to implement the paradigms of "activation" and "individual responsibility". It was also discussed, whether in this context the "adult worker model" and more gender equality in the labour market should and could be achieved. This article clarifies ambivalent impact of the reforms on women: there is a stronger but only partial labour market inclusion predominantly into the low-wage sector. Women ́s responsibility in private care remains unchanged. Besides, in both fields, gender equality is not only a matter of quantity but also of quality. In other words, it is not about work inclusion at any cost, but rather the circumstances for female employment must be critically analyzed. The labour market reforms have so far done little to oppose the gender specific structures of the labour market.


Melamine is a raw ingredient for plastics, but it is frequently misused by adding it to food to give the false impression of a high protein content, since the molecule has a very high nitrogen content. Samples of dried milk obtained from 5 manufacturers containing varying levels of melamine were illuminated by a small cross-section of a laser beam and the scattered light was examined. The presence of melamine in contaminated milk could be immediately detected without any chemical or physical alteration of the milk by interpreting its Raman scattering spectra. Among its many Raman bands, the intense 676 cm -1 band was the most useful for detecting melamine; detection limit was about 1% (w/w). Because this method does not extract melamine from the dried milk sample, it reduces the risk of error that may occur during the extraction and interaction with chemical reagents. The method provides a very rapid screening test for melamine-adulterated dried milk in food chemistry and forensic toxicology.


The paper deals with the study of affine maximal surfaces with admissible singularities. We shall give some fundamental notions, results, tools and open problems that keep unsolved up to date.


Superfund renewal cleared another hurdle last week when the House Energy & Commerce Committee unanimously approved a carefully crafted consensus bill. But several obstacles—not the least being a cramped legislative calendar—must be overcome before the bill becomes law. The bill, H.R. 3800, is a delicate compromise fashioned by Rep. Al Swift (D.-Wash.), Rep. Michael G. Oxley (R.Ohio), Rep. Rick Boucher (D.-Va.), and the Environmental Protection Agency after consultation with major stakeholders. The bill has been well received by chemical makers and the major insurance association, but only reluctantly supported by most environmental groups. As voted out of committee, the bill allocates fair-share cleanup obligations, through arbitration, among responsible parties while limiting liability for small polluters. It establishes a uniform, negotiated national standard that determines the degree of health risk permitted at any cleaned up site. It provides for enhanced state and community roles in cleanup decision...


The smallest unit of a verb is its stem and it is this stem that is most frequently used as the imperative. There are other means as well, all based on a stem plus a suffix: a polite request is issued in two ways, depending on whether one or more persons are being addressed. A third form is the compelling request, being applied as encouragement or to convey a certain degree of impatience. A paraphrased request is formed by using, for instance, an affirmative of negated present-tense form or by a verb form expressing possibility. Instructions can also be given in a declarative form expressing present or future. A certain 'imperative' effect can of course also be achieved by using modal forms corresponding to 'can' and 'may'.


An 18-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with uncontrollable writhing movements.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: Three weeks prior to admission, the patient began experiencing bilateral knee pain. She also had "biting" abdominal pain and a sensation of "stinging nettles" in the neck. Abnormal movements of the extremities and torso then ensued. The family described bizarre mental behavior. For the 3 days before admission, the patient had been unable to speak or feed. Fever and cough were also reported.

The patient had visited an outside institution, where she was treated for malaria, typhoid, and gonorrhea.

REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: Several weeks previous to the onset of symptoms, the patient had suffered from a sore throat.

PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: None

MEDICATIONS: None

FAMILY HISTORY: No similar illnesses

SOCIAL HISTORY: The patient lives in a rural Kenyan Maasai community. She is married without children. She does not use tobacco or alcohol. There was no history of animal bites.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: The vital signs were blood pressure 110/70 mm Hg, pulse 80/minute, respiratory rate 20/minute, temperature 37.5° Celsius, and oxygen saturation 90% breathing ambient air. Most striking was the presence of severe choreiform movements of the whole body Video 1. She was coughing frequently. The oropharynx was clear without tonsillar enlargement or thrush. The heart displayed a regular rate and rhythm without murmurs, rubs, or gallops. The lungs were clear to auscultation. Abdominal examination revealed no tenderness or organomegaly. There was no rash, nodules, edema, joint swelling, or evidence of active arthritis. The patient was awake, alert, and attempted to follow simple commands but was unable to speak. When asked for a verbal reply, she simply did not respond. The cranial nerves appeared grossly intact. Strength, sensation, and reflexes could not be formally evaluated due to the chorea, but no gross abnormalities were detected.

Video 1.

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LABORATORY EVALUATION: Hemoglobin 17.1, hematocrit 51.9, white blood cell count 10,600 with 67% polymorphonuclear cells and 33% lymphocytes, platelet count 454,000, and MCV 88.8. A smear for malaria parasites was negative, as was a VDRL. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 43. A chest x-ray was normal.

What is the most likely diagnosis? What is the next step in management?


Installation of pipes (conduit) in the building columns often found in reinforced concrete structures. The installation of pipes inside the columns is utilized as sanitary and mechanical electrical pipes. The case research in this study is to analyze the rectangular column with the applied research type (applied/pratical research). This research aims to analyze the impact of the holes on square rectangular columns. This calculation consists of 675 samples with differentconcrete compression strength (f'c), reinforcement area, holes area, and the dimensions of the column. Analysis of the calculation of hollow rectangular columns using the stress-strain relationship equation developed by Hognestaad. The results of the analysis on hollow rectangular columns resulted in a decrease column capacity. The largest decrease of the rectangular column capacity occurred on holes area of 7%, with concrete compression strength 30 MPa, and dimensions of the column 450 x 1800 mm which is 16.97%.


This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality, price, and product quality simultaneously and partially on fast food purchasing decisions at the Smack Burger restaurant, Ngagel Jaya Selatan, Surabaya. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. The sample of this research is 80 consumers of Smack Burger Ngagel Jaya Selatan, Surabaya. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) Based on the results of the simultaneous test (F) it is known that Fcount is 57.707 > Ftable is 2.72. This means that there is an effect of service quality, price and product quality together on purchasing decisions on consumers of Smack Burger Ngagel Jaya Selatan Surabaya, (2) The partial test results show that the variables of service quality (not significant), price (significant) and product quality (significantly) has an effect on purchasing decisions at the Smack Burger restaurant, Ngagel Jaya Selatan Surabaya.
Keywords: Service Quality, Price, Product Quality and Purchase Decision


In this communication, a bibliographical review of existing criteria leading to evaluate the risk of rollover for wheeled vehicles is proposed. This gives a general overview of the problem of the attitude stability and the practical way to manage it. These criteria may be classified in two sets, the former being only concerned with static solutions and the latter including dynamic concepts. In both cases, the computation of the criterion needs values of variables that must be either directly measured or indirectly estimated by state observers based upon suitable models. This review results thus into lists of sensors and a priori knowledge necessary to evaluate the risk criterion. This analysis opens the way to algorithms aiming to evaluate and even forecast the risk of rollover.


Objective To determine the frequency of deranged serum lipids in male patients with androgenetic alopecia. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatients department of Dermatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi over a period of six months i.e. January 2015 to June 2015. Male patients between 25-65 years with androgenetic alopecia were enrolled in the study. Blood samples for fasting serum lipids were taken during the same visit. All data were entered and analyzed. Results Total 150 patients were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria. Mean age in high and low triglycerides patients was 46.87+10.58 years and 42.32+11.29 years, respectively. Similarly, mean age (years) in normal and low HDL was 42.17+10.87 years and 48.13+10.21 years, respectively. There were 131 (87.3%) patients who presented with high triglycerides levels whereas 19 (12.7%) patients had normal triglycerides. Similarly, there were 46 (30.7) patients who presented with normal HDL levels where as 104 (69.3) patients had low HDL levels. Conclusion The study concluded that serum lipids were deranged in male patients of androgenetic alopecia.


Longleaf pine ecosystems have experienced pronounced declines across the southeastern United States since Euro-American settlement took place in the late 19th century. These declines were primarily caused by federal fire suppression policies implemented in the 1920's, in combination with resource harvesting and land use conversion. In an absence of fire, tree species composition of frequently burned xeric ecosystems progressively becomes more mesic and fire-intolerant (i.e. mesophication). The change in the species composition and historic fire frequency of a montane longleaf pine ecosystem located in Sheffield Wildlife Management Area (WMA), Paulding County, Georgia was investigated. The change in forest composition was measured using modern vegetation surveys and historic "witness tree" vegetation data obtained from a georeferenced 1832 Georgia Land Lottery Survey map. The historic fire return interval was estimated using remnant longleaf stumps and dendrochronological techniques. Results from -tests indicated the modern forest is significantly more mesic and fire-intolerant than the historic forest (p < 0.0001), with no statistically significant difference in species composition between northand south-facing slopes. A chronology for longleaf pine was constructed using 214 cores from extant longleaf pine and 14 relict stumps found in Sheffield WMA. Using fire scars found in seven of the preserved stumps, the historic mean fire return interval was calculated to be 5.5-years with a median return interval of 3.5-years. It was concluded that mesophication has occurred in Sheffield WMA since Euro-American settlement, and that fires were historically present in the forest but likely of low intensity and fragmented across the landscape.


Currently, a biologically inspired airfoil camber morphing mechanism known as the Fish Bone Active Camber is under development. Initial prototypes have shown a large control authority and significantly improved aerodynamic performance over traditional trailing edge flaps. Further advancement of the concept requires a structural analysis method which can accurately capture the stiffness properties and large deformations of the compliant morphing structure. Additionally, it is desired that this code be easily updated for changes in model geometry and material properties and that the computational costs be minimized. This work presents two methods; one a low-fidelity approach based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and the other a high fidelity commercial Finite Element Analysis software. Deflection predictions from both methods are compared to experimental results for a Fish Bone Active Camber prototype. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory based analysis is found to provide good levels of accuracy at very low computational cost. While the Finite Element Analysis software is significantly more accurate for some, but not all, of the configurations tested, it always takes significantly longer to run. The beam theory analysis is also more amenable to changes in geometric and material properties, and so is the focus of continued work.


Many species in the Rosaceae family are cultivated and eaten asculinary fruits throughout the world. Although the outer fleshy part offruits such as apricots , peaches, and numerous types of plums is indeeddelicious, the stone contains toxic cyanogenic heterosides. The bestknown of these poisons is amygdalin. Hydrolysis of these molecules inthe digestive tract of mammals can release hydrocyanic acid that canlead to cyanide poisoning.


As electrical energy will be supplied from renewable sources; large wind farms are being connected to the existing distribution network may lead to the increasing fault levels beyond the capacity of existing switchgear. Also, with connecting distributed generation the radial structure of distribution network is disturbed and some disruption may appear to its protection system. Using fault current limiters at the output of large distributed generation units, can be considered as a solution to restrict the fault current and prevent disruption performance of protective equipment. In this paper, resistive superconducting fault current limiters (RFCLs) are introduced and their performance in management of fault level in a power system including wind turbine shown by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation. Studies showed that the proposed FCL is not only able to decrease fault level but also can to prevent incoordination protective equipment to the network.


Malaysia and Singapore had parted more than five decades ago. Much of the existing literature concerned about the bilateral ties between two economies focusing on the political economy perspective. This paper aims to provide insights on the economic development and prospects of Malaysia and Singapore at the national level. In addition, this paper also makes a pioneering attempt at conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis between Malaysia and Singapore at the city level.,This paper offers a case study of Malaysia and Singapore by assessing their national economic competitiveness, urban standards of living and quality of life. The paper leverages on a series of indices such as the competitiveness index for ASEAN-10, the cost of living, wages and purchasing power of ordinary residents, as well as the liveable cities index to perform the analysis.,In terms of national competitiveness, the analysis shows that Singapore and Malaysia have been leading the ASEAN region from 2000 onwards, being the top- and second-ranked, respectively. Malaysia still lags Singapore in several aspects such as attractiveness to foreign investors and standard of living, education and social stability despite insignificant differences in the ranking. City-level analysis shows that the cost of living in Singapore is almost double of that in Kuala Lumpur, although living in Singapore is more affordable owing to the higher wage rate received by the ordinary citizens.,This paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, this paper assesses economic development in Singapore and Malaysia instead of focusing on cross-straits relations. Second, the study reflects the view that the improvement of standards of living and quality of life for ordinary residents is paramount to economic development. The competitiveness index and city-level benchmarks used in the paper reflect the standards of living and the quality-of-life dimensions. Third, the focus on city-level analysis in addition to conventional national-level analysis helps to provide policymakers with practical policy implications against the backdrop of rapid urbanisation.


This thesis is part of the Arachne project which focusses on novel processor architectures that enable an ubiquitous and unobtrusive communication environment. Nowadays, the Internet provides many services of which some are envisioned to be utilized by stand alone devices. Access to those services requires an Internet Protocol stack (IP) implementation. Current solutions with IP functionality in reconfigurable hardware focus on high-end members of FPGA families and often require an embedded RISC processor. The major goal of this project is to implement a design on a low cost FPGA, while leaving space available to run an application alongside. The system is designed around the Xilinx Picoblaze, where additional modules are implemented to improve the performance and provide the required functionality. The experimental results show that such a design is feasible.


Mechanical alloying of Ti-xMg(x=4,9,15,24at%)was performed with a high energy planet ball mill.The structure and morphology of milled powder mixtures were studied by X-ray diffraction and SEM,respectively.The results show that after 48 h of milling there was a solid solution.X-ray observation shows that,Mg firstly was dissolved in the grain boundaries of Ti,then the Ti XRD peaks were broadened.With Mg content increasing the volume fraction of grain boundaries was increased,and the average grain size of Ti-Mg powder was decreased to about 10-20 nm.The aggregation of fine powders was observed under SEM.


Citations and referencing accuracy play a crucial role for readers. The aim of this study was to analyse inaccuracies of citations and referencing in the international journal of computer science and engineering published in 2015 (volume no. 7, issue nos. 1–12). This study was an experiment-based and results revealed that referencing errors of volume 7 in issue no. 1 has the highest error rate of 5% and on the other hand, issue nos. 6 and 8 have the lowest error rate of 1.4%. Similarly, in the issue no. 2, error rate is 2.5%; issue nos. 3 and 4, error rate are 2.3%; issue no. 5, error rate is 2.5%; issue no. 7, error rate is 1.7%; issue no. 9, error rate is 1.5%; issue no. 10, error rate is 3.1%; issue no. 11 and 12, error rate are 3% and 1.7% respectively. However, the results also shown that citation errors in volume 7 for the issue nos. 3, 5, 7, and 12 do not have any errors, nevertheless, issue no. 4 has the highest error rate of 3.7%, followed by 3.6% (issue no. 9), 1.3% (issue nos. 1, 6, and 11), 1.2% (issue no. 8), and 1.1% (issue no. 2). This study recommends for academics and researchers to use reference management software tools, namely, EndNote, Mendeley, RefWorks, etc. to avoid errors and redundancy in order to make more accurate citations and referencing than manual systems.


Purpose
Drawing on the corporate association framework and attribution theory, the purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine the shield effects of CSR-linked sport sponsorship on consumer attitudes toward a sponsor, attribution patterns in a sponsor's service failure and repurchase intentions and second, to investigate the halo effect of CSR-linked sport sponsorship on corporate ability (CA) associations and the relationship between CA associations and consequential variables in the context of service failure.

Design/methodology/approach
A scenario-based two-factor (sponsorship types: baseline vs sport sponsorship vs CSR-linked sport sponsorship × service failure types: flight delay vs cancellation) experimental design was employed.

Findings
The results indicate that CSR-linked sport sponsorship outperforms non-CSR sport sponsorship in forming CSR association and developing CA association. Both CSR and CA associations are found to positively influence the consumer's attitude toward a service provider. Consumers with positive attitudes attribute the sponsor's service failure to external factors, leading to repurchase intention after a service failure.

Originality/value
This study connects two fields of research, service failure and sport sponsorship, thereby providing evidence on how CSR-linked sport sponsorship can play a shield role in the context of service failure and whether CSR-linked sport sponsorship can be a proactive strategy for service providers in industries where service failures are inevitable. Additionally, this study provides empirical evidence on whether CSR-linked sponsorship can lead consumers to perceive service quality as "doing right leads to doing well" by creating a halo effect.


An outbreak of fever and dyspnea with high incidence rate and case fatality rate occurred among pigs in a pigfarm in Jilin province,China,in 2000.The paramyxovirus-like particles could be observed in lungs,spleens and kidneys of the dead pigs under the transmission electron microscope.A Newcastle disease virus(NDV) isolate designated as JL01 was determined as the causal agent for the disease outbreak.The purified virus was reinoculated into pigs,and then the pigs infected with the virus showed similar signs,and the HI antibody of NDV could be detected from the reinoculated pigs.The MDT,ICPI and EID50 of the JL01 isolate was 55.2h,1.60 and 10-7.5/0.1 mL respectively.The F gene of JL01 was cloned and sequenced,and the results showed that the identities of F gene shared by JL01 and NDV avirulent reference strains were from 91.5% to 98.5%,and could be ascribed to NDV genotype Ⅰ.Thus,the swine NDV JL01 strain should be a avirulent strain with genovariation,but the virulence of JL01 is just same as velogenic strains.


A slot antenna is formed by a plate-like conductor 2 provided vertically on the upper surface of a metallic cabinet 1 and having a square cut-out slot 3, whose length is equal to a half wavelength relative to a user frequency. The slot antenna is supplied with power by a coaxial conductor 4 and excites a half-wavelength conductor 7 through capacitive coupling. The plate 2 and conductor 7 may take various non-linear shapes.


Abstract The evolution of development ("evo-devo") has become a central concern in both evolutionary and developmental research, and human immaturity is no less a proper focus for evolutionary analysis than that of other species-if anything, it is more so. Two new books by David F. Bjorklund, a founder of evolutionary developmental psychology, summarize what we know now and propose that children invented our species. Due to the new phenomenon of partly heritable epigenetic modification of genes and the old one of the Baldwin Effect (by which plasticity leads to new selective forces on genes), this claim must be at least partly true. The inherent plasticity of children's behavior, including play, accelerated the evolution of humanity as instantiated in the human brain. Evolution cannot be understood without extensive reference to development, and nothing in childhood makes sense except in the light of evolution.


This publication was supported by the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Any interpretations and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.


Abstract From the 2010s the feminist movement has gained new impetus through widespread transnational activism, fierce resistance to continuing misogyny and sexual violence as well as by fresh currents in feminist thought. Thus, journalists and scholars characterize the proliferation of both grassroots activism and renewed discourses on women's rights in the media and in academic, political and public discussions as the emergence of a fourth wave of feminism. As a highly thought-provoking literary manifestation of these renewed discourses, Bernardine Evaristo's verse novel Girl, Woman, Other (2019) narrates the experiences of twelve (mainly) Black women in all stages of life, from young adulthood to late life. It highlights their concerns with issues of feminism, intersectionality and intergenerational relations and sets them in a historical-comparative perspective. By interweaving the experiences and memories of several generations of women and their repeated encounters with sexual harassment and gender discrimination throughout different times and places, the novel exposes the persistence of misogyny and sexism as a systemic problem. It is especially these intersectional and intergenerational perspectives that draw attention to deep-rooted structural inequalities. Thereby, and in opposition to any post-feminist stances, Evaristo's writing gives momentum to the present, transnational feminist movement and can be considered one of the foundational literary texts of the fourth wave of feminism.


This article aims to look at the treatment and management of patients presenting with delayed tooth eruption of the permanent dentition. We describe the case of a 17-year-old girl who presented having been diagnosed with Hyper-IgE syndrome. The patient was positive for the STAT-3 gene and presented with a history of some classic Hyper-IgE features. There was a history of multiple skin abscesses and she was on long-term antibiotics. She presented in the mixed dentition with multiple retained deciduous teeth and a full complement of unerupted and fully formed permanent teeth. This article will describe features of this syndrome and discuss management strategies for patients presenting with delayed eruption. Clinical Relevance: This case study highlights the difficulties in managing patients who present with retained primary dentition at an older age. It also presents a rare case presentation of a patient with Hyper-IgE.


Based upon the results of this study and the peripheral information assimilated, the following conclusions can be made regarding environmental controls for the production of clean low-Btu gas from coal: (1) While commercial processes are available for the removal or destruction of many of the known contaminants likely to be present with the low-Btu gas, many of these processes have been proven in applications other than coal gasification (e.g., petroleum processes). The environmental control processes have not have proven for the removal of the particular contaminants from the complex product mixtures expected to be present in coal-derived gases or wastewater. (2) The estimated capital investment for the environmental control processes evaluated in this study varies from approx. 10 to approx. 32% of the total direct onsite plant cost for the battery-limits plant. (3) The increase in the calculated product price for the low-Btu gas due to providing the environmental control processes considered varies from $0.37 to $2.39 per million Btu. (4) No correlations between treatment costs, gasifier type and size, and the degrees to which contaminants are controlled are discernible because of the limited number of cases evaluated. (5) The production of environmentally safe low-Btu gas and waste effluents frommore » such a gasification facility cannot be guaranteed because of reasons outlined in the report. (6) The design of the environmental control systems is complicated by lack of process performance data on coal-derived products and by the lack of contaminant loadings in the product gases and liquids. (7) The study was hampered by a lack of adequate process data. (LTN)« less


The NASA/VOA Direct Broadcast Satellite Radio (DBS-R) Program will be using a NASA Tracking Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) satellite at 62* West longitude to conduct live satellite S-band propagation experiments and demonstrations of satellite sound broadcasting over the next two years (1993-1994) (See Figure 1). The NASA/VOA DBS-R program has applied intensive effort to garner domesfie and international support for the DBS-R concept. An S-band DBS-R allocation was achieved for Region 2 at WARe-92 held in Spain. With this allocation, the DBS-R program now needs to conduct S-band propagation experiments and systems demonstrations that will assist in the development of planning approaches for the use of Broadcast Satellite Service (Sound) frequency bands prior to the planning conference called for by WARC-92. These activities will also support receiver concept development applied to qualities ranging from AM to Monophonic FM, Stereophonic FM, Monophonic CD, and Stereophonic CD quality. INTRODUCTION The Direct Broadcast Satellite Radio ('DBS-R) Program is a joint effort between The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the United States Information Agency/Voice of America (USIA/VOA). In May, 1990, an interagency agreement established a detailed, multi-year technical effort with joint management and funding by both agencies. The agreement established a program designed to provide service and technology definition and development contributing to commercial implementation of a directto-listener satellite sound broadcasting service, thereby benefiting the U.S. satellite communications industry. NASA's Lewis Research Center (LeRC) was assigned program management responsibilities within NASA for the effort, while specific task areas were carried out by LeRC and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (J'PL). LeRC and JPL efforts for the DBS-R Program are conducted under the auspices of NASA's Office of Advanced Concepts and Technology [1]. A DBS-R service has been under discussion domestically since at least 1967, and internationally since at least 1971. Evolution of digital and mobile satellite communications technologies has enhanced the potential quality and availability of a DBS-R service well beyond original expectations. By its nature, a DBS-R satellite system can be very flexible in its antenna coverage area-from approximately 100,000 square mile coverage area using a 1* spot beam to 1,000,000 square mile coverage area using a 3* spot beam-depending upon the desired broadcast area to be reached with the necessary power flux density [2]. DBS-R will also be able to offer audio signals with various levels of sound quality-ranging from robust AM quality, throughmonophonic FM quality, stereophonic FM quality, monophonic CD quality and stereophonic CD quality. DBS-R digital audio signals will be able to reach a variety of radio receiver types (fixed, portable, and mobile) in various environments (indoor/outdoor, rural, urban, and suburban). Studies have shown that DBS-R systems can provide an economical cost per broadcast-channel-hour for wide-area coverage [2]. As the potential quality and availability of a direct-tolistener satellite radio service have evolved, so has recognition of the desirability of such a service. As a consequence, the 1992 World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC) established new frequency allocations for the Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS) (Sound). DBS-R offerslisteners and serviceoriginatorsmany benefitsnot previouslyavailableinthe audio broadcast medium. Satellites can broadcaston a singlechannelto a national, regional,or continentalaudience. Wider coverage presentsnew opportunities for audienceaccess toa varietyof typesofprogramming. Such programming might includeeducational,cultural, national,or targetaudience-oriented broadcastswhich may not be economicallyattractive toofferin any other way. Commercial radiobroadcastinghas not seen a more dramaticpossibility forchange sincethe introductionofFM stereobroadcasting. THE DB_RPROGRAM The DBS-R Program is managed within the Communications Systems Branch of the Space Electronics Division at NASA's Lewis Research Center (LeRC), and the Voice of America's Office of Engineering. Two specific areas of the DBS-R program that need significant effort and study are propagation at S-band and targeted demonstrations. 1992 WORLD ADMINISTRATIVERADIO CONFERENCE ACTIVITIES The International Telecommunications Union, an organization within the United Nations, convenes periodic Administrative Radio Conferences to construct agreements among member nations on the use of radio frequency spectrum. The World Administrative Radio Conference for dealing with Frequency Allocations in certain parts of the Spectrum, was held February 3 March 2, 1992, to consider frequency allocations for the Broadcast Satellite Service (Sound) in the 500-3000 MI-Iz portion of the spectrum [3 and 4]. NASA and VOA made extensive contributions to the U.S. Conference preparations conducted by the Department of State, the Federal Communications Commissions (FCC) and the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), particularly by providing numerous U.S. inputs on the subject of the BSS (Sound) to the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR). WARC-92 established multiple frequency allocations for the BSS (Sound), within which DBS-R systems may be implemented. These allocations vary by nation (See Exhibit 1). The U.S. will use the 23102360 MI-Iz band. The band 1452-1492 MI-Iz was allocated to this service for a majority of nations throughout the world. However, in some nations, this allocation is secondary to other existing allocations until the year 2007. The band 2535-2655 MHz was allocated to BSS (Sound) for a number of nations in Eastern Europe, Commonwealth of Independent States, and Asia. The WARC also recommended that a future WARC be held prior to 1998, in order to plan the use of frequency bands allocated to the BSS (Sound) service (Ref. 3&4). PROPAGATION STUDIES AND MEASUREMENTS NASA conducts propagation research through JPL with investigative support currently performed by the University of Texas-Austin. Prior to WARC-92, the University of Texas-Austin conducted extensive propagation studies relevant to DBS-R in the frequency range 800 MI-Iz to 1800 MHz. The goal of these studies was to provide propagation datamodels to the United StatesWARC-92 Delegation and disburse the data to other countries that were interested in DBS-R. Additionally, the data was made available to satellite system engineers to assist in the design of DBS-R systems. The research has shown that attenuation varies depending on the environment the receiver is in. Indoors During this phase of the propagation studies representative types of buildings were studied to determine what effect they had on the simulated satellite signal(s). These studies indicated that receivers located indoors in a building could experience impaired reception depending upon location. By moving the receiver or antennaonly tensof centhnetersthe reception quality would improve from impaired to acceptable or beRer. More importantly, this research demonstrated that direct indoor reception of a digital audio signal transmitted by satellite is feasible with receiver antenna gain. Outdoors/Mobile During this phase of the propagation study representative measurements were made under varying enviromental conditions from a sunny clear day to cloudy, rainy, and foggy days. Locations varied from the desert environment of Texas, to the mountains and seacoast of the pacific northwest to the middle west (St Louis, MO) and east coast (Connecticut and Washington, D.C.). The research indicated that outdoor mobile reception of a DBS-R satellite service was feasible. Results of these studies contributed significantly to characterizing the indoor/outdoor/mobile DBS-R reception environment and have formed the basis for several U.S. contributions to the CCIR, CITEL and other such org_izations. Our link budget calculation and experiments indicate that a relatively high powered satellite would be required. Ideally, the satellite should have at least an EIRP of 50 to 60 dBW which will allow sufficient link margins. Propagation Studies Post WARC-92. WARC-92 concluded with the United States Allocation for DBS-R at S-band (2310-2360 MI-Iz). The allocation is in the process of being approved by the Federal Communications Commission. It is necessary that new propagation studies be conducted at S-band.Thespecific purpose of studies would be to develop the propagation characteristics for S-band. NASA currently has available, on a scheduled basis a TDRS satellite located at 62 ° West longitude (see Figure 1). Currently, the satellite in this _spare _ position is the latest TDRS launched by NASA in mid January 1993. From this location elevation angles range from 10 ° for the extreme northwest corner of CONUS to better than 40 ° for southeast CONUS (See Figure 2). The TDRS satellite provides single-access service to low-earth orbiting spacecraft at both S-band and Ku-band via two steerable 4.9 meter antennas, fit also provides S-band multiple access service via an Sband helical phased array.) The two S-band single access (SSA) forward links (one per 4.9 m antenna) are normally used to transmit command data from the ground to LEO spacecraft at rates up to 300 kbps. The plan is that one of these forward links be used to serve as a satellite downlink to a DBS-R receiver in the 2020.435-2123.315 MHz frequency band which is near the 2310-2360 MHz DAB allocation. (These are the 3dB band edges. In this range, the TDRS SSA forward link carrier frequency is user selectable over the 2030.435-2113.315 MHz region with a 20 MHz maximum allowable channel bandwidth which is limited by the forward processor hardware onboard the TDRS). Utilizing the TDRS in this fashion will provide a peak transmit EIRP of 46.5 dBW (26W S-band TWT transmitting throug


This research is an empirical design study for the improvement of creative problem-solving capabilities, utilizing a digital as a thinking motive. The digital has limitlessness as a non-material thing in terms of the cognitive aspect, not technology aspect. By focusing on the cognitive aspect of the digital, two design experiments were developed and conducted with abstract design problems. The result of the first experiment shows that students were not able to deal properly with the unusual design task associated with the abstract themes and cognitive aspect of the digital. They had difficulties in developing concepts through problem-reframing and problem-solving. However, the second experiment exhibits that students were able to do inspiration and re-interpretation, leading to the problem-reframing and problem-solving. Therefore, the results validates that the significance of the 'abstract problem' and the 'cognitive aspect of the digital' for the improvement of students' creative problem-solving.


We give an equivalent characterization of right normal orthodox semigroup with a Clifford transversal and obtain the decomposition of subdirect product of regular orthodox semigroups with Clifford transversals. We also prove that a regular orthodox semigroup with a Clifford transversal is a regular orthogroup.


ATLS or Advanced Trauma Life Support and the family training courses like ATCN and PHTS, are training courses planning for medical staff who are involved in trauma care to mange injured people in proper way to save lives and reduce the morbidity significantly. From the scene of accident EMS who passed PHTLS for pre hospital trauma care to emergency rooms in hospital doctors and nurses could perform better to save more lives. These Trainings are under licence of American College of Surgeons and are holding worldwide, in some countries it is mandatory to pass the course for all people who are involved in trauma care. In Iran, courses started in 2011, and now in four centres, Tehran, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Ahvaz we are holding the courses regularly. Several studies support the positive impact of these trainings on reducing the number ofvictims. In one study mortality reduced from 55/2% to 13/6% after ATLS training . Road safety strategy should include good management of the injured people rapidly and in proper way to reduce number of victims.


The number of patients receiving chronic dialysis is increasing worldwide.[1] Patients receiving chronic dialysis have a higher risk of developing some kinds of malignant tumors, including hematolo...


The inverse problem of MT for 1-D was studied by using a real coded hybrid genetic algorithm,which was based on the combination of simplex method and genetic algorithm.Due to the fact that the standard genetic algorithm has poor local search ability,large amounts of calculation,and adaptability to large space,and that simple method based on local linearization is usually lost in local minimum values,a new method was put forward through a promoted simple operator embedded into genetic algorithm and the strategy was adopted to keep the group of best individuals.The new algorithm has not only the global of genetic algorithm,but also the fast convergence of the simplex algorithm.The inversion results of synthetic magnetotelluric sounding data are ideal,which indicates that the algorithm possesses advantages of expediting convergence,avoiding earliness and improving precision,and can be used in MT data analysis.


The natural history of a disease is the course it takes in an individual, without medical intervention, from its pathological onset until its eventual resolution or death. Knowledge of this natural history is essential for understanding the disease and designing the most effective strategies for its prevention and control. Is the optimum approach to childhood sleep disordered breathing prompt surgical intervention or watchful waiting? http://ow.ly/Xypal


Objective —To examine the e V ect of Æ tocopherol and (cid:226) carotene supplementa- tion on the incidence of age related cataract extraction. Setting —The Alpha-tocopherol Beta- carotene (ATBC) Study was a ran-domised, double blind, placebo controlled, 2 · 2 factorial trial conducted in south western Finland. The cataract sur- gery study population of 28 934 male smokers 50–69 years of age at the start. Intervention —Random assignment to one of four regimens: Æ tocopherol 50 mg per day, (cid:226) carotene 20 mg per day, both Æ toco- pherol and (cid:226) carotene, or placebo. Follow up continued for five to eight years (median 5.7 years) with a total of 159 199 person years. Outcome measure —Cataract extraction, ascertained from the National Hospital Discharge Registry.


The quantum mechanical problem of reactive or nonreactive scattering of atoms and molecules is formulated in terms of square-integrable basis sets with variational expressions for the reactance matrix. Several formulations involving expansions of the wave function (the Schwinger variational principle) or amplitude density (a generalization of the Newton variational principle), single-channel or multichannel distortion potentials, and primitive or contracted basis functions are presented and tested. The test results, for inelastic and reactive atom-diatom collisions, suggest that the methods may be useful for a variety of collision calculations and may allow the accurate quantal treatment of systems for which other available methods would be prohibitively expensive.


The influence of the solvent on N- vs O-alkylation of N3-benzoylthymine under Mitsunobu conditions is described. The Mitsunobu reaction is an important tool in carbocyclic nucleoside chemistry for the direct coupling of alcohols with heterocyclic bases under mild conditions.


Distal colitis is the most common presentation of ulcerative colitis. The goal of treatment, ie to gain control of active disease and maintain remission, is often difficult to achieve. In treating active disease, efficacy and targeting of the drug to the distal colon are key priorities; for maintenance therapy, longterm toxicity and factors that affect compliance become more important. Topical preparations include 5-ASA-based suppositories and enemas and corticosteroid foam and enemas; clinical evidence suggests that 5-ASA may be superior owing to a better safety/efficacy ratio. Oral 5-ASA-based agents are also effective in the treatment of mild to moderately severe active disease, either alone or in combination with topical treatments, but are less effective than topical treatment for control of active disease. Oral 5-ASA may also prevent proximal extension of disease. These agents include modified-release mesalazine formulations and the prodrug compounds, sulphasalazine, olsalazine and balsalazide. Mesalazine, olsalazine and balsalazide are all well tolerated by patients; sulphasalazine has a less favourable tolerability profile associated with its carrier molecule. Oral corticosteroids may be indicated for moderate to severe active disease. Oral therapies are generally more acceptable to patients than topical ones, suppositories usually being preferred to enemas. Since distal colitis is not an acute threat, and therapeutic response may take time, patient compliance and patience are important. Topical and oral 5-ASA-based agents are the mainstays of treatment for distal colitis. Rapid response to topical treatment with corticosteroids argues for the use of these agents in some cases. The value of combined therapy and the ability of oral 5-ASA to decrease the risk of developing a more extensive disease need further evaluation. At the time of diagnosis, ulcerative colitis (UC) most commonly presents in the distal part of the colon [1,2]. Medical management is intended to induce remission in active disease and to minimize the risk of relapse. Treatment options supported by high-quality clinical data include 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA and derivatives), corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy. A number of oral and rectal preparations are available for the treatment of the disease; however, distal UC is often refractory to therapy. This may be due to the characteristics of the disease, inappropriate choice of drug formulation and to non-compliance.. This review focuses on the key factors that should be considered when selecting treatment for distal UC.


A lumped parameter model of the TF34 engine is formulated to study nonrecoverable stall. Features of the model include forward and reverse flow, radial flow in the fan, and variable corrected speed. The purpose of the study is to point out those parameters to which recoverability is highly sensitive but are not well known. Experimental research may then be directed toward identification of the parameters in that category. Compressor performance in the positive flow region and radial flow in the fan are shown to be important but unknown parameters determining recoverability. Other parameters such as compressor performance during reverse flow and in-stall efficiency have relatively small impact on recoverability.


Anomalous growth of HfAl3 is observed on 400°C annealing of evaporated thin‐film samples consisting of 900 A aluminum, on 1000 A hafnium, 6000 A aluminum and SiO2 substrates. A continuous layer of HfAl3 forms at the aluminum–hafnium interface nearer the surface, but not at the deeper interface. The surface HfAl3 layer then continues to grow, fed by diffusion of underlying aluminum through the intervening hafnium layer. Needlelike precipitates of HfAl3 are formed along the underlying aluminum grain boundaries. Observations are made by nuclear backscattering, Auger electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Similar behavior is observed in Al–Zr–Al layers.


A
 new kind of fluoroionophore, typified by flavone quasi-crown ether [4′-(dimethylamino)-3,6-(tetraethylene
 glycol)flavone] and flavone lariat-crown ether, were synthesized and characterized. The photophysical changes
 upon complexation with alkali and alkaline earth metal cations are explained in terms of the enhancement of a
 cation-induced intramolecular charge transfer process, which results from the interaction between the bound cation
 and the carbonyl group of the flavone. The size and shape of the quasi-crown or quasi-cryptand and the charge
 density of the bound cation control the magnitude of the photophysical changes. Based on the determination of
 stability constants between different cations and the macrocyclic ligand, our results indicate that the selectivity of
 flavone quasi-crown ether and flavone lariat-crown ether is better for the Ca2+ cation.


The paper deals with cost benefit analysis of a single unit (main unit) system model supported by a helping unit. Main unit has three possible modes – normal (N), partial failure (P) and total failure (F). Whereas the helping unit (protective unit) has two possible modesnormal (N) and total failure (F). The main unit can also work without the protective (helping) unit but with increased failure rate. The system is declared as failed when at least main unit is out of functioning. A single repairman is always available with the system to repair the failed main and protective (helping) unit. The failure and repair times of main unit and protective (helping) unit are taken as independent random variables of discrete nature having geometric distributions with different parameters.


Vortex shedding in the near wake of a circular cylinder is investigated using surface pressure measurements and two component Particle Image Velocimetry (2C PIV) for 1.49 × 105 ≤ Re ≤ 5 × 105. Space-time distribution of surface pressure shows that regular vortex shedding is interspersed with bursts of weakened activity. Its occurrence increases with an increase in Re. As a result, the rms of the lift coefficient decreases significantly in the subcritical regime with an increase in Re. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) of the surface pressure data and the 2C PIV data at the midspan of the cylinder shows that most of the energy is contained within the antisymmetric (AS) and symmetric (S) modes. The AS mode is responsible for the regular von Karman vortex shedding, while the S mode is related to intermittent expansion and contraction of the vortex formation region. The energy of the AS mode decreases at a faster rate as compared to that of the S mode with an increase in Re. The S mode is the most dominan...


Several 1,3-diaryl-5-(cyano-, aminocarbonyl- and ethoxycarbonyl-)-2-pyrazoline, pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole-4,6-dione and 1,3,4,5-tetraaryl-2-pyrazoline derivatives were prepared by the reaction of nitrilimine with different dipolarophilic reagents. The new compounds were characterized using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectra. Biological screening of some compounds is reported.


Combining the actual project example of the Laboratory Building for Commodity Inspection of Qianwan Harbour, the inquiries on the arrangement of conditioning and ventilation system in laboratory building for commodity inspection of port and the selection of relative equipment were made in the paper.


Abstract Spectral characteristics of the future Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) sensor, which will be launched in January 2009, were used to infer the carbon dioxide column-averaged mixing ratio over liquid water clouds over ocean by means of radiative transfer simulations and an inversion process based on optimal estimation theory. Before retrieving the carbon dioxide column-averaged mixing ratio over clouds, cloud properties such as cloud optical depth, cloud effective radius, and cloud-top pressure must be known. Cloud properties were not included in the prior in the inversion but are retrieved within the algorithm. The high spectral resolution of the OCO bands in the oxygen absorption spectral region around 0.76 μm, the weak CO2 absorption band around 1.61 μm, and the strong CO2 absorption band around 2.06 μm were used. The retrieval of all parameters relied on an optimal estimation technique that allows an objective selection of the channels needed to reach OCO's requirement accuracy. The errors du...


1 The possibility that the endothelium‐derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) in the rat hepatic artery is a cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid was examined in the present study. In this preparation, acetylcholine elicits EDHF‐mediated relaxations in the presence of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NOARG) and indomethacin, respectively. 2 17‐Octadecynoic acid (17‐ODYA, 50 μm), a suicide‐substrate inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenases responsible for the production of 5,6‐, 8,9‐, 11,12‐ and 14,15‐epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), had no effect on acetylcholine‐induced relaxations in the presence of L‐NOARG (0.3 mM) plus indomethacin (10 μm). Furthermore, 5,6‐, 8,9‐, 11,12‐ and 14,15‐ EETs failed to relax arteries without endothelium in the presence of L‐NOARG plus indomethacin. 3 Proadifen and clotrimazole, which are inhibitors of several isoforms of cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenases, inhibited acetylcholine‐induced relaxations in the presence of L‐NOARG plus indomethacin. The concentration of acetylcholine which caused half‐maximal relaxation was about 3 and 30 times higher in the presence than in the absence of clotrimazole (3 μm) and proadifen (10 μm), respectively. The maximal relaxation was reduced by proadifen but not by clotrimazole. Proadifen (10 μm) also inhibited acetylcholine‐induced hyperpolarization in the presence of L‐NOARG plus indomethacin. 4 In the presence of 30 mM K+ plus indomethacin (10 μm), acetylcholine induced an L‐NOARG‐sensitive relaxation mediated via release of NO. Under these conditions, proadifen (10 μm) shifted the acetylcholine concentration‐response curve 6 fold to the right without affecting the maximal relaxation. Clotrimazole (3 μm) was without effect on these responses. The relaxant actions of the NO donor, 3‐morpholino‐sydnonimine, were unaffected by proadifen (10 μm). 5 The relaxant effects of the opener of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels, levcromakalim, were abolished by proadifen (10 μm) and strongly attenuated by clotrimazole (3 μm). Proadifen (10 μm) also abolished the hyperpolarization induced by levcromakalim (1 μm). 6 The lack of effect of 17‐ODYA on relaxations mediated by EDHF, together with the failure of extracellularly‐applied EETs to produce relaxation, collectively suggest that EDHF is not an EET in the rat hepatic artery. It seems likely that inhibition of ion channels in the smooth muscle rather than reduced EDHF formation in the endothelium offers a better explanation for the actions of the cytochrome P450 inhibitors proadifen and clotrimazole.


Learning from a Stair: The Lyon Stair of San Francisco Attila A. Batar In San Francisco, where straight streets cut a b r u p t l y across the hills, the most arduous slopes d e m a n d sidewalk stairs. They are all exceptionally l o n g and steep, and most are m o n o t o n o u s and unpre tentious sidewalk steps. At the n o r t h e r n slope of Pacific Heights, still i n the m i d d l e of San Francisco, w h e r e the city's wealthiest n e i g h b o r h o o d suddenly terminates and the forest of the Presidio begins, there is a border line, part of w h i c h is L y o n Street. The mansions a n d the w o o d s face each other o n opposite sides, w h i l e the street is f o r m e d w i t h steps that run from Green Street up to B r o a d  way, a distance o f t w o city blocks. T h e L y o n stair is not a proper sidewalk stair, since there is no w a l k w a y o n the side. Here the stair lies in the m i d d l e of the street, w h i c h is, for the most p a r t closed to vehicle traffic. The L y o n stair opens a view cor r i d o r especially for the people w h o are l o o k i n g d o w n from the t o p . This visually extended axis leads the eye to the M a r i n a , then to the bay, and finally to the s u r r o u n d i n g m o u n t a i n s and the c l o u d y sky above. A t dusk the sun sets b e h i n d the viewer, but its rays settle o n the b a l d , gold d o m e of the Palace of Fine A r t s , w h i c h becomes its substitute i n the m i d d l e o f the view. A r o u n d this r a d i a n t focal p o i n t the scenery is well organized. I t is a perfect vista. I 1 View north from top of Lyon Stair 2 Section of Lyon Stair, upper portion 3 Plan of Lyon Stair, upper portion Places / Volume 4, Number I


This paper raises an improved ant colony algorithm, for the detection of weak edge of complex background image, considering edge positioning accuracy, edge pixels, edge continuity and interference edges. This algorithm is improved in two aspects: first, we improved the expression of pheromone; second, we improved the calculation of Heuristic information. Compared with traditional Canny detector indicates, the improved method is proved to be accurate in edge detection, good continuity and less interference by experiment.


Directed against the balanced optimization of the fratcal coding speed and decoding quality,based on the characteristics of human visual system,this paper uses visual threshold to optimize the non-overlapping square anti-packing segmentation method of images,establishes a self-adaptive segmentation mechanism of sub-blocks and applies it to improve fractal encoding.According to the experimental result,the algorithm in this paper can obtain 30 to 40times speed-up ratio and better decoding quality compared with the classical fractal algorithm of Jacquin.


A new species of the genus Pseudoplectania (Sarcosomataceae, Pezizales) was collected on wood in a tropical forest in southern Venezuela, at Gran Sabana, Canaima National Park, Bolivar State; species of the genus Pseudoplectania are characterized by having a deep cup shaped sessile or stipitated apothecia, covered by coiled or twisted hairs, Jasci containing 8 globose, smooth, hyaline ascospores; the new species can be distinguished from the rest of the species in the genus in having small short-stipitate apothecia, cylindrical hyaline paraphyses and ascospores with small scattered warts visible only in material stained with aqueous Congo Red; ornamented ascospores have not been previously described in the genus.


This collection of approximately 18 folk tales includes stories from each of the main Caribbean countries and thus covers the English, Dutch, French and Spanish-speaking traditions. Each story is told by a writer from each country.


We have previously reported that γ-decalactone and γ-dodecalactone contribute to the sweet and fatty flavor and quality of malt whisky. The mechanism by which these lactones are formed in malt whisky was studied. These lactones were found to be formed via hydroxy fatty acids that were produced from unsaturated fatty acids by lactic acid bacteria. The precursors were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography and examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared. 10-Hydroxystearic acid and 10-hydroxypalmitic acid were found to be produced from oleic acid and palmitoleic acid, respectively, and these were then converted to γ-decalactone and γ-dodecalactone by yeast. The hydroxy fatty acids were found in the wash in the presence of lactic acid bacteria, and larger amounts of the acids were formed in the presence of brewer's yeast as compared to distiller's yeast only. This suggests that an interaction between lactic acid bacteria and brewer's yeast contributes to the formation of flavors in malt whisky.