Multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can compensate for the performance deficiencies of a single UAV in multi-access edge computing (MEC) systems, thus providing improved offloading services to user equipments (UEs). In multi-UAV enabled MEC systems, the offloading strategy and UAVs' trajectories affect the fairness of both UEs and UAVs, which affects the UE experience and UAVs' existence durations. Therefore, we investigate fairness-aware offloading and trajectory optimization in the system. To ensure fairness of energy consumptions (ECs) for both UEs and UAVs, we minimize the weighted sum of the maximum EC among UEs and the maximum EC among UAVs subject to the task delay, the offloading strategy and UAVs' trajectories constraints. Despite the non-convexity of the original formulated joint optimization problem, we transform the problem into two sub-problems and solve them one by one. Finally, an iterative optimization algorithm is proposed to alternately optimize the offloading strategies and the UAVs' trajectories. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce both the maximum EC among UEs and the maximum EC among UAVs and ensure the fairness of both the UEs and UAVs.


PECVD is one of the most critical technologies for manufacturing AM LCD devices. Advanced PECVD systems have been developed for low temperature deposition of a-Si, SiN/sub x/, SiO/sub 2/, SiON, and n-Si films. Typically, cluster tool configurations are used since they provide excellent process control with single substrate processing and flexible process flows. Recent reports indicate that good polysilicon TFTs have been manufactured using laser crystallization of a-Si precursor films. This paper reviews the development of PECVD systems for volume manufacturing of LCDs and discusses process technology and requirements for future manufacturing.


As Martin Luther quotes – ―nothing good ever comes of violence‖. Violence always results in various sufferings and those who suffer can rightly be termed as victims. Every violence be it physical, mental, or sexual, leaves an adverse effect on the victims. Reportedly, women and children are the common targets in any kinds of violence.In the present scenario where the rights of the accused are getting prominence under the criminal justice system, a victim should also receive considerable significance in their right to access to justice. Very often victims express their dissatisfaction for not getting proper attention as well as unsympathetic treatment during the criminal trial. On many occasion, rights of the victims are left unrepresented, as a result, majority stakeholders are deprived of their basic human right and those who show little courage to fight for the justice receives horrific experience from all corners. The Supreme Court of India assumed a stellar role through its rulings in protecting the right ofthevictims but has to make some pragmatic approach rather than an idealistic one. The international human right movement under the patronage of the United Nations has made tremendous progress to meet the challenges and raising awareness about victim's rights. Similarly, the International Criminal Court advances an innovative system of justice by taking into account the rights of victims. Adoption of the Rome Statute by the International Criminal Court embarks some ray of hope to the aspects of the victim's right.


Aim The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of the 2006 National Health Service General Dental Services contract changes on the referral pattern to the orthodontic department at St George's Hospital, South West London. Method This study was carried out on a retrospective basis. The notes of consecutive patients referred between 1st May and 30th September in 2005 and 2008 were assessed, and the patient's Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the source of referral noted. Results The total numbers of referrals increased from 260 in 2005 to 405 in 2008. The number of referrals from general dental practitioners decreased slightly from 165 to 156, as did the numbers of referrals from other sources, such as tertiary referrals. The number of referrals made by specialist practitioners increased from 41 in 2005 to 207 in 2008, representing an increase from 16% to 51% of overall referrals. Overall, the number of patients being referred with an IOTN dental health component grade of 5 increased from 27% to 55%. Conclusion The increase in referrals from specialist practitioners may be partly due to the changes brought to the commissioning of orthodontic services for specialist practitioners. Overall, the number of cases being referred with IOTN grades 4 and 5 remains high at St George's Hospital, indicating that appropriate referrals are being made.


We have used interband magneto-reflectivity to study the band parameters of wurtzite GaN epilayers grown on sapphire. Using magnetic fields up to 57 T, we have observed a series of up to ten magneto-excitonic transitions for the first time. The levels can be fitted with two intersecting magneto-excitonic fans coming from the A and B valence band edges with reduced masses of (0.195 ± 0.01) m0 and (0.180 ± 0.003) m0 respectively. The field dependence of the A-exciton 1s and 2p states gives a reduced mass of (0.180 ± 0.005) m0, and (0.193 ± 0.005) m0 is found with the B-exciton 1s state. The B exciton shows a clear spin splitting at 57 T, whereas no splitting of the A exciton is observed.


Field programmable gate array for selectively linking circuit node in an integrated circuit having at least a first field effect transistor (10) having its source and drain with a first and a second circuit node (14, 16) are connected and a floating gate (26) for storing having charge and a control gate (28) for switching on and off of the first field effect transistor (10) depending on the charge of the floating gate (26), characterized in that for each first field effect transistor (10), a second field effect transistor (12) having a at least the source or drain (18, 20) via a Tunneldioxid (36) separate, with the respective first field effect transistor (10) common floating gate (26) and one of the floating gate (26) capacitively coupled control gate (30) and a first and a second conduit (22, 24) are provided which verkn with the source and drain of the respective second field effect transistor (12) are pft, wherein a programming by the application of voltages to the first and second line (22, ...


New records are given for New Caledonian Hydroptilidae including the first formal records of two species, in Hydroptila and Hellyethira which are also widely distributed in Australia. In addition, a new species of Acritoptila and larvae and cases of several congeners, and an unusual "horned"; early stage larva, deduced to be Caledonotrichia are described. An apparently facultative association of final instar larvae of Acritoptila disjuncta with a fresh water sponge is recorded. The diagnosis of the endemic genus, Caledonotrichia is revised on the basis of new material of adults and immature stages, and the nature and composition of the New Caledonian micro‐caddisfly fauna, now comprising 22 species in six genera, are discussed briefly.


CONTEXT
Avon Foundation for Women grantees provide breast cancer services through patient navigation (PN) in an effort to alleviate barriers to care among underserved women.

OBJECTIVE
To gain a better understanding of how PN programs function, this study explores variations in the use of navigators, types of services offered, description of clients they serve, tracking of treatment completion, and evaluation mechanisms.

PARTICIPANTS
Fifty-six Avon PN programs funded since 2008 throughout the United States were contacted.

DESIGN
An online survey was distributed to the grantees of which 44 (81%) complete responses were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS
Clients were racially and ethnically diverse, mostly in the 40- to 64-year old age range (64%) and 91.6% with an average income of less than $30 000. Women were either uninsured (50.7%) or receiving Medicaid (32.4%). PN programs were both community and hospital-based (22.5%); many hospitals (35.2%) were described as safety nets (eg, provide a significant level of care to low-income, uninsured, vulnerable populations). On-site services included breast screening (eg, mammography and breast ultrasound) and treatment (eg, breast surgery and radiation therapy). Some barriers to care identified by the programs included transportation, access to appointments, language, and financial issues (eg, cost of screening and treatment specifically for those uninsured). More than 39% of programs provided care across the cancer continuum.

CONCLUSIONS
Many Avon PN programs incorporated navigation services that span the cancer care continuum. They addressed disparities by offering navigation and on-site medical services to reduce multiple systems barriers and social issues related to breast care.


Ab initio SCF and CI calculations are reported for the sulfur nitride, SN, and disulfur dinitride, S2N2, molecules. Calculations on SN, varying the internuclear distance, are performed using a variety of basis sets to determine a suitable basis for S2N2. The total energy, internuclear distance, and force constant of SN are reported for several choices of basis. Extended basis computations on S2N2 are performed, and midbond polarization functions are found to contribute significantly to a description of the ground state, affecting the higher MO's and the charge density. A prominent feature of the virtual spectrum is the existence of a low energy π* orbital which could play a role in low lying excited states, the polymerization process, and polymer conductivity. CI studies of the ground and excited states of S2N2 show several low lying singlet and triplet states of the type π→σ*, π→π*, and σ→π*, and possible identifications with experiment are discussed. A possibility of relating the observed paramagnetism ...


In §1 the authors define the notion of harmonic map between two generalized Lagrange spaces. In §2 it is proved that for certain systems of differential or partial differential equations, the solutions belong to a class of harmonic maps between two generalized Lagrange spaces. §3 describes the main properties of the generalized Lagrange spaces constructed in §2. These spaces, being convenient relativistic models, allow us to write the Maxwell's and Einstein's equations. Mathematics Subject Classification: 53C60, 49N45, 35R30.


We present a thermodynamic framework to quantify the magnetization and magnetostriction of Galfenol alloys in response to magnetic fields, mechanical stress, and/or stress-annealing. The framework utilizes only physical parameters and thus provides useful information for material characterization. Furthermore, we formulate the model in state-space form, thus facilitating the computational implementation for design and control of dynamic Galfenol devices.


The dramatic growth in the relationship between Africa and China is one of the great stories of the twenty-first century, part of the profound transformations taking place in the global political economy. It has been greeted with excitement, consternation, and confusion. To its cheerleaders, it represents the enduring partnership between Africa and China, spawned by the historical affinities of struggles against Western imperialism and humanistic aspirations for development. To its critics, it is reminiscent of European colonisation a century earlier, in which Africa serves as a cheap source of raw materials, a lucrative export market for Chinese manufactured goods, and an outlet for its surplus capital. Rather than a development partner, some see China as Africa's biggest development competitor, whose explosive growth and insatiable quest for global markets threatens Africa's industrialisation and competitiveness. This paper examines the factors behind the development of Africa-China relations, especially its economic magnitude, and the challenges and opportunities it offers both regions.


The following case seems to present direct evidence that the acute effects of radiation are lessened in tissues which have been altered by scarring. It is reported here because the author has been unable to find references to a similar observation.


Artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide, is a valuable and powerful antimalarial drug obtained from the aerial parts of a Chinese herb, Artemisia annua (Liu et al., 1979). Artemisinin and its derivatives show few or no side effects with the existing antimalarial drugs, it has consequently been regarded as the next generation of antimalarial drugs (Looaresuwan, 1994). Currently, commercial production of artemisinin mainly based on its extraction and purification from plant material, however, the endogenous production of artemisinin is very low (0.01%-0.8% dry weight) (Wallaart et al., 1999). In view of the limited availability of artemisinin and the increased demand, the synthetic preparation of artemisinin becomes an attractive proposition. However due to its complex structure, the complete chemical synthesis is very difficult (Schmid & Hofheinz, 1983). Artemisia annua as the only valid source, many research groups have directed their investigations toward the enhancement of artemisinin production in A. annua cell cultures or whole plants by biotechnological approaches. However these approaches were still proved to be not successful (Ghingra et al., 2000). Recently, several genes in artemisinin biosynthesis have been cloned, and important advances in artemisinin biosynthesis have been achieved, which makes it possible to regulate artemisinin biosynthesis in a direct way, for example, by metabolic engineering (Abdin et al., 2003).


Miscellaneous armed rubber SIBR was prepared by solution polymerization with cyclohexane as solution, THF and SDBS as structure regulator, DVB as coupling agent. It was widely used in high performance tire because of its high wet skid resistance and low rolling resistance. Effect of phase separation structure, arm number, w(3,4-PI) and content of styrene on mechanical property and processing property was investigated. The results show that, different phase morphology can be obtained by the regulation of copolymer composition and microstructure; Tensile strength and elongation at break increase with increasing of arm number of rubber; Tensile strength, elongation at break and 300% tensile strength increase with increasing of w(3,4-PI) content; Wet skid resistance and rolling resistance increase with increasing of styrene content.


A non-linear poroelastic constitutive law is proposed for modelling the swelling phenomenon which occurs when a saturated clay is put into contact with a salt solution which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium with the pore fluid. The porous medium is composed of three phases : the solid skeleton, the free water in the connected porosity and the electrolyte in solution. The coefficients of the macroscopic constitutive law which take the electric interaction between the electrolyte and the negatively charged clay particles into account are determined theoretically from the results of the electric double layer theory.


The new complex of Co (II) with 2-nitroterephtalic acid was synthesized and its molecular and crystallic structures were studied. It was found the structure consists of polymeric chains of the dianion of nitroterephtalic acid formed by hydrogen bonds, between which the cobalt hexahydrate cations are located. Including into complex composition pyridine molecule was not coordinate with cobalt (II) ion, but formed an adduct with polyanion of 2-nitroterephthalate through hydrogen bonds


The crystal structure of Sr2ZnGe2O7 was refined to R = 0.023 with three-dimensional diffraction data. The crystal is isomorphous with 0 melilite, having cell dimensions a=8.169(1) and c=5.337(1) A. The average tetrahedral Zn-O and Ge-O distances were 1. 953 and 1. 748 A, respectively. Zn and Ge atoms showed complete ordering.


The response of German Naval Intelligence, at various points in World War Two, to suspicions that the Enigma cipher had been broken is well known. In 1943 the British were faced with evidence about the possible compromise of the Typex machine, the highest-level communications device in use across their armed forces. This paper compares the response of the British to the Typex scare to the German investigations


The aim of this study is to assess whether a brief training with rhythmic beat gestures helps L2 pronunciation in a reading aloud task with high school students. In a between-subjects pretest-posttest design, a total of 59 high school students were randomly assigned to one of the following two conditions: the beat gesture group and no-beat gesture group. In the beat gesture condition they were asked to first read two short stories aloud without any gestural instruction (pretest) and in the following two texts they were asked to move their hands (training). Students in the no-beat condition (control condition) were asked to read the four texts aloud (pretest and training) without any gestural instruction. Then, in order to see the benefits of gesture, both groups were asked to read a fifth text aloud (posttest) which was more difficult (more complex syntactic structure and longer) than the ones they read in the pretest or the training. Results showed that speakers who were asked to produce beat gestures during the training had better pronunciation measures (specifically accentedness, comprehensibility, and fluency) in the posttest than the ones that were not asked to produce any specific gesture during the


As the modern information technology tools,Blog is a kind of means of information transmission between network,and receives more and more attention.Based on the Blog characteristics,discussed the feasibility of introducing the Blog in mathematics analysis teaching,and several advantages of Blog as one auxiliary teaching mode.


Hyperdiagnosis of lung cancer in recent years is of concern because of the emergence of new screening methods that detect small nodules, which clinical significance is unknown. The incidence of lung cancer ranged from 0.4% to 2.7% according to the results of screening studies, depending on the size of the population surveyed. The large number of false-positive diagnoses is unsolved problem yet. At the initial stage of the examination in the groups with high risk the number of false diagnoses is in the range of 10-20%, but can reach 50%, with positive predictive values of 2.8% to 11.6%. It is found that pathological nodules less than5 mmare unlikely malignant, and nodules from 5 to10 mmin diameter are undefined, 25-40% of which contain calcifications. Management of patients with such nodules, as a rule, is to perform repeated CT scans over time and if the growth of nodules is detected then fine-needle aspiration biopsy or surgical resection must be performed. Videothoracoscopy with biopsy provides a high efficiency in differential diagnosis of single tumors located in the cortical and subcortical regions of the lung or near the interlobar fissure. Presented here results indicate that the current VTS in peripheral tumors and metastatic lesions of the lung is the only minimally invasive method to verify the process with 100% accuracy.


The 51 V NMR in L2 1 -type Fe 2 VSi was measured as a function of temperature using the spin-echo method. The 51 V Knight shift was 0.115% at 10 K. The 51 V NMR spectra in applied fields have unusually broadened tails. This suggests the existence of Fe atoms with relatively large magnetic moments due to atomic disorders. The atomic disorders between Fe sites and other atomic sites were indicated by the observation of the broad X-ray diffraction lines corresponding to (100) and (110).


During post-Cold War period, economic sanctions have become one of the defining features of the political landscape. Since the early 1990s, the US, Europe and other developed economies have imposed sanctions on other countries more than 500 times, seeking to assert their influence on the global stage without resorting to military interventions. No-one would dispute that such punitive actions can impose severe impacts on health and well-being of susceptible populations of most non-sanctioned countries, and even target countries are not immune from the adversity of economic sanctions. Vulnerable layers of target country's society, such as children, women and aged people are those who suffer most from economic sanctions imposed by developed nations.


We have investigated transport properties of an electron subsystem of copper heated by a femtosecond laser pulse. These properties change greatly in comparison with the room temperature solid metal. The electron temperature and pressure profiles significantly depend on these properties in bulk laser targets according to the two-temperature (2T) model. These profiles at the 2T stage are responsible for shock and rarefaction waves' formation. We have developed the analytical model of electroconductivity and heat conductivity of copper which takes into account changes of density, electron and ion temperatures. The model is based on the solution of the Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation for consideration of electron collisions. Also we have carried out the first-principles calculations using the Kubo-Greenwood theory, methods of pseudopotential and linear augmented plane waves which are necessary to evaluate electron wavefunctions. We have provided the check of convergence of all parameters of our first-principles calculations. The results of our analytical model for electro- and heat conductivities are in good agreement with the data obtained using the linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW) method.


Is urban a person or a place? Urban is a place, a setting in which many Indian people at some time in their lives visit, "establish an encampment," or settle into. Urban doesn't determine self-identity, yet the urban area and urban experiences are the context and some of the factors that contribute to defining identity. The intent of this article is to delineate some of the general structural characteristics of urban Indian communities in the United States, and to indicate the ways in which urban communities interplay with individual and group identity. While most of the focused research for this discussion has been carried out since 1978 in the San Francisco Bay Area, and the principal examples given here are specific to this region, many of the comments also are applicable on a general level to other urban Indian communities such as those found in Seattle, Los Angeles, and Chicago. The work, for example, of Garbarino and Straus on Chicago, 1 Liebow on Phoenix, 2 Shoemaker on Minneapolis, 3 Bramstedt and Weibel-Orlando on Los Angeles, 4 Danziger on Detroit, 5 and Guillemin on Boston 6 indicates parSusan Lobo, a cultural anthropologist, is a consultant emphasizing research, advocacy, and project design, working primarily for American Indian tribes and community organizations in the United States and Central and South America. She has been the coordinator of Intertribal Friendship House's Community History Project since 1978, and has taught at the University of California at Berkeley and at Davis.


Detection of a target occurrence is one of the main tasks of wireless sensor network in many applications. This paper has proposed a novel method of decision fusion based on simple reinforcement learning using the past experience for cooperative target detection. Simulations show that the proposed adaptive learning algorithm for fusion of weighted decisions could improve the detect probability effectively against 'OR', 'AND' and 'K-out-of-N' fusion rules. Monte Carlo Simulation results also show that proposed method achieves both better target detection and lower detection miss performance. Keywords—Energy detector; Decision fusion; Spectrum sensing


The paper examines the image of Lokonov, a character in Konstantin Vaginov's novel "Garpagoniana," a "mechanical citizen" of the socialist reconstruction era who wants to regain his youth. Starting from the text of "The returned youth" by Zoshchenko, Vaginov creates a double of the main character on the principle of mirroring. This idea is supported by several facts: similarity of characters names, opposite ages, social and financial status, portrait characteristics. Unlike Volosatov ("The returned youth"), striving to follow the trends of the era and keep up with the times, Lokonov makes a number of unsuccessful attempts to rejuvenate himself in order to regain subjectivity. In the desire to regain his youth, Lokonov refuses a retrospective image of himself as he considers the projection reflected in the diaries as well as the possibility of nuancing memories through things to be unsatisfactory. Deliberately cutting off his past, Lokonov bets on the present: through his love for Yulenka, he hopes to regain his youth, but he does not succeed. Failures accompany Lokonov because he consciously emasculates his own past, remains inactive in the present, and, according to the author, cannot count on the future. For Lokonov, being young is a vague ideal of feeling young. He tries to "resurrect" these feelings by means of others without understanding the reasons.


The problem of reducing the losses of petroleum products due to evaporation, and the related problem of environmental protection are currently considered to be crucial. We have developed a new method which produces a substantial decrease in the surface evaporation rate of hydrocarbon liquids and can be used successfully instead of the traditional unreliable, bulky and expensive pontoons and condensers. The suggested method uses a lightweight powder-like material, designed to spread throughout the surface of the liquid in order to form a semipermeable layer, separating liquid and air volumes from each other. When particles produced on the basis of a sufficiently light filler (having closed-cell or closed inner space structure) are placed on the surface of a liquid with the appropriate solubility parameter (gasoline, kerosene, etc.), they swell and float on the surface in the form of a gel-like mobile film. Owing to its thixotropy, the coating is capable of spontaneously restoring its continuity if damaged. The material, based on hollow glass microspheres encapsulated into shells of slightly cross-linked hexyl-acrylate rubber, named KOMPOZAM, have been applied in storage tanks for petroleum products which operate in the filling in - pumping out mode. Full-scale tests of KOMPOZAM have been carried out and delivered good results. Data obtained in measurements of hydrocarbon vapour concentrations above the surface of the liquid in an industrial tank of 1,000 m 3 capacity demonstrate a 10-15 fold decrease of oil products losses. The service life of the KOMPOZAM layer exceeds 5 years. KOMPOZAM consumption rate is 1-2 kg per m 2 .


Objective:To compare the effect of CT-guided stereotactic minimal invasive technique and craniotomy on hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).Methods:This prospective study was performed on 182 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent CT-guided stereotactic minimal invasive technique group or craniotomy group,91 cases in each group.Data were collected to assess efficacy,hospital stay and cost of hospitalization between the two groups.Results:The CT-guided stereotactic minimal invasive technique group demonstrated a more improved glasgow coma scale(GCS),neurologic impairment score,total effective rate,the restoring time of neurologic impairment compared with the craniotomy group(P0.05);Hospital stay and cost of hospitalization were reduced in the CT-guided stereotactic minimal invasive technique group(P0.05).Conclusion:CT-guided stereotactic minimal invasive technique is only slightly traumatic,hence the technique described here is a more effective method for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage compared with craniotomy.


Surface tensions and liquid densities of ternary mixtures consisting of water + toluene + acetone in the homogeneous region were determined. The pendant drop method combined with axisymmetric drop shape analysis and with an effective temperature control of the measuring cell allowed measurements of surface tension in a temperature range from (288 to 328) K and at pressure of 0.1 MPa. Liquid densities of ternary and binary mixtures of this system at the same temperature range were obtained using a vibration tube densimeter. Binary and ternary surface tensions could be predicted using ideas from the Butler model. This procedure required only surface tension data of the pure components, surface area values (obtained from molar volume), and NRTL parameters taken from the literature. Distribution of substances between bulk and surface could be analyzed using these relationships.


This paper presents a method for generating surface ultraviolet (UV) radiation maps over Europe, with a spatial resolution of 0.05°, and potentially on a half-hour basis. The UV irradiance is obtained by interpolation in a look-up table (LUT), the entries of which are solar zenith angle, total column ozone amount, cloud liquid water thickness, near-surface horizontal visibility, surface elevation, and UV albedo. Both satellite (Meteosat, GOME) and nonsatellite (synoptic observations, meteorological model results, digital elevation model) data are exploited to assign values to the influencing factors. With the help of another LUT simulating the visible signal, Meteosat data are processed to retrieve the cloud liquid water thickness. The radiative transfer calculations are performed with the UVspec code. A preliminary step consists in generating an effective surface Meteosat albedo map from a series of 10 consecutive days. In this process the well-known difficulty of distinguishing clouds from snow-covered surfaces is encountered. An attempt is made to partially resolve the ambiguity by using the Meteosat infrared channel and modeled snow cover data. After additional empirical cloud filtering, the effective albedo map is used as a baseline to estimate the cloud liquid water thickness. The UV surface albedo is assigned uniform values for land and sea/ocean, except in the presence of snow. In this case it is given a value proportional to the Meteosat effective albedo. The total column ozone is extracted from the level 3 GOME products. The aerosol optical thickness is mapped by gridding the daily measurements performed by ∼1000 ground stations. The digital elevation model is the GTOPO30 data set from the U.S. Geological Survey. European wide UV dose rate maps are presented for one day in April 1997, and the influence of the various factors is illustrated. A daily integrated dose map was also generated using 27 Meteosat acquisitions at half-hour intervals on the same day. The dose map produced in this way takes into account the evolution of the cloud field and is thought to be more accurate than if it were estimated from one data take, in particular at the relatively high spatial resolution of the product. Finally, a preliminary comparison of modeled dose rate and daily dose with measurements performed with a ground instrument is discussed.


Abstract The purpose of the current study is to examine whether "movement" is a significant aspect in describing the structure of the signed word in Israeli Sign Language (ISL). Linguists who focused on creating a Phonological Model for the signed word disagree regarding the "phonemic" status of movement as a central phonological category in sign language. Quantitative content analysis performed in this study examined the distribution of the various movements in 560 sample signs. The results show that movement is a significant morphophonemic component in the structure of the signed word in ISL. Phonologically, it was found that there are movements which, in order to describe them, we need to use an array of articulation features, some of which create meaningful contrasts between the signed words. Semiotically, this research shows that the distribution of the movements in the lexicon of ISL is not random but motivated by a basic meaning attached to each one of the articulatory features.


Ultrasound imaging monitor of tumor angiogenesis and vascular evolution under chemotherapy is a major preoccupation in oncology medicine, where, combined with the practical experience of the medical personnel, dedicated software tools play a vital role. In this paper we present a software application with the purpose to assist specialized medical personnel to locate and classify tumors, based on ultrasound images and quantitative evaluation of angiogenesis degree before and after chemotherapy. The information system includes a medical database that contains monitored patient information (ultrasound images reflecting tumor sections, as well as other relevant medical information) and an application program dedicated to ultrasound image analysis and processing


The advent of culture age motivates a transition of knowledge intension of ideology from elites to populace,making it reflect spirits of everyman,which breaks the old cultural order,and awakes people's passion for culture.In the meantime,the globalization of cultural practices motivates a change of the direction of value of ideology from particularity to generality, with the end of harmonizing the relationship between human and nature,human and society,and human themselves.Accordingly,the practical method of ideology of this type is not mainly by force,but by letting people select actively according to their own needs.Contemporary turn of ideology requires cultural innovation,highly cultural consciousness,and abundant cultural significance of ideology in China,which will make it win people's heart by theoretic force.


Understanding how protein folds into a functional and structural configuration is arguably one of themost important and challenging problems in computational biology. Currently, the protein foldingmechanism is often characterized by calculating the free energy landscape versus the reaction coordi-nates such as the fraction of native contacts, the radius of gyration, the principal components and soon. In this paper, we present a combinatorial algorithmic approach towards understanding the globalstate changes of the configurations. The approach is based on cluster computation, each cluster beingdefined by a pattern of a combination of various reaction coordinates. We present an algorithm oftime complexity


The paper discusses the contribution that electricity can make towards the advancement and prosperity of world agriculture, particularly in the newly developing countries. Electricity can most profitably be employed to aid human labour, and for controlling animal or plant environment. Data on world agricultural production, and electricity consumption in countries where the majority of the population is employed in agriculture, are given. Technical development in electro-agricultural equipment for the United Kingdom is traced, and the state of rural electrification there in the 1930s is compared with the present position in some developing countries. Large hydro-electric stations have been built with international funds in essentially agricultural countries where, to make good use of such resources, electricity consumption in rural areas must be expanded rapidly. Light networks, with no provision for augmentation, are unlikely to cater for the needs of the rapid intensification of agriculture forecast. Probable advances, known to the authors, in electro-agricultural equipment for the United Kingdom and oversea territories are forecast, and future researches are suggested. Finally, some suggestions are made for methods to be followed in establishing economic rural-electrification schemes as an essential aid to rural prosperity.


This paper presents the measurement method of conducted emission on signal lines with current probe according to Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standards which are CISPR 32, CISPR 14-1, CISPR 16-2-1, and other similar standards. CISPR 14-1 gives the limitation of emission tests which have to be applied to the household appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus. In addition, the CISPR 16-2-1 standard addresses the conducted emission measurement methods in CISPR 14-1. The current probe method is one of the conducted disturbances measurement methods mentioned in these standards. This method is an extensive method used in EMC to measure conducted disturbances on signal lines of auxiliary equipment. The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of noise emitted by interconnection lines and also examine the effect of disturbance current measurement depending on the difference in the inner diameter of the current probe. Furthermore, different test procedures are applied for this purpose. Test results were compared and the method on how to apply the disturbance tests with current probe was presented.


Thermal bridges are those parts or components of a physical structure that have better thermal conductance than their environment i.e. than that of the structure whose parts they are. Thermal bridges cause excess heat loss. This paper presents examples for the analysis of thermal bridges in energy conversion/transportation equipment and building structures. The examples feature the identification of thermal bridge locations and excessive heat loss.


We treat the generalized Kalman Filter (GKF) approach to analyze heave dynamics data more effectively. An optimum solution that simultaneously accounts for the accuracy of the estimates and stability (lateral continuity) is achieved. Conventional Kalman Filters (KF) have been used in source heave compensation. One of the roblems continuity, since each trace is analyzed separately (single channel o eration). The approach establishes a trade off cost related to the lateral discontinuity of the estimates. By assigning pro er weights for accuracy and stability (WA and U'S) in the oRjective function the desired balance between accuracy and stability is achieved. Computational results are offered to illustrate the trade-offs involved. associatedwithKFis the difficulties inmaintaining t Tl elateral between t K e cost associated with estimation error and the


In the rat, orally administered seclazone, which is stable in the gastrointestinal tract, is rapidly converted to its metabolite, 5-chlorosalicylic acid, by the intestinal wall. The absorption of the drug from the isolated intestine follows first-order kinetics with a half-life of 5 min. Under these conditions, the disappearance of seclazone and of 5-chlorosalicylic acid from the hepatic portal circulation follow apparent first-order kinetics with half-lives of about 5 and 30 min, respectively. No unchanged seclazone could be detected in the systemic circulation after oral administration of drug to either rats or dogs. Both seclazone and 5-chlorosalicylic acid, which was the only compound that could be detected in the blood after oral administration of seclazone, are bound appreciably to plasma proteins.


The ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), also termed protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) is an important component of the ubiquitination/deubiquitination system and plays a role in the posttranslational modification of proteins including protein degradation, relocation and change of function. Altered PGP9.5 expression has been suggested to play a role for resistance to chemotherapy, metastasis, and patient prognosis in several tumor entities. To comprehensively determine PGP9.5 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues, a tissue microarray containing 14,913 samples from 148 different tumor types and subtypes as well as 608 samples of 76 different normal tissue types was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. PGP9.5 immunostaining was found in 2,667 of 11,062 analyzed tumors and considered weak in 9.8%, moderate in 5.8% and strong in 8.5% of tumors. 113 of 148 tumor categories showed at least one positive case, and 90 of these tumor categories contained at least one case with strong PGP9.5 staining. PGP9.5 positivity was most seen in various types of neuronal and neuroendocrine neoplasms (71.1-100%), germ cell neoplasms of the testis (82.1%), and in mesotheliomas (74%). PGP9 positivity was seen in 14.2% of 606 clear cell and in 45.4% of 255 papillary renal cell carcinomas (RCC). In clear cell RCC, strong PGP9.5 staining was associated with high ISUP grade (p<0.0001), pT stage (p=0.0012), nodal (p=0.038) and distant metastasis (p<0.0001) as well as with a shortened overall, tumor specific and recurrence free survival (p<0.0001 each). In papillary RCC, strong PGP9.5 staining was significantly associated with high ISUP grade (p=0.009), advanced UICC stage (p=0.015), and shortened recurrence free survival (p<0.0001). In urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder, high PGP9.5 expression was associated with muscle-invasion (p<0.0001) but PGP9.5 immunostaining was unrelated to prognosis in pT2-4 carcinomas. In a joint analysis of 527 squamous cell carcinomas from 11 different sites of origin, PGP9.5 positivity was associated with high tumor grade (p=0.0021). PGP9.5 immunostaining was unrelated to pT and pN status in 207 serous high-grade and 82 endometrioid ovarian carcinoma, in 221 endometrioid endometrium cancer as well as in 292 papillary and in 89 follicular thyroid carcinomas. In ductal adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and in 356 gastric adenocarcinomas, PGP9.5 staining was unrelated to grade, pT and pN stage. Our data provide an overview on prevalence of PGP9.5 expression in cancer. PGP9.5 expression occurs commonly in many different tumor entities. PGP9.5 overexpression is strikingly linked to patient outcome in some tumor entities (i.e. clear cell RCC) but appears to be unrelated to unfavorable tumor characteristics in various other important tumor entities (i.e. gastric, pancreatic, ovarian cancer).
 Citation Format: Sekander Scherzai, Maximilian Lennartz, Frank Jacobsen, Florian Viehweger, David Dum, Anne Menz, Ria Uhlig, Andrea Hinsch, Doris Hoeflmayer, Christoph Fraune, Christian Bernreuther, Patrick Lebok, Soeren Weidemann, Guido Sauter, Till Sebastian Clauditz, Till Krech, Andreas H Marx, Ronald Simon, Stefan Steurer, Eike Burandt, Natalia Gorbokon, Sarah Minner. Prevalence of PGP9.5 expression in human cancers: A TMA study of 14,900 tumors from 148 tumor types [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2212.


LAY SUMMARY This study aimed to understand how common chronic pain is among Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Veterans and the characteristics that were related with having fewer activities limited by pain using the Life After Service Studies (LASS) 2019 survey. The LASS survey was a Statistics Canada telephone survey of CAF Veterans released in 1998-2018. About 1 in 2 (50.7%) reported living with chronic pain. CAF Veterans between 50 and 59 years who were female, employed, had higher education, higher rank, longer length of service, or higher income had fewer activities limited by chronic pain. High levels of mastery (feeling in control of factors affecting one's life) was linked to having fewer activities limited by pain among people with moderate to severe pain. The strong link between higher mastery and fewer activities limited by pain points to a need for pain management supports addressing aspects of CAF Veterans' well-being beyond pain severity and physical health.


The activity change of GCK,CK-MB,LDH seroenzyme under different altitude(2 900-3 100,3 700-3 800,3 900-4 100,4 500-4 600 m) were determined and compared in Tibet Bos taurus domesticus.The seroenzyme were measured on the spot with in 2 h after sampling blood.The results showed that content of GCK decreasd obviously with rising altitude and showed negative correlation,ANOVA of among groups was extremely significant difference with F=92.636,P=0.000.The content of CK-MB was the same as GCK,ANOVA of among groups was extremely significant difference with F=39.238,P=0.000.The content of LDH changed relatively little,ANOVA of among groups was significant difference with F=3.223,P=0.029.The experimental results demonstrated that the different altitude affected the content of GCK,CK-MB seroenzyme.


Poetry has always been the noteworthy face of Iran's cultural identity. Persian poets and their poems have reconstructed and revolutionized both the Eastern and Western literary world. Sadly, in a male-dominated Iranian society, female literary talents had been sidelined throughout centuries. Still, there were some iconic female poets who have blended their poetical talents with very powerful mental strength to cut off all the societal limitations, taboos and prohibitions and had left their marks on Persian literature's history forever. But to attain that, they had to come across a long way. As the title indicates, the subject of this article is about the growth of some of those persistent women poets of Iran, with an emphasis on the hardships they have faced and how they overcame through those phases. In short, this article analyses the problems of women poets in the context of the socio-political environment of Iran and discuss the efforts the women poets have to made to break those barriers. The Central Library of Dhaka University, Departmental Library of Persian Language and Literature, DU and original Persian manuscripts from the authors personal collections are used as the primary resources for this article as well as online helpful websites.
Social Science Review, Vol. 38(1), June 2021 Page 93-108


A 29-year-old woman underwent an electrophysiologic procedure because of a 10-year history of recurrent episodes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The baseline cycle length, atrial-His (AH), and His-ventricular (HV) intervals were 550, 50, and 45 msec, respectively. The AV block cycle length was 270 msec. With programmed atrial stimulation, there was no evidence of dual AV nodal pathways or inducible tachycardia. During ventricular pacing, there was occasional VA conduction at cycle lengths of 500 to 400 msec, and VA dissociation at paced cycle lengths below 400 msec (Fig. 1). On several occasions upon cessation of ventricular pacing, a supraventricular tachycardia with a cycle length of 300 msec was initiated (Fig. 2). What is the mechanism of the tachycardia, and how was it initiated?


Abstract We present a detailed study of the stellar and gaseous kinematics in the luminous early-type galaxy NGC 524, derived from the long-slit spectroscopic observations obtained with the Russian 6 m telescope and the IFU data from the SAURON survey. The stellar line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD) of NGC 524 exhibits strong asymmetry. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the LOSVD using two complementary approaches by the nbursts full spectral fitting technique: (a) a non-parametric LOSVD recovery and (b) a parametric recovery of two Gaussian kinematical components having different stellar populations. We discuss the origin of the complex stellar LOSVD of NGC 524.


We report the development and characterization of an organic, photonic nanoparticle, the Mn-porphysome. Capable of photothermal therapy, photoacoustic tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, and exhibiting exception photostability, Mn-porphysomes show great promise.


While the volume of writing about race relations in Britain has increased enormously in recent years there has been a widespread failure to take three crucial facts into account: that any meaningful discussion of the relations between white and black British citizens must be related to the British system of social stratification as a whole, that British race relations must be seen in a historical context in which the impact of Britain's former role as a colonial power is taken into account, and that any discussion of contact between groups from different cultures must acknowledge that culture is a highly fluid and thus very confusing phenomenon to study. On the first of these points it is perhaps understandable that writers on race relations have been reluctant to engage in lengthy digressions on social stratification in general. What is more regrettable is that so few sociologists who have written about social stratification have paid much attention to race. What a pity for example, that Parkin's excellent Class, Inequality and Political Order virtually ignores this aspect of social stratification. The failure to relate to Britain's imperial past lies not so much in neglect to mention it as in failure to acknowledge its full consequences for contemporary race relations. There has been a tendency to date British racialism (as in Colour and Citizenship and in misleading interpretations drawn from opinion poll data) from the period during which it became manifest in political conflict about immigration control, and to forget the early assumptions about white dominance which have been part of our cultural heritage from the days when black men


The paper finds that a new system of social stratification is emerging in rural China in the wake of economic reforms, one that is far less equal than what preceded it. As part of this trend, wealth inequality has increased markedly in a short period of time. A relatively equal distribution of land has prevented further inequality and blocked the rise of a landed elite. However, what has emerged is a 'worker elite', mainly concentrated in cooperative enterprises in the coastal provinces and in richer provinces.


tweets and 6 Facebook posts. Tomorrow's Medicines Ltd sent 135 Facebook posts during October and November 2016. The website received 23,000 visits from 9,704 patients with blood cancer worldwide. The engagement rate (patients who answered screening questions) was 6.7% and the match rate was 53 patients per month. The average time for a patient to establish eligibility and connect with a trial site and a research nurse was 13.9 hours. The average number of messages between the patient and the trial nurse was 8.6. The number of matches generated to at least one trial was 446 while 204 profiles were not matched to any of the 25 trials in the programme. Eligibility rate of matched patients compared with the single trial industry standard was 75% compared with 4.7% for the Echelon1 trial (an international phase 3 frontline trial of therapy in advanced classical Hodgkin Lymphoma) used as comparison. Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that the YourTreatmentChoices website effectively connects eligible patients with clinical trials and research sites enabling patients to participate in their own treatment choices by providing improved access to clinical trials. It also gives the clinical research community improved access to patients who may be eligible for enrolment in certain clinical trials where eligibility criteria may be difficult to fulfil. These results suggest that use of social media linked to an online matching tool can be a powerful adjunct to clinical trial recruitment and potentially accelerate the development of new medicines.


A novel quadrature sinusoid synthesizer is designed. This synthesizer is algorithmic in nature and requires no memory look-up table. Possible uses include conversion in RF based systems. This design is compared with a phase-accumulator based synthesizer and found to be optimal in area, transistor count, and spurious noise.


The formation of chain-like structures in systems of particles with anisotropic pair interaction potential, which is similar to the wake arising from ion focusing, is studied by numerical simulation using a Langevin molecular dynamics approach. We considered infinite and confined chain-like structures over a wide range of parameters, corresponding to the experimental conditions found in laboratory dusty plasmas. For the first time, a detailed analysis of the development of various instabilities in dust particle vertical chains has been undertaken.


In this research, we have created a comprehensive Internet of Things (IoT) framework that allows for better communication between users and machines of the building. With this, users are able to express their thermal preferences so that the connected air conditioning machine could adjust automatically to the needs. In addition, people will be able to understand the conditioning operation through representations of augmented reality, closing in this way the loop of communication. The technology is highly interesting as its cost is virtually null in users with a smart-phone and an air conditioning machine connected to the Internet (as is becoming the norm). The paper shows a methodology consisting of interpreting the will of the occupants with respect to thermal comfort by an IoT platform. The paper shows several simulations performed to evaluate what would happen in a scenario of that kind. The results have shown that the IoT platform allows everybody to have their say in the comfort temperature and, more importantly, shows that the regulation following this path has to be done in a way in which over-compensation for cold or hot periods is not generated for the votes of the occupants. Overall, the system seems highly promising, and is capable of minimizing the dissatisfaction of the occupants in short times.


Silicate-based chemistry is a common industrial practice to improve peroxide bleaching, however, the transition metal ion-induced peroxide decomposition is still inevitable. In this study, we investigated the potential to further decrease the peroxide decomposition by adding zeolites to the silicate-based peroxide system. The peroxide decomposition results showed that the combined effect of zeolites and sodium silicate is more effective than sodium silicate alone in decreasing the manganese-induced peroxide decomposition. Two types of zeolites, X and Y, were studied. The bleaching experiments showed that an improved peroxide bleaching performance was obtained by adding Y-zeolites to the conventional peroxide process.

La chimie a base de silicates est une pratique industrielle commune visant a ameliorer le blanchiment au peroxyde; cependant, la decomposition du peroxyde par les ions de metaux de transition reste inevitable. Dans cette etude, nous avons etudie le potentiel d'une reduction supplementaire de la decomposition du peroxyde en ajoutant des zeolites au systeme de peroxyde a base de silicates. Les resultats de la decomposition du peroxyde ont demontre que l'effet combine des zeolites et du silicate de sodium est plus efficace que le silicate de sodium employe seul pour la reduction de la decomposition du peroxyde par le manganese. Deux types de zeolites, X et Y, ont ete etudies. Les experiences de blanchiment ont demontre qu'on a obtenu un rendement accru de blanchiment au peroxyde en ajoutant des zeolites-Y au processus de peroxyde traditionnel.


The invention provides an artificial turf as well as a manufacturing method and a use method thereof. The manufacturing method comprises the following steps of: selecting waste tobacco stalks produced in a threshing and redrying line as a main fermentation raw material, mixing the tobacco stalks, auxiliary materials and a complexing agent according to the volume ratio of (80-100):(5-100):(1-15), adding 30-250 parts of water and a right amount of microbial agent, fermenting and thoroughly decomposing by using the aerobic high-temperature solid-state fermentation technology, and carrying out a complexing reaction; drying and forming to obtain a fluffy fibriform, clastic or powdery artificial turf product. A plant culture matrix is prepared by fully and uniformly mixing the prepared artificial turf and a filling material according to the ratio of (30-80):(20-70) through disinfection and sterilization. The artificial turf has the advantages of easy and quick production procedures, centralized and stable raw materials, large-scale production and low cost; the artificial turf can be used for the base manuring, the after manuring, the seed treatment, the seedling growing manuring and the soil improvement of various crops, landscape plants, flowers and the like, and has long-acting potassium supply and nitrogen supply capacity; the artificial turf can not burn seedlings and can substitute for natural turf to be used for soilless culture.


This paper presents a design of an antenna for Ultra-Wide band (UWB) applications and a design of an UWB antenna with band-notched characteristics. The proposed antennas consist of an annular ring strip as a ground plane and there are two types of the radiating elements, a circular disc patch, and a C-shaped slot on disc patch. As a result, a circular disc patch radiating element has an impedance bandwidth with the return loss (S11<−10dB) and can operate over an UWB frequency range (3.1–10.6GHz). The antenna with the C-shaped slot showed rejection ability in WiMAX band (3.3–3.6 GHz).


input u(t) output y(t) System F input u(t) System G output y(t) 2 LINEAR SYSTEMS 2 2 LINEAR SYSTEMS We will discuss what we mean by a linear time-invariant system, and then consider several useful transforms. In short, a system is any process or entity that has one or more well-defined inputs and one or more well-defined outputs. Examples of systems include a simple physical object obeying Newtonian mechanics, and the US economy! Systems can be physical, or we may talk about a mathematical description of a system. The point of modeling is to capture in a mathematical representation the behavior of a physical system. As we will see, such representation lends itself to analysis and design, and certain restrictions such as linearity and time-invariance open a huge set of available tools. We often use a block diagram form to describe systems, and in particular their interconnec tions: In the second case shown, y(t) = G[F [u(t)]]. Looking at structure now and starting with the most abstracted and general case, we may write a system as a function relating the input to the output; as written these are both functions of time: y(t) = F [u(t)] The system captured in F can be a multiplication by some constant factor-an example of a static system, or a hopelessly complex set of differential equations-an example of a dynamic system. If we are talking about a dynamical system, then by definition the mapping from u(t) to y(t) is such that the current value of the output y(t) depends on the past history of u(t). Several examples are: � t y(t) = u 2 (t 1)dt 1 , t−3 N y(t) = u(t) + � u(t − nδt). n=1 In the second case, δt is a constant time step, and hence y(t) has embedded in it the current input plus a set of N delayed versions of the input.


Treating the "unreachable" client is a challenging although common task. One possible solution to this problem is using the telephone as a means of engaging even very resistant clients in treatment. By means of two case examples, the authors outline indications for telephone therapy and guidelines for its use.


This chapter examines two contemporary classics by John Cage—The Wonderful Widow of Eighteen Springs and A Flower. The songs are most attractive to an audience, and can provide a bracing contrast to more conventional recital pieces. The chapter shows that Widow is not at all as simple as it appears, as it is a rare test of artistic empathy and integrity, which avoids any declamatory or overtly emotional projection. Meanwhile, the unaffected charm and deft judgement displayed in the detail of A Flower demonstrates the composer at his most sensitive and insightful. Such quiet pieces can establish a thoughtful, hypnotic concentration, and can moreover provide a welcome contrast to more obviously histrionic vocal works.


This study assessed the effect of a learning
organization of clinical nurse leaders on an increase in levels of
developmentally supportive, family-centered care (DSC). The
intervention occurred in the Newborn Intensive Care Unit (NICU) at
Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA. Clinical nurse leaders (N =
9) were encouraged to model research-based, developmentally
supportive techniques. The "Checklist for Observing Developmentally
Supportive Care in the NICU" was developed to assess the levels of
DSC in 17 measurable techniques in three conceptual areas:
environmental support, individualized support, and family-centered
care. The checklist includes adaptations for infants with medical
or familial issues. Infants and caregivers remained anonymous.
Blinded to the purpose of the study, two trained raters collected
data. Using Cohen's Kappa (unweighted), rater observations were
compared to the Principal Investigator's. Reliabilities per
criteria were estimated at 0.74-1.00, with 10 of 17 criteria above
0.92, 14 above 0.85. Summary measures of observations in conceptual
areas were compared pre- and post intervention using the
Mann-Whitney U non-parametric test. Results showed significant
increase (p .01) in the use of optimal levels of environmentally
supportive care, no significant differences in optimal levels of
support in individualized care, and significant decrease (p .001)
in optimal levels of family-centered care techniques. Pre- post
intervention ratings for each criterion were analyzed using exact
chi-square statistics. There were significant positive changes in 4
of 5 criteria in environmentally supportive care, significant
negative changes in 2 of 7 criteria in individualized support and
in 1 of 3 criteria in family-centered care. Dialogue revealed
philosophical/experiential biases in promotion of family-centered
care. Although the clinical nurses deemed
individualized/family-centered care valuable, they insisted that
ancillary support was needed for consistent caregiving in these
areas. Environmental support was more easily provided. Strategies
generated by the learning organization to overcome obstacles to DSC
included: interventions in environment and parent support, increase
in facilitation of individualized/family-centered techniques by
specialists, and endorsement of the checklist to measure levels of
DSC, with the possibility of tracking individual infant care.
Findings of this study encourage use of learning organizations to
promote DSC as the standard of best practices in
NICUs.


A composite high-Q microstrip resonator is proposed by using effective highly dispersive (EHD) materials with electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) spectrum. We show that a defective microstrip photonic crystal (PC) can be utilized as an EIT-like material with dispersion controlled by simply adjusting the structure parameters. Both simulation and experiment results demonstrate that, compared to traditional methods, Q-factor boosts much more quickly and peak-transmission decreases much slower at the same time for composite resonator.


We do not claim in this contribution, delving into the substance and doctrine of traumatic encephalopathy, complex and widely debated issue, the official story in several Congresses and encouragement also: our scholars, whose works are known by all. Our purpose is less ambitious, and perhaps less scientific, refers to the findings and conclusions of the various cases collected from 1950 to 1955 and clearly gives the heading, "contribution to the study of traumatic encephalopathy". We do not believe, however, be exempted from some nosographic considerations, for the sake of clarity in the presentation and especially to better understand each other in a field in which usually the same terms are designated heterogeneous conditions, and conversely a same state has different designations.


Background: Eventual differences of expiratory nitric oxide (FENO) levels in general populations of Nordic countries may reflect differences in eosinophilic inflammation at population level.Aim: To ...


The Generalized Finite Element Method (GFEM) can be viewed as an extension of the Finite Element Method (FEM) where the approximation space is enriched by shape functions appropriately chosen. Many applications of the GFEM can be found in literature, mostly when some information about the solution is known a priori. This paper presents the application of the GFEM to the problem of structural dynamic analysis of bars subject to axial displacements and trusses for the evaluation of the time response of the structure. Since the analytical solution of this problem is composed, in most cases, of a trigonometric series, the enrichment used in this paper is based on sine and cosine functions. Modal Superposition and the Newmark Method are used for the time integration procedure. Five examples are studied and the analytical solution is presented for two of them. The results are compared to the ones obtained with the FEM using linear elements and a Hierarchical Finite Element Method (HFEM) using higher order elements.


In recent years, the comprehensive national strength of China has been continuously enhanced, market economy has continued to develop, and the level of residents' consumption has been significantly improved. Under the background of rapid economic development in our country, the total economic volume of our country has been increasing constantly. In order to adapt to the changes of society, it is necessary to speed up the economic reform and transform from extensive economy to intensive economy to develop steadily in the new environment. The market of China is composed of numerous large and small economies, and the economy of each region will face different development problems. At present, the management concept of China's regional economy is changing, and more and more attention is paid to the relationship between online novels and communication forms in the context of new consumerism. The focus is to to ensure that the market environment of online novels can operate under standardized and rationalized conditions. With the rapid development of the current stage of economy, the modern economic system has also undergone tremendous changes. Therefore, in order to better promote the rapid development of our economy, we need to study the relationship between online novels and communication forms in the context of new consumerism in combination with the domestic development status.


® White Paper 3 Cities are facing unprecedented challenges. The pace of urbanization is increasing exponentially. Every day, urban areas grow by almost 150 000 people, either due to migration or births. Between 2011 and 2050, the world's urban population is projected to rise by 72 % (i.e. from 3.6 billion to 6.3 billion) and the population share in urban areas from 52 % in 2011 to 67 % in 2050. In addition, due to climate change and other environmental pressures, cities are increasingly required to become " smart " and take substantial measures to meet stringent targets imposed by commitments and legal obligations. Furthermore, the increased mobility of our societies has created intense competition between cities to attract skilled residents, companies and organizations. To promote a thriving culture, cities must achieve economic, social, and environmental sustainability. This will only be made possible by improving a city's effi ciency, and this requires the integration of infrastructure and services. While the availability of smart solutions for cities has risen rapidly, the transformations will require radical changes in the way cities are run today. Thus developing smart cities is not only just a process whereby technology providers offer technical solutions and city authorities procure them. Building up smart cities also requires the development of the right environment for smart solutions to be effectively adopted and used. The development of a smart city requires participation, input, ideas and expertise from a wide range of stakeholders. Public governance is naturally critical, but participation from the private sector and citizens of the community are equally important. It also requires a proper balance of interests to achieve the objectives of both the city and the community at large. This White Paper proposes a number of answers on the what, who and how of smart city development. It calls for a wider collaboration between international standardization bodies that will ultimately lead to more integrated, effi cient, cheaper, and environmentally friendly solutions. Needs of cities differ strongly but… the main three pillars of development remain the same. There is no single trend, solution or specifi c approach for smart cities. Regional trends illustrate that there are divergent urban growth patterns among major regions with different levels of economic development. Still, signifi cant disparities in the level of urbanization can also be observed across different countries within the same region. Nevertheless, all cities aiming to develop into smart cities …


The importance of machine translation (MT) in the stream of text-handling processes has become readily apparent in many current production settings as well as in research programs such as the Translingual Information Detection, Extraction, and Summarization (TIDES) program. The MT Proficiency Scale project has developed a means of baselining the inherent "tolerance" that a text-handling task has for raw MT output, and thus how good the output must be in order to be of use to that task. This method allows for a prediction of how useful a particular system can be in a text-handling process stream, whether in integrated, MT-embedded processes, or less integrated user-intensive processes.


Upper bounds for order parameters are studied for the d -dimensional contact processes by using the Harris-FKG inequality. Particularly, in the one-dimensional system, it is proved that our improved upper bound ρ 1,λ (4) is less than Griffeath's bound for λ≥λ c (1).


To establish an efficient and quick physical method for extraction proteins from bone tissue for Western blot. Bone tissue was harvested from the femur of rabbits,and proteins were extracted by three physical methods in liquid nitrogen as follows:by simply grinding,by simply cracking with the hammer,by combination of cracking and grinding. The proteins of bone tissue were separated by SDS-PAGE,and the protein of beta-actin was assessed by Western blot. The Beta-actin of all samples can be observated by Western blot,but the concentration of proteins,expecially the molecular weight lower than 49 kDa, extracted by simple cracking with the hammer were lower than the other physical methods. Compared with simply grinding bone tissue,the method of combination of cracking and grinding was more simple and consumed less amount of liquid nitrogen.


-The Phalangopsidae are one of the most important cricket families of the world, both in terms of taxa number and ecological diversity. Although they can be directly observed in the field and easily raised in laboratories, few data are yet available on their biology. In this paper, the present state of the systematics of Phalangopsidae is briefly indicated, and available data are given on their habitats and acoustic and mating behavior (mainly on the basis of my observations in the field). The methodological framework recently developed in comparative biology is used to analyze the evolution of phalangopsid biological characteristics in reference to phylogeny (ancestral state and evolutionary changes). Evolutionary scenarios based on my phylogenetic studies are proposed. In particular, the evolution of the habitats and mating behavior of Central American Amphiacustae is analyzed. Evolutionary changes of habitat could be the consequence of the exploitation of a new resource, or of geographical expansion. Moreover, the evolutionary potentialities of members of a clade appear constrained by the characteristics of its ancestral habitat (exaptations). Our data finally support the conservatism hypothesis of ecological evolutionary change (Funk and Brooks 1990). The scenarios constructed for morphological structures involved in acoustic and mating behavior show that their evolution is complex and probably the result of several factors. Data at hand do not allow to test the role of predation, and suggest that the habitat could influence the acoustic and mating behavior by modifying the structure of interindividual interactions. It is hypothesized that the physical structure and spatial distribution of habitat could be most important.


Motivated by studies that show overconfident agents are more competitive, we test whether overconfident CEOs respond differently and perform better when competition increases. Using tariff reductions as exogenous shocks to competition and a triple-difference specification on matched samples, we find that when competition increases, firms with overconfident CEOs slash their operating and gross profit margins, and increase advertising and research and development more intensively than rational CEOs do. Their actions lead to increased market share and value for their firms relative to firms led by rational CEOs. Our results imply that CEO overconfidence is beneficial when firms face increased competition.


Theoretical and practical aspects of the restructuring of the railways of Ukraine based on the regional-industrial model of management are substantiated. Such principles as specialization, centralization, efficiency, horizontal interaction, regional compactness and others are defined. Using the goals tree of the functional-object system, the principles and strategies of railway management are formed. As a result, the organizational structure of the country's railways based on a functional-objective management system is presented. It is also noted that the formation of the administrative-territorial structure of a regional enterprise is advisable to be carried out at the places and borders of regional transportation control centers deployment. In the process of creating regional transportation control centers, it is proposed: a gradual withdrawal from the railway divisions that belong to the competitive sector of the industry; the creation of passenger transportation operator companies, including their entry into the market with their own fleet of locomotives. It is proposed to include regional infrastructure service enterprises and regional transportation control centers in the structure of regional enterprises, which would be subordinated vertically to the Ukrainian railway operation subject". It is indicated that the regional transportation control centers should manage the technological process of organizing the movement of trains through the dispatching apparatus by all railway stations. Authors' proposals are presented regarding the definition of the administrative-territorial structure of regional enterprises, namely: in the places and within the location of regional transportation control centers. The positive economic and legal results from the implementation of the regional-sectoral management model are determined.


To the Editor: —InThe Journal, February 4, page 328, Drs. Ernstene and Banks record their experience with ergotamine tartrate as an antipruritic agent and refer to my clinical note (The Journal, Nov. 14, 1931, p. 1563) on the subject. The lack of uniform results with this drug in the treatment of pruritus in urticaria and other dermatoses has already been recognized. It has been pointed out that ergotamine tartrate exerts its depressant action on the sympathetic nervous system, the tonus of which is heightened. The prompt relief from pruritus obtained in patients with jaundice and azotemia suggested the existence of a sympathicotonia in these individuals. The metabolic changes in the skin in these conditions provokes the increased nervous irritability. In my experience to date, and in that of physicians and clinics which has been brought to my attention, the claim for the drug has been confirmed. In about 75


. This paper presents a new class of ordinary differential equations on manifolds containing second order ordinary differential equations as a special subclass. The main result of the paper is the genericity of hyperbolicity of equilibrium points in this class. A subclass containing the classical mechanical systems is also discussed there.


RESEARCH is like a seed, a seed sown by man's curiosity and cultivated by his initiative. It thrives in the soil of competition, bears fruit in the air of freedom. The fruit is opportunity, in which free man finds strength. Planting and nourishing the seeds of research, using their fruits to ease man's burdens and improve his way of living—these are prime functions of our industrial economy if it is justly to bear the name creative enterprise. The costs, the tools, the people of research, its visions, objectives, risks, and rewards are today integrated into all wise industrial planning. Today's industrial manager knows from experience that a soundly conceived, well-managed investment in creative research pays off many fold in lower costs, improved quality, and new products. He knows that his company cannot make progress in our dynamic, competitive economy without these results of creative research. He knows that the costs and direction of this research ...


Lisu are slash and burn agriculturalists who live in the upland areas cf Northern Thailand, Burma, and Southwestern China (for works on the Lisu see Dessaint, 1971; for a description of Lisu agriculture and photographs, see Dessaint, 1972). Lisu believe that every person has a soul which animates the body. If the soul should depart from the body, the person exhibits characteristic symptoms of anorexia, insomnia, bad dreams, and general malaise. When an individual exhibits these symptoms, they are often diagnosed as caused by soul loss, either because the soul has been captured by some spirit or because the soul has departed of its own volition. The obvious therapy is to cause the person's soul to return to his body. This is accomplished by performing one of several soul calling ceremonies. Some of these involve the construction of a bridge which may simply be a scratch in the ground, two planks pegged into the ground, or a large bridge over a stream or river. Some involve the construction of a path-side resthouse or bench. Others take place inside the house and involve offerings placed on two or three tables beside the door, with branches to either side (hence it is sometimes called the custom of the branches).


Web site because of growing demand is an area of concern in the IT security community because they are literally popping up all over. Public web service providers are available from Google.com, Amazon.com, Microsoft, Oracle/Sun, Canonical/Eucalyptus and many other vendors. But when we start our private web application, there are major security issues that should be noted. These issues are SQL injection, Cross Site Scripting (XSS), Username enumeration. The proposed work is concerned with discovery of these vulnerabilities in the web application, discovery of security solutions, and finding evidence that early-adopters or developers have grown more concerned with security. Keywords— Web application vulnerability, Security issues in web application, cloud computing


Surface electromyogram (sEMG)-based hand gesture recognition, which interprets commands given by humans through sEMG signals, performs well in many studies. However, its recognition accuracy drops dramatically due to electrode shift since the distributions of motion classes are changed. Although calibrating the system with newly collected samples after electrode shift maintains the accuracy, collecting labeled samples is inconvenient and time-consuming since the procedure is rigid. However, the calibration may not work properly without label, especially when the change is significant. This study proposes a user friendly and convenient calibration method for hand gesture recognition by an unsupervised domain adaptation method, which only obtains the unlabeled samples of preselected benchmark classes from users in calibration. The change of benchmark classes is captured by unlabeled samples by a clustering method. The other classes are estimated based on the benchmark classes by regression models. As a result, the information of all classes is used to calibrate the system. Linear discriminant analysis is used to demonstrate our model. A dataset with ten subjects is collected to verify the performance empirically. Experimental results confirm that our method utilizes the unlabeled benchmark class samples in calibration and achieves 75.55% average accuracy. Our method is more robust to electrode shift and improves around 8.5% accuracy consistently on all subjects compared with the methods without calibration or label information in calibration. Although the accuracy of our method is slightly less than the ones using label calibration samples, our calibration data collection is more convenient and less complicated.


Transcription is the process by which the RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template and synthesizes RNA. This process is further divided into initiation, elongation and termination phases. During transcription initiation, the RNA polymerase (R) recognizes and binds to the promoter DNA (P) to form the closed complex, RPc. The double-stranded promoter DNA is then melted into single stranded transcription bubble, resulting in the open promoter-polymerase complex, RPo. Subsequently, in the presence of nucleotide substrate, the RNA Polymerase undergoes several rounds of abortive initiation before escaping from the promoter region. Thus, the abortive initiationpromoter escape reactions connect the initiation and elongation phases.


Background and Aims Speech sound disorder (SSD) is a type of communication disorders in children where normal process of speech sound learning is disrupted. Children with SSD have errors in the expression of speech sounds that can make it difficult for others to understand what they say. The present study aims to assess the relationship of neuropsychological skills (language and attention skills) with SSD mediated by the parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive) and maternal depression. Methods This is an analytical, descriptive, correlational study using structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 117 preschool children agef 4–6 years with SSD and their mothers were recruited using a purposive sampling method from among those refereed to speech and language therapy clinics and kindergartens in Isfahan, Iran. The SSD was screened using the test proposed by Ahmadi et al. Conners' neuropsychological assessment test, Baumrind's parenting style inventory, and Beck depression inventory were completed by the mothers of children. The data were analyzed in AMOS software using the correlation test, regression analysis, path analysis, and SEM. Results The statistical analysis showed that the correlation of language skills with SSD was significant (P=0.019 <0.05). However, the correlation was not significant when mediated by the parenting styles (P=0.665 for authoritarian style; P=0.306 for authoritative style; P=0.164 for permissive style) and maternal depression (P=0.546>0.05). On the other hand, the correlation of attention skills with SSD was not significant (P=0.361 >0.05), not even after medication by the parenting styles (P=0.686 for authoritarian style; P=0.315 for authoritative style; P=0.849 for permissive style) and maternal depression (P=0.393>0.05). However, in the attention model, the correlation of permissive parenting style with SSD was significant (P=0.026 <0.05). Conclusion Language skills have a significant direct correlation with SSD in children, indicating that the increase of language problems in children can increase their errors in making sounds (phonemes). The attention skills has no significant correlation with SSD even after mediation by the parenting styles and maternal depression. The permissive parenting style has a significant negative correlation with SSD.


Researchers have measured the anisotropic electric field gradient in the tetragonal phase of BaFe2(As1−xPx) with 75As-NMR that indicates a population imbalance between the As 4px and 4py orbitals, which originates from the orbital ordering of the Fe 3dxy and 3dyz electrons. These results suggest the orbitals play a crucial role in the emergence of nematicity.


This study aimed to analyze relationship length-weight and the ponderal index of rabbitfish (Siganus sp.) in Tondonggeu Waters, Abeli District, Kendari City. This research was conducted for three months from March to May 2014. Sampling points was based on the representation of the location of trap nets in Tondonggeu waters. Trap nets used have 1.5 inches of mesh size and 1 inch of crib. The results study tabulated and analyzed descriptively. The results of measurements of environmental parameters obtained by the temperature range 2930°C; salinity 30–31‰; acidity (pH) 6.0–7.0; water velocity 0.048-0.068 m/s; and dissolved oxygen 6.3-7.73 mg/L. A total of 1,059 fish individuals was caught with ranged from 70.0–190.0 mm. The relationship lengthweight of male rabbitfish showed isometric growth patterns on March (b = 2.99); negative allometric April (b = 2.87) and May (b = 2.75), respectively. The type of growth of female rabbitfish showed a positive allometric pattern on March (b = 3.07); and isometric on April (b = 2.96) and May (b = 2.98), respectively. Ponderal index of male rabbitfish range from 0.89 to 1.17 and females from 0.81 to 1.80. Females were generally in better condition than the males.


The booming development of data science and big data technology stacks has inspired continuous iterative updates of data science research or working methods. At present, the granularity of the labor division between data science and big data is more refined. Traditional work methods, from work infrastructure environment construction to data modelling and analysis of working methods, will greatly delay work and research efficiency. In this paper, we focus on the purpose of the current friendly collaboration of the data science team to build data science and big data analysis application platform based on microservices architecture for education or nonprofessional research field. In the environment based on microservices that facilitates updating the components of each component, the platform has a personal code experiment environment that integrates JupyterHub based on Spark and HDFS for multiuser use and a visualized modelling tools which follow the modular design of data science engineering based on Greenplum in-database analysis. The entire web service system is developed based on spring boot.


This report is designed to help municipalities identify what their legislative response should be to the considerable media hype about pit bulldogs. Samples of publications, ordinances, and court opinions are included in appendices.


Bodholdt, Robert H., M.S., M.A., Spring, 1989 Psychology Dyadic Preference Questionnaire: Exploring Attribution, Prediction Accuracy, and Perceived Similarity in Distressed and Nondistressed Married Couples (160 pp.) Directors: Herman A. Walter^F.b.p. and James A. Walsh, Ph. The present investigation explored differences between distressed and nondistressed married couples on dimensions of perceived similarity of desires, prediction accuracy of partner desires, self-reported desirability of engaging in positive valence and negative valence relationship activities, and perceived desirability for partner of engaging in these same relationship activities. The study predicted that, compared to nondistressed couples, distressed couples would: demonstrate dissimilarity between personal desires and desires attributed to partner; be inaccurate in their predictions of their partner's reported desirability of engaging in positive valence activities; rate engaging in positive activities as less desirable; perceive their partners as finding engaging in positive valence activities as undesirable; rate engaging in negative valence activities as desirable; and perceive their partners as finding engaging in negative valence activities as desirable. For these purposes, a new research instrument, the Dyadic Preference Questionnaire (DPQ), was developed which depicts 75 positive valence and 75 negative valence relationship activities that were judged by clinical psychology doctoral students as important to marital functioning. DPQ scales were shown to possess adequate internal consistency as gauged by Cronbach's coefficient alphas. Subjects were 40 married couples, 20 of which were assigned to the distressed group and 20 of which were assigned to the nondistressed group based on their scores on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results indicated an absence of unequivocal results on measures of perceived similarity. Distressed couples were not shown to be inaccurate in their predictions of their partners desires. Nondistressed couples tended to be inaccurate in their predictions of partner desires on positive and negative valence item types. Compared to nondistressed couples, distressed couples rated positive valence items as lower in desirability and rated negative valence items higher in desirability. Similarly, distressed couples rated their partners as finding positive valence activities relatively undesirable and positive activities relatively desirable. Possibilities for future research using the DPQ are presented.


Recently, researchers' and scientists' interest and concern to Internet of Things (IoT) have been remarkably increasing. A diversity of IoT devices such as mobile phones, sensors and even scientific measurement facilities have been connected to the Internet and then generating an enormous amount of data. From the demands on computational resources enough to analyze such data, the utilization of the cloud has been a major trend in these days. Taking aggregation and distribution of data from and to IoT devices on the cloud into consideration, however, access control to such data gives rise to an important problem. Each of IoT devices may have a security policy and each user may have a different attribute. For achieving safe access control to data, a fully-controlled infrastructure where access to network resources is controlled as well as computational resources is required. From such a consideration, this paper proposes an access-controlled networking mechanism that dynamically organizes a flexible and secure network linking IoT devices, computational resources and users on the cloud, based on user's attribute and IoT device security policies. The architecture of FlowSieve, which we have designed and implemented in this preliminary stage of the research, is presented as well as our envisaged fully access-controlled cloud for secure data access.


This study aimed to evaluate the stress distribution and mechanical behavior of miniplate designs to skeletal anchorage for the treatment of anterior open bite in adult patients. A complete hemimaxilla, teeth, brackets, transpalatal bar, and three miniplates were virtually modeled. I-, Y-, and T-shaped miniplates were installed in the area of the alveolar zygomatic crest. The assembly was constricted and three intrusive forces (2, 4, and 6 N) were applied to the maxillary molars and anchorage according to the miniplates. All materials were considered homogeneous, elastic, and linear; the mesh was 1,800,000 hexahedrons with 2,800,000 nodes on average. Displacement, maximum principal stress, and von Mises stress were evaluated according to the shape of the anchorage device and intrusive force. The miniplate configurations resulted in different stress and displacement intensities in the bone tissue and plate; these stresses were always located in the same regions and were within physiological limits. The Y-plate showed the best performance since its application generated less stress in bone tissue with less displacement.


The investigations of geodynamic processes on platform territories,including revealing and estimating the degree of the activity of faults,have both fundamental and practical significance in an equal measure;first,for understanding the global processes in the lithosphere of the Earth and the objects role in rather quiet areas,and second,for problems of setting main important objects—nuclear stations,pipelines, technological complexes and others.It is essential for the territories that considered earlier as seismically passive,and after pursuance of detailed works and development of seismological observations have been


Abstract A viscous flow solver based on the Runge-Kutta scheme has been modified for the numerical investigation of the aerothermal field due to the leading edge film cooling at a compound angle. An existing code has been modified to incorporate multiblock capabilities. Good agreement with the measured data has been achieved. The results of the numerical investigation have been used to analyse the vortex structure associated with the coolant jet-free-stream interaction to understand the contribution of different vortices on the cooling effectiveness and aerothermal losses. Two counter-rotating vortices generated by the interaction between the main flow and the coolant jet have been found to have a major influence in decreasing the cooling efficiency through strong entrainment of the hot fluid. Numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the influence of the inlet Mach number, the inlet turbulence intensity and the length scale on the aerothermal field due to the leading edge film cooling. Variation in the inlet Mach number leads to a minor modification of the cooling effectiveness, and this is predominantly caused by the modified pressure gradient. An increased turbulence intensity has a profound effect on the cooling near the leading edge. The adiabatic effectiveness downstream of the second row of coolant holes is less sensitive to a change in the turbulence intensity. The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the turbulence length scale has a significant effect on the accuracy of the numerical prediction of film cooling. Not only the inlet turbulence intensity but also the turbulence length scale should be accurately set to achieve a reliable numerical prediction of the heat and mass transfer due to film cooling.


Common sense theology has been a part of American theology since the time of the Revolution when Evangelicals incorporated ideals from the Scottish didactic Enlightenment into their thought. This paper deals with the work of one particular author, T. L. Carter, and his interpretation and exegetical work on Romans 13:1-7. It deals with the two major presuppositions of his common sense theology, namely that interpretations of any passage of Scripture will adhere to common sense and will result in a value-based ethic. Following this is an analysis of both the strengths and weaknesses of Carter's methodology. COMMON SENSE THEOLOGY 4 Common Sense Theology An Analysis of T.L. Carter's Interpretation of Romans 13 Introduction In his article "The Irony of Romans 13," T.L. Carter attempts to establish the possibility that the apostle Paul was using irony as a rhetorical device to actually teach a method of rebellion against civil authorities. This method was not outright rebellion; rather, Carter believes that Paul's ultimate goal is to "heap burning coals" (Rom. 12:20, ESV) on the heads of the ruling authorities. He bases this on an exegesis of Romans 13:1-7 and a method of Roman rhetoric that involves deliberate irony. Carter attempts to support an interpretation contrary to the majority of historical interpretation. He sees Paul fostering rebellion where most scholars have seen him promoting obedience. Carter's approach is rooted in two presuppositions. First, he assumes that the message of Scripture is common sense. That is to say that in some way, the reader should always be able to reconcile the truth he or she knows about the world with what he or she reads in Scripture. And second, he assumes that Scripture delivers a value-based ethic. He assumes that Scripture will teach a code of conduct and values to hold that apply or adapt to most, if not all, situations in life. If one is to understand the strengths and weakness of these two presuppositions, one must know their history as well. Without a proper understanding of their origins, it would be impossible to see the true danger they present to Scriptural interpretation. The strengths and weaknesses of Carter's methodology come from these two presuppositions. Any interpretive approach that is based on common sense and searches for a value-based ethic in Scripture will always draw conclusions that fall short of Scripture's true nature 1. T. L. Carter, "The Irony of Romans 13," Novum Testamentum 46, no. 3: (2004): 227. COMMON SENSE THEOLOGY 5 Carter's Methodology The Presuppositions Carter's presuppositions of common sense and value-based ethics are fundamentally a fusion between culture and religion. These two presuppositions are rooted in Western philosophies, specifically the philosophies of the Enlightenment and the Evangelical movements of that period. Common sense reasoning produces a valuebased ethic, and this reasoning is best exemplified during the Revolution era in American history. During the time of the American Revolution, Evangelical thought was struggling to survive. In The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind, Mark Noll exposes the development of common sense reasoning within the church as part of this struggle. He traces it to a fusion that occurred between "Christian convictions and Evangelical ideals" in an attempt to survive the rising tide of anti-traditionalism coming from that era as well as an interest in the emerging philosophies. A specific brand of Enlightenment thought answered the need and captured the attention of Evangelicals. This system of thought was a product of Scottish philosophy known as the didactic Enlightenment. The didactic Enlightenment was a movement, originating in mostly Scottish thought, which emphasized the common capacities of man, "both epistemological and ethical." Unlike 2. Mark Noll, The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publish Company, 1994), 67. 3. Noll notes that America rejected many forms of Enlightenment thought, that is to say, none of them took hold as the dominating philosophy of the time. They were incompatible with the way the majority of the population experienced life or wished to view their experience in life. However, the Scottish didactic Enlightenment seemed to describe life as many Americans knew it and answered the questions they were asking (Noll, The Scandal, 84).