In this paper, we analyze the effect of the retransmitted packet size preservation (RPSP) property. RPSP says that all transferred packets at (re-)transmissions (namely, transferred packets) have the same size as at the original transmission, that is, identical to the packet generated from a message (i.e., a generated packet), over wireless networks supporting one or more reliable communication protocols (RCPs), such as IEEE 802.11 and/or TCP. The key findings from the numerical results include 1) when we use IEEE 802.11 as an RCP with IP, in payload size l<inf>d</inf> = 1500 bytes (i.e., the standard MTU size for LANs), the effect of RPSP is not negligible for high mean bit-error rates, since l<inf>p</inf>max / l<inf>p</inf> is relatively large where l<inf>p</inf> and l<inf>p</inf>max represent the mean and maximum generated packet sizes, respectively, 2) in the case of TCP with HTTP, for l<inf>d</inf> = 1460 bytes (a common MSS value used for TCP), the effect of RPSP is less strong, because l<inf>p</inf>max / l<inf>p</inf> is smaller than in IEEE 802.11, and 3) a large mean burst bit-error length weakens the effect of RPSP.


A gyrotropic plasma with T∥/T⊥ ≡ γ T⊥ such an instability arises only if ωc2/ωp2 > 1/γ(γ−1) and then only for k2 < k02. However, in the latter case, the phase velocity of the instability exceeds c and the growth rate must be made to vanish because of relativistic considerations. No such instability arises for complete isotropy T⊥ = T∥.


Different gradation has remarkable influence on the asphalt mixture.In this article,we started from two kinds of asphalt mixtures according to Superpave method,took coarse and fine gradations for example as well as key parameters calculated,to analyze the influences of aggregate gradation on performance of Superpave asphalt mixture based on the laboratory experiments.Contrasted with the experiment results,the article draws the conclusion that aggregate gradation with the fully satisfied key parameters of Bailey has an apparent influence on rutting performance and has a little influence on the bulk performance,low temperature cracking and moisture susceptibility,especially the content of particle from 0.3 mm to 2.36 mm has a clear influence on the road performance;the coarse grading displays better on the road performance,meanwhile Bailey method is a reasonable way to evaluate the Superpave gradation.


In recent years, it has been possible to observe in the country changes of perspective in the university's academic in relation to the value of the usefulness of science. The traditional functions of teaching and basic research have been extended to other fields generating knowledge and promoting a greater transfer to the productive sector. The creations generated, tangible and intangible, are not more than the result of the accumulation of learning and the assimilation ofscientific knowledge systematized in the university environment, being very varied and susceptible to be protected in the matter of Intellectual Property (IP). The objective of this article is to make evident the Intellectual Property Management activities of the Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado (UCLA) as part of its academic mision and present some results. Researches, in relation to the subject, promoted the creation of a line of research in Technological Management and Intellectual Property whose results were presented in papers at national and international events; lectures, courses, workshops and talks were perform; seminars were held and two commissions were created to draft the Regulation on Intellectual Property Rights (RsDPI); an agreement was signed with the Autonomous System of Intellectual Property (SAPI), the Department of Technological Management and Intellectual Property (DGTyPI) was created and agreements were recently made with national universities. Through these and other demarches, it has been slowly raising awareness about the importance of IP, both among its academic staff and its authorities, achieving the approval of the RsDPI at the beginning of 2017.


The primary coolant piping systems of the nuclear production reactors constructed in the 1950's at Savannah River Site are comprised of Type 304 stainless steel. A program has been completed which assessed the material properties of archival large diameter piping having approximately six years of service at temperatures between 25 and 125{degree}C. An extensive database of mechanical properties was produced for examination of material variability and to provide properties for engineering analysis, including piping fracture resistance assessment. Tensile properties, Charpy-V notch ductility, and elastic-plastic fracture toughness were established for base metal, weld metal and weld heat-affected-zone (HAZ) materials. A total of 375 mechanical specimens representing ASTM L-C and C-L orientations were tested at temperatures of 25 or 125{degree}C. The effect of dynamic loading on tensile and fracture toughness properties was also explored. The time-to-specimen maximum load ({approx}80 milliseconds) was chosen to simulate a seismic loading event. The mechanical properties of the vintage piping material were found typical of those of recently-produced commercial melts of Type 304 stainless steel piping and are consistent with ASME Code Section II design values. The toughness properties of welds fabricated by the Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding process (multipass, Type 308 stainless steel filler), weremore » found similar to the base materials, yielding a high fracture resistance. Practical applications of the mechanical properties database in piping fracture assessments are illustrated with the methodology for an elastic-plastic analysis. 10 refs., 9 figs., 8 tabs.« less


The continuous dynamism that tourism suffers makes the motivations of tourists change, making them search for new experiences. In this sense, gastronomy is positioned as a key element of union between tourism and culture, thus developing gastronomic tourism. The analysis presented here will address gastronomic motivations and their influence on the value perceived by foreign tourists in Oruro (Bolivia), based on a total sample of 370 and through a covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM). Among the main results, it is worth highlighting the positive influence of gastronomic motivations on the value perceived by tourists. These results are also very useful for public and/or private entities for the creation of new strategies to promote local gastronomy.


In this paper, we develop a galaxy image classification method based on hand-crafted features and machine learning techniques. Additionally, we provide an empirical analysis to reveal which combination of the techniques is effective for galaxy image classification. To achieve this, we developed a framework which consists of four modules such as preprocessing, feature extraction, feature post-processing, and classification. Finally, we found that the best technique for galaxy image classification is a method to use a median filter, ORB vector features and a voting classifier based on RBF SVM, random forest and logistic regression. The final method is efficient so we believe that it is applicable to embedded environments.


Owing to the advantages of entanglement, in this work, an efficient and simple quantum sharing of two unknown state (QSTUS) protocol based on a six-qubit entangled state as the quantum channel is proposed. During the procession of the protocol, sender Alleyn possesses two unknown quantum states, at the same time, she wishes her four agents to share her quantum states. Hence, Alleyn implements two Bell basis measurements on her qubits, meanwhile the appointed controllers make a single-qubit measurement on her own qubit. Applying the suitable unitary operations, the state receivers can recover the original states. Analysis shows that only if all agents cooperate with each other, the proposed protocol QSTUS will be realized easily and successfully.


Resumen en: The culture of marine molluscs became, in the last ten years, an important source of income for communities living along the coast of Santa Catarina Stat...


The invention provides a quantum efficiency calibration device for a CCD (charge coupled device), comprising a light source, a monochromator, an integrating sphere, a monitoring detector, a fiber optic spectrometer, a data acquisition system, a precise displacement platform, a CCD drive circuit and a control system; the output light of the light source and the monochromator is injected to the integrating sphere through four symmetric directions; the fiber optic spectrometer obtains the wavelength of the output light at the output port of the integrating sphere through a light collector; the precise displacement platform adjusts the photosensitive surface of the tested CCD to be positioned in the center of the light outlet hole of the integrating sphere; the data acquisition system collects one frame or multiple frames of the output signal of the tested CCD; the monitoring detector obtains the light power distribution of the integrating sphere at the output port of the integrating sphere; the control system changes the output wavelength of the monochromator according to certain stepping and tests the quantum efficiency of the CCD at the next wavelength point and draws the changing curve of the quantum efficiency of the tested CCD, along with the wavelength.


A joint study is being made by C.A.A. and R.A.E. of the operation of S.T.O.L. aircraft in terminal areas, with particular reference to airport capacity. In this paper we present some results of this study concerning a single S.T.O.L./R.T.O.L. runway, to show in particular the marked effect that the need to separate aircraft for turbulent wake considerations could have on this capacity. There is considerable advantage to be gained with the heavier aircraft if this turbulent wake effect is reduced by aircraft design. The paper was presented at the 19th Technical Conference of I.A.T.A., Dublin, 1972. The development of short take-off and landing aircraft (S .T. O. L.) is being considered as one means of containing the expected growth in passenger and cargo traffic without necessarily incurring the cost and disturbance to the environment involved in building large airports for conventional aircraft (C.T.O.L.). Also for a comparable cost to that of building a C.T.O.L. airport, a number of S.T.O.L. ports can be built, thus making air travel more convenient for a larger number of people. In the system study of S.T.O.L. operations, the capacity (movements per hour) of a S.T.O.L. port is a significant parameter. A research study of future S.T.O.L. operations, using an existing airport complex as an illustration, has been carried out in the U.K. This study involved considerations both as to reducing the noise effects on the community and to increasing capacity, in order to match the future anticipated demand. This paper is limited to the capacity of a hypothetical single S.T.O.L. runway.


The output of X radiation from gas-puff implosions is studied in reference to its theoretical prediction by simple model. Results show that the gas-puff radius, but not implosion time, controls radiation yield. Radius-scaling models being fairly reliable may lead to an overestimation sometimes. (AIP)


Objective:To study the analgesic effects of Gypsum. Methods:Heat-induced pain and pain caused by acetic acid in rat were used to observe the analgesic effects of Gypsum,Anhydrite and CaSO4·2H2O. Aspirin was used as positive control,and NS was used as a vehicle control. Results:Gypsum could obviously reduced the aching reactions caused by heat and acetic acid. Anhydrite could only reduced the aching reactions caused by acetic acid. CaSO4·2H2O could not reduced the aching reactions caused by heat or acetic acid. Conclusion:Gypsum has analgesic effects,but CaSO4·2H2O is not the material basis of analgesic effects.


Functional brain networks have been shown to undergo fundamental changes associated with aging or schizophrenia. However, the mechanism of how these factors exert influences jointly or interactively on brain networks remains elusive. A unified recognition of connectomic alteration patterns was also hampered by heterogeneities in network construction and thresholding methods. Recently, an unbiased network representation method regardless of network thresholding, so called minimal spanning tree algorithm, has been applied to study the critical skeleton of the brain network. In this study, we aimed to use minimum spanning tree (MST) as an unbiased network reconstruction and employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to unravel intertwined relationships among multiple phenotypic and connectomic variables in schizophrenia. First, we examined global and local brain network properties in 40 healthy subjects and 40 schizophrenic patients aged 21–55 using resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Global network alterations are measured by graph theoretical metrics of MSTs and a connectivity‐transitivity two‐dimensional approach was proposed to characterize nodal roles. We found that networks of schizophrenic patients exhibited a more star‐like global structure compared to controls, indicating excessive integration, and a loss of regional transitivity in the dorsal frontal cortex (corrected p <.05). Regional analysis of MST network topology revealed that schizophrenia patients had more network hubs in frontal regions, which may be linked to the "overloading" hypothesis. Furthermore, using SEM, we found that the level of MST integration mediated the influence of age on negative symptom severity (indirect effect 95% CI [0.026, 0.449]). These findings highlighted an altered network skeleton in schizophrenia and suggested that aging‐related enhancement of network integration may undermine functional specialization of distinct neural systems and result in aggravated schizophrenic symptoms.


Desvenlafaxine succinate is a synthetic form of the major active metabolite of venlafaxine. The aim of the present study was to develop a simple, accurate, precise and reproducible method for the estimation of desvenlafaxine succinate in tablet dosage form using UV spectrophotometry. Purified water was used as the solvent for desvenlafaxine succinate. The UV spectrum of desvenlafaxine in water showed lmax at 224 nm and Beer-Lambert law was obeyed in the concentration range of 5-40 µg/ml. The result of analysis has been validated statistically. The recovery studies range from 99.78±1.05%, confirmed the accuracy of the proposed methods. The method was found to be precise with % relative standard deviation ±(0.244%) for interday precision and for intraday ±(0.243%). The proposed method is simple, precise, accurate and rapid for the determination of desvenlafaxine succinate in tablet dosage forms.


Hypnosis and Its Clinical Applications. By John Hartlad, BSc, MB, ChB, MRCS, LRCP, and Stanley Tinkler, LDS, RCS (Eng). Price, $12. Pp 346. The Williams and Wilkins Company, 428 E Preston St, Baltimore 21202, 1966. The author of Medical and Dental Hypnosis is a practicing English psychiatrist with wide experience in general medicine. He addresses himself primarily to the general practitioner who wishes to use hypnotic techniques in his daily practice, but does not know where and how to begin. On this side of the Atlantic, where specialization is much


Paediatrics has lost a leading figure and the nation a wise counsellor in the death of Sir James Spence on May 26 at the age of 62. His reputation was international, and he had made it so by hard work, clear thinking, and a happy gift of exposition which often sounded more like a fireside chat than a set lecture. James Calvert Spence was born on March 19, 1892, the son of Magnus Spence and Isabella Turnbull, and


http://jop.sagepub.com/content/16/3/200 The online version of this article can be found at: DOI: 10.1177/026988110201600302 2002 16: 200 J Psychopharmacol G. J. E. Schmitt, E. M. Meisenzahl, S. Dresel, K. Tatsch, B. Rossmüller, T. Frodl, U. W. Preuss, K. Hahn and H.-j. Möller 123I-iodobenzamide SPECT: a comparative study with olanzapine Striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding of risperidone in schizophrenic patients as assessed by


Abstract Background: Diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic-degenerative diseases worldwide and has historically had a higher burden in high-income countries, but the disease is growing rapidly in low-to-middle-income countries. Brazil is an upper middle-income country with the fourth higher prevalence of diabetes and the fifth in diabetes-related health expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of glycemic control by type of diabetes in patients from the Southeastern of Brazil. Methods: Data from 662 patients with diabetes attending public and private Endocrinology units were analyzed after reviewing medical records in Minas Gerais (southeastern), Brazil. Results: We reviewed the medical records from a total of 662 patients. Among the types of diabetes, the sample included 602 type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients (90.9%) and 54 patients with type 1 diabetes (8.1%), 6 (1%) patients diagnosed with LADA. The highest proportion of overweight and obesity was found in T2D patients (35% overweight and 42% obese). Most patients with T1D were of normal weight (72%) and LADA all eutrophics. Most patients were female with T2D (68%), median age of 55.1 years. Regarding the main parameter of treatment control, glycated hemoglobin presented alarming data for glycemic control: only 14.81% of type 1 diabetics presented good control (HbA1c <7%), 35.58% of type 2 diabetics and 33.3% of LADA. Among type 2 diabetic patients, there was a difference between the median HbA1c between patients taking insulin (8.7%) and no insulin patients (7%) p 0.001. Among the antihyperglycaemic drugs, metformin was the most used (70% in type 2 diabetics). The second most commonly used class of antihyperglycaemic agents were sulphonylureas (31.8% isolated or associated with metformin). Median HbA1c among T2D on insulin was 8.6%, very similar to a median of patients with T1D (8.65%), LADA 7.7%. The association between insulin treatment and poor diabetes control is reported in other countries. In keeping with this, insulin was used predominantly in the group of patients with longer duration of diabetes, and this could reflect the difficulty in achieving adequate control in the setting of beta cell pancreatic failure, not due to insulin treatment per se. Conclusion: The non-diagnosis of LADA may increase the risk of early failure of beta-pancreatic cells, since in the developing countries sulfonylureas are still the second class most prescribed due to the lower cost of these drugs. Thus, it is necessary to alert the scientific community about the importance of LADA screening. Our findings reaffirm the need that others types of diabetes must be discussed. It is therefore possible that health policies focusing patients with these features might favorably affect glycemic control among patients with diabetes.


Researchers have developed and applied a computational method based on deep neural networks to model and create complex 3D spider webs.


Background and Purpose— The Australian Stroke Foundation ran annual paid advertising between 2004 and 2014, using the FAST (Face, Arm, Speech, Time) campaign from 2006 and adding the message to call emergency medical services in 2007. In this study, we examined temporal trends in emergency medical services use and referrals from general practitioners in the Australian state of Victoria to evaluate the impact of these campaigns. Methods— Using data from 33 public emergency departments, contributing to the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset, we examined trends in emergency department presentations for 118 000 adults with an emergency diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack between 2003 and 2015. Annual trends were examined using logistic regression using a precampaign period (January 2003 to August 2004) as reference and adjusting for demographic variables. Results— Compared with the precampaign period, significant increases in emergency medical services use were seen annually between 2008 and 2015 (all P<0.001, eg, 2015; adjusted odds ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.10–1.23). In contrast, a decrease was seen in patients presenting via general practitioners across all campaign years (all P<0.001, eg, 2015; adjusted odds ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.44–0.53). Conclusions— Since the Stroke Foundation campaigns began, a greater proportion of stroke and transient ischemic attack patients are presenting to hospital by emergency medical services and appear to be bypassing their general practitioners.


Ion implanted bars have been used in a MSFVW oblique incidence reflective array linear delay filter at 3 GHz. Theory and synthesis techniques are presented based on a four layer complex dispersion relation and the impulse reflection model.


Introduction: Background & Objective: Anemia during pregnancy has a relatively high prevalence. Mild anemia is not associated with significant embryonic effects, whereas severe anemia (hemoglobin of 0.05). However, the prevalence of anemia was significantly different in various regions of the city, and the neonates of anemic mothers had significantly lower head circumference compared to the neonates of the mothers without anemia (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results, the prevalence of anemia seems to be relatively lower in Yazd compared to the other regions in Iran, which could be attributed to the expansion of healthcare services and implementation of preventive intervention programs in these areas.


This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical usefulness of the hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test in predicting successful conception in couples in which men with mild male-factor infertility criteria were undergoing a timed vaginal inter-course protocol. One hundred couples, in which mild male infertility was the only abnormality, were included in the study. Semen was analyzed according to standard World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and subjected to the HOS test. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=39) with normal HOS test and group 2 (n=61) with abnormal HOS test. All women underwent three consecutive cycles of follicular growth ultrasound monitoring and timed intercourse. Ten couples were exclude from the study. Ten clinical pregnancies were achieved in group 1 with a pregnancy rate per patient and per cycle of 28.5% and 9.5%, respectively. In group 2, 6 pregnancies were achieved, with a pregnancy rate per patient and per cycle of 10.9% and 3.6%, respectively. Both pregnancy rates per patients and per cycle was significantly higher (P <.05) in group 1 than in group 2. The HOS test may be considered an easy and reliable test in identifying among subfertile men those who have a greater possibility of causing pregnancy.


Radial basis function-based state-dependent autoregressive (RBF-AR) models are a class of nonlinear combined models. This letter focuses on the parameter estimation for the RBF-AR models. To overcome the estimation difficulty due to the highly nonlinear relations between the parameters and the model output, the separated idea is used to transform the original optimization problem into a quadratic and a nonlinear optimization problems. Applying the hierarchical identification principle and the multi-innovation theory, two interactive algorithms are proposed for the RBF-AR models. In addition, an approach based on data weighting is proposed to overcome the data saturation in the algorithms. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms from the aspects of parameter estimation accuracy and prediction performance.


Thank you very much for reading establishing corporate innovation communities a social capital perspective. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their chosen readings like this establishing corporate innovation communities a social capital perspective, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Recently, an image enhancement receives a considerable research attention due to its wide application. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to enhance the contrast of remote sensing image while avoiding color distortion and detail loss. First, based on the Sobel operator strength, the local adaptive weighting parameter is obtained to penalize the fixed regularization parameter of original guided filtering. Then, the grayscale difference between flat patch and edge patch, which is caused by the fixed regularization parameter is amplified meanwhile without sacrificing the denoising performance. Finally, the Gaussian filtering of original multiscale retinex with color restoration is replaced with the guided filtering based on the Sobel edge detection operator to estimate the incident component of an image. Comparing with the previous algorithms, the proposed one can obtain more edge details and better color fidelity but with lower computational complexity and higher efficiency.


Perforation of the heart is an extremely rare complication of benign peptic ulcer. To our knowledge, it has never been reported in Thailand. The case is reported here of a 46 years old man, who was admitted due to severe hematemesis and melena. The ulcerogenic agents in this patients include cigarettes, alcohol, tea, coffee and analgesic. Later on the bleeding was still active, so an explore laparotomy was performed. A large benign gastric ulcer was found penetrating the diaphragm into the left ventricle. Unfortunately the patient died on the operating table. This entity should be considered in patients with pneumopericardlum, anterior ulcers of the lower thoracic gastrointestinal tract, diaphragmatic ulcers in the intraabdominal gastric fundus and myocardial ischemia with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, especially if there is a history of esophagogastric surgery or hiatus hernia.


The article presents the new tax and legal framework for Polish and international undertakings for collective investments (UCI) that came into force in January 2011. Prior to 2011, there were some tax obstacles within the Polish tax system that made competitive advantage in favor of domestic UCIs, and therefore were not in line with European regulations. The tax harmonization voted at the end of 2010 by Polish Parliament lifted those barriers, but at the same time gave birth to new threats and opportunities.


The changes in the physical characteristics of the tablets containing ethylaminobenzoate during storage under drying conditions at different temperatures below the melting point were investigated. Changes in the crushing strength of the tablets, the disintegration properties of the tablets, the penetrating speed of water into the tablets and the pore diameter in the tablets were apparent even below the melting point. These changes tended to become larger at higher storage temperature. Based on a comparison with the results for stored tablets composed of only one component, it is considered that one of the causes of these changes is sintering. It is suggested that these changes are affected by the excipients in the tablets.


In allusion to the complex boundary reservoirs of Henan Oilfield,conventional well test interpretation method and finite element grid were used for describing the respond of pressure variation in every grid from different periods for realizing the fine description of the every unit for testing reservoir.Numerical well test interpretation method could describe the reservoir more intuitively and more accurately.It provides reference for setting up the plan of oil exploration and exploitation.


An exact solution of unsteady flow past an exponentially accelerated infinite vertical plate with variable temperature has been presented in the presence of uniform mass diffusion. The plate temperature is raised linearly with time and species concentration level near the plate is made to rise Cw. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using Laplace-transform technique. The velocity profiles fields are studied for different physical parameters like thermal Grashof number, mass Grashof number, Schmidt number, a and time. It is observed that the velocity increases with increasing values of a or t.


The reaction of heterofunctional condensation (HFC) of 1,4-bis(phenyldichlorosilyl)benzene with dihydroxydiphenylsilane at initial ratio of 1:4, led to tetrakis(hydroxydiphenylsiloxy)-1,4-bis(phenylsilyl)benzene. By heterofunctional condensation of the tetrakis(hydroxydiphenylsiloxy)-1,4-bis(phenylsilyl)benzene with organotrichlorosilanes at 1:2 ratio dichloro-containing arylenecyclosiloxanes were obtained. The dichloroarylenecyclosiloxanes has been obtained by successive heterofunctional condensation of 1,4-bis(dichlorophenylsilyl)benzene with dihydroxydiphenylsilane and organotrichlorosilanes at 1:4:2 ratio. By hydrolysis of dichloroarylenecyclosiloxanes in neutral condition the corresponding dihydroxy compounds were obtained. By heterofunctional polycondensation of dichloro(dihydroxy)arylenecyclosiloxanes with f , y -dihydroxy (bisdimethylamino)dimethylsiloxanes arylenecyclosiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers were obtained. Thermogravimetric, thermomechanical and X-ray investigations of the synthesized copolymers have been carried out.


The xylanase from Streptomyces microflavus was studied by liquid culture.And bagasse was used as sole carbon source.The activity of xylanase was determined.It detects these factors which are the content of carbon source,nitrogen source and inoculation size effecting on the activity of xylanase.Further research showed that,for the xylanase production of Streptomyces microflavus,the optimal content of carbon source is 10%,and nitrogen source is the mixture of ammonium sulfate and yeast extract.Inoculation volume is 5%.Culture was carried out in Shake Flasks(250ml)containing 50ml medium,all flasks were incubated for five days in an shaker(120rpm,30℃),and the xylanase activity of culture filtrate came up to 7.74IU/mL.


Perinatal stroke (PS) causes hemiparetic cerebral palsy (CP) and lifelong disability. Compensatory changes in the nonlesioned hemisphere may mediate residual function and represent targets for neur...


Acoustic emission signals specific to the incremental advance of fatigue cracks can be detected, cycle after cycle, during crack propagation tests. They were termed acoustic multiplets in reference to repeating earthquakes. Detecting such multiplets would give information about the fracturing process and provide early warnings when monitoring industrial parts in service. We developed a clustering method to extract multiplets signals from all signals and noise of fatigue tests. This method is based on the computation of the cross-correlation function between waveforms. On the distribution of the cross-correlation matrix, signals belonging to multiplets are clearly identified and permit to automatically clustered. This paper develops the steps of the method, presents results obtained on a dataset of a fatigue test and shows its noise robustness.


The effects of possible changes to the Canadian 2‐tiered assessment framework for dredged material based on outcomes of the 2006 Contaminated Dredged Material Management Decisions Workshop (CDMMD) are evaluated. Expanding on the "data mining" approach described in a previous paper, which focused solely on chemical lines of evidence, the efficacy of Tier 1 approaches (increases to the number of chemical analytes, use of mean hazard quotients, and the use of a screening bioassay) in predicting toxicity are evaluated. Results suggest value in additional work to evaluate the following areas: 1) further expanding minimum chemical requirements, 2) using more advanced approaches for chemical interpretation, and 3) using a screening‐level bioassay (e.g., Canadian solid‐phase photoluminescent bacteria test) to determine whether it would complement Tier 1 chemistry as well as or better than the solvent‐based Microtox™ test method evaluated in the present study. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:1072–1085. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)


Several challenges arise in responding to atrocity crimes in contemporary practice. First, there is not the same proactive vision for justice in the U.N. Security Council as existed in 1993 and 1994. Second, reflecting upon the practice of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and recent controversial judgments, the question looms whether judges properly evaluate how mass atrocity crimes occur within the particular characteristics of the overall situation or overall conflict. Third, the great value of international criminal tribunals and internationally-created hybrid tribunals is that they create a clear public record of events that, through the rigorous investigation and prosecution of atrocity crimes, rebut attempts at denial or revisionism by politicians and extremists. Further, a new paradigm in international affairs should be formulated, one that compels effective, timely, and significant multilateral responses directly aimed at lawless forces engaged in atrocity crimes and bold enough to act swiftly with lawful justification even in the absence of Security Council authorization thwarted by the veto power.


We present a simple algorithm which maintains the topological order of a directed acyclic graph with n nodes under an online edge insertion sequence in O(n2.75) time, independent of the number of edges m inserted. For dense DAGs, this is an improvement over the previous best result of O(min{m 32 log n,m 32 + n2 log n}) by Katriel and Bodlaender.


This paper proposes an iterative unsupervised Markov Random Field (MRF) based segmentation technique for polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image using the optimized scattering mechanism similarity parameters. Parameter estimation for the MRF model is generally performed from the available training data in order to perform tasks including semantic image segmentation. Since the current scenario is entirely unsupervised, the parameter estimation is performed iteratively using the Expectation Maximization (EM) technique considering the classes are distributed according to Gaussian functions. Further, we model the pairwise potential of the MRF cost function using a weighted combination of the similarity parameters. Results obtained on a fully polarimetric SAR data establishes the potential of such unsupervised random field models for analyzing SAR data effectively.


Hydrolysis process of xylan by xylanase in membrane reactor was studied under conditions of xylan concentration 30.0 g/L,operating pressure 16 kPa,feed rate 400 mL/min,enzymatic hydrolysis time 12 h,pH value 5.0 and 48 ℃.Results showed that total sugars yield from enzymatic hydrolysis xylan was 60.10%;degree of polymerization(DP) of unhydrolyzed xylan was about 10,DP was not changed by use of alkaline;total sugars yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of unhydrolyzed xylan was 7.50%.


The purpose of this thesis is to research the impact of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States and the US and global tourism industry, to describe major problems, consequences and lessons learned, and analyze the response of the US and globally  to these challenges in terms of the development of future concepts . In particular, the impact analysis on the US  includes a detailed review involving the statistical implications for the whole industry's major sectors such as air travel, conventional leisure tourism, and the hotel and restaurant industries. Economic, security and legislation measures undertaken by the United States government and other official authorities  to combat the consequences of the crisis and help the domestic  economy to recover from the crisis are analyzed in detail. This thesis also reviews the real impact of these measures on the crisis recovery process in the US and on an international level.


Introduction Production Processes for Metal Foams Processing and Joining of Metal Foams Modelling and Simulation of Cellular Structures Characterization of Structures and Properties Applications and Industrial Uses.


By using the methods of documentary and logical analysis, this paper analyzes the development the targets and developing procedure of the sports events marketing, puts forward the integrated marketing strategy of the sports events primarily: the integration of the business marketing and relation marketing of the sports events, the integration of the customer marketing and public marketing of the sports events, the integration of the outer marketing and inner marketing of the sports events, the integration of the online marketing and offline marketing of the sports events.


The case for a flat tax has been around for over two decades. In the early 1980s, Robert Hall and Alvin Rabush-ka of the Hoover Institution developed a tax system that is based on a single rate of taxation for all sources of income, as close as possible to the source. All income is classified as either business income or wages and taxed at one rate, except for a personal allowance exempting lower income individuals and families from taxation (this makes the Hall-Rabushka proposal to some extent progressive). There are no other exemptions, no deductions, no loopholes. The other essential aspect of the flat tax system developed by Hall-Rabushka is radical simplification of the tax system, by removing any deductions or reliefs, and by eliminating double taxation. This proposal repre-sents a fundamental change in the way governments would collect tax revenue. Flat tax is believed to help reduce red tape and associated difficulties and confusion. With tax form down to size of postcard the flat tax system makes tax filling much simpler and more efficient; achieve simplicity, economic efficiency and fairness (same rate for all) – three principle of effective/sound taxation; reduce tax evasion and cheating, by lowering opportunity cost of avoiding taxes. Flat tax systems means elimination of relief, allowances and thus eliminates loopholes in the sys-tem and provide incentives to work, save and invest that trigger an economic boom.


This essay explores the deficiencies of the Task-based instruction of college English in China,which developed from the western practice of second language teaching,in the following three aspects: teachers'lack of knowledge and linguistic competency of the TBI;students'boycott of TBI out of exam-oriented motives and shy personalities;and deficiency of external supports.It proposes that the positive side of students'exam-oriented motivations be brought into full play to design proper communicative tasks in an effort to encourage students to participate in the classroom activities.And managerial departments of universities are supposed to create better teaching and learning environments for college English.


Various methods were evaluated for decontaminating the Light Duty Utility Arm (LDUA). Physical capabilities of each method were compared with the constraints and requirements for the LDUA Decontamination System. Costs were compared and a referred alternative was chosen.


Abstract This paper focuses on the volumetric behavior of residual tropical soils. Two residual tropical soils belonging to the same geological formation and located in the coastal sedimentary basin of Gabon are studied. These soils are known as pelitic soils. As the hydromechanical behavior of residual tropical soils is still relatively unknown, it is interesting to study the influence of suction on the volumetric behavior of these soils through shrinkage curves. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, to study the volume variations in the two studied residual tropical soils with suction changes. Secondly, to propose a modelling of soil-water retention curves (SWRCs) of these soils. For this purpose, shrinkage tests are carried out to study the volume variations of the studied soils. These tests are supported by determining a bilinear approximation model to enable the variation in suction during drying to be estimated. Tests to determine SWRCs at different initial dry densities are used to calibrate the bilinear approximation model between void ratio and suction. The modified Kovács model (MK model) has been adapted to model SWRCs of the studied soils.


We present a complete pretopology semantics for a system of Intuitionistic Linear Logic (commutative or not) where the storage operator is split into a contraction and a weakening component and then recovered again from them. The semantics for weakening and contraction has been explored by Bart Jacobs 13] in a categorical setting. However, a completeness theorem is not given in 13] and the approach taken there does not accommodate the case of non-commutative linear logic. Besides, we think it useful to have an intuitive, Kripke-type semantics for the bimodal system. Extensions of the exponential-free linear logic with modalities weaker than Girard's operator \!" have been recently considered by Anna Bucalo 3]. The canonical model construction of 3] is based on and extends the standard phase-space semantics for linear and substructural logics (Troelstra 22], Ono 21]). The subtle point from our standpoint, however, is in recovering the linear logic storage operator from weaker modalities. It did not seem possible to modify the approach of 22, 21, 3] to account for the interaction needed between the contraction and weakening modalities, if one wants to recover the linear logic storage operator. We propose a new solution here using the space of all, rather than only the Dedekind-MacNeille closed ideals.


In this paper, we have deal with the impact of temperature based on polarity controlled concept. Therefore, temperature sensitivity on the electrically doped tunnel FET (ED-TFET) device has been reported in this work. The simulations were carried on SILVACO ATLAS technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulator. We can analyze that Ion/Ioff current decreases and Ioff increases with the temperature and also subthreshold swing (SS) increases with temperature. We can observe that analog/RF (Cgg, fT, gm and GBP), and linearity figure of merits (gm3, VIP3, IIP3 and IMD3) have shown negligible variation with respect to temperature, which confirms that the proposed device (ED-TFET) can also use for high temperature applications.


From the early days of the Journal of Education for Teaching the editors have organised international colloquia at which leading teacher educators have discussed key issues concerning teacher education. Colloquists have been predominantly but not exclusively Anglophone. The aim of the meetings was to consider matters of common interest that might be helpful to teacher educators in all systems of teacher education.


Hibernation has received considerable attention from physiologists and natural historians, but theoretical and ecological treatments of hibernation are rarer. There is ample recent evidence that costs associated with hibernation affect the degree to which hibernation is expressed in nature, but we currently lack a quantitative framework under which to make predictions about how the costs and benefits of hibernation interact under various environmental conditions. Here, we attempt the first steps towards building an optimal hibernation theory for making specific predictions about the expression of hibernation (i.e. the depth and duration of torpor bouts), metabolic functioning, and the total period of hibernation in mammals and birds. Our current understanding of the costs associated with hibernation do not allow for parameterisation of optimal hibernation theory, but we hope this work provides a roadmap for physiologists and ecologists to collect the necessary data in the future.


Background: The hormone somatostatin inhibits growth hormone release from the pituitary gland and is theoretically linked to diabetes and diabetes related complications. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between levels of the stable somatostatin precursor, N-terminal prosomatostatin (NTproSST), with mortality in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Methods: In 1,326 T2DM outpatients, participating in this ZODIAC prospective cohort study, Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate the independent relationship between plasma NT-proSST concentrations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Results: Median concentration of NT-proSST was 592 [IQR 450-783] pmol/L. During follow-up for 6 [3 10] years, 413 (31%) patients died, of which 176 deaths (43%) were attributable to cardiovascular causes. The age and sex adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.48 (95%CI 1.14 1.93) and 2.21 (95%CI 1.49 3.28). However, after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors there was no independent association of log NT-proSST with mortality, which was almost entirely attributable to adjustment for serum creatinine. There were no significant differences in Harrell's C statistics to predict mortality for the models with and without NT-proSST: both 0.79 (95%CI 0.77 – 0.82) and 0.81 (95%CI 0.77 – 0.84). Conclusions: NT-proSST is unsuitable as a biomarker for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in stable outpatients with T2DM.


BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal cancer is endemic in a few well-defined populations. The prognosis for advanced nasopharyngeal cancer is poor, but early-stage disease is curable and a high survival rate can be achieved. Screening for early-stage disease could lead to improved outcomes. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology and nasopharyngoscopy are most commonly used for screening. The efficacy and true benefit of screening remain uncertain due to potential selection, lead-time and length-time biases.

OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness of screening of asymptomatic individuals by EBV serology and/or nasopharyngoscopy in reducing the mortality of nasopharyngeal cancer compared to no screening. To assess the impact of screening for nasopharyngeal cancer on incidence, survival, adverse effects, cost-effectiveness and quality of life.

SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane Ear, Nose and Throat Disorders Group (CENTDG) Trials Search Co-ordinator searched the CENTDG Trials Register; Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2015, Issue 6); PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; Web of Science; Clinicaltrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 6 July 2015.

SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCT) and controlled clinical trials (CCT) evaluating screening for nasopharyngeal cancer versus no screening. Randomisation either by clusters or individuals was acceptable.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used the standard methodological procedures expected by The Cochrane Collaboration. Our primary outcome measure was nasopharyngeal cancer-specific mortality. Secondary outcomes were incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer by stage and histopathological classification at diagnosis, survival (two-year, three-year, five-year and 10-year), harms of screening (physical and psychosocial), quality of life (via validated tools such as the SF-36 and patient satisfaction), cost-effectiveness and all-cause mortality.

MAIN RESULTS
We identified no trials that met the review inclusion criteria. We retrieved 31 full-text studies for further investigation following the search. However, none met the eligibility criteria for a RCT or CCT investigation on the efficacy of screening for nasopharyngeal cancer.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
No data from RCTs or CCTs are available to allow us to determine the efficacy of screening for nasopharyngeal cancer, or the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of a screening strategy. High-quality studies with long-term follow-up of mortality and cost-effectiveness are needed.


This master's thesis presents a design intervention aiming to redefine people's smart-phone usage, preceded by an investigation into the present-day social issue of people's high strivings. The aim of the thesis has been to explore how a design approach can contribute to improving people's mental health, by means of interventions that support people in their daily lives. The project has been in cooperation with the Trimbos Institute, a centre of expertise on mental health, which develops and applies their knowledge for the benefit of the health of the Dutch population. Several developments in our performance-driven society - such as the growing number of people experiencing stress - indicate that people are often setting too high expectations for themselves and consequentially experience less subjective well-being. When people have multiple strivings that interfere with one another, e.g. meeting a deadline and spending time with friends, they experience conflicting life-goals. A framework has been developed summarizing the compentences people need to posess to constructively deal with conflicting life-goals. An essential competence is for people to questioning their own (limiting) convictions. Nowadays, people subconciously feel the need to be connected and are afraid of missing out. This conviction underlies people's urge to compulsively check their mobile phone, also referred to as phubbing. The goal of this project has been to make people question whether they can miss out by making it feel absurd to constantly check your phone. The Attention Seekers is a set of interactive coasters that respond to mobile phone usage within its surroundings. A radio-frequency detector recognizes when mobile phones are being actively used and a small mechanism makes the coasters slowely move around, thereby playfully grabbing people's attention. The device confronts people in social settings with their urge to constantly check and respond to messages. The absurd response of the device make people concious of their behaviour and reconsider the necessity of phubbing.


Copper (II) accumulation has been investigated in the green alga Scenedesmus subspicatus G. Brinkmann considering both adsorption and uptake kinetics. Experiments were conducted in a Cu‐ and PH‐buffered medium at different free Cu2+ concentrations that were neither growth limiting nor toxic. We distinguished between adsorption on the cell surface and intracellular uptake by extracting copper from the cells with EDTA. Data from short‐term experiments were compared with data obtained from experiments under steady state conditions. The accumulation of Cu can be described by two processes, an initial fast adsorption occurring within a minute followed by a slower intracellular uptake. Metal uptake followed Michaelis‐Menten kinetics and is mediated by two systems, one with low and the other with high affinity. The maximum uptake rates (1.30 × 10−‐10 mol·[g dry wt algae]−1· min−1, 3.67 × 10−‐9 mol·[g dry wt algae]−1·min−1), and the half‐saturation constants (6.84 × 10−‐14 M, 2.82 × 10−‐12 M) for the two uptake systems were determined using the Lineweaver‐Burk plot. The calculated maximum concentration of binding sites on the surface of the algae is initially higher (9.0 × 10−‐6 mol Cu.[g dry wt algae]−1) than under steady state conditions (2.9 × 10−‐6 mol Cu·[g dry wt algae]−1). This suggests that the initial binding to the algal surface comprises the binding to specific transport ligands as well as to inert adsorption sites. The conditional stability constant of the Cu binding to surface ligands was calculated as log KCu= 11.0 at pH 7.9. This freshwater alga has a high ability to accumulate Cu, reflecting its adaptation to the bioavailable concentration of copper.


With the dramatic growth and popularity of the social media, privacy concerns from a user's perspective have degraded because of easier information retrieval and communication among other features. Security settings are added to almost all the social networks like Facebook, Twitter etc., but, essentially no much attention has been given to what or what not images can be posted on these networks. Above all, the tagging option of these images is not under the control of the tagged user. With the development of image processing softwares like Adobe Photoshop, Avid, Vegas etc., the detection of forged images and their subsequent posting and tagging on social media and has introduced newest privacy concerns. Sharing images with online content-sharing websites may result in an unexpected exposure of one's social environment and an abuse of their personal information. The de facto image format for most of the today's digital cameras is Jpeg. Different cameras have a wide range of Jpeg headers. We demonstrate a novel solution to detecting a tampered image by creating and capturing the image signature from the hex file of the image using the values in Jpeg header including Huffman and Quantization values, camera specification values and JFIF format. Using these values, we will detect the tampered images and prevent their posting on the social networks.


An experiment was conducted to investigate factors responsible for the variability of apparent ileal digestibility values of amino acids (AA) in high-protein wheat samples. Six barrows, average initial body weight 30.5 kg, fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ileum, were fed six diets according to a 6 x 6 Latin square design. The six diets included 970 g kg"1 of different samples of wheat. Chromic oxide was used as the digestibility marker. The barrows were fed twice daily, at 08:00 and 20:00 h. The dietary allowance was 1,600 g d"1. Each experimental period consisted of 8 d. Ileal digesta were collected for a total of 24 h, at 2-h intervals, from 08:00 on d 6 to 08:00 h on d 8. There were differences (P<0.05) in the apparent ileal digestibility values of all amino acids (AA) among the wheat samples. Of the indispensable (+semi-) amino acids (AA), within each sample, the digestibility values of lysine and threonine, the firstand second-limiting AA, were lowest and ranged from 59.0 to 70.3 (PO.05) and 64.2 to 73.0% (PO.05) , respectively. With the exception of arginine and tyrosine, the digestibility values of the other indispensable (+semi-) AA, were negatively correlated (PO.05) with neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) content, whereas differences in dietary AA contents did not affect the variability of the ileal AA digestibility values in the wheat samples. In conclusion, measured with the ileal analysis method, there was considerable variation in the digestibility values of AA in high-protein wheat samples. Differences in NDF content were, in part, responsible for the variation. Furthermore, the relatively low digestibility values of lysine, threonine and tryptophan further accentuate the limitation of these AA in proteins from wheat. * Supported by the Alberta Agricultural Research Institute, Halchemix Canada Inc., Toronto, ON and Heartland Lysine Inc., Chicago, IL 1 Corresponding author 104 ILEAL DIGESTIBILITY OF WHEAT AMINO ACIDS


Over the years, the concept of UN reconciliation has evolved to meet the demands of various conflicts. The goals of UN reconciliation came to light at a time when the Cold War often paralyzed the work of the Security Council, and was limited primarily to providing substantive support to efforts to Not to go back to fight and conflict. We note that during the Cold War phase, reconciliation was intended for a specific type of international activity that includes the ability of the parties to fight or conflict to accept reconciliation with the consent of the concerned parties, through specific non-judicial mechanisms that may be through compensation or satisfaction. They are neutral mechanisms and do not depend on judicial mechanisms such as criminal cases. The international investigation committees, and others, were initially identified with two types: monetary compensation and satisfaction or an official apology..


Received April 20, 2017 Revised June 23, 2017 Accepted August 11, 2017 Address for correspondence Jin Hee Cho, MD, PhD Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea Tel +82-2-3779-2048 Fax +82-2-786-1149 E-mail email@example.com Background and ObjectivesZZSpecific IgE assays are important in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). Among the diagnostic tests of AR, multiple allergen simultaneous test (MAST) and ImmunoCAP have been frequently used as simple, safe, and economical methods. In this study, we compared the diagnostic outcomes of MAST and ImmunoCAP in patients with AR. Subjects and MethodZZSeventy-eight patients (52 men, 26 women, mean age 34.5 years: range 6-80 years), who have nasal symptoms of allergy and no clinical factors to influence the test results, underwent routine skin prick test (SPT) and MAST, and ImmunoCAP for eight major allergens. The diagnosis of AR was based on the criteria of SPT. The class 1 responses or more were regarded as positive for both MAST and ImmunoCAP. The agreements, sensitivities, and specificities of MAST and ImmunoCAP were evaluated along with the correlation between the two tests. ResultsZZTotal agreement rates of MAST and ImmunoCAP amounted to 91.5 and 92.1%, respectively. The overall sensitivity and specificity of MAST were 73.4 and 95.3%, respectively, and those of ImmunoCAP were 81.4 and 94.5%, respectively. The correlations between MAST and ImmunoCAP showed statistical significance for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/Dermatophagoides farinae. ConclusionZZOur study demonstrated the diagnostic usefulness of both MAST and ImmunoCAP in AR, especially for the most prevalent allergens of house dust mites. Moreover, ImmunoCAP, which showed higher sensitivity than MAST, can be effectively used in rhinology clinics. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(1):29-34


This report presents the result of the investigation related to estimation of the lateral-directional aerodynamic derivative of the highly augmented, advanced fighter aircraft from the flight like response time. Different types of pilot input are used to generate aircraft response data in the engineer in loop flight simulator(ELS)to determine which input excitation might provide the most accurate estimate of aircraft stability and control derivatives. Also MATLAB/SIMULINK based simulation platform is used to generate aircraft response with single surface excitation to evaluate the usefulness of the method for the stability and control derivatives estimation. The maximum likelihood estimation based on output error minimization technique is used to estimate the derivatives from the aircraft response data. The result indicate that accuracy of the estimated derivatives improve the persistence excitation and single surface excitation.


Traditional plant‐based remedies such as Gymnema sylvestre (GS) extracts have been used to treat diabetes mellitus for many centuries. We have shown previously that a novel GS extract, OSA®, has a direct effect on insulin secretion but its mode of action has not been studied in detail Thus this study investigated the possible underlying mechanism(s) by which OSA® exerts its action.


A few times the most talked-about and bereft of French cinema Eric Rohmer turned to the period dramas. Now, with the exhibition of The English and the Duke (L'anglaise et le duc, 2001), today's viewer can find Rohmer's very private calligraphy to reconstitute the past; It should also be welcomed that it is one of the achievements of the filmmaker that pity for less time to reach the view of the Brazilian public (two years late for the Rohmer films to arrive here is something whimsical).


A sensing technique for refractive index based on the plasmon surface wave excitation on a metal grating is presented. The excitation is at its maximum and the reflection efficiency takes a minimum when the incident angle agrees with the resonance angle. Because the angle is a sensitive function of the index of the material put on the grating surface, we can find the index by measuring the resonance angle. Theoretical consideration including computer simulation finds that the index sensor can achieve 7-digit resolution based on efficiency-alone interrogation. In the present study we would like to examine the influence of noise possibly included in the experimental data. We first introduce a method of index determination proposed by Gong and others, where the authors employed a curve-fitting technique to get an accurate efficiency curve near the resonance angle and found detailed position of the resonance angle. Then, we apply their method to a sample data obtained by adding a set of Gaussian noise to a computational result and found the resonance angles in two cases: with and without the artificial noise. Provided the noise is sufficiently small, the curve-fitting works well in finding the resonance angle.


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of piperine, a major pungent constituent of the black and red peppers and ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of domperidone. Animals received a single dose of domperidone(20mg/kg, p.o.) alone or together with piperine (60mg/kg, p.o.) or ketoconazole(50 mg/kg, p.o.) daily for 5 days. Plasma samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0 and 12h after drug administration. The concentrations of domperidone in the plasma were measured using an HPLC method. The concomitant administration of piperine or ketoconazole with domperidone resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in the maximum plasma concentration(Cmax), the mean area under the plasma concentration‐ time curve(AUC), and the elimination half‐life(t1/2) of domperidone as compared to those obtained for domperidone alone. These results suggest that an important pharmacokinetic interaction may occur if piperine or ketoconazole are administered concurrently with domperidone.


The paper describes an initial attempt to use Levin's verb classes for the task of preposition sense selection in English to Indian language machine translation. Two language pairs have been selected to describe the approach, English-Hindi and English-Telugu. We exploit the correspondence of verb class's semantics vis-à-vis some prepositions it takes. Results obtained from the experiments show very high performance with an overall average accuracy of 93.6% for English-Telugu language pair. When combined with previous approach, the performance increased by 6.2%.


A pair of sediment traps, each with an opening of 1.5 m/sup 2/, were deployed at 5367m in 5581m of water at 31/sup 0/ 34'N, 55/sup 0/ 03'W in the Sargasso Sea. The traps were located within the bottom nepheloid layer, which, at this site, extends from about 4900m to the bottom. The two traps collected different amounts of material, one collecting 3.45g, and the other 6.90g. The difference is probably attributable to mooring and shadow effects, and may be a general problem for this class of experiment. In a collection time of 75 days, the mean total particulate flux is estimated to be 1.68 +- 0.79 mg cm/sup -2/y/sup -1/. Samples from each trap have been analyzed for the elements Si, Al, Ca, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Ba, Sr, Ti, V, I, Sc, La, Cr, Sb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni and Co by a combinationof instrumental neutron activation and atomic absorption techniques. Several radioisotopes, including /sup 234/Th, /sup 228/Th, /sup 230/Th, /sup 232/Th, /sup 210/Po, /sup 210/Pb, /sup 227/Th, /sup 238/U, and /sup 226/Ra, have been determined by ..cap alpha.. and ..beta.. spectrometry. The trapped material consists of about 50% clay, 20% calcium carbonate, 20% silica and 5% organicmore » matter. In interpreting these data, we have paid particular attention to the following problems: separation of the primary flux from the re-suspended sediment contribution, estimation of the trap efficiency for different size classes of particles, estimation of particle settling velocities and assessment of adsorption onto particles during transit through the water column. These problems are common to most sediment trap experiments.« less


Of 128 cases of malignant lymphomas studied in Singapore between 1986 and 1988, 28 were identified as peripheral T‐cell lymphomas. Sera from two of the 128 cases were positive for HTLV‐1 antibodies and both cases had the clinical and pathological features of adult T‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma. The pathological and clinical features of the 28 cases of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma are presented in detail. Survival data indicated no significant difference between the low grade and high grade histological types. Three of the patients had previous or concomitant malignancies. The percentage of T‐cell lymphomas associated with HTLV‐1 infection in Singapore is low compared to those areas in which HTLV‐1 is endemic.


The performance of four streak tubes in six streak camera configurations is reported. Evaluations were made as part of a search for a streak tube to replace the obsolete RCA C73435 used in the ICF Program's optical streak cameras. Characteristics measured include linearity, spatial and temporal resolution, line-spread function, contrast transfer ratio (CTR), and dynamic range. Tubes evaluated are the RCA C73435, Photonis P510, Photek ST-Y, and Hamamatsu N8059. The RCA C73435 was evaluated in three camera configurations: large format CCD coupled directly to the streak tube, CCD directly coupled to an image intensifier tube (IIT), and the original configuration with a smaller CCD lens coupled to the IIT output. The Photonis and Photek tubes were characterized in configurations where they were directly coupled to large format CCDs. Optimum spatial resolution is achieved when the IIT is removed. Maximum dynamic range requires a configuration where a single photoelectron from the photocathode produces a signal that is {approx}5 times the CCD read noise. The Photonis P510 tube with the E2V CCD forms a well-optimized streak camera system.


Ozone (O3), an allotrope of the Oxygen (O2), is normally present in atmosphere and it preserves us from solar ultraviolet rays. It was used for first time like antiseptic during First World War. In '30 years Payr 82 extends its use to other diseases too. The same period it ascends the use of ozone for drinking in important citis, like Zurich, Marseilles, Singapore, Florence, Moscow, Konstanz. It has been shown ozone has an immunostimulatory effect at low concentration (20-35 μg/ml), while it is immunosoppressive if it is used at high concentration (45-65 μg/ml) 60. In 2002 Marx and Bardi 14 have demonstrated like in nature IgG execised a bactericidal action releasing  O3.


Acknowledgments Preface Abbreviations 1. Introduction: John Wesley and the Rhetorical and Literacy Practices of Early Methodism 2. John Wesley's Literacy Genealogy: Parental Patterns and Practices 3. Writing to Believe: Diaries and Journals as Spiritual Literacy 4. Speaking to Believe: Literacy and Rhetorical Practices of Traveling Preachers 5. Walking in Light, Walking in Darkness: Methodist Women's Changing Rhetorical Space 6. The Mystic and the Methodists: Account of the Experience of Hester Ann Rogers 7. Reading to Believe: John Wesley's Book Inventory (1791) 8. Climbing Boys and Spinning Girls: School on Sunday for Laboring Children Conclusion: The Witness of Their Own Spirits Appendix A: Samuel Bradburn's Rules for Preaching Appendix B: John Wesley's Book Inventory Compiled at the Time of His Death (1791) Notes Bibliography Index


Although computer literacy is hard to define and means different things to different people, the advancement of information and communication technologies and the ubiquitous computing environment have made it a necessity for everyone to be computer literate. Computer literacy is a fundamental part of undergraduate education. The assessment of computer literacy remains to be a challenging issue faced by educators. This study focuses on a comparison of two computer literacy testing approaches. Two testing tools, the Computer Skills Placement (CSP) test and the Prentice Hall Train & Assess IT (TAIT) testing tool, were selected and investigated. A qualitative comparison of two testing tools was made. The differences in basic computer skills or sets of knowledgebase covered were discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each testing tools were examined. As a case study, a quantitative comparison of two testing tools was done using data collected from a freshman-level computer literacy course in fall 2006 semester. In this freshman-level computer literacy course required for all majors at an urban university, students were tested on their computer literacy knowledgebase and computer skills at the end of the semester utilizing the two testing tools. Our study analyzed the performance of 132 students in this course. Correlations between the scores from the two testing instruments were analyzed. A paired sample t test was conducted to compare the students' performance among the examination scores. For the colleges that plan to use Computer Skills Placement (CSP) test or Prentice Hall Train & Assess IT (TAIT) test as a testing tool for credit-by-exam, we made some recommendations on setting the cut scores. Limitations of this study were discussed and future works and directions were included.


This research is meant to find out the effects of working capital, cash turnover, and cash flow on the current ratio of manufacture companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2013-2016 periods both simultaneous and partial and to find out which one of these independent variables that significant effects to the current ratio of manufacture companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Research data tested with testing classical assumptions and use multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the variable working capital has positive and significant effects, cash turnover and cash flow have negative and significant effects on the current ratio in manufacturing companies which are listed in the Indonesian capital market in the 2013-2016 periods.


Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) and the expression of CD117,CD34,SMA,S-100.Methods The clinicopathologic features were studied,and the expression of CD117,CD34,SMA,S-100 and Vimentin were detected with immunohistochemical SP staining in 84 cases of GIST.Results The rate of the lowest risk tumor was 21.4%,and the low risk tumor was 31.0%.The rate of the midrange risk tumor and high risk tumor were 17.9% and 29.8% respectively.The positive rates of CD117 and CD34 were 94% and 86.9%,the positive rates of SMA and S-100 were 13.1% and 7.14%.Conclusion The gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs) in stomach is always the lowest risk tumor and the low risk tumor.The GISTs in small intestine and large intestine are always the midrange risk tumor and the high risk tumor.The expression of CD117,CD34 and Vimentin are difffused.The combination of CD117 and CD34 immunohistochemical staining is necessary for the diagnosis of GIST.However,the immunophenotype is not a predictor for the degree of malignancy.


Motivation: To explore the functional communication and regulation of neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) network and its relationship with autoimmunity diseases via automatic literature mining (LM). Results: We applied subject oriented literature mining (SOLM) to NEI literature and more than 14,000 PubMed abstracts for NEI are indexed automatically. Relating protein, gene, or small molecules (PGSM) interactions are extracted to model NEI network, which is a holistic view of current dicoveries in this field and hopefully contain implications for future research. The characteristics of both the entire network and four sub-networks of the different NEI basing pathologic changes, are evaluated and compared, and partly validated by our experimental results.


In recent decades, criminal justice systems are, at least partially, being reconstructed as they demonstrate an increased sensitivity to the needs and concerns of victims of crime. As part of this, a new cultural theme of the victim as 'Everyman' is emerging. However, these generalizing tendencies conceal the multiplicity of experiences of victimhood and of interactions with the criminal justice system. As a result, certain categories of victim are rendered invisible and unable to share in the benefits of this more inclusive approach. One such category is victims with disabilities, and in particular those with intellectual or psychosocial disabilities. The purpose of this article is to write victims with disabilities in Ireland into the victim story more generally. Against a background of greater recognition of victims in Irish law and policy, it demonstrates the variety of ways in which victims with disabilities do not fit more orthodox, 'everyman', conceptions of victimization. It identifies the range of ways in which the outsider status of victims of crime with disabilities continues to be maintained in criminal justice policy, the adversarial process, the language employed by the criminal law, and service provision and identifies ways in which the failure to address the marginalization of victims with disabilities is a breach of international human rights obligations.


This paper formulates a general equilibrium market economy where consumers are « perfect competitors » but producers take advantage of their ability to influence prices. It is shown that in such a model it is not reasonable for producers to attempt to maximize profits. Conditions are presented under which there exists a solution for such an economy which is Pareto-efficient for the owners of the firms. Finally, it is shown that a pecuniary externality makes the core a very weak solution concept to use in analysing rivalry among producers.


Shifting from one language of interpretation to another (i.e. from language a and language x to language a and language y) is not an unknown phenomenon in mediated interactions between bi- or multi-lingual clients and multilingual interpreters. Typically, this occurs when clients wish to shift to their dominant language and interpreters also have proficiency (and accreditation) in this language. Twenty Australian-based interpreters (out of a sample of sixty) reported engaging in shifting in the course of interpreting. Language combinations and circumstances motivating clients to shift are presented and systematised to show that the two largest groups of potential shifters are clients who wish to revert to their (chronologically) first acquired language and those who shift from a 'national' or 'majority-group' language to a 'minority' or 'regional' one spoken in their country of origin. Responses to hypothetical shifts in the language of interpretation are discussed in which interpreter informants provide acceptability judgements of courses of action and justifications for accepting — or refusing to accept — a shift in the language of interpretation.


Materials deployed on long-duration space missions such as the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and the proposed International Space Station (ISS) are subject to high ultraviolet (UV) radiation fluences. Some UV radiation present in space has photon energy high enough to dissociate organic polymer molecular bonds. Induced chemical structure modifications can cause changes in optical, structural, and thermal properties. The present work investigates UV radiation effects on DuPont Kapton® H polyimide, polyarylene ether benzimidazole (PAEBI), and DuPont Teflon® fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP). UV irradiated polymers were characterized with in situ and ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Ellipsometric data acquired on UV modified polymers were best modeled as an exponentially graded layer, as opposed to a single layer or linearly graded layer model. Because photon intensity decays exponentially as a function of depth into absorbing materials, an exponentially graded model should be the most physically realistic. Ellipsometric data provided information about changes in UV absorption spectra, depth of damage, and growth trends in the damaged layer.


Using the US-Japan alliance as its institutional setting and the political conflict over the relocation of Marines Air Base Futenma from Ginowan City to Nago, Okinawa as its case study, this research seeks to examine how alliances are discursively reproduced by analysing – through interviews, public speeches, and government publications – how they are publicly framed and deliberated not only by 'elite' actors (e.g. those in the US and Japanese governments) who seek to maintain the US-Japan alliance in its current form, but also by those within Okinawan local government and civil society who contest the alliance's sustainability.

This research sits in contrast to the prevailing arguments in the existing literature on alliance persistence, which tend to have a top-down focus and privilege the cooperative discourses of elite actors with direct access to the inner-workings of the alliance over the lived experience of 'everyday' actors excluded from the central policymaking process. Furthermore, these arguments tend to ignore the possibility of internal divisions amongst these 'elite' and 'everyday' actors, representing any debates within an alliance as taking place between the central governments of the member states rather than exploring the many divergences of opinion that exist within their central political parties, military bureaucracies, civil societies, and other groups concerned.

By identifying a wide variety in the sites of discourse production both inside and outside of this institutionalised alliance, this research helps to bridge the disconnect between top-down and bottom-up analyses of alliance persistence, illustrate the processes by which discourses from seemingly irreconcilable sources may actually interact, influence, and shape each other in the realm of security policymaking, and broaden the conversation from one focused on 'persistence' to include an understanding of how an alliance is actively reproduced through discourse.


The adsorption characteristics of 3A molecular sieve and its impacts on the quality of insulating glass had been studied.The service life of the insulating glass was predicted based on the effective adsorption capacity of 3A molecular sieve,the structure and sealants of the insulating glass.The results showed that 3A molecular sieve can provide most reliable guarantee for the long life expectancy and excellent performance of the insulated glass compared with other types of desiccants.


Abstract Early access to stock recommendations provides brokerage firm clients with incremental investment value. After controlling for transaction costs, purchasing (selling) quickly following upgrades (downgrades) results in average two-day returns of 1.02% (1.50%). Short-term profit opportunities persist for two hours following the pre-market release of new recommendations. The results are robust within sub-periods and a calendar-based strategy produces positive abnormal daily returns of over 10 basis points, or roughly 30% annualized. Recommending firms' market makers shift their quotes accordingly, providing indirect evidence that clients make use of the informational advantage that arises from analysts' opinion changes.


by using the method of documentary,questionnaire investigation method,statistical method,interview method,to the three Yichuan County high school240college entrance examination PE students as investigation object,according to the preparation of physical education entrance examinations before participating in exercise training appears injury characteristics and rules,analysis of the sports injury causes,summarized sports injury the reason,and proposed effective preventive measures,designed to reduce the physical education students in sports injury in Yichuan County,after the university entrance examination of sports students' physical training many suggestions.


Experimental data are presented from an eight-month long independent study of a thermal envelope house located in Canton, Georgia. The experimental data cover both the heating and cooling performance of the house. Sufficient data and analysis are presented to answer many of the questions being raised concerning the performance of this design. Theories are provided on the effectiveness of the system and the mechanisms of its operation. Also provided is a discussion of data-based conclusions concerning optimization of thermal envelope house design. As would be expected, the data suggest that there is no single satisfactory thermal envelope design but a number of satisfactory designs, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.


The analysis of the expression of markers of apoptosis and proliferation in 80 patients with ulcerative colitis has been carried out. The reference group consisted of 15 practically healthy people. In biopsy materials of the colonic mucosa the expression of immunohistochemical markers Ki-67 and p53 was determined. The reduction of the proliferative activity of epithelial cells of the colon and increase in the activation of apoptosis with the growing severity of ulcerative colitis, the increase of the colon lesion range and the disease endoscopic activity has been revealed.


This paper reviewed the origination of the wastewater, the status quo and advances of wastewater treatment technology.Alkaline recovery,acid/alkaline neutralization,membrane separation,coagulation/flocculation, biological treatment,microfiltration and air floatation methods was introduced.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and satisfaction of pillow. The subjects for this study were 500adults that...


Natural languages withfree wordorder contain sentences withpartial constituent ordering. Urduisanexample offree word order language. Computational treatment ofUrdusentence requires asuitable formalism that should becapable enough to represent thesyntax andexpressive enough todescribe thefree wordorder. Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG)doesnotonly represent thesyntax butalso haveexpressive powerofdescribing free constituent ordering ofasentence. LFGhandles syntax representation withfree wordorder ofUrdusentence inaquite reasonable way.Inthis paper LFGrepresentation ofdifferent Urdulanguage sentences withpartial wordorder isdiscussed withexamples inLFGGrammar Writer's Workbench (GWB)for Linux.


Study Design. Retrospective cohort study. Objective. To compare short-term morbidity for primary and revision posterior lumbar fusions. Summary of Background Data. Revision lumbar fusions are unfortunately relatively common. Previous studies have described an increased risk of postoperative complications after revision lumbar fusion; however, these studies have been limited by small sample sizes, poor data quality, and/or narrow outcome measures. There is a need to validate these findings using a high-quality, national cohort of patients to have an accurate assessment of the relative risk of revision posterior lumbar fusions compared with primary lumbar fusion. Methods. The prospectively-collected American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients that underwent undergoing primary and revision posterior lumbar fusion from 2005 to 2013. The occurrence of individual and aggregated postoperative complications within 30 days, along with rates of blood transfusion and readmission, were compared between primary and revision procedures using bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression with robust error variance to control for patient and operative characteristics. Operative time and postoperative length of stay were compared between groups using bivariate and multivariate linear regression. Results. Of the 14,873 posterior lumbar fusion procedures that met inclusion criteria, 1287 (8.7%) were revision cases. There were no differences in the rates of 30-day postoperative complications or readmission between primary and revision posterior lumbar fusion using multivariate analysis to control for patient and operative characteristics. Similarly, no significant differences were found for operative time or postoperative length of stay. There was an increased rate of blood transfusion for revision surgery compared with primary surgery (relative risk 1.4, P < 0.001). Conclusion. This study suggests that revision posterior lumbar fusion does not carry significantly increased risk of complications or readmission compared with a primary posterior lumbar fusion. Patients undergoing revision surgery were more likely to receive a blood transfusion. This information suggests that general health risk stratification for revision procedures can be similar to that considered for primary cases. Level of Evidence: 3


Large temperature drift is an important factor for improving the performance of FOG.A trend term of temperature drift of FOG is obtained using stationary wavelets transform,and an FOG drift algorithm with least squares wavelet support vector machine(LS-WSVM) is developed.The algorithm used Maxihat wavelet as a kernel function of LS-WSVM to establish an FOG drift model.It has better modeling precise than LS-WSVM model with Gauss kernel.Results indicate the efficiency of this algorithm of LS-WSVM.


The ELISA technique was used to evaluate and compare young ovine humoral immune response during crotalic antiserum production. Animals were clinically evaluated throughout this process, and the neutralizing capacity of antisera raised against natural (NV) and Cobalt-60 irradiated (IrV) venoms of Crotalus durissus terrificus (C.d.t.) was verified by means of in vitro challenges. Three groups of six animals each were used: G1 received NV; G2 was inoculated with IrV; and G3 was used as control. Animals received six immunizations during 84 days at 14-day intervals. ELISA of antibody profile showed significant difference (p<5%) between experimental groups (G1<G2). These results justify the use of gamma radiation to detoxify Crotalus durissus terrificus venom like alternative to antiserum production. The neutralizing capacity of antiserum raised against IrV was fivefold higher than that of antiserum raised against NV. Results showed a new possibility of using ovines to produce commercial crotalic antiserum, which may be employed in the treatment of human and animal envenomation. Production cost might be reduced by the subsequent utilization of hyperimmunized ovines as food.


(54) RUNTIME MODELINGAPPROACH TO (52) U.S. Cl. UPDATING REFINERY PLANNING MODELS CPC .......... G05B 13/041 (2013.01); G06F 17/5009 (2013.01); G06N3/08 (2013.01) (71) Applicant: Aspen Technology, Inc., Burlington, MA (US) (57) ABSTRACT A method, apparatus, and computer program product for (72) Inventors: Ravi Nandigam, Woburn, MA (US); increasing efficiency in a plant by creating a planning model Ajay Modi, Newton, MA (US); Marcelo for said plant comprising a plurality of runtime models stored Marchetti, Cambridge, MA (US); Willie in a database. Each runtime model corresponds to a reactor in Chan, Framingham, MA (US) the plant and mimics real world behavior of the reactor by identifying the mathematical relationships of the inputs and (21) Appl. No.: 14/551.334 outputs of the reactor. Each runtime model further comprises a set of tuning factors, which allows the user to adjust the (22) Filed: Nov. 24, 2014 runtime model to more closely align with the user's desired output or otherwise account for real-life plant activity. By Publication Classification properly creating and utilizing a plurality of runtime models and implementing them into a planning model, a user can (51) Int. Cl. increase efficiency of the plant by optimizing product output, G05B I3/04 (2006.01) forcing the plant to balance materials-in and materials-out, or G06N, 3/08 (2006.01) forcing the plant to stoichiometrically balance elements G06F 17/50 (2006.01) going in, and coming out of the plant or reactor.


This paper considers a novel approach for supporting parallel accesses to a data cache. We explore the possibility of explicitly managing cache accesses using a static compile-time analysis. First we perform a limit study on dynamic instruction traces to discover an upper bound on the amount of memory parallelism that is exploitable at compile time. Then we introduce compiler controlled split caches, or cc-split caches, and discuss our initial implementation. Our results suggest this architecture has potential, but we question whether moving complexity from the hardware to software is a profitable trade-off in this case.


After oxidation promoted by gamma‐ray irradiation, in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Sm doped porous silicon (PS), there are three sharp peaks, superimposed on a broad band, with wavelengths near to those of the Sm doped SiO2 [R. Morimo, T. Mizushima, and H. Okumura, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 2340 (1990)]. The experimental results indicate that Sm‐related luminescence centers can be created within the oxide of porous silicon, and only in porous silicon with high porosity can the Sm‐related luminescence be found in the SiO2 layer. This experimental result can be explained by the fact that the excitation of electron‐hole pairs occurs in nanoscale silicon, and the recombination occurs at the Sm‐related luminescence centers in SiO2 layers covering nanoscale silicon.


This article focuses on two issues in education. One is the very general problem of how to get teachers in volved in the process of evaluating and changing their methods of instruction. The other issue deals with a specific problem in teaching content material at the elementary level. Our experience has shown that when teachers are involved in action re search?studies of a new method in their own classrooms?they become open to varied alternatives. Best of all, when they discuss their experiments with the children who participated, the students become aware of what was ac tually going on in their learning, of how they learn, and that there are mul tiple techniques for promoting their own learning. We have seen action research have this effect in our own school system in the past few years. It began with a study on ways of teaching content ma terial from textbooks. The specific method we were concerned about was the practice of teaching content mate rial through round robin oral reading with interspersed discussion.


With the advancements in technology and the recent trends in how audit teams communicate, audit firms increasingly develop and rely on computer-mediated communications and online platforms in the conduct of audits. We examine the effects of two different electronic interacting brainstorming platforms, structured (idea inputs organized into trees and shown by categories/ topics) and non-structured (idea inputs in chronological sequence), on audit team brainstorming performance. While the psychology literature suggests potential benefits from the structured brainstorming platforms, we find that, in a fraud hypothesis generation task, a structured brainstorming platform does not improve audit team fraud brainstorming performance (either quantity or quality of fraud hypotheses generated). Further, we find that a structured brainstorming platform reduces the differences in brainstorming performance and mental simulations between managers and seniors. This is because a structured brainstorming platform reduces managers' performance, although it has no negative effects on seniors' performance.


With the popularization of the natural gas,gas explosion breaked out occasionally at home and abroad,causing casualties and property loss.Referring to the datas collected from the internet and in cites,some typical explosions in china have been listed in this paper.Concerning with the explosion cases and relevant documents,we point out some characteristics of structural failures caused by gas explosion and corresponding countermeasure and especially put forward some advice on masonry structural column and perimeter beam,hoping to form a weak framework system playing as the second line of defense of the masonry structure to prevent progressive collapse.


The aim of this study is to extend understandings of the impact of surgically diagnosed endometriosis on women's social lives, work and education.


Earlier research has led to a "grammar of Dutch intonation," i.e., a set of rules for generating a suitable pitch contour for any to be synthesized Dutch sentence. However, before these rules can be applied the location of the pitch accents and prosodic boundaries must be specified. As a first step towards accent location rules, the accentuation behavior of Dutch speakers was examined as they read aloud sentences occurring in simulated radio news bulletins. The major independent variables were syntactic form and whether or not a particular referent had been mentioned in the preceding sentence. In all 1296 utterances were transcribed for pitch accents in terms of the grammar of Dutch intonation. The results show that pitch accents occur on a high percentage of the content words. Probability of accentuation is related to word class, lexical meaning, syntactic position, and, to a minor extent, to previous mention of the same referent. [Work supported by the Netherlands Organisation for the Advancement of Pur...


[Authors are asked to send offprints of articles in learned journals on subjects relevant to this section. Offprints of articles in other publications will not normally be reported on here, likewise offprints of articles in books since they may constitute part of a volume that can be made the subject matter of a review.]


EDITOR—Properly conducted trials must inform those who produce guidelines on managing clinical conditions. Birtwhistle et al have contributed to this knowledge base for hypertension in …


Dear Sir, Epithelioid glioblastoma (Ep-GBM) has recently been recognized as a distinct variant of glioblastoma (GBM), which is included in the 2016 revised World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors.[1] Together with giant cell glioblastoma and gliosarcoma, it is kept under the broad category of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Ep-GBM is characterized by large cells with eccentric nuclei, vesicular chromatin, prominent nucleoli and abundant amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. In addition, they may also show glandular, ductular and squamoid pattern expressing both GFAP and epithelial markers (cytokeratins) thus closely mimicking with the metastatic carcinomas.[2] Hence, they should be carefully distinguished from metastatic carcinomas of unknown primaries. In contrast to typical GBM, they possess a higher predilection for children and younger adults, and usually present as superficial cerebral mass. Epithelioid GBMs frequently shows BRAF-V600E mutation.[3] Rhabdoid glioblastoma is a close histological mimicker of Ep-GBM, however it is differentiated by the loss of expression of INI-1.[4]


This paper discusses a criterion judging whether a walking plan will be completely done or not, considering dynamics. A conventional"Zero Moment Point"is a useful criterion, but it is available for only a walk on a flat even terrain, and not available for that on a general rough terrain. So, we propose a new criterion named"Tumble Stability, "in which considering a direction that a machine would be tumbling, if all the contact points except two were disappeared. The tumbling motion will be protected in practice, if some imaginarily disappeared contact points can produce a supporting force to avoid tumbling. In a case that no contact points can produce a force against tumbling, the machine will tumble indeed. By using this criterion, we can judge a plan of walking on any terrain, including walls and ceilings. We also propose a value indicating a stability named"Tumble Stability Margin, "which equals to the conventional"Stability margin"in case of walking on a flat even terrain, and is useful for any other general terrain.


Numerous technical modifications in performing pulmonary arteriography from the femoral approach have been described. Undoubtedly, the safest type of catheter is a pigtail. However, angiographers differ as to what type of curve to put on the pigtail catheter and what type of guide wires to use [1 -4]. Most angiographens have a standard procedure which is usually successful in catheterizing the main pulmonary artery. In difficult cases, however, it is helpful to know alternative methods that might be more successful for a given patient.


Lake Kislo-Sladkoe is a stratified water body partly isolated from the White Sea. Perennial meromixis in the lake irregularly alternates with mixing events. Taking into account that the protists of Arctic coastal stratified water bodies are understudied, we evaluated for the first time the vertical structure, species richness, and diversity of protists assigned to different taxonomic groups in Lake Kislo-Sladkoe using light, luminescent, and scanning electron microscopy. To test the research hypothesis that a mixing event affects the vertical stratification and species composition of protists in a stratified lake, we compared the protist communities of Lake Kislo-Sladkoe in two extremely different states: strong meromixis vs. full vertical mixing. A total of 97 morphologically distinct phototrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic protists were revealed with the most diverse supertaxa SAR (59), Obazoa (9), and Excavates (14). The hidden diversity of protists (43 species) was a bit less than the active diversity (54 species). A taxonomic list and micrographs of cells for the observed protists are provided. The majority of species revealed are cosmopolitan or widespread in the northern sea waters. The vertical patterns of protist communities were absolutely different in 2018 and 2021. In July 2018, clearly distinct protist communities inhabited different layers of the lake. Bloom of cryptophyte Rhodomonas cf. baltica was detected in chemocline, whereas the maximum density of its grazers was observed in adjacent layers, mainly dinoflagellates Gymnodinium sp. and Scrippsiella trochoidea, as well as a ciliate Prorodon sp. In 2021 due to the recent mixing of lake and seawater, there were no distinct communities in the water column except the superficial 0–1 m layer of fresh water.