Abstract The quality of starch gel could be enhanced by sugar and hydrocolloid. Sucrose (0, 10 % and 20 %) and xanthan gum (Xan) (0.3125 %) were added in the tapioca starch (TS) gels (25 %w/w TS and TS/Xan gels) for quality investigation. Sucrose increased gelatinization temperatures of starch mixtures. Moisture content and water activity decreased with increasing sucrose content and Xan addition. Freeze–thaw stability of TS and TS/Xan gels with and without sucrose was evaluated. Sucrose and Xan decreased water separation from repeated freeze–thaw cycles. A regression model for predicting water separation from Xan, sucrose and selected freeze–thaw cycle was developed and showed a good predictability. After keeping the TS and TS/Xan gels at 5 °C for 7 and 14 days, the hardness of TS and TS/Xan gels increased with increasing sucrose content but was retarded by adding Xan (p<0.05), suggesting Xan impeded the structure formation contributed from amylose molecule association during cold storage.


A regional snowstorm occurred over northern slope of the central Tianshan Mountains on March 16,2011. The climatic background,circulation situation and physical diagnostic analysis of this snowstorm were conducted using the NCEP data,Micaps data and observed data on northern slope of the central Tianshan Mountains during the period from 1981 to 2010. The results showed that the 500 hPa circulation situation of the snowstorm happened was the convergence pattern of north and south frontal zones. When the snowstorm occurred,there was the sufficient water vapor supply and strong water vapor convergence,which was validated by the water vapor flux and divergence of water vapor flux field. The cold and warm cloud clusters joined up over the central Tianshan Mountains,which could be seen clearly from the infrared cloud image. The southwesterly warm-humid air along the Arabia Sea and the Bay of Bengal formed water vapor transport belt that provided plentiful water vapor for the snowstorm. Physical diagnosis revealed that both convergence area of ageostrophic wet Q-vector from 600 hPa to 400 hPa and the strongest frontogenesis were accorded with snowfall area. This finding may be of very importance in predicting snowfall intensity. The unstable stratification was intensified by the advection of positive differential pseudo-equivalent potential temperature. Thermal forcing also enhanced the development of ascending motion and was favorable for the intensification of heavy snowfall.


Electron capture gas chromatography was used to determine plasma concentrations after various doses of acetazolamide. In 40 patients steady state plasma concentrations were determined for daily doses of 187.5, 375, 750, and 1000 mg. Mean plasma concentrations increased with increasing dosages but there were marked interindividual variations. Part of the interindividual variation was explained by a positive correlation between age and plasma concentration. In 10 patients with previously untreated glaucoma intraocular pressure (IOP) responses and plasma concentrations were determined for increasing doses of acetazolamide. Increasing IOP reductions were obtained up to a dose of 750 mg while a daily dose of 1000 mg acetazolamide had no further effect on IOP. The relationship between IOP reduction and plasma concentration showed great interindividual variations, from a pressure reduction of 11 mmHg at 6 μg/ml acetazolamide to a pressure reduction of 0 mmHg at 11 μg/ml. As a rule, the maximal effect on IOP was obtained at a plasma concentration between 5 and 10 μg/ml. In most patients a daily dose of 1000 mg resulted in plasma concentrations above 10 μg/ml.


The work aims to study the effect of chitosan on microstructure and corrosion resistance of aspartic acid-Ti-Zr-based conversion coating on aluminum alloy surface. Aspartic Acid-Ti-Zr-based conversion coating with different contents of chitosan was prepared on the surface of the 5083 marine aluminum alloys. The microstructure and composition of the conversion coating were analyzed by SEM, EDS, FT-IR and XPS. Open-circuit potential-time curves and polarization curves of conversion coatings with different contents of chitosan were analyzed by electrochemical work station. The aspartic acid-zirconium-titanium conversion coatings with different contents of chitosan were successfully prepared. The crack of conversion coating was reduced after the addition of chitosan. There were strong hydrogen bonds in the infrared spectrum results, and characteristic peaks corresponding to aspartic acid and chitosan appeared. XPS results showed that Zr in the conversion coating existed as an organic complex of ZrO2 and Zr. Ti in the conversion coating existed in the form of TiO2, and the structure of aspartic acid and the peak position of chitosan existed. The corrosion current density was reduced from 3.966×10 A/cm to ·190· 表 面 技 术 2018 年 11 月 3.274×10 A/cm. The corrosion resistance was significantly improved. Chitosan can be added to conventional Aspartic Acid-Ti-Zr-based conversion coating to form a complex conversion coating. The appropriate addition of chitosan can improve the cracking and corrosion resistance of the Zr-Ti-based conversion coating. When the amount of chitosan is 15 mL/L, the crack of the conversion coating is the least, and the corrosion resistance of the conversion coating is optimal.


Flexible manufacturing system, the word is simple to understand but indeed difficult to achieve. Many firms failed to achieve flexible manufacturing system, become history and firms who effectively achieved it, have pioneered themselves in manufacturing industry. The ultimate need to flexible manufacturing system arises from very basic rule of environment, nothing is permanent. The changing needs, choices, priorities and preferences of business or its stakeholder dynamic behaviour forces firms to be flexible enough to deliver what is required. A manufacturing company needs flexibility and system utilization for its high level of throughput. This review study emphasizes some of the major contributions to the flexible manufacturing system and recent development in the field. The study enfolds major components of flexible manufacturing system namely automatic guided vehicles (AGV), Scheduling, artificial neural network and simulation modeling.


Pulmonary metastasis is not uncommon in the follow-up of patients with primary malignancy, but the expectoration of metastatic tumor is extremely rare. Metastases from renal and breast malignities may rarely lead to tumor expectoration with less common colorectal carcinomas. In this case report, expectoration of a metastatic tumor in a patient who had diagnosed with colon adenocarcinoma and pulmonary metastasis was presented. We named this quite rare condition as "metastasoptysis".


This paper describes large-eddy simulations of decaying turbulence in an open channel, using different dynamic subgrade-scale models, viz. the dynamic model of Germano et al. [Phys. Fluids A 3, 1790 (1991)] (DSM), the dynamic mixed model in Zang et al. [Phys. Fluids A 5, 3186 (1993)] (DMM), and the dynamic two-parameter model of Salvetti and Banerjee [Phys. Fluids 7, 2831 (1995)] (DTM). These models are incorporated in a finite-volume solver of the Navier–Stokes equations. A direct numerical simulation of this flow conducted by Pan and Banerjee [Phys. Fluids 7, 1649 (1995)] showed that near the free surface turbulence has a quasi-two-dimensional behavior. Moreover, the quasi-two-dimensional region increases in thickness with the decay time, although the structure remains three-dimensional in the central regions of the flow. The results of the large-eddy simulations show that both the DMM and the DTM are able to reproduce the features of the decay process observed in the direct simulation and to handle the...


In this paper, orthogonal test was carried out to investigate the factors, such as pouring temperature, alloy powder size, flux content and binder content on process of surface alloying in evaporative pattern casting process. Constitutes of the coating were determined. The surface chromizing composites with cast iron HT200 were prepared. Microstructure and properties of the alloying layer were studied. The results showed that: a suitable coating for surface alloying consists of Cr Fe powder with a diameter of 0.127 to 0.181mm, phenolic resin 2wt%, the compound flux 7.5wt%, CMC 0.5wt%, water and some trace additives. The appropriate pouring temperature is about 1400 to 1500℃. The surface alloying layers consisted of three zones, and with the increase of the distance from the surface, the carbide was transformed from M 7C 3 to M 3C and the hardness of the alloying layers decrease gradually. Among the factors acting on the process of surface alloying, pouring temperature was the most prominent, alloy powder size secondary, binder content the third, and flux content the least; wear resistant properties of the alloying layer were high, and 2.8 times as higher as that of 45# steel, respectively.


Islamic economy is an economic system that stand on the principle of justice, where shared profits and welfare, not personal gain, are the main goal. In the Islamic economic system, the principles are: first, getting down to the economy is to meet basic needs in order to worship and to thank Allah SWT; second, setting the real sector in motion to get the currency in circulation so that no one would be able to accumulate wealth as much as they wish. The phenomenon of Islamic economic revival in the era of globalization plays a very important role in dealing with the global economic and financial crisis. The government as a regulator has an important to achieve the goals of Islamic economy. The goal is falah, which can be achieved through maslahah optimization. Therefore, with mandate from Allah SWT and the community, the government's role in general is to bring what is good for the whole community. There is a need to observe a number of driving factors behind the Islamic economy revival in the era of globalization. The first driving factor is the people's awareness. The ummah plays double roles as object and subjec of Islamic economy development. Second, human resources, in term of quantity and quality. Three qualifications of human resources are required to set the Islamic economy in motion. They are kafa'ah (expertise), himmah (work ethics) and amanah (trustworthy). Third, self-reliance of the ummah, that is, the need to change the mindset of Muslims in regard to Islam with sharia values. Fourth, the need for an institutionand support, complete and conducive system. Fifth, the role and government policy in the development of Islamic economic system, the support of People's House of Representatives [DPR] are immensely important. The government agencies and legislative institution cooperate with officials in working for the National Sharia Council / DSN-MUI. Keywords: Islamic economy, globalization, syaria bank, Indonesia, policy.


A method and system for facilitating one-to-many data transmissions with reduced network overhead includes conducting a round of data transmissions from a source computing device to a plurality of sink computing devices. Each of the sink computing devices generates a bucket list of lost data blocks for the round of data transmissions and transmits the bucket list to the source computing device. The source computing device conducts a subsequent round of data transmissions based on the bucket lists. One or more additional subsequent rounds may be conducted until the bucket list of each sink computing device is empty.


Abstract This work describes a simulation technique for nucleate boiling that considers mass transfer with interfacial temperature gradients and a sharp interface. Interpolation functions estimate the temperature at points located in a direction normal to the interface. A linear temperature profile at the interface interpolates the temperature of the interface-cells. An interface-cells segregation algorithm avoids the interface smearing. Simulations with water at 6.2 K wall superheat show good agreement with the available experimental data on bubble growth rate. Results reveal large heat transfer coefficients over a 200 μm region near the interface. Analysis of the wall shear stress indicates an influence region around the bubble base of two-times the departure bubble diameter.


We propose a novel heuristic method for optimizing planar pixel antennas which we refer to as successive exhaustive Boolean optimization (SEBO). The key step in SEBO is to cyclically optimize a multivariable binary optimization problem by exhaustively searching a subset of binary variables. An adaptive version of SEBO is also introduced. We provide both simulation and experimental results for optimized antennas covering single and dual bands for mobile phone applications. Comparisons with genetic algorithms, binary particle swarm optimization, and angle modulate differential evolution are also provided and these show that SEBO and adaptive SEBO have up to 50% less computational complexity and can satisfy the design objective more consistently. A major advantage of SEBO and adaptive SEBO is that only one parameter needs to be set up for the optimization, while for evolutionary optimization two or more parameters usually need to be set up.


Order 2 rotational design is useful.Here,a number of improvements on this method are considered.First,using a transformation for square term,an order 2 design that is both orthogonal and rotational is obtained.The calculation and statistical analysis on this design are simpler.Second,using a formula given in this paper,such an order 2 rotational design can be obtained,in which the variance of predictor is almost invariant.


We propose to perform amplitude modulation over DSP pilots commonly employed for carrier-phase estimation, utilizing the extra information rate to carry additional FEC overhead. For moderate pilot overheads of 3-6%, we demonstrate SNR gains in the range of 0.6-1.7dB.


The Maternity Services Liaison Support Scheme (MSLS) was organized in the Tower Hamlets to provide emotional and practical support for Bengali and Somali women seeking medical care during pregnancy and after delivery. The scheme was organized after a study of maternity services and ethnic minority experiences carried out between 1979 and 1981 disclosed that Bengali women in the area were often misunderstood and faced racist attitudes in the hospitals and the community and that husbands were jeopardizing their jobs by accompanying their wives to the hospital. 3 Bengali and 1 Somali woman with personal experience of childbirth in the area and a supervisor were appointed in October 1981 to carry out the scheme. Many of the Bengali and Somali women in Tower Hamlets live in poor housing and social conditions. Although local infant and perinatal mortality rates are declining they remain higher than those for England and Wales as a whole. The liaison team uses its own community networks to reach women who otherwise would not receive full services. The teams work focuses on accompanying mothers to the antenatal postnatal and child care clinics where they help provide information to the mothers. The team interprets but its primary task is to establish supportive and trusting relationships within which interpreting is only 1 part of the befriending process. Referrals from midwives obstetricians health visitors and social services are increasing as the value of the teams contribution is recognized. The management committee is seeking funding so that activities can continue after the initial year of funding by the Manpower Services Commission runs out.


This work has been written as a part of a master thesis of Robert Kwiatkowski. The main topics of this work were what are the main problems in turbine heat transfer and what is an accuracy of currently used engineering tools. As a result of this thesis we obtained temperature maps for various configurations of solver and boundary conditions.


Objective To study the effect of somatic cell co-culture system on the early bovine embryo development and comparison of two different co-culture systems.Methods Experiment 1:the somatic cells were of the same breed but different types(granule cell group and fibroblast group);experiment 2:the somatic cells were of the same type but different breeds(bovine granule cell group and mouse granule cell group);experiment 3:compare two co-culture system(M199+granule cell group and B2+Vero cells group).Results In experiment 1,granule cell group was similar to fibroblast group in cleavage rate but higher in blastocyst rate;in experiment 2,there was no difference between two groups in cleavage rate and blastocyst rate;in experiment 3,there was no difference between two groups in cleavage rate and blastocyst rate,but total cell number of blastocysts in B2+Vero cells group was higher than that of M199+granule cell group.Conclusion Somatic cell co-culture system may have an effect on the early embryo development some conditions,and the co-culture in "B2+Vero cells" is better than in "M199+granule cells" for bovine early embryo development.


This study aims to knowing influence using cocentration of coconut water in physiology of NaCl dilution to quality of spermatozoa of Puntius javanicus . This research was counducted at Meunasah Krueng Village, Beutong Subdistrict, Nagan Raya District from 18 th – 20 th May 2015 . The completely randomized design with 5 treatment and 3 replication was used for this study. Sample was saved in refrigerator ( 3 days) with temperature 4 o C and it is oberved sample quality and data was collected in daily. Result of the research show water coconut concentration (7%) or in treatment 4 th (P4) giving result for best quality of spermatozoa, where motility index average of spermatozoa is up to 80,55% , viability value of spermatozoa is up to 65,88%. In addtion, coconut water in in physiology of NaCl dilution have been affecting to spermatozoa quality of Puntius javanicus .


Comment on: Complex archaea that bridge the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. [Nature. 2015] Lokiarchaea are close relatives of Euryarchaeota, not bridging the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. [PLoS Genet. 2017]


America is a typical country under the rule of law. As a kind of tradition,the rule of law is immersed into American university governance: in formal meaning,there are many legal systems playing the role of normalization,coordination and restriction; in substantive meaning,it demonstrates the value,principle and spirit of 'right protection'and 'restricting power'. Currently,for the Chinese universities,the realization of governing by law is still far away to go,which needs further improving relative laws and regulations as well as putting the spirit of rule of law in practice truly.


TiO2 photocatalyst and copper-doped titania (Cu/TiO2) photocatalyst were prepared and both photocatalysts were used in the self-cleaning finishing of wall fabrics. XRD showed that the nanometer materials and textile wall fabrics were a good combination. By comparing the self-cleaning effects of two kinds of photocatalysts, the results demonstrate that textile wall fabrics finished with Cu2+-doped TiO2 photocatalyst have better self-cleaning effect under visible light.


Significance Early scientific investigations of the Neolithic Near East, such as the excavations of Ali Kosh and Chagha Sefid during the 1960s, were pioneering for their time. Modern, critical reexaminations of these (and other) sites have led to substantially different interpretations. New insights with respect to fauna, flora, and chronology have overturned widely held ideas about the emergence of food production. Chemically determining the geological origins of all lithic artifacts made from obsidian has hitherto been overlooked. The observed accelerating diversity in these obsidian assemblages indicates intensifying connections among Neolithic sites, highlighting intercommunity contacts as a mechanism for social change as populations grew during a demographic transition purported to have occurred within food-producing societies worldwide, from western Europe to Mesoamerica.


The scientific and association activity of G.V. Dobrovol'skiy is outlined against the backdrop of the development of soil science in the RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences) system.


On November 4,1984, Norman Geschwind suddenly and quite unreasonably died. He gave no warning of his demise. Indeed, friends and acquaintances who watched his superb performance in the television series "The Brain" (aired the following week) commented on how well he looked and spoke on the subject of cerebral laterality. He was struck down in the midst of the most creative period of his career. The threads of Norman Geschwind's development go back to a time and place that the two of us shared quite closely. The place was New York City; the time, the Great Depression. Because I was exposed to experiences very similar to those that were formative in his life, perhaps I can convey something of their special flavor. Norman believed that his early educational exposures had much to do with the establishment of his later goals. In large part, his achievements represent a tribute to a vanished era and, perhaps, to a vanished ethos-a time when the marketplace and the huckster were less honored than they are today, and when uniqueness rather than uniformity was more highly prized. When no one could afford to buy, the huckster's talents were wasted. Since there was no formula for success, there was no center that could demand uniformity of thought, of dress, of attitude. It was one of those rare times when an individualist was freely allowed expression. And one such individualist was Norman Geschwind. The public schools were our window on the world. The public school system, in turn, seemed to recognize its special opportunity. Confronted with students so eager to learn; the "system," unlike most bureaucracies, responded. Uncharacteristically, the school system "understood" that education was not an obligation but an opportunity. High school was the dividing line-at that point, the scholars were separated out. It was perhaps an accident of economic catastrophe that the New York City school system had acquired some of the most exciting teachers Geschwind ever again encountered. Norman went to Boy's High. Alfred Weil and Helen Benson struck the spark that drove him into scholarship. Both these teachers were highly educated; both, today, would have taught in a University or have had a professional career. But there were no jobs in the Depression. Many scholars drove taxis, worked in sweatshops, or taught in high school. Perhaps, in their teaching, they insinuated something of what they would like to have been. What they conveyed was an appreciation, if not truly an exemplification, of the value of the search for knowledge itself. I do not know where either of these teachers is today. But I hope someone lets them know that on the occasion of the death of one of their most illustrious students, they were not forgotten. Most often, an individual teacher made the difference. But perhaps there was something about the New York City school system itself, in that era, that allowed personalities to have an influence. Geschwind's later greatness as a teacher was not that he conveyed "facts" or information; rather, he communicated the joy of scholarship-that it was not the answer so much as the enterprise which was the true goal. So it was, according to Norman, with Alfred Weil and Helen Benson. My own first encounter with Geschwind occurred at the National Hospital, Queen Square, when our fellowships overlapped in the year 1952-1953. The perspiring walls of the underheated dining room at the National Hospital was hardly the most auspicious framework in which to conduct an intellectual discussion. (It was many years before I learned to conduct anything but an intellectual discussion with Norman Geschwind). Both of us had read Hughlings Jackson and had been thereby seduced into a reverence for English neurology. Jackson's handwritten charts were still preserved a t Queen Square. We reviewed these meticulous observations and also the records of Henry Head on the sensory consequences of peripheral nerve injuryanother fantastic possession of the National Hospital Archives. After that experience we understood I that, unfortunately, the Gestalt psychologist had come to dominate neurology. Cerebral localization was disparaged even by our hero, Henry Head. His "Aphasia" was incomprehensible. Where had the rigor gone? Where was the architecture of the nervous system so elegantly espoused by Henry Head himself? Was the brain a salt-soaked glob of tapioca? Where were the margins, boundaries, the elaborate constraints and stipulations? We resolved with all the arrogance of junior fellows to restore anatomy to neurology and to reestablish the discipline of behavioral neurology. In fact, Norman accomplished these goals; they were his most important achievements. Geschwind did not win election to the James Jackson Putnam Chair by philosophic argument. His first major contribution was the realization that Sperry's experiments on the corpus callosum had demonstrated once again that specific connections must be taken into account in the understanding of neurologic disease. He proceeded to explain the dif-


This paper deals with the free-vibration behaviour of anisotropic laminated angle-ply noncircular cylindrical shells using finite element approach. The formulation is based on first-order shear deformation theory. The present model accounts for in-plane and rotary inertia effects. A detailed study has been carried out to highlight the effects of shell geometry, cross-sectional properties, lay-up and ply-angles on the natural frequencies of different types of modes of vibration of non-circular elliptical shell structures.


Contents: A diplomatic text of Seinte Katerine, Seinte Marherete, Seinte Iuliene and Hali Meidhad from the Early Middle English Katherine Group - Readings of Bodley 34, Royal 17 A.xxvii and Cotton Titus D.xviii in parallel, with textual and paleographic notes - Frequency wordlists for the Royal and Titus manuscripts.


For each $ d \geq 1$, the maximally truncated Hilbert transform with a polynomial oscillation as below maps $ L ^{1}$ to weak $ L ^{1}$. $$ H_{\ast } f (x) = \sup_{\epsilon >0} \Bigl\lvert \int_{|y| > \epsilon} f (x-y) \frac { e ^{2 \pi i y ^d }} y\; dy \Bigr\rvert $$ The same bound, without maximal truncations and arbitrary polynomial, is due to Chanillo and Christ (1987). The method of proof is a new technique in the area of weak (1,1) inequalities.


Purpose To observe the effect of benzalkonium chloride on the proliferation of cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTCFs) in vitro. Methods Human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts were cultured in vitro.Solution of benzalkonium chloride was prepared and serially diluted to the concentration ranging from 20 μg/mL, 2 μg/mL to 2×10 -7 μg/mL. Fibroblasts growth was measured with MTT assay method. Morphological changes were observed under phase contrast microscope. Results Benzalkonium chloride in higher concentration groups (at concentration of 0.2 μg/mL or higher) take had effect on cultured human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts. When the concentration of benzalkonium chloride was 20 μg/mL, the cells were almost dead and the A values were significantly decreased (P0.01). 2 μg/mL and 0.2 μg/mL benzalkonium chloride induced obvious morphological changes. There were no significant changes of A values (P0.05) and morphological changes in lower concentration groups (lower than 0.2 μg/mL). Comparing the dose-response curves of benzalkonium chloride after different time, there was no statistical difference in proliferation of HTCFs between 4 hours and 24 hours(P0.05). Conclusions Preservative benzalko- nium chloride has toxic effect at concentration of 0.2 μg/mL or higher, while there is no influence on the proliferation of HTCFs at the lower concentrations.


Application of slow light linear delay to squint-free (true-time delay) steering of phased array radar antennae is discussed. Theoretical analysis is provided on true-time delay radar requirements, including delay precision, amplitude precision, and bandwidth. We also discuss an improvement to the slow light technique based on stimulated Brillouin scattering by using a Faraday rotator mirror that provides temporally stable, linear (with pump power) delay, applicable to practical implementations. Future directions are considered.


Summary In the first part of the paper, Stefan Leder presents the history of the formation of the cognitive approach in psychotherapy in Poland and the world. In the second part, Maria M. Siwiak-Kobayashi describes the aims and practical applications of behavioral and cognitive learning in integrative and intensive short-term therapy, based on social learning. cognitive approach / social learning / cognitive psychotherapy / behaviorism / psychotherapy integration


Thirty-six mother-adult daughter dyads discussed potential caregiving decisions prior to the mother's dependency. Their interactions were coded for exhibited conflict, use of control strategies, level of involvement in the discussion, and regard for each other. In addition, they reported their use of conflict strategies when having a disagreement with each other. Less than 40% of these dyads exhibited a disagreement. Mothers with high nonconfrontation scores were less involved in these discussions, suggesting that they may be less involved in order to avoid disagreements. Daughters' involvement was associated with the interaction between their mothers' control scores and their own solution-orientation scores. Daughters whose mothers used fewer control strategies were more involved, suggesting that less controlling mothers may be giving tacit approval for their daughters' involvement in seeking mutually acceptable solutions. Mothers' and daughters' level of positive regard and the conflict styles exhibited during these discussions were not associated with their reported use of conflict strategies with each other.


In this research project, an attempt is made to fuse the fields of structural mechanics and machine learning. The goal is to find out if models can be created that are capable of predicting the outcomes of (nonlinear) finite element analyses. These models are created by means of Artificial Neural Networks, which is a powerful method in the domain of machine learning. The focus will be on stiffened steel plated structures that are part of a sea lock gate. The power of a trained neural network is that it is able to compute the output for a given set of input parameters within a fraction of a second. Running a complete finite element analysis on the other hand can take a significant amount of time, especially in case of geometrically and/or physically nonlinear analyses. When relying on nonlinear finite element analyses for performing a structural design optimization, a trained network can therefore save a huge amount of time. It also allows to evaluate many more design options, possibly finding a more optimal design than what would be possible with a manual design optimization. An automated procedure has been created to generate datasets by running FE analyses in batch mode. Parametric models are set up in ANSYS FE software, for which random sets of input parameters are generated. After running the analyses, the output is collected and organised in datasets that can be used for training. The sizes of the datasets and the dimensionality of the design spaces are varied in order to study the influence of these quantities on the accuracies of the predictions produced by the neural networks. Genetic algorithms, which is another machine learning technique, are deployed for the optimization of the \textit{hyperparameters} of the neural networks, which are basically the \textit{settings} of the network which determine the learning behaviour. Three standard interpolation techniques (Kriging and polynomial interpolation) are also fitted to the same datasets in order to compare the performance of the neural networks to these interpolation techniques. The final result is an overview of the accuracies of the predictions made with the neural networks on validation datasets. It was found that the neural networks produced accurate predictions on the maximum deflection of a simply supported, stiffened steel plate loaded by a uniform pressure. Most of the relative errors were within a range of 5\% error for design problems with 4 dimensions. Predictions of the linear buckling load of stiffened steel plates were found to be mostly within the range of 10\% error for design problems with 4 dimensions. When increasing the number of free design variables from 4 to 8, the errors were found to be mostly within the range of 20\% error. The predictions of maximum equivalent stresses in stiffened steel plated sections obtained by geometrically nonlinear FE analyses were found to be in the range of $\pm$ 20\%. These models had 13 free design variables. Improvements were made on the available options of hyperparameters for neural networks. With these improvements, new predictions were made on the maximum equivalent stresses and the accuracies were found to be slightly better, with errors ranging between $\pm$ 15\%. For implementation of the predictive model in a design optimization algorithm, these errors are considered to be too high. It is expected that the dimensionality of this problem (13 design parameters) combined with very irregular results due to the presence of peak stresses and different buckling shapes, resulted in these deviations. Additional datasets are generated with results of FE analyses of simplified, unstiffened steel plates. Both geometrically and physically nonlinear analyses are performed, with uni-directional compression applied to the plate edge directly as a displacement. The number of free design variables was set equal to either 1 or 4 free variables. It was found that even with small datasets (with 32 training samples), the neural networks produced very accurate results on predicting maximum equivalent stresses, maximum equivalent mechanical strains (in case of physically nonlinear analyses) and total reaction force. A neural network was found to be capable of producing a nonlinear load-displacement curve of a compressed rectangular plate with elastic-plastic material model.


DF Loran and CJ MacEwen; eds. 240 pages. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1995. $75.00. ISBN 0-7506-1578-8. Order phone 800-366-2665. Covers vision needs in sports, eye injuries, protective devices, options for correction of vision, and forensic problems. The main audience is presumably ophthalmologists and optometrists, but general internists serving as advisers to school programs may find this text helpful for some questions.


Based on the fuzziness of performance evaluation for power supply enterprises,the principles of performance evaluation in management practice were proposed.The fuzzy-set theory was introduced to the process of comprehensive evaluation,and the membership functions for various remarks were determined based on actual demand.Based on that,a fuzzy evaluation method was proposed which applies the Γ function to performance evaluation for power supply enterprises for the first time.The method was proved practicable and effective through case study.


Resonant cavities, confining light in sub-wavelength dimensions are key elements of the rapid advance in the development of on-chip optoelectronic devices. Recently, graphene has been studied for its physical and device properties, revealing fascinating properties for ultrafast and compact communication systems [1]. However, the response cannot compete with state-of-the art technology. Here, we present a detector concept combining a resonant cavity together with graphene as shown in Fig 1(a). The constructive interference inside the ring gives rise to an absorption of the guided light near unity. Dual-gate electrodes centred on top of the active layer allows to generate a pn-junction in the graphene layer, optimizing the response due to the photo-thermoelectric (PTE) effect [2]. The remarkable strong light-matter interaction results in an elevated temperature of the photo-excited carriers of several hundreds of Kelvin, depending on the input power as the data in Fig 1(b) shows. Thus, showing a nonlinear behaviour of the carrier temperature as suggested in the supercollision model [3]. The detector reaches a record high responsivity fore PTE-based detectors of 28 V/W and an electrical 3dB cut-off frequency of 10 GHz.


Abstract Objective: This study mainly determined the effect of beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta1–42) on the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels of the cultured cortical and hippocampal cholinergic neurons, and further confirmed the protective effect of Diazoxide, which was the specific opener of KATP channels, to the neurons. Methods: The primary rat cortical and hippocampal cholinergic neurons were cultured. Membrane currents were measured using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results: The data showed that the outward current of neurons significantly decreased after using Abeta1–42 (P<0·05), and that the outward current of decreased did not change after given Diazoxide again (P>0·05) compared with control. However, after being pretreated with Diazoxide for 1 hour before using Abeta1–42, this phenomenon did not exist; that is, the membrane current of the neurons did not change when we give Abeta1–42 after pretreatment with Diazoxide (P>0·05). Conclusions: It is concluded that Abeta1–42 inhibits the openings of the KATP channels, while this inhibitory action can be removed by pretreatment with Diazoxide. It is indicated that the opening of KATP channels may play a potential neuroprotective role in antineurotoxicity of Abeta1–42, and the application of Diazoxide in small dose may be helpful in the treatment of Abeta1–42 neurotoxicity.


The emergence and assertiveness of a new historiography of medieval Portuguese nobility, particularly apparent in the last few years, is revealed by a significant number of studies carried out in the areas of social and cultural history and the history of mentalities. The wealth and singularity of some of the sources used, with particular reference to the books of nobility drawn up from the end of the 13th century to the 1340s, led to this revival which, however, broadened its analysis to include a variety of document typologies. The model proposed by Duby to analyse the evolution of kinship structure was reflected in this theme's treatment in Portugal through the work of Jose Mattoso. The research undertaken in the last few years has allowed us to confront perspectives and review interpretations. Thus, throughout the 13th and 14th centuries in Portugal, on a par with an essentially «vertical» kinship structure, made clear for example in the very structure of the books of nobility, there remained a system of hereditary transmission of patrimony which treated all heirs as equal, with no exclusion of second sons or females. This fact contributed to the atomization and dispersion of nobiliary property, preventing the constitution of any great and enduring regional secular seigniorial potentates during this period.


The forensic analysis of evidences must be able to extract maximum of information from small quantities of samples, while preserving as much material as possible for future tests. In this case, the accuracy and speed are vital in order to obtain relevant and trustful results. Among the many types of materials that are subject of a criminal investigation, a great quantity of them can be analyzed by using the X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) technique [1] [2] [3]: inorganic, organic and metals. It's required that the material should be solid and crystalline or partially crystalline. The huge advantages lie in the fact that it is a nondestructive technique and the unique characterization is possible because each compound has its own specific pattern, like a 'fingerprint'. It was not found any publication about the use of the XPD by the Brazilian laboratories that is dedicated to forensic analysis. The aim of this work is to show the versatility of the technique and the great cost-beneficial that this technique can offer. Many Brazilian laboratories situated in universities possess the equipment and can eventually help the investigations along with the police. This partnership can provide advances in technology and can encourage the fundamental and applied science students to contribute with the Forensic Science in Brazil, increasing the quality and variety of the national scientific research.


We develop a method to determine size and size distribution (30–150 nm) of polydisperse nanoparticles using a laser ablation/ ionization time-of-flight single-particle mass spectrometer that extends the work first described by Reents and Ge. We found a composition independent "power law" dependence between the total peak area and original particle volume that enables one to determine particle volume directly from a particles mass spectrum. This power-law relationship suggests that some ions ablated and ionized from a particle are selectively lost during transport from the laser ablation/ionization region to the detector. A numerical calculation of ion trajectories shows that ion loss is highly dependent on the initial kinetic energy of ions. We show that the size-dependent energetic ions formed by the laser-particle interaction lead to power-law relationship between the cube root of peak area and particle diameter. The results demonstrate that particle size distributions measured with the mass spectrometer are in good agreement with those measured with a scanning mobility particle sizer.


The education inequality accompanies the educational development just as the economic inequality with the economic development. During the construction of the economic system of socialist market, certain difference, which is drawing wide social attention, exists between the reality and the ideal of educational equality. This article takes Marxist's view as a perspective that people's right can never go beyond economic structure of society and the related development of social culture. Generally speaking, the concept of educational equality is prone to be against the reality of education, while the concept of educational fairness, which is realize or concrete equality of education, is for the reality of education. Under circumstances of relatively slow development of productivity and lacking in educational resources, our government, when investing in education and redistributing educational resources within the system of education, shouldn' t neglect the actual share of the weak groups, but take fairness and efficiency into one consideration so as to make the best of both. This should be a guiding principle.


A multilayer microstrip design of ultra-wideband (UWB) log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) printed on dielectric plate is presented. The proposed design consists of array of printed dipoles fed by a dual-wire transmission line. Then the dual-wire transmission line is fed with a SMP connector. The dimensions of the dipoles and the spacing between each element are optimized by parametric simulations using full wave simulator. The size of the fabricated LPDA is $61\times 62\text{mm}^{2}$. The LPDA has 9 octave bandwidth which covers the band from 2 GHz to 18 GHz. This LPDA has excellent radiation pattern performance from 2GHz to18GHz.


In this paper are presented the results obtained from a simulation of a pollution situation with crude oil products and the efficiency of the use of hydrocarbon recovery systems. In the event of major pollution accidents, in which the oil moves and touches the sandy drum, the only way of disposing is to load the polluted sand and to bring another in place, very costly and difficult operation. So, recovering a large amount of oil offshore is highly recommended. The phenomenon that governess the dynamics of pollution has been simulated using CFD (Computer Fluid Dynamics) and involves as follows: - In the first phase, the oil stain extends as the surface and thinning as thickness (thickness); -In the second phase, the mixing of hydrocarbon with water occurs, and the mixture becomes more and more difficult and no longer floats but moves immerse, but not less dangerous for the marine flora/fauna. This second phenomenon is favored by the state of the sea (the excitement of the water due to the waves). At the same time part of the hydrocarbon is volatile in the air, proportional with the temperature of water and air. Results of simulation are: a) the evolution of the quantity of petroleum product discharged during the simulation; b) the evolution of the quantity of evaporated petroleum product; c) the variation of the maximum thickness of the oil product film; d the variation of polluted surface; e) the variation of the quantity of petroleum product recovered; f) minimizing the risks of pollution by simulating scenarios with PISCES II software. The simulations on the movement and evolution of the oil film on the water surface are necessary for assessing the environmental impact, assessing the response time of the authorities in emergencies, assessing the situation, establishing The most sustainable strategies for limiting the scattering and isolation of petroleum products and the use of the most appropriate methods of response for the removal of petroleum products from the surface of the sea water or the shoreline.


Vertical distribution of Viola species in Nanling Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, was investigated at eight different altitudinal gradients from 500 m to 1 902 m in an area of 100 km2 in the centre of the Reserve. It was revealed that the number of Viola species was in the order of 5, 8, 9, 10, 9, 7, 3 and 1 from low altitude to high with approximately 200 meters for each gradient. More species abundance appeared at elevation of 1 000-1 200 m. Among the altitudinal gradients, the nearer the height, the greater the similarity coefficient was. The vertical distribution pattern of Viola species in the Reserve is in accordance with that of common woody plants, which might be related with moisture and heat conditions.


Islamic Law has given much importance to the individual will in establishing the rights and the responsibilities. On this matter, it has been theoritically accepted that individual should decide to make what kind of contract with who and on which conditions as long as there is no prohibitive norm of law. However, it has been also accepted that this freedom can be restricted necessarily on the principle of right and justice and public benefit. Consequently, it is possible that freedom of contract can be restricted alongside with the differences in time and in social structure in accordence with the principle of justice and maslahat. The main reason for these restrictions is to set up a reasonable balance between the individual and the public benefit


Recently, several studies conducted by automotive industry revealed the tremendous advantages of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS). TRansformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steel is one of the typical representative of AHSS. This kind of materials exhibits high strength as well as high formability. Analyzing the crack behaviour in TRIP steels is a challenging task due to the microstructure level inhomogeneities between the different phases (Ferrite, Bainite, Austenite, Martensite) that constitute these materials. This paper aims at investigating the fracture resistance of TRIP steels. For this purpose, a micromechanical finite element model is developed based on the actual microstructure of a TRIP 800 steel. Uniaxial tensile tests on TRIP 800 sheet notched specimens were also conducted and tensile properties and R-curves (Resistance curves) were determined. The comparison between simulation and experimental results leads us to the conclusion that the method using microstructure-based representative volume element (RVE) captures well enough the complex behavior of TRIP steels. The effect of phase transformation, which occurs during the deformation process, on the toughness is observed and discussed.


stamped on verso: printed by harringtons -- 5 19. information inscribed on verso of backing card: the first meeting of the hotham council was held at the peacock hotel errol street on 21/10/1859. the municipality's name was changed to north melbourne 26/8/1887 and later incorporated with city council 30/10/1905 and is now the hopetoun ward. [correct at time of photo]


Change detection from mobile platforms is a relevant topic in the field of intelligent vehicles and has many applications, such as countering improvised explosive devices (C-IED). Existing real-time C-IED systems are not robust against large viewpoint differences, which are unavoidable under realistic operating conditions in outdoor environments. To address this, we proposes a new hierarchical 2.5-D scene-alignment algorithm. First, the 3-D ground surface of the historic scene is reconstructed by polygons, onto which historic image-based texture is projected. By estimating the 3-D transformation between historic and live camera views, the historic scene can be rendered as if seen from the live camera viewpoint. To compensate for 3-D alignment and reconstruction imperfections, local pixel-accurate registration refinement is performed in 2-D. The proposed real-time 2.5-D method thereby combines the accuracy of a 2-D local image registration with the robustness of 3-D scene alignment. It was found that the resulting change detection system detects small changes of only 18×18×9 at distances of 60 meters under large trajectory deviations of up to 2.5 meters.


Microcredit has awakened the interest of rulers due to its supposed capacity to fight poverty and create economic development opportunities in areas traditionally less-favored economically. However, little has been studied about the microenterprises that utilize this type of financing. This paper seeks to clarify how microcredit influences the promotion of entrepreneurship in Vale do Jequitinhonha. In order to explain this phenomenon, a survey with micro entrepreneurs that were served by Crediamigo was conducted. The collected data was grouped by means of cluster analysis. The data analysis made it possible to verify that microcredit has a positive influence upon the profitability and cash flow emanation in businesses, once it provides the means for the generation of working capital in better conditions. Still, this positive influence relation was not observed when it came to job creation, since a big part of it is composed of individual workers. Keywords: Microcredit, Vale do Jequitinhonha, Micro-Entrepreneurs, Cluster Analysis


This study centered on Manifestations of Workplace Conflict and Employee Turnover Intentions. Abusive Supervision, Workplace Mobbing, Workplace Ostracicm and Employee Turnover Intentions with respect to restaurants in Enugu metropolis formed the focus of the study. Structural Equation Modeling was used for testing the hypotheses. The findings revealed that Abusive Supervision was significantly related to Employee Turnover Intention(Standardized Coefficient=0.944, p<0.05). Workplace Mobbing was not significantly related to Employee Turnover Intention (Standardized Coefficient=-0.553, p>0.05). Also ,existence of relationship was found between Workplace Ostracism and Employee Turnover Intention(Standardized Coefficient=0.318, p<0.05). On the strength of these findings, we recommend amongst others the need for training and re-training of owners and managers of these firms to update their supervisory skills as well as the need to review and possibly update laws relating to employment in Nigeria. I. Background Of The Study: From time immemorial, hospitality firms have provided invaluable services to humanity. Increasing urbanization, the rising need for excellence coupled with the demands of globalization are all acting in concert to making demands for services of hospitality firms a routine if not a practice by many individuals and corporate organizations. From the 1940's when Enugu became a regional headquarters (courtesy of the Richard constitution) till date, the city has witnessed tremendous growth in size, structure and population. Intensive rural-urban migration, upsurge in the number of higher institutions (students population of these institutions no doubt have accentuated the increasing population of the city), increasing economic activities as well as the growing recognition and influence of the city as the political hub and headquarters of South – East, Nigeria are some of the identified correlates and determinants of the size, structure, and population of Enugu with implications for the demands for the services of hospitality organizations. With an increasing population and the need to satisfy some basic needs, the emergence of hospitality organizations was no coincidence. Where an average Nigerian spends 72.9% of his/her earnings on food as reported by Uche (2011), it is conceivable that several hospitality firms will spring up in their different forms, names and sizes providing sometimes similar and sometimes different services. Unarguably, these firms/organizations provide employment to a large number of people (both skilled and unskilled). This is in addition to their being sources of revenue to government, profit to their owners, an index of economic growth, with a contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.). However, observations by the researchers supplemented by public opinion show a persistent increase in the rate of employee turnover amongst restaurants (these shall be the focus of this study) in Enugu metropolis. When an employee(s) move beyond organizational boundaries, it is termed employee turnover (Okafor, 2014). For Fapohunda (1980), labour turnover is a flow of man power into and out of the organization, while the Webster's Comprehensive Dictionary (2004) captures employee turnover as the rate at which persons hired by a given establishment within a given period are replaced by others. Meanwhile, labour turnover is an index of the stability of the work force. Writers are all agreed that the rate of turnover provide a graphic illustration of the turbulence within the organization, as a high rate of attrition can destabilize a business, de-motivate those who attempt to maintain levels of service and output against a background of vacant posts, inexperienced staff, and general discontent (Armstrong, 2005). Simply put, increasing rate of employee turnover has implications for organization performance both in terms of cost of operations and possibly relationship management. Our preliminary investigation show a high attrition rate occasioned partly by workplace conflict manifested in the forms of abusive supervision, mobbing and ostracism. Conventionally, conflict is a fact of organization life, inevitable and unavoidable. Following the interactionist viewpoint, some level of conflict is even suggested (Okafor, 2016). However, an increasing level of conflict is not only dysfunctional but may be detrimental hence, the need to sufficiently and adequately handle its predisposing factors. Workplace Conflict Manifestations And Turnover Intentions Of Employees Of Hospitality DOI: 10.9790/487X-1905060612 www.iosrjournals.org 7 | Page Extant literature on employee turnover are replete with the consequences of turn over intention and actual turnover. In the main, turnover intention is adjudge to be the most immediate and stronger antecedent of turnover (mobley etal.., 1979), employee turnover is a threat to the sustainability of firms, increase replacement and training costs, result in inefficiency in services rendered to customers, decline in patronage, loss of customers who may desire the services of the departed employee(s) (Dawley and Andrew 2012, Rahman and Naz 2013, Okafor, 2014). The preceding paragraph is a pointer to the fact that both intention and actual turnover of employee(s) can be seen as predictor as well as correlate of many organizational variables. Ignoring the consequences of employee turnover intention may be detrimental to an organization. It becomes expedient that workplace conflict manifestation (in the forms of Abusive supervision(AS),Mobbing(MO), and Ostracism (OS) which may have significant relationship with turnover intention be investigated especially as it relates to restaurants operating in Enugu metropolis, South-East Nigeria. The concern of these authors is that a high attrition rate presents a problem that have the potency of reducing income, resulting in revenue loss as well as declining profit with possible negative implications on the entire hospitality industry of Enugu State. II. Objectives Of The Study Essentially, the study seeks to explore relationships between conflict manifestations and employee turnover intentions. Specifically, we shall i. Examine the extent of relationship between abusive supervision and employee intention to leave. ii. Investigate the influence of workplace mobbing on employee intention to leave an organization. iii. Investigate the extent to which workplace ostracism affects employee intention to leave restaurants in Enugu metropolis. III. Research Hypothesis For the purpose of this investigation, we raise the following hypothesis as a guide. H1 There is a significant relationship between abusive supervision and employee turnover intention in restaurants in Enugu Metropolis. H2 Workplace mobbing is related to turnover intention of employees of restaurants in Enugu metropolis H3 A relationship exists between workplace ostracism and employee turnover intention in restaurants in Enugu metropolis. IV. Literature Review Conflict is a fact of organization life, sometimes inevitable, and unavoidable. Conflict is a reality and like for all realities there have been attempts at defining, explaining and explicating it (them). In furtherance of these attempts, we now have different definitions and theories of conflict. Robbins (2005) sees conflict as a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has negatively affected or about to negatively affect something that the 1 st party cares about. For Anugwom (2007), conflict is premised on incompatibility of goals arising from opposing behavior ...with the intention to obstruct the achievement of some other person's goal(s).Good as these definitions are, they failed in explaining the many variables of conflict. To say that conflict is only perceptual or that they are products of opposing behaviours without recourse to their manifestation may be misleading. Authors have also labored to justify conflicts. Amongst the many reasons given as justification for conflict include limited resources, differences in goals, perception, orientation, race, religion and background. Other reasons are power and authority relationships as well as other institutional induced forces (Achir, 2014, Anele 2014). Okafor, 2016). A mere identification of the forces that give rise to conflict is insufficient as they may not provide enough grounds for their management. In similar manner, there have been efforts to explicate and explain the reality of conflict. Put differently, authors have tried to theorize in relation to conflict. For now, three (3) dominant theories are found in contemporary management literature. The first referred to as the traditional theory, sees all conflicts as bad and must be dealt with at all costs. This view point is idealistic as it is proven that a world without conflict has never, does not and will never exist. The second termed human relation approach is a more realistic exposition on conflict. It subscribes to the idea that that which cannot be cured must be endured. Therefore, managers are advised to put in place appropriate mechanism and measures to handle and manage conflicts. (Ajah, 2007, Okafor, 2016) The third viewpoint referred to as the interactionist viewpoint (a positive inclination), thinks that not all conflicts are bad, that some level of conflict is actually needed as such minimal level(s) of conflict may confer some benefits to an organization in ways not intended. Good exposition visa – vis definitions, causes and theories of conflict, but these positions failed in addressing the conflict manifest variables and their relationships with employees turnover intentions especially in backward formations in dire need of optimizing operational efficiency of services oriented organizations. Workplace Conflict Manifestations And Turnover Intentions Of Employees Of Hospitality DOI: 10.9790/487X-1905060612 www.iosrjournals.org 8 | Page However this lacuna in researc


Abstract We evaluated the effect of prematurity and the infant's temperament on the mother-infant behaviors in the Face-to-Face Still-Face Paradigm (FFSF). The study included 75 mothers and their infants (37 preterm and 38 term) between three and four months of age (corrected age for preterm infants). The mothers responded to a perception scale of the infants' temperament and the dyads were observed in a structured condition (FFSF). The FFSF Paradigm, divided into three episodes, made it possible to analyze the behaviors of: Positive Social Orientation, Negative Social Orientation and Self-comfort. The averages recorded for these categories were analyzed in a Multivariate ANOVA (factors: prematurity and temperament). Temperament had more effect on maternal and infant behaviors, suggesting that this factor may influence mother-infant interaction. The results can guide possible interventions with families.


Enstatite meteorites are the most reduced naturally-occuring materials of the solar system. The cubic monosulfide series with the general formula (Mg,Mn,Ca,Fe)S are common phases in these meteorite groups. The importance of such minerals, their formation, composition and textural relationships for understanding the genesis of enstatite chondrites (EC) and aubrites, has long been recognized (e.g. [1]). However, the mechanisms of formation of these sulfides is still not well constrained certainly because of possible multiple ways to produce them. We propose to simulate different models of formation in order to check their mineralogical, chemical and textural relevancies. The solubility of sulfur in silicate melts is of primary interest for planetary mantles, particularly for the Earth and Mercury. Indeed, these two planets could have formed, at least partly, from EC materials (e.g. [2, 3, 4]). The sulfur content in silicate melts depends on the melt composition but also on pressure (P), temperature (T) and oxygen fugacity fO2. Unfortunately, there is no model of general validity in a wide range of P-T-fO2-composition which describes precisely the evolution of sulfur content in silicate melts, even if the main trends are now known. The second goal of this study is to constrain the sulfur content in silicate melts under reducing conditions and different temperatures.


Abstract : The major goal of this Concept Award project is to explore the anti-Her-2 antibody as targeting ligand to establish the self-assembled nanovectors for targeted siRNA delivery to Her-2(+) breast cancer. Our hypothesis is (1) anti-Her-2 antibody will specifically target nanovectors to Her-2(+) breast cancer and thus efficiently deliver siRNA to the target cells; (2) siRNA-nanovectors will potently silence the Bcl-2/Bcl-xL gene expression induce apoptosis in human breast cancer cells that depend on Bcl-2/Bcl-xL for survival. Since the start of this project we have tested various conditions for the self-assembled nanovectors based on our patented nanotechnology platform. However we have met with technical difficulty using original technique of non-covalent complexing some modification is needed to make Herceptin-nanovectors. Therefore we requested and obtained approval a one-year no cost extension to optimize the conditions for nanovectors. Based on the data obtained in this first year the anti-Her-2-nanovector shows increased transfection efficiency in Her-2(+) breast cancer cells with 2-5-fold increase of reporter gene expression as compared with non-targeted one. We have also designed and validated siRNA/shRNA on Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL that can knockdown target genes expression up to 90%. These data provide us the foundation to accomplish the project in the second year.


With the booming of education in our country in recent years,it demands higher level on teachers' knowledge and structure of capability constantly.Consequently,more and more attention has been paid for subject about teachers' continuing education,and a lot of achievements of relative researches emerged.We undertook a comprehensive diagnosis of college physical education teachers' concept of continuing education and behavioral motive in our province,and hereby set forward corresponding suggestions.


In this paper we consider the compact plane sets known as Swiss cheese sets, which are a useful source of examples in the theory of uniform algebras and rational approximation. We introduce a notion of 'allocation map' connected with Swiss cheeses, and we develop the theory of such maps. We use this theory to modify examples previously constructed in the literature to solve various problems, in order to obtain examples of Swiss cheese sets homeomorphic to the Sierpinski carpet which solve the same problems. In particular, this allows us to give examples of essential, regular uniform algebras on locally connected, compact plane sets. Our techniques also allow us to avoid certain technical difficulties in the literature.


Electrical driven compressors (EDC) are mounted on the automotive driveline to compress refrigerants in an automotive air conditioning system. The electrical power delivered by the battery is converted to mechanical power by an inverter and an electrical motor. The inverter is composed of a printed circuit board (PCB) with assembled electronic components. For the inverter part of the EDC, the vibration failures are predominant followed by thermal failures on electronic components. Hence robust methodology is necessary to improve the strength of the design under vibration environment through Finite Element Analysis. In this paper, a multi-fidelity methodology to validate automotive electronic components under harmonic loading through Finite Element Analysis is presented. This multi-fidelity methodology allows the risk of failure to be assessed at the earliest stages of product design, when changes are easy to make and have a low financial impact. The main focus is on the last stage of this methodology, which corresponds to the high fidelity model. The main features of this high-fidelity model are reviewed: from the modeling of the Printed Circuit Board which is considered as a composite material, to the glue modeling, through meshing and numerical method used, up to the loading applied to the model. The discussion will mention the main multi-fidelity results up to a vibration fatigue analysis to validate the life of components to check whether it meets the customer requirement. Next, the accuracy of the high-fidelity simulation results are discussed in comparison with the vibration test results. Finally, this robust methodology supports us to minimize the proto samples and quick evaluation of products.


The aim – to analyze the results of treatment of patients with combined pathology of the anal canal and rectum using Surgitron radio wave surgery and high-frequency electrosurgery "KLS Martin".
Materials and methods. The analysis of surgical treatment of 236 patients with combined anal canal and rectum with Surgitron radio wave surgery, 50 patients using KLS Martin high-frequency electrosurgery and 112 patients who have been traditionally operated using a metal scalpel. After surgical interventions using radio-wave and high-frequency electrosurgery devices, morphological examination of tissues was conducted to study the depth of their necrosis.
Results. It has been established that the use of Surgitron, as well as the high-frequency electrosurgical apparatus "KLS Martin", reduces the duration of the surgery to 15 ± 5 minutes, reduces the volume of blood loss to 20 ± 10 ml, the need for narcotic analgesics to 2 ± 1 ml, and terms of inpatient treatment of patients up to 4 ± 1 day. The results of the morphological study indicate that the application of the above-mentioned surgical techniques leads to a negligible depth of tissue necrosis from 0.165 ± 0.11 mm using the Surgitron apparatus to 0.192 ± 0.12 mm when used with the KLS Martin apparatus, ensuring cosmetic operations.
Conclusions. The use of the Surgitron radio-wave surgery and the KLS Martin electrosurgical apparatus for the treatment of patients with combined pathology of the anal canal and rectum due to insignificant tissue effects contributes to reducing the duration of the operation, reducing the volume of intraoperative blood loss, significantly reducing the pain in the postoperative period, reduction of the terms of inpatient treatment of patients, which determines their rapid medical and social rehabilitation. Also due to the minimal effect on the tissue, the healing of the postoperative wound is faster, which contributes to the formation of a delicate elastic scar and prevents the formation of scar strictures of the anal canal, as well as insufficiency of the anal sphincter in the postoperative period.


Systems that have big transmission line may have problem on changes of pressure in the distribution system. Because the increase in water age is dependent on the difference between the production and consumption rates, high residence time in pipes and storage duration in water tanks. The goal of this study is to analyze the effects residence time to water quality in large water distribution systems. According to the results in Ahwaz, bacterial growth (HPC) has a direct relationship with water age, and changing rate of the bacterial growth (HPC) and the distance travelled and residence time have been caused to increase water age, bacterial growth (HPC), chlorine consumption and hydraulic change. So bacterial growth (HPC) doesn't have any relationship with THMs and Tol Coli form, but has a reversed relationship with residual chlorine nearly.


Bilateral control has long been researched as a technology that facilitates the tele-operation with feedback of haptic sensation. However, it is well known that the time delay for communication between master and slave systems easily deteriorates the performance of the haptic communication. This study focuses on the use of nonlinear filter for bilateral control under time delay. It is known that the time delay in communication degrades the rendering performance of haptic sensation. The filter employed in this study is SPAN (Split PAth Nonlinear) filter, which enables the independent design of gain and phase characteristics for fundamental wave. By the filter, it is expected that the design freedom of controller is increased and performance of haptic communication under time delay is recovered. The validity of the proposed system is shown by simulation and experimental results.


To predict the performance of optical read channels readout waveforms generated using linear superposition techniques are often used. The readout waveform is, however, often degraded by non-linear components particularly at high storage densities. In this paper the origins of such non-linearities are explained and their effects on read channel performance investigated. It is found that channel bit error rate can be properly optimised only if the signal non-linearity is taken into account.


Mathematics is an essential subject, but some students face difficulties in learning due to the lack of engaging and innovative learning resources. However, using PowToon-based learning media in videos can be an effective alternative for distance education. This study aimed to develop PowToon-based mathematics learning media that would be valid, practical, and effective for the eighth-grade Cartesian coordinate material at SMP Negeri 13 Mataram, using the 4D research method (Define, Design, Development, Dissemination). The research resulted in an MP4 video about Cartesian Coordinate material that received a validity score of 0.82, which was considered highly valid by four validators. The product is also considered practical, with an 84.6% practicality score based on the responses of 24 students who used it for the Cartesian coordinate material. The media has proven highly effective, with a student completion rate of 83.33% during the test trial. Furthermore, the learning media is disseminated through YouTube for easy student access. Thus, PowToon-based learning media can be considered valid, practical, and effective for mathematics education.


The development of the clean coal techniques passes initially by the setting in conformity of the power stations with pulverized coal, where the fuel is pulverized in very fine dust in the crushers to facilitate combustion, is mixed with heated air and finally injected into the combustion chamber of the vapor generator. To decrease the emission in the atmosphere of polluting gases, one can add installations of denitrification and/or desulphurization. These processes act either on the level of combustion, or by a treatment of the fume.


OBJECTIVE
This study examines the impact of marketing strategies on the dissemination of a brief alcohol intervention program to general practitioners (GPs). The marketing strategy was tested to determine the most effective way to promote awareness about and consideration of a brief alcohol intervention program. The study also examines the impact of training and support strategies to promote the program's implementation in routine primary care.

METHOD
A pragmatic trial was carried out in Australia, Belgium (Flanders), Denmark, England, New Zealand and Spain (Catalonia) in which GPs were randomly allocated into one of three marketing conditions (direct mail, telemarketing and academic detailing [personal visits]). The GPs who requested a brief intervention program and agreed to use it were stratified by previous marketing condition and randomly allocated into one of three implementation strategy groups: written guidance, outreach training and outreach training plus ongoing telephone support.

RESULTS
Acceptance of the brief intervention program was more effective with use of telemarketing (65%) and academic detailing (67%) than with direct mail (32%) for promoting awareness about and consideration of a brief alcohol intervention program. The median proportion of patients screened was higher for trained GPs (6%) and supported GPs (9%) than for control GPs (1%), who received only written guidance on how to conduct brief intervention. Similarly, the median rate for giving advice to at-risk patients was higher for trained GPs (3%) and supported GPs (3%) than for control GPs (0%).

CONCLUSIONS
The adoption of more direct approaches for disseminating evidence-based intervention programs to GPs is a necessary first step for changing practice behavior. However, outreach training was required to promote actual use of a new procedure in routine practice.


Designer benzodiazepine (DBZD) use has been increasing over the past decade and poses a threat to human health and safety, particularly when involved in driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) cases. Over a five-year period between 2017 and 2021, there were 1145 reported DBZDs in 805 blood samples submitted from law enforcement agencies for DUID testing. Eleven different DBZD were detected, including three metabolite pairs: etizolam/alpha-hydroxyetizolam, clonazolam/8-aminoclonazolam, diclazepam/delorazepam, flualprazolam, flubromazolam, flubromazepam, bromazolam, and bromazepam. Etizolam/alpha hydroxyetizolam (n=485) and flualprazolam (n=149) were the most frequently detected DBZD, at 60% and 18%, respectively. Driving behavior, standardized field sobriety tests (SFST) performance, and physical observations of individuals suspected of DUID, whose blood was toxicologically confirmed for one or more DBZD, were consistent with effects caused by central nervous system (CNS) depressants. Each DBZD has its own unique timeline, and toxicology testing had to be frequently updated to reflect the state of the novel psychoactive substance (NPS) market. DBZD play a role in impaired driving and can be the sole intoxicant in DUID cases.


The miniaturization of electronic and mechanical components has allowed for an unprecedented downscaling of spacecraft size and mass. Today, spacecraft with a mass between 1 to 10 grams, AttoSats, have been developed and operated in space. Due to their small size, they introduce a new paradigm in spacecraft design, relying on agile development, rapid iterations, and massive redundancy. However, no systematic survey of the potential advantages and unique mission concepts based on AttoSats exists. This paper explores the potential of AttoSats for future space missions. First, we present the state of the art of AttoSats. Next, we identify unique AttoSat characteristics and map them to future mission capabilities. Finally, we go beyond AttoSats and explore how smart dust and nano-scale spacecraft could allow for even smaller spacecraft in the milligram range: zepto- and yocto spacecraft.


By using the Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) IC with embedded switched capacitor techniques, the circuit design for a neuron is proposed. First, the FPAA IC and EDA software platform are introduced. Second, the architecture and working principle of the FPAA neuron circuit are present. Third, by using the FPAA EDA software and hardware developing platform, the FPAA neuron circuit has been designed and tested.


Understanding the role of stream hydrologic and morphologic variables on the selection of spawning sites by salmonid fishes at high resolution across broad scales is needed for effective habitat restoration and protection. Here we used remotely sensed meter‐scale channel bathymetry for a 13.5 km reach of Chinook salmon spawning stream in central Idaho to describe habitat quality and set boundary conditions for a two‐dimensional surface water model coupled with a three‐dimensional hyporheic flux model. Metrics describing ambient hyporheic flow intensity and habitat quality, which is quantified as a function of stream hydraulics and morphology, were compared to the locations of nests built by female salmon. Nest locations were predicted most accurately by habitat quality followed by channel morphology (i.e., riffles location). As a lesser degree than habitat quality, water surface curvature was also a good indicator of spawning location because its intensity can identify riffle morphology. The ambient hyporheic flow predicted at meter‐scale resolution was not a strong predictor of redd site selection. Furthermore, the study suggests direct morphological measurements obtained from easily measured channel bathymetry data could enable effective and rapid assessments of salmon spawning channels across broad areas.


Estimation of basic material consumption in civil engineering is very important in the initial phases of project implementation. Its importance is reflected in the impact of material quantities on forming the prices of individual positions, hence on forming the total cost of construction. The construction companies use the estimate of material quantity, among other things, as a base to make a bid on the market. The precision of the offer, taking into account the overall conditions of the business realization, directly influences the profit that the company can make on a specific project. In the early stages of project implementation, there are not enough available data, especially when it comes to the data needed to estimate material consumption, and therefore, the accuracy of material consumption estimation in the early stages of project realization is smaller. The paper presents the research on the use of artificial intelligence for the estimation of concrete and reinforcement consumption and the selection of optimal models for estimation. The estimation model was developed by using artificial neural networks. The best artificial neural network model showed high accuracy in material consumption estimation expressed as the mean absolute percentage error, 8.56% for concrete consumption estimate and 17.31% for reinforcement consumption estimate.


An electromagnetic hybrid scheme (fluid electrons and gyrokinetic ions) is elaborated in example calculations and extended to toroidal geometry. The scheme includes a kinetic electron closure valid for βe>me/mi (βe is the ratio of the plasma electron pressure to the magnetic field energy density). The new scheme incorporates partially linearized (δf ) drift-kinetic electrons whose pressure and number density moments are used to close the fluid momentum equation for the electron fluid (Ohm's law). The test cases used are small-amplitude kinetic shear-Alfven waves with electron Landau damping, the ion-temperature-gradient instability, and the collisionless drift instability (universal mode) in an unsheared slab as a function of the plasma βe. Attention is given to resolution and convergence issues in simulations of turbulent steady states.


One of the major goals of cosmological observations is to test theories of structure formation. The most straightforward way to carry out such tests is to compute the likelihood function L, the probability of getting the data given the theory. We write down this function for a general galaxy survey. The full likelihood function is very complex, depending on all of the $n$-point functions of the theory under consideration. Even in the simplest case, where only the two point function is non-vanishing (Gaussian perturbations), L cannot be calculated exactly, primarily because of the Poisson nature of the galaxy distribution. Here we expand L about the (trivial) zero correlation limit. As a first application, we take the binned values of the two point function as free parameters and show that L peaks at $(DD - DR + RR)/DD$. Using Monte Carlo techniques, we compare this estimator with the traditional $DD/DR$ and Landy & Szalay estimators. More generally, the success of this expansion should pave the way for further applications of the likelihood function.


In this paper, we propose a new approach for cross-scenario clothing retrieval and fine-grained clothing style recognition. The query clothing photos captured by cameras or other mobile devices are filled with noisy background while the product clothing images online for shopping are usually presented in a pure environment. We tackle this problem by two steps. Firstly, a hierarchical super-pixel merging algorithm based on semantic segmentation is proposed to obtain the intact query clothing item. Secondly, aiming at solving the problem of clothing style recognition in different scenarios, we propose sparse coding based on domain-adaptive dictionary learning to improve the accuracy of the classifier and adaptability of the dictionary. In this way, we obtain fine-grained attributes of the clothing items and use the attributes matching score to re-rank the retrieval results further. The experiment results show that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches. Furthermore, we build a well labeled clothing dataset, where the images are selected from 1.5 billion product clothing images.


Site-specifi c stimuli delivery systems are attractive materials as drug-delivery systems (DDSs) for the treatment of cancer disease in which the ultimate goal is the release of signifi cant amount of drug in selected areas without damaging the surrounding healthy cells. [ 1 ] Therefore, the drug carrier must possess a number of properties such as biocompatibility with a living environment; high loading capacity of the drug; prevention of any premature release, the ability to target specifi c cancer cells, and controlled release. [ 1b , 2 ] In the last decade, a wide variety of DDSs have been explored, based upon dendrimers, hydrogels, liposomes, and inorganic nanoparticles. [ 3 ] However, mesoporous inorganic nanomaterials


Passive immunotherapy has played an essential role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases since Emil von Behring's Nobel Prize–winning work in the 1890s on the use of antiserum raised in horses to treat diphtheria. This work paved the way for use of antiserum to treat tetanus and prevent rabies, and for Rufus Cole's development of type-specific immune serum to treat pneumococcal pneumonia, published in 1913.1 By the mid-20th century, advances in clinical immunology led to the use of immune globulins, comprising primarily immunoglobulin G, harvested from persons with high-titer antibodies to provide postexposure prophylaxis against varicella-zoster virus (varicella-zoster immune globulin), hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B immune globulin), and other viral infections. Convalescent plasma, obtained from individuals who have recovered from a particular viral infection, has been used to varying effect in the treatment of influenza during the 1918 pandemic and for Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome, and COVID-19.2,3 A limitation in the use of convalescent plasma and immune globulin is the need to recruit donors with high-titer neutralizing antibody directed against the pathogen of interest in sufficient numbers to maintain a steady supply. Technological advances now permit the identification and characterization of individual B cells from these donors that produce virusspecific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).4 The immunoglobulin genes of such B cells can be cloned and expressed to produce high-titer neutralizing mAbs. This approach has led to the identification of numerous mAbs with neutralizing activity against the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19. Four of these mAbs (bamlanivimab plus etesevimab and casirivimab plus imdevimab) have received an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of earlystage COVID-19. Preclinical studies showed that intravenous administration of bamlanivimab reduces viral replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract of rhesus macaques in a dosedependent manner.5 Results of the BLAZE-1 study provided preliminary evidence for the antiviral activity and potential clinical benefit of bamlanivimab alone and in combination with etesevimab in outpatients with symptomatic COVID-19.6,7 In this issue of JAMA, the study by Cohen and colleagues8 provides further evidence for the preventive potential of bamlanivimab. The authors report results of a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a single intravenous 4200-mg dose of bamlanivimab for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 among residents and staff of skilled nursing and assisted living facilities in the US. Residents and staff from 74 facilities in which at least 1 confirmed index case of COVID-19 had occurred within the preceding 7 days were eligible if they were aged 18 years or older and had no known history of COVID-19. Nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 testing were obtained at study entry along with blood for SARS-CoV-2 serology. Participants were randomized and dosed prior to availability of baseline test results. Those who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection at entry constituted the prevention population, which included 666 staff and 300 residents (966 total participants); an additional 132 participants with positive nasal swab results and negative serology at baseline were followed up as the treatment population (and according to the authors will be reported on separately). The primary outcome was incidence of COVID-19, defined as detection of SARS-CoV-2 by nasal swab accompanied by mild or worse disease occurring within 21 days of detection and within 8 weeks of randomization. In the overall prevention population, bamlanivimab significantly reduced the incidence of mild or worse COVID-19 compared with placebo (8.5% vs 15.2%, respectively; odds ratio, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.28-0.68); the protective effect was greater in prespecified analyses limited to the resident prevention population (n = 300; 8.8% vs 22.5%; odds ratio, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.08-0.49). A significant reduction in the incidence of mild or worse COVID-19 was not observed when analyzed for the staff (n = 666) in the prevention population (8.4% vs 12.2%; odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.33-1.02). Analysis of key secondary end points showed significant decreases in the incidence of COVID-19 of moderate or worse severity by day 57 (8.3% vs 14.1%; odds ratio, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29-0.73) and the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within 4 weeks of randomization (17.9% vs 23.3%; odds ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.46-0.94) for the bamlanivimab vs control groups. By day 57, there were no COVID-19–related deaths among participants who received bamlanivimab, whereas 5 COVID-19– related deaths occurred among participants in the placebo group (including 1 death in the treatment population). Among those who acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 282), viral loads at the time of the first positive test result were lower in the bamlanivimab group compared with the placebo group (2.44 vs 3.64 log10, respectively). Moreover, by 3 weeks after diagnosis, more participants in the bamlanivimab group than in the placebo group achieved viral clearance (93.0% vs 78.0%, respectively). Adverse events occurred in 20.1% of the bamlanivimab group and 18.9% of the control group, with serious adverse events were reported in 3.7% and 3.2%, respectively. Hypersensitivity reactions occurred in 3 bamlanivimab recipients (0.5%) but no placebo recipients. Related article page 46 Opinion


© 2006 The Authors Journal compilation © 2006 Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia Published by Blackwell Publishing, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA Blackwell Publishing Ltd Oxford, UK EPAT ducational Philosophy and Theory 0013-1857 © 2006 Phi osophy of Education Society of Australasia September 2006 38 4 riginal Article XX The Learning Society from the Perspective of Governmentality


Objective To evaluate the significance and role of ultrasound parameters in the female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods The changes of the distance of bladder neck mobility,posterior urethra-vesical angle,urethral angle and residual urine volume before and after the operation of transobturator tension-free vaginal tape surgery (TVT-O) for 46 cases of female SUI (experimental group ) by ultrasound were studied,and compared with 43 normal women (control group). Results The experimental group before the operation had the greater distance of bladder neck mobility and posterior urethra-vesical angle [(14.46 ± 1.28) mm, (124.87 ±2.95)°] than the control group [(7.47 ±0.55) mm, (107.83 ±3.24)°] (P < 0.01 ), but the urethral angle [( 23.61 ± 2.28 )°] was smaller than the control group [(36.24 ±2.23 )°] (P < 0.01 ). There was no significant difference in the distance of bladder neck mobility, posterior urethra-vesical angle, urethral angle and residual urine volume between the experimental group after the operation and the control group (P > 0.05 ). The experimental group before the operation had the greater distance of bladder neck mobility and posterior urethra-vesieal angle than those after the operation [(7.84±0.76) mm, (108.74±3.63)°] (P <0.01), the urethral angle was smaller than that after the operation [(34.39 ± 3.46)°] (P < 0.01 ), but the residual urine volume had no significant difference (P > 0.05 ).Conclusions After the operation, there are some changes in the distance of bladder neck mobility, posterior urethra-vesical angle and urethral angle for the patients with female SUI,and these parameters can be restored the normal state,and have the relatively stable effect. The residual urine volume dosen't increase after the operation. Ultrasound has the advantage in objectively assessing the severity and recovery status after the operation exclusion of mental and psychological factors.

Key words:
Urinary incontinence,stress; Ultrasonography; Therapy


Objective
To understand expression of ROS/Trx-1 feedback loop that induced by hypoxia and their effects on the invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells.

Methods
CAL33 and HSC6 cells (two cell lines of OSCC) were cultured under the normoxic and hypoxic condition. Then the expression of ROS and Trx-1 were detected by 2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluoresceindiacetate (DCFH-DA) assay and Western blot, respectively. Subsequently, the ROS level was tested after specially inhibiting the Trx-1 expression. The results were analyzed with student-t test. Transwell assays were used to investigate the invasion ability of OSCC cells under different conditions. The results were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA.

Results
The ROS level of CAL33 and HSC6 cells induced by hypoxia quickly increased and reached a peak at 6 h, with 1.52 ± 0.08 and 1.81 ± 0.11 folds of their respective control, and then slowly went down after 12 h. On the other hand, the protein level of Trx-1 was gradually increased until 24 h (PCAL33 = 0.002, PHSC6 = 0.0001) . The ROS level recovered and maintained at a relatively high level when incubating CAL33 and HSC6 cells with PX-12 for 24 h, up to 2.78 ± 0.26 and 7.29 ± 0.83 folds of their control (t= 13.4, P= 0.0001) . The hypoxia significantly promoted invasion ability of CAL33 and HSC6 cells compared with the normoxia (P = 0.001) . The invasion numbers of CAL33 and HSC6 cells were reduced in the presence of PX-12 under hypoxia. However, pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC could markedly reduce the inhibitive effect of PX-12 on invasion (F= 137.66, P= 0.0001) .

Conclusions
The expression differences between ROS and Trx-1 enhance the invasion of OSCC cells. Specially inhibition of Trx-1 suppresses the OSCC cells invasion in ROS-dependent manner under hypoxia.

Key words:
Thioredoxins; Carcinoma, squamous cell; Neoplasm invasiveness; Reactive oxygen species; Hypoxia


An interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor driven by a voltage source inverter is analyzed using the three-dimensional finite element method (3-D FEM) on the PC cluster composed of 16 PCs. The effects of the carrier harmonics on the current, the torque and the loss are numerically clarified. The validity of the calculation is clarified though the comparison between the measured results and the calculated ones.


The microwave plasma system operates at various ranges of frequencies including 0.896, 2.45, and 10 GHz, and uses a waveguide-based applicator to generate a microwave plasma jet (MPJ) at atmospheric pressure. The plasma is formed outside the cavity due to the strong electric field, generated by the microwave power, which occurs between the gas nozzle and an aperture in the applicator. The MPJ system has produced plasmas using a variety of gases and gas mixtures, including argon, helium, oxygen, and nitrogen. The MPJ has been used successfully for various materials processing including welding, cutting, and production of fibers from high-melting temperature materials, such as ceramic.


'Civil society', 'the market' and 'democracy' are the conceptual 'good guys' that dominate current Western thinking about China's present and future in the social, economic and political realms respectively. Though these ideas are often used in imprecise and tendentious ways, they have considerable analytical and practical power; they reflect real processes and point toward real solutions. This paper sets out to examine how useful the notion of 'civil society' is in describing and explaining social change in contemporary Chinese society. I shall proceed, flrst, by clarifying the specific way in which I intend to use the term 'civil society' and, second, by investigating the empirical utility of the idea through a case-study of one Chinese city.


Solar energy photovoltaic is a new generation technology, which directly converts solar energy into electric power. The paper introduces the current application of home and aboard of solar energy photovoltaic system with the composition parts, the classification ,the advantages and the disadvantages. The 1MW PV system has been installed in QianWei village ,ChongMing country in Shanghai. The design and the construction of the project are highlighted , the suggestion that aimed at the main problems during the process of the installation are proposed.


The densities and the viscosities of benzene-1,3-diol in different solvents of water, ethanol, propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol have been determined under atmospheric pressure and at T = (293.15 to 333.15) K over the mole fraction ranging from 0.0400 to 0.2000 for benzene-1,3-diol + water and 0.0700 to 0.3500 for benzene-1,3-diol + ethanol, propan-1-ol, and butan-1-ol. The measured densities of benzene-1,3-diol solutions showed a good linear relation to the temperature or to the molar concentration, whereas the viscosities of benzene-1,3-diol solutions displayed a nonlinear relation to the temperature or to the molar concentration. The experimental data of densities and viscosities of benzene-1,3-diol solutions were fitted respectively using Gonzales equation and the extended Jones-Dole equation.


Nuclear facilities are operated according to very strict safety standards compared to other industrial facilities because they are special facilities that can cause massive damage in case of fire. In this paper, CFAST (Consolidated Fire and Smoke Transport model), one of the fire analysis programs, is used to evaluate the safety of nuclear power plants by assuming a fire due to temporary combustibles in the maintenance facilities installed in nuclear power plants. Fire simulation was performed based on NUREG-1934 and NUREG / CR-6850. As a result, damage of cables due to fire was evaluated by analyzing hot gas layer height, temperature, radiant heat and so on. This will provide information for securing the safety of nuclear power plants.


PURPOSE: A slim frame system for a solar cell is provided to remarkably reduce the manufacturing cost of a solar power generation facility by being firmly structured and arranging a supporting rod structure for a solar power generation facility, which is widely built nowadays, in a low cost. CONSTITUTION: A deferment frame structure(100) comprises a first deferment frame structure, a second deferment frame structure, and a third deferment frame structure to defer a side of the edge of a solar cell slim frame(10) with a certain size. A fixing clip is located in the upper center of the frame deferment structure and includes a rubber packing for clinching and oppressing the solar cell slim frame with a clip type. A plurality of first fixing means(300) oppresses and fixes a side of the edge of a solar cell slim frame, which is deferred at a steel member, with the fixing clip and is fixed in a angular type femoral canal which is formed with one or more width 40mm × length 40mms and 2.3t of thickness consisting of a integrated solar cell system.