Abstract Dengue Haemoragic Fever (DHF) was still a public health problem in Demak District, Central Java. In the year of 2012, there were 483 DHF cases and 6 of them were died. Based on those cases, there was no clear information how those cases spread related to environmental and demographic factor. This research aimed to do spatial analysis of DHF incidence then it was related to House Index (HI), Container Index (CI), and the density of houses and occupant. It was an observational research using survey method. This Research took 150 samples of DHF cases. The site of DHF incidence was identified using Geographic Positioning System (GPS) device, to gained its coordinat. Environmental and demographic data was collected based on secondary information from District Health Office of Demak. The colected data would be analyzed spatially using ArcView GIS software. This research showed that there was no association between environmental factors (HI, CI) with the Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF (p-value 0,05). Meskipun demikian, nilai rata-rata HI dan CI di Kabupaten Demak sebesar 13,17% dan 7,08%. Kondisi ini berpotensi terjadi penularan DBD yang tinggi di masyarakat. Hasil analisis spasial menunjukan bahwa sebaran kasus DBD terbanyak terjadi di Kecamatan Mranggen dengan pola sebaran merata di seluruh desa. Ada kecenderungan semakin tinggi kepadatan penduduk dan kepadatan rumah semakin tinggi pula IR DBD (p-value < 0,05). Kata kunci: analisis spasial DBD, faktor lingkungan, Kabupaten Demak


Purpose. To study of the impact of winter wheat seed cultivation technologies on the yield of conditioned seeds.
Methods. Laboratory, mathematical, and statistical.
Results. It was established that the 1000 kernel weight varied as affected by the varietal characteristics and the seed cultivation technology. Under the basic cultivation technology, the 1000 kernel weight of all varieties was significantly lower compared to other technologies. Along with the 1000 kernel weight, the fractional composition of seeds, which also affects the yield of conditioned seeds, is of great importance for the cultivation of seed material. The fractional composition of the seeds was affected both by a maturity group of the varieties and a cultivation technology. On average, over the years of research, the content of seeds of the large fraction (2.5–2.8 mm) of the varieties of the medium-early ripeness group was greater for all cultivation technologies due to a decrease in the number of small seeds (2.0–2.2 mm) and seeds of the medium fraction (2.2–2.5 mm) compared to medium-ripe varieties. The fractional composition of the seeds changed under the effect of the cultivation technology. The largest percentage of the large seed fraction (73.6–75.6%) and the smallest (4.4–5.6%) of the small fraction was obtained under an energy-rich technology with elements of biologization of the cultivation. The yield of conditioned seeds depended on varietal characteristics and the technology of its cultivation. On average, in the varieties of the medium-early ripening group, for the basic technology, it was 78%, for the energy-consuming technology it was higher by 8%, and for the energy-consuming technology with elements of biologization it was the highest and increased by 12%.
Conclusions. The 1000 kernel weight and the fractional composition of seeds is affected both by the varietal characteristics and the cultivation technology. These indicators were significantly higher under energy-consuming technology with the elements of biologization of cultivation, where a balanced complex of biologically active substances was applied for plant nutrition and protection.


BACKGROUND
The optimal treatment after inducing complete remission (CR) in dogs with lymphoma has not been established.

HYPOTHESIS
After inducing CR with L-asparaginase, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone (L-CHOP); consolidation with either half-body radiation therapy (HBRT); or lomustine (CCNU) and mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone (MOPP) would improve first remission duration compared with continuing a CHOP-based protocol for an additional 4 months.

ANIMALS
Dogs with stage III-V lymphoma.

METHODS
Prospective clinical trial in which dogs initially were treated with an 8-week induction protocol that consisted of L-CHOP. Dogs in CR after induction were then allocated to 1 of 2 consolidation arms. A chemotherapy consolidation arm consisted of 2 treatments with CCNU and 1 cycle of MOPP. A HBRT arm consisted of 2 sequential 8.0-Gy fractions to the cranial and caudal half-body separated by 30 days. Vincristine was given between fractions. Results of the consolidation arms also were compared with a historical group treated with the same 8-week induction protocol followed by CHOP therapy until week 24.

RESULTS
Overall, 67% of the dogs were in CR after 8 weeks of induction chemotherapy and were compared. Fifty-two dogs were in the historical arm, 23 in the CCNU/MOPP arm, and 27 in the HBRT arm. No difference in first remission duration was found among groups. Median first remission duration for the historical, CCNU/MOPP, and HBRT arms were 307, 274, and 209 days, respectively (P = .28). Overall second CR rate was 82% and was not different among groups (all P > or = .58). Overall remission duration (P = .28) and survival time (P = .48) were not different among groups.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Consolidation with either CCNU/MOPP or HBRT showed no advantage over a standard CHOP-based protocol.


Near-real time QuikSCAT image products are evaluated for ice mapping from the perspective of the Canadian Ice Services Operational Environment.


In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection still produces 800,000 deaths and 1.2 million new infections per year. People living with HIV (PLWH) are vulnerable to several co-morbidities and co-infections, due to depletion of CD4+T cells and other incompletely characterized immune disturbances. To address the mechanisms involved, lung mRNAs from humanized mice co-infected with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) were screened. Macrophage Galactose-type Lectin (MGL) was differentially regulated in co-infected animals. When MGL protein was quantified in biobanked frozen human lung specimens from 47 HIV-infected decedents, it was lower in the lung specimens with actively replicating HIV-1, as compared to those lacking detectable viral load. Lung MGL levels were negatively correlated with HIV RNA copies in the lung, and in the spleen, which is a key lymphoid organ that influences systemic immunity. Peripheral blood leukocytes from HIV infected patients showed that MGL activation was abnormal in those cells; comparable results were obtained in cultured HIV-infected macrophages. Molecular silencing of MGL in human monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro produced increased growth of Mtb, suggesting that lower MGL expression in PLWH could compromise their innate immunity to opportunistic pathogens such as Mtb. Macrophage MGL is a novel target to elucidate how HIV infection disrupts innate immunity and increases vulnerability to tuberculosis.


This paper focuses on wideband Doppler-sensitive nonuniform frequency comb signals for sonar. Cramér–Rao bounds are derived for joint estimation of target range and velocity for comb signals with arbitrary frequency distribution in a fading channel with noise. Performance of matched filtering, rank-enhanced spectral smoothing, and maximum-likelihood-based estimation techniques is compared to the bounds for a nonuniform coprime comb signal. Bounds for coprime and uniform combs are compared exposing how bandwidth extent and tone count impact performance.


Disclosed is a process for separating 11-cyanoundecanoic acid, cyclohexanone and epsilon -caprolactam from a pyrolysis product obtained by pyrolyzing 1,1'-peroxydicyclohexylamine in the presence of steam at a temperature of 300 DEG to 1,000 DEG C. The pyrolysis product is first contacted with a mixture comprised of aqueous ammonia and at least one organic solvent selected from benzene, toluene and xylene, and the so prepared liquid is separated into the oily layer and the aqueous layer. On one hand, the oily layer is distilled to separate cyclohexanone therefrom. On the other hand, the aqueous layer is acidified to a pH of below 4.0 by adding thereto a mineral acid and maintained at a temperature of 40 DEG to 100 DEG C. to separate crude 11-cyanoundecanoic acid in molten form from the aqueous layer, and then, the separated crude molten 11-cyanoundecanoic acid is washed with hot water to extract epsilon -caprolactam therefrom.


This paper, the fifth of a related series, describes the routine application of a rapid, high-precision procedure and a high resolution spectrograph to the isotopic analysis of uranium. The procedure, which evolved from the development described in previous papers of this series, includes a simple sample preparation and a hollow cathode source designed for rapid sample changing. The procedure also involves a high degree of automation and eliminates the reference measurement and background correction The precision at the level of naturally occurring uranium (0.7115% U235) measured under routine conditions, is ±2.1% of the amount present for a single cathode determination expressed at the 95% confidence interval. In the vicinity of 90% U235 the precision is 0 07% of the amount present for a single cathode determination. Approximately 7½ min is required for a determination, including sample preparation, measurement, and calculations The maximum capacity of the instrument is over 60 samples per 8 hr day, the instrument is presently applied to a routine load varying from 20 to 5 0 samples per day. In addition to the U235 determination, a preliminary calibration and evaluation for U236 is included


The genus Sideritis, belonging to the Labiateae family, is represented by more than 150 species distributed mainly in the Mediterranean regions. Member of the genus have been used as beverages, flavorings, and medication. We aimed to shed light on the antioxidant potential of the essential oil of Sideritis rubriflora Hub.-Mor. In this study, antioxidant capacity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, CUPRAC and FRAP, phosphomolibdenum assay, and metal chelating activity) of essential oil of S. rubriflora was investigated with colorimetric methods. Also, essential oil composition of the plant was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). 48 components, representing 95.4% of essential oil of S. rubriflora were identified. β-pinene (10.7%) and Germacrene D (10.7%) were the main constituents of the essential oil. Generally, essential oil of S. rubriflora has shown moderate free radical, reducing power, metal chelating. The reported results supported that the possible use of essential oil of S. rubriflora is a source of natural agents for phytopharmaceutical applications.


Road traffic injuries (RTI) have become a leading cause for admissions at Luang Namtha Provincial Hospital (LNPH) in rapidly developing northern Laos. Objectives were to investigate trends, risk factors and better estimates of RTI.


The invention discloses a method for processing an automobile rear torsion beam on a horizontal boring machine to solve the problem that the automobile rear torsion beam is required to be processed on special equipment or a five-axle processing center. The method is characterized in that: a boring cutter is changed into a disc milling cutter, and a space angle to be processed is synthesized by using a rotary table of the horizontal boring machine and a tool angle, so that the outer sides of hub supports on two sides of the automobile rear torsion beam are processed. By organically combining the ingenious design of a tool and the functions of a cutter and the rotary table of the boring machine, the space angle machining of the automobile rear torsion beam is finished on a common horizontalboring machine. By using the method, the investment pressure of early-stage sample piece processing can be reduced, the equipment purchasing cycle can be shortened, and the demand of the sample pieceprocessing can be met. The method is also suitable for the small scale production of the automobile rear torsion beam products.


This paper discusses how digital technologies modify the social relations of an old age group, within the academic space and in daily life – based on the relationship between body, media and ageing. In the Federal University of Paraiba (UFPB), some students of the French Course of the Nucleo Integrado de Estudos e Pesquisas da Terceira Idade (NIETI –Integrated Center for Old Age Studies and Research) were taken up for study. One sought to understand their demands and complexities for a reframe, concerning to old age nowadays. As a methodological approach, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were used. Regarding to the theoretical framework, this study interacts with authors fromsociology, anthropology, communication and education, such as Campelo (1996), Buckingham (2010), Stepansky (2012), Martin Barbero (2014) and Longhi (2018). As a conclusion, digital technologies modify the social practices of the old age, and become pedagogies in the process of affective relationships, in yearnings for interaction with other groups, and in the search for belonging to an educational space.


Different highway slope slips are monitored by different methods,understand local geologic formation situation,collect relative data,and propose and formulate reasonable disaster prevention and relief measures according to slope slip prevention and treatment policy to efficiently avoid and reduce unnecessary economic losses.


Low-frequency Raman spectra of LiNbO 3 are studied at temperatures far below of the ferroelectric phase transition. Nevertheless, the central peak is well observed in the spectra. It has been shown that this central peak is inherent property of crystal. The central peak found in the Raman spectra reveals a relaxation which is different from the relaxational part of a soft mode. Experimental features of the central peak are similar to ones in glasses caused by so-called fast relaxation. Interrelation of the central peak and acoustic attenuation is demonstrated.


In her writing,Wang Anyi exposes such modern dilemma as confrontation between urban areas and rural areas,loss of homeland,manipu1ation of politics,passage of time,illusory love and lost rootness.Confronted with the plight,Wang Anyi does confirm man's initiative and builds a"spiritual tower" for idealism rather than escapes quietly.


Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but fatal demyelinating disease of the brain caused by the JC papovavirus (JCV), affecting mainly immunocompromised patients. Recently, an association between PML and the application of rituximab after autologous stem cell transplantation (S


This paper demonstrates second harmonic generation microscopy using an ultrashort pulse laser can be used to three-dimensionally image and determine the volume of fluid inclusions of arbitrary shape. Because of the phase matching conditions in a tightly focused beam, second harmonic light is only generated at the quartz-fluid inclusion interface, directly providing an image of the inclusion walls. A of a fluid inclusion reconstructed from a second harmonic generation image stack is reported.


THE FOLLOWING ACCOUNT of a visit to Howland Island in 1854 is an abridged fragment of a communication from a Mr. Stetson addressed to my grandfather and his half brother, partners in the firm of George and Mathew Howland of New Bedford. Unfortunately all information concerning Mr. Stetson, even his initials, is lost to us. Indeed the original of .his manuscript has disappeared, in all likelihood having been destroyed with other records of the United States Guano Company when my grandfather's counting house in the "Candle Works," Hillman Street, was cleaned out between 1884 and 1886, soon after his death. My uncle, the late Mathew Morris Howland of Jacksonville, Florida, made a copy of the part of Stetson's report which I assume he, in going over his father's papers in the counting house, thought he would like to preserve for future reference, and that copy is reproduced in part here. Such is the history of the Stetson report so far as I know it. I will add that my uncle Morris Howland and I were for many years after my grandfather's death affectionate relatives and good companions, with added bonds of sympathy, a love of the sea, retentive memories, and a deep interest in the history of the Howland family. The Stetson report, and the man himself, were frequently the subjects of conversation when we were on outdoor expeditions or otherwise together; so that I am willin'g to bet my head against a football that the report is authentic excepting the detail of the. name of the ship and


Facing at the engine damage accident causing by scavenge box firing of the main engine of a ship,various factors leading to the fire were analyzed.Some preventive measures were set forth such as keeping good atomization in the fuel injector,keeping higher scavenging pressure in the diesel,tracking the operation condition of the main engine,standardizing the emergent operational procedure and so on.


Dengue is the most important human viral disease transmitted by arthropod vectors
and over half of the world's population live in areas at risk of infection. Currently there
is neither specific treatment nor vaccine to tackle this emerging disease. The work
described in this thesis has been conducted at the Novartis Institute for Tropical
Diseases (NITD) which aims to find small molecule inhibitors for dengue. In keeping
with the goals of the institute, the aim of this thesis was to identify viral and host
factors that are important for dengue replication and pathogenesis.
Chapter 1 of this thesis describes the features of dengue disease and reviews the
molecular studies of the causative organism- the dengue virus. It also lists out the
multifaceted efforts to control dengue and the need to gain comprehensive knowledge
of the viral and host factors that influence replication of the dengue virus.
Of the seven non structural proteins described for dengue, the roles of only NS5 and
NS3 have been fully explored. Chapter 2 details the characterisation of NS4B, a small
non structural protein of dengue, whose role in dengue replication was previously
unexplored. A physical interaction was identified between NS4B and the helicase
domain of NS3 using the yeast two-hybrid assay. This interaction was further
confirmed by biochemical pull down and immuno-precipitation assays, both with
purified proteins and with dengue virus infected cell lysates. Furthermore, NS4B
dissociated NS3 from single stranded RNA and consequently enhanced the helicase
activity of NS3 in an in vitro unwinding assay. A single amino acid mutation in NS4B
(Hanley et al., 2003) that abolished its interaction with NS3 altered the viral
replication. In addition, NS4B co-localized with NS3 in the peri-nuclear region of
infected human cells suggesting the in vivo significance of this interaction. These results
suggest that NS4B modulates dengue replication via its interaction with NS3.
Severe dengue has long been speculated to be a result of a complex combination of
viral, epidemiological and host factors in the context of a secondary infection. Chapter
3 unveils for the first time, a role for viral genomic variations in dengue pathogenesis

via modulation of the response to type I IFN. A strain-dependent difference was
detected in gene expression levels of the type I interferon response pathway between
two closely related DEN2 strains NGC and TSV01. Activation of type I anti viral
responses such as PKR, OAS, ADAR and Mx, were prevalent in infection with TSV01
but not NGC. Biochemical dissection further revealed that NGC but not TSV01
suppressed STAT-1 activation in response to type I IFN but these two strains did not
differ in their response to type II IFN. An extension of this study to low passage clinical
isolates of various serotypes indicated that this ability to suppress IFN response is
independent of serotype as well as viral load. Furthermore, the inability of one such
clinical isolate SG 167 (isolated during a recent dengue outbreak which was relatively
mild with very few severe dengue cases) to suppress IFN response indicated that type I
IFN response could be a prime factor that determines the clinical outcome to dengue
infection.
Virus-induced apoptosis mediated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) is
hypothesized to be a crucial pathogenic event in dengue infection. Chapter 4 of this
thesis is one of the first reports on the initial events in dengue infection mediated UPR.
Phosphorylation of EIF2α was induced in dengue infection but simultaneously, the
expression of GADD34 (which dephosphorylates EIF2α) was also enhanced. An
inhibitor of GADD34 reduced dengue replication in infected cells indicating that this
viral "compensatory" event is required for viral survival. Both the XBP1 and ATF6
pathways of the UPR were also activated by dengue infection. In addition, modulation
of the EIF2α and the XBP1 pathways altered dengue replication indicating that UPR
pathway components affect the outcome of infection.
Chapter 5 summarizes the conclusions from these studies and discusses some of the
future work that can arise from these results. Finally, it is hoped that knowledge gained
in this thesis will expedite the quest for an anti-dengue drug.


Three series are distinguished in the Precambrian of central Cameroun--the basal complex, the Poli series, and the Mangbei formation. Discordant plutonic formations are associated with each, and three intrusive cycles are distinguished. The three series are tentatively correlated with the Precambrian formations of French West Africa, with which they exhibit striking analogies.


The aim of this study was to determine the duration of pregnancy in the Creole cattle breed Costeno con Cuernos and establish whether factors such as the sex of the calf or order delivery could intervene in the duration of this period. A retrospective study was conducted in a herd of females of Center for Agricultural Research, Turipana, Cerete, Colombia. It was considered as length of gestation, the interval between the date of effective service and date of delivery time. The period considered was between the years 1969 and 1988. The overall average length of gestation of 184 cases was 288.6 ± 5.7 days. Calf sex influenced (p <0.05) on the length of gestation, and was longer lasting when it was male, when was female (290 ± 288 ± 5.2 vs. 6.0). Cows were arranged according to the number of labor into three groups: group I (one and two deliveries), group II (three and four deliveries) and group III (5 or more deliveries). It was found that the sex of the fetus was a cause of variation in the length of gestation of cows Costeno con Cuernos (p <0.05) among the cows in groups I and II, and between group II and III.


Abstract : The object of this research project was to investigate new vapor phase chemiluminescent reactions between alkali atoms and halide molecules in order to discover promising candidates for short-wavelength chemical lasers. Many reactions were studied and several of these were found to produce visible emission from electronically excited molecules. Five of these reactions produced molecules that had either vibrationally inverted populations in the excited state or had transitions to high lying vibrational levels of the ground state, making them potential chemical laser candidates.


A preliminary analysis is reported of the current and forecast use of the Staten Island bridges, and several key conclusions drawn from the analysis are presented. The highway context and growth history of the Staten Island bridges are discussed, as well as their functional adequacy for goods movement, and capacity concerns. Bridge use patterns are outlined, and the economic/demographic context of the bridge system are discussed. The Fratar method to forecast future trip volume is described. It is noted that the forces behind the vigorous growth in the use of the bridges are strong and will continue. The bridges, which are vital links in the supply line serving the Island, Brooklyn, and the Queens economies, are functionally inadequate to easily handle the growing stream of longer, wider trucks in the presence of increased vehicular traffic. The two Staten Island bridges are forecast to have demand in excess of capacity. This will result in a variable range of significant delays. The study emphasizes the importance of maintaining and improving interstate connections in this part of the New York/New Jersey metropolitan region.


Objective:A convenient RP-HPLC method was developed for measuring the concentration of lansoprazole in human plasma.Method:Chromatography was carried out on a Kromail C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)with methanol-water(70∶45)as mobile phase,at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1 and the detection wavelength was set at 284 nm.Results:The linearity range of lansoprazole was 2.0-300.0 ng·mL-1,the lowest limit of quantification was 2.0 ng·mL-1,the regressive equation was A=2.802×103C-8.224×103,r=0.9997(the weight factor was 1/c2×106).Conclusions:The method is shown to be convenient,accurate,rapid and suitable for determination of lansoprazole in human plasma and the studies on clinical pharmacokinetics.


A cold relic axion condensate resulting from vacuum misalignment in the early universe oscillates with a frequency m, where m is the axion mass. We determine the properties of photons propagating in a simplified version of such a background where the sinusoidal variation is replaced by a square wave profile. We prove that previous results that indicated that charged particles moving fast in such a background radiate, originally derived assuming that all momenta involved were much larger than m, hold for long wavelengths too. We also analyze in detail how the introduction of a magnetic field changes the properties of photon propagation in such a medium. We briefly comment on possible astrophysical implications of these results.


Predicting failures in Hard Disk Drives (HDD) is a major challenge that has been faced by both industry and academy in recent years. Being able to predict failure events may incur in avoiding data losses and also improve service availability. Among all failure prediction strategies, the health degree prediction is one of the most popular. The task of health degree prediction consists of, given a finite set of health states that are related to the degradation of the equipment, estimate which state reflects the actual degradation of the equipment. This problem is usually modeled as a classification task. Although many health degree prediction methods have been proposed, some practical details regarding this prediction task have been neglected in previous works. In this work we tackle two of these aspects: the ordinal nature of the problem and the different costs associated with miss-classifications. The problem can be considered as ordinal since classifying a HDD in a health level that is far from is true health level shall be more penalized than classifying in a near health level, thus a classical classification framework is not recommended. The different costs associated with mis-classifications are related to the fact that early predictions are preferred than late prediction since the later can result in failures. Such aspects are considered in a framework based on Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (DRNN). The choice of DRNN is given its remarkable performances in many applications including HDDs failure prediction. The resulting methods outperformed state-of-the-art approaches in a metric that consider the new aspects that motivated our proposal.


institutional transformation as it relates to institutional culture. The discussion of organizational culture's importance in institutional transformation is organized around three primary aspects of the change process: (1) readiness and responsiveness; (2) resistance to change; and (3) results of the transformation. Transformation alters the culture of the institution by changing select underlying assumptions and institutional behaviors, processes, and products. At the same time, organizational culture and cultural change can be used as a means of preparing an environment for transformation, a yardstick for assessing whether or not a transformational change has actually taken place, and a means of achieving the desired results of an innovation. The success of any transformational effort may depend on the extent to which practitioners are able to address issues of institutional culture in their strategic planning. (Contains 16 references.) (SLD) The purpose of the digest is to review the research on Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 2001 ERIC@-HE Digest Series EDO-HE-2001-04 The George Washington University Department of Education Organizational Culture *and Institutional Transformation By Jennifer R. Keup, Arianne A. Walker, Helen S. Astin, and Jennifer A. Lindholrn \ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. I / CENTER (ERIC)


To understand Chinese tradition, it is necessary to clarify the creative process of change as a category of interaction between complementary opposites. In the absence of Western dualistic concept, China has developed a correlative way of thinking about the world. This conception plays an important role in the consideration of the legal culture of China. Unfortunately, often the basis for the analysis of Chinese tradition, culture, and politics lacks this correlative Chinese thinking. Correlative way of thinking based on continuity through change formed not only Chinese philosophy, but also is still forming Chinese reality.


This paper describes the influences of the glass content and the environmental temperature on the static behavior of glass fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) subjected to compressive load in the direction perpendicular to the laminated layers. (See Fig. 1 (b))Although several papers were reported associated with the compressive strength of FRP laminated materials, in most case, most of the studies have been confined to the compressive stress in the parallel direction of the laminated layers and few papers are reported regarding the compressive stress in the perpendicular direction (the case shown in Fig. 1 (b)).A method developed for the theoretical analysis of anisotropic laminated materials was applied to the latter.


Changes in lumbar lordosis while sitting can result in compensatory adjustments in the cervical spine to maintain the orientation of the head, which have the potential to impact the spinal loading.[2] However, little is known of how the curvature and motion of the lumbar region correlates with the adjacent thoracic region while seated. Although the thoracic and lumbar regions have the potential to move independently and, therefore, respond to postural changes differently, we hypothesized that the curvatures of the thoracic and lumbar spine in the sagittal plane would be coupled during sustained, unsupported sitting.


This paper provides an overview of contemporary health care challenges that include changing population demographics, communicable and non-communicable diseases and disasters. Directions for sustainable and affordable health care systems that prioritise preventative approaches to health care are presented. The pivotal position of nurses supporting the achievement of goals and targets set by the World Health Organization, Governments and health care authorities globally are examined. Nurses' roles in promoting health and wellbeing of individuals, groups, communities and whole populations that facilitate equitable access to health care at all levels and prevent unnecessary hospitalization are portrayed. Finally, the preparedness for nurses to support the primary health care agenda is discussed and recommendations offered to strengthen their involvement.


The utility model discloses a water energy lifting device, which comprises a vane shaft with vanes, wherein the vane shaft is a crank shaft. The other end of the crank shaft is provided with a bearing supporting seat; bell cranks of the crank shaft are respectively hinged with a piston rod of a piston cylinder. The utility model has the advantage that the lifting device utilizes the self kinetic energy of flowing water in rivers to distill water quantity. When in use, the device is put under river water; water pushes the vanes to drive the crank shaft to rotate in flowing process; the rotation of the crank shaft drives the piston rod to move in a reciprocating mode. Thus, water in rivers enters the cylinder from a water suction port of the piston cylinder, and is lifted out of water surface via a water outlet of the piston cylinder and a pipeline communicated with the water outlet under the action of a piston; consequently, the purpose of energy saving is realized.


This research focuses on methods to reduce injuries, specifically in the head and neck region, sustained by children seated in forward facing child restraint system during a vehicle crash. Three standardized experimental tests were considered in this research for the purpose of model validation and to quantify the injury potential sustained by children in a crash: (i) frontal dynamic sled tests were completed in accordance with FMVSS 213 using a Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy in a five point restraint system, (ii) full frontal vehicle crash test was completed in accordance with the CMVSS 208 with a Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy, seated behind the passenger seat, restrained in five-point restraint system, and (iii) side impact dynamic sled tests in the presence of a rigid wall and absence of a vehicle body (near side configuration) were conducted by NHTSAusing a Hybrid III 3-year-old child dummy seated in a convertible forward/rearward child safety seat. A finite element model of the child restraint seat was developed utilizing CAD data provided by Century/Graco Corporation. Material tests were conducted to obtain the nonlinear material properties of the CRS polypropylene, child seatbelt webbing, and polymeric foams. Numerical simulations were conducted using LS-DYNA, and the simulation results of the frontal and side impact tests were observed to be in a good agreement to the experimental findings. An average percentage error of approximately 20 percent was observed between the numerical and experimental data. Different countermeasures were investigated to mitigate the head and neck injury potential in frontal and side impact crashes. These methods involved numerical studies utilizing a Hybrid III 3-year-old dummy, Q3/Q3s dummies and a child FE model. Load limiting behaviour into the upper tether and lower LATCH anchors of the CRS in order to reduce the neck injury criteria by increasing forward head excursion in a frontal crash was first examined. It was observed that the implementation of load limiting behaviour in the CRS tethers was effective in reducing the head and neck injury criteria by approximately 60 percent and 35 percent respectively. Secondly, a head and neck restraining device was developed to limit the amount of neck rotation in the dummy's head. A reduction of approximately 50 to 60 percent was observed in the head and neck


Red Blood cells (Erythrocytes) have an inherited combination of proteins, glycol-proteins, and glycol-lipids on their surfaces. These function as antigens that enable our immune system to distinguish our own cells from foreign invaders. Part of the immune response is the production of globulins called antibodies to combat the invader. In blood typing, the antigens of Red Blood Cell surfaces are also called agglutinogens because they are partially responsible for Red Blood Cell agglutination in mismatched transfusions.A blood sample was taken from the voluntary students of Dilla University. There are differences in frequency distribution of the blood group (ABO) among the ethnic groups and administrate of the students at Dilla University. The most prevalent blood group was type O (44.49 %) followed by A (26.32 %), B (26.32 %), and AB (2.87 %). The most prevalent Rh-positive blood group among students were type O+ (41.94 %) followed by A+ (31.72 %), B+ (26.34 %), and AB+ (2.15 %) as well as the highest Rh-negative blood groups among students were type O- (65.22 %) followed by B- (26.08%), AB- (26.34 %), and no A- blood group. Therefore, the blood type and group of Dilla University students was varies across the ethnic groups.


Vehicles are part of people's life in modern society, into which more and more high-tech devices are integrated. A common platform for inter-vehicle communication is necessary to realize an intelligent transportation system supporting safe driving, dynamic route scheduling, emergency message dissemination, traffic condition monitoring, etc. TrafficView, which is a part of the e-Road project, defines a framework to disseminate and gather information about the vehicles on the road. Using such a system will provide a vehicle driver with road traffic information, which helps driving in situations as foggy weather, or finding an optimal route in a trip several miles long. The demo will demonstrate how TrafficView displays the traffic information even in situations where the cars ahead of a certain car are not physically visible from that car. The demo will consists of two parts: 1) A number of movies that show, in parallel, the cars on the road and the information displayed by TrafficView in one of those cars. 2) An emulation of the same traffic scenarios using HP iPAQs that will represent the computers embedded in cars. Each iPAQ will display the information corresponding to one car. TrafficView will be adapted to work indoors.


The article wishes to present the evolutions registered through the Lisbon Treaty in the ESDP field and the constraints that involved in creating an European Union's army. The first part of the article is about the development of the comunitarization of ESDP through the stipulations of the Lisbon Treaty and about what this policy exactly implies (organization, implication, missions) in comparison with NATO. In the second part of the article the reasons why an European Union's army can not be created are identified. The reasons are external, internal, concerning the member states and the nature of the European Union as an international organization, and, also, there are historical reasons.


In this talk distributed even triggered control algorithms will be presented for output consensus of heterogeneous multi agent systems with general linear dynamics, with the objective to reduce the number of controller updates and communication exchanges. It is shown that the output consensus problem can be solved by the proposed event triggered control algorithms if a necessary and sufficient condition is satisfied. Then a self triggered control scheme is also developed, where continuous monitoring of measurement errors can be avoided. The feasibility of both proposed control schemes is discussed by excluding Zeno behavior. It is also shown that agents are able to achieve output consensus with significant reduction of the number of triggering events, controller updates and communication transmission. As a result, energy can be saved and the lifespan of the agents can be prolonged. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.


We report a flexible energy harvesting circuit fabricated by roll-to-roll compatible, solution-processable methods. The circuit incorporates a supercapacitor fabricated from a viscous carbon nanotube dispersion, printed Schottky diodes, and a piezoelectric element. Used low-temperature materials enabled component integration on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate. The supercapacitor was built with a paper separator and an aqueous NaCl electrolyte. Together with carbon-based electrodes, these materials translated into a disposable and environmentally safe electronic device. The energy harvested from mechanical movement was used to drive a commercial electrochromic display.


We discuss the system of didactic relationships of the OntoMath educational mathematical ontology. OntoMath is a central component of the digital educational platform under development at Kazan Federal University, which is intended for solving such tasks as automatic knowledge tests generation and automatic recommendation of educational materials according to an individual study plan. The ontology is organized into three layers: a foundational ontology layer, a domain ontology layer, and a linguistic layer. The domain ontology layer contains math languageindependent concepts from secondary school mathematics curriculums. The concepts are provided with labels in Russian, English, Spanish and Tatar. The system of didactic relationships reflects how the concepts are studied in the actual educational process according to a corresponding national curriculum. The system defines two basic didactic relations: the prerequisite relation and the relation between a concept and its educational level. An educational level is associated with the stage of student training and its profiling. The prerequisite relation determines the sequence of the studied concepts. Arrangement of concepts by educational levels, in turn, determines educational projections, i.e. projections of the ontology to national education systems. Currently, there are two projections of the ontology: on Russian and the UK education systems respectively. Educational projections can be used for curriculum planning, translation of a curriculum into other languages, and personalization of learning. The didactic relationships were introduced in the 2 release of OntoMath, which was presented at WEA 2021. While the WEA 2021 paper describes them from an engineering point of view, this paper does it from a methodological perspective.


Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2)‐dependent prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis in the spinal cord plays a major role in the development of inflammatory hyperalgesia and allodynia. Microsomal PGE2 synthase‐1 (mPGES‐1) isomerizes COX‐2‐derived PGH2 to PGE2. Here, we evaluated the effect of mPGES‐1‐deficiency on the noci‐ceptive behavior in various models of nociception that depend on PGE2 synthesis. Surprisingly, in the COX‐2‐dependent zymosan‐evoked hyperalgesia model, the nociceptive behavior was not reduced in mPGES‐1‐deficient mice despite a marked decrease of the spinal PGE2 synthesis. Similarly, the nociceptive behavior was unaltered in mPGES‐1‐deficient mice in the formalin test. Importantly, spinal cords and primary spinal cord cells derived from mPGES‐1‐deficient mice showed a redirection of the PGE2 synthesis to PGD2, PGF2α and 6‐keto‐PGF1α (stable metabolite of PGI2). Since the latter prostaglandins serve also as mediators of noci‐ception they may compensate the loss of PGE2 synthesis in mPGES‐1‐deficient mice.


In the past decades, string theory has evolved to provide a robust basis for phenomenological studies of physics. String theory is the leading candidate for a theory of quantum gravity, and reduces at low energy to a supersymmetric version of Einstein's general relativity (supergravity). Mathematical consistency, however, requires string theory to have extra dimensions, which may be hidden from view by an appropriate compactification process. In these string compactifications, the geometry and topology of the compact manifold determine the laws of physics in the four-dimensional world. Conversely, four-dimensional physics requirements, such as long-lived protons and three generations of elementary particles, can be reformulated as topological constraints on the compact geometry. Furthermore, through compactifications, string theory has acted as an experimental branch of mathematics and led to surprising predictions in algebraic geometry and number theory.


According to geo-hazard monitoring and pre-alarm project in Three Gorges area and based on general plan of geo-hazard prevention in the area,we demonstrate the functions,compositions of emergency monitoring and command system for geo-hazard in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,and then conduct realization of the system.Through its application in Nierwan landslide in Zigui County and other geo-hazard,it shows its advantages such as reliable system design,stable data transmission,clear voice,fluent pictures,etc,realizing long-distance and consultation among administrative authorities,which shows great values in prevention of geo-hazard work.


These days, most of the Internet Services use a single server model, where a single server is used to store the encrypted password. But, in case this server gets compromised, whole of the user's data is lost. So, to address this problem we may use multiple servers to store a single user password. In this paper we present the technique of using two servers for storing the encrypted password. Here, firstly we are dividing the user's password into two parts, then encrypting it and storing it into two separate servers. Further, the original password is retrieved by decrypting and combing the two parts of the password. Our system has a number of other features. Like in our system, only a front-end service server interacts directly with the users while a control server which does not interact with the user remains behind the scene; therefore, it can be directly implemented to strengthen the existing single-server password system that uses only a single server to store the password. In addition, the system is secure against various kinds of attack like the Brute Force Attack which may be either Dictionary attack or exhaustive search.


Background Adjunct analgesic strategy is an alternative to prolong the analgesic duration and decrease the potential risk of side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to subarachnoid anesthesia during lower abdominal surgeries compared with dexmedetomidine intravenous infusion. Patients and methods Forty patients, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients, aged 20–50 years, undergoing elective lower abdominal surgeries, were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Group I (n=20) consisted of patients who received intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 15 mg (3 ml)+dexmedetomidine (10 µg) for subarachnoid block. Group II (n=20) consisted of patients who received intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg/h (without loading) after subarachnoid block. The onset and duration of sensory and motor block, the hemodynamic effects, the duration of analgesia and the incidence of side effects were recorded. Interleukin-6 level was estimated. Results Hemodynamic data were comparable between both groups. The mean time taken for the sensory block to reach T10 dermatome and motor block to reach B3 was significantly fast in group I as compared with group II. The time for two segment regressions and regression of sensory block to S2 dermatome and B0 motor block were significantly prolonged in group I compared with group II. The time to first rescue analgesic was prolonged, and the amount of analgesic/24 h was decreased significantly by the addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine. Ramsay sedation scores were highly significant, being higher in group II. The level of interleukin-6 and the incidence of side effects were significantly lower in group I compared with group II. Conclusion In lower abdominal surgery, the use of intrathecal dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to local anesthesia provides good motor and sensory blockade and is associated with mild sedation, decreased incidence of side effects, and inflammatory response compared with intravenous infusion.


The application status of CAD technology in domestic and international automotive design and fabrication is investigated and summarized.In combination with AK's virtual verification needs in the design process in bus driving region,the framing structure of the bus driving region virtual verification system(DRVVS),the function logic workflow together with the technical approach to achieve the system are designed.The prototype system of bus DRVVS is set up based on UG UX6.0,SQL Server2000and VC++2005programming.The correctness and reliability of the system functionality are verified with a certain type of bus design provided by AK,which indicates a remarkable improvement.Additionally,a new approach is provided to CAD platform,KBE system as well as background knowledge to bus driving regional verification in the virtual design stage.


The zirconium salt as main raw materials,chrome-free chemical conversion treatment was carried out on AA6063 aluminium alloy at room temperature.Through the analysis of SEM,XRD and electrochemical test,the properties of the chrome-free conversion coating were studied.The results show that zirconium coating grows from needle like small cell structure to large round cell,and then develops to uniform black and grey conversion coating;the thickness of zirconium coating is about8.79μm,which is mainly composed of KZrF_3(OH)_2·H_2O and KZrF_3O·2H_2O;the corrosion resistance of the zirconium coating is improved by hundreds times than aluminium alloy,and is equivalent to chrome conversion coating;the corrosion resistance of zirconium coating has a certain relationship with post treatment process,the coating structure equivalent circuit is R_1+C_2/R_2+M_3.


Flight control system design for flexible launch vehicles is a challenging endeavor due to the complex interaction between the flight control system and the many and varied vehicle dynamics phenomena. Of particular concern is the controllability of the Ares-I Crew Launch Vehicle (Ares-I) since it is a strikingly long, slender, and aerodynamically unstable vehicle. The resultant large negative static margin and low frequency bending modes suggest a potential for interaction between the ascent flight control system and the structural dynamics of the vehicle. In light of these potential destabilizing interactions, the ability to reliably control the vehicle is recognized as an Ares-I program risk. Preliminary analysis and engineering judgment based on a legacy of flight experience and the current engineering practice indicate that this risk can be reliably mitigated with the present state of the art in flight control systems technology. This paper is aimed at documenting the challenges associated with Ares-I flight control and demonstrating that the preliminary design results indicate that these challenges will be met. Toward that end, this paper will address historical lessons in launch vehicle flight control systems from the Apollo Program; present challenges in the NASA Exploration Launch Program; and suggest potential fruitful directions in advanced control systems and mode suppression technology for the next generation of launch vehicles.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate moisture content and hygroscopicity of spray dry powder of Gubi compound's water extract obtained at different spray drying conditions and laying a foundation for spray drying process of Chinese herbal compound preparation.

METHOD
In the paper, on the basis of single-factor experiments, the author choose inlet temperature, liquid density, feed rate, air flow rate as investigated factors.

RESULT
The experimental absorption rate-time curve and scanning electron microscopy results showed that under different spray drying conditions the spray-dried powders have different morphology and different adsorption process.

CONCLUSION
At different spray-dried conditions, the morphology and water content of the powder is different, these differences lead to differences in the adsorption process, at the appropriate inlet temperature and feed rate with a higher sample density and lower air flow rate, in the experimental system the optimum conditions is inlet temperature of 150 degrees C, feed density of 1.05 g x mL(-1), feed rate of 20 mL x min(-1) air flow rate of 30 m3 x h(-1).


Neuroendocrine hormones,NPY,leptin and orexin play an important role in the central nervous control of energy balance and are involved in the set point of body weight that is related to the determining of the ideal body weight.Athletes' weight loss associates with changes of body composition related to physiological and biochemical indexes,and weight loss affects body function.


The behavior of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells under low flux concentration is being investigated for two complementary reasons. First, pairing photovoltaic devices with inexpensive low flux optical concentration elements can be a rational pathway towards systems that yield a low levelized cost of electricity (LCE). Second, characterization of photovoltaic films under elevated flux levels can be an effective tool for helping to understand the nature of recombination and other parasitic loss mechanisms in these device structures. In this paper we report on a CIGS device that achieved a record efficiency of 23.3% at 14.7 Suns optical concentration and outline a strategy for future work intended to use characterization of devices under elevated flux to explore the physical mechanisms currently limiting the performance of CI(G)S solar cells.


Combined coherent X-ray diffraction imaging and wide-angle X-ray diffraction is demonstrated to study the morphology, internal structure and mineralogy of shale fragments. Estimates of the unconnected nanoscale pore structure of shale microparticles are obtained.


BACKGROUND : Non communicable diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Cardio vascular disease accounts for majority of non communicable diseases related deaths. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Jawadhu hills which is situated in Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts of Tamil Nadu. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and metabolic syndrome and their risk factors among the residents of Jawadhu hills aged between 30-60 years.
METHODS : This study was conducted in 14 villages of Jawadhu hills in Tiruvannamalai district. Two stage cluster sampling method was used. Villages were selected by probability proportionate to size sampling. Consecutive Households were selected from village starting point in clockwise direction as per the algorithm until the required sample size was obtained. Totally 480 people (males-225 & females-255) were surveyed from February 2016 to July 2016 using modified WHO-STEPS questionnaire. Socio demographic factors, behavioural and metabolic risk factors and anthrometric measures were collected. Fasting and post prandial (2 hour) blood glucose were collected for 480 people by using glucometer. Among the subset of 138 people (one participant from alternate household) fasting lipid samples were collected.
RESULTS: Of the subjects (480) studied, 3.3% had diabetes mellitus,7.6% had prediabetes, 17.7% had hypertension. Among the sub group of 138 people, 51.5% had abnormalities in any one of the lipid parameters. 16.7% of the study population had hypercholestremia, 24.6% had hyper triglyceridemia, 26.8% had low HDL, 18.1% had high LDL, 10.8% had high total cholesterol/HDL ratio (>4.5) and 12.3% had metabolic syndrome. Out of 480 people, 11.7% had low physical activity (less than the WHO recommended). Using Asian cutoff, prevalence of obesity, overweight and central obesity were 20%, 4.8% and 9.8% respectively. Most of the participants were from low socio economic status. Alcohol use and smoking is common among men (72.9%and 64% respectively). In the multivariate analysis, overweight was significantly associated with hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Low levels of physical activity and obesity were associated with and metabolic syndrome.
CONCLUSION : Prevalence of diabetes in this tribal population is low (3.3%). However, 51.5% had dyslipidaemia and 17.7% had hypertension. High prevalence of behavioural and metabolic risk factors calls for urgent intervention.


A thermodynamic theory of melting for linear stereoregular homopolymer systems with a molecular weight distribution has been derived. The homopolymer system is regarded as a eutectic multicomponent system. The components of the system are the molecules themselves. Under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium the molecules of different lengths should crystallize as extended-chain crystals. The thickness of the crystals equals the molecular length. During crystallization of stereoregular homopolymer systems the molecular weight fractionation is usually not completely established. This can be described by only one additional internal parameter in the theory. To test the theory, fractions of linear polyethylene as the simplest examples of regular homopolymers were investigated by means of DTA and low-angle x-ray diffraction methods. The maximum melting points, the molar mass fractions of crystals as a function of temperature, and the long periods depend on the data of the molecular weight distribution, as predicted by the theory. Both the theory and the experiment agree quantitatively provided that only extended-chain crystals exist. Under normal pressure conditions molecular folding processes occur, beginning above a critical molecular length. This critical molecular length is determined by kinetic factors.


Education is a process of influencing students in adapting to the environment and being able to make changes that exist in students. Field trips are a method used by students to complete certain learning experiences and are part of the school's curriculum program. This service aims to determine the effectiveness of the field trip method as a learning method at Runiah School Makassar. This service uses the pre-post test control design method and mentoring outdoor learning activities. The subjects of the service were students from grades 3 to grade 6. The measuring instrument used was in the form of questions consisting of 8 questions covering general knowledge and special knowledge questions. This measuring tool aims to measure student knowledge according to the location of field trip activities. Based on the dedication that was carried out, it gave the result that field trips were effectively carried out as a learning method by increasing general and special knowledge.


Literary works can be used as a source of information about a particular cultural community. In addition, the literature can be considered as a means to understand the culture or society. The literary works that introduce cultural diversity or multicultural novel is the work of Umar Kayam Jalan Menikung. The novel does not only introduce Javanese culture, but also provides information about other cultures, i.e. Chinese, Jewish, and Minangkabau. Besides giving additional information about various cultures, it also explained how the transformation and attitude as well as the views of the characters against another culture that found in the novel. Hopefully, this paper can be used as a means of culture understanding in a particular community. Keyword: Multicultural, Novel Jalan Menikung, Umar Kayam A. INTRODUCTION Literary works is basically the result of devotional writer to reveal what is seen and heard or felt imaginatively using the medium of language. In this context it can also be argued that literature, more specifically, the novel, is the imaginative results-creative. Literature of the empirical reality of its author. Not only imaginative works of literature-creative, but is in fact also an outcome to set and get the new blurb about an experience that can only be imagined in the real world. So, even though the novel is very personal, a little bit of a lot of it is the reflection of the author's experiences in the life of society (Abdullah, 1983:23). As a member of the community, the writer certainly has opinions about social issues and important political as well as the following issues of the age (Welek, 1998:115). The experiences and opinions of the author on the life of then lived, interpreted, and meant. The result is then poured through the medium of language after seasoned imagination becomes either a literary novel, poetry, or drama. Literature was created to be enjoyed, understood, and exploited community. Good literature is able to reflect the conditions of society and culture. So, literature can be used as a mirror to see the face of society and culture. Therefore by reading literary works properly we can see and understand the society and culture (Damono, 1979:1). A series of statements that clearly implies an assumption that works of literature can be used as a source of information about a particular cultural community. In addition, the literature can be considered as a means of understanding the culture or society. On a good literary works we find information that can expand our insights. Through a variety of events that created the character, we can feel and pervades the mind figures about human issues. The background of the time, place, society, and culture that appeared in novels, plays, a collection of short stories, and poetry for example, we get some information and perhaps also a number of questions and a description that may not have been crossed in the minds of us all. With literary works we can explore other worlds, other physical and psychiatric areas that have not been exploration On the basis that to understand a particular culture we can read literary works featuring the cultural elements in it. A novel featuring a strong culture is novel Jalan Menikung, Para Priyai 2 (2012) by Umar Kayam which is a continuation of the Para Priyai (1992). The novel revolves around the life of the fourth generation of the family Sastrodarsono. The story begins with the discharge Harimurti, son of Hardojo, from his work in a publication. Despite recommendations from due to his involvement with the communist party in the past. This causes Harimurti to forbid Eko, his son who is studying in America, to go home. Finally, eco decided to stay in America. He is married to Claire, a Jewish American. Their marriage was initially less approved by his family because of the ethnic and religious differences. Finally, Eko married with his landlord. They get their travel from Asia Books, Eko Office work to review the market and make the lobby at several places in Asia, including Jakarta. It was at once made a honeymoon and special Family Eko in Jakarta. At the time, wanted to rehabilitate children Tommi Nugroho Sastrodarsono family mausoleum. This was opposed by Harimurti and Lantip, however, the restoration of the tombs remain implemented and running smoothly. After that, Eko and its magnitude family went to visit the field to "Pulang Basamo". Later, Eko and Claire returned to America, and live happily with them. This paper tries to uncover the different cultures of the novel. In addition to the Javanese culture, the novel featured the Minang culture, Jews and Chinese. As the study of the culture, the novel is interesting to see how these cultures present at the present time. In addition we can see the transformation of such cultures as well as how the meeting between cultures. B. THEORY Multiculturalism is a phenomenon of mixing of different cultures in a social community. Interactions involving various individuals with a background of religious, ethnic, language, and traditions of each. Multicultural etymologically derives from two words, multi meaning "many/varied" and "cultures or cultural", that means the cultural diversity. Culture in this context can be understood as part of man against his will then give birth to many faces, like history, thinking, verbal culture, language, and others. Multicultural is a philosophy that also sometimes interpreted as an ideology that wants the existence of the union of the various cultural groups with rights and social status in modern society. The development of information and communication technology makes multicultural as a means for cooperation, equality recognition, and appreciation in an increasingly complex and nonmonoculture world. (Parekh, 2008:7) next (in Liliweri 2005:69), Multiculturalism essentially is an understanding of how different cultures it hit people's lives, although it is very small and very simple, we have to accept without consideration and favoritism to support equality and balance in power. Multiculturalism glorifies differences in equality both individually and culturally. Multiculturalism is a notion that assumes that a different culture has equal status. According to Liliweri. (2005: 70), Multiculturalism is about individual or group awareness of cultural diversity, which in turn has the ability to promote tolerance, dialogue, cooperation, among ethnic and racial diversity. Associated with cultural results related to literature. The emergence of multiculturalism is motivated by, among others, the existence of three social theories that explain the relationships among individuals in society with various religious, ethnic, linguistic and cultural backgrounds. According to Ricardo L. Gracia (1882: 37-42) the social theory is: (1) Meltng Pot I: Anglo Conformity (Different individuals like religion, ethnicity, language, and culture are united into dominant containers 2) Melting Pot II: Ethnic Synthesis (Individuals of diverse backgrounds incorporated into one new container, the original religious, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural identity of its members merge into a new identity and (3) Cultural Pluralism: Mosaic Analogy (Individual Individuals with ethnic, ethnic, linguistic, and minority cultural backgrounds) each individual is entitled to show their cultural identity and develop it without interrupting each other. Based on the above explanation can be seen that multicultural is a cultural diversity while multiculturalism is an attitude or view that aligns culture, ethnicity, race not on uniformity but rather on the ability to influence each other between uniformity and diversity. C. ANALYSIS 1. Compound culture Jalan Menikung (2012) is the follow-up novel, Para Priyayi(1992). The first Umar Kayam Novel showing very strong Javanese culture with sosiologist. While the novel becomes a study of these writings featuring Java culture also provides information on other cultural outside of Java, which includes the Minang, Jews and Chinese. a. Jawa Java set figures in the novel, presenting Java culture by simply applied respectively. They bear the names of Java such as Lantip, meaning "sharp" and Eko. Eko, meaning "one", is meant by parents as children first, eventually even became the only son. The old man likes his son named Java with puppet like Harimurti, another name for Krishna and Endang Rahayu Pramesti stash, Tommi, name of women in the puppet who was born Java in the mountain area of the Hermitage. Not only in name, puppets made of Java was a spectacle at once guidance. The inauguration of the restoration the family ancestral Tomb Wanagalih who carried out Saturday's birthday Wage, nor do Sastrodarsono off the weton of wayang kulit night. Eko travel time up in Japan like watching kabuki in Tokyo. Quiet performance that remind of Eko, will be increasingly reduced people watching wayang kulit puppet shows mainly. In addition to other forms of art, puppets that can be found on Java addicts family art tradition is to play gamelan. Eko must stay Sunnybrook often play the Siter Java found in seedy shops at Sunnybrook. While released "Perkutut Manggung", tools that accompany when agitated or are completing readings from his Office. Before leaving for America, Eko often play gamelan in the back of his house, not only with his parents but also with Lantip and Halima, mak uwonya who is also good at playing gamelan, even with Grandparents Hardoyo kakung and her daughter visit to Jakarta from Yogyakarta. These activities build an atmosphere that is warm and happy in the family. After Eko merantau, Harimurti and Suli is still "menembang" though with a different atmosphere. Pet bird noises, commonly present in the houses of the people of Java and are sacred to the birdlike derkuku, cucakrawa, and birds frequently asked Claire, turtledoves, does not help their loneliness. When his visit to Jakarta, they stay at home parents Eko in Cempaka Putih area. The


Understanding decoherence in open quantum many-spin systems is important for many fields of physics, from quantum computations (QC) to the nuclear and electronic spin resonance. We use numerical simulations to study some particularly interesting situations where the destructive impact of environment can be suppressed, so that the quantum oscillations in the system fall off very slowly, demonstrating a power-law decay. Such a slow decay may be experimentally relevant for the QC architectures based on electron spins in quantum dots or nuclear spins in semiconductors.


As an advanced method at the present,the mathematical model of distance weighted mean has been applied for rainfall isoline in Haihe River Basin.Considering with the distribution of rainfall stations in the basin the model has been modified and shows the better results of automatic computer analyzing and drawing rainfall isoline.


Quantum computing is a next-generation computing paradigm that offers potential advantages for addressing complex real-world applications, such as portfolio optimization (PO). Quantum-inspired optimization (QIO) algorithms simulate quantum mechanisms to achieve quantum advantages using classical computers. QIO algorithms can serve as a bridge to realizing preliminary quantum advantages by exploiting classical computation abilities. In a detailed analysis of PO, a domain-dependent optimization technique is proposed combined with an effective QIO, called the entanglement local search-assisted (ELSA) technique. ELSA introduces the novel concept of the entangled neighborhood for PO and assists QIO in accurately searching a potential area, thus significantly promoting the quality of the solution. The entanglement relationship can decrease the degree of freedom searched. The proposed ELSA-QIO technique is employed in a trend ratio-based intelligent system to search for a steady uptrend portfolio in the global G20 markets. This study discusses the expanded markets to demonstrate the superior ability of the proposed QIO method in a vast solution space. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms state-of-the-art methods. This study investigates the world's largest markets in-depth and proposes a strategy for global financial management that expands the use of quantum computing.


The Hybrid Cellular Automata (HCA) method is used in this paper for the optimal design of sewer network problems with the fixed layout. The HCA method decomposes the problem into two sub-problems with considering the pipe diameters and nodal cover depths as decision variables. Two stages are solved iteratively for determining the decision variables in a manner to minimize the total cost of the sewer network subject to the operational constraints. The HCA method is used to optimally solve three benchmark examples with different sizes and the results are presented and compared to those of the existing methods. The results indicate that the HCA method is more efficient and effective than the alternative methods.


A study of the laser-plasma interaction processes has been performed in multiple-ion species hohlraum plasmas at conditions similar to those expected in indirect drive inertial confinement fusion targets. Gas-filled hohlraums with electron densities of 5.5×1020 and 9×1020cm−3 are heated by 14.3kJ of laser energy (wavelength 351nm) to electron temperatures of 3keV and backscattered laser light is measured. Landau damping of the ion acoustic waves is increased by adding hydrogen to a CO2 or CF4 gas. Stimulated Brillouin backscattering of a 351nm probe beam is found to decrease monotonically with increasing Landau damping, accompanied by a comparable increase in the transmission. More efficient energy coupling into the hohlraum by suppression of backscatter from the heater beams results in an increased hohlraum radiation temperature, showing that multiple-ion species plasmas improve the overall hohlraum energetics. The reduction in backscatter is reproduced by linear gain calculations as well as detailed ful...


The quantum spectrum of elementary excitations of easy-plane ferromagnet with S = 3/2 in a magnetic field is calculated by the diagram technique for Hubbard operators. It is established that the collective excitation spectrum in the low-temperature region consists of one longitudinal and two transverse branches. The limiting cases of strong and weak anisotropy are analysed in detail. In the region of small values of quasimomentum the intervals are determined in whose limits the ω(q) dependence is quadratic and linear in quasimomentum modulus.

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The article deals with some problems of consumers crediting. The question analyzed concerns the possibility of the RF Law norms application "On the Defense of Consumers Rights" in terms of credit legal relationships.


The current work addresses the possible impact of dietary and microbial fatty acids on the absorption of phenolics at the intestinal epithelium. The Caco-2 cell culture model of small intestinal enterocytes was optimised to mimic the chronic supplementation with physiological concentrations of fatty acid. Treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) changed the fluidity of the brush border membrane, but this modification did not affect transepithelial transport of the test compounds caffeic acid, ferulic acid and epicatechin. PUFA supplementation did however increase paracellular diffusion of caffeic acid and epicatechin in apical to
basolateral (a→b) transport direction. Epicatechin efflux was reduced by arachidonic acid and decosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation, most likely by reducing either expression or activity of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family member C2. Transepithelial transport of ferulic acid in a→b direction was increased by PUFA
supplementation, most likely through upregulation of an apical uptake transporter, whose identity could not be determined here. Supplementation of cells with the microbial metabolite butyric acid upregulated gene expression of monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 4, which resulted in increased ferulic acid uptake and metabolism. Metabolism of epicatechin was also affected by PUFA supplementation of cells. An unusual pattern of epicatechin glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A8 was observed in the intestinal cell line HT29-MTX. UGT activity was highly polarised within the cell, resulting in up to fifty times higher metabolite levels when the substrate reached the cell layer from what in vivo would be the serosal side, than from the side corresponding to the intestinal lumen.
Consequent immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of UGT1A8 in the basolateral plasma membrane. These in vitro results suggest a possible impact of dietary and microbial fatty acids on the absorption and metabolism of phenolic compounds.


This document describes the proposed plan for clean closure of the Intermediate-Level Transuranic Storage Facility mixed waste container storage units at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in accordance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act closure requirements. Descriptions of the location, size, capacity, history, and current status of the units are included. The units will be closed by removing waste containers in storage, and decontamination structures and equipment that may have contacted waste. Sufficient sampling and documentation of all activities will be performed to demonstrate clean closure. A tentative schedule is provided in the form of a milestone chart.


The cyclically adjusted budget balance: An empirical analysis of the Italian case This article presents an estimate of the cyclically-adjusted primary balance in Italy during the new Millennium (1999-2016) in order to assess the fiscal policy stance pursued during the period considered. If it is possible to initially qualify the fiscal policy as counter-cyclical, when the correction is made for the cycle, the budget balance becomes completely acyclical. Therefore, once the budget balance has been adjusted for the automatic influences deriving from the fluctuations of the economic cycle, the discretion of the Government has been explained in the weakening of the original anti-cyclical nature of the fiscal policy. Repeating the analysis in two different sub-periods with the 2008 crisis as a watershed, it emerged that this discretionary reductionist intervention has focused more on the period following the outbreak of the crisis, which highlights how discretionary fiscal policy has failed its expansive contribution in the most difficult moments of the crisis.


Purpose: To describe how to make sliding window VMAT delivery more efficient by customizing the delivery of each angular sector based on the shape of the fluence maps. Methods: VMAT is a highly non-convex optimization problem. We decompose the problem by first considering an IMRT problem with 30 equispaced beams. This problem is solved with smoothing terms and the resulting fluence maps are analyzed for delivery considerations. Rows of the fluence maps that are bimodal are to be delivered with a leaf sweep across the field, both leaves moving in same direction. Unimodal rows can be delivered more efficiently with leaves either closing inward or opening outward. More classifications of this type are done, as well as re-optimizations of the 30 beam IMRT problem with penalties to achieve the desired fluence map restrictions. Mixed integer programming is used for some leaf trajectory calculations and to decide which sectors will get non-sliding window delivery. Results: By iterating between fluence map classification and optimization with penalties which support the classifications, VMAT plans of similar quality to full sliding window plans can be produced with improved delivery time. For a fluence row that is unimodal and "steep enough" (shallow unimodal fields require unrealistically fast leaf speeds), delivery time using leaf close-in/open-out can be more than twice as fast as sliding window delivery. For a prostate case, by classifying 50% of the fluence maps as unimodal deliverable, we are able to reduce the treatment time from 3.5 minutes to 2.6 minutes with a negligible change in plan quality. Conclusion: By choosing the delivery style of fluence maps based on their shapes, rather than imposing that every map gets a full sliding window delivery, we can retain the high-quality of sliding window style VMAT while gaining delivery efficiencies of non-sliding window VMAT. David Craft is partially supported by a research collaboration with RaySearch Laboratories.


Numerical-relativity simulations indicate that the black hole produced in a binary merger can recoil with a velocity up to vmax ≃ 4000 km s−1 with respect to the center of mass of the initial binary. This challenges the paradigm that most galaxies form through hierarchical mergers, yet retain supermassive black holes (SBHs) at their centers despite having escape velocities much less than vmax. Interaction with a circumbinary disk can align the binary black hole spins with their orbital angular momentum, reducing the recoil velocity of the final black hole produced in the subsequent merger. However, the effectiveness of this alignment depends on highly uncertain accretion flows near the binary black holes. In this paper, we show that if the spin S1 of the more massive binary black hole is even partially aligned with the orbital angular momentum L, relativistic spin precession on sub-parsec scales can align the binary black hole spins with each other. This alignment significantly reduces the recoil velocity even in the absence of gas. For example, if the angle between S1 and L at large separations is 10° while the second spin S2 is isotropically distributed, the spin alignment discussed in this paper reduces the median recoil from 864 km s−1 to 273 km s−1 for maximally spinning black holes with a mass ratio of 9/11. This reduction will greatly increase the fraction of galaxies retaining their SBHs.


The paper presents a new actively compensated filter, which is a modified form of an existing active filter. Design guidelines are developed to eliminate its first order sensitivity and to reduce the second order sensitivity through optimization. PSPICE simulations and experimental results are provided to prove the theoretical predictions. Simulation and experimental results also show that, by choosing proper op. amps., the new circuit can be used to realize filters at very high frequencies in the order of a few hundreds of kHz.<<ETX>>


Pulse variations in the galactic cosmic ray intensity, extending over intervals of several hours, have often been observed during cosmic ray storms as well as during other periods. On some occasions, these pulses appear in the data recorded at polar stations during epochs characterized by enhanced diurnal anisotropy at low latitudes. The short-term intensity increase at polar stations cannot be ascribed solely to the azimuthal anisotropy, and it is demonstrated that the cosmic ray transport during a pulse displays both azimuthal and north-south anisotropies. Furthermore, it is found that the magnetude of the pulse height recorded by a station i is proportional to /sup j/u where ..mu../sub i/=cos theta, and theta/sub i/ is the angular separation between the mean asymptotic direction of viewing of station i and the direction of anisotropy in three dimentional space. The relationship between pulse modulations and transient disturbances in the interplanetary magnetic field, and especially their location, remain to be investigated.


Since the 1991 review, the literature suggests there are several new techniques being used for the analysis of natural gas and refined petroleum products. Some developments were in response to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) directives. Others sought new ways to improve and simplify existing methodology. The use of the chemiluminescence detector emerged for sulfur determinations in natural gas and gasoline type samples. On-line techniques were in abundance in the literature and were used to characterize hydrocarbon material in blending streams and pipelines. The on-line methodology not only simplifies an analysis but gives real-time and continuous measurements as well. Gas chromatography and near-infrared spectroscopy were the two techniques mentioned most frequently for on-line analyses. Similar to the last review, the sections within this article are categorized by petroleum product type. The subcategories are arranged by analytical test. The tests included in the subgroupings reflected the areas of emphasis in the abstracts. 96 refs.


This paper has reviewed the history of the textbooks of mechanics of materials,and deeply pondered over how to write the textbook of mechaniecs of materials during the process of deepening teaching reform.


Today energy supply is moving towards more renewable, which brings challenges to the power grid. Intermittent power is difficult to predict and cannot be regulated in the same way as conventional power. If the grid is not dimensioned to handle the power peaks, the intermittent power can cause overload on the grid. Overload causes larger losses, can damage electrical components in the grid and/or a reduced lifespan of these components. If a producer of renewable power wants to connect to a weak grid today, the normally chosen solution is to reinforce the existing grid. Since batteries are on a fast growing market and the prices are falling rapidly. This study aimed to investigate whether batteries as energy storage can be a cost-effective alternative to grid reinforcement when renewables are to be connected to the grid. This has been investigated with battery prices today (2016) and by forecasts of battery prices by 2030.

A case study was made on one part of E.ON's grids in Smaland, on which there were plans to connect wind power a few years ago. Since the grid is weak, grid planners at E.ON came to the conclusion that it was necessary to install a new 12 km long cable to the nearest distribution station, which made the investment cost too expensive for the wind power producer and therefore the plans were abandoned. Three different cases were selected for the study to investigate how a battery in a grid with different types of production would work and if a mix of intermittent power have any effects on the battery size. A case with 7 MW wind power, one with a 7 MW solar cell system and one with 3.5 MW wind + 3.5 MW solar power. Simulations of the grid were made by the help of a software for power modelling called PSS/E. Different sizes of batteries were simulated and a cost comparison to the grid reinforcement was made by investment calculation with net present value.

The results show that it is more profitable to use energy storage than grid enhancement 2030, but to the cost of a certain amount of curtailment of the production is required. In 2030, energy storage with a capacity of 1 MWh is profitable compared to grid enhancment. In 2016 the batteries are too expensive to be an option.

The study assumes that a grid company owns the energy storage and use it to avoid overload on the grid. An important discussion is how the profitability would be if the energy storage was owned by the producer or an electricity trading company that can optimize income by taking advantage of price differences between high and low energy prices. Today, there are rules about grid companies owning energy storage, as they are not allowed to trade with electricity. If energy storage could come to the benefit of both grid and trading companies it would make it more profitable.


Natural killer (NK) activity of head kidney leucocytes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) against IPN virus-infected and uninfected RTG-2 cells was examined by 51Cr release assay. Fish leucocytes were classified into four groups by cytotoxic activities : Type I, cytotoxic activity against uninfected RTG-2 cells was higher than that against infected cells; Type II, cytotoxic activity against infected cells was higher than that against uninfected cells; Type III, cytotoxic activity was low against both infected and uninfected cells; Type IV, cytotoxic activity was high against both cells. These results indicate that there are individual variations in NK activity of rainbow trout against allogenic and viral antigens.


CYP153A from Marinobacter aquaeolei has been identified as a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase with a broad substrate range. Two hotspots predicted to influence substrate specificity and selectivity were exchanged. Mutant G307A is 2- to 20-fold more active towards fatty acids than the wild-type. Residue L354 is determinant for the enzyme ω-regioselectivity.


Recently, much research has been done on how to secure personal data, notably facial images. Face de-identification is one example of privacy protection that protects person identity by fooling intelligent face recognition systems, while typically allowing face recognition by human observers. While many face de-identification methods exist, the generated de-identified facial images do not resemble the original ones. This paper proposes the usage of adversarial examples for face de-identification that introduces minimal facial image distortion, while fooling automatic face recognition systems. Specifically, it introduces P-FGVM, a novel adversarial attack method, which operates on the image spatial domain and generates adversarial de-identified facial images that resemble the original ones. A comparison between P-FGVM and other adversarial attack methods shows that P-FGVM both protects privacy and preserves visual facial image quality more efficiently.


The causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment methodologies for Blepharitis are discusses. The key aspects that pharmacists need to keep in mind when counseling on strategies for management of the disease are highlighted.


Information goods supply chain partnership is the contract relationship of co-opetition (Brandenburger and Nalebuf, 1996) innovation in nature. The main findings are as following: in the threat of strategic substituting from industrial competitor of information goods, the government subsidy policy for information goods supply chain makes up the lack of incentives to original innovation due to innovation externalities, improves information goods supply chain partners' incentives to cooperative innovation, reduces industrial competitor's incentives to imitative innovation, and makes supply chain system profit of information goods and social welfare improvement in the incentive policy of government subsidies. The perfect sharing contract may achieve greater effective coordination than non-linear transfer payment contract, along with the strengthening of the innovation basis and the extent to which partners absorb and transform technological innovation knowledge, and the improvement of intellectual property protection environment and the degree of intellectual property protection.


Many metal product surface treatment industries face many problems related to the application of environmental standards and the commitment to preserve them and the ability to use environmentally friendly alternatives, due to the lack of economic resources and the lack of technological development in finding appropriate solutions, reuse and recycling of wastes resulting from surface finishing operations in general and electroplating in general. Despite the availability of modern technology in some major industrial establishments, environmental alternatives have not entered into actual application in most of these establishments due to their weak effectiveness compared to the processes that are actually applied and which have great harm to different environments, especially processes that depend on cyanide in electroplating. Gold plating processes are also considered hey are widely used in covering metal products, especially jewellery, jewellery, tableware, utensils ... and others. Therefore, the use of non-cyanide environmental alternatives for gold and silver plating systems will reduce many pollutants that are harmful to different environments of the product, especially industrial ones.


This article focuses on the study of the leverage effect in the deregulated Spanish wholesale electricity market. For this purpose, we propose a stochastic volatility alternative, a threshold asymmetric autoregressive stochastic volatility (TA-ARSV) model over the well known AGARCH and EGARCH models. The results clearly favour the TA-ARSVA specification over the GARCH based models and reject the existence of the perverse inverse leverage effect.


The GTPase-deficient, activated mutant of G (cid:1) 12 (G (cid:1) 12 Q229L, or G (cid:1) 12 QL) induces neoplastic growth and oncogenic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Using microarray analysis, we have previously identified a role for platelet-derived growth factor receptor (cid:1) (PDGFR (cid:1) ) in G (cid:1) 12 -mediated cell growth (R. N. Kumar et al., Cell Biochem. Biophys. 41:63–73, 2004). In the present study, we report that G (cid:1) 12 QL stimulates the functional expres- sion of PDGFR (cid:1) and demonstrate that the expression of PDGFR (cid:1) by G (cid:1) 12 QL is dependent on the small GTPase Rho. Our results indicate that it is cell type independent as the transient expression of G (cid:1) 12 QL or the activation of G (cid:1) 12- coupled receptors stimulates the expression of PDGFR (cid:1) in NIH 3T3 as well as in human astrocytoma 1321N1 cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate the presence of an autocrine loop involving PDGF-A and PDGFR (cid:1) in G (cid:1) 12 QL-transformed cells. Analysis of the functional consequences of the G (cid:1) 12 -PDGFR (cid:1) signaling axis indicates that G (cid:1) 12 stimulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT signaling pathway through PDGFR. In addi- tion, we show that G (cid:1) 12 QL stimulates the phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factor FKHRL1 via AKT in a PDGFR (cid:1) - and PI3K-dependent manner. Since AKT promotes cell growth by blocking the transcription of antiproliferative genes through the inhibitory phosphorylation of forkhead transcription factors, our results de- scribe for the first time a PDGFR (cid:1) -dependent signaling pathway involving PI3K-AKT-FKHRL1, regulated by G (cid:1) 12 QL in promoting cell growth. Consistent with this view, we demonstrate that the expression of a dominant negative mutant of PDGFR (cid:1) attenuated G (cid:1) 12 -mediated neoplastic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. -stimulated PDGFR (cid:2) engages the downstream PI3K-AKT signaling pathway to inhibit FKHRL1-mediated transcription of apoptotic and antiproliferative genes to promote neoplas- tic cell growth.


This article examines the impacts of two types of social capital – bonding and bridging – upon the performance of grassroots self-government institutions in rural China, based on an original survey of 410 villages throughout the whole of China. The findings indicate that, on the one hand, bonding social capital still has a very solid foundation in the rural areas of China. On the other, bridging social capital is in formation in Chinese villages, even though the stock of bridging social capital is currently very moderate. Moreover, this study finds that bridging social capital, as manifested in general trust and inclusive social networks, positively affected the governance performance of each surveyed village. Yet, bonding social capital, as manifested in particular trust and exclusive social networks, tends to negatively impact the performance of Chinese rural governance. These findings help clarify some theoretical issues about, and shed some light on the prospects of, the rural self-governance system in China.


A review of Government documents published by the Department of Defense or released pursuant to FOIA litigation reveal the following: More than 24,000 interrogations have been conducted at Guantanamo since 2002. Every interrogation conducted at Guantanamo was videotaped. The interrogations of detainees in Guantanamo were conducted by the Central Intelligence Agency and also by many other entities including: 1. The Criminal Investigation Task Force (CITF); 2. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); 3. The Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU) of the FBI; 4. The Defense Intelligence Analysis (DIA); 5. The Defense Human Intelligence (HUMINT); 6. The Army Criminal Investigative Division (ACID); 7. The Air Force Office of Special Investigations (OSI); 8. The Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) and 9. A variety of private contractors. Each of these entities has identical motives to destroy taped investigations as has the Central Intelligence Agency. As one former senior Central Intelligence Agency official put it: It's a qualitatively different thing - seeing it versus reading about it. One Government document, for instance, reports detainee treatment so violent as to shake the camera in the interrogation room and cause severe internal injury. Another describes an interrogator positioning herself between a detainee and the camera, in order to block her actions from view. The Government kept meticulous logs of information related to interrogations. Thus, it is ascertainable which videotapes documenting interrogations still exist, and which videotapes have been destroyed.


Low-Level analysis of Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) is an important field for real-time system validation. It stands between computer architecture and mathematics, as it relies strongly on variants of abstract interpretation. One of the features that causes the largest uncertainty regarding WCET evaluation for low-level analysis of sequential execution on a single processor is taking Cache Memory-related Delays (CMRD) and Cache-related Preemption Delays (CRPD) correctly into account. Research work from the 1990s provides a good basic framework for this problem as long as a task runs without preemption. But when preemption of tasks is allowed, although several formalisms exist, their predictive power is lower and the usual approach relies on analyses of NP-hard problems. In this article, we want to show some potential advantages of using a formalism inspired by Quantum Computing (QC) to evaluate CMRDs with preemptions while avoiding the NP-hard problem underneath. The experimental results, with a classic (non-quantum) numerical approach, on a selection of Malardalen benchmark programs display very good accuracy, while the complexity of the evaluation is a low-order polynomial of the number of memory accesses. While it is not yet a fully parallel quantum algorithm, we provide a first roadmap on how to reach such an objective.


. The present study aims to reduce the fluoride concentration of drinking water using a novel mild adsorbent based natural clay. The natural clay was dealuminated/realuminated and dehydroxylated by intense washing and heating processes. The developed adsorbent was confirmed by X-ray di ff raction (XRD), thermal analyses (ATD-TG) and nuclear magnetic resonance solid-state with magic angle spinning (MAS NMR). MAS NMR results showed that distorted tetrahedral-Al coordination and penta-Al coordination sites were responsible for fluoride adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments were investigated without any adjustment of water pH. The e ff ect of the clay dosage over the range of 0.5–2 g/50 mL of sample solution was studied. Results revealed that the aggregation of the clay particles in the water was successfully avoided thanks to the heating process. Kinetics and adsorp-tionisothermswerealsoinvestigated.Theadsorptionequilibriumwasachievedonatimescaleofsec- onds. Adsorption kinetics data followed pseudo-first-order as well as pseudo-second-order models while isotherm experimental data followed the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity was relatively small (1.2 mg · g − 1 ). Tests performed on Tunisian contaminated drinking water showed that water potability with respect to fluoride was successfully achieved; suggesting that the dealumi-nated/realuminated dehydroxylated clay can be a promising fluoride adsorbent for drinking water.