The authors of a recent systematic review of the effects of blood pressure (BP)–lowering drugs published in the British Medical Journal conclude that their results ''indicate the importance of lowering blood pressure in everyone over a certain age, rather than measuring it in everyone and treating it in some.'' In this commentary, we argue that while further evidence is required before we adopt this revolutionary stance, their research does make it more plausible that such a policy might be taken up in the future. BP measurement has been a routine clinical activity for more than a century and since the late 1960s, the benefits of lowering BP through antihypertensive treatment have been apparent from the results of randomized controlled trials. The first of these trials enrolled only patients with very high BP (eg, diastolic BP 115 mm Hg), but, since then, thresholds for treatment have become progressively lower and have been tested with a variety of medications on different populations. Indeed, more recent BP-lowering trials have enrolled patients with ''normal'' BP but existing vascular disease and found benefit from active treatment. Subsequent guidance in the United States and internationally has recommended treatment on the basis of BP thresholds with 140 ⁄90 mm Hg taken widely as the dividing line between hypertension and normotension (or at least prehypertension). Epidemiologic evidence, however, highlights the arbitrariness of any cut-off point for BP between normal and abnormal. For example, the Prospective Studies Collaboration reviewed 61 prospective observational studies containing 1 million adults and found that for any given age there was a loglinear relationship between BP and cardiovascular (CV) mortality down to a level of 115 ⁄75 mm Hg, below which there is little evidence. Thus, for middle-aged individuals, each 20-mm Hg increase in systolic BP above 115 mm Hg leads to a doubling of risk of ischemic heart disease and a more than doubling of stroke risk. This pattern of association between BP and risk of vascular disease is similar for men and women. It is against this background that Law and colleagues performed their systematic review. Two of the questions that they addressed are of particular relevance to the question of whether BP lowering should be offered to all: Does the effect of BP lowering in preventing CV disease differ in people with or without prior disease? Is there a difference in efficacy of BP-lowering drugs when they are used to treat people with lower BPs as compared with higher BPs? From the Clinical Senior Lecturer, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Professor, General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Address for correspondence: Richard. J. McManus, PhD, University of Birmingham, Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, UK E-mail: email@example.com Manuscript received July 20, 2009; accepted July 21, 2009


Graphene nano ribbons are the strips of graphene sheet which opens band gap in graphene. This opening of band gap increases the on off ratio of these GNR devices and allows its use in logic circuit applications. GNR in transistors give vital applications in these areas. A GNRFET shows large conductance with respect to gate voltages. The effect of temperature on this conductance is seen in this paper by simulating a GNRFET model in VNL. A GNRFET with zigzag electrodes and armchair channel is studied. The conductance with respect to temperature is seen. A temperature range of 0 to 2000 K is selected for the study.


This work studies secure transmission in intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted MIMO systems when an active eavesdropper is available in the network. We consider a scenario in which the eavesdropper performs an active pilot attack to contaminate the channel estimation at the base station. Invoking the method of secure regularized zero forcing, we develop an algorithm that designs beamforming vectors, as well as phase-shifts at the IRS, such that the active attacker is blinded. Our numerical investigations confirm that the proposed algorithm can suppress the active eavesdropper effectively, as long as legitimate and malicious terminals are statistically distinguishable.


This study uses the energy flow method to analyze how structural flexibility affects the motorcycle wobble and weave modes. Lateral bending of the front fork and torsion of the main frame affect the wobble mode stability. These are based on the gyroscopic effect of the front wheel in the steering motion by considering structural flexibility. At high speeds, lateral bending of the front fork and torsion of the rear swing arm more significantly affect the weave mode stability. These are primarily due to the phase changes of the external force generated by the yaw rate in the lateral motion. The phase change of the yaw rate force in the lateral motion originates from the phase change of the tire side forces.


This paper describes a framework to detect authorship of eBay images. It contains three modules: editing style summarization, classification and multi-account linking detection. For editing style summarization, three approaches, namely the edge-based approach, the color-based approach, and the color probability approach, are proposed to encode the common patterns inside a group of images with similar editing styles into common edge or color models. Prior to the summarization step, an edge-based clustering algorithm is developed. Corresponding to the three summarization approaches, three classification methods are developed accordingly to predict the authorship of an unlabeled test image. For multi-account linking detection, to detect the hidden owner behind multiple eBay seller accounts, two methods to measure the similarity between seller accounts based on similar models are presented.


Calls for government-funded activities to be "evidence based" are ubiquitous. "Gold standard" studies, including randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews (Isett, Head, and VanLandingham 2016), have expanded the availability of evidence-based programs and practices (VanLandingham and Silloway 2016). However, because of their complexity, large-scale policies (comprising services, laws, rules, and regulations implemented at the population level) are more difficult to study experimentally, resulting in evidence gaps.


The utility model relates to an elevator balance compensation chain guiding device used for balancing a traction elevator. The elevator balance compensation chain guiding device comprises guiding wheels, guiding wheel shafts and a connecting bracket, wherein the guiding wheels are fixedly arranged on the guiding wheel shafts and are four cylindrical barrels, the elevator balance compensation chain guiding device further comprises four L-shaped connecting angle plates, two adjacent guiding wheels are vertically fixed in a manner of enabling the corresponding guiding wheel shafts to penetrate through the corresponding connecting angle plates, and the connecting bracket is provided with connecting plates and is fixedly connected with the connecting angle plates through the connecting plates. After the above technical scheme is adopted, the four mutually-vertical guiding wheels define a space, when the elevator balance compensation chain guiding device is used, a balance compensation chain shuttles back and forth in the space, in such a way, the activity space of the balance compensation chain is defined, the applied force of the balance compensation chain acts on the guiding wheels no matter the applied force is in a left and right direction or in a front and back direction, and the former technical problem that the balance compensation chain deviates from a single guiding wheel is solved, therefore the balance compensation chain is effectively prevented from swinging, and the stability of an elevator is improved.


Herein we describe a novel approach to the aryl-substituted nitrogen heterocycles based on the acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization / intermolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction sequence of nitrogenand phosphorus-containing acetals with aromatic nucleophiles. The proposed approach benefits from usage of readily available starting materials, nontoxic / inexpensive catalysts and provides a convenient route to the Cand N-substituted imidazolidine, pyrrolidine and piperazine derivatives.


Objective
To compare the biological characteristics of nucleus pulposus-derived stem cells (NPSCs), annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells (AFSCs) and cartilage endplate-derived stem cells (CESCs) from the same patient who had degenerative disc.

Methods
The human discs isolated from 7 patients with intervertebral disc herniation were separated carefully and digested and filtered before getting the original NPSCs, AFSCs and CESCs. When cultivated to third passage, the cell activity of stem cells was analyzed by using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8); multilineage (adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic) differentiation potential was analyzed to define different stem cells. The total RNA of third-passage-cells was extracted, and then reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation-related genes.

Results
Cell morphology of NPSCs, AFSCs and CESCs from the same patient showed no significant difference. The growth curve showed that proliferative ability of CESCs (A value at day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 was 0.35±0.01, 0.52±0.02, 0.64±0.08, 0.80±0.19, 0.79±0.2, 1.06±0.11, 1.37±0.09, 1.31±0.41) and AFSCs (0.38±0.01, 0.50±0.03, 0.72±0.06, 0.82±0.13, 0.87±0.08, 0.87±0.09, 1.20±0.05, 1.43±0.05)was more active than that of NPSCs (0.32±0.02, 0.42±0.04, 0.59±0.01, 0.64±0.17, 0.65±0.19, 0.68±0.21, 0.67±0.12, 0.59±0.12). Multilineage differentiation results showed adipocyte-like red by oil red O, osteocyte-like cells were stained red by Alizarin red, and chondrocyte-like cells blue by toluidine blue. The RT-PCR results showed that AFSCs was better than NPSCs and CESCs in the aspect of the expression of adipogenic [the relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) gene was 6.85±0.32 vs. 6.63±0.50 and 7.21±0.21; the relative expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene was 13.72±0.37 vs. 8.41±0.42 and 10.62±0.37] and chondrogenic [the relative expression of type 2 collagen (COL-2) gene was 10.45±1.10 vs. 3.53±0.62 and 8.26±0.49; the relative expression of sex determining region Y-box 9(SOX-9) gene was 14.39±1.22 vs. 7.66±0.68 and 13.70±1.10] differentiation-related genes, whereas the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes was best in CESCs[the relative expression of runt related transcription factor-2(RUNX-2) gene was 7.30±1.1 vs. 2.61±0.06 and 6.20±0.92; the relative expression of COL-2 gene was 8.22±0.84 vs. 7.05±0.82 and 4.94±0.90] and the expression of adipogentic differentiation-related genes, particularly LPL gene was worse in NPSCs.

Conclusion
The cell morphology was similar among NPSCs, AFSCs and CESCs in vitro, but biological characteristics of those were different. Induced differentiation and RT-PCR results both showed that AFSCs had more advantages than NPSCs and CESCs in the field of intervertebral disc tissue engineering.

Key words:
Intervertebral disc degeneration; Nucleus pulposus stem cells; Annulus fibrosus stem cells; Cartilaginous endplate stem cells; Biological characteristics


SUMMARY Differential waveform analysis provides an excellent tool for studying the attenuation properties of the top of the inner core. We analyse 108 PKP(BC) versus PKP(DF) waveforms from Global Digital Seismograph Network (GDSN) verticalcomponent seismograms to constrain the frequency and depth dependency of Qa in this region. We use both frequency- and time-domain techniques. In the timedomain method, the BC phase is mapped onto the DF phase using an attenuation band operator. The mapping operator is parameterized by the upper and lower cut-off frequencies of the absorption band, the time shift required to align these two phases, and t*, the integrated effect of Q;' in the top of the inner core. In the frequency-domain analysis, multitaper spectral estimation is used to compute the complex spectrum of the two phases. The shape of the amplitude spectrum of the spectral ratio between these two phases gives an estimate of en. Similar results are obtained from frequency- and time-domain analysis but t he Qa obtained from frequency-domain analysis is approximately 20 per cent greater than the value obtained from time-domain analysis. We prefer the frequency-domain results since they are not affected by the presence of noise at higher frequencies. Apparent Qa values exhibit considerable scatter with no clear frequency or depth dependence. We find that the average value of Qa in the top of the inner core is about 360 which is consistent with previous body wave studies but differs by a factor of two from values obtained from studies of the decay of free oscillations.


The application of the principles of Good Government Governance, internal control, organizational commitment, and leadership style is very important in organizational management. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of Good Government Governance, intellectual control, organizational commitment, and leadership style on the performance of regional apparatus organizations (OPD) in Karangasem Regency. This study uses a quantitative approach using primary data. The sampling method used was saturated sampling technique. The sample used is 3 employees in each regional apparatus organization (OPD) with a total of 32 (OPD). The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. Based on the results of this study, it shows that the influence of Good Government Governance, internal control, organizational commitment, and leadership style has a positive effect on the organizational performance of OPD Karangasem Regency.
Keywords: Good Government Governance; Internal Control; Organizational Commitment; Organizational Performance Leadership Style.


Three female patients with acute multifocal subretinal central lesions and with almost complete recovery of macular function are presented. The findings and the course of the disease are very similar to acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy described initially by Gass in 1968. Etiology of the disease could not be determined, but the history of solar exposition in two patients suggests the possibility of an exogenous factor.


The current state of the issue of developing the urban planning documentation of planning projects and land surveying projects of linear objects (PPLS) of the street-road network is analyzed. The article discusses a systematic approach to optimizing the development process of PPLS based on the use of modern technical solutions that take into account a significant number of factors. The presented technology of the PPLS development is aimed at involving all interested participants in the development process, makes it possible to take into account the interests of city residents as much as possible and is recommended for preparing urban planning instructions such as SP (mandatory standards) 42.13330.2011 applications. It is established that the use of innovative approaches to transport modeling is necessary at every stage of urban planning and design and can reduces the time spent on the development of urban planning documentation and improve the quality of research. Promising areas of research, such as geosocial analytics, work with "big" data, introduction of modern information models that take into account the entire life cycle of a linear object of transport infrastructure, were identified. The result is an increase in the accuracy and objectivity of urban planning decisions approved.


In this article, we describe an interactive classroom activity designed to help students encounter social exchange theory in action. During the "What Do You Have to Offer Me?" exercise, each student selected seven cards, each containing a characteristic related to personality, physical characteristics, family history, finances, ideology, and occupation. Students were then asked to mill around the room and find someone with whom they would be interested in developing a relationship, based on the assigned characteristics. Once all students found a partner and were seated, students reflected on the process of the activity, as well as its application to social exchange theory. In addition to providing details of the activity, we conclude with student reflections and evaluative data on the exercise.


In recognition of a pressing need of the 1980s to optimize the two-way flow of information between a ground-based user and a remote-space-based sensor, an end-to-end approach to the design of information systems has been adopted at the JPL. This paper reviews End-to-End Information System (EEIS) activity at the JPL, with attention given to the scope of the EEIS transfer function, and functional and physical elements of the EEIS. The relationship between the EEIS and the NASA End-to-End Data System program is discussed.


As companies introduced ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems since the middle of 1990s, the databases of the companies has become centralized and gigantic. The companies are now developing data-mining based applications on those centralized and gigantic databases for knowledge management. Almost of them are using /C++, a embedded SQL programming language, and it`s because the /C++ is independent of platforms and also fast. However, they suffer from difficulties in development and maintenance due to the characteristics of corporate databases which have intrinsically large number of tables and fields. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a methodology which makes it easier to develop and maintain embedded SQL applications based on relational databases. Firstly, this article analyzes the syntax of /C++ and addresses the concept of repetition and duplication which causes the difficulties in development and maintenance of corporate information systems. Then, this article suggests a management architecture of source codes and databases in which a preprocessor generates /C++ source codes by referring a DB table specification, which would solve the problem of repetition and duplication. Moreover, this article also suggests another architecture of DB administration in which the preprocessor generates DB administration commands by referring the same table specification, which would solve the problem of repetition and duplication again. The preprocessor, named , has been developed under the UNIX command-line prompt environment to preprocess /C++ source codes and SQL administration commands, and is under update to be used in another DB interface environment like ODBC and JDBC, too.


The ALMA project hardware development is a challenge for many research groups and commercial companies. It is not common that state-of art performance must be combined with reliability and low cost in high frequency radiometer hardware. The ALMA Water Vapor Radiometer is a complete radiometer system consisting of quasi optics, calibration system, 183 GHz mixers and LNA's, local oscillator system and filter-bank back-end. This is supported by an embedded computer, a high performance power system and an advanced thermal control of the complete system as well as key components. Omnisys is responsible for the design, implementation, verification and production of 60 WVR's. The development part of the project is 12 months from kick-off to delivery of the first unit, including verification. The design will not be based on the demonstration models in any sense, not on component level, not on subsystem level and not on system level. The only common parts are that it is a switched system and a schottky mixer is used in the Front-End. The preliminary design indicates a mass of less than 25 kg and a power consumption of 25-30 W for the complete instrument, including features and functions such thermal stabilization, a chopper wheel and extensive monitoring and control. The radiometer system optimization as such will be presented.


This thesis investigates the ways in which ideas about class, gender, and race are produced and articulated through the body in the Nancy Drew Mystery series in the 1930s. Physical descriptions and bodily movements, as well as material surroundings, work together to reify and contradict dominant ideas of normalcy and deviance being located on the body. INDEX WORDS: 1930, Adolescent, Body, Class, Gender, Literature, Nancy Drew, Race THE MYSTERY OF THE BODY: EMBODIMENT IN THE NANCY DREW MYSTERY SERIES


beath this, peraps to the extent of an inch d:ep. This vriety of pustule, when situated on the forehea, is very fb aidable; the ulceration to which it gives rise commonly extends to the bones of the head, the upper laminse of which become carious in consequence. The pustule, the crust, and the ulcer are, then, three stages of pustular secondary syphilis. When the ulcer heals under the crust, the crust falls off, if you adopt a proper plan of treatment; and you will find that the cicatrix which marks the healing of the ulcer underneath the crust is always depressed to a greater or less extent in the skin, sometimes very much so, and is vividly red. If you put the patient into a hot or vapour bath after the healing of the ulcer, you will find that this redness will be very apparent; and it will continue until the whole of the syphilitic virus is cradicated. The treatment resolves itself into three modes: a treatment by diet; a local treatment in certain stages; and a constitutional treatment. The diet depends very much upon the age of the patient and his constitution. If you have a young strong man of 22, put him on low diet, on broth and milk. You rarely have, however, pustular secondary syphilis at all, or certainly not to any formidable extent in persons otherwise of good health; it is a disease of a feeble habit of body, and marks essentially that condition described as the syphilitic temperament. If, on the other hand, you have a patient where the skin is white, pulse frequent, and pustules large, he must be put on good diet, plenty of animal food, and porter or ale. The treatment by sweating, starving, and purging, is generally an unsatisfactory plan, although recommended by some persons. Under a low diet, I have seen the sores of pustular syphilis rapidly spread. At the head of all remedies in the treatment of pustular secondary syphilis must stand the mercurial vapour bath, prepared and used as I have frequently shown you, accordmig to the printed directions* I have more than once had occasion to allude to. The bath should be used to the extent of gentle diaphoresis three times a week. A generous diet should be associated with it. The next best remedies are the iodides of mercury, with the iodide of iron, and the iodide of potassium, with sarsaparilla and bark, according to circumstances and particular indications. There are two iodides of mercury, a proto-iodide or ioduret, a yellow salt, and the biniodide, of a beautiful red colour. The former may be given in doses of half-a-grain to two grains, the latter in doses of one-sixteenth to one-eighth of a grain. Their properties are said by Cazenave to be injured by their union with opium. As far as my experience goes, patients in this country rarely bear the iodide of mercury well. They always complain of the griping pain and nausea it produces. They may then be treated with the biniodide of mercury, which is generally borne better; but that requires to be given in small doses, the twentieth or twelfth of a grain; and you may give it two or three times a day in a solution of iodide of potassium. Patients generally bear this better than the iodide. This form would answer very well. HXd. biniodidi gr. i. Potass. iodidi 3ii. , i. A\quic distillatoe Ji. MI. A teaspoonful to be given twice or three times a day in some decoction of the woods, such as saponaria, guiacum, or sarsaparilla. I generally prefer, however, giving from five to ten grains of Plummer's pill at night, with the iodide of potassium in the daytime. The iodide of potassium I believe rarely cures without the assistance of some preparation of mercury. One of the patients now in the hospital has been treated in this way, and the result has been most satisfactoryv. The other patient has been treated rather differently, by five grains only of Plummer's pill at night, and the iodide of potassium in fifteen grain doses twice in the day. He has a deep secondary ulcer secreting a great quantity of


Summary

Summary A poly(l-lactide-co-caprolactone), P(LL-co-CL), 75:25 mol % copolymer was synthesized via the bulk ring-opening copolymerization of l-lactide (LL) and ϵ-caprolactone (CL) at 130 °C for 48 hrs. The P(LL-co-CL) copolymer obtained was characterized in terms of its molecular weight (GPC), copolymer composition (1H-NMR), monomer sequencing (13C-NMR) and thermal properties (DSC, TGA). For processing, the P(LL-co-CL) was melt spun into a monofilament fiber with fast cooling and minimal draw in order to produce an as-spun fiber that was largely amorphous and unoriented. This enabled the required oriented semi-crystalline morphology to be gradually built into the as-spun fiber in a series of controlled off-line annealing and hot-drawing steps. The final fiber, which combined sufficient tensile strength with flexibility for use as a suture material, exhibited a stress and strain at break of 344 MPa and 70%, respectively.


We propose a method to estimate reservoir properties by matching seismic to very large numbers of pseudo-wells. Each pseudo-well consists of a full suite of well-log curves based on a comprehensive rock physics model. The pseudo-wells are calibrated to real wells and constrained by the seismic interpretation with stochastic micro-layering. The input seismic data are colour inverted angle stacks (optionally multiple angle stacks). The inversion algorithm is 1D, Monte-Carlo. All pseudo-wells are generated completely independently of any previous result and no spatial correlation is enforced. No low-frequency model is required. The procedure also provides estimates of uncertainties allowing the results to be integrated with other data types in a Bayesian framework. We outline the process and illustrate showing application to a deep marine turbidite field.


We study 5D gauge symmetries in the Randall-Sundrum geometry that are hidden from the standard model through either small 5D gauge coupling, or through vanishing quantum numbers for the standard model fields. Geometric warping of 5D gravity creates a TeV-scale bridge from the standard model to the hidden sector gauge fields. We apply these concepts to a revival of the electroweak axion model, in which the dynamics of Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking occur at the TeV scale.


Despite the long and successful history of research on agriculturally relevant domestic animals, basic and translational research using domestic species is becoming increasingly threatened due to budgetary erosion. This funding decline is well documented in a recent article by Ireland et al. (1), published in the Journal of Animal Science, which summarizes 2 workshops on the "Advantages of Agriculturally Important Domestic Species as Biomedical Models" held jointly by the NIH and the USDA in 2004 and 2007. The current Web site (2) for this effort contains several important links, including those to several recently published editorials.

In addition to budgetary erosion, Ireland et al. (1) document the decline in the number of scientists trained to use domestic animal models and also discuss contributors to this decline, such as the relatively minor competitive grants program at USDA; the overwhelming use of mouse models in biomedical research; the lack of advocacy for domestic animal models by university administrations; the cultural barrier between agricultural colleges, basic science departments, and medical schools; and less than adequate grantsmanship by animal scientists. Finally, Ireland et al. (1) discuss various solutions to these problems based on recommendations from the joint NIH-USDA workshops.

Particularly relevant to the readership of The Journal of Nutrition, our current understanding of nutritional principles and applications has been tremendously aided by both discovery- and application-based research with domestic species. The use of animal models and the importance of collaboration between animal and human nutritionists in examining the role of nutrition in human health and disease were recently highlighted in an ASN symposium (3). The broad nutritional areas of energetics (4,5), proteins (6), carbohydrates and lipids (7), vitamins (8), minerals (9), and growth and body composition have been heavily underpinned with research using livestock species. Additionally, for most known macro- and micronutrients, the contributions of livestock animal models to our current understanding are extensive. Early work in the area of energetics and micronutrients was instrumental in spawning the fields of biochemistry and subsequently molecular biology (4). The history of nutritional research is replete with examples of complementary research efforts in agriculturally relevant species, rodents, and humans, with breakthroughs in each fostering the work in the others (3,10,11).

Domestic animal models have also been critical to biomedical research over the last several centuries, contributing to many of the major advances in medicine and surgery. For example, research in embryology, which has provided the basis for understanding developmental processes, including birth defects and related disorders, has relied heavily on animal models, including domestic species, from ancient times to the present (12). The use of appropriate animal models, including those with agricultural relevance, continues to be critical in nutritional and biomedical research (3,13). Current examples include ovine models of maternal nutritional impacts on developmental programming (14), porcine models of obesity and metabolic syndrome (15), and bovine models of fat synthesis and its regulation (16).

The use of domesticated or managed animals in research, including cattle, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, poultry, and aquatic species, is important for enhancing the efficiency of animal production, especially as related to improving human nutrition, whereas research on zoo and other exotic animals is critical for species conservation (17). Many of the breakthroughs in animal nutrition, animal breeding/genetics, animal reproduction, animal production methods, meat science and muscle biology, animal behavior, and animal health and well-being have resulted from research conducted at U.S. land-grant universities as well as private enterprises [e.g. see Cromwell (18) and various other American Society of Animal Science Centennial Papers being published in the Journal of Animal Science in 2008 and 2009]. In the last several decades, an important factor contributing to these research advances has been funding for basic research via the USDA's competitive grants program, despite its small size.

Research using domestic animals also contributes importantly to the global effort to alleviate poverty and promote human health and this is especially important to developing countries (19,20). As Randolph et al. (19) stated in a recent review, "Animal-source foods are particularly appropriate for combating malnutrition and a range of nutritional deficiencies … [and] livestock clearly offer the most efficient utilization of resources that would otherwise go unexploited…." Both Randolph et al. (19) and Murphy and Allen (20) document how research with domestic animals has contributed and will continue to contribute importantly to global health and socioeconomic well-being as we meet the challenges of the 21st century, including the ever increasing needs of a rapidly expanding world population.

One solution proposed by Ireland et al. (1) to the decline in funding for and training in the use of domestic animal models, namely "… a large financial enhancement of USDA's competitive grants program …," has received some attention in the recently passed 2008 Farm Bill, with the formation of a National Institute for Food and Agriculture and authorization for expansion of the USDA's competitive grants program (21; see Section 7406, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008). Although it is an important first step, this authorization notably comes without provision for the additional funds that will be required to make this important initiative truly effective. Another solution (1), "… greater NIH and USDA cooperation to sponsor use of agricultural animals as dual-purpose animal models that benefit agriculture and biomedicine …," also needs to be addressed to target funding toward research using such domestic animal models.

Together, we must pursue resolutions to all of the problems contributing to the decline in research utilizing domestic animal models. Our administrative and political leaders must become engaged in finding the critically needed support that will ensure a future cadre of well-trained animal scientists who can effectively use domestic species to resolve important problems in animal and human nutrition, animal production, and biomedicine. Otherwise, research using domestic animals can be expected to continue its rapid decline.


Metal phase molybdenum disulfide (1T-MoS2) is considered a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this work, an interface engineering-induced strategy is reported to prepare a 1T-MoS2/NiS heterostructure. The 1T-MoS2/NiS heterostructure exhibits an enhanced HER activity compared with that of the 1T-MoS2 in 1.0 M KOH. It achieves an overpotential of 0.12 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 69 mV dec−1. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the interface engineering-induced 1T-MoS2/NiS heterostructure exhibits regulated electronic states of the S sites in 1T-MoS2, thus promoting the HER activity. This work demonstrates that tuning the electronic structure through interface engineering to enhance the intrinsic activity of electrocatalysts is a feasible strategy.


Sulforaphane found in vegetables is an isothiocyanate and has strong anticancer effect.Broccoli seeds were used as materials,influences of degreasing,pH value,temperature,time,buffer liquor weight and Vc concentration on formation of sulforaphane were studied.Results show that the best enzymatic condition was that degreased with benzinum,hydrolyzed in Tris-HCl enzymatic hydrolyzing liquor of pH 5 with the temperature was 15℃,the weight ratio of broccoli seed and buffer liquor was 1∶3.33,the Vc concentration was 0.07 kg/m3,the hydrolyzing time was 16 h.


Thyratrons are limited in lifetime and maximum repetition rate. For some applications it is necessary to replace the thyratron by a semiconductor switch. Therefore it is necessary to compress the pulses by nonlinear inductances. In a magnetic pulse compression network three main losses exist. In principle the copper conducting losses can be infinitely reduced. The losses in the capacitors are very small and can principally also be reduced to an infinite degree. But the core losses are different. Due to the fact that the material is magnetized from one saturation to the other, the losses depend only on the material and the magnetization speed. The losses in these cores essentially determine the max. attainable pulse frequency. A procedure is presented on how these losses can be easily determined. Different materials are presented and also their behavior under different conditions.


A 46 year old previously fit and healthy male was admitted with a right femoral artery embolus, which was immediately removed by percutanous thrombectomy. The ECG showed sinus tachycardia and incomplete right bundle branch block. Echocardiography identified left ventricular apical thrombi and left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) as …


This study examined the constructs of need for cognition and intelligence (using the constituent crystallized and fluid abilities that comprise overall intelligence) in relation to one another and over aging. Fifty young-old adults (54-69 years old) and 55 old-old adults (70-92 years old) were tested on a variety of measures, of which need for cognition, digit symbol (a measure of fluid intelligence), and vocabulary (a test of crystallized intelligence) were identified as outcome variables. The results suggest that need for cognition is significantly correlated to crystallized intelligence, need for cognition remains stable over aging, and fluid intelligence is best predicted by age. Need for Cognition 2 My aging related research experience includes participation in a lab investigating beliefs and goals of individuals ranging from college age to elderly. Responsibilities in the lab include administering memory measures (e.g., the BTACT, the TICS) and other tasks over the telephone to old adults. As well, I have volunteer experience in the psychiatric inpatient unit at Shands Hospital. The majority of the patients in the unit are elderly, a large proportion of which suffer from some type of dementia. Interactions with these patients range from one-on-one conversations to participation in recreational group therapy sessions. Lastly, this research was done as a senior thesis. Dr. West was the supervisor. I began the literature review in early summer 2006 and finished the project in December of 2006. Need for Cognition 3 Imagine a world of equal opportunities; everything from genetic endowment to all aspects of one's environment evidencing no biases. Then alter one factor, an individual's internal motivation to seek out challenging cognitive stimulation, in psychological terms, one's need for cognition. What implications would this one construct have for how that person would learn and function in daily life? Would it affect intelligence, as measured by both inherent abilities and culture-specific acquired knowledge? Additionally, what does the variance of such a construct mean for intelligence over the developmental lifespan? Such questions are not only personally interesting but also at the crux of understanding why cognitive decline in old age is neither a uniform nor universal phenomenon. Need for cognition, a term originated by Cacioppo and Petty (1982), was defined as "the tendency of an individual to engage in and enjoy thinking" (as cited in Tidwell, Sadowski, & Pate, 2000). Initially studied in persuasion literature, need for cognition has as yet to illicit a cohesive and empirically supported literature base referencing its relationship to intelligence and cognitive functioning. Given such research limitations it is important to examine need for cognition and intelligence as individual constructs, as well as consider the available, though incomplete, associations evidenced in the current research. The primary focus of the need for cognition literature has been the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion proposed by Cacioppo and Petty (1986). This model states that individuals high in need for cognition process arguments via a central route in which facts are carefully considered, whereas those individuals low in need for cognition act as cognitive misers, utilizing a peripheral route in which available heuristics (such as speaker status and argument delivery) are employed to evaluate arguments rather than factual quality (as cited in Dickhäuser & Reinhard, 2006). Thus, need for cognition is not tantamount to intellectual capacity but rather reflects a motivational aspect to acquire knowledge. More recently, need for cognition research has included applications to the study of individual differences. Dickhäuser and Reinhard (2006) explored need for cognition's role in self-concept. Their results indicated that participants high in need for cognition made use of specific self-concepts (e.g., an individual's self-concept in math, as a specific domain of function) in assessing their expectancies of success, whereas those low in need for cognition relied on general self-concepts (e.g., overall appraisal of Need for Cognition 4 self). However, under particular conditions, expectancies of success were independent of the level of need for cognition. In particular, inducing high cognitive load (e.g., asking participants to remember a complex string of numbers while performing a second task) or high relevance (e.g., instructing participants that their self-ratings and actual performance will be compared) seemed to induce participants to employ specific self-concepts in assessing their expectancies of success, regardless of their need for cognition scores (Dickhäuser & Reinhard, 2006). Such studies point to need for cognition as a relatively stable dispositional construct; though its specific influence is neither independent nor invariant to situational factors (see also Cacioppo, Petty, Feinstein, & Jarvis, 1996). Strengthening the view that need for cognition represents a dispositional trait, personality factors have been related significantly to need for cognition. Such research largely came about as a result of studies which discovered a negative correlation between need for cognition and age. Scholars assumed that what is cognitively important, and thus likely to be preserved through practice in old age, may differ from abilities which are intellectually required during young adulthood, when the acquisition of knowledge is paramount (Stuart-Hamilton & McDonald, 2001). Thus, in demonstrating a relationship between need for cognition and age, researchers incited further inquiry into possible covarying factors, including personality. For instance, Brown (2006) demonstrated that once personality factors are accounted for, the correlation between need for cognition and age is actually negligible. Further, using the NEO-PI-R as a personality measure and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task as a measure of persistence (a component of need for cognition), Brown (2006) discovered that both the openness to experience and conscientiousness domains of personality significantly predicted whether an individual was high or low in need for cognition. Likewise, Sadowski and Cogburn (1997) found a significant correlation between need for cognition and openness to experience, and a significant correlation between need for cognition and conscientiousness. These findings are consistent with the notion that individuals who score high in the openness to experience domain of personality tend to exhibit an increased level of curiosity and by extension a greater degree of tolerance, which explains their higher scores on need for cognition measures (Sadowski & Cogburn, 1997). Need for Cognition 5 Interestingly, a link has also been made between personality and other intellectual abilities, suggesting, indirectly, a possible link between need for cognition and intelligence. Research by Baker and Bichsel (2006) reveals a relationship between cognitive functioning and the five factor personality domain of openness to experience. Specifically, three groups were delineated: young adults, older adults who were cognitively comparable to the younger adult group. and older adults who were cognitively superior to both groups. The measures consisted of the Big Five Personality Inventory and the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities. Results indicated that to fully understand the proposed relationship between intelligence and personality, one must examine the connection from a dynamic as well as developmental life-span perspective. For instance, crystallized intelligence was reliably predicted by the domain of openness to experience, but only for young adults (Baker & Bichsel, 2006). As a consequence of such parallel findings suggesting that need for cognition and intelligence are both related to a third variable (namely the openness to experience domain of personality), one can infer that need for cognition and intelligence may be related to each other. Though the relationship between need for cognition and intelligence has been rarely examined directly and the findings lack extensive replication, a relationship between need for cognition and intelligence (both broadly defined and specifically conceptualized) has been examined in past research. For instance, need for cognition has been shown to be positively, but modestly correlated with broadly defined intelligence measures (Cacioppo et al., 1996). In addition, knowledge, as measured by a factspecific multiple-choice test, was found to correlate significantly with need for cognition. Likewise, need for cognition and verbal ability were correlated significantly (Tidwell et al., 2000). These results suggest that need for cognition is at least somewhat important to the accumulation of knowledge (Tidwell et al., 2000). Likewise, it has been demonstrated by Stuart-Hamilton and McDonald (2001) that need for cognition correlates significantly with Piagetian tasks. The relative lack of research literature examining the connection between need for cognition and intelligence, and some indication that developmental differences may be important for this relationship, drives the current research. This work explored the relationship between need for cognition and Need for Cognition 6 intelligence in aging. Before discussing specific hypotheses, it is important to review the intelligence literature, specifically as it applies to aging. Intelligence, broadly conceptualized, is characterized by four primary aspects: plasticity, the malleable or trainable nature of intelligence; multi-dimensionality, the multiple factors that make up intelligence; multi-directionality, the numerous avenues along which intelligence can develop; and inter-individual variability, the differences and changes in intelligence among individuals and across age (Sternberg & Berg, 1987). In looking at age-related patterns


Culture, Ideology, Hegemony-K. N. Panikkar 1995 This Work Is An Attempt To Understand And Explain How Indians Under Colonial Subjugation, Came To Terms With Their Past And Present, And Thus Envisioned A Future For Their Society. It Covers A Wide Range Of Issues, Moving From An Overview Of Religious And Social Ideas In Colonial India To More Empirical Studies Of Themes Like Indigenous Medicine, Family And Literary Fiction.


RECENTLY several papers have been published formly with respect to the medium II and in a on the propagation of electromagnetic waves in straight line along the x axis of the frame K with interpenetrating moving media, in particular in a velocity v, so that the x and the x' axes coplasma beams moving in a fixed plasma or in a incide and are parallel to the lines of force of the non-dispersive dielectric. 13 The range of probexternal magnetic field H, while the y' and z' lems for which suitable solutions have been given axes are parallel to the y and z axes. in sufficient completeness and for which expresThe electrical properties of medium I in the sions have been obtained for the damping (or frame K' are characterized by the tensor Efj. * build-up) coefficients of the waves is all the same Since we have assumed that media I and II are very limited. We attempt in the present paper to gyrotropic, the tensors Eij and Elj are Hermitian remedy this situation partly by solving the problem and thus Eij = Eji and Eb = Ejf. As we have in of the build-up (damping) coefficient of plane view a plasma in a constant external magnetic field, electromagnetic waves propagating in a plasma we shall also assume4 that E 12 = E 13 = Eta = Eb = 0. moving in a non-dispersive medium along the lines Once we know the tensors Eij and Elj• we can of force of a constant and uniform magnetic field. determine the tensors of the moments (the polariWe shall determine the damping coefficients of zation and magnetization tensors) Mij (II, K) and the waves by a phenomenological method proposed Mij (I, K') in the fixed and the moving media. The earlier. 2 The main point of this method is that we components of the electromagnetic fields D, B, E, first find the phenomenological equations that reand H which are defined in the frame of reference late the electromagnetic fields in the interpenetratK, enter, of course, also into the tensor Mij (II, K), ing media. By combining these equations with the and into the tensor Mij (I, K') the components of Maxwell equations describing the propagation of the fields D', B', E', and H' in the frame of refplane electromagnetic waves, we can obtain a diserence K', which are found from the unprimed persion relation of the form f ( w, k) = 0, where fields by a Lorentz transformation. Using a Lorentz w is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave transformation to transform the tensor of the moand k its wave vector. Solving the dispersion ments Mij (I, K' ) to the frame of reference K, we relation we find the required damping coefficients can find the resulting tensor of the moments in the for the wave. frame K We shall derive the dispersion relation for the case where a non-magnetic, anisotropic, and gyrotropic medium I moves in a fixed non-magnetic medium II, which is also anisotropic and gyrotropic. (A plasma in a constant magnetic field has such properties.) The medium II is at rest in the laboratory frame of reference, and its electrical properties are characterized by its dielectric -constant tensor E ij. The medium I, which is related to a frame of reference K', moves uniMil (I, II, K) = Mii (II, K)


On the basis of the present situation of the five guarantee system,the feasibilities of administrative litigation and civil procedure were argued from the legal point of view,hoping to improve the five guarantees' welfare and social harmony.


Dynamic distributed algorithm for provisioning of resources has been proposed to support heterogeneous multi-cloud environment. Multi-cloud infrastructure heterogeneity implies the presence of more diverse sets of resources and constraints that aggravate competition among providers. Sigmoidal and logarithmic functions have been used as the utility functions to meet the indicated constraints in the Service Level Agreement (SLA). Spot instances as the elastic tasks can be supported with logarithmic functions while the algorithm always guaranteed sigmoidal functions have the priority over the elastic tasks. The model uses diverse sets of resources scheduled in a multi-clouds environment by the proposed Ranked method in a time window "slice". The paper proposes multi-dimensional self-optimization problem in distributed autonomic computing systems to maximize the revenue and diminish cost of services in the pooled aggregated resources of multi-cloud environment.


Abstract To establish the use of TEHDGA/isodecylalcohol/n-dodecane solvent system for actinide partitioning from HLW, the hydrolytic and radiolytic stability of the solvent was investigated. Hydrolysis of TEHDGA with nitric acid at room temperature was not observed. Radiolytic degradation was observed and found to increase with increase in absorbed dose. It was found that the presence of n-dodecane enhances the degradation of TEHDGA whereas isodecyl alcohol, the phase modifier, has no such effect. At gamma-radiation dose as high as 0.2 MGy, no significant loss of TEHDGA was observed. The degradation products were identified by GC-MS, the main products were formed by cleavage of ether and amide bonds of TEHDGA molecule. The extraction behavior of Am(III) at 4.0 M HNO3 does not vary much with increase in absorbed dose, however stripping behavior is affected by the presence of acidic degradation products formed during radiolysis. The findings indicate that the solvent retains its expected extraction and stripping properties up to a high gamma-radiation dose of 0.2 MGy. Irradiated solvent was purified and made suitable for reuse by treating it with 5% w/v Na2CO3 solution, basic alumina and finally by distillation at reduced pressure.


Five polymorphic regions (a to e) have been recognized within the TNF gene region. These polymorphisms appear to be of biological importance as individual alleles have been associated with higher production of TNF and/or an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes mellitus. We report here the detection of four new alleles designated a14 (122 bp), b8 (131 bp), b9 (132 bp), and d0 (122 bp) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls from the Pacific Northwest. This increases to 39 the number of alleles now recognized at these loci.


African-American and White high-school students were exposed to a series of music videos featuring (a) popular rock, Co) nonpolitical rap, or (c) radical political rap. They recorded their enjoyment after exposure. In a purportedly unrelated subsequent study, the students, after assessment of their self-esteem, took part in a mock student-government election. African-American and White candidates presented ethnically (a) liberal, (b) neutral, or (c) radical platforms. It was found that African-American students enjoyed rap more than rock, whereas White students enjoyed rock more than rap. More important, musical genres were without consequence for the self-esteem of African-American students. Self-esteem of White students was marginally affected: Compared to exposure to rock, it was higher after exposure to rap, hut only with regard to scholastic abilities. Musical genres were also without consequence for African-American students' support of candidates. In contrast, White students' candidate support was ...


Of all of those involved in the Crusades, possibly the most fascinating is Salah al-Din or Saladin. He has been credited as the paragon of chivalry, romanticized as the most humane of all participants in the wars, and also demonized as a crafty political manipulator. The author's agenda as well as the primary sources used usually determine the depiction of Saladin. Although the Christian sources recognize that Saladin was certainly a unique character with several remarkable qualities, in them, he remained the enemy and an infidel. In many of the Muslim sources, Saladin was simply a man with no equal in terms of virtue. The truth is that Saladin was none of these, yet all of these.


Though it has changed some in recent years, spring training continues to be a time of renewal for baseball. Teams and fans, many from the snowy climes of the north, descend on Florida and Arizona to begin preparing for what they are sure will be a trip to the World Series. With the pace of the game a little slower, fans close to the action, and players more accessible, the sport seems to return to its roots for a brief, idyllic of time. Based on the author's visits to each of the 26 current spring training ballparks - 17 in Florida and 9 in Arizona - this reference work first provides a detailed description of the ballpark as it currently exists, plus information on its history. Next comes the spring training history of the resident major league team (or teams, for the four parks that are shared), along with information about noteworthy spring training sites that were, or still are, located near the existing ballpark. Information on the area surrounding the ballpark completes the entry, focusing on other baseball and sports-related attractions in the area.~An appendix provides a full listing of every major league team's spring training sites since 1914. Heavily illustrated.


Background: Bovine-derived collagen gel has been used in the medical field as an injection formulation, but there are concerns about cross-infection such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy. In this study, we attempted to use fish as a safe alternative to bovine collagen. Objective: Fish collagen has not been used in clinical settings, so we examined its potential by comparing its properties with those of bovine-derived collagen. Methods: Collagen was extracted from the ventral skin of flatfish. It was cross-linked with 1%, 3%, or 5% of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and treated with 1%, 5%, or 10% of lactose. Hydroxyproline contents and Young's modulus (elasticity) were measured. In addition, these were injected under the back of BALB/c nude mice and the amount of hydroxyproline was observed. Histological examination of the samples was also conducted. Results: The amount of hydroxyproline in fish collagen was 3.3 ± 0.3 μg/mg. The 3% collagen gel treated with 5% EDC and 5% lactose had the highest Young's modulus and was closest to the bovine-derived collagen injection formulation. When injected into mice, it was retained in vivo for about 90 days. Conclusions: Fish collagen has a low denaturation temperature and is unstable and easily biodegrades in mammalian organisms. However, it is possible to approach the properties of conventional mammalian collagen by cross-linking and lactose treatment, suggesting that fish collagen can be used as a scaffold for cells in regenerative medicine.


To the Editor—I read with interest the recent metaanalysis by Purkayastha et al., which compares outcomes between laparoscopic surgery for diverticular disease (LDS) and open surgery (ODS). Twelve studies were included in the final analysis with a total of 19,608 patients, of which 1,192 patients had LDS and 18,416 underwent ODS. A single study from Guller et al. contributed 18,444 patients, which comprised 709 patients who underwent LDS and 17,735 who underwent ODS. Purkayastha et al. point out that there are no randomized trials that compare LDS and ODS, but the role of laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer has been examined in the CLASICC and COST trials. Quite correctly, in both trials the patients converted from a laparoscopic to open procedure (29 percent in CLASICC, 21 percent in the COST) are analyzed as laparoscopic patients on an intention-to-treat basis. In the CLASICC study, 30-day mortality was 9 percent in the converted subgroup compared with 5 percent in the open group and 1 percent in the fully laparoscopic group, although this was not significant after adjustment for stratification factors. Even after this adjustment, it was found that "converted individuals had the most complications from surgery." Furthermore, median time to discharge was 9 days in the laparoscopic group, 11 days in the open group, and 12 days in the converted subgroup. COST did not give details on the converted subgroup. Returning to diverticular disease, the problem with the study by Guller et al. is that it is a study of large administrative databases and depends on procedure codes for identifying patients undergoing LDS or ODS. On these databases, there is no code for conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery, and so these patients are coded as having undergone ODS rather than the intended LDS. The study by Guller et al. contributes 94.5 percent of the patient numbers in the meta-analysis of Purkayastha et al. An unknown number of patients in the former study, whom the surgeon intended to treat with LDS, were converted to ODS and are analyzed incorrectly as having been ODS patients. These would likely have been patients with bad disease, difficult surgery, and possibly higher morbidity and mortality, and yet they were removed from the laparoscopic group and placed into the open group. This skews the data an unknown (but likely substantial) amount in favor of LDS. I am a firm advocate of laparoscopic resection for diverticular disease; however, the meta-analysis by Purkayastha et al. is deeply flawed.


The term Little Ice Age was originally coined by F Matthesin 1939 to describe the most recent 4000 year climaticinterval (the Late Holocene) associated with a particularlydramatic series of mountain glacier advances and retreats,analogous to, though considerably more moderate than, thePleistocene glacial fluctuations. This relatively prolongedperiod has now become known as the Neoglacial period.The term Little Ice Age is, instead, reserved for the mostextensive recent period of mountain glacier expansion and isconventionally defined as the 16th–mid 19th century periodduring which European climate was most strongly impacted.This period begins with a trend towards enhanced glacialconditions in Europe following the warmer conditions ofthe so-called medieval warm period or medieval climaticoptimum of Europe (


I F "THE SITUATION" means the configuration of factors conditioning the behavior reaction,' it is a convenient concept for considering political activity within a community, for political action is peculiarly responsive to the multiplicity of forces in community life. This is the case to such an extent that it reflects the degree of integration as well as the quality of the various social processes occurring within a community. It is idle to condemn the nature of political processes without attempting to analyze their origin in community situations. This paper, therefore, examines the circumstances in modern community life which affect political action and the significant political results that emerge because these circumstances prevail. The term "community" will be used to indicate a group of people living in a contiguous area having common interests and activities which result from such habitation. Although the word has been used for a long time, this connotation of the term has received increasing emphasis since C. J. Galpin demonstrated the physical reality of the rural communities in Walworth County, Wisconsin, and numerous social surveys were made in different parts of the United States. Due partly to this new connotation of the term and its application to social organization, many adults have only a vague understanding of the nature of community life and have even less definite ideas about the social processes occurring within it. They do not think of the community situation as being the foundation for the political processes that occur, nor do they see the relationship between the two. This unfamiliarity with community life is one characteristic of the community situation which affects political action. People understand neither the cause nor the methods used in carrying on their political affairs and hence are unable to control them. Another circumstance which has confused the relationship between the community situation and political action is the ecological nature of the community. Its physical boundary varies, depending upon the interests that are being considered and the circumstances affecting the length and shape of the borderline at any particular time. The community is in part a product of natural forces, whereas political areas are socially determined and relatively fixed. When governmental or political units were being formed in this country, there was a tolerable degree of correspondence be-


The mutual influence of acidity alkality of compounded complexing iron-multi-phenol type of de-sulfur catalyst on the aspects of gaseous liquid phase balance of H 2S, H 2S electrical potential of oxidation reduction reaction, absorption, purity, and equipment corrosion etc. was studied; the optimal pH value was determined for compounded complexing iron-multi-phenol type of solution of de-sulfur catalyst.


The researches want to prove that there are alternative media that can be used to help students learn English vocabulary. The aim of this study is to find out whether the use of the English subtitle in movie medium is really influential or not in upgrading students' vocabulary knowledge. Furthermore, to find out the significant difference between students who received treatment and students who did not receive treatment in improving vocabulary of the first-grade students in SMAN 1 Kakas in academic year 2021-2022. This study is quantitative experimental study with quasi experimental approach companied by pretest-posttest control group design which includes experimental group consisted of 20 students and control group consisted of 20 students. Both groups were given pre-test and post-test. The data analysis by using t-test showed that the experimental group's average score is 68.35 and control group's average score is 56.90. It can be concluded that there is a difference in the average value of students' learning outcomes between students who received treatment and students who did not receive treatment. Therefore, the English subtitle in learning medium called movie has an effect in improving vocabulary on the first-grade students in SMAN 1 Kakas in academic year 2021-2022 and the alternative hypothesis (H1) in this study is accepted.


This chapter traces the rise of journalism as a profession in the nineteenth century and the changing attitudes both to journalists and journalism as the newspaper and periodical press evolved over the period. Using contemporary articles, histories, memoirs and biographies, the chapter assesses the changing status of journalists, and the gradual blurring of the distinction between writing for newspapers and contributing to the periodical press. It explores the ways in which discussions about journalism as a profession mapped onto discussions about professional authorship. The chapter also explores the role of women journalists, testing the theory that although exceptional women broke through the barriers of a predominantly masculine world, opportunities in journalism for most women were limited by the subjects they were permitted to write about and the confined spaces of women's magazines. Another section examines the roles of editors and proprietors and the move towards specialisation as sub-editors, reporters, special correspondents and leader writers took on specific tasks in the production of newspapers.  The final section explores the burgeoning discourse on journalism which was characteristic of the period, a palpable demonstration of the self-reflexivity of the new profession.


A Box in my office contains a collection of circuit cards, not unusual for an office at Bell Laboratories. Each card includes half a dozen transistors and an assortment of resistors and capacitors. They are old components, however, and the cards look as though they were pulled from one of the first transistor radios. But these cards are not radio boards. They are artifacts from the pioneering age of 'neuromimes', each one an artificial electronic neuron built in the early 1960s by Leon Harmon.


Following a 3‐day single‐dose kinetic study, 21 moderate to severely depressed inpatients were treated with 100 mg of nortriptyline nightly. Eighteen patients completed the 4‐wk trial. The severity of depression was measured by weekly Hamilton Rating Scale and global rating. Blood for plasma nortriptyline estimation was taken at weekly intervals 12 hr following the nighttime dose. There was a 610ld variation in mean plasma nortriptyline levels, ranging from 120 µg/L to 681 µg/L. Patients with high plasma levels (<200 µg/L) showed significantly poorer clinical responses than those with levels below this limit. This study provides very strong support for the view that, in routine treatment, high plasma nortriptyline levels are significantly less effective than intermediate levels. Single‐dose pharmacokinetic data obtained on the same patients showed a highly significant correlation with mean steady‐state plasma levels obtained, which themselves correlated with clinical response. The value of predicting high plasma nortriptyline levels which are associated with poor response is discussed.


Paul D. Spencer1*, Kirstin K. Holsman1, Stephani Zador1, Nicholas A. Bond2, Franz J. Mueter3, Anne B. Hollowed1, and James N. Ianelli1 NOAA-Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), Seattle, WA, USA Juneau Center, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA *Corresponding author: tel +1 206 526 4248; fax +1 206 526 6723; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of congenital heart disease (CHD) and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) in twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) treated with fetoscopic laser surgery and evaluate the role of increased afterload by determining the difference in blood pressure and endothelin-1 at birth between donor and recipient twins.

DESIGN
Prospective study.

SETTING
Tertiary medical center, serving as the national referral center for fetoscopic laser surgery for TTTS in The Netherlands.

PATIENTS
All consecutive cases of monochorionic twins with TTTS treated with laser (n = 46 twin pairs) and monochorionic twins without TTTS (n = 55 twin pairs) delivered at our center between June 2002 and June 2005 were included in the study.

INTERVENTIONS
Echocardiography was performed within 1 week after delivery. At birth, blood pressure was measured in all survivors and endothelin-1 was determined in umbilical cord blood. Data on RVOTO in TTTS treated with laser surgery at our center but delivered elsewhere were reviewed retrospectively from medical records.

RESULTS
The incidence of CHD in the TTTS group and non-TTTS group was 5.4% (4/74) and 2.3% (2/87) (P = .42), respectively. RVOTO was diagnosed in 1 recipient twin delivered at our center and 2 recipient twins delivered elsewhere. The incidence of RVOTO in recipients was 4% (3/75). Mean systolic blood pressure at birth was similar in donor and recipient twins, respectively, 53 mm Hg vs. 56 mm Hg (P = .42). Mean endothelin-1 level at birth was also similar between donors and recipients, respectively, 14.3 ng/L and 13.2 ng/L (P = .64).

CONCLUSION
The incidence of CHD in TTTS treated with fetoscopic laser surgery is higher than in the general population (5.4% vs. 0.5%). We found no difference in afterload parameters between donors and recipients after laser treatment.


Static friction is an important concept in introductory physics. Later in the year students apply their understanding of static friction under more complex conditions of static equilibrium. Traditional lab demonstrations in this case involve exceeding of the maximum level of static friction, resulting in the onset of motion.


The chapter examines how consumerism-one of the primary key themes in marketing and business courses- has evolved the last decade and envisages the shape of these set of courses in the future. From the 1,935 words for 20 key-concepts counted in 141 online course descriptions in English of the last 10 periods delivered by Business and Management Schools or Business/Marketing Academic Depts. of 88 Universities and Colleges, "Marketing", "business", "ethics" and "social responsibility" were included in 100% of the course descriptions analyzed, indicating their coverage by all courses. In order to investigate the five (5) research objectives, HCA was adopted for an exploratory analysis based on single-linkage clustering method to reveal natural groupings of the key concepts within a data set of word counts that were not apparent and then multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. The trend analyses indicated prospects for the increasing focus around specific topics. The interpretation of the research results based on the assumptions of Mezirow's critical reflection provided very strong recommendations.


The National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) established by Law 12,305/2010, mentions Reverse Logistics (RL) as a development tool for the return of the production cycle, and also presents instruments for shared responsibility for the life cycle of products. The RL of lubricating oils in post-consumption and return is linked to concern for the environment and sustainability in the business sphere. The aim of this study was to describe the RL process of gas stations and their tax benefits, through bibliographic and documentary research, in addition to an unstructured interview with professionals involved in the process and through a case study. It was found that compliance with environmental obligations imposed by the Government, such as the destination of used or contaminated lubricating oil packaging (OLUC), can be considered inputs that may generate PIS and COFINS credits, and the revenues obtained from the sale of the destination of OLUC may be considered as environmental revenues, as well as the structure of real estate to be measured as environmental assets.


In this paper, using MATLAB and Photoshop to digital photos and all sorts of color model of color characteristics are researched, and writes a small program through the digital image processing software MATLAB。According to the number of color information which reflects the same photo with different color model of the three-dimensional spectrum. Using Photoshop histogram to verify the practicality of three-dimensional spectra, which has certain value for handling the digital original manuscript.


The double-fed wind generator is taken as the study object and have introduced the double-fed wind power generation system of the basic structure.By use of Matlab/Simulink simulate the double-fed wind generator linked on the net and the dynamic stability is tested in wind perturbations.The results show that the doubly-fed wind generator has a certain degree of adaptability in wind disturbance and can stable operation of the system.


In March 2017, as a result of a precautionary interim decision made by the courts based on the case relating to 'unfair competition practices', Booking.com closed its platform for inbound tourism i...


Review(s) of: Asian and Pacific Inscriptions: Identities, Ethnicities, Nationalities, by Perera, Suvendrini, ed, special Issue of Meridian: The LaTrobe University English Review, 14(2), 1995. ISBN 1 86446 065 2. 254pp, $30.


Straits in the Mediterranean Sea are key areas for the characterisation of the water exchange between sub-basins. The physical properties of the water masses flowing through the Sicily Strait have been monitored since 1993 and the data analysis elucidated the seasonal and interannual variability of the fluxes and the changes in the water mass characteristics induced by the Eastern Mediterranean Transient. More recently, the monitoring at the Sicily Strait was extended to the concentration of nutrients and conservative tracers (in particular Cs) to identify the chemical signature of the waters leaving the Eastern Mediterranean, its modification along the pathway through the Channel and the characteristics of the water masses finally entering the Western Mediterranean.


- In recent times, the necessity of generating single document summary has gained popularity among the researchers due to its extensive applicability. Most of the automatic text summarization systems utilize extraction-based techniques for selecting the most significant portions of text to generate coherent summaries. In this paper we will analyze the performance of fuzzified neural network approach with the graph theory approach. In the proposed system, we have developed an efficient automatic text summarization system based neural network and fuzzy logic. In the training phase at first, the feature vector is computed for a set of sentences using the feature extraction technique. After that, the feature vector and their corresponding fuzzy score are used to train the neural network optimally. Later in the testing phase, the input document is subjected to preprocessing and feature extraction techniques. In order to obtain the sentence score for every sentence in the input document, the feature vector is fed to the trained neural network that returns the sentence score for every sentence. Finally, by making use of sentence score, the most important sentences are extracted from the input document. The experimentation is performed with the DUC 2002 dataset and the generated summary is evaluated with the measures such as Precision, recall and f-measure. The comparative results of our proposed approach with the graph theory approach produces better results by means of different compression rates.


Prof Dominique Lochegnies* reports on how 3D modelling has been successfully developed to achieve the micron precision needed to form glass moulds used in the optics industry. Particular attention is given to the use of thermal replication.


The highly efficient electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbing metal-free and carbon-rich ceramics derived from hyperbranched polycarbosilazanes are presented in this contribution. The novel metal-free hyperbranched polycarbosilazanes with pendant cyano groups (hb-PCSZ-cyano) were synthesized through aminolysis reaction and subsequent Michael addition reaction, i.e., cyanoethylation reaction. As metal-free preceramic precursors, the pyrolysis of hb-PCSZ-cyano under high temperature and argon atmosphere generated carbon-rich Si–C–N multiphase ceramics. The ceramics reserve amorphous structure even at high temperature. The introduction of cyano groups in precursors leads to numerous sp2 carbons and interface polarization in ceramics and favors the EM wave absorption performance. The minimum reflection coefficient (RC) value of Si–C–N multiphase ceramic is −59.59 dB at 12.23 GHz when the sample thickness is 2.30 mm, which means >99.99% electromagnetic waves can be absorbed. The effective absorption bandwidth (RC b...


The present invention, detergents and cleaners, in particular the use of (oxidized) thioethers of alcohol alkoxylates in dishwashing detergent, and the alcohol alkoxylates of the (oxide) detergents and cleaners containing a thioether, in particular to dishwashing detergent. Wherein (oxide) thioether is particularly suitable for use as surfactant having a rinse aid function (rinse aid surfactants). The term "oxidation" as sulfoxide (SO) or sulfonyl (SO .BACKGROUND


Due to the high dust concentration and low illuminance in coal mines, the collected images have shortcomings such as low contrast and overall darkness, which brings severe challenges to subsequent image registration and target detection. This paper proposes a mine image enhancement method based on deep learning and fusion strategies. First, CNN is used to decompose the image into illumination components and reflection components, and then based on the reflectivity consistency constraint and the illumination mapping smoothness constraint, the enhancement network is used to enhance the image And adjust to obtain the initial enhanced image, and then introduce the camera response model to simulate the multiple exposure process, find the best exposure rate, generate a virtual over-exposure image, and finally combine the original low-illuminance image, use image block decomposition for reconstruction and fusion to obtain underground low-illuminance Enhance the image. The experimental results show that compared with mainstream enhancement algorithms, the enhancement strategy in this article is better than other algorithms in subjective and objective evaluation. It can improve the contrast and brightness of the image while avoiding color distortion and over-enhancement, making it a follow-up image The processing work laid the foundation.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the herbicide effectiveness of IPA-Glyphosate (480 g/l) in control the common weeds on immature oil palm plantation. This study was performed in oil palm plantation at Rasau Jaya, Kubu Raya Regency, Kalimantan Barat Province. Vegetation analysis was conducted by using the square methods. Herbicide application carried out by a spraying method. Experiment arranged by randomized block design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed at 12 weeks after application the average density of weeds covering is 2,4-40%. The IPA- Glyphosate herbicide (480 g/l) with dose 5 l/ha effective suppressed the growth kinds of weeds up to 12 weeks after application and didn't cause phytotoxicity in oil palm plantation.Keywords : common weeds, immature oil palm, IPA-Glyphosate 480 g/l


The 3D radiation pattern of antennas is often required for characterization but is a complex task. Magnitude-only measurements have been proposed to mitigate the sensitive phase acquisition but bring theirs new set of challenges. In particular, current procedures in phaseless antenna testing require many field samples. To enable a reliable reduction of the sampling sizes, a filtering approach for the two scan technique is reviewed and proposed. The validity and stability of the approach is evaluated using both simulation and experimental dataset.


We briefly describe the Pioneer Venus plasma wave instrument and continue with a discussion of wave observations throughout the typical. near-noon and near-midnight orbits. This is followed by a detailed comparison of the bow shock turbulence characteristics at earth and at Venus. We then turn to analyze the wave-particle interactions detected near the dayside ionopause, and we show that the whistler mode Landau damping develops when the B field direction changes so that the Whistler becomes oblique.


AIM
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by radiological and clinical signs. The treatment of tight filum terminale is untethering of the tight filum terminale. The minimally invasive endoscopic technique is associated with minimal tissue trauma; however, only a few reports describing this technique have been published. Minimally invasive operative techniqes could have several benefits, such as decreased reoperation rates, shorter length of hospital stay, and reduced perioperative blood loss compared with other techniques. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to demonstrate the various technical advantages of endoscopic untethering to treat cases of tight filum terminale.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
In five pediatric cases of TCS, we performed untethering using the endoscopic technique. The age of the patients were 6, 7, 8, 9, and 12 years old. We used a nasal speculum for the transsphenoidal approach during the procedure.

RESULTS
All the procedures were performed uneventfully, except for one case with a split cord malformation that showed neurologic deterioration caused by excision of the diastematomyelic fibrous septum at the thoracic level (unrelated to the endoscopic procedure at the L5-S1 level). This patient was referred to a rehabilitation clinic 5 days after surgery and showed significant improvement by the third postoperative month. The other four patients were discharged 1 day after the operation.

CONCLUSION
Endoscopic release of filum terminale is a safe technique especially if it is performed with neuromonitoring. This technique may shorten the length of hospital stay and reduce perioperative blood loss. However, futher studies with a larger number of patients and long-term follow-up are needed.


The two-dimensional radial versus poloidal structure and motion of edge turbulence in NSTX (National Spherical Torus Experiment) were measured by using high-speed imaging of the visible light emission from a localized neutral gas puff. Edge turbulence images are shown and analyzed for Ohmic, L-mode (low-confinement mode) and H-mode (high-confinement mode) plasma conditions. Typical edge turbulence poloidal correlation lengths as measured using this technique are = 4 {+-} 1 cm and autocorrelation times are 40 {+-} 20 {micro}sec in all three regimes. The relative fluctuation level is typically smaller in H-mode than in L-mode, and transitions from H- to L-mode and can occur remarkably quickly (=30 {micro}sec). The two-dimensional images often show localized regions of strong light emission which move both poloidally and radially through the observed region at a typical speed of =10{sup 5} cm/sec, and sometimes show spatially coherent modes.


Decisions on intensifying the ability of party in power,which was passed during the fourth session of the sixteenth National People's Congress,put forward the subject of building a harmonious society.The key to solve it successfully is to intensify the abilityof party in power,which can be affected actively by a harmonious society.In order to make both of them complement each other,we should make clear of the position of each other and deal with the relationship between them well.


This concise introduction provides an entry point to the world of inverse problems and data assimilation for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students in the mathematical sciences. It will also appeal to researchers in science and engineering who are interested in the systematic underpinnings of methodologies widely used in their disciplines. The authors examine inverse problems and data assimilation in turn, before exploring the use of data assimilation methods to solve generic inverse problems by introducing an artificial algorithmic time. Topics covered include maximum a posteriori estimation, (stochastic) gradient descent, variational Bayes, Monte Carlo, importance sampling and Markov chain Monte Carlo for inverse problems; and 3DVAR, 4DVAR, extended and ensemble Kalman filters, and particle filters for data assimilation. The book contains a wealth of examples and exercises, and can be used to accompany courses as well as for self-study.


This work is concerned with vibration (Modal) analysis of a laminated composite plate structure with different Angle orientation of ply. The finite Element method has been used computational by means of ANSYS 14.5. a main reason for adopting ANSYS 14.5 is that there is no such analytical model has been develop for Laminate composite plate structure in presence of singularities i.e. Cutout. Moreover parametric analysis has also been carried out for detailed convergence study plate vibration in presence of cutout. Following analysis have been carried out for different boundary condition i.e. CFFF and SSSS to allocate optimum location of cutout for optimum natural frequency in order to make laminate composite structure statically and dynamically balanced The obtained FEM results are validated with experimental and analytical result of available literature and it result shows good agreement.


IN THE utilization of isotopes to aid in the clinical management of intracranial tumors that has been developed at this hospital in the past few years, we have been aided by many workers. The time at which an elaborate addition to the hospital's investigative facilities is brought into action is perhaps a suitable time to draw attention to the diversity of talents that has been required for making some headway in such a limited field as that of brain tumors. About four years ago, when Dr. Selverstone and I were receiving our first education in the use of radioactive isotopes . . .


Within the canon of children's literature, Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables stands out for its spirited heroine Anne Shirley and her lively imagination. An orphan who has lived an "unloved life" full of "drudgery, poverty, and neglect," Anne has developed her imagination as a coping mechanism and as a means of survival. Throughout the novel, Montgomery reveals that Anne's imagination is a powerful entity that is intricately connected to place; as a result, Anne is able to reconfigure the physical world that she sees until it reflects her idealistic imaginings.
By analyzing Anne's imaginative elsewhere through Rose's theoretical lens, one can see how truly progressive Anne is as a paradoxical figure who consistently possesses agency and actualizes her hopes and dreams into concrete realities.


IMPLICATIONS
A dose of 0.1 mg/kg of verapamil, administered immediately before anesthesia, significantly reduces the increase in peak heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure after electroconvulsive therapy. Furthermore, the administration of verapamil does not reduce the duration of the seizure.


This article examines prescribing for patients who have epilepsy and are on anti-epilepsy medication. It highlights the need to be vigilant when prescribing for patients with epilepsy, and be aware of the risks of any medication that you are prescribing and the impact it could have on the patient's epilepsy. The articles establishes that some patients are on anti-epilepsy drugs for indications other than epilepsy and therefore it is important to take a good medical and drug history before prescribing. When prescribing repeat anti-epilepsy medication for established patients, who are already under the care of a neurologist, the importance of the use of the specific brand and that it is in line with local and national policies is essential.


We present a theory for the spin-Peierls transition in CuGeO_3. We map the elementary excitations of the dimerized chain (solitons) on an effective Ising model. Inter-chain coupling (or phonons) then introduce a linear binding potential between a pair of soliton and anti-soliton, leading to a finite transition temperature. We evaluate, as a function of temperature, the order parameter, the singlet-triplet gap, the specific heat, and the susceptibility and compare with experimental data on CuGeO_3. We find that CuGeO_3 is close to a first-order phase transition. We point out, that the famous scaling law \sim\delta^{2/3} of the triplet gap is a simple consequence of the linear binding potential between pairs of solitons and anti-solitons in dimerized spin chains.


The doubling of the world's agricultural production for the past four decades has been associated with a seven-fold increase in nitrogen (N) fertilization [1] which has caused major detrimental impacts onthediversityandfunctioningofthenon-agriculturalbacterial,animalandplantecosystems,notably through the process of freshwater and marine ecosystem eutrophication [2].[...]


Objective
To investigate the incidence of nutritional risk in infants with lower respiratory tract infection, and to compare the effects of different nutritional risks on clinical outcomes, and to provide evidence for clinical nutritional management of infantile lower respiratory tract infection.

Methods
Infants and young children with lower respiratory tract infection who were hospitalized in our hospital from January 2013 to March 2016 were selected as subjects. Nutritional risk screening was performed using the Nutritional Status and Growth Risk Screening Tool (STRONGkids).

Results
A total of 957 infants with lower respiratory tract infections were included in the study. The incidence of high nutrition risk and low and medium nutritional risk were 17.6% and 82.4%, respectively. The clinical cure rate was 68.5% and 71.4% respectively. The children with pneumonia and bronchitis had high nutritional risk. The incidence rates were 20.60% and 4.87%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=25.52, P=0.000). Time-effect single factor analysis (Kaplan-Meier method): The hospitalization time for infants with low nutritional risk and high nutritional risk was 9.3(0.3) d and 13.3(1.0) d, respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant. (χ2=28.33, P=0.000), the total hospitalization expenses were 5 653.5(224.8) yuan and 10 079.5(1 755.8) yuan respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=4.47, P=0.034). Multivariate COX regression analysis: High nutritional risk was a risk factor for hospitalization of hospitalized infants with lower respiratory tract infection (RR=1.57, P=0.024).

Conclusion
There is a high incidence of high nutritional risk in infants with lower respiratory tract infection. Compared with children with low and moderate nutritional risk, the hospitalization time is longer, the hospitalization cost is increased, and the clinical cure rate is lower, which is the risk of clinical outcome. factor. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct nutrition risk screening for infants with lower respiratory tract infections, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical nutrition evaluation and nutritional intervention.

Key words:
Respiratory infections; Infants; Nutritional status and growth risk screening tools


Ocular infections caused by bacterial sources are a global health issue that can damage the construction of the eye, and lead to disability. The goals of this study were to look at the bacterial species causing conjunctivitis, as well as their antibacterial susceptibility patterns. In addition to emphasizing on detecting the predominance of certain virulence genes of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Methicillin Resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MR-CoNS), which are known to cause conjunctivitis. In this study, several swabs of bacterial conjunctivitis were sampled from patients who attended to the Ophthalmology department, Minia University and Malawi Ophthalmology hospital, Egypt. A total of 200 eye swab samples were analyzed over the entire period of the study. Results showed that about 133 eye swab samples expressed growth of about 147 pathogenic bacterial spp. The predominant isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (44.89 %), followed by Coagulase negative Staphylococci (29.9 %). On the contrary, Esherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus sp., Streptococcus pneumonia , Klebsiella sp., and Haemophilus influenza e, were the least detected bacterial spp. Most of the bacterial isolates tested in this study exhibited high resistance to Amoxacillin-Clavulanic, Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, Cefotaxime, and Cefoperazone. Using Cefoxitin, results of the phenotypic test predicted that 40.9 % of the Staphylococcal spp. were MRSA, and 23.6 % were MR-CoNS. The Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to explore the presence of several bacterial pathogenicity genes, including MecA , PVL , icaA , icaD , and Hla in the MRSA and in MRCoNS. Results of the PCR revealed that all MRSA and MR-CoNS had MecA , icaA , and icaD genes, whereas 28.9 % of the MRSA had PVL and Hla . However, no isolate of MR-CoNS recorded the presence of the PVL or HLa genes. This study showed that prevalence of the bacterial eye conjunctivitis has increased with MRSA dominance. All the MRSA possessed at least the icaA , and icaD virulence genes beside the MecA gene, which confirm their roles in the pathogenesis of conjunctivitis.


In Indonesia, the narrative of Religious Moderation is being hotly discussed and has even been included in the RPJMN 2020-2024. The target index has been determined, but measurement instruments are still minimal and can be used to measure the level of religious moderation at the university level. This research was conducted in response to these needs. The development of this instrument uses a unidimensional construct using Rasch analysis. The number of samples used was 406 students selected using the multistage random sampling technique. This development goes through three stages, namely item generation,where the objectives and concepts of measuring religious moderation are arranged to produce latent items. The theoretical analysisaims to test the scale's content validity.The last stage is a psychometric analysiswhich seeks to analyze the availability of the sample and construct the validity and reliability of the scale using Rasch analysis. The first stage produced 48 statements; thesecond stage resulted in changes in the religious context and usedmore appropriate words to describe the scale interval. The last stage makes 24 valid argumentsto be sureof religious moderation.


In Poland, a discourse on the relationship between the canon and pop culture has been going on for almost thirty years. It is dominated by the belief that these methods of cultural communication are completely divergent. The canon is understood as a bastion of tradition and values and as such is in contradiction with popular culture. This conflict has educational consequences. Creates a resonance in the relationships and teachers,who more and more often show greater knowledge of pop culture phenomena than the so-called cultural canon. The impasse that the school is currently experiencing requires a reaction, and this seems to be possible by drawing attention to the subject of education and turning to the "here and now". In order to explain the possibility of breaking the "cold war" situation between the canon and pop culture, the article cites the transitive principle as a method of building a dialogue between both sides of the dispute.


A family of variationally consistent, linear, shear‐deformation theories is developed for thin, shallow, elastic, homogeneous, anisotropic shells. The infinitely many members of the family share the same mathematical form but differ in their generalized displacements and shear factors. For maximum accuracy, which is uniform throughout the family, the theories are regarded as two‐step iterative theories, with one predictor phase and one correction. The Reissner‐Naghdi theory belongs to the family as its generic, simplest, noniterative member. The iterative members offer through their diverse generalized displacements a variety of models for geometric edge conditions. A refined Kirchhoff‐Love‐type theory is discovered as a mathematically degenerate but no less accurate member of the family. The generalized displacements in this refined theory are associated with the top and bottom bounding surfaces rather than the middle surface, normally used with the Kirchhoff‐Love theory. Adequate families of three‐dimen...


A valid and efficient ultra-fast liquid chromatography-diode array detector( UFLC-DAD) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of thirteen bile acids in the bile of three species,including rat,pig and gallstone patient. Chromatographic separation was performed with a Shim-pack XR-ODS column,and the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and potassium dihydrogenphosphate buffer( p H 2. 6) at the flow rate of 0. 5 m L / min. The linear detection range of most bile acids ranged from 2 ng / μL to 600 ng / μL with good correlation coefficient( r 0. 9995). All detected bile acids could be isolated with satisfactory resolution within 15 min,and the method was successfully applied in rapid screening of bile samples from three mammals.


OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of Qihuangjiannao Capsule on hyperhomocysteinemia(HCY) in patients with vascular dementia.METHODS Sixty-three patients with vascular dementia were randomly divided into two groups,the 33 patient s in the t reated group and the 30 in the control group.Basal treatment were given to both groups,besides,Qihuangjiannao Capsule was given to the treated group and imitative Capusule was given to the control group.The levels of plasma HCY,as well as the changes of mini mental state examination (MMSE) and SDSVD.Syndrome scoring were observed before and after treatment.RESULTS Qihuangjiannao Capsule could significantly decrease the levels of HCY(P0.05),rise the MMSE scores,and ameliorate SDSVD.CONCLUSION Qihuangjiannao Capsule can effectively regulate the levels of HCY in vascular dementia patients,rise the MMSE scores,and ameliorate SDSVD Syndrome.