Rosenstock posed andragogy as a necessity in which the past, present, and future merges with theory in becoming practical deeds. Knowles presents his first published iteration of andragogy as being a major technological breakthrough in the field of adult education. Hadley developed a 60-item questionnaire assessing an adult educator's andragogical and pedagogical orientation. Henschke developed an andragogical inventory that contained 45 items within seven factors, found congruence with self-directed learning, and was Cronbach-Alpha validated for reliability three times with an almost perfect 'bell-shaped' measurement for an andragogical facilitator. Poggeler listed 10 trends he hopes will be helpful for future development of European andragogy and perhaps may apply to the USA. Rachal identified seven criteria for implementing empirical studies of andragogy. Biao found after 25 years of research that andragogical programs/courses need to be staffed by people academically prepared and competent in andragogy. This chapter explores all of this.


From the 1970s onwards, in the Nordic countries there were adopted various types of mechanisms to achieve a better gender balance in different types of indirectly elected or appointed public bodies. Today, three of these countries (Norway, Finland and Iceland) have legal gender quotas for public commissions and boards; Denmark has a gender balance law with no numerical requirement whereas Sweden has successful resorted to voluntary methods. Drawing from findings concerning electoral gender quotas, this comparative study of Finland and Norway investigates how the committee quotas have been implemented in practice in these countries and , and what kinds of factors aid or hinder their effectiveness.


This report presents a background and summary of traffic-related operational management centers. Study sites were evaluated to define the state of the art in user support and user interface technology that might be adapted to future Traffic Management Centers (TMC) and to identify human factors lessons learned in the design and implementation of it. Site visits were made to 10 comparable systems. A correlational analysis of ratings comparing each site to an idealized TMC was used to select four sites for followup study. Approach and methods to developing rating dimensions and conducting the correlational analysis are presented. The report concludes with recommendations for the followup site visits.


We introduce a generalization of the notion of local homology module, which we call a local homology module with respect to a pair of ideals $\left(I,J\right)$, and study its various properties such as vanishing, co-support and co-associated. We also discuss its connection with ordinary local homology.


Background: The Type D personality is a vulnerability factor associated with the psychological suffering that affects the physical and mental health state. Literature shows that the Type D personality is defined by a combination of two independent constructs: the negative affectivity (NA) which refers to the tendency to experience negative emotions over time and in several situations; and the social inhibition (SI) or the tendency to inhibit emotions and behaviors in social interactions. Objective: The present study aims to explore the emotions of a group of patients with heart disease, through the use of the Rorschach projective tecnique. Method: Fourty subjects with an history of heart attack, aged between 32 and 76 years, were evaluated in order to find some possible indicators of Type D personality such as the quality of contents, movements response, popular responses and Erlebnistypus. Results: Findings shows that the majority of patients present a prevalence of responses belonging to Animal and Anatomy contents and the Erlebnistypus is mostly introversive. Conclusions: The study points out some scientific element useful both in research and in clinical practice, confirming the Rorschach potential in the assessment and identification of specific personality traits, involved in the Type D personality, that characterizes the majority of cardiac impared patients.


Humanity mettle of the olympic sports which bases on science is the history and thinking basis what the olympic sports derive and develop and spread internationally.At present,the olympic sports presents following tendency:the olympic sports do no longer focus main energy on the relation politics with economics,whereas even more on the culture;the olympic sports do no longer regard scientific technology as a unique magic weapon,and begin to take into account fostering public prestige for itself such as protecting environment and developing for duration.The conception of humanity olympics is the explanation that china explains culture of the olympic sports.


With the growing Internet, to obtain informa- tion that is very broad and complex scope isnot a dicult thing. The Internet also represents a potential means to perform activities of marketing a product. Based on the above ideas, scienti c writing is about thecreation of a web as a medium of promotion and information that is expected to helpincrease a company to develop products that are marketed to consumers, and tofacilitate the consumers to know about home appliance products that supportsakit.Perangkat website creation software This is a PHP and MySQL that uses the concept of server-side web scripting, which the script is set automatically by Dreamweaver. Bibliography (2003 2004 )


Objective To explore spleen autotransplantation with lower esophagus transection whether aggravating hepatic fibrosis by MR checking. Methods Forty patients with liver cirrhosis complicated with portal hypertension were randomly divided into two groups: study group(20 cases), patients in which underwent sple nectomy with retroperitoneal splenic autotransplantation and cardia-esophageal devascularization, and control group(20 cases), only with splenectomy and cardia-esophageal devascularization operation. The hepatic volume and signals of liver surface and parenchyma were respectively evaluated by MR at one week before operation and six months after operation. Results In two groups, the preoperative hepatic volume of study group was (1054.06±289.66) cm3, which was no different with that of control group (1108.72±253.84) cm3. The postoperative volume of study group was (1063.74±193.13) cm3, which was no different with that of control group (1092.25±206.44) cm3. In two groups, 3D DCE MR imaging showed that the perioperative hepatic surface signals were no different statistically with that of postoperation, and no progression of hepatic fibrosis was found, while in study group postoperative cirrhotic nodus images were improved(P 0.05). Conclusion The results of the hepatic volume and signals suggest that the preserved spleen won't encourage progress of hepatic fibrosis.


APS/123-QED Anisotropic x-ray magnetic linear dichroism at the Fe L 2,3 edges in Fe 3 O 4 Elke Arenholz ∗ Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Gerrit van der Laan † Magnetic Spectroscopy Group, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom Rajesh V. Chopdekar ‡ and Yuri Suzuki Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (Dated: April 28, 2006) X-ray magnetic linear dichroism at the Fe L 2,3 edges of the ferrimagnet Fe 3 O 4 was found to exhibit a strong dependence on the relative orientation of external magnetic field, x-ray polarization, and crystalline axes. Spectral shape and magnitude of the effect were determined for Fe 3 O 4 (011) and Fe 3 O 4 (001) thin films varying the in-plane orientation of field and polarization. All dichroism spectra can be described as a linear combination of three fundamental spectra which in turn give a good agreement with calculated spectra using atomic multiplet theory. The angular dependence of the magnetic dichroism reflects the crystal field symmetry. It can be used to estimate the crystal field splitting and allows determining the spin quantization axis. PACS numbers: 75.50.Gg, 75.70.Ak, 78.20.Bh, 78.70.Dm I. INTRODUCTION Absorption spectroscopies utilizing synchrotron radia- tion have developed into important tools for the study of magnetic solids since the prediction and first observa- tion of strong x-ray magnetic dichroism (XMD) at the 3d (M 4,5 ) edges of rare earth materials [1, 2]. X-ray mag- netic circular dichroism (XMCD) measures the difference in absorption of x-rays with helicity vector parallel and antiparallel to the magnetization direction. It is propor- tional to the average value M of the local magnetic moment, so that ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic order but not antiferromagnetic order can be probed. Its linear counterpart x-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) is the difference in absorption of linearly polarized x rays with polarization parallel and perpendicular to the mag- netization direction. XMLD is assumed to be propor- tional to the square of the magnetic moment M 2 and consequently, both ferromagnetically and antiferromag- netically ordered moments contribute to the XMLD sig- nal. XMD is unique in its intrinsic element specificity [3] and chemical-site sensitivity [4] that allows separating the contributions of multiple magnetic species in alloys or layered systems [5]. Most importantly, theoretically derived sum rules link XMCD intensities to spin and or- bital magnetic moments [6–8] and XMLD signals to the anisotropic spin-orbit moment which is directly propor- tional to magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy [9, 10]. Sum rules enable the use of polarized x rays for quantita- tive magnetometry. Strong anisotropy in the XMLD has been reported both theoretically and experimentally [11– 14]. Although magnetic spectroscopy techniques have found widespread use for the study of magnetic systems, the dependence of the XMLD signal on the relative ori- entation of external magnetic field, x-ray polarization, and crystalline axes has not been studied systematically to date. Together with the fact that in itinerant metal- lic ferromagnets the XMLD signal is much smaller than the XMCD effect, this might have hampered the devel- opment of XMLD to become an equally powerful probe as its circular counterpart. In this paper, we present a systematic study of the Fe L 2,3 XMLD in ferrimagnetic Fe 3 O 4 . Due to the localized nature of the magnetic moments in Fe 3 O 4 the XMLD ef- fects are much larger than in metallic ferromagnets. The Fe L 2,3 XMLD is found to exhibit a strong dependence on the relative orientation of external magnetic field, x- ray polarization, and crystal lattice, which can be used as a sensitive probe for the electronic and magnetic struc- ture. We show that all XMLD spectra can be described as a linear combination of three fundamental spectra and that the angular dependence can be derived from atomic calculations based on the crystal field symmetry. II. EXPERIMENTAL address: firstname.lastname@example.com address: firstname.lastname@example.com ‡ Also at School of Applied Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, † Electronic ∗ Electronic 40 nm thick Fe 3 O 4 films were prepared on polished SrTiO 3 (011) and (001) substrates using pulsed laser de- position (PLD). The substrate was held at 725 K dur- ing sample preparation in an atmosphere of 10 −6 Torr, leading to single crystalline films of proper stoichiom- etry. Exposure to air during sample transfer causes a slight change in surface stociometry which was quantified using XMCD and taken into account for the subsequent


When discussing evolving market structures, competitive environment and entry dynamics are at the heart of analysis and discussion. However, the more complex a market structure is or the more segmented decisions are taken, from an organizational stance the decision space and the dynamics of entry perspectives get increasingly opaque. The thereby reported industry structure variety and the observed widespread second-best solutions in firm reactions are generally attributed to market environments and historic path dependency. However, they might as well be the consequence of strategic firm responsiveness (read: decision taking), when copying with complexity of firm organizations and uncertainty of innovative impacts. This paper applies a deductive approach by building upon established entry dynamic models and evidence from complex multi-market industries in order to track individual actions and explain evolving competitive structure outcomes in the mutual fund industry. It is argued that the perception of innovation and the resulting entry deterrence strategies are key drivers behind industry formation. The article shows, however that these individual actions can differ with respect to type of anticipated innovation event or with respect to the arbitrariness of intra-organizational decision power. Furthermore, convergence of responsiveness is not firm, but product intrinsic, leading to suboptimal outcomes from a firm or industry s macro-perspective. This deviation between the sub-market decision processes or routines, respectively their outcomes and optimal solutions can be used


ABSTRACT  Chromosomes of Slc:ICR mouse blastocysts cultured under the diabetic condition were analyzed to clarify the effect of glucose and ketone body (DL‐β‐hydroxybutyric acid). In the group exposed to glucose plus ketone body or glucose alone, blastocysts showed higher incidences of chromosome abnormalities, especially numerical abnormalities such as aneuploidy and polyploidy, than in the control group (p < 0.01). The association of nucleolus organizing regions was increased in the blastocysts exposed to glucose plus ketone body, which seems to be related to the increase in numerical abnormalities. Structural abnormalities such as break and fragment were also observed, but there was no significant difference between the diabetic and nondiabetic conditions.


This paper studies the microstructure of the casting and rolling plate,cold rolled sheet and annealed cold rolled sheet of 3105 aluminum alloy,and the mechanical properties at different annealing temperatures are obtained through the tensile test by electronic tensile testing machine.And this paper also analyzes the effects of annealing temperature on microstructure and the variation law between temperatures and microstructure and property.


Why biological quality-control systems fail is often mysterious. Specifically, checkpoints such as the DNA damage checkpoint or the spindle assembly checkpoint are overriden after prolonged arrests allowing cells to continue dividing despite the continued presence of errors.1–4 Although critical for biological systems, checkpoint override is poorly understood quantitatively by experiment or theory. Override may represent a trade-off between risk and speed, a fundamental principle explaining biological phenomena.5,6 Here, we derive the first, general theory of optimal checkpoint strategies, balancing risk and opportunities for growth. We demonstrate that the mathematical problem of finding the optimal strategy maps onto the question of calculating the optimal absorbing boundary for a random walk, which we show can be solved efficiently recursively. The theory predicts the optimal override strategy without any free parameters based on two inputs, the statistics i) of error correction and ii) of survival. We apply the theory to the prominent example of the DNA damage checkpoint in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) experimentally. Using a novel fluorescent construct which allowed cells with DNA breaks to be isolated by flow cytometry, we quantified i) the probability distribution function of repair for a double-strand DNA break (DSB), including for the critically important, rare events deep in the tail of the distribution, as well as ii) the survival probability if the checkpoint was overridden. Based on these two measurements, the optimal checkpoint theory predicted remarkably accurately the DNA damage checkpoint override times as a function of DSB numbers, which we measured precisely at the single-cell level. Our multi-DSB results refine well-known bulk culture measurements7 and show that override is a more general phenomenon than previously thought. Further, we show for the first time that override is an advantageous strategy in cells with wild-type DNA repair genes. The universal nature of the balance between risk and self-replication opportunity is in principle relevant to many other systems, including other checkpoints, developmental decisions8, or reprogramming of cancer cells9, suggesting potential further applications of the theory.


Many unfortunate incidents have been taking place in woman's case. Problems may come from any direction such as women walking on the road after the work, going to super market or many other reasons for which they go alone. People at home are not sure of their return safely. Another factor is woman die without knowing the reason as they attend excursions and industrial trips conducted by the organizations. It happens due to attacks on woman but not suicides. In 2013 there happened an incident which is a gag rape in New Delhi in the case of 23 year old woman in bus at 9:30 PM. Another incident that has taken place at Mumbai in the case of woman who is leaving her native place after Christmas holidays has been kidnapped and killed. These are some of the problems that have taken place in the day to day life of women. In order to overcome such problems faced by women the I Safety (women security apps) mobile based application is not only necessary to use but also plays a pivotal role with android software.


This paper analyses the legislation and basic features of secret investigation system concerning crimes by taking advantage of duty in different countries,which is a great enlightenment to the application of secret investigation in China.Secret investigation can be used in investigating crimes by taking advantage of duty.Investigative organs should be legislatively empowered to use secret investigative measures.The conditions of applying secret investigation should be strictly restricted.A supervision system for the use of secret investigation should be established.


This paper newly proposes an LTCC-based Mobius ring bandpass filter, in which the Mobius ring is embedded in a microstrip line substrate so that the electromagnetic fields around a microstrip gap couple to the embedded Mobius ring smoothly. Simulated results indicate that a λ/4 resonance is occurred on the ring and the fields are confined within the Mobius ring. A prototype model is implemented by using an LTCC technology to confirm the theoretical predictions.


i-INSPIRE (initial-INtegrated SPectrograph, Imager and Radiation Explorer) is a project at the University of Sydney combining expertise from the School of Physics and the School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering. i-INSPIRE is a small, light-weight, tube-shaped satellite which will be the first of its kind to be fully constructed and operated by an Australian university. It will also be the first space-based photonic mission. The unique instrument payload consists of an innovative photonic spectrograph (NanoSpec), a radiation counter and a simple imaging camera. The satellite has several aims, the primary being proof-of-concept. i-INSPIRE will concretely demonstrate that Australian universities have the potential for leadership in space science and technology. In addition to this the mission has great scientific potential. For instance, NanoSpec will measure the first spectra from a space-borne photonic device. The on-board radiation counter will return a radiation map of the Earth which can be compared with the output from NanoSpec to study the effect of radiation on photonic devices. i-INSPIRE will also deliver the first photographs of Australia from an entirely Australian-owned and -operated spacecraft and will pave the way for larger and more complex projects in the near future.


An S-shaped hanger with a tongue adapted to fit on a standard four-wheel supermarket basket to hold a folding two-wheel shopping cart for carriage with the supermarket basket.


The direct Fourier phase averaging of an ensemble of randomly blurred images has long been thought to be too difficult a problem to undertake realistically owing to the necessity of proper phase unwrapping. It is shown that it is nevertheless possible to average the Fourier phase information in an image ensemble without calculating phases by using the technique of cepstral gradients.


Honest to God has been the theological sensation of the decade, at least so far as the English-speaking world is concerned. The Honest to God Debate is the sequel and can appropriately be considered along with the former book. It consists of an introductory chapter by Rev. David Edwards, which is a sympathetic account of the contemporary radical movement in theology, of which the Bishop of Woolwich has become the most celebrated exponent, followed by a brief chapter by the Vicar of Leeds on reactions in the Church of England, the Church most immediately involved. Third, there is a series of readers' letters on Honest to God , edited by David Edwards, which is a striking indication of the contemporary state of confusion among laymen concerning the verities of the faith. The main body of the latter book consists of twenty-three reviews of Honest to God , by all sorts of men, Christian clergy and laity of all varieties and atheists, in many countries. Perhaps the most noteworthy of these are those by Rudolf Bultmann, the great German scholar and exegete to whom Dr Robinson is so conscious of his debt, and Father Herbert McCabe, O.P., the longest review to be printed. I must pay a tribute to the latter review, in spite of the apparent unfamiliarity of the categories in which it is expressed. Even though I am Protestant and Reformed, I found, on closer analysis, that Father McCabe had, with very few exceptions (notably his inevitably greater ethical rigorism), said exactly what should have been said about the book.


At present, life prediction for the aircraft key component is a widely recognized problem in the field of aerospace, especially the prediction precision. From the basic concepts and theory of fuzzy integral, this paper proposes a new method of life prediction which is based on information fusion theory. Firstly, BP neural network and RBF neural network are used to predict the remaining service life of the aircraft key component respectively. On this basis, fuzzy integral theory is used to conduct a decision-level fusion of the results to the above two neural networks. The experiment results show that the method of life prediction with fuzzy integral can realize the life prediction for the aircraft key component. The prediction precision is improved after information fusion. It has a wide application prospect and great practical value.


Vocabulary is central in the first steps in foreign language learning for young language learners. Words are the segments that build up their gradual development to be proficient in a foreign langu ...


Millions of people in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa still lack access to power, which emphasizes the need for sustainable and clean energy solutions. This study attempts to address this issue by integrating a life cycle assessment (LCA) and a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis to determine the preferred energy technology for electrification. This research focuses on the environmental implications and long-term viability of various energy system options. The LCA evaluates midpoint characterization containing 18 environmental impact categories; the COPRAS and ARAS methods of MCDM analysis are then used to rank the energy alternatives based on their environmental performance. This study's key finding is that the gas-powered power plant is the most preferred energy system alternative, while the geothermal power plant is the least preferred. This midpoint characterization study provides in-depth insights into how various stages contribute to major environmental impact categories like global warming, ozone depletion, and ecotoxicity. By considering environmental impacts and sustainability requirements, informed decisions may be made to encourage clean and cost-effective power generation, thereby contributing to climate change mitigation and supporting economic growth and human development. Future research may include analysis from cradle-to-grave compared to cradle-to-gate.


The article describes dynamics and current state of social and economic spheres of Khakassia. It also reveals different problems and offers recommendations. The article is written using the data of the results of sociological polls conducted by the Khakassia Research Institute of Language, Literature and History in 2010-2011 as well as the statistics data of Khakasstat and Rosstat.


Secondary caries is an important problem in dentistry. Due to the shrinkage of composite materials, a microcrack is formed between the filling material and the tooth tissues, microorganisms enter and cause the demineralization and development of secondary caries. The composite material complemented by antibacterial additive can significantly reduce the amount of bacteria on the surface of the filling material, thereby reducing the risk of secondary caries.


Today, Karl Deisseroth was awarded the 4 million euro 2017 Else Kröner Fresenius Prize for his discoveries of optogenetics and of hydrogel‐tissue chemistry, and for developing circuit‐level insight into depression. We asked him how his and related work enhances our understanding of the brain and psychiatric diseases at the molecular level.


We show that if Θ = (θj,k)3×3 is a non-degenerate real skew-symmetric 3 × 3 matrix, where θj,k ∈ [0, 1), then for any ε > 0, there exists δ > 0 satisfying the following: For any unital simple separable C-algebra A with tracial rank at most one, any three unitaries v1, v2, v3 ∈ A such that ‖vkvj − e vjvk‖ < δ and 1 2πi τ(logθ(vkvjv ∗ kv ∗ j )) = θj,k for all τ ∈ T (A) and j, k = 1, 2, 3, where θ is some real number in [0, 1) and logθ the continuous branch of logarithm defined on Fθ = {e : t ∈ (2πθ − π, 2πθ + π)} with values in {ri : r ∈ (2πθ − π, 2πθ + π)} such that logθ(e 2πi ) = 2πi θ, then there exists a triple of unitaries ṽ1, ṽ2, ṽ3 ∈ A such that ṽkṽj = e 2πiθj,k ṽj ṽk and ‖ṽj − vj‖ < ε, j, k = 1, 2, 3. The same conclusion holds if Θ is rational or non-degenerate and A is a nuclear purely infinite simple C-algebra (where the trace condition is vacuous). If Θ is degenerate and A has tracial rank at most one or is nuclear purely infinite simple, we provide some additional injectivity condition to get the above conclusion.


Wild black lily bulbs were planted in pots and grown for 8 months in a glasshouse. The bulbs produced scapes with 1a2 terminal flowers and 5a6 leaves with a verticillate phyllotaxis. Tow new bulbs were formed on the mother-bulb as it was consumed and eventually rotted. Morphological characteristics matched those of Fritillaria camtschatcensis Ker-Gawl. Small globule-scales of the bulbs were excised and cultured on MS-media without plant hormones in the dark or under light of 40μmol·m-2·sec-1 at 15, 20, and 25°C for 8 weeks. The optimum condition for bulblet formation was a MS-medium containing a combination of 0.1 mg·liter-1 NAA and 0.1 mg·liter-1 24-epibrassinolide (EB) at 20°C in the dark.


Digital markets have altered how economic agents interact and have changed the behaviour of tourists. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that it is necessary to constantly monitor the evolution of digital consumer behaviour and the factors that influence it, as they are dynamic elements that evolve over time. This paper analyses digital inequalities and validates the main factors influencing tourists to book online tourism services. This research uses a set of microdata with 69,752 and 23,779 observations to analyse the booking mode of accommodation and transportation services, respectively, obtained from the Resident Travel Survey of the National Statistics Institute of Spain during the period 2016-2021. The article confirms variations in the online consumer profile and in the trip's characteristics. One of the most relevant findings is the narrowing of the generational gap in the online contracting of tourist services. However, there are remaining digital inequalities, such as regional inequalities and others based on the education level and income of tourists. It is also highlighted that different types of trips, depending on the destination, the type of accommodation or transport have a different propensity to be booked through digital purchase channels. The accessibility to big data sources and recent advances in machine learning models have also made the methodologies for analysing digital consumer behaviour evolve and must be incorporated into tourism studies. This study compares the predictive performance of different methodologies in the context of e Tourism. In particular, we evaluate the potential predictive power that could be obtained using machine learning techniques to explain consumer behaviour in e-Tourism and use it as a benchmark to compare it with the results obtained using traditional statistical methods. The selected predictive evaluation metrics show that the logistic regression statistical model outperforms the predictive power of the Multilayer Perceptron neural network and presents values very close to the maximum predictive power achieved by the Random Forest algorithm.


It was the kind of defiant act that most school principals probably have contemplated wistfully at one time or another. Disgusted by what he and his staff considered to be poorly written, poorly stapled, and generally disorganized mandatory citywide exams sent to Fritsche Middle School by the Milwaukee Public Schools central office in the fall of 1999, Principal Bill Andrekopoulos committed an act of ownership theretofore unheard of in the 100,000-student school district. Andrekopoulos and his staff stuffed the exams back into the box and shipped them back, Return to Sender. They included a brief message: What you produced wasn't good enough for our students. Please try again. Among schools all across Milwaukee that autumn, word about the test-box rebellion spread quickly, if only because acts of subversion were such rarities in a system where power was closely held by bureaucrats and where schools were expected to respect, honor, and obey the central office. At a time when Milwaukee's schools were attempting to show they could compete with new publicly funded alternatives, Fritsche Middle School became the poster child for public schools' trying to reinvent themselves. Andrekopoulos, who at the time was a student of a national performance-management program, proved what could be done when sound decisions were made by entrepreneurial leaders at the school


The purpose of this study is to examine the educational philosophy of Parker Palmer. The grand ideas behind Parker Palmer's educational thoughts are spirituality in education, the inner life of teacher, and community of truth. The idea of nurturing spirituality be a part of educational reform. Palmer defines spiritual as diverse ways we answer the heart's longing to be connected with the largeness of life. He suggests that educational reform may need to start with the transformed heart of the teacher. Good teaching comes from the identity and integrity of the teacher. The meaning of this is that the prodigy of the teacher's task comes from within. Courage to teach retreats do not focus on pedagogical methods or content knowledge, but rather on exploring personal and professional beliefs and how these beliefs affect our teaching. A community of truth is the kind of community related to the way inquiry and discovery have always gone on in the scholarly world. People have to lear to listen each other and learn how to sustain their differences without letting conflict destroy their relationship.


The prevalence of drug abuse is quite high in Indonesia in the land transportation sector, including public transportation. Amphetamines are among the most widely used drugs in the community which are included in the Psychotropic class II. Amphetamines are also a group of drugs that stimulate the central nervous system, which can affect the brain's cortex to increase mental activity. Amphetamines can trigger the release of several neurotransmitters in the body, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serQotonin. The increase caused by these neurotransmitters can increase energy stimulation, increase physical endurance, motor activity, and cause a feeling of pleasure. All organs in the body work harder, so users feel more focused, empowered, confident and able to think quickly. The effect of using amphetamine is that it can eliminate fatigue and drowsiness. The aim of the study was to determine whether the content of amphetamine compounds was present in the urine samples of public transportation drivers at the Horas Pematangsiantar Tax. The sampling location was carried out at the Pematangsiantar Horas Tax while the research location was carried out at the Simpang Bah Jambi Health Center. The type of research used is qualitative data research which is described descriptively using a stick test tool with the Immunoassay method which was carried out in May 2023. The examination results of 50 samples were negative. The conclusion based on the results of the examination was that there was no amphetamine content or negative results in the urine of public transportation drivers at the Horas Pematangsiantar Tax.


TiaE art of selecting and exploiting half truths to sustain a thesis or rationalize a position is doubtless as old as the art of making friends and influencing people. No case better illustrates this practice of semiveritudenism than the findings of the Federal Trade Commission in the Cement case; and no discussion of it better shows the consequences of misrepresentation and injustice to the men who labor to make and sell cement and to the-public who are concerned with their behavior, than the article entitled Giantism and Basing Points: A Political Analysis, by Earl Latham, Chairman of the Department of Political Science at Amherst, published in the February, 1949 issue of the YALE LAw JOURNAL. We have no concern with the thesis or the political propositions stated by Dr. Latham in his article. We are concerned only with the art he practices in his endeavor to sustain them. The presumption of respect for truth and nothing but the truth, supported by care to ascertain it and intellectual integrity in dealing with all the facts, attaches to the publications of those who have the honor of membership upon the faculty of an old and respected institution of higher learning. But Dr. Latham has his own thesis and the findings of the Federal Trade Commission in the Cement case, amplified in important respects by his active fancy, fitted his thesis like an old shoe. Perhaps this is why his article discloses no evidence suggesting that he looked into the record, examined the digest of the evidence or even read the 36 page opinion of the Court of Appeals for the Seventh Cir-


Following an earthquake that occurred in middle Italy in 2009, the involved territory hosted in 10 years thousands of construction sites. The aim of this study is to assess inhalable, respirable, and respirable crystalline silica exposure of the construction workers involved in the rebuilding activities.


In this paper, the Neyman-Pearson lemma for general sublinear expectations is studied. We weaken the assumptions for sublinear expectations in [1] and give a completely new method to study this problem. Applying Mazur-Orlicz Theorem and the decomposition theorem of finitely additive set functions, we prove that the optimal test still has the reminiscent form as in the classical Neyman-Pearson lemma. Finally, for the special sublinear expectation which can be represented by a family of probability measures, we give a sufficient condition for the existence of the optimal test and show the form of the optimal test selected in Lc-space which is introduced by Peng [10] in his nonlinear-expectation framework.


We propose a novel speech denoising framework by minimizing the probability of error (PE), which measures the deviation probability of the estimate from its true value. To develop the minimum PE (MPE) criterion, one requires the knowledge of the noise probability density function (p.d.f.), which may not be available in a parametric form in speech denoising applications. Therefore, we adopt two approaches for modeling the noise p.d.f.: (i) Gaussian modeling based on adaptive variance estimation; and (ii) a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) in view of its approximation capabilities. We consider discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain shrinkage, where the optimum shrinkage parameter is obtained by minimizing an estimate of the PE. A performance assessment for real-world noise types shows that for input signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) greater than 5 dB, the proposed MPE-based point-wise shrinkage estimators outperform three benchmark techniques in terms of segmental SNR and short-time objective intelligibility (STOI) scores.


Botrytis calthae is a necrotrophic plant pathogen, closely related to the ubiquitous broad host range fungus Botrytis cinerea, but highly host specific. Botrytis isolates from lesions of Caltha palustris grown at different locations were classified with genetic markers as either B. calthae or Botrytis pseudocinerea, or less frequently as B. cinerea. A PCR-based identification of B. calthae was developed. Seven haplotypes of B. calthae could be distinguished. Compared to B. cinerea, mycelium growth of B. calthae was similar, but conidiation less abundant, and sclerotia formation was only partially repressed by light. Conidia of B. calthae germinated more slowly, and showed a highly acidic optimum (pH 2·5) compared to B. cinerea conidia (pH 5·3). All B. calthae isolates were sensitive to common anti-Botrytis fungicides, but showed partial resistance to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors boscalid, fluopyram and carboxin. Infection experiments revealed a weak capability of B. calthae to induce necrotic lesions on plants that are hosts for B. cinerea. On C. palustris leaves, B. calthae induced similar lesions to B. cinerea. These data provide a basis for comparative molecular investigation of the physiology and host specificity of B. calthae and closely related Botrytis species.


A reliability analysis and design procedure based on the design of experiment (DOE) is combined with the response surface method (RSM) for numerical efficiency. The procedure established is based on a 3 n full factorial DOE for numerical quadrature using explicit formula of optimum levels and weights derived for general distributions. The full factorial moment method (FFMM) shows good performance in terms of accuracy and ability to treat non-normally distributed random variables. But, the FFMM becomes very inefficient because the number of function evaluation required increases exponentially as the number of random variables considered increases. To enhance the efficiency, the response surface moment method (RSMM) is proposed. In RSMM, experiments only with high probability are conducted and the rest of data are complemented by a quadratic response surface approximation without mixed terms. The response surface is updated by conducting experiments one by one until the value of failure probability is converged. It is calculated using the Pearson system and the four statistical moments obtained from the experimental data. A measure for checking the relative importance of an experimental point is proposed and named as influence index. During the update of response surface, mixed terms can be added into the formulation.


In this paper we relate a fundamental parameter of a random graph, its degree sequence, to a simple model of nearly independent binomial random variables. This confirms a conjecture made in 1997. As a result, many interesting functions of the joint distribution of graph degrees, such as the distribution of the median degree, become amenable to estimation. Our result is established by proving an asymptotic formula conjectured in 1990 for the number of graphs with given degree sequence. In particular, this gives an asymptotic formula for the number of $d$-regular graphs for all $d$, as $n\to\infty$.


With the changes in the environment and consumption upgrade, there is growing concern about the health and safety of consumption. Green consumption trend is growing up. However, due to green foods in the product price, variety, operating channels, promotions and other issues, operators are confronted with product "having a price but no sales, having a brand but no fame" of the market embarrassment. Operators are required to take the brand marketing strategy to get out of the market predicament. In this paper, 4Ps perspective on green food brand marketing status and propose appropriate countermeasures to help the green food enterprises out of difficulties.


Understanding the earliest events (< 1 sec) in signal transduction of platelets is important, since there is evicenee that "shape change," aggregation and secretion can all begin within this period. We have employed a guenched-flow approach to study these early events and found that thrombin can induce rapid phosphorylation of myosin light-chain kinase (20K) and a 47K protein (Blood, 67, 1738, 1986). To investigate the role of rapid phosphorylations in platelet activation, we have studied the influence of adrenalin and ADP during early (0.3 to 5 sec) stimulation. Aggregation in washed human platelets was assessed by following the loss of single particles and phosphorylation by analysing 32P-labeled proteins after gel electrophoresis. 15 µM adrenalin (without ADP) did not initiate significant aggregation or phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC). Phosphorylation of the 47K protein was increased by 20% at 5 sec. 0.5 µM ADP did not induce significant aggregation, but increased phosphorylation of MLC by 130% and the 47 protein by 20%. The combination of 0.5 µM ADP and 15 uM adrenalin induced significant aggregation by 0,3 sec (7.6%), which increased to 25.6% by 5 sec. Interestingly, MLC or 47K protein phosphorylation was not increased above control levels. However, the phosphorylation of four other proteins (77K, 102K, 140K and 185K), which previously had been very rapid (<1 sec) and reversible with 0.5 µM ADP alone, was now maintained, peaking at 3 sec. 10 µM ADP caused small sustained increases in phosphorylation of the same proteins. Adrenalin also caused rapid increases in the phosphorylation of 27K, 213 and 250K proteins. High levels of ADP (10 µM) only increased the 213 and 250K proteins; therefore the 27K protein appears adrenalin specific. Analysis of these early platelet phosphorylations will help understand how they are linked to initiation and maintenance of aggregation. Supported by NIH HL-27014.


In order to obtain the mechanism of vibration and noise reduction of circular saws and perform further optimization design, based on the characteristic of propagation in the medium interface of blending wave, mechanism of vibration and noise reduction on circular saw blades with slots and filling materials was expounded from the view of transmission interruption and dissipation of elastic wave. The change of wave amplitude was calculated quantitatively based on the theory of propagation of blending wave when incident wave pass the filling material under the parametric excitation. The results show wave amplitude decreased sharply; filling material can absorb and interdict the vibration wave resulted from external excitation, so as to reduce the vibration and noise, the theory was verified by field test. That study provided new ideas and theoretical basis for the design of circular saw blade.


A biometric system is essentially a pattern recognition system which makes a personal identification by determining the authenticity of a specific physiological or behavioural characteristic possessed by the user. Palmprint recognition being one of the important aspects of biometric technology is one of the most reliable and successful identification methods. It has four stages, palmprint image acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction and matching. Due to rich information in palmprint it became a powerful means in person identification. The major approach for palmprint recognition is to extract feature vectors corresponding to individual palm image and to perform matching based on some distance metrics. Researchers have proposed a variety of palmprint preprocessing, feature extraction and matching approaches. This paper presents a detailed review of palmprint recognition approaches.


The dynamics of the electron-hole plasma in silicon and germanium samples irradiated by 20 ps. 532 nm laser pulses has been investigated in the near infrared by the time-resolved picosecond optical spectroscopy. The experimental reflectivities and transmission are compared with the predictions of the thermal model for degenerate carrier distributions through the Drude formalism. Above a certain fluence, a significant deviation between measured and calculated values indicates a strong increase of the recombination rate as soon as the plasma resonances become comparable with the band gaps. These new plasmon-aided recombination channels are particularly pronounced in germanium. 15 refs., 8 figs.


In this paper a novel OFDMA system with combined ASK/FSK modulation and outer woven turbo code is introduced. The performance of such a system represented in the form of error probability has been investigated.


The changes introduced by the creation ofthe European Higher Education Area andthe ambitious demands of globalizationand knowledge society mean that guidancemust be pursued as a fundamental aim.The purpose of the present study is to exploreuse and satisfaction rates regardinguniversity tutoring, specifically duringthe elaboration of Master's and Degree'stheses by a sample of Graduates of thedegrees and masters that are given in theFaculty of Sciences of the Education of theUniversidade da Coruna. For this purpose,a descriptive study is carried out, using thesurvey technique, applying an instrumentdeveloped ad hoc for the aforementionedprocess. The results have allowed us toknow and describe the profiles of studentsduring their formative period, to verifythat their perception of the usefulness oftutoring is optimal and finally to determinethat their level of satisfaction with suchtutoring is high. The analysis carried outon the state of the question together withthe results obtained show the need to continueadvancing in this subject, since thereare aspects linked to the challenges ofthe teaching profession still to be pursuedsuch as the definition of the ideal tutoringprofile


The synthesis and physical properties of a series of poly(N‐2‐pyridylmethyl methacrylamide‐co‐methyl methacrylate)s and related copolymers is presented. High yields of the copolymers were obtained starting from copolymers of methacryloyl chloride with methyl methacrylate, which reacted almost quantitatively with 2‐pyridylmethylamine or a related amine, to give copolymers that are capable of interpolymer chain hydrogen bonding. Copolymers of (N‐2‐pyridylmethylmethacrylamide) (PyMeMA) were obtained in high yield and investigated in detail. The variation in the molar mass data obtained using different methods was interpreted as being a consequence of solvent‐induced aggregation effects. Examination of the solution properties indicated that the polymers are indeed able to form transient aggregates through hydrogen bonding interactions that, when subject to shear, separate into smaller aggregates or individual polymer chains. These hydrogen bond interactions are also evident in the solid state physical properties as observed in variation of the glass transition temperature, but to a lesser extent than they are in the dynamic mechanical analysis. Adhesion measurements once more indicate the potential of these materials to exhibit enhanced properties as a consequence of hydrogen bonding interactions. Dedicated to Professor John L. Stanford on the occasion of his 60th birthday.


The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the kinematic variables of the trunk in order to investigate the differences between stance types during the two-handed backhand motion of male tennis players. This will provide quantitative data to assist precise and efficient instruction by determining reference points of position, enhanced performance and skill.In order to achieve these objectives, six male players were selected at a national athletics meeting, and the mean difference between their kinematic variables during a two-handed backhand stroke was studied using three-dimensional motion analysis. The paired t-test was used to compare the stance types, and a one-way ANOVA was used to compare the phase at the time of swinging. Through this process, the following conclusions were obtained. In the backswing phase, the maximum horizontal rotation of the shoulder and hip joints from an open stance is faster than that from a square stance. However, trunk coiling begins at the same time for both stances. In the backswing phase, the maximum horizontal rotation of the shoulder and hip joints in a square stance occurs more often than in an open stance, but the angle of trunk coiling in the open stance is larger than that in a square stance.


Evaluating the level of service of a public transport system or a part thereof, is an important aspect of the mobility planning process, whether in defining the objectives of the system, or in judging the response of the system to prefixed objectives. This article identifies the "level of supply" as one of many components comprising the "level of service" concept. This component is analysed by itself, and considered solely from the point of view of the supply product, excluding the supply consumed or sold. (TRRL)


We present the fabrication and electrical response of a flexible prototype supercapacitor based on activated carbon electrodes obtained from bamboo (Guadua angustifolia Kunth) as precursor. The supercapacitor prototype was fabricated by using a multilayer configuration method; activated carbon electrodes were impregnated with 0.5 M H2SO4 as electrolyte and filter paper was used as separator. Carbon activation was performed by using NaOH and KOH solutions. Activated carbon electrodes were characterized by adsorption isotherms, cyclic voltammetry, and SEM techniques. Electrical response was found by using charge-discharge curves. Through adsorption isotherms analysis, we found a surface area of 408 and 309 m2 g−1 for the activated carbon with NaOH and KOH, respectively. From the electrical characterization analysis of the supercapacitor device, we obtained 0.92 F for the maximum capacitance value by using 0.5 V as fixed value in the bias voltage. Also, we proposed an equivalent electrical circuit for the supercapacitor prototype. This capacitance value is comparable with the capacitance values exhibited by rigid commercial supercapacitor, such as Dinacap and capacitor Capattery Gold, among others. Finally, these results suggest that the activated carbon from bamboo can be used in flexible electronic applications.


From a small town outside of Boston and around the globe the media is changing. In the latest guest-blog by POLIS Summer School students, Michael Dwyer from the USA reflects upon how the news media is changing at the grass-roots.


Some naturally occurring chemical agents in the human diet can reduce cancer risk such as, Lupeol (Lup-20(29)-en-3-b-ol), a pentacyclic triterpene principally present in fruits such as mango, olive, strawberry, and grapes, figs, etc. have been used to treat several ailments. Lupeol has been shown to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective properties along with antimutagenic and hypotensive activities in in vitro and in vivo systems. Several scientists have reported that lupeol exerts antitumor effects by triggering apoptosis in cancer cells aside from affecting normal cells.The topical application of lupeol on CD-1 mouse skin showed reduced 12- O -tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13- acetate-induced tumor incidence by the inhibition of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and activation of Inhibitory-kB kinase-((IKK-(α).However, in vitro studies on lupeol are limited illustrating an unclear mechanism by which it imparts apoptosis. Lupeol also know to induce apoptotic death of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells through mitochondria mediated pathway with significant decrease of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax and caspases.In our quest to dissect the molecular mechanism of lupeol induced apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cells growth, we investigated the regulatory effects of lupeol on activation of apoptotic machinery in human lung carcinoma A549 cells. It is noteworthy that, Lupeol at its effective therapeutic doses exhibit no toxicity to normal cells and tissues. Our study focuses to determine the cancer chemotherapeutics potential of Lupeol for the treatment of lung cancer.


Big Tail Elephant Working Group (daweixiang gongzuo zu, hereafter BTE) is synonymous with the city of Guangzhou and the surrounding Pearl River Delta. Formed in 1991, the group is most closely associated with the artists Chen Shaoxiong (1962–2016), Liang Juhui (1959–2006), Lin Yilin (1964–) and Xu Tan (1957–). This article re-examines BTE artists' practice from 1991 to 1994 and argues that the artist's performing body provides the critical lens through which to understand BTE artists' work during this time. Acknowledging that the experience of BTE's work was primarily physical, embodied and performative allows for an important reconsideration of not only their works but also the predominant ways in which the global capitalist 'turn' in the 1990's China has been discussed in art historical writing. This article argues that BTE artists were primarily interested in urban forms for what they signified about commercialization as a form of a new political rationality after 1989 and suggests that BTE artists were ultimately concerned with commodification's transformation of society and of ideas of cultural value.


A micro-electromechanical (MEM) resonator is described that includes a substrate, a microbridge beam structure coupled to the substrate and at least one electrode disposed adjacent to the microbridge beam structure to induce vibration of the beam. The microbridge beam structure includes support sections and a beam formed between the support sections. The center region of the beam has a mass that is less than the mass of regions of the beam adjacent to the support sections.


The work presented here solves the multi-sensor centralized fusion problem in the linear Gaussian model without the measurement noise variance. We generalize the variational Bayesian approximation based adaptive Kalman filter (VB_AKF) from the single sensor filtering to a multi-sensor fusion system, and propose two new centralized fusion algorithms, i.e., VB_AKF-based augmented centralized fusion algorithm and VB_AKF-based sequential centralized fusion algorithm, to deal with the case that the measurement noise variance is unknown. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.


Summary: A survey of attendance for antenatal care at a public hospital in Brisbane was carried out."Poor attenders" were more likely to be young, unmarried, grande multiparous, or aboriginal, and to live in a poorer area of the City. This group comprised 6.5% of the total population, but accounted for 14.6% of all low Apgar scores, 23 % of all low birth weight babies, 23.1 % of all stillbirths, and 18.2% of all neonatal deaths.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical profile of suvorexant in elderly insomnia patients.
 BACKGROUND: Suvorexant is a first-in-class orexin-receptor-antagonist treatment for insomnia. Phase-3 trials evaluated age-adjusted (non-elderly/elderly) dose-regimes of 40/30mg and 20/15mg.
 DESIGN/METHODS: The pooled efficacy-analysis was pre-specified and included elderly data from two similar randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 3-month trials in elderly (蠅65y) and non-elderly (18-64y) insomnia patients. Fewer patients were assigned to 20/15mg than 40/30mg or placebo. Efficacy was assessed by patient-reported-outcomes (PRO), and by objective polysomnographic (PSG) endpoints in a subgroup of ~75[percnt] of patients. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs), with systematic assessment for special considerations including residual effects, abuse potential, suicidality, and cataplexy. The pooled safety-analysis included elderly data from the 3-month trials plus 3-month data from a 1-year safety trial of 40/30mg.
 RESULTS: The numbers of elderly patients in the efficacy-analysis of PRO endpoints were 30mg=313, 15mg=198, placebo=307. In elderly patients, suvorexant 30mg improved PRO and PSG measures of sleep-maintenance (subjective-total-sleep-time, wakefulness-after-persistent-sleep-onset ) and sleep-onset (subjective-time-to-sleep-onset, latency-to-persistent-sleep) compared to placebo at the earliest timepoints (Week-1 for PRO and Night-1 for PSG measures) and Month-3 (p<0.05). Results were similar for 15mg, except for the PRO and PSG onset measures at Month-3 (p=0.05 and p=0.09, respectively). The numbers of elderly patients in the safety-analysis were 30mg=627, 15mg=202, placebo=469. Suvorexant was generally well-tolerated in elderly patients with few discontinuations due to AEs (30mg=6.4[percnt], 15mg=3.5[percnt], placebo=5.5[percnt]). The most frequent AE was somnolence (30mg=8.8[percnt], 15mg=5.4[percnt], placebo=3.2[percnt]) which was generally transient and mild-to-moderate in intensity.
 CONCLUSIONS: Suvorexant 30mg and 15mg were effective and generally well-tolerated over 3-months in elderly insomnia patients. The FDA's current emphasis is on using the lowest effective dose for insomnia treatments. Consequently, 10mg is the recommended dose in the US with a maximum dose of 20mg in both elderly and non-elderly patients.
 Study Supported by: Merck Disclosure: Dr. Herring has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co. Inc., as an employee. Dr. Connor has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee. Dr. Ivgy-May has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co. Inc. as an employee. Dr. Snavely has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee. Dr. Snyder has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co. Inc., as an employee. Dr. Michelson has received personal compensation for activities with Merck & Co., Inc. as an employee.


This paper describes designing expression of robot's primitive minds in a simple and effective way. Although expression of robot's minds like internal states is becoming a major topic in human-robot interaction, few studies to propose a policy to design concrete expression. In this paper, we propose the design policy, called "SE2PM: simple expression to primitive mind", and fully implement expression of robot's minds based on the design policy, then investigate the effectiveness of them. SE2PM implies that intuitive and simple expression like a beep sound from a simple robot (e.g. a mobile robot) is more effective than complicated behaviors from a complex robot (e.g. a dog-like pet robot) in informing its primitive minds to a human. Thus, in order to investigate the validation of our SE2PM policy, we implement two robots: a mobile robot based on Mindstorms with mind expression of beep sound, and a pet robot, AIBO, with mind expression of complicated behaviors. We also conduct a psychological experiment with participants to compare the two different expression, and the results eventually support SE2PM policy


This article focuses on describing the role of humor in Ludruk as educated performance which is containing social protest to state of society and generating the spirit of the nation's struggle. Ludruk is traditional theater performance that be able to exist in globalization era right now. Humor as the main characteristic of performance art is used as means to reveal social critic. In community of East Java, humor is humor is an expression of a long-depressed condition. Humor in Ludruk performance is a protest and resistance in colonial era as well as a medium to connect the past and the present. The data source used in this study is the humor of the monologue in the form of poem which is sung in traditional ludruk performances, it is usually called by kidungan jula juli. This study used qualitative approach to analyze data by exploration, although it can be gotten the understanding about the form and role of ludruk humor as educated entertainment containing social protest. The scientific novelty of this work lies on the study used to analyze the role of humor in traditional performances as part of a conditional reflection in a nation during the colonial period.


In this paper, we clarify what steganography is and what it can do. We contrast it with the related disciplines of cryptography and traffic security, present a unified terminology agreed the subject, and outline a number of approaches many of them developed to hide encrypted copyright marks or serial numbers in digital audio or video[1]. We then present a number of attacks, some new, on such information hiding schemes. This leads to a discussion of the formidable obstacles that lie in the way of a general theory of information hiding systems .However, theoretical considerations lead to ideas of practical value, such as the use of parity checks to amplify covertness and provide public key steganography[2]. Finally, we show that public key information hiding systems exist, and are not necessarily constrained to the case where the warden is passive. The proposed survey mainly focused on Neural Network to train the inputs and hidden layers in image steganography[3]. Keywords— Cryptography, Copyright protection, Data compression, Image registration, Jitter, Multimedia systems, Music, Observability, Redundancy, Spread spectrum communication, Software protection, Neural networks.


OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between 16 phenotypic parameters and the diameter of the tracheal lumen and endotracheal tube size (ETS) in Dalmatian puppies.

STUDY DESIGN
A prospective nonblinded study.

ANIMALS
Twenty-nine Dalmatian puppies, <5 months of age, referred to the Veterinary Faculty Clinics, Burdur, Turkey.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The diameter of the tracheal lumen was assessed using lateral cervical radiographs and the ETS was determined for each puppy. The relationships between ETS and body mass, age, dimensions of carpal and digital pads of the thoracic limb, length of the philtrum and the distance between the philtrum and lateral nasal edges were analysed statistically.

RESULTS
The linear relationships between the ETS and the vertical length of the fourth digital pad (r2 = 0.915), and body mass (r2 = 0.908) were higher than with other parameters. Two predictive formulae for ETS derived from regression lines are: ETS +/- SE (0.20) = [body mass (kg) x 6/10]+2.5 and ETS +/- SE (0.19) = [vertical length of fourth digital pad (cm) x 6] - 2.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
These formulae provide a practical guide to ETS selection in Dalmatian puppies.


To evaluate the first 100 cases of in utero myelomeningocoele (MMC) repair and urological outcomes in a prospective analysis aiming to define possible improvement in bladder function.


This article is part of a research project on pledges and security interests. It covers a wide range of topics in both civil and commercial law because there are many different ways to secure the performance of an obligation, and security interests may be taken on any type of property. In practice, pledging and security interests are difficult subjects to understand, not only because of the conflict of laws they generate, but also because security instruments themselves represent various political and economic rights claimed by the entities that own them or have an interest in them. This article's main objective is to analyze security interests and pledging in Colombia, and to determine whether current legislation is sufficient to appropriately regulate all types of proprietary security interests. Finally, a few recommendations will be discussed.


Using bone anchor system, a system for securing tissue to bone, apparatus, and method have been described. The method and apparatus, it is possible to transition between the release state and the blocked state, thereby allowing for adjustment of the tension in the suture. The apparatus and / or method, while allowing movement in the one direction of the suture prevents slippage or movement of the suture and tissue in the opposite direction. End of the suture may be stretched individually in order to adjust the position of the tissue to the bone.


The introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) affects the risk of malignancy (ROM) mostly in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) categories. In this multi‐institutional, retrospective study, the authors investigated variations in the impact of an NIFTP diagnosis on the associated ROM for each TBSRTC category with an emphasis on the influence of pathologist and institutional diagnostic thresholds on the ROM.


Ever since mechanical harvesting systems were introduced in the 1960s, growers expressed serious concerns over the potential negative impact mechanical harvesting could have on their trees. A study was undertaken in 2010 to analyze grower production data and compare whether mechanical harvesting had an adverse effect on fruit yield or shortened tree longevity as compared to hand harvesting. The purpose of this article is to describe how the study was organized and to summarize its results and conclusions. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Fritz M. Roka, Lisa H. House, and Katrina R. Mosley, and published by the UF Department of Food and Resource Economics, May 2014.
FE949/FE949: Analyzing Production Records of Commercial Sweet Orange Blocks to Measure Effects of Mechanical Harvesting on Long-Term Production and Tree Health (ufl.edu)


In the coming years, exploration drilling in the geological structures in the Kara Sea is planned. It will be carried out during the ice-free period using floating drilling facilities of a different ice class. The aim of the work is analysis of the interannual variability of duration of the ice-free period in the area of the geological structures the results of which are necessary for planning operational activity of the drilling platforms and optimization of expenses for exploration drilling on the Arctic shelf. For an assessment of interannual variability of the ice-free period duration in the area of the geological structures there were used data on the dates of water area clearance from ice and beginning of ice formation in the southwestern part of the Kara Sea for the period of 30 years on the basis of the AARI weekly ice charts. An analysis of interannual variability of the ice-free period duration showed that a 20-year summer (1989–2008) and a 10-year (2009–2018) intervals could be identified. It is shown that in the last decade as a result of combination of favorable hydrometeorological conditions the ice-free period duration has increased by more than 1 month. An analysis of the main hydrometeorological factors determining the ice-free period duration indicated that it is possible to perform an assessment of duration of exploration drilling operations in the water area of the East-Prinovozemelsky license blocks with a period in advance of several months. Drilling with the use of ice-resistant drilling platform allows us to extend the operation period, as drilling could be started after disappearance of close ice and finished after the ice thickness growth up to 30 cm.


In order to better understand the ability of pinnipeds to detect acoustic signals from ultrasonic coded transmitters (UCTs) commonly used in fisheries research, high-frequency hearing thresholds were obtained from a trained Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and a trained California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Using a 69 kHz, 500 ms, narrow-band FM sweep stimulus, detection thresholds for the harbor seal and the sea lion were determined to be 106 dB and 112 dB re 1 μPa respectively. While the harbor seal threshold falls within the range of existing data, the sea lion threshold is 33 dB lower than expected based on previous reports. This finding indicates that sea lions may be more sensitive to the output of UCTs than previously thought, and allows for the possibility that acoustically tagged fish may be selectively targeted for predation by sea lions as well as seals. These hearing thresholds, combined with ongoing work on the effect of signal duration on high-frequency hearing, will help estimat...


The content changes of rutin,isoquercitrin,and quercetin from different medicinal parts of Toosendan Fructus in different harvest time were compared.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Agilent zorbax SB-C18 column(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) kept at 25 ℃ using methanol-acetonitrile(volune ratio 1 ∶ 10)(A) and 0.4 % phosphoric acid solution(B)as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min through gradient elution and the detection wavelength at 360 nm.The contents of rutin,isoquercitrin,and quercetin from Toosendan Furctus in different harvest time were greater differences.The results showed that the content of rutin was the highest among these three flavonoids.The rutin contents from fruit of Toosendan Fructus were 43.80,62.64,117.20,90.89 and 87.13 μg/g in different harvest times.The contents of three flwvonoids were large changes with different growth period.It showed increased and then decreased trends.The total amount of these three flavonoids was the largest in January.They were 199.11,133.78,133.81 and 23.55 μg/g from different medicinal parts of Tossendan Fructus.In the same harvest time,the amount of these three flavonoids in the fruit pulp and core were higher than those in the other parts of Toosendan Fructus.In different harvest times,the total content of the three flavonoids were 5.81,42.44,133.78,156.44 and 135.80 μg/g in the pulp,and 48.53,77.99,133.81,125.45 and 116.88 μg/g in the core.


The purpose of the article is to analyze the existing points of view regarding the concept and essence of risk in law, highlighting the vector of further prospects for the study of legal risks. To achieve this goal, the opinions of scientists are given in the context of the concept of legal risk, the conditions for the existence of risk in law are identifi ed, and the correlation of legal risk with the principle of justice is carried out. The emphasis is made on the need to apply the principle of justice and legality in the theory of legal risk. This article discusses the problem of a narrow approach to legal risk as a probable and possible occurrence of adverse consequences. It is concluded that legal risk can be assessed as a catalyst for the development and improvement of a particular area of law. This is explained in terms of «soft law», as well as the fl exibility of modern science, striving for multidisciplinarity. In addition, the article analyzes the likelihood of using legal risk, excluding illegal behavior. It also substantiates the need for mutual exchange of experience in the field of research of legal risks with foreign colleagues in order to create a unified and multifaceted concept of legal risk.


This study investigates the non-negating negator m̄ in Taiwanese. With respect to its function, this
 study argues that it is neither an intensifier nor a rhetorical marker. Furthermore, contrary to prevalent intuition, the combination
 m̄-tō is not parallel to the ostensible cognate bújiù in Mandarin Chinese. Instead, the non-negating
 m̄ is an intersubjective speech-act adverbial affix attaching to the head of FocP (realized as tō or
 tsiah) that takes scope over whatever follows. Typologically, this study uncovers another use of non-negating negation in
 natural languages, and consequently challenges the enterprise pursuing a unified analysis for the phenomena of the so-called expletive
 negation.


Abstract The analysis presented here focuses on the way the antithesis between the global and the local is approached from a literary point of view in the contemporary Indian context. Assuming an ecocritical perspective, it reinterprets literature on ecological themes as a tool to negotiate some spaces of autonomy from hegemonic models imposed by globalization on an economic, technological and cultural level. Global plans often collide with local ecosystems, upsetting their pre-existent equilibrium and always more frequently producing antagonism, resistance and overt conflicts. The claim for the management of local resources and the safeguard of traditional lore become a response to the "allegedly value-neutral global market" (Eaton / Lorentzen (eds.) (2003): Ecofeminism and Globalization: Exploring Culture, Context, and Religion. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., 4). Filtering the discussion through an ecofeminist critique, it is possible to find a connection between the abuse of power that underlies human oppression and the exploitation of the environment. Women and nature are, in fact, connected in the dominant masculine discourse by the rhetoric of submission, which is harmful to both of them (Zimmerman, et al. (ed.) (1993): Environmental Philosophy: from Animal Rights to Radical Ecology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.; Warren / Cheney. (1991): "Ecological Feminism and Ecosystem Ecology". Hypatia 6/1 Ecological Feminism: 179–197.). As an example of resistance strategy to these dynamics and a means to give voice to women through literature, this article proposes a critical reading of the novel Betvā bahtī rahī by Maitreyī Puṣpā ("The Betvā River was flowing").


In this study, the spectrum of each picture element of the patient's skin image was obtained by multi-spectral imaging technology. Spectra of normal or pathological skin were collected from 15 patients. Principal component analysis and principal component scores of skin spectra were employed to distinguish the spectral characteristics with different diseases. Finally, skin regions with suspected cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) lesions were successfully predicted by evaluation and classification of the spectra of pathological skin. The sensitivity and specificity of this technique were 89.65% and 95.18% after the analysis of about 109 patients. The probability of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients misinterpreted as CTCL were 5.56% and 4.54%, respectively.


The modelling of the non-linear behaviour of MEMS oscillators is of interest to understand the effects of non-linearities on start-up, limit cycle behaviour and performance metrics such as output frequency and phase noise. This paper proposes an approach to integrate the non-linear modelling of the resonator, transducer and sustaining amplifier in a single numerical modelling environment so that their combined effects may be investigated simultaneously. The paper validates the proposed electrical model of the resonator through open-loop frequency response measurements on an electrically addressed flexural silicon MEMS resonator driven to large motional amplitudes. A square wave oscillator is constructed by embedding the same resonator as the primary frequency determining element. Measurements of output power and output frequency of the square wave oscillator as a function of resonator bias and driving voltage are consistent with model predictions ensuring that the model captures the essential non-linear behaviour of the resonator and the sustaining amplifier in a single mathematical equation.


We measured the time-integrated, spatially resolved spectra of soft x rays emitted from laser-induced aluminum plasma to characterize its spatial features. The plasma was excited by an intense femtosecond-laser pulse with a controlled artificial prepulse at intensities of 9.9×1015 and 6.4×1014W∕cm2, respectively. The dependence of the spectra on the time intervals between the main pulse and the prepulse was obtained for delay times of 0–3ns. The strongest emissions in soft x-ray range occurred in a narrow region less than 50μm from the target surface. In contrast to the continuum spectrum, the prepulse technique causes the Al3+2p6−2p53s emission to extend more than 600μm from the target surface. We showed that the line emission can be separated spatially from the other continuum component of the emission spectra and that the extension length increased with increases in the pulse-separation time.


ABSTRACT In Dutch discourses euthanasia has consecutively been viewed as murder, as mercy offered by medical doctors and as a self-chosen right for older people. This seems to reflect decreasing religious authority over death. Therefore, 26 interviews with Dutch adults aged 79–100 were carried out to evaluate the relationship between religion and attitudes towards euthanasia. Qualitative analysis indicates three groups of participants. Participants in the refraining group, wishing not to let the moment of their death be determined by euthanasia, predominantly believed both in God and an afterlife, and had most preference for a religious funeral. Participants in the depending group, wishing to ground euthanasia decisions in medical criteria, were least religious, which illustrates the co-occurrence of medicalisation and secularisation of death. Participants in the self-determining group, asserting that older adults should be allowed to determine themselves if and when they wish to receive euthanasia, were almost as religious as the refraining group, although they believed less in an afterlife. Their less traditional religiosity suggests that the late modern decline of traditional religious frameworks affords both self-determination concerning euthanasia and individual interpretations of religiosity. Moreover, our data suggest a connection between a persistent death wish in older adults and a perceived social death.


One of the important in making decision in company is the prediction. One of the big communication company in Indonesia is PT T. One of problem in PT T is expected to address issues of service needs plain old telephone service (POTS) on the division of government service. For these reasons, the necessary system pots accurate prediction of service as a reference in determining the right policy. The data used are time series data for 5 years of service users. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is conducted to build the model and Genetic Algorithm is built for improve the weight of parameter model. It shows that combination ANFIS and GA can improve the accuracy of prediction.


Testing for Granger causality with mixed frequency data often involves many parametric restrictions relative to sample size, especially when there is a large wedge between sampling frequencies (e.g. weekly and quarterly data). In such a case the trilogy test statistics may not be well approximated by their asymptotic distribution. A bootstrap method can be employed to improve empirical size, but this generally results in a loss of power. This paper presents simple and remarkably powerful Granger causality tests applicable to any mixed frequency sampling data setting. Our tests are based on a simple dimension reduction technique for regression models. The procedure involves multiple parsimonious regression models where each model regresses a low frequency variable onto only one individual lag or lead of a high frequency variable. The lag or lead slope parameter is necessarily zero under the null hypothesis of non-causality. Our test is then based on a max test statistic that selects the largest squared estimator among all parsimonious regression models. Parsimony ensures sharper estimates and hence improved power in small samples. Inference requires simple simulation procedures because the test statistic has a non-standard limit distribution. We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the max test is more powerful than existing mixed frequency Granger causality tests in small samples. An empirical application examines Granger causality between weekly interest rate spread and quarterly economic growth in the U.S.


This study seeks to understand the origins and reasons behind the grammar and style guidelines elaborated by Brazilian broadcasters and video producers and applied to the translated subtitles of cable television shows. The language of the translation is often controlled, and coarse or scatological vocabulary tends to be curbed or avoided, among other restrictions. Brazil was under a military regime from 1964 to 1985, when the media was subjected to strict censorship. Could it be that this heritage still casts a shadow over current policies applied to audiovisual translation (AVT)? To approach this issue, this study outlines the history of censorship applied to content and language during the Brazilian military regime, describes the evolution of the AVT industry in the context of cable television in Brazil, and finally conveys first-hand insights and experiences on language control by quality control professionals. The ultimate goal is to bring these rulemaking processes to light, in an attempt to help improve the dialogue between end clients and service providers, for the benefit of the viewers.


We consider, by means of the Bogoliubov coefficients, the production of photons in an anisotropic but homogeneous model of the Universe that expands in two directions and contracts in the third one.


With end-column amperometric detection in capillary electrophoresis, precise positioning and stabilization of the working electrode are highly important. Noises from vibration and breakage of the microelectrode (e.g., carbon fiber electrode) are typical problems. To overcome these drawbacks, a new electrochemical cell assembly was designed. In this assembly, alignment of the working electrode with the capillary outlet can be achieved precisely and easily. Coupling with a disk-type Pt electrode (50 μm diameter), detection limits of 3.0 and 5.2 amol and separation efficiencies of about 70 000 and 150 000 theoretical plates for the determination of dopamine and catechol, respectively, as test compounds can be obtained. The relative standard deviations (n = 21) of migration time and peak current obtained are 3.5, 5.1% and 2.2, 2.7%, respectively, for these two compounds. Applicability of this assembly as an electrochemical detector for capillary electrophoresis was demonstrated by running a synthetic sample containing dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and catechol. Results obtained are comparable with those from other end-column or off-column determinations.


The cow-calf production system is the primary beef cattle enterprise in the southeastern United States. A high percentage of calves produced in this region are sold at weaning to stocker operators who carry them through the growing or stockering phase in other sections of the country. Higher forage production due to the relatively long growing seasons, adequate rainfall and soils that readily respond to fertilization gives the southeastern United States, including Louisiana, an advantage over other regions of the nation for stocker production.


Introduction Biodegradable polyesters have been previously synthesized by the ringopening polymerization (ROP) of lactones using enzymatic and organic catalysts as an alternative to metal-catalyzed reactions. Commercialization of these green polymerization processes relies on catalyst recycling to maintain low production costs. To achieve this goal, a thorough understanding is needed of catalyst activity, surface interactions and stability under varied reaction parameters. The enzyme Candida antarctica Lipase B (CAL B), immobilized on a solid support, catalyzes the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to make biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) (Figure 1). CAL B immobilization occurs through physisorption at the surface of a crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resin or bead. Weak hydrophobic interactions between the enzyme and the surface can permit catalyst desorption, which decreases the concentration of remaining enzymes for polymerization and contaminates the PCL product. Furthermore, the enzyme surface can induce adsorption of other species which hinder activity of the surface-confined catalyst. Commercially available catalysts (Novozyme 435, N435) have been previously utilized in reusable packed microfluidic columns for controlled synthesis of PCL under flow conditions. Determination of optimal reaction conditions at the polymer/enzyme interface can afford better control of polymerization from solid-supported catalysts and improve catalyst retention throughout reactions over multiple re-use cycles. In this work, a model of the crosslinked PMMA/CAL B interface was fabricated to mimic the surface of N435 within a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). QCM is a real time, label free technique that can quantitatively measure surface adsorption processes under flow conditions. In situ adsorption and desorption at the solid support/enzyme interface was monitored while deconvoluting background events, such as polymer swelling or non-specific binding. Enzyme adsorption, then PCL binding to the CAL B modified surface was monitored under flow conditions.


The present invention provides an information display device provided with: a first acquisition means; an identification means; a second acquisition means; and a display control means. The first acquisition means acquires a photographed image of a certain direction photographed from the current position of a movable body. The identification means identifies, from within a first photographed subject included in the photographed image, obstacles forming blind areas in the certain direction. The second acquisition means, in cases where there are no obstacles, acquires an image of a second photographed subject that can be acquired by the first acquisition means. The display control means, on the basis of the image of the second photographed subject, renders the obstacles to be transparent and displays the photographed image with a display means.


This essay explores the genre of In-Yer-Face theatre and its representation of women. In-Yer-Face theatre emerged in the 1990s in the UK, characterised by its confrontational style and provocative themes. While the genre is often associated with the portrayal of violence and aggression towards women, this essay explores how In-Yer-Face theatre may also offer a platform for women's stories and experiences. Through an analysis of The Censor , Blasted and the performances of Shopping and fucking and Look back in anger , the essay researches how In-Yer-Face theatre explores traditional gender roles and the ways in which women are often subjected to violence, exploitation, and objectification. The essay will use both a drama analysis and performance analysis of two plays and two performances from the genre to explore different views from the most prominent writers of the genre. Ultimately, this essay argues that In-Yer-Face theatre has an opportunity to offer a powerful and complex representation of women that demands critical engagement and interpretation but in many ways reproduces the societal norms.


Background: Animal studies of arthritis have suggested that bisphosphonates may have chondroprotective abilities. Objective: To evaluate the effect of bisphosphonate treatment on cartilage degradation. Methods: Type II collagen is almost exclusively localised in cartilage, where it is the major structural component of the tissue. Hence fragments derived from this protein should represent a specific index for cartilage degradation. The urinary concentration of collagen type II C-telopeptide degradation products (CTX-II) was measured by a new immunoassay (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)). The serum concentration of collagen type I C-telopeptide degradation products (CTX-I), a marker of bone degradation, was also measured by ELISA. Participants: Two groups were studied. The alendronate group included 63 healthy postmenopausal women aged 45–54 randomly allocated to receive three years' treatment with 1 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, or 20 mg alendronate daily or placebo. In the third year the women receiving 20 mg were switched to placebo. The ibandronate group included 119 women at least 10 years after the menopause aged <75 randomly allocated to receive 12 months' treatment with 0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg, 2.5 mg, or 5 mg ibandronate daily or placebo followed by 12 months without treatment. Results: 20 mg of alendronate and 2.5 and 5 mg of ibandronate treatment produced significant decreases in urinary CTX-II to about 50% of baseline. The level reached after three months of treatment remained practically constant during the following 12–36 treatment months. When treatment was withdrawn CTX-II values returned towards baseline. Serum CTX-I also decreased rapidly within three months, but to a level of about 30% of baseline. Conclusions: The urinary excretion of CTX-II, a new marker of cartilage degradation, decreases significantly in response to bisphosphonate. This suggests that bisphosphonates may have chondroprotective effects in humans. By measurement of CTX-II it should be possible to monitor the effects of drugs that potentially inhibit cartilage destruction.


Neutrosophy has been introduced by Smarandache (7, 8) as a new branch of philosophy. The purpose of this paper is to construct a new set theory called the neutrosophic set. After given the fundamental definitions of neutrosophic set operations, we obtain several properties, and discussed the relationship between neutrosophic sets and others. Finally, we extend the concepts of fuzzy topological space (4), and intuitionistic fuzzy topological space (5, 6) to the case of neutrosophic sets. Possible application to superstrings and  


The paper discusses the Open Access Initiatives for global access, repository, preservation, and organized management of networked information services in a distributed environment where both the users and resources are at varied locations. The paper highlights various initiatives of Institutional Repositories and Digital Library in the country. The Paper also discusses the necessity of DSpace Digital Library Software for Digital Library Initiatives and OAI-PMH (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) in Open Archives Initiative.


It is clear from a review of the literature that epileptic patients may have an impairment of cognitive function [ I ] and more precisely of memory functions [2]. Among the underlying causes are cerebral damage [3 , 41, an early onset of epilepsy [5], frequent seizures, [ 2 ] , and anticonvulsant drugs [ 6 ] . Memory disturbances exist not only in patients with severe epilepsy but also in outpatients leading a normal life [7]. In another study we claimed that epileptic patients have difficulties in lcarning but remember well what they have lrarnt [8]. With the memory battery scalc we used, retention and retrieval were definitcly less impaired than the initial registration phase of the learning process. Ability to maintain attcntion is crucial when one is trying to acquire new information. I t has been found prcviously that epileptic patients perform attention tasks poorly [9, 101 and anticonvulsant drugs have bcen shown to affect attention [ I 1-14]. O u r own data demonstratcd that patients with grneralized epilepsy obtained poorer scores for memory tasks than patients with focal epilepsy. Attention is called to the fact that patients with primary generalized epilcpsy have lower scores for attcntion than patients with focal epilepsy [ 15, 161. The present study addresses the question of a corrclation between attention and memory impairment in epileptic patients.


Recently, it was realized that anomalies can be completely classified by topological orders, symmetry protected topological (SPT) orders, and symmetry enriched topological orders in one higher dimension. The anomalies that people used to study are invertible anomalies that correspond to invertible topological orders and/or symmetry protected topological orders in one higher dimension. In this paper, we introduce a notion of non-invertible anomaly, which describes the boundary of generic topological order. A key feature of non-invertible anomaly is that it has several partition functions. Under the mapping class group transformation of space-time, those partition functions transform in a certain way characterized by the data of the corresponding topological order in one higher dimension. In fact, the anomalous partition functions transform in the same way as the degenerate ground states of the corresponding topological order in one higher dimension. This general theory of non-invertible anomaly may have wide applications. As an example, we show that the irreducible gapless boundary of 2+1D double-semion (DS) topological order must have central charge $c=\bar c \geq \frac{25}{28}$.


Nursing care facing child development has enormous significance, since the development concerns multiple transformations of continuous, dynamic and progressive manner, integrates, in addition to growth, maturation, learning and psychic aspects and social. The problem of this study consists of in the need to know the role of the Nurse in promoting development childish. The objective was to describe practices in a Basic Health Unit, by academics from nursing course. This is a study descriptive, being an experience report from of experiences of nursing students in a UBS in the period between August to November 2014, during activities the Collective Health discipline. During the experiences technical services were performed nursing care for infants, as the nursing consultation, as well as, health education project application. To throughout the activities, guidance was given in the exercise of the project as a tool for assist the educational process.


Calorimetric Investigations of the Effect of Water on the Solution Process of Aerosol OT in Apolar Media.

Heats of solution of Aerosol OT in apolar solvents are influenced considerably by already small amounts of water. Calorimetric investigations of the solution process with differently dried surfactant and solvent samples showed the predominating effect on the heats of hydration with regard to the ionic and polar groups of the surfactant. Only if the hydration is finished prior to the process of solution, the latter is endothermic.

An estimation of the various enthalpic contributions demonstrates that the destruction of the coherence of the built-in water within the surfactant is decisive in the latter case. Two models corresponding to definite structures of the liquid crystalline mesophase of the surfactant show very satisfactory agreement with the experimental ΔH-values.


This study aim to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of disclosure of financial report and managerial ability on earnings management with audit quality as a moderating variable. This research was conducted for the period of 2012 – 2016, with a sample of 375 observing companies. The measurement of disclosure of financial report can be proxied by a disclosure index consisting of 33 voluntary disclosure items. Managerial ability used measurement of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Audit quality used measurement of perceptions of the quality of financial reports auditor by Big Four accounting firms or non-Big Four accounting firms. The last, earning management used Jones's modefication measurement. The analysis used Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The test result shows that disclosure of financial report has an effect on earnings management, but had not significant effect to managerial ability. Futhermore, audit quality is moderated the effect of disclosure of financial report on earnings management, but is not able to moderate the relationship between managerial ability and earnings management. Keywords: disclosure of financial report, managerial ability, audit quality, and earnings management. DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-2-04


Grid computing is becoming increasingly pervasive; sensor networks and mobile devices are now connected with traditional Grid infrastructure to form geographically diverse complex systems. Applications of this type can be classified as the Pervasive Grid. In this chapter we examine how traditional Grid technologies and middleware are inherently unsuited to address the challenges of extreme heterogeneity and fluctuating environmental conditions in these systems. We present Gridkit, a configurable and reconfigurable reflective middleware that leverages overlay networks and dynamic software in response to the requirements of the Pervasive Grid. We also illustrate how Gridkit has been used to deploy a flood monitoring application at a river in the north west of England; this demonstrates both the flexibility Gridkit provides, and how dynamic adaptation optimises performance and resource consumption. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-686-5.ch042


Although infrequently symptomatic, celiac artery stenosis is a vascular pathology that can commonly be encountered in hepatobiliary surgery. Secondary to celiac artery stenosis, the supramesocolic viscera may rely on blood supply from the gastroduodenal artery which, if ligated, can lead to detrimental ischaemia causing postoperative morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a 53-year-old female scheduled to have a pancreaticoduodenectomy and an asymptomatic extrinsic celiac artery stenosis identified during preoperative imaging workup. The stenosis was significant, with confirmed retrograde flow in the gastroduodenal artery. Pre-operative endovascular management was considered, but surgical management was preferred due to the young age of the patient and the non-atherosclerotic nature of the stenosis. In conclusion, the release of extrinsic compression on the celiac artery lead to a safer and less complicated procedure, eliminating the need for vascular reconstruction or endovascular intervention.


Employment of Applied Linguistics in Teaching Arabic By Speakers and Non-Native SpeakersThis research aims to shed light on how to invest Applied Linguistics in teaching Arabic language, and the study will focus on the level of Phonology and Semantic * Yrd. Doc. Dr., Ataturk Universitesi Ilahiyat Fakultesi Arap Dili ve Belagati.and the level of the Lexicon, and the statement of how to employ new studies in linguistics to teaching that levels, and the study will provide a set of proposals that contribute to the development of the educational process Arabic language.