In designing a plutonium-uranium core with thorium internal blankets there are several parameters that must be investigated to identify the design with the best performance. Choices include: the amount of moderation in the blanket, whether moderation is incorporated from the outset or added after an assembly is shuffled to the external blanket, and the cycle length both for the core and internal blanket assemblies. To investigate the effect of these parameters several core and blanket burnup analyses were performed.


The invention discloses a mouth-shape language conversion method and a device, belonging to the communication technical field. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing a collected lip movement video into a mouth shape image sequence set; and identifying the mouth shape image sequence set and obtaining the phonetic syllables corresponding to the mouth shape image sequence set. The device comprises a collection module, a division module and an identification module. The invention realizes the conversion of the mouth shape language into the phonetic syllables through dividing the collected lip movement video into a mouth shape image sequence set and identifying the phonetic syllables corresponding to the mouth shape image sequence set, thus solving the problem of the people with voice disorders in communicating, satisfying the communication demand for the people with voice disorders and achieving more convenient effect for the people with voice disorders.


In this study, based on an analysis of foreign experience, the authors systematized the main tools for assessing the social impact of investments, including foreign direct investment (FDI), on the development of the economy and society. The authors made an attempt to generalize and explore the essence and content of each approach and recommend them for use in Kazakhstan's practice. This is important not only for improving the investment policy in the field of attracting and regulating the activities of direct investors in Kazakhstan, but also for increasing their social responsibility to the country's society.


1. Social Norms and External Evaluation.- 2. Mathematics as a School Subject.- 3. Teachers' Cognitive Activities.- 4. Textual Analysis.- 5. What Is a Text?.- 6. Observing Students at Work.- 7. Task and Activity.- 8. Classroom Organisation and Dynamics.


Aims and method To compare effectiveness of long-acting injections
in schizophrenia and related psychoses in Lanarkshire, Scotland, from 2002 to
2008. We retrospectively assigned Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores and
examined discontinuation and hospitalisation rates. Results Risperidone, zuclopenthixol and flupentixol were associated
with CGI improvement in 72-74% of individuals. Zuclopenthixol was associated
with lower rates of discontinuation as a result of inefficacy compared with
risperidone (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.11, 95% CI 0.05-0.27) and flupenthixol (HR
= 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.39), and lower rates of hospitalisation compared with
risperidone (HR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.17-0.56) and flupentixol (HR = 0.34, 95% CI
0.16-0.71). 'Very much improved' or 'much improved' on
the CGI was seen in risperidone (29%), zuclopenthixol (16%) and flupentixol
(37%), P Clinical implications No long-acting injection was clearly superior
in all our outcome measures, supporting the continued need for a variety of
long-acting depot antipsychotics to optimise the treatment of the range of
patients seen in clinical practice.


Results of two techniques of ureteroneocystostomy were evaluated in a series of 400 consecutive living renal transplantations. In the first 150 patients (group A) PAQUIN ureteroneocystostomy was utilized and in the second 250 (group B) DE CAMPOS-FREIRE technique was performed. Significant urological complications were seen in 13 (8.6%) patients of group A and in 10 (4%) of group B. Bladder leak occurred in 5 patients of group A and in only 1 of group B (P < 0.05). Complications related to ureteral stenosis and ureteral necrosis were comparable in the two groups. High pressure vesicoureteral reflux was demonstrated in 2 of 85 patients of group A and in 15 of 160 of group B (P < 0.05). Abnormalities of intravenous urography were significantly higher in group A. The incidence of immediate and delayed post-transplant urinary infection was not statistically different among the two groups. We advocate the use of DE CAMPOS-FREIRE approach over the PAQUIN reimplantation, not only because of the marginal differences in the incidence of urological complications, but also because of the technical advantages offered by the former approach.


Tooth avulsion is a complex injury that affects the pulp tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. It is more frequent in children aged 7 to 11 years. The prognosis is directly related to the period during which the tooth is outside the socket; there is consensus in the literature that the shorter this period, the higher will be the possibility of pulp revascularization and reattachment of periodontal ligament fibers. The need of maintenance of the avulsed tooth in an adequate medium is also known. This study reports a case of complex replantation after avulsion, in which the care was provided 48 hours after the trauma and the tooth was kept dry by the patient, thus suggesting a treatment option for these cases. The avulsed tooth was cleaned and submitted to endodontic treatment; a rigid retainer was used for 7 days and the calcium hydroxide dressing was constantly replaced for 12 months. After 28 months, the tooth exhibited clinical aspect of normality and the radiographic examination revealed a slight alteration at the apical portion of the root. It was concluded that this treatment planning may be a good option in cases of tooth avulsion with late replantation; even though the conditions of care were unfavorable and contraindicated by the scientific literature and the prognosis was impaired, a considerable benefit was achieved for the patient, since the treatment allowed its immediate reintegration to the social relationships, as well as maintenance of facial growth and development.


The author has identified the following significant results. Below approximately 25% cover visual photointerpretation of vegetation analogs of Skylab 2 Sl9OA color infrared imagery is poor. Correct identifications of vegetation analogs in this category range from 28 to 57%. Good photointerpretation results (64 to 96%) were obtained on vegetation analogs with higher cover values. The four semidesert vegetation analogs (greasewood, saltbush, big sagebrush, and pinyon-juniper) are consistently distinguishable as a group. Photointerpretation accuracy equals 90.1%. When these same types are broken into two sub-groups (salt desert vegetation and shrub steppe/sparse pinyon-juniper vegetation) interpretation success drops to 76% and 85%, respectively. Band ratioing and transmittance differences between two forested analogs as imaged on Skylab 2 S19OA film shows significant differences. In the infrared wavelength both analogs have very similar transmittance characteristics while the visible wavelength shows separation between the two. Relative transmittance values for stands of ponderosa pine forestland and pinyon-juniper woodland are 719.3 + or - 65.9 and 223.6 + or - 48.1, respectively on negative transparencies. In image interpretation along the low-elevation fringe of forested regions these are the two forest analogs most frequently requiring separation.


Broadband seismometer data are essential for the development of seismological studies such as those investigating earthquake sources and the Earth's structure. However, these data types are possible to be contaminated by instrumentation response errors that are often difficult to recognize from visual waveform checks. Kimura et al. [2014] developed a systematic method of assessing the seismometer's conditions for recording ground motions at a period range of 50-200 sec in observation networks whose station intervals are as small as 200 km. The method was based on comparisons between teleseismic surface wave records at a target station and those at multiple surrounding reference stations, from which we calculated three index parameters and evaluate in-situ instrumentation conditions, including amplitude and phase responses against input ground motions. Kimura et al. [2014] applied the proposed method to F-net broadband seismometers covering the Japanese Islands, where station intervals are approximately 100 km, and assessed the sensor conditions. However, instrumentations at stations in isolated islands and edges of network could no be evaluated because the number of surrounding reference stations was insufficient. In this study, we applied the systematic assessing method to not only the broadband seismometers but also the strong-motion velocitymeters which are installed at all the F-net stations. We could evaluate the seismometer conditions using surface wave records with amplitudes larger than 2.0E+4 nm for VSE-355G3 sensors and 2.0E+5 nm for TSM-1 sensors at a period range of 50-100 sec, and 1.0E+5 nm for VSE-355G3 and 5.0E+5 nm for TSM-1 at a period range of 100-200 sec. This extension made the density of sensors higher, and allowed us to check broadband seismometer conditions at isolated stations and strong-motion velocitymeter conditions.


Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench] is an important crop in the world, used for food (as grain or sorghum molasses), fodder, the production of alcoholic beverages and biofuels. Most varieties are drought and heat tolerant, and are especially important in arid regions, where the grain is one of the staple foods for poor and rural people. It is an important food and fodder crop grown in India, and among cereals, it is the fourth most important crop after rice, wheat and maize (Dehinwal et al., 2016).


The objectives of this study are: 1. To determine the influence of leadership on work discipline on Islamic institutions Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang; 2. To find out the influence of Work Discipline Motivation on Islamic Religious Institutions Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang; 3. To determine the effect of Work Discipline on Employee Performance at Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang Islamic Institute; 4. To determine the influence of leadership on employee performance at Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang Islamic Institute; 5. To find out the effect of the Work Discipline Motivation on Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang Islamic Institute. In this study, the authors used quantitative research. The population in this study by census technique is to take all employees at the Syarifuddin Wonorejo Lumajang Islamic Institute, totaling 50 (fifty) employees. By using Structural Equation Modeling Analysis (SEM), the results show that there is a significant influence between Leadership on Work Discipline, There is no significant influence between Motivation on Work Discipline, There is a significant influence between work discipline on employee performance, there is a significant influence between leadership on Employee Performance, there was no significant influence between work motivation and employee performance at the Syarifudin Wonorejo Lumajang Islamic Institute.
Keywords: Leadership, Motivation, Discipline, Employee Performance


The paper substantiates an electrical circuit with separate balancing and two extended properties: extended functional capabilities and balancing all definable parameters by means of varistors only. The authors describe the way to make such bridging. Initial bridge circuit has been selected and the method to change its loop containing balancing elements has been defined, with such method comprising the substitution of the single resistor by a multielement port that is equivalent to the port of the controlled, diagnosed, measured or investigated object. It is proved that such loop in the bridge circuit can provide for the bridge circuit extended functional capability even if it is balanced by varistors only. The paper contains examples of equilibrium conditions in the obtained bridge circuit for two variants of controlled objects that are reverse two-terminal networks. The proposed bridge circuit, like the initial one, belongs to quasibalanced bridges, because voltage spikes, that occur at the onset of the output pulse and at its termination and contain sum-totals of exponential summands fading to the zero within the transient time period, are not reduced to zero.


The occurrence of bright (>0.0016 ergs cm−2 s−1 sr−l) polar rain is found to be determined by interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. An automated search of 11 years of DMSP particle precipitation data (1984–1994) was used to identify polar rain. Comparison was made with 30-min segments of appropriately lagged 15-s IMP 8 magnetic field data. Bright polar rain away from the dayside merging line occurred almost exclusively under conditions favorable for rapid merging (Bz 2.5|Bz|). This implies that it occurs only on recently merged field lines and that during northward IMF open field lines have a distinctly different character, threading the magnetopause much further downtail than during southward IMF. The magnitude of this result was found to depend crucially on the distance from the Earth-Sun line of the IMF monitor, suggesting that unless the monitor is restricted to being within ∼10 RE of the Earth-Sun line, statistical correlations with IMF are likely to suffer contamination from roughly one in five events.


Command and Control operators rely heavily on text-chat communications to efficiently plan, direct, coordinate, and control assets. This communication intensive environment imposes a high degree of workload on operators thus resulting in failures of detection or comprehension of messages. This study examined the performance and workload associated with monitoring chat communication with access to features that allow for speech-to-text input as well as the highlighting of keywords. Operators monitored and responded to the occurrence of critical signals presented during a 10-minute chat monitoring task. Performance was analyzed with regard to message detection as well as measures of perceived mental workload. Data showed that voice response results in more detections than typing and that keyword highlighting also aids in overall detection. Voice response and keyword highlighting can be beneficial tools to operators monitoring chat because they afford quick and accurate text input thus allowing operators to maintain awareness of their display and reduce their workload.


A system is proposed and analyzed, which uses several transmit antennas to achieve diversity in a flat fading mobile radio environment. The signals at different antennas carry the same digital information, but have different modulation parameters (modulation diversity). In contrast to other proposals, no bandwidth expansion is required. Modulation diversity for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) type modulation is achieved by using different partial response type base pulses. Simulation results confirm the expected gain.<<ETX>>


In this article it is shown that the extremely low fertility rates reported in China – well below replacement level – derived from the Chinese Survey in 1992 are false. Serious under-reporting of most recent births in China was caused by various factors, among them high pressure on officials to achieve the birth control targets set, the design of the questionnaire, and the employment of family planning workers as enumerators. The most likely value of total fertility in 1991–92 was at or slightly below replacement level, i.e. between 2.1 and 2.2 children per woman. Even after adjustment for serious under-reporting, marital fertility fell substantially between 1990 and 1992, mainly as a consequence of tighter implementation of the strict family planning programme. Rapid economic development also contributed to the fall, as many young people in the country left farming to engage in non-agricultural activities locally, or migrated to urban areas, particularly in the southern part of the country, where economi...


Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in AGXT, leading to an excessive hepatic production of oxalate, resulting in urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis and chronic kidney disease. The authors present the case of a young female with PH1 who is the first patient treated with lumasiran in Portugal, and currently has a follow-up of 18 months.


We synthesize Tm3+/Tb3+/Eu3+triply-doped ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF(ZBLAN) transparent glass by using a melt-quenching method. Under excitation of 365 nm, the white emission with Commission internationale deL'Eclairage(CIE) coordinates of(0.33, 0.33) is achieved at the Eu3+concentration of 1.1 mol%. The mechanisms for white emission and the energy transfer process of Tb3+→ Eu3+are discussed in terms of the photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation spectra, and the light emission decay curves. The nature for the Tb3+→ Eu3+energy transfer is described with the aid of an energy level diagram.


Background Gastric cancer is an aggressive disease with nonspecific early symptoms. Its incidence and prognosis in young patients has shown considerable variability. Purpose of the study Our objective was to retrospectively study patients from our institution aged <30 years with gastric carcinoma. The study was undertaken to describe the experience of gastric cancer in this population, and to demonstrate its specific clinical and pathological characteristics. Materials and methods We reviewed the cases of histologically confirmed gastric cancer between 1985 and 2006 at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología of Mexico (INCan); emphasis in our review was placed on clinical presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic intervention, pathology, and the results. Results Thirty cases of gastric carcinoma were reviewed. The patients' median age was 27 years (range, 18–30 years) and the male:female ratio was 1:1. Conclusion Gastric cancer exhibits different behavior in patients aged, 30 years, but delay in diagnosis and the tumor's behavior appear to be the most important factors in prognosis of the disease.


With theoretical analyses and experimental investigations, the wall-slip phenomenon of lubricating grease flowing in pipes was proved in the range of experimental shear ratio. In the basis of the rheological equa-tion contained the wall slip, the theoretical formula of kinetic energy correction factor was established. For the convenience of application in engineering, based on dimensional analyses of the theoretical formula and the ex-perimental conclusions, the criterion equation of the kinetic energy correction factor was obtained for the first time. This criterion equation is simple for using and coincident with the theoretical formula highly for the pipes of various diameter used in the experiment. It supply a new convenient means for investigating flowing resistance characteristics of pipeline transport in centralized lubrication of lubricating grease. The criterion equation is not only applicable to Herschel-Bulkley fluid with wall-slip, but also suitable to Bingham fluid and power -law fluid with wall-slip.


Since a few years ago in Spain is seeking solutions to the dependence on non-renewable energy resources. In our community, wind energy becomes a real alternative energy, along with other renewable energy sources, especially solar panel. Having a policy that aid the support regional energy development in a sustainable way and the availability of areas in our region develop where are the basis of this work, whose goal is the identifi cation of sites suitable for the installation of wind parks in the municipality from Jumilla, considering environmental criteria.


Disc bolts play an anchoring role and improve the ultimate drawing force greatly through the anchor disc used in the soil.This phenomenon shows that disc bolt has its particularity in microscopic anchoring mechanism.This paper makes models and analyses microscopic anchoring mechanism on conventional anchor bolts and disc bolts by numerical simulation software MIDAS-GTS,then sums up the characteristics and advantages of disc bolts,the purpose is to make the application of disc bolts better in engineering practice.


We studied the optical and electrical properties of solution-based indium gallium zinc oxide single-walled carbon nanotubes blend thin film transistors (SB-IGZO/SWNTs blend TFTs). When the SB-IGZO/SWNTs blend TFTs were illuminated at a wavelength of 660 nm, the off-state drain current slightly increased, while below 550 nm, it increased significantly. The SB-IGZO/SWNTs blend TFTs were incredibly sensitive, with deep-level defects at approximately 2.25 eV, near the midgap. We also presented the photosensitivity (signal-to-noise ratio) of these TFTs. Our results demonstrate that the SB-IGZO/SWNTs blend could be a good candidate for an ultraviolet photodetector.


The economic performance of Świetokrzyskie Voivodeship is not one of the best in the country. The level of its development is visibly lower than in the majority of provinces. However, this situation is improving, especially due to development-oriented activities of the largest regional companies. The present study shows the spatial diversity of leading enterprises' economic power in the Świetokrzyskie Region. The market power of the enterprises which were selected from among 120 of the leading entities was determined on the basis of the following factors: income value, number of employees and the number of capital and personal relationships. The ownership and generic structures were also taken into consideration


Aiming at the problem that unbalanced data classification is disregarded in the standard Proximal Support Vector Machines(PSVM),a modified PSVM algorithm is presented,namely MPSVM.The different penalty factors are assigned to the positive and negative training sets according to the unbalanced population.The penalty values are transformed into a diagonal matrix.Then the decision functions for the linear and nonlinear MPSVM are achieved.Finally, the comparisons of algorithmic principle and performance are drawn.The experimental results show that MPSVM has a better generalization performance than PSVM and higher efficiency than the unbalanced SVM.


4. EINSTEIN, A. AND INFIELD, LI: The Evolution of Physics, Simon and Schuster, 1938. 5. GORGAS, M. D. AND HENDRICK, B. J.: William Crawford Gorgas, His Life and Work, Doubleday, Page and Company, 1924. 6. HOPKINS, SIR F. G.: Proceedings of the Royal Society, vol. cxlviii, p. 1. 7. KETTERING, C. F.: Radio Address, December 6, 1943. 8. SPAHR, W. E. AND SWENSON, R. J.: The Methods and States of Scientific Research, Harper Brothers, 1930. 9. U.S.S.R. Embassy, Washington, D.C., Information Bulletins. 10. WHITNEY, F. L.: The Elements of Research, PrenticeHall, Inc., 1937. 11. WILLIAMS, A. R.: The Russians, the Land, the People and Why They Fight, Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1943. The Soviets, Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1937. 12. WILSON, R. M.: The Beloved Physician, Sir James Mackenzie, Macmillan Company, 1926. 13. WYER, S. S.: Shift of Civilization.


No longer regarded simply as end‐stage cytotoxic effectors, eosinophils are now recognized as complex cells with unique phenotypes that develop in response stimuli in the local microenvironment. In our previous study, we documented eosinophil infiltration in damaged muscle characteristic of dystrophin‐deficient (mdx) mice that model Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Specifically, we found that eosinophils did not promote the generation of muscle lesions, as these persisted in eosinophil‐deficient mdx.PHIL mice. To obtain additional insight into these findings, we performed RNA sequencing of eosinophils isolated from muscle tissue of mdx, IL5tg, and mdx.IL5tg mice. We observed profound up‐regulation of classical effector proteins (major basic protein‐1, eosinophil peroxidase, and eosinophil‐associated ribonucleases) in eosinophils isolated from lesion‐free muscle from IL5tg mice. By contrast, we observed significant up‐regulation of tissue remodeling genes, including proteases, extracellular matrix components, collagen, and skeletal muscle precursors, as well as the immunomodulatory receptor, Trem2, in eosinophils isolated from skeletal muscle tissue from the dystrophin‐deficient mdx mice. Although the anti‐inflammatory properties of Trem2 have been described in the monocyte/macrophage lineage, no previous studies have documented its expression in eosinophils. We found that Trem2 was critical for full growth and differentiation of bone marrow‐derived eosinophil cultures and full expression of TLR4. Immunoreactive Trem2 was also detected on human peripheral blood eosinophils at levels that correlated with donor body mass index and total leukocyte count. Taken together, our findings provide important insight into the immunomodulatory and remodeling capacity of mouse eosinophils and the flexibility of their gene expression profiles in vivo.


According to many commentators, the most important characteristic of 2006 local elections in Slovenia is unexpected success of independent (nonparty) municipality council lists and mayor candidates. In our research, we wanted to find out if these statements are correct or are they just the effect of unexpected success of nonparty candidates and municipality council lists in specific municipalities. Three questions are especially important to us: Are we really witnessing important shift on Slovenian political space? Are the results of 2006 local election really distinguishing form previous election, concerning the success of nonparty municipality council lists and mayor candidates? Are there any essential differences between different regions regarding representation of nonparty mayors and municipality councilors?


In order to find mid-long term anomalies before earthquakes,summarize the rules and enhance earthquake prediction level,the anomalous shape,such as earthquake disturbance and coseismic steps in original record,daily mean value and vector curves of ground tile observation at Linfen Central Seismological Station before Wenchuan,Sichuan M8.0 earthquake are analyzed in this paper.


Solid-state diffusional dewetting is utilized to produce randomly oriented ensembles of nanoparticles on large scales, which then function as dry etching masks for generation of durable metasurfaces for antireflective and metaoptics applications.


Healthy algae release a proportion of the carbon they fix in photosynthesis as extracellular products in solution. The extent of such release is variable in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. Autolysis and decay of algal cells also leads to the release and dissolution of organic matter in natural waters. Heterotrophic bacteria may utilize the organic matter released by algae. It is probable that both the extent of such utilization and the nature of the bacterial flora are both variable. The great significance of these steps in the functioning of aquatic food webs is now recognized.


The discourse first reviews several core values in Confucianism (such as Humanity, Rightness, Ceremony, Wisdom and Trust) , and then explicates the complexity and richness of the Confucian traditions on the facets of time, area and level. But under the impingement of Western civilization, all the traditions of Confucianism are dissipated on the whole. Thus, this lecture points out that, on the one hand, animadversions on Confucianism made by the cultural elites of the May Fourth Movement are still superficial, and the enlightenments of Western values are also skin-deep; on the other hand, Confucianism must respond to the reign of the West, so as to get a lucky chance of renascence.


The helioseismic instruments aboard the SOHO satellite make it possible to measure solar oscillations as variations of the irradiance (VIRGO) or as variations of the photospheric velocity (GOLF). Theoretically, phase differences between different photometric bands are expected to be around 0 degrees over the p-mode frequency range. By using VIRGO (red) and VIRGO (blue) data, we find a mean phase shift of 8.05 ± 1.81°, whereas by using VIRGO (green) and VIRGO (blue) data, we got a mean value of –1.04 ± 0.19°. Hence, when the analysis includes the VIRGO infrared range, the Sun's atmosphere does not follow an exact adiabatic behavior. In this study, we use the phase shifts obtained by VIRGO (green) and VIRGO (blue) to determine the non-adiabatic parameter phase lag (ψT) as a function of frequency. To this aim, we applied the non radial linearized formula put in the complex form by Garrido: we found a mean value of ψT = 179.95°. The lowest value being ψT = 179.90°, the departure from theoretical predictions is less then a tenth of a degree over the entire p mode frequency range. We can state that the solar atmosphere has a behavior close to the adiabatic case, when the phase shifts and amplitude ratios are computed using VIRGO (green) and VIRGO (blue) data. Nevertheless this small deviation is significant. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Green GDP is a well-known phrase to the public,but China suspended the pilot work after first publishing the accounting report in 2006,because the gross domestic production was deducted greatly in the accounting results and a number of related disputes were raised.However,green GDP accounting can make the resource and environmental cost prominent,and make people more aware of the true state of the national economic and social development.At present,low-carbon economy,whose main aim is to respond climate change,has been advocated vigorously,but it should be included in circular economy planning at the national level.In this context,the purpose of readvocating green GDP accounting is to promote the research and practice of how to correctly assess the national sustainable development.This paper described the concept of green GDP,analyzed the integrated environmental and economic accounting system(SEEA) framework and the difficulties in green GDP accounting.It constructed a systematic GDP accounting equation which is adjusted by the environment through the depletion of natural resources accounting,environmental quality degradation accounting and recycled products accounting.On this basis,a case study was carriedout,taking eco-industrial park that is the carrier of low-carbon economy as an example.The results show that the maximum amount of reduction of the total output value is the depletion of natural resources,followed by the environmental quality degradation;while comprehensive utilization of waste has a positive effect.So,green GDP accounting enables the system development results to be re-understood.It can be confirmed that green GDP is a useful supplement for the traditional national economic accounting system,and that its accounting methods should be improved continuously,and should draw the constant concern from the system of national sustainable development strategies.


Rest, as atherapeuticmeasure,is desirablefor a shortperiodduring acuteillness, or tosoothe an inflamed part of the body, but prolonged rest in bed for medical illness is not without risk. This paper discussesadverseeffects of bed rest on each systemof the body and analyses 1,925 postmortemsfor evidenceof such illeffects found in patientswho had been confined to bed forsometime beforetheir death.It also presentssomeof the consequences of rest in elderly hospitalisedpatientswho spendmost of their time in bed or in achair.


The design of an electromagnetic pump for liquid metal is optimized. The model includes both electrodynamics and fluid-dynamics of the liquid metal. End effects are included in the model, in order to take into account the finite length of the pump and consequently the decrease of efficiency. For the Electrodynamic model, the permeability of the ferromagnetic core is assumed to be infinite. A finite slot configuration of the primary windings is assumed. In the design problem considered, the optimization regards the electrical supply system, the pump dimensions and the slot configuration.


Oviparous reptile embryos receive a significant proportion of their calcium from the eggshell. For chickens, ≥ 80% of hatchling calcium originates from the shell while for oviparous snakes the shell accounts for 20–25% of hatchling calcium. The chick chorioallantois, which lies just beneath the eggshell, expresses carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) late in development. CAII is hypothesized to provide protons that are pumped out of the chorionic epithelium to acidify the inner surface of the shell, dissolving calcium carbonate and liberating calcium ions for transport to the embryo. Using immunoblotting, we determined the pattern of chorioallantoic CAII expression during the development of an oviparous (Pantherophis guttatus) and viviparous (Virginia striatula) snake to test the hypotheses that 1) oviparous snakes express a mechanism similar to chickens for dissolving shell calcium and 2) CAII is not expressed placental calcium transport in viviparous snakes. In P. guttatus, chorioallantois expression of CAII increases late in development coincident with shell calcium transport to the snake embryo, supporting hypothesis 1. In V. striatula, chorioallantoic expression of CAII also increases coincident with placental calcium transport late in development suggesting that CAII may be involved in additional chorioallantoic functions such as gas exchange and/or acid‐base balance. Supported by NSF grant IOB‐06515695.


The early modern period was an age of expansive religious refashioning and upheaval. In the Mediterranean this was the golden age of the renegade, as converts, particularly from Christianity to Islam, were termed. While fear was almost universally evoked in these cases, there is ample evidence of widespread voluntary conversion in the Mediterranean. Emphasising violence allowed converts, particularly those seeking reconciliation, to situate the locus of agency outside themselves and thus redirect blame to those responsible for their alleged mistreatment. Evoking fear and violence, whether true or not, was a socially acceptable way to justify conversion, was validated by inquisitors as an acceptable motivation for apostasy, and usually led to a quick reconciliation. There is no question that a certain degree of trepidation informed decisions to convert, but we should be cautious in accepting at face value repetitive claims of coercion. It is likely that many of the converts who attributed their conversions to coercion may in fact have been motivated by other factors, and only retrospectively evoked fear to mask their apostasy, or rather to make it more palatable, and to ease their re-entry into their faith communities.


In the January 2012 issue, the article entitled "An act of tolerance" (Nat. Med. 18, 12–16, 2012) incorrectly stated that Ray Owen's 1945 experiment showed that twin cattle sharing a common placenta but different fathers had the same set of human leukocyte antigen markers. Human leukocyte antigens had not been discovered yet, and Owen's work showed that the cattle shared red blood cell types instead.


The proposed automatic loading detection (ALD) technique keeps high efficiency in interleaving power factor correction (PFC) over a wide load range. With the advantages of small input/output filter and output ripple in the interleaving mechanism, the improved efficiency by the ALD technique at light loads due to reduced switching loss can be widely used in the adapter of portable electronics. The ALD technique can calculate the power by the detection of peak input voltage to reduce the switching loss since the slave channel can be completely turned off for power saving at light loads. Therefore, the boundary control mode (BCM) control can simultaneously provide high power and keep high conversion efficiency both at light and heavy loads. The highly integrated PFC controller fabricated in TSMC 800V UHV process shows high efficiency of 92% over a wide output power of 180 W.


The aim of our study was to evaluate the blood and genetic compatibility of coronary artery stents. We investigated blood compatibility of the sample products by some tests including platelet aggregation test, platelet counts, The Thromboxane B2 concertration, determination of thrombin time, prothrombin time, activated partial throboplastin time and fibrinogen concertration after the samples were inserted into the common carotid artery of a rabbit; genetic compatibility was evaluated by using three in vitro tests that are Ames test, micronucleus test, as well as chromosome aberration test. The results of the these tests preliminarily showed that the coronary artery stents were biocompatible, laying a foundation for further studies and applications of the coronary artery stent.


Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 are designed to protect the civil rights of individuals with disabilities. These two laws have had a major impact on public schools, their offerings of services, and their budgets. The purpose of the present study is to determine if passage of the ADA in 1990 has resulted in a statistically significant increase in per-student public education expenditures at the state level. Although numerous studies have estimated educational cost functions, no prior study has examined the impact of the ADA on per-capita educational spending. Results of the present study indicate that the ADA increased per-student educational spending at the state level, but by less than 2 percent. By way of comparison, Rothstein and Miles (1995 ) noted in their study that desegregation added 4.1 percent to per-pupil spending and bilingual education added 3.9 percent. Copyright 2007 American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Inc..


The purpose of this paper is to conceptualise and operationalise the concept of supply chain management sustainability practices. Based on a multi-stage procedure involving a literature review, expert Q-sort and pre-test process, pilot test and survey of 156 supply chain directors and managers in Ireland, we develop a multidimensional conceptualisation and measure of social and environmental supply chain management sustainability practices. The research findings show theoretically sound constructs based on four underlying sustainable supply chain management practices: monitoring, implementing systems, new product and process development and strategy redefinition. A two-factor model is then identified as the most reliable: comprising process-based and market-based practices.


Based on the test methods for solar water heating systems, the useful energy output, water temperature rise and thermal efficiency of the wall-type all-glass evacuated tube collectors fixed at a large tilt angle (≥60o) have been conducted by the experimental test in Kunming. The results show that the average thermal efficiency varies from 35% to 50%, the useful energy output decreases from 13.1MJ to 8.8MJ and the water temperature rise decreases from 31.3 °Cto 20.9°C when the tilt angle increases from 60o to 90o. These results can provide some useful experimental data support for the application of the all-glass evacuated tube solar collector integrated into the wall of the high-rise buildings.


The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 conferred upon the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") the authority to recognize as "'generally accepted' for purposes of the securities laws, any accounting principles established by a standard setting body" provided that the standard setting body met certain conditions. Two weeks after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was signed into law in July, 2002 the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") and its parent organization, the Financial Accounting Foundation, submitted a letter to the SEC declaring that it met the conditions set forth in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Eight months later, in April, 2003 the SEC issued a policy statement that the FASB did in fact meet the Sarbanes-Oxley criteria.While the FASB met some of the criteria, this article argues that it did not meet all the criteria, and therefore the SEC exceeded its statutory authority in recognizing the FASB as a standard-setting body and accepting principles established by the FASB as a standard setting body. This article further argues that the SEC cannot recognize the International Accounting Standards Board as a standard setting body because it, too, fails to meet the criteria set out by Congress.


The US Naval Sea Systems Command recognised the need for a new Level of Repair Analysis (LORA) process to contend with problems encountered by logistics analysts. A new process was developed, validated with pilot tests cases and published as the NAVSEA LORA Procedures Manual (TL081-AB-PRO-010/LORA). As analysts accepted the process, it became apparent that a custom software application tool was required to adequately implement this LORA process. This paper provides the background for NAVSEA's LORA process and discusses one organization's success in bridging the gap between process and application for the user. The prototype development of the LORA software is described, explaining the benefits to user acceptance of the NAVSEA LORA procedures. The paper recommends further improvements and initiatives related to the LORA software, discussing the process in terms of continuous improvement for effective developments.


Background: Too much use of a smartphone can lead the musculoskeletal disorders in the neck and upper extremity. People spend more time in typing on it than using it as a phone. Objective: The aims of this study were to test which way we can type faster and better, and to understand the muscle recruitment in the neck and upper extremity while texting identical messages with one hand and two hands, and put the phone vertically and horizontally. Method: Fourteen healthy college students without any history of neuromuscular disorders or ongoing pain who used the smart phone more than one year were recruited. An iphone4 were used for texting the lyric of the Korean national anthem(79 characters with space) with one hand (dominant side) and two hands and put the phone vertically and horizontally. Muscle recruitment of neck (levator scapuare and middle trapezius), shoulder (infraspinatus and mid deltoid), elbow(biceps, brachioradialis), wrist (flexor and extensor carpi radialis), thumb (extensor and abductor policis, dorsal interossei) was collected with an electromyography system. The data were analyzed using the repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Typing with one hand took longer but not twice longer. After typing with one hand, more fatigue was reported. Placing the phone vertically or horizontally did not affect the typing speed. Typing error were less with two hand and with horizontally placed phone but not statistically significant. Less muscle activities were found in elbow and thumb with one hand use and in the neck with horizontally located phone. Application: Findings of this study can be valuable information for smartphone users to prevent the musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremities.


This paper presents a survey of recent research on the internal and interface shear strengths of geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). Essential concepts of shear strength testing and stress–displacement behavior are reviewed, followed by detailed discussions of GCL internal and interface shear strengths measured for static and dynamic loading conditions. North American research is emphasized and test results focus primarily on needle-punched GCLs and textured geomembrane products. In general, the data indicate the significance of normal stress level and shear displacement rate on failure mode and shear strength of GCLs and GCL interfaces.


Unitary evolution makes pure state on one Cauchy surface evolve to pure state on another Cauchy surface. Outgoing Hawking radiation is only subsystem on the late Cauchy surface. The requirement that Hawking radiation to be pure amounts to require purity of subsystem when total system is pure. We will see this requirement will lead to firewall even in \textit{flat} spacetime, and thus is invalid. Information is either stored in the entanglement between field modes inside black hole and the outgoing modes or stored in correlation between geometry and Hawking radiation when singularity is resolved by quantum gravity effects. We will give a simple argument that even in semi-classical regime, information is (at least partly) stored in correlation between geometry and Hawking radiation.


Nonlinear magnetization and the ac field energy absorption in single-domain nanoparticles with superparamagnetic behavior are considered. The exact kinetic description is reduced by retaining only the essential part of the magnetic response. Simple analytical formulas delivering the dynamic coercivity and the hysteresis loop area, i.e., absorption per cycle, are obtained. The good accuracy of these expressions with respect to temperature, frequency, and amplitude of the ac field dependences is demonstrated by comparison with the full numerical solutions.


This document provides a methodological framework for Component 2 of the Regoverning Markets programme - i.e. a comparative analysis of 32 case studies of innovative practice in connecting small-scale producers and SMEs with dynamic markets. This framework is not a blueprint, but it does emphasize the common elements that must be present in each Component 2 activity build a synthesis and a coherent set of conclusions and recommendations, starting from 32 very diverse and highly decentralized activities taking place throughout the world. The 32 case studies will focus on four 'drivers of innovation': (public) policy principles, (private) business models, collective action strategies by small-scale farmers, and intervention strategies and methods of development agencies. Each case study will generate policy lessons and working methods to guide public and private actors in supporting greater inclusion of small-scale producers in dynamic markets. This will be done on the basis of the following case study questions: The innovation and its context: What are the main characteristics of the innovation and its immediate context, both at the level of the supply chain and of directly relevant meso and macro trends, policies and institutions? Evolution: How did the innovation emerge over time and how did its evolution lead to greater inclusion of small-scale farmers and/or rural SMEs? What were the critical stages and the critical success factors in the evolution of the innovation? Evidence of inclusion: What are the costs and benefits of the innovation, and how are they distributed across different actors in the supply chain? What is the evidence of effectively greater inclusion of small farmers and/or rural SMEs, as a result of the innovation? What did the small farmers and/or rural SMEs gain or loose? Are these results sustainable? Drivers: What explains the greater degree of inclusion? What were the key drivers in terms of policy principles, business models, collective action and support systems? And now what...? What is the potential for upscaling or replication? What are the key challenges? (Resume d'auteur)


High shear wet granulation is a key step in the manufacturing of tablets in the pharmaceutical industry. From the pharmaceutical industry's point of view, there is a desire for predictive quantitative process models to be able to make in-silico process and scale-up simulations, which would shorten and reduce the cost of technology transfer from laboratory scale to manufacturing scale in drug development. The primary objective of the thesis is to develop mathematical models for describing the high shear granulation process. Population balance models are found to describe granule coalescence and growth well and in this study, both one-dimensional and multi-dimensional population balances have been implemented. However, the applicability of the population balances is limited if the particle flow in the granulator is not known in detail. Thus, the secondary objective of the thesis focuses on Experimental Fluid Dynamics (EFD), i.e. to develop experimental techniques for measuring the powder flow pattern, and to model the flow using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD).

In the one-dimensional population balance, the granule size distribution alone is modelled. By dividing the coalescence kernel into two factors, collision frequency and collision efficiency, respectively, it is found that the collision frequency expression derived from the assumption of equipartition of translational momentum between the colliding granules best describes the granulation process. In the multi-dimensional case, liquid saturation and porosity distributions for the granules are modelled as well. By generalizing the existing model, the temporal evolution of the distributions of particle size, liquid saturation and porosity can all be well modelled. Experimentally, a high speed camera is successfully used to obtain velocity data on the powder flow at the granulator wall and by using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), the velocity field from the wall and up to 4 mm into the dense rotating powder mix can be measured. In the CFD flow simulations, the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow combined with frictional stress models, is found to roughly describe the flow, and the experimentally found velocities act as validation of the flow model.


The invention relates to a correcting device and a correcting method for correcting a video signal, which are used for correcting the video signal. The correcting device comprises a controller, a controllable filtering device and a corrector, wherein the controller is used for generating a control signal; the controllable filtering device is used for selectively filtering the video signal according to the control signal so as to output one of the video signal and a filtered video signal; and the corrector is used for generating a group of correction factors according to the filtered video signal and correcting the video signal according to the group of correction factors.


The quality of education in Indonesia, according to the Political and Economic Risk Consultant (PERC) survey, is in the lowest rank of 12 countries in Asia. One of the factors that influence this problem is the low competence of teachers in carrying out self-reflection to improve the quality of learning. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the performance problems in teachers' self-reflection and to find solutions to the problems of the teachers' reflection. The research methodology used in this research is qualitative research. Data Collection techniques were questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation of the teachers in 10 elementary schools in Nogosari District, in Boyolali Regency. The data analysis used the Miles and Huberman technique, namely data reduction, data display, and concluding. The results of the study stated that about 64.67% of teachers sometimes conducted self-reflection, and the solution done from the problems was providing self-reflection training to improve the quality of the teachers' competence. The results of these studies can contribute to the improvement and development of teacher professionalism.


In this essay we aim to explore the Geometric aspects of the Calabi Conjecture and highlight the techniques of nonlinear Elliptic PDE theory used by S.T. Yau [SY] in obtaining a solution to the problem. Yau proves the existence of a Geometric structure using differential equations, giving importance to the idea that deep insights into geometry can be obtained by studying solutions of such equations. Yau's proof of the existence of a specific class of metrics have found a natural interpretation in recent developments in Theoretical Physics most notably in the formulation of String Theory. We will also attempt to explore the importance of a special case of Yau's solution known as Calabi-Yau Manifolds in the context of holonomy.


Due to a technical error in the original publication of Yoshii et al.,^1 numerical values given in in Figs. 1, 3, and 5–7 were either cut off or illegible. The online version of the article has been updated, and the correct figures are given below.


A thermoplastic polyimide composite material with high-thermal conductivity and its production are disclosed. The raw materials consist of thermoplastic polyamide acid, thermal-conducting filler 1 and thermal-conducting filler 2. The process is carried out by adding thermal-conducting 1 into thermoplastic polyamide acid solution proportionally, high-speed agitating to obtain polyamide solvent impregnated resin containing thermal-conducting filler, dip-coating onto thermal-conducting filler 2, dip coating fiber cloth, putting into baker, imine treating to obtain polyimide composite embryo-cloth. It's simple and convenient, has excellent comprehensive performances and higher thermal-conducting coefficient.


In this paper a comparison between grid-feeding and grid-supporting inverters is shown based on simulation and measurement of inverter output impedances. The output impedance of a grid-feeding inverter with current control shows capacitive behavior compared to inductive behavior of a grid-supporting inverter with voltage control.


A theoretical proposal is presented for the generation of light-bullets in planar waveguide arrays. The light-bullets form from noise, persist for a range of gains, and can easily be routed by sloping the gain profile.


Redundancy and optimality are standard concepts for prefix codes for finite-entropy sources, but they can be extended to codes for (discrete) infinite-entropy sources as well. Here three redundancy definitions and two optimality definitions are considered that accomplish this. The redundancy definitions turn out to be equivalent, and they are also equivalent to the 'expected codeword length minus entropy' definition when the source entropy is finite. An analogous statement holds for the optimality definitions. A theorem on the redundancy of finite sources is also presented; it provides a simple bound on the difference between the redundancies of optimal codes for two sources that contain an identical subset of symbol probabilities.


In the area of CAGD, in order to raise the flexibility of shape control for Bezier curves, using degree elevation formula for Bernstein basis function, we can obtain the degree elevation algorithm for Bezier curves. This concept of degree elevation for Bezier curves is extended to Poisson curves. In this paper, starting from the definition of Poisson curves, author obtains a degree elevation formula for Poisson basis function. Using the degree elevation formula for basis function, author gives a degree elevation formula for Poisson curves. Finally, author formulates its geometric meaning, presents a degree elevation algorithm for Poisson curves.


Unexpected and unsought contact with the dead has been sensed since time immemorial around the world. Serious research on this phenomenon started over a century ago. Ambitious studies done in Britain and France collected thousands of accounts of after-death communication, many of them evidential. Subsequent studies done here and abroad have documented that it is commonplace for healthy, normal people to have such experiences. This paper outlines the work of numerous researchers in this field.


Thermo-optic and electrostrictive contributions to the nonlinear refractive index were observed in a titanium dioxide thin film with embedded gold nanoparticles. A sol–gel method was employed for preparing thin solid film samples. The nanosecond nonlinear optical properties and the Young's modulus parameter were changed by shifting the optical absorption band associated with the localized surface plasmon of resonance of the gold nanoparticles with platinum. The third order nonlinear optical phenomena exhibited by the sample were induced by the second harmonic of a Nd-YAG laser with 532 nm wavelength; the nonlinear optical measurements were obtained by monitoring the transmittance and the amplitude modification for the vectorial components of the electric fields in a two-wave interaction. Optical evaluations were confirmed considering a straightforward measurement of the change in the refractive index of the sample when the sample was located in a Michelson interferometer.


To solve linear fixed charge problems with Murty's vertex ranking algorithm, one uses a simplex algorithm and a procedure to determine the vertices adjacent to a given vertex. In solving fixed charge transportation problems, the simplex algorithm simplifies to the stepping-stone algorithm. To find adjacent vertices on transportation polytopes, we present a procedure which is a simplification of a more general procedure for arbitrary polytopes.


Three laboratory scale units are designed and constructed in order to perform the present work. These units are capable of working under different hydraulic retention time (HRT) (16-32hrs), recycle ratio (0.25–1.5), and temperature (20 -35 ̊C). The results show that BOD5, COD, NO3-1, PO4-3 removal is increased with increasing HRT and recycle ratio under different temperatures. The maximum removal efficiency of COD and BOD5 is 97.16 % and 97.99 % respectively under 24 hrs retention time, 1.5 recycle ratio and 20 ̊C. However, the maximum removal efficiency of NO3-1 (83 %) was obtained under the same mentioned condition except temperature which was 35 ̊C. The maximum removal efficiency of PO4-3 (76.59 %) is obtained at 32hrs HRT, 1.25 recycle ratio, and 20 ̊C. It is obvious from the results of the present work that BOD5, COD, and NO3-1 removal increased with increasing temperature while; PO4-3 removal is decreased with increasing temperature.


Scores of blind and partially sighted children on verbal WISC scales were compared with those of sighted children in an attempt to discover whether the factor structures of the two groups corresponded. Score differences were caused mainly by the Comprehension and Digit Span subtests, blind and partially sighted children scoring lower than sighted children on the former, but higher on the latter. Intercorrelations among subtest scores were substantially stronger for blind children, with the exception of Digit Span. For sighted children, subtest scores were much more scattered, though scores on Information and Vocabulary, and Arithmetic and Digit Span, fell relatively close together.


Aim The fields of temperature, temperature grads, thermal stress, thermal strain of barrel in large caliber antiaircraft machine gun fired continually are studied. Methods The FEA methods is adopted when the physical model and FEA model are founded and the boundary condition of FEA model are loaded. The distribution of temperature, temperature grads, thermal-stress, thermal-strain are analyzed. Results The temperature, temperature grads, thermal-stress, thermal-strain of barrel in large caliber antiaircraft machine gun fired continually are presented. Conclusion Thermal pulse affecting thermal-stress, thermal-strain is the subordinate factor at first, then it becomes the primary factor. So, thermal pulse is the primary origin of thermal-stress, thermal-strain of barrel. At the same time, it is the primary factor resulting in destroying the barrel.


The human brain begins to develop from intra-uterine life and continues to develop throughout childhood until adolescence. Brain cells are mostly formed before birth, although nerve connections develop later. Neurological disorders have a wide spec-trum and can have various causes, complications, symptoms and effects. These neurological conditions can affect people regardless of age, however, few neurological conditions are present only in the early years of development


The difficult of multiplexer design is to eliminate residual susceptance. In order to eliminate residual susceptance obtaining impedance matching ,this paper designs the computeraided design software of star-point diplexer, star-point triplexer and constant impedance diplexer based on the Matlab development platform. The software can emulate the scattering matrix of the multiplexer accurately, in accordance with the SNP documents. It can also optimize the length of the transmission line rapidly achieving the purpose of eliminating residual susceptance and reducing the multiplexer design cycle. Finally, this paper verifies the correctness of the software using ADS, it is more intelligent, efficient, convenient compared with ADS. Keywords-Multiplexer; Matlab ; Complex interpolation;Scattering parameters;ADS


CONTEXT
Research on organ donation education is limited by its reliance on convenience samples (ie, small sample sizes and local schools) and its failure to assess methods of instruction on the topic.

OBJECTIVE
To describe medical and nursing students' training in organ donation by examining curriculum content and methods of instruction by using a national sample of medical schools and a statewide sample (New York) of nursing schools.

DESIGN
Self-report online survey.

PARTICIPANTS
Nursing and medical deans responsible for curriculum development and evaluation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE
Participants provided information on the inclusion of specific topics in organ donation, skills related to organ donation, and the declaration of personal donation intentions within their respective educational programs. Methods of instruction on such topics (eg, standardized patients, lectures, small groups) also were assessed.

RESULTS
Although many educational programs include an organ donation component, a significant proportion of schools failed to provide instruction on donation consent processes, definitions of brain and cardiac death, and the discussion of organ donation during a routine health care visit. Most schools rely on lectures as the sole method of instruction. Recommendations are made for how deficits in instruction might be addressed through future interventions and education.


As the key of high-precision satellite navigation application technology, integer ambiguity resolution methods can divide into three domains: measurement domain, position domain and ambiguity domain, among which position domain methods are rarely used in actual because of the large computation, and has become the bottleneck problem in this field. In this paper, on the basis of deep analysis of the specific satellite constellation of BeiDou system, a new position domain method was proposed which transferred the searching algorithm in 3 dimensions into 2 dimensions, utilizing the advantage of good geometry configuration in east-west direction of GEO satellites. The computation was greatly reduced by using this method, while the high accuracy was ensured. Actual receiver data was used to verify the proposed method, and the results showed the method was efficient.


The pulsed gradient nuclear magnetic resonance technique has been applied to the measurement of pore sizes in rocks. The measurements also yield an estimate of the strength of the magnetization relaxation at the pore‐rock interface.


During the middle years of the nineteenth century a significant number of American Negro reformers visited Britain. Their visits have not passed unnoticed. As J. H. Franklin has remarked, "More than a score of black abolitionists went to England, Scotland, France and Germany… Almost everywhere they were received with enthusiasm and were instrumental in linking up the humanitarian movement with various reform movements on both sides of the Atlantic." Benjamin Quarles, furthermore, has commented on some of their work in Britain.


Purpose – To enable facility management to define workplace strategy basing on organizations strategy and operations.Design/methodology/approach – In facility planning the workplace strategy process is subject to conditions of continuous change and uncertainty. The theory of workplace planning is constructed on the basis of production and commitment making concepts in order to link workplace to organization's general strategy. Workplace planning process includes computer‐aided applications for practical work. They measure owner needs such as user functions, geometrical and temporal needs, spatial performance and associated costs, thereby enabling activity‐based cost management.Findings – The customer workplace is linked to a complex social system. Achieving a final commitment of an organization is an iterative process of commitments, withdrawals and new approaches. The workplace planning process displays evidence of supporting group collaboration in terms of fostering stakeholder engagement, developing hi...


To editor: Toscana Virus belongs to the genus Phleobovirus, family Bunyaviridae. They are transmitted in the Mediterranean area by Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi sandflies (Braito et al., 1997). Toscana virus (TOSV) was first isolated in 1971 from Phlebotomus perniciosus in Monte Argentario (Grosseto, Tuscany) (Verani et al., 1982). Sandflyborne TOSV was recognized as a leading cause of acute meningitis between May and October in Central Italy and in other northern Mediterranean countries, TOSV is among the 3 most prevalent viruses associated with meningitis during the warm seasons (Charrel et al., 2005). TOSV must be considered an emerging pathogen especially in those travelers who had visited endemic areas in the summer. Although TOSV has been detected in sandflies in Italy (Braito et al., 1998), we are not aware of any historically documented human infection with TOSV in Calabria. We report a TOSV infection in a 32-year-old Italian male patient, who works and lives in the province of Cosenza. On July 10, 2010 he was admitted to the emergency department of Cosenza Hospital. He had suffered from a severe headache since the previous day and had dysphasia. On admission, the patient had neck rigidity with a fever reaching 38°C, vomiting and nausea. In recent months the patient had not traveled to other re-


Gas ionization sensor (GIS), made of two parallel plates, works on measuring the breakdown voltage of gases that is unique for each gas. The gas breakdown inside the gas chamber occurs due to the ionization of gas molecules by accelerated electron impacts. The acceleration of electrons is very depended on the effective electric field they experience. It is shown that metallic or semiconductor nanowires grown between the two plates improve the sensitivity of the device and breakdown voltages of the gases are considerably reduced. In this work we report the design, modeling, and simulation of a miniaturized GIS based on nanowires. We have developed simulating software based on an open source simulator XOOPIC. The simulation tool is based on combined Particle-In-Cell and Monte-Carlo-Collision approaches. The tool is developed to model and simulate the gas ionization sensor to detect various gases including greenhouse gases with optimized breakdown voltages. Copyright © 2013 IFSA.


We describe some modifications to a Bernas-type ion source that improve the ion beam production efficiency and source operating lifetime. The ionization efficiency of a Bernas type ion source has been improved by using a small anode that is a thin rod, oriented along the magnetic field. The transverse electric field of the small anode causes the plasma to drift in the crossed ExB field to the emission slit. The cathode material recycling was optimized to increase the operating lifetime, and the wall potential optimized to suppress deposition of material and subsequent flake formation. A three-electrode extraction system was optimized for low energy ion beam production and efficient space charge neutralization. An ion beam with emission current density up to 60 mA/cm2 has been extracted from the modified source running on BF3 gas. Space charge neutralization of positive ion beams was improved by injecting electronegative gases.


This paper presents a generalized electrical model of the interlayer contacts in integrated circuits and discusses various test structures capable of providing experimental data on the contacts. The techniques used for obtaining the specific contact resistance for the contacts and, where appropriate, the modification to conducting layer resistivities due to interactions Within the contact area are outlined. Using one of the techniques, experimental data on a polysilicon to single-crystal silicon contact is used as an example to obtain contact information. These results are discussed along with the experimental limitations applicable to the various techniques.


THE specimen, described in this paper, was originally shown as an instance of the invasion of a submucous fibro-myoma of the uterus by a mixed-celled sarcoma. Professor Beattie, of the University of Sheffield, has since made a very thorough microscopical investigation of the specimen, and haa come to the following concluaions : 1. The tumour is an endothelioma arising in the lymphatics of a fibro-myoma. 2. The glands of the endometrium, adjoining the growing edge of the endothelioma, have undergone malignant proliferation, forming an independent columnar-celled carcinoma. 3. The appearances of the growths are, in many places, modified by the presence of inflammatory cells. I am greatly indebted to him for his assistance and for the pathological report which is subjoined.


During the nineteenth century, a fundamental cultural change took place in the Ottoman Empire resulting from processes of acculturation and self-assertion as against the European expansion.' Although there exists no sharp fault line dividing Ottoman Muslim culture into "traditional" Or "pre-modern" and "modern", it is a widely accepted view that the modernization processes rapidly accelerated after the middle of the nineteenth century. In this period, European forms of literature were incorporated into the canon of literary genres used by Ottoman authors.2 Among the new literary genres which emerged in the Ottoman Empire, travel literature held a prominent position. Although travelogues formed a well-known genre in traditional Islamic literature, we find 19th century Ottoman intellectuals denying any continuity between the rihla-literature and modern travel books. Ahmed Midhat Efendi (1844-1912), regarded as an outstanding Ottoman publicist and homme de lettre,3 defined travel literature


This article addresses the social construction of gender in a preschool context. The data are from ethnographic participant observation in a Montessori preschool and interviews with its preschool teachers. I identify a discourse of suspicion surrounding male preschool teachers preconstructing them as threats. The dimensions of the discourse of suspicion in early childhood education characterize male preschool teachers as pedophiles, homosexual, effeminate, and/or violent. I also identify several strategies preschool teachers use to minimize suspicion. Minimizing suspicion is a discursive and self-presentation strategy with the goal of avoiding and/or limiting suspicion. This article suggests shifting the focus from the dearth of men in early childhood education to the underlying tensions at the intersection of the social construction of gender and early childhood education.


Benzene, naphthalene, related hydrocarbons and some of their derivatives act as optical sensitizers towards the decomposition of alkyl iodides in hexane solution. Within this group, the sensitizing power of a substance towards an acceptor runs parallel with the ability of the acceptor to quench the fluorescence of the sensitizer; this is demonstrated quantitatively and in detail. The quantum yield of the naphthalene‐sensitized decomposition of ethyl iodide follows an equation of the form 1/φ=a+b(1/[EtI]), and detailed analysis of the quenching and sensitization shows that while sensitization and fluorescence are alternative processes, they are not completely reciprocal, in that more molecules may sensitize than may potentially fluoresce. All of the observed features of the sensitization are consistent with its being the result of a resonative transfer of energy at collision from the excited sensitizer to the acceptor.


looked at the paperwork for the upcoming annual meeting of the chairpersons, which includes three documents from the High Commissioners' office more or less telling the chairs what they should do next in terms of strengthening the system. The document is too directive, and it will be of interest to see what the chairs will do with it. Another stakeholder with a critical role to play at this juncture is the treaty bodymembership. The treaty bodies hold in their own hands so much of the work of strengthening and improving the system. The work of cross-committee systematization will be challenging since the various memberships are not accustomed to operate in such a fashion. A device did emerge from the Dublin Process, endorsed by the General Assembly, intended to facilitate such cooperation. Exotically labeled as the ''Poznan Formula,'' this is an arrangement whereby the chairs can adopt a decision in areas of working methods which is binding for all the committees, as long as the subject matter has been given prior consideration in each treaty body. I fear that the application of this device will prove problematic in the case of contentious matters where the goal is to standardize widely varying practices. At a minimum, the work of harmonization of the working methods will require the exercise of very careful stewardship on the part of the respective chairs. Finally, we should keep in mind that what has taken place over the last four years despite its considerable success, has been, as it was put to me by a diplomat in New York, no more than ''one vast piece of sticking plaster.'' In other words, it is a response to a set of problems that probably will succeed in getting us over the worst and in sustaining the system for a short number of years. However, it cannot hide the need, eventually, for a fundamental root and branches reform of system. On that occasion I suggest we will need to revisit old ideas and engage with new ones. One old idea that I think needs to be re-examined is that of a former High Commissioner, Louise Arbour, for a single integrated united treaty body. One new idea concerns the possible future establishment of a world human rights court. To the extent that this proposal may gain traction in international public policy spaces, which I think will be some time in the offing, the issue will arise of how such a court would relate to the system or indeed to what extent it might supplant it. Whatever the future may hold, it will be important constantly to recall that test of effectiveness that I mentioned at the beginning: all reform, all change, must be tested on the measure of how better it protects human rights than what we have at present.


In the case of the symbiotic stars, their composite spectrum has been commonly attributed to the binary nature of these objects. However, prior to the IUE observations, there was no definite evidence for the presence of a hot secondary spectrum, in addition to the late type absorption spectrum normally observed in the symbiotic stars. The emission line spectrum does not necessarily require a hot photoionizing radiation, since the high ionization range could be explained by a coronal-type mechanism


••• Abstract: DELIKARI, Angeliki. The memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Thessaloniki . The cult of Saints Cyril and Methodius began soon after their death and spread quickly among the Slavs. Despite the fact that the Saints were Byzantine missionaries and thus plenty of hagiographic works about them existed at that time, a feast day dedicated to them was not established officially in Constantinople itself. In the Liturgical Calendar of the Metropolis of Thessaloniki their feast day was introduced in 1957. In 1966, the Metropolis of Thessaloniki organized several events with a panorthodox and oecumenical character in honour of the two Apostles of the Slavs. Since then there have been numerous efforts and activities (e.g. the foundations of centres, churches and monuments, publications, and much more) from several institutions to establish in Thessaloniki the tradition and memory of the two Thessalonian brothers. In June 2011, the Centre for the Study of the Cultural Heritage of Cyril and Methodius (www.kyrillos-methodios.gr) has been established in Thessaloniki, promoting research into the life and work of Saints Cyril and Methodius both in Greece and abroad.


Discussion Adverse skin reactions to estrogen-supplying TIS are quite common (3) and usually irritant, since rotating the site of application reduces their occurrence (4). In contrast, true Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are rare and more frequently to components other than the active drug, including the adhesive (5), hydroxypropyl cellulose (5, 6), and ethanol (7). We are aware of only I patient reported with a positive patch test to estradiol itself, who probably also had an allergy to the adhesive {5). Carmichael & Foulds (8) also documented patch tests in a patient suggesting estradiol as the causative agent, though no direct tests with this substance were described. Our patient showed positive patch test reactions not only to the TIS but also to 17-B-estradiol alone in 96% ethanol, acute dermatitis being verified by biopsy of the latter test reaction at 3 days. Control patch tests were negative in 10 volunteers, thus ruling out an irritant reaction. The test vehicle ethanol and all other components of the TIS were negative, leaving 17-B-estradiol as the sole cause of the Type IV hypersensitivity reaction described. 2 points are of particular interest. Firstly, this is a further example of type-IV hypersensitivity to an endogenous steroid being induced by its topical application (9, 10). Secondly, the identical drug remained well tolerated orally, demonstrating preferential homing of Tlymphocytes (11). Selective T-cell recirculation has previously been demonstrated and compartment-specific Tcell receptor repertoires defined (12). Similar findings are not unique within the context of applying TIS (13), and have also been documented in other clinical settings, e.g., for s.c. versus i.v. application of heparin (14). SHORT COMMUNICATIONS


Proponents of the fair-play theory of political obligation face challenges not only from those who reject or discount the possibility of political obligations, such as philosophical anarchists, but also from the advocates of competing theories of political obligation. This chapter supports the case for fair-play theory by demonstrating its superiority to its three principal rivals among such theories. Those three rival theories are grounded in either consent, association, or natural duty. All three have their attractions, but they are also vulnerable to serious objections. Their attractions, moreover, often derive from an implicit reliance on considerations of fair play.


The total lipid content and lipid fatty acid composition of fillets of Arctic charr, stocked at 40, 50 and 75 kg/m3, were determined. Lipid contents of fish fillets increased during the 24 weeks of rearing period, but were unaffected by stocking density (r =−0.7030). Lipid fatty acid composition of Arctic charr fillets remained relatively unchanged from week 8 of feeding, thus reflecting a turn-over period of less than 8 weeks for intramuscular inclusion of dietary lipids. Among density groups, content of individual fatty acids of fish flesh were similar. Unsaturated fatty acids were dominant in charr flesh and accounted for up to 75% of the total amounts. The contents of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were inversely related to stocking density (r =−0.9914 and −0.9963, respectively), whereas those of polyunsaturated fatty acids were directly related to stocking density (r = 0.9984).


Trajectories of positive continuous-time control systems starting in the nonnegative cone stay in this cone for positive time. This makes controlling of such systems very difficult. Various controllability and stabilizability properties of positive systems are considered. Some of them require that very restrictive conditions be satisfied, while others are never possible. The results concerning controllability and stabilizability are used to study cancer chemotherapy. The model describing chemotherapy is an example of positive nonlinear system, so all the difficulties in controlling such a system are exhibited in this study.


Recent developments in the field of European law, in relation to subject-matter consisting of living material, raise a string of basic issues as to the legal qualification of certain techniques used in agriculture and medicine, such as CRISPR-Cas9, and regarding their appraisal under European patent law. The present article reviews a series of decisions, including the decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union in case C-528/16, the decision issued on 7 February 2020 by the French Council of State and the Opinion of the European Patent Office Enlarged Board of Appeal of 14 May 2020 on Referral G 3/19.


Although China and the United States have various differences in traditional culture,ideology,social system and so on,their moral education approaches have comparabilities.By comparing the direct and indirect ways of moral education of the universities in the two countries,the author points out the common aspect and different sides in their moral education,in order to find out the shortcomings of moral education in our univercities and to learn from their advantages to improve the effectiveness of moral education in universities of our country.


The method of multipliers for variational inequalities with nonstrictly monotone cost mappings and convex differentiable constraints is considered. We prove the convergence of the method with an arbitrary value of the penalty parameter. We suggest to evaluate accuracy of solutions of auxiliary subproblems with the help of gap functions.


The paper addresses the application of microwave remote sensing to the vibration response measurement on the stay cables of cable-stayed bridges. The investigation, carried out on the stays of various bridges, clearly highlights: (a) the accuracy of the results provided by the microwave remote sensing; (b) the simplicity of use of the radar technique (especially when compared with conventional approaches) and its effectiveness to simultaneously measuring the dynamic response of all the stay cables of an array; (c) the repeatability of the test with Structural Health Monitoring purposes. 2 IOMAC'11 – 4 th International Operational Modal Analysis Conference The paper first describes the radar equipment and its technical characteristics in order to highlight advantages and potential issues of the microwave technology. Subsequently, the application of microwave remote sensing to the measurement of vibrations on the stay-cables of two different cable-stayed bridges are presented and discussed. 2 THE RADAR-BASED MEASUREMENT OF DEFLECTIONS The microwave-based measurement of deflections consists of two main steps: 1. to employ a radar to take coherent and consecutive images of the investigated structure, with each image being a distance map of the radar echoes intensity coming from the reflecting targets detected on the structure; 2. to compute the displacement of each target by comparing the phase information of the backscattered electromagnetic waves collected at different times. At each sampling interval, Stepped Frequency Continuous Waveform (SF-CW, see e.g. Wehner 1995) is adopted to detect the position of different targets placed along the radar line of sight. According to the SF-CW technique, the radar continuously transmits bursts of N electromagnetic pulses, whose frequencies are increased from pulse to pulse by a constant frequency increment f, so that large effective bandwidth of B=(N  1)f is attained. A large value of B is, in turn, highly desirable since the range resolution (i.e. the minimum distance between two objects along the line of sight, at which they can still be detected individually by the radar) r may be expressed as:


Driver fatigue and lethargy are widely acknowledged as significant contributors to the occurrence of vehicular accidents. During the preceding decade, there were a total of 66,000 motor vehicle accidents, resulting in 22,952 fatalities and 79,545 injuries. It is of the utmost importance to implement measures designed to notify drivers in order to prevent accidents and save lives. The purpose of this research was to develop and implement a Driving Drowsiness Detection System (DDDS) in order to increase road safety. The system employs eye and mouth movements as indicators in order to detect fatigue and reduce the likelihood of accidents. Using a high-resolution camera and Deep Cascaded Convolutional Neural Networks (DCCNN) to accomplish accurate drowsiness detection was the objective of this research. This study's methodology entails the analysis of driver behavior, with a particular emphasis on eye movements captured by a high-resolution camera. The facial region was identified using landmarks extracted from the Dlib toolset, and the "Eyes Aspect Ratio" metric was developed to quantify the level of fatigue. Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCCNN) output triggers an alarm on the dashboard of the graphical user interface (GUI). The study utilized an image with 450x320 pixels and a frame rate of 60 frames per second. In ideal lighting conditions, drowsy detection accuracy exceeded 99.9%, while in less than ideal lighting conditions, it surpassed 99.8%. Compared to previous research, the present study demonstrated a higher level of accuracy in detecting drowsiness.


We designed and implemented a structured system of mining Chinese product reviews. According to the user's specified product names,the system could grab reviews about the product on Internet,extract product features and automatically determine the polarity of context-dependent opinions and then return a structured result of the reviews as the triple( feature,opinion,polarity). The experiment proved the effectiveness of the algorithms. And it made an acceptable precision and recall.


To support emerging application classes and network use paradigms for Future Internet resilience, we are designing a new transport protocol: ResTP. ResTP overcomes the limitations of TCP and UDP that evolved in the context of the fixed, wired, connected, relatively reliable, and low-to-moderate delay Internet. ResTP is developed to efficiently carry traffic from various application types across a wide variety of network types. By supporting cross-layering, ResTP allows service tuning by the upper application layer while promptly reacting to network condition changes by using the feedback from the lower network layer. ResTP supports a set of transport-layer services, and each service is comprised of many mechanisms and algorithms that can be combined based on the specific mission requirement, application type, and underlying network characteristics. In addition, ResTP can exploit multiple available paths for its data transmission to increase redundancy while better utilizing network resources. With the design based on our ResiliNets framework, we believe that ResTP is the first transport-layer protocol that considers all disciplines related to resilience.


The synergic extraction of Am(III) by thenoyltrifluoroacetone (ΗΤΤΑ) and triphenylarsine oxide (Ph3AsO) in chloroform from Perchlorate medium has been investigated. The effects of the different parameters affecting the extraction were studied and the stoichiometry of the extracted species was found to be Am(OH)(TTA)2Ph3 AsO. The kinetics of this extraction has been studied using a stirred Lewis cell at ionic strength 0.1 (NaC104). The effects of rate of stirring, concentration of ΗΤΤΑ, Ph3 AsO and Η + as well as temperature on the rate of extraction were studied.


The effect of micelles of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the SNAr reaction of azide ions with 1-halogeno-2,4-dinitrobenzenes and on the subsequent decomposition of the aryl azide product has been measured. The nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction is shown to be subject to significant micellar catalysis whereas the subsequent decomposition of the aryl azide is not.


Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of fungus in patients′urine during the recent three years for providing the proof of pathogenic diagnosis and guidance to clinical mediciation.Methods The urine samples were collected from 2815 patients who were in hospital from 2006 to 2008,it was identified with VITEK32 system,and made antibiotic sensitivity with ROSOO slip diffusion assay,the related document were analyzed retrospectively.Results The isolation rate increased year by year.Fluorocytosine,itraconazole,mycostatin and amphotericim B all had good effects on fungus,But the drug resistance of fungus against fluconazole was high.Conclusion The isolation rate of Moliasis increased year by year,and the tendency of drug resistance rate appeared rising The cultivation and drug sensitivity test of Moliasis shoud be paid more attention on clinic,the monitor to drug resistance of Moliasis should be enhanced,and the use of antifungal medicine should be scientific and reasonable.


The contents and aim of a software program for the prosthodontic will be described for a diagnosis and expiration documentation in the prosthodontic field. The basis documentation and the construction of the dispensary-group-system will be explained. It will be concluded by the estimation.


This paper present an overview of the research being carried out by the University of Birmingham in the area of space-surface bistatic radar (SS-BSAR). Global navigation satellite system is considered as the transmitter of opportunity. It also highlights some of the problems faced when a receiver is mounted on a real aircraft. New experimental and imaging results are also presented.


BEFORE CRITICIZING adversely a scholar's work, two things should be ascertained with reasonable certainty: first, is the work to be criticized of sufficient importance to justify attention; and second, are the errors of the book so misleading as to call for correction. A series of thirteen volumes, entitled The Mythology of All Races, has been issued by the Archaeological Institute of America, under the editorship of Canon J. A. MacCulloch and the late Professor G. F. Moore. Volume VIII, published in 1928, contains Chinese, by John C. Ferguson, and Japanese, by Masaharu Anesaki. It is with the work of Dr. Ferguson that this article is primarily concerned. It is evident from the learned society which has issued these volumes, from the reputation of the editors, and from the names of the well known specialists who have written the other volumes, that this series is intended to be authoritative. Both Ferguson and Anesaki are well known scholars. The former has long been considered an authority on Chinese art, and it is generally understood that he is widely read in Chinese literature and has been closely connected with Chinese official and scholarly circles. Under such circumstances, if his work should be shown to contain careless generalizations, faulty classification, and misstatements of fact, it is a very serious matter. Scholars in other fields should have confidence that in relying upon statements made in such a work they are upon firm ground, and sinologists should be able to feel that this ground need not be gone over again. It may be said at once that from a scholarly standpoint, the work of Ferguson is inferior to that of Anesaki. For example, the latter has provided notes in which he explains etymologies, elaborates difficult points, and gives exact references to his sources. On the other hand, Ferguson refers to an impressive array of Chinese works, but by omitting exact references, makes it practically impossible for a western scholar to check him with any thoroughness. This is especially clear in his concluding chapter on " Criticism," 53


We consider three types of semilinear second order PDEs on a cylindrical domain Ω × (0,∞), where Ω is a bounded domain in N , N 2. Among these, two are evolution problems of parabolic and hyperbolic types, in which the unbounded direction of Ω × (0,∞) is reserved for time t, the third type is an elliptic equation with a singled out unbounded variable t. We discuss the asymptotic behavior, as t → ∞, of solutions which are defined and bounded on Ω× (0,∞).


Through our own results and from the literature it is observed that the micro plasticity in the gigacycle fatigue induced more than dislocations sliding. Sometime, phase transformation, refining of the grain, twinning, and instability of the yield point, occur even when the loading is small during a very high number of cycles. In high carbon content and in high strength steel, there is a transformation of the microstructure starting from a defect, in relation with the stress concentration and the stress field.


Most research studies in the portland cement concrete (PCC) pavement area focused on addressing distresses related to pavement structure itself. As a result, the design and construction of other structural elements of the concrete curb and curb and gutter (CCCG) system have been overlooked and not much research has been done in this area. Visual inspection of damaged CCCG systems was conducted in the field. All damaged CCCG systems were the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Type II system and almost all damaged CCCG systems were found at U-turn curbs due to excessive off tracking of traffic. Although geometric changes of the curb design are the fundamental solutions for the off tracking failure, such changes are not feasible in most cases due to economic and space limitations. Extensive finite element analysis was performed based on the new U-turn curb design of the TxDOT Houston district. The horizontal loading is the most critical loading condition to evaluate the structural adequacy of a CCCG system. The structural capacity of CCCG can be enhanced by increasing the curb width and/or by inserting the curb dowel further from the traffic face of CCCG. The use of the new U-turn curb design from the TxDOT Houston district is highly recommended for areas affected by the off tracking of heavy vehicles. It is recommended to position the curb dowel further from the traffic face of a CCCG system for better performance when the new U-turn curb design is applied. The use of an epoxy-grouted curb dowel is also recommended instead of a manually inserted straight dowel bar to ensure better bond performance between dowel bar and concrete in a CCCG system.


The irradiation effects of electronic beam on the larvae and adults of Tribolium confusum were studied.The results showed that the larvae were the more sensitive stage compared to the adult.250Gy could prevent its development from larvae to adult,and the larvae would die out within 14 days.When receiving a dose of 250Gy,the adult would die out within 42 days,and no new generation was found.So the dose of 250Gy irradiation was recommended for control of Tribolium confusum.


The changes of species composition and density of phytoplankton were monitored in the coast of Guan He rive Lianyungang City, Jiangsu, China, from October,2011 to August 2012. There were 205 species of phytoplankton collected during the surveys, predominated by Bacillariophyta(139 species), Dinophyta(28 species), Chlorophyta(16 species),Cyanophyta(9 species), Xanthophyceae(6 species), Chrysophyta(3 species), Chrysophyta(4 species). The phytoplankton densities were found to be changed monthly, with the peak in February(1.154 9×106cells / m3 on average) and the minimum in August(2.007×105cells / m3 on average).


The effect of certain simplifications in calculations of alcoholic distillation columns, such as to consider ethanol and water as the only components and to neglect heat losses is analyzed. The effect of reducing the number of components in the wine, from nine to the binary ethanol+water, over the enthalpy of the streams is discussed. The analysis was done from a nine components solution to the binary system ethanol-water. Three models for estimating the required properties were used showing that results are not significantly affected. The effects of heat losses by convection and radiation were estimated on both rectifying and purifying columns for insulated and non insulated cases were evaluated. The paper shows that the simplifications introduced to the HYSYS simulator are correct.


Because my intent for this paper is to strategically analyze the current opportunities for entering the pay-televsion (pay-TV) market in Chile, I have utilized the most recent and cogent sources available to me in the Benson Latin American Collection, UT-LANIC, and the Perry Castañeda Library, each of the University of Texas at Austin. Sources include, but are not limited to, government publications, industry-related websites, trade papers, scholarly journals, and reference books. Where possible I support articles taken from popular sources such as industry reports, newspapers and magazines with articles from more scholarly sources such as academic journals and books. The Chilean pay-TVmarket is still in its infancy and trade papers such as the entertainment industry newspaper Variety, and the magazines Cablevision and Multichannel News, tend to provide the most timely information on both the Chilean and Latin American pay-television markets. Business reference sources such as the newsletter Business in Latin America, published by the Economist Intelligence Unit, provide reliable, respected and time-relevant, business and country statistics and are also used to a great degree in the report.


The dynamic characteristics of flame closed to lean blowoff are investigated in the ducted combustor with the bluff body. The combustor has a long duct shape and rectangular cross-section. Bluff body takes the shape of an equilateral triangle. Methane was used as fuel. The blowoff equivalence ratio increase with the Reynolds number. And blowoff equivalence ratio change depending on the extent of the recirculation zone. When the flame closed to blowoff, recirculation zone and flame undergoes a considerable change, but this phenomenon is not directly connected to the blowoff. Shortly before the blowoff, the unburned gas strongly penetrate into the recirculation zone. The flame is disconnected at bluff body downstream and recirculation zone is completely collapsed. The combustible mixture eventually do not ignite and the blowoff occurs.