Seasonal greetings to all out readers. This last issue of Volume 9 brings seven refereed technical papers and a variety of reports on recent EUROGRAPHICS workshops and the annual conference. The usual items of EUROGRAPHICS Association business completes the issue. The first paper of the issue, by Day, contains general discussion of the problems encountered with degeneracies when implementing geometric algorithms, illustrating the general comments on the usefulness of the perturbation technique in the implementation of a 2D convex hull algorithm. The results of the algorithm are discussed. In the second paper French addresses the problems of compatibility between different international standards by describing the implementation of a GKS-3D system which uses an underlying PHIGS implementation. The objective is to allow conforming GKS applications to run on PHIGS orientated hardware, without alteration, correctly and efficiently. The author also describes some of the problems which arise due to the mismatches between GKS and PHIGS and comments on performance and portability.


We introduce an ultra-fast, continuously tunable true-time delay, featuring settling times of tens of picoseconds. Our solution operates for large bandwidth signals, has a low complexity, low losses, and can be fully integrated.


Quantum Cryptography is based on the use of subatomic particles (photons) and their intrinsic quantum properties (photon polarization) to develop an unbreakable system. It is not possible to measure the quantum state of any system without affecting the system. This property provides secure transmission of key between sender and receiver. Quantum Cryptography is a way to combine the relative ease and convenience of key exchange in public key cryptography with the ultimate security of a one-time pad. Quantum techniques for key distribution, the classically impossible task of distributing secret information over an insecure channel whose transmissions are subject to inspection by an eavesdropper, between parties who share no secret key initially. Quantum Cryptography uses the principles of Quantum Mechanics to implement a cryptographic system. The key problem which is solved by using quantum techniques is that of eavesdropping detection. The bits are represented as qubits, physically modeled by photons, and communicated over a quantum channel. The polarization states of photons represent 0's and 1's. Keyword: Asymmetric key, Cryptography, Protocols, Quantum, symmetric key


Background: The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans consumes bacteria as its sole food source. Results: The bacterium Vibrio cholerae produces a quorum-sensing signal molecule called CAI-1, which C. elegans detects through the AWCON chemosensory neuron. Conclusion: C. elegans uses bacterial-produced molecules as cues, and these molecules are also physiologically significant to bacteria. Significance: The V. cholerae molecule CAI-1 enables cross-kingdom chemical interaction. In a process known as quorum sensing, bacteria use chemicals called autoinducers for cell-cell communication. Population-wide detection of autoinducers enables bacteria to orchestrate collective behaviors. In the animal kingdom detection of chemicals is vital for success in locating food, finding hosts, and avoiding predators. This behavior, termed chemotaxis, is especially well studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we demonstrate that the Vibrio cholerae autoinducer (S)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one, termed CAI-1, influences chemotaxis in C. elegans. C. elegans prefers V. cholerae that produces CAI-1 over a V. cholerae mutant defective for CAI-1 production. The position of the CAI-1 ketone moiety is the key feature driving CAI-1-directed nematode behavior. CAI-1 is detected by the C. elegans amphid sensory neuron AWCON. Laser ablation of the AWCON cell, but not other amphid sensory neurons, abolished chemoattraction to CAI-1. These analyses define the structural features of a bacterial-produced signal and the nematode chemosensory neuron that permit cross-kingdom interaction.


In this paper, a dual-mode differential chaos shift keying with index modulation (DM-DCSK-IM) is proposed. In the proposed system, the bit stream is partitioned into two subblocks, where the first subblock is the mapped bits used to select the active time slot, which presents the time slot's constellation mode, and the second subblcok is the modulated bits, which are further divided into two groups and modulated by a pair of distinguishable modem-mode constellations, respectively. Unlike the recently proposed pulse-position-modulation differential chaos shift keying (PPM-DCSK), since both the active and inactive time slots are applied to convey the information bits, the data rate of the proposed system can be promoted significantly. In order to detect the active time slots and recover the mapped bits as well as modulated bits correctly, we propose an effective detection algorithm for the proposed system. Furthermore, the theoretical bit error rate (BER) expressions are derived over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and multipath Rayleigh fading channels, and the simulation results validate the accuracy of our derivations. Finally, the BER performance of the proposed system is compared with the other non-coherent chaotic communication systems, and the results indicate that the proposed system can offer competitive and satisfactory BER performance.


Many Parties to the CBD underutilise tourism as a means to contribute towards the financial sustainability of protected areas. The development of the present guidelines on tourism partnerships and concessions for protected areas is a response to this under-utilized potential and to recent decisions of the CBD on tourism.


This study provides a toolkit to nowcast, or produce early estimates of, gross domestic product (GDP) growth in India. We use a dynamic factor model (DFM) to nowcast GDP growth in India on a quarterly basis from January 2000 to December 2018. The DFM methodology offers a powerful and tractable means of nowcasting economic growth while accounting for mixed-frequency data, which is data released on different dates, and missing time series. The specified DFM, which includes six quarterly indicators and 12 higher-frequency monthly variables, is able to effectively nowcast growth in India. The variables in the framework are drawn from the real, monetary, financial, and external sectors in India and selected to represent aggregate economic activity. There are several interesting results in the study. A key finding is that rainfall has high predictive content for GDP growth in India, a novel result from the viewpoint of the existing nowcasting literature.


The "Tom Swifties" mentioned in your April issue are a "rediscovery" of a word game dating from at least the 1950s; it may have originated among U.S. advertising and magazine writers. Note that the examples cited by your correspondents are all "Type B" Swifties, which play on adverbs ("They say I overuse adverbs," Tom said Swiftly). More difficult are "Type A" Swifties, which play on verbs. Some examples: "/ don't have a drinking problem," Tom gulped. "Don't call me a son-of-a-bitch!" Tom growled. "What a lovely brook!" Tom babbled. "I love you passionately!" Tom ejaculated. The article "Etymorphs" recalls another word game, fairly common among literate Americans (for all I know, among literate Brits too); it's known as "Dictionary" or "Fictionary". Briefly: 1. In each round of the game, one player, the "leader," finds a word in a large dictionary that none of the other players knows (they're expected to be truthful, of course). 2. The other players write down plausible "definitions" of the word; the leader writes down the real definition. 3. The slips are passed in and the leader reads out all the definitions, real and fictitious; the other players then indicate which they think is the real one. 4. A player scores a point for each player "caught" by his or her fictitious definition, and another if s/he spots the real definition; if nobody spots it, the leader gets a point for every other player. On the next round, another leader takes over.


Why Economic Policies Change Course: Eleven Case Studies. Economics and Statistics Department. Paris: OECD, 1988,122 pp. ISBN 92-64-130993> 7-5OSustainability and unsustainability are two sides of the same coin of policy making. In the world of economic policy, national officials often defend a controversial measure as the only policy possible for the government to sustain, until it is abandoned as 'obviously' unsustainable and another policy put in its place. If a policy really is unsustainable, then sooner or later it must be abandoned. However, the time lags (and the costs) between bailing out sooner rather than later are substantial. This slim yet thought-provoking volume was prompted by a seemingly simple question: Why do governments act at certain times but not at others to alter substantially the course of macro-economic policies? To Working Party 3 of OECD this is a recurrent practical issue. To shed light on this issue, OECD staff, led by Stephen Potter, Val Koromzay and Bixio Barenco, have compiled 11 case studies of major changes in national economic policies in the past decade and one-half, covering all the G-7 nations plus the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and Belgium. Inflation and exchange rate problems are prominent, but the authors emphasize that no one economic goal can be considered in isolation. An 'unsustainable' situation is denned as 'one which, if left untended, is likely to result in discontinuities and dislocations, such as a collapse of the exchange rate and accelerating inflation with severe costs — economic, political and social' (p. 12). Starting from a concern with the use of leading economic indicators to warn of difficulties, the authors find that conventional economic data and analysis did indicate 'the writing was on the wall', warning of the unsustainability of policies. They admit, however, that reading and interpreting the writing is much easier in hindsight than it was at the time. This was not only due to political controversies, but also due to lags in economic analysis, found even in the OECD's 1977 McCracken Committee report, Towards Full Employment and Price Stability. The role of changing ideas is recognized but not probed in what is an operational rather than an intellectual account of events. Given that the volume concentrates upon policies that were eventually abandoned, the immediate analytic concern is: Why was corrective action delayed? Given the sensitive position of the authors, it is not surprising that the overview chapter devotes little space to political factors as a cause of pursuing what became unsustainable. International forces, in the form of exchange-rate pressure, 'peer pressure from abroad' and in two cases, an IMF loan were critical in triggering national government recognition that its current policy could no longer be sustained. The responses of national governments are judged 'well adapted' to foreign exchange markets, if not to all political groups within a nation.


A three year study on the influence of abiotic factors on the occurrence of major parasitolds associated with the pumpkin caterplllar, Diaphania indica (Saunders) revealed that Apanteles taragamae Vler.and Goniozus sensorius Gordh were active during the cooler months of the year (October-April) indicating that temperature had a negative influence on their occurrence. The activity of Apantele s macbaeralls Wilkinson was maximum from April to August and its occurrence was positively influenced by temperature.


A novel low-cost flight simulator with the development goals cost effectiveness and high performance has been realized for meeting the huge pilot training needs of airlines. The simulator consists of an aircraft dynamics model, a sophisticated designed low-profile electrical driven motion system with a subsided cabin, a mixed reality based semi-virtual cockpit system, a control loading system and some other subsystems. It shows its advantages over traditional flight simulator by its features achieved with open architecture, software solutions and low-cost hardware. Keywords— Flight simulator, mixed reality, motion system, control loading system.


The invention discloses a semi-closed space-based air conditioner cooling tower system which comprises a semi-closed space and a plurality of cooling tower groups, wherein the semi-closed space is internally provided with a vertical air shaft which is used for sending air into the semi-closed space; the cooling tower groups are arranged along the inner periphery of the semi-closed space; the cooling tower in each cooling tower group is provided with a fan which is used for pumping the air in the semi-closed space and a cooling tower exhaust cylinder which is used for discharging the hot air; each cooling tower group is provided with a cooling tower exhaust box which is used for uniformly discharging hot air out from the semi-closed space; the cooling tower exhaust cylinders of the cooling tower groups are communicated with the cooling tower exhaust boxes. The semi-closed space-based air conditioner cooling tower system has the advantages of preventing the cooling towers from intake/exhaust short circuit and improving the operation efficiency of the cooling towers.


* Editors' Overview * A Scholarship of Practice: Creating Discourse Between Theory, Research and Practice (Gary Kielhofner) * ACADEMIC-PRACTICE PARTNERSHIP MODELS AND OUTCOMES * Scholarship of Practice in the United Kingdom: An Occupational Therapy Service Case Study (Kirsty Forsyth, Edward A. S. Duncan, and Lynn Summerfield Mann) * Completing the Cycle of Scholarship of Practice: A Model for Dissemination and Utilization of Evidence-Based Interventions (Elizabeth Walker Peterson, Elaine McMahon, Marianne Farkas, and Jonathan Howland) * A Model of University-Community Partnerships for Occupational Therapy Scholarship and Practice (Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar, Joy Hammel, Christine Helfrich, Jennifer Thomas, Tom Wilson, and Daphyne Head-Ball) * The Practice-Scholar Program: An Academic-Practice Partnership to Promote the Scholarship of "Best Practice" (Patricia Crist, Jaime Phillip Munoz, Anne Marie Witchger Hansen, Jeryl Benson, and Ingrid Provident) * ACADEMIC APPROACHES TO THE SCHOLARSHIP OF PRACTICE * Academic-Clinician Partnerships: A Model for Outcomes Research (Karen A. Stern) * Synthesizing Research, Education, and Practice According to the Scholarship of Practice Model: Two Faculty Examples (Renee R. Taylor, Gail Fisher, and Gary Kielhofner) * A Collaborative Scholarly Project: Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (Jan Stube) * New Doors: A Community Program Development Model (Kathleen Swenson Miller and Caryn Johnson) * PARTICIPATORY ACTION AND OTHER RESEARCH METHODS APPLIED TO PRACTICE * A Participatory Action Research Approach for Identifying Health Service Needs of Hispanic Immigrants: Implications for Occupational Therapy (Yolanda Suarez-Balcazar, Louise I. Martinez, and Clemencia Casas-Byots) * Brief or New: Interagency Collaboration to Support Adults with Developmental Disabilities in College Campus Living (John F. Rose, Donna M. Heine, and Cristine M. Gray) * Therapists' and Clients' Perceptions of the Occupational Performance History Interview (Ashwini Apte, Gary Kielhofner, Amy Paul-Ward, and Brent Braveman) * Education and Practice Collaborations: A Pilot Study Between a University Faculty and County Jail Practitioners (Patricia Crist, Andrea Fairman, Jaime Phillip Munoz, Anne Marie Witchger Hansen, John Sciulli, and Mila Eggers) * DEVELOPMENT OF EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE SKILLS IN PRACTITIONERS * Achieving Evidence-Based Practice: A Process of Continuing Education Through Practitioner-Academic Partnership (Kirsty Forsyth, Jane Melton, and Lynn Summerfield Mann) * Index * Reference Notes Included


Spatio-temporal patterns of cyclic larch bud moth population densities, for instance synchrony (valley scale) and travelling waves (Alpine arc scale), have been observed at different scales and may be related to distinct causes. In this study, quantification of population data through cross-correlation analysis and spectral analysis revealed that larch bud moth population cycles at the valley scale could be considered to be in close synchrony with one another. At the Alpine arc scale the presence of travelling waves could generally be confirmed. These results have implications for the understanding of the causal mechanisms behind the observed spatio-temporal patterns, suggesting that at the valley scale synchrony depends not only on distances between subpopulations, but is also affected by environmental/habitat characteristics that vary in space. At the Alpine scale, distance between populations is of greater importance in shaping spatio-temporal patterns than at the valley scale.


The combination of the wireless ad-hoc network and the future cellular mobile communication system attracts more and more study and attention from the academic and industrial circles.This thesis discusses in detail about the necessity of introducing ad-hoc mode,the developing trend of the multi-hop cellular network technology at home and abroad and the system architecture in the situation of a single cellular.It stresses on the introduction of the agent-get problems and distributed agent-get algorithm based on hop count,and conducts simulation analyses of the effects of each parameter on the agent-get probability in the situation of single cellular.The simulation result indicates that enlarging the radius of the cellular and the nodes' transmission radius can effectively increase the agent-get probability,and increasing the hop-limit can effectively improve the agent-get probability only when the hop-limit is rather small.


This paper describes the design requirements and investigates the feasibility of a platform capable of providing support for the working diver under common activity conditions. The platform would have the ability to maintain a fixed position and orientation relative to the work object and to resist the forces and moments exerted on it by the diver. A computer control system is developed which monitors the platform's position and orientation, calculates the optimal correction and automatically controls the thrusters in order to maintain the predetermined position. A 1/5 scale model is constructed and tested using a hybrid computer. The model performance is found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.


The article studied the mineral processing on fine particle gold ore impurty bearing.The result showed that the grade of gold concentrate was 42.22 g/t,the gold recovery was 84.68%.


The aim of the article is to outline the theoretical grounds of regionalism and, in particular, to explain the basis of this new phenomenon, its forms (stages) and historical development. The core of the explanation is a "new" regionalism as the third wave of regionalism in the world economy: its interpretation, causes, diversity and cases of regional integration. Furthermore, trends in regional development of trade initiatives have been outlined (from the "old" to "new" regionalism, from a "looser" to "deeper" integration, from individual cases to "global" regionalism.) In the conclusion, areas requiring further examination in connection with the impact of regionalism on the Czech economy have been defined.


In this paper, a blind restoration method is presented to remove the blur in remote sensing images. An alternating minimization (AM) framework is employed to simultaneously recover the image and the point spread function (PSF), and an adaptive-norm prior is used to apply different constraints to smooth regions and edges. Moreover, with the use of the knife-edge features in remote sensing images, an automatic knife-edge detection method is used to obtain a good initial PSF for the AM framework. In addition, a no-reference (NR) sharpness index is used to stop the iterations of the AM framework automatically at the best visual quality. Results in both simulated and real data experiments indicate that the proposed AM-KEdge method, which combines the automatic knife-edge detection and the AM framework, is robust, converges quickly, and can stop automatically to obtain satisfactory results.


Recently, strained silicon and SiGe have been used to enhance electron and hole mobilities in MOSFETs [1]. Due to conflicting requirements on device structure for analog and digital performance in terms of Ion/Ioff, transconductance and output resistance [3], novel device designs are essential for high performance analog devices. Laterally asymmetric channel devices have shown great promise in improving both analog and digital performances [4]. The main consideration of such designs is to produce a desired lateral electric field profile along the channel to achieve large carrier injection velocity and therefore high Ion. Such E-field profiles are previously generated by either using a gate with dual work function (Split-gate MOSEFT) [5], or laterally asymmetrically doped channel MOSFET [6]. In this paper, a novel asymmetric SiGe/Strained-Silicon heterojuction channel MOSFET is proposed. It utilizes another beneficial characteristic of SiGe and Strained Silicon (Strain-Si) in terms of their conduction band edges offset, ΔEc. Due to lattice mismatch between relaxed-SiGe and Strained-Si, the electron affinity of Strained-Si is lower than that of SiGe. This conduction band offset along the MOSFET channel contributes to increased electron velocity near the source. Simulation shows that this enhanced transport property can result in 12% improvement in the drive current compared to Strained-Si MOSFET. More significantly, both transconductance and output resistance are higher, resulting in an 80% improvement in intrinsic gain. This new structure is promising for future high-speed ballistic transistors [7].


Providing a separator / anode assembly for use in a current generating cell, the assembly includes an anode current collector layer interposed between the first anode layer and the second anode layer, the anode of the first anode layer and a porous separator layer overlying the opposite side of the current collector layer, the first anode layer may be coated directly on the separator layer. Also provides a method of preparing such a separator / anode assembly. .The


The present invention provides a system for recovering energy in the exhaust gas circuit of a heat engine of a vehicle (1) (3), relates to a system comprising an exhaust gas bypass duct (15) comprising a heat exchanger (18). Energy recovery system according to the invention, the portion of the exhaust circuit which is disposed downstream of the connection point of the bypass duct for connection to an exhaust circuit (3) (15) (17), an exhaust circuit (3) at least partially close provided a valve (16) that can bypass duct (15), heat exchanger (18) to the outlet of the first pipeline extending to the intake circuit (2, 6) in (20) When, it is mainly characterized by the fact that comprises a valve (16) a second pipeline (21) extending downstream of the exhaust circuit (3) of the.


Libraries play an important role in advancing the institute of education because the library is a place to improve knowledge for the students. In the library of SMK Negeri 1 Gelumbang running processes such as member registration, input data on prospective member, borrowing and returning books, book data input and book catalog still written in the ledger. Avoid delays in the system library service SMK Negeri 1 Gelumbang, it is necessary to design an information system library that can help and easier the activities of the circulation of the books. In the information system library SMK Negeri 1 Gelumbang uses (User Centered Design) dan UML (Unified Modeling Language) as well as for language programmer PHP with a MySQL database.Hopefully with this library information system it can solve the problems which exist in the library and can help in the development of science students.


This paper proposes and analyzes a preemptive reservation arbitrated access scheme to facilitate the transport of real time traffic over dual bus metropolitan area networks (MANs) on a bandwidth on demand basis. This access protocol allows full statistical multiplexing among variable bit rate isochronous (VBRI) traffic while providing nearly isochronous transport service thus enabling significant capacity improvement compared to pre-arbitrated (PA) access. We have analyzed its performance by simulations validated by idealized analytical results. Results indicate that at the expense of requiring one more control bit in the access control field (ACF), preemptive RA access provides much fairer service than the 1-persistent RA access scheme. It is also not too sensitive to propagation delay unless the delay is unrealistically high. In general, RA access offers a valuable complement to the existing PA and queue-arbitrated (QA) access methods to provide a complete set of transport solutions for all B-ISDN services.


The main aim of this study is to analyse sectoral income differentials and income poverty in Chilean agricultural between 1935 and 1968. The food share method of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) is used as a methodological approach. The conclusions are as follows: (1) contrary to what the existing literature suggests, the Chilean agricultural sector was not entirely an agrarian subsistence economy; (2) the cost of agricultural labour began to increase in the mid-1930s, but less than in the industrial and manufacturing sectors in urban areas; (3) maintaining tenants above the poverty line in rural areas from 1935 to 1955 was as expensive as paying the average wage of blue-collar workers; and (4) if days worked per year and household size are considered, agricultural wages rose but remained below the poverty line for rural areas.


Objective The project of hypertension control in communities(HCC) aimed to determine the effect of standardized community-based management on control of hypertension.Methods The protocol of standardized community-based hypertension management was developed by expert board with being oriented by 2005 guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension in China.Community health service centers across China were selected to implement the protocol.After trained with the protocol,the primary care physicians from selected centers were asked to manage hypertensives using the protocol.The control of hypertension was evaluated after 1 year.Results By the end of 2008,there were 110 610 patients with eligible baseline data for analysis,47.7% were male.The mean entry systolic/diastolic blood pressure was(145.5±17.3)/(88.3±10.7) mmHg,about 31.5% patients like to eat highly seasoned food,17.1% drink,18.5% smoke.Prevalence was higher in male than in female(P0.05).Grade 1,grade 2,and grade 3 hypertension were 47.1%,22.4% and 8.1%;low-,moderate-,and high-risk group were 9.4%,53.9% and 36.7%,respectively.At entry,75.7% were treated and 22.5% were under controlled(140/90 mmHg).Conclusion The baseline characteristic of HCC subjects were described in this article.It showed that a standardized management protocal might improve the control rate of hypertension.


To determine if concentration of propofol is related to the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) surgery in geriatric patients. A total of 218 patients scheduled for elective OPCABG surgery were enrolled into three groups based on propofol dose, including TCI plasma concentration of 0.5-1.0 μg/ml (Group P1), 1.1-1.5 μg/ml (Group P2) and 1.6-2.0 μg/ml (Group P3). Neuropsychological testing was performed before surgery and at day 1, day 3, day 7, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery. S100-β and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured at the startand end of surgery and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. As compared to groups P1 and P2, MMSE scores in group P3 decreased significantly at day 1 and day 3 postoperatively (P<0.05). S100-β protein and NSE were significantly differentin group P3 as compared to groups P1 and P2 (P<0.05). POCD incidence may correlate with concentration of propofol in patients undergoing OPCABG surgery.


Part 1 The stage is set: a global heritage sudden decline, slow recovery the goal is growth. Part 2 The search for balance: the quiet man from finance are you a steel man or a plastic man? storm warnings. Part 3 Fight for survival - the takeover threats: ten days of terror an end to gradualism the Ivy League predators. Part 4 Fast track to global leadership: Warren Buffet comes aboard countdown to sensor Al Zeien takes charge the sixth leg. Part 5 Gillette's global culture in practice: the development of global skills Latin America shows the way a foot on the ground the reluctant global warrior.


DOI: 10.21276/sjavs.2018.5.4.10 Abstract: Bananas have a high diversity, so it can be a source of germplasm in plant breeding programs. This research aimed to investigate diversity of banana (Musa spp.) germplasm in the City of Bandar Lampung based on the number of chromosome and types of genome. The banana plant samples were taken randomly from 12 districts in Bandar Lampung. Morphological characterization for genomic determination of the plants was done using 15 characters from Simmonds and Shepherd (1955) and the expectation scores of genomes was adopted from Silayoi and Camchalow (1987). Banana chromosomes number was determined using the squash method.The results showed among 27 accessions of bananas collected from Bandar Lampung City, 26 accessions belong to the genus Musa, namely Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, Musa paradisiaca, and 1 accession belonging the genus Rhodhoclamys. The diversity of banana species in Bandar Lampung City is moderate. Variation of the genome obtained include AA (5 accessions), AAA (4 accessions), AAB (5 accessions), ABB (3 accessions), ABBB (1 accession), BBB (3 accessions), and 5 other accessions that cannot be determined. Chromosome number of the banana accessions found in Bandar Lampung is 22 (diploid), 33 (triploid) and 44 (tetraploid)


Architect Neri Oxman, Associate Professor and Head of the Mediated Matter Group at the MIT Media Lab, introduces how new advances in additive manufacturing coupled with emerging capabilities in materials science and synthetic biology are today empowering designers to combine top-down design procedures with bottom-up digital or physical growth across spatial and temporal scales.


It researches on the implementation of active filtering and reactive compensation with grid-connected inverter in distributed generation system,and proposes a solution based on load current detection.The detected three phase load currents are transformed to the synchronous coordinate frame through abc/dq transformation,the harmonic and reactive components are extracted by a high-pass or low-pass filter from the d-axis and q-axis components.Then the output current references of the inverter are obtained by synthesizing the extracted currents with the fundamental active current.Output current control is realized by PI+RP compound control algorithm,which ensures the accurate and quick following to the reference.Simulation results show that the inverter could compensate reactive and harmonic currents and transfer the active power at the mean time,which is helpful to power quality improvement.


The sinicization of Marxism is an important question in the process of spreading and developing of Marxism. The rule of the culture spreading, the nature of Marxism and the needs of the Chinese society determined the sinicization of Marxism. The process of the sinicization of Marxism includes three elementary phases: the initial spreading of Marxism, the founding of the Chinese Communist Party and the further spreading of Marxism, the form of Mao Zedong Thought. Deng Xiaoping Theory is a further extension of the sinicization of Marxism in contemporary China. The experiences and lessons in the sinicization of Marxism is important to us in upholding our insisting and developing Marxism and adhering to Deng Xiaoping Theory today.\;


The concept of item homogeneity, implying that items have equal difficulties and equal intercorrela tions, is defined by multivariate axial symmetry. A nonparametric test for J-item homogeneity is pro posed and illustrated by a numerical example.


Reliable model for three and four particle decays is still open problem in subnuclear physics. In several laboratories, such as JINR Dubna (Russia), KEK (Japan), COSY (Germany), INFN Frascati (Italy, Collaboration FINUDA), T.Jefferson National Laboratory, USA, experiments for study Λ hypernuclei are underway or upcoming. This contribution is devoted to kinematic analysis of weak decay of Λ hypernuclei produced on nuclei beams in Nuclotron experiments in Joint Institute for Nuclear research.


volvement in radical social change. Or, more generally, "... in a strategic sense, a radical analysis and strategy place the caseworker not only in the role of therapist but also in the role of political ally." The book has its weaknesses. Many radical critiques have been justly criticized for providing extensive arguments for what is wrong while offering relatively little in the way of well developed alternatives. While The Politics of Social Services can not sidestep this judgment, Galper does make it quite clear that he is trying to stimulate consideration of these questions, not issue any final or complete statement on them. Radical posturing and intellectual pointscoring have been held in check, but scarcely eliminated. A little more leavening in the form of an exploration of the possible limitations of the author's socialist orientation would have been particularly helpful. However, these faults are minor compared with the major contribution this book makes to the debate over the political significance of the social services and the prospects for building alternative organizations, programs, and policies. In the final analysis, we are challenged to examine the quality of our daily lives in light of our personal biographies, the history of our times, and the social structures in which we are enmeshed. Galper poses a choice: either we can continue to operate as professional technicians, or we can select the much more difficult path toward a new and different social (and social service) order.


Objective: To observe the degree of penetration of the obturator cement in the isthmus region of mesial roots of lower molars after ultrasound use. Materials and Methods: 30 extracted human lower molars were used. The teeth were instrumented and randomly divided into three groups which used different smear layer removal techniques. The results were submitted to statistical analysis by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: It was observed that the use of ultrasound with specific insert for isthmus cleaning did not influence the degree of penetration of endodontic cementum in the cervical and middle thirds of the root canals. Conclusion: The use of ultrasound in the final toillet of root canals influenced root canal cleansing when compared to manual technique. Keywords: Endodontics; Ultrasonics; Root Canal Obturation.


Multi-target tracking in occlusion scene is a challenging task. This paper proposes a multi-target tracking method based on adaptive fragment to complete it. The method adaptively divides each target into a few of fragments on the basis of its multi-channel gray projection. The similarity between each fragment and its model is calculated by weighted Bhattacharyya coefficient. Fuzzy C-means method is used to cluster the particle sets of each target, and the optimal state estimation of the target is obtained from these sets. By updating fragment weight of target model, the method can dynamically deal with occlusion problem. Experiments show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy and robustness of multi-target tracking in occlusion scene.


A novel measurement technique is developed for the nondestructive characterization of the minority carrier lifetime in SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) substrates, based on the dual-beam optical modulation (DBOM) technique. This method is based on the change of the transmission intensity of infrared light through a SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafer due to absorption by free carriers in silicon. The excess carriers are generated by a pump beam while the change in the transmission intensity of the infrared probe beam is monitored.<<ETX>>


During the recent European debt crisis, sovereign spreads rose substantially and economic activity collapsed. In this paper, we develop an integrated framework of government debt crises and aggregate fluctuations in an environment of firms default risk. Firms face interest rates that depend on their default risk and also on government default risk. We consider two sources of aggregate fluctuations; one arising from the public sector that directly affects government spreads and another one arising in the private sector which affects the productivity of all firms. Public shocks affect firms differentially based on their credit needs. Aggregate productivity shocks, in contrast, affect all firms equally. We use firm level data and our model to identify the source of the crisis. We find that public shocks account for about 50% of the decline in output for Italy.


This article describes concepts evaluated at NATO Undersea Research Centre (NURC) recent experiment as the part of Autonomous Mine Countermeasures (MCM) Program. We investigated the possibility of reacquisition of the target with the Autonomous Surface Vehicle (ASV), the possibility of controlling the position of the ASV relative to the target location, and tested the concept of guiding a neutralization weapon to the target based on the contact location obtained from the hunting mission performed by an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). Second part of the article focuses on implementation in the open-source MOOS-IvP software framework. This framework allows for flexibility in control and mission planning. Guidance is covered by the MOOS-IvP implementation of the controller while the COTS autopilot handles low-level control. The control performance is verified in simulation and confirms arbitrarily small tracking error as well as tested in real, at-sea environment which included external disturbances, such as currents and waves. This experiment has shown that the collaborative use of autonomous systems has the potential to transform MCM capability, from a Cold War legacy focused on post-operations clearance with surface ships, to a quickly deployable system, autonomous system.


Abstract Measurements of the internal friction of aluminium alloys containing hydrogen have been made from 77 to 300 K at 35 kHz using a composite resonator technique. Perfection of a metallic bonding technique for the transducer-specimen composite produced background dampings which were typically of the order Q −1 ≃ 10−6. Criteria which relied on measurements at harmonic frequencies were used to distinguish internal friction in the specimen from spurious damping caused by the suspension or the joint. The results were used to place limits on the possible values of binding energies of 0·05 eV between hydrogen and copper solutes and of 0·06 eV between hydrogen and magnesium solutes using a simple model of the interstitial-hydrogen distribution in the alloy.


Background Achieving Remission and LDAS are desirable states in lupus patients as they are associated with better long-term outcomes including less damage accrual, lower flare rates and lower disease activity. However, whether achieving Remission and LDAS also account for a better quality of life (QoL) has not been examined. We hypothesized that this will be the case. The aim was to determine whether the proportion of time patients achieve either Remission or LDAS is associated with a better QoL. Methods SLE patients from a well-established multiethnic, multicenter US cohort were included. Remission and LDAS were defined as follows: Remission, SLAM score=0 and prednisone 5 mg/day and no immunosuppressants); LDAS not in remission, SLAM score 3, prednisone 7.5 mg/day, no immunosuppressants; the proportion of time patients were in these two states (combined) was the independent variable. The end-points were the physical and mental summary measures (PCS and MCS, respectively) and the individual subscales (Physical functioning: FP, Role Physical: RP, Bodily Pain: BP, General Health: GH, Vitality: VT, Social Functioning: SF, Role Emotional: RE and Mental Health: MH) of the Short Form (SF)−36 at the last available visit. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between the proportion of follow-up time in remission and LDAS and the SF-36 measures with and without adjustment for the following baseline variables: age, gender, racial/ethnic group, education, poverty, social support, abnormal illness behaviors, fibromyalgia, disease activity, damage and the baseline scores of the corresponding SF-36 summary measures and subscales. Results Five-hundred and forty-two patients with complete data for the dependent, independent and confounding variables were included. These patients were predominantly women, and either of Caucasian, African American or Hispanic ancestry. Overall, the mean scores for the summary measures of the SF-36 were low (38.9 for the PCS and 43.4 for the MCS); for the individual subscales the scores varied between 40.4 for VT and 65.4 for MH. In the adjusted MV analysis, the percent of time on either Remission and LDAS was associated with better QoL after adjusting for potential confounders (table 1).Abstract 57 Table 1 Multivariable regression analysis of time in Remission and LDAS and Quality of Life as measured by the Summary Measures and subscales of the SF-36 SF-36* Number of patients Estimate Standard error t value p value MCS 456 5.89 1.96 3.01 0.0027 PCS 456 9.47 1.86 5.10 <0.0001 FP 472 18.14 4.85 3.74 0.0002 RP 466 31.79 6.28 5.06 <0.0001 BP 469 19.97 4.91 4.07 <0.0001 GH 469 23.15 3.95 5.86 <0.0001 VT 472 13.39 4.03 3.32 0.0010 SF 468 19.03 4.78 3.98 <0.0001 RE 463 26.28 6.37 4.13 <0.0001 MH 472 7.51 3.81 1.97 0.0495 *Short Form-36. Mental Component Summary measure; Physical Component Summary measure; Physical functioning; Role Physical; Bodily Pain; General Health; Vitality; Social Functioning; Role Emotional; Mental Health Index. Conclusions The percent of time lupus patients stay on Remission or LDAS is associated with a better QoL as measured by summary measures and subscales of the SF-36. Funding Source(s): None


Using high-resolution non radiative SPH simulations we study the scaling laws of galaxy clusters. In particular, we analyze the relations existing between total mass, gas temperature, X-ray luminosity and dark matter velocity dispersion. Our aim is to understand how these scaling laws depend on numerical, statistical and physical parameters, in order to model and thus reduce potential systematical uncertainties. The simulations were performed by the GADGET code in a $\Lambda CDM$ cosmology, applying resimulation techniques; their mass resolution ranges between $2 \times 10^9$ and $6.8 \times 10^9 h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ for dark matter particles and between $3 \times 10^8$ and $7 \times 10^8 h^{-1}M_{\odot}$ for gas particles.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html


Abstract Bis(benzo[e]-1,2-oxaphosphinin-2-oxid-4(7)-yl)butane (-benzene) derivatives were synthesized for the first time both on the basis of reactions of diacetylene with P,P, P-trihalobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphopholes and on the basis of reactions of bis(P,P,P-trihalobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphosphol-5-yl)bytane (-benzene) with phenylacetylene. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


It was the accepted practice to issue rulings in cases argued by Tannaim in the Mishnah and elsewhere on a case-by-case basis. Beginning in the time of Rabbi Yoḥanan, the manner in which rulings were given changed fundamentally, to jurisprudential rules. The new style of rulings brought with it a need to establish additional rules to supplement the basic principles produced by Rabbi Yoḥanan and his school. A highly surprising phenomenon that emerged from the demand for jurisprudential rules was the transformation of dicta specifying the law in specific cases into rules to be followed on a general basis. In this essay, I seek to characterize these specific jurisprudential dicta and to identify a number of legal principles that initially were nothing more than specific rulings, yet were then altered in significance and scope as a result of their inclusion in introductory works and compendia of jurisprudential rules.


Benthic storms are important for both the energy budget of the ocean and for sediment resuspension and transport.Using30 yearsof outputfroma high-resolution modelof the NorthAtlantic,it is foundthatmostof the benthic storms in the model occur near the western boundary in association with the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Current, in regions that are generally collocated with the peak near-bottom eddy kinetic energy. A common feature is meander troughs in the near-surface jets that are accompanied by deep low pressure anomalies spinning up deep cyclones with near-bottom velocities of up to more than 0.5ms 2 1 . A case study of one of these events shows the importance of both baroclinic and barotropic instability of the jet, withenergybeingextractedfromthejetintheupstreampartofthemeandertroughandpartlyreturnedtothejetinthedownstreampartofthemeandertrough.Thismotivatesexaminingthe30-yrtimemeanofthe energy transfer from the (annual mean) background flow into the eddy kinetic energy. This quantity is shown to be collocated well with the region in which benthic storms and large increases in deep cyclonic relative vorticity occur most frequently, suggesting an important role for mixed barotropic–baroclinic instability- driven cyclogenesis in generating benthic storms throughout the model simulation. Regions of the largest energy transfer and most frequent benthic storms are found to be the Gulf Stream west of the New England Seamounts and the North Atlantic Current near Flemish Cap.


Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with mounting evidence associating it with systemic disorders. Cancer, induced or facilitated by chronic inflammatory microenvironment, shares common pathogenic mechanisms with rosacea. Objectives: We performed a population-based cohort study to investigate the risk of developing cancer among people with rosacea in Taiwan. Methods: A total of 65,526 patients with rosacea and 262,104 age-, sex-, and comorbidity-matched controls were identified from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database between 1997 and 2013. All participants were followed up for 2–12 years. Incidence rates (IRs) of overall and specific types of cancer were calculated. Cumulative incidences of cancer were compared between the two cohorts by Kaplan–Meier method and modified log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for age, sex, and comorbidities for overall and specific malignancies were estimated using subdistribution proportional hazard models. Results: The IR (per 1000 person-years) of cancer was 2.83 in patients with rosacea and 3.00 in controls. There was no difference in cumulative incidence of cancer between patients with or without rosacea (P = 0.109). The risk of developing cancer did not increase among patients with rosacea (HR = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 0.98–1.11). In addition, patients with rosacea did not have a significantly increased risk of developing any specific type of cancer. Conclusion: We found no association between rosacea and malignancy. These results did not agree with those reported in previous studies. Further research should be conducted to clarify the association between rosacea and cancer, especially focusing on the pathophysiology.


"Podcast," a noun now firmly entrenched in the vernacular, is a recently minted portmanteau suggested just 10 years ago (1, 2). It is sobering to note that other proposals to name the then-new phenomenon of audio production distributed over the Internet included "Audioblogging" and "GuerillaMedia" (2). As I wrote a draft of this article, I became aware that the predecessor for all of today's mobile media players—the Sony Walkman—just celebrated its 35th anniversary (3). One wonders what Akio Morita, who passed away just 1 year before the advent of the World Wide Web, would think of today's technologies that in many ways are progeny of that once sleek, now bulky, cassette-playing audio device.

As might have been anticipated, podcasts were first embraced by traditional broadcast media, but that was quickly followed by …


It is generally a few hundred to several thousand kilometers of long distance oil pipeline,and modern oil pipeline often adopt the close-line oil transportation, so the whole pipeline is a unified set of hydraulic system. Once the disturbance occurs in somewhere along the line, which will sweep the whole line, and propagation velocity is much faster than manual response capability making a high demand to the professional and technical skills of pipeline operation and management staff. Besides some dangerous operating conditions in practical production hardly occurs, so the construction and use of off-line simulation is of great significance to enhance the learner's knowledge of the pipeline operation, image and experience. With the background of Daqing-Tieling crude oil pipeline, this paper introduced the composition and design principles of computer off-line simulation system in the laboratory, also the specific methods of this technology simulating on-site pumping station, dispatch center, pipeline operation in different conditions and their corresponding parameter changes was described. The simulation realization of long distance pipeline operating conditions can significantly shorten the process of understanding and awareness of pipeline systems, with the image manipulation interface similar to the field in the simulation results, it is useful for knowing the control operation technology of pipeline, analyzing the dynamic change maps of pipeline running results and pipeline transient progress under different operating instructions.


An investigation into placental pathology in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been examined extensively; however, this knowledge would be beneficial in understanding the potential for vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, via the placenta. Currently, results are conflicting, with some evidence suggesting rare placental infection. Conversely, compared to controls, one study determined that third trimester placentas were significantly more likely to show one feature of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), and intervillous thrombi, fetal vascular malperfusion or fetal vascular thrombosis, and increased perivillous fibrin deposition and intervillositis. In contrast, another study reported no significant differences in individual or group gross or microscopic pathological features. As well, no ACE2 expression has yet been detected in villous stroma, Hofbauer cells, or endothelial cells, and TMPRSS2 expression is only weakly present in villous endothelium. In light of the inconclusive evidence, the burden of placental pathologies potentially related to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women and their neonates or infants, remains at the forefront of medical attention, particularly among pathologists, and obstetricians worldwide. This protocol describes the steps of our systematic review, which aims to investigate differences in placental pathologies in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 versus pregnant women without the virus. Our study will identify case series, case-control and cohort studies of asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women, who test positive for SARS-CoV-2 during any stage of their pregnancy, as validated by laboratory confirmed positive antibody testing or using real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Studies examining pregnant women who test positive during the first, second or third trimester, are eligible. Only articles written in English or French will be included. Literature reviews, systematic reviews, editorials, letters to the editor, conference abstracts, and commentaries will be excluded. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE including Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (1946- November 17, 2020) and Embase (1980- November 17, 2020). Two specialized COVID-19 resources will also be searched November 18, 2020; Cochrane Covid-19 study register which indexes according to study design, and the WHO Covid-19 Collection which includes material from numerous sources including preprint servers. Primary outcomes of interest are: retroplacental hematoma, diffuse parenchymal consolidation, maternal vascular malperfusion, fetal vascular malperfusion, and other diseases of the placenta as detailed in this protocol. Observational studies will be assessed using the Ottawa-Newcastle scale. Data will be aggregated or synthesized at the level of individual participants. Tables will be used to summarize the general characteristics of the studies included. Depending on the data and the level of variation between studies, a meta-analysis will be used to synthesize data. Count and dichotomous data will be expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, while continuous data will be expressed as a mean or standardized mean difference with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical heterogeneity of the included studies will be assessed using the I-squared test with 95% confidence intervals, and publication bias will be determined using a funnel plot and Egger's test when possible (>10 included studies). This review will ultimately aid in informing pathologists, obstetricians, and gynecologists when managing and treating pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2. If no evidence of vertical transmission or changes to placenta can be elucidated, then this work can inform future research investigating alternate routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.


PURPOSE: A showerhead assembly and a substrate processing apparatus including the same are provided to multiply plasma density by extending and forming an insulator ring to the process space of a chamber. CONSTITUTION: A shower head(140) sprays process gas within a chamber. A shower head supporting part(145) supports the shower head. An insulator ring(130) insulates the shower head and the shower head supporting part. The insulator ring comprises a top ring(131) and a bottom ring(132). The top ring comprises an annulus body which is formed according to outer circumferential face of the shower head and a shield part which is extended to the lower side according to the annulus body. The bottom ring comprises the annulus body in which the top ring is inserted.


The paper is aiming at promoting rapid propagation technologies of the uneasy root-striking poplar varieties of the section Leuch. The grafting and cutting technologies have been applied for experiment in the paper with material of Populus bolleana, Populus tomentosa. The survival rates reached more than 80%. It has opened an effective propagating way for the uneasy root-striking poplar varieties of the section Leuche.


Abstract The oldest rocks in the Western Highlands of New Guinea are granite and metamorphic rocks, and these are unconformably overlain by an incomplete marine succession of Permian, Upper Jurassic, Cretaceous, Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene sediments with a maximum thickness of 34,000 ft. The sedimentary succession in the east of the region is much thicker than in the west. Jurassic seas transgressed from the east. Studies of the faunas and petrology of the sediments show that the western part of the region was out of range of the sources of Cretaceous vulcanism and slow pelagic sedimentation continued into the Lower Miocene. By the Middle Miocene a volcanic island arc had developed in the vicinity of the Lai Syncline and the sediments are of shallow-water type, rich in volcanic debris. Both sediments and basement were folded into a number of anticlines and synclines at the end of the Pliocene. Vigorous erosion was followed by extensive Pleistocene vulcanism in the west. Pleistocene glaciation occurred i...


Eggs of representative genera of all families of Ephemeroptera except the Palingeniidae were studied. Their external morphology is reviewed, and hypotheses have been proposed to explain the evolution of several chorionic features and types of attachment structure.

The archetypical Ephemeroptera egg is considered to have been round, with a smooth chorion, non-fibrous adhesive layer, funnelform micropyle, and a suprachorionic sperm guide. Subsequent evolution resulted in several different micropyles and many different chorionic sculpturings and attachment structures.

Data obtained from studying the egg stage are utilized as aids to understanding the phytogeny of the Ephemeroptera. The proposed classification divides the order into 21 families arranged into 6 superfamilies.


Forecasting of tax revenues is an integral part of the budget process, the implementation of which is taking the necessary political, financial and socio-economic solutions. Under the conditions of existence of financial instability in the economy, improved forecasting tool designed to solve the problems of prediction and prevention of the negative effects of economic shocks, ensure the financial sustainability of the budget system of the Russian Federation.


Abstract Current management strategies for the control and suppression of the American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus = Rana catesbeiana Shaw) and other invasive amphibians have had minimal effect on their abundance and distribution. This study evaluates the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on pre- and prometamorphic Bullfrog larvae. Bullfrogs are a model organism for evaluating potential suppression agents because they are a successful invader worldwide. From experimental trials we estimated that the 24-h 50% and 99% lethal concentration (LC50 and LC99) values for Bullfrog larvae were 371 and 549 mg CO2/L, respectively. Overall, larvae that succumbed to experimental conditions had a lower body condition index than those that survived. We also documented sublethal changes in blood chemistry during prolonged exposure to elevated CO2. Specifically, blood pH decreased by more than 0.5 pH units after 9 h of exposure and both blood partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) and blood glucose increased. These findings suggest that CO2 treatments can be lethal to Bullfrog larvae under controlled laboratory conditions. We believe this work represents the necessary foundation for further consideration of CO2 as a potential suppression agent for one of the most harmful invaders to freshwater ecosystems.


Journalists and media researchers globally are increasingly expressing concern about trends in the news media industry which would appear to suggest a dire future for quality journalism, and thus democracy, in many developed democratic nations. The US State of the News Media report, now produced annually, regularly reports concerns by journalists and editors - and those who study them - about decreasing investment by news corporations in quality journalism (Pew Centre, 2005; 2006; 2007; 2008). The Australian Press Council has presented its own study to mirror that of the Pew Centre in an effort to report on the Australian context (APC, 2006; 2007). The author has, with colleagues from Griffith University, conducted research into the Australian community broadcasting sector for the past nine years. The research conducted since 1999 has been broad but this article will focus on one element of the research - the news and information services of community broadcasting. The community broadcasting sector is worthy of close investigation, because it is one of the few areas of the Australian media landscape that continues to grow. Importantly, quantitative research into the community sector indicates that 57 percent of the Australian population tune in at least monthly to a community radio station - and more than one in four listen at least weekly (McNair Ingenuity, 2008, p. 4). This article investigates the nature of community news offered by the Australian community radio sector through the perspectives of journalists and producers who deliver the news, and the audiences who access it.


This qualitative study examined a sample of former chief student affairs officers (n=12) who successfully attained a presidency at a four-year institution of higher education. Data was collected primarily through semi-structured interviews and supplemented by the curricula vitae of the participants. Through data analysis, three themes emerged: (1) institutional type and fit, (2) academic profile, and (3) fundraising. Findings from this study indicated the majority of participants were employed at small to medium-size institutions of higher education with preference given to small, private colleges and universities. Faculty skepticism was the most noted obstacle participants encountered. Accordingly, participants advised presidential aspirants to actively maintain an academic profile and credibility with the faculty. Last, fundraising experience was considered a necessary skill that presidential aspirants should have to become serious contenders for a presidential position. The college or university presidency is a position that requires one to be a visionary leader with exceptional communication abilities (Arman, 1986; Beardsley, 2015; Gardner, 2015; Ross & Green, 2000). The president must demonstrate success as a consensus builder in order to enhance the national impact of various programs at the institution she or he leads while making tough decisions regarding resource allocation (Beardsley, 2017; Gardner, 2015; Rottweiler, 2005). Additionally, the president must be able to inspire faculty and staff and articulate the uniqueness of the institution to various leaders locally, statewide, regionally, and nationally (Beardsley, 2017; Davies, 2005; Fleming, 2007). Considering the significant responsibilities assigned to presidents of institutions of higher education, it is necessary to understand who they are, from where they have come, and how they have prepared themselves for the pivotal role they represent within their institutions, communities, and society. Though gaining slow traction, little research has been conducted on presidents from nontraditional backgrounds, especially those with experience as chief student affairs officers (Atwell & Wilson, 2003; Birnbaum & Umbach, 2001; Covert, 2004; Delabbio, 2006; Gardner, 2015; Keim, 1994; Noyes, 1994; Risacher, 2004; Ross & Green, 2000). In 2017, the American Council on Education (ACE) provided data indicating that the number of college and university presidents coming to the office from chief administrative positions other than academic vice presidencies slowly, but steadily, increased. However, insufficient data has been gathered to capture exactly how these individuals rose to the presidency and what those aspiring to become presidents could learn from nontraditional careers. Thus, this study was conducted in an effort to contribute to the literature on pathways to the presidency of former chief student affairs officers (CSAOs). 1 Martin: Chief Student Affairs Officers: Transforming Pathways to the Pres Published by ScholarWorks@UARK, 2018


This paper demonstrates stabilization of traffic flow and potentially increased highway capacity resulting from a novel, intelligent, in-vehicle speed adaptation algorithm based on medium-range inter-vehicle communication (IVC). The implemented algorithm stabilizes traffic flow on highways by using this data to essentially remove oscillation energy from unstable traffic oscillation modes and thus damp incipient stop-and-go waves. In a refinement, extended floating car data will be used to detect and monitor positions of sharp speed gradients, jam entrances and end positions. The results provide further support for the use of IVC to make traffic flow intelligent and find sustainable solutions to congestion and traffic safety. For the covering abstract see E134653.


Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora is a bacterial disease which affects many plant species, mainly belonging to the family Rosaceous. The following work aims to study some biological controls through the use of antagonistic bacteria and yeast, isolated from different biotopes against this bacterial disease isolated from different biotopes. The in vitro study of the effect of antagonists against E. amylovora (CFBP1430) was used 114 isolates in antibacterial activity against the pathogen in vitro. Nine bacterial strains (2328B-5, 2328B-3, 2025-1, Ach1-1, 2074-1, 2321-5, Ach2-1, 2066-7 and 2025-11) gave their satisfactory inhibition area (greater than or equal to 20mm) and the best percentage of inhibition of the growth of E. amylovora in vitro 31 to 41%, It should also be noted that these strains are generally bacteriolytic strains.


As a thin film in the application of IC, and The disclosed thin film is suitable for other similar applications. In particular, the present invention relates to a thin film comprising a composition obtainable by hydrolysis of 2 or more silicon compounds than it, it produces at least partially cross-linked siloxane structure. The present invention also provides, by preparing a siloxane compositions by hydrolysis of suitable reactants, by applying a composition which is hydrolyzed on a substrate in the form of a thin layer, and the high silicon content of the film by curing the layer to form, it relates to a method for producing such films.


There are some manufacturers of wet noodles that use hazardous substances to extend shelf life. Detection of formalin content in the noodles is still difficult for ordinary people to do. Standard chemical analysis tends to quantitatively analyze the elements or compounds in the sample. Qualitative analysis using Kernel Principal component analysis (K-PCA) can be done by detecting the aroma of wet noodles using electronic nose. Pure wet noodles and wet noodle mixed with 1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% formalin solutions used as samples. With each sample was weighed with a mass of 20 grams and placed in a closed sample room. Using e-nose system with 5 gas sensors (TGS 2610, TGS 2620, TGS 2611, TGS 2602, and TGS 2600) and K-PCA with linear, polynomial, RBF and sigmoid methods, the samples were clustered. The results proved that pure wet noodles and wet noodles mixed by formalin can be clustered using the K-PCA method with a total variance of 98.83%. So that this e-nose can be used as an alternative instrument to detect the purity of wet noodles from the influence of harmful substances such as formalin.


Bringing Into Light, or Increasing Darkness With Darkness : Jacob Wilde's Rewriting of Samuel Pufendorf's Account of Swedish Ancient History


An imaging spectrometer using a sapphire prism as dispersing element has been conceived at Tore Supra for the spectral range of 1–4 μm. It measures simultaneously at various wavelengths the temperature on distributed high heat-flux elements under plasma impact with 36 optical fibers, four of which are ZrF4 fibers. It employs an InSb focal plane array detector (256*320 pixels) behind a silicon filter and a ZnS window yielding a dynamic range of 200–1500 °C with 20 ms temporal resolution. The fiber transmission and the spatial variation of gain and background of the camera are calibrated using a light source with integrating sphere. With a blackbody source one determines the nonlinearity of the average gain and controls its stability during operation. The spectral dispersion of about 24 nm/pixel is determined with interference filters and controlled with a spectral lamp. The measurements at various wavelengths allow to determine the temperature distribution in the field of view.


The article discusses the problem of detecting and filtering shellcode – malicious executable code that contributes to the emergence of vulnerabilities in the operation of software applications with memory. The main such vulnerabilities are stack overflow, database overflow, and some other operating system service procedures. Currently, there are several dozen shellcode detection systems using both static and dynamic program analysis. Monitoring of existing systems has shown that methods with low computational complexity are characterized by a large percentage of false positives. Moreover, methods with a low percentage of false alarms are characterized by increased computational complexity. However, none of the currently existing solutions is able to detect all existing classes of shellcodes. This makes existing shellcode detection systems weakly applicable to real network links. Thus, the article discusses the problem of analyzing shellcode detection systems that provide complete detection of existing classes of shellcodes and are characterized by acceptable computational complexity and a small number of false alarms. This article introduces shellcode classifications and a comprehensive method of detecting them based on code emulation. This approach expands the detection range of shellcode classes that can be detected by concurrently evaluating several heuristics that correspond to low-level CPU operations during execution of various shellcode classes. The presented method allows efficient detection of simple and metamorphic shellcode. This is achieved regardless of the use of self-modifying code or dynamic code generation on which existing emulation-based polymorphic shellcode detectors are based.


The early-nineteenth-century private scrapbook and family album is in direct parallel with the format of the miscellanies of curious and 'useful' information in early Victorian popular periodicals. An unacknowledged pioneer in this transition from private artefact to print culture was William Hone's The Every-Day Book , which not only offered a collage of English life and customs, but invited readers to contribute to it from a private 'scrap-book, or portfolio or … collection.' In effect, Hone was proposing social history written by the people. Many decades before the Internet created the surfer-interactive 'Wikepedia', Hone proposed a 'storehouse' of knowledge created by its readers.


Delayed-Release Drug Delivery Systems has a delayed absorption from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in comparison with Convential Drug Delivery Systems, thereby potentially reducing GI adverse events. The goals of therapy are to suppress the immune response and decrease the host's inflammatory response. Immunosuppressive therapy is often nonselective; protective as well as destructive immune responses are suppressed. Immunosuppresses patients are predisposed to life-threatening infections. In addition, the immunosuppressive drugs frequently cause serious adverse effects. Prevent rejection and kidney graft loss. From the chromatogram of drug in HPLC it was also concluded that the drug had λmax of 254.0 nm, which was exactly similar as reported. FTIR study confirmed the presence of all prominent peaks indicating its authenticity. The physical parameters of drug as well as excipients concluded that these were considerably good to formulate the tablet using wet granulation method. From the overall observations of different evaluative studies, delayed property, water uptake study and in vitro release study tablet of batch F8 was selected as the optimum batch among all batches and further evaluated for the extended parameters. Dissolution data of the tablet of batch F8 was subjected to the treatment with different kinetic equations, which showed that release patterns are best fitted to the first order release equation and involves combination of polymer relaxation and consequently swelling. Keyword: Beck Depression Inventory, Self-Report, Depression Rating


Brazil's image has changed dramatically in recent years. The country was widely praised as one of the most successful social democracies of neoliberal times under Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2010) and in the first half of Dilma Rousseff's (2011–2016) administration. Yet, Brazil was engulfed by a perfect storm in 2013, including street riots, severe economic crisis followed by prolonged stagnation, rapid deindustrialization, spiraling unemployment, fiscal calamity, growing inequalities, rampant corruption, and unprecedented political strife. Years of stability under Lula and Rousseff collapsed into a tortured judicial-parliamentary-media-led coup in 2016, leading to the malodorous administration of Rousseff's vice president, Michel Temer. His unfortunate tenure was followed in 2018 by something far, far worse: the election of Jair Bolsonaro. Bolsonaro's election must be the gods' idea of a joke. The former army captain set up an administration populated by misfits, morons, bandits, army officers, and his own children (overlaps allowed). Every day would bring another scandal; the only difference was the driver—this time, would it be deranged ideology, naked greed, malign intent, or mere idiocy? The President and the top members of his administration were so spectacularly asinine that, comparatively, Donald Trump and his followers offered an example of refinement and self-restraint. Unsurprisingly, in a matter of months the ramshackle right-wing alliance that had elected Bolsonaro began to unravel. In order to understand Brazil's predicament we must first come to terms with the 13 years in which the Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party—PT) occupied the federal executive. Was the PT successful because it abandoned its earlier socialist ideology and confrontational approach to politics to embrace a tropical "Third Way"? Because its exemplary social programs and transfer policies lifted tens of millions from abject poverty into a new citizenship? Because of the party's support for big business and promotion of Brazil's influence across the Global South? Or merely because its tenure luckily coincided with the global commodities boom?


Highly active and noble-metal-free electrocatalysts are inexpensive and can enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) productivity of water decomposition reaction. Consequently, the invention of ...


Young AL, Peters CJ, Pocock PV, Millson CE, Prasad KR. Do smaller adults wait longer for liver transplantation? A comparison of the UK and the USA data.
Clin Transplant 2009 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399‐0012.2009.01037.x
© 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.


Many important bimolecular hydrogen‐transfer processes that take place in the atmosphere proceed via a potential energy minimum (hydrogen‐bonded complex) that precedes along the minimum energy path the unique saddle point of the reaction, the one corresponding to the hydrogen transfer. It is clear that the one‐step low‐pressure rate constant of such a reaction does not depend on the existence of any complex along the minimum energy path below the reactant if the reaction takes place by thermal activation over a transition state that lies quite above the reactants (for instance 10 kcal/mol). However, we have quantitatively shown in this article that the scenario notoriously changes if the reaction involves significant tunneling. In this work, we have theoretically calculated the rate constants and their temperature dependence for the reaction HO+HOH→HOH+OH by means of a canonical variational transition state theory and a canonical unified statistical theory (when necessary). Multidimensional tunneling effects have been included with a semiclassical transmission coefficient. Two kinds of modified potential energy surfaces (PESs), obtained from an original ab initio potential energy surface, previously calculated by us, have been used. The Eckart‐modified PESs serve to model the hydrogen‐abstraction profiles with no complexes along the path, while the Gaussian‐modified PESs model the energy profiles with two complexes along the path symmetrically distributed at each side of the abstraction saddle point. Our results show that the existence of those complexes reduces the thickness of the classically forbidden region for energies below the adiabatic barrier, and then tunneling is promoted and the reaction is accelerated. The effect of the complex formation in several kinetic magnitudes, as the Arrhenius parameters and the kinetic isotope effect has also been analyzed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 1685–1692, 1999


We have prepared two series of first-generation thiophene-bridge dendrimers, with either three (3G1) or four (4G1) arms attached to a phenyl core, to elucidate their structure−property relationships. Optical properties were investigated with a combination of steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. Steady-state spectroscopic data for the 3-arm dendrimers suggests that the exciton is delocalized over the α-conjugated thiophene segment and the phenyl core, but that the meta-linking of the dendrons prevents their electronic communication. In contrast, conjugation through the core to dendrons in the ortho and para positions is permitted in the 4-arm dendrimers, although the data suggest that the conjugation length does not extend over the full length of the α-conjugated sections of two coupled dendrons. This observation is due to steric interactions between neighboring arms, which forces the arms to twist and bend out of the plane of the phenyl core, and is particularly prevalent in disrupting...


I. INTRODUCTION Much of the conservative right's rhetoric in the realm of minority sexualities has focused on children.(1) Drawing on themes of disease and seduction, Christian fundamentalists have portrayed gay men and lesbians as predators who target children, hoping to "seduce them into a life of depravity and disease."(2) As Jeffrey Weeks noted many years ago, it was no accident that Anita Bryant called her anti-homosexual campaign "Save Our Children, Inc."(3) The United States Supreme Court implicitly considered the issue of whether gay men should have contact with children with its recent decision in a case involving the Boy Scouts of America.(4) In the family law arena, adoption and custody of children remain concerns of conservative legal writers, and one conservative law professor has recently argued that "homosexual parenting" is dangerous to children.(5) In composing their anti-gay rhetoric in terms of child protection, conservatives have inaccurately grouped children into a monolithic category, often excluding the real interests of two specific classes of children: children of sexual minority parents and minors who are themselves lesbian, gay, transgendered, or bisexual.(6) First, the conservative right's rhetoric has monolithically constructed the children of sexual minority parents as victims in need of rescue.(7) These children are presumably akin to abused children who will suffer more from contact with their parents than from a deprivation of their parents; any love such children have for their parents is presumptively overwhelmed by the assumed disapproval such children would have of their parents' sexuality.(8) Second, the conservative right's rhetoric has excluded minors who are themselves sexual minorities, even while conservatives fear that children will become sexual minorities by exposure to gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered adults.(9) Regardless of what causes people to become sexual minorities, the conservatives' tactic of hostility towards such people harms children and adolescents who are--or who may become--sexual minorities. At its most basic level, my argument is that we--those of us who are members of a sexual minority--must continue to take responsibility for our children. Part II of this article considers the children to whom we are biologically related, the children we would adopt, and the children with whom we live.(10) Part III of this article addresses the minors who are presently sexual minorities or who may be in the future.(11) In both cases, we must ensure that our children are not damaged by the law. II. THE BEST INTEREST OF OUR CHILDREN Depriving a child of the continued care of his or her sexual minority parent, based on parental sexuality, harms children, despite any court's findings that such a deprivation is in the "best interest of the child." The established standard in custody disputes between parents, the "best interest of the child" test,(12) has devolved into several different approaches regarding parental sexuality.(13) Spanning the continuum, a court may decide that a parent's sexual minority status is a per se disqualification of custody or that parental sexuality is irrelevant.(14) Between these two poles is the nexus approach, which requires the court to find a relationship between parental sexuality and harm to the child.(15) Under the "true" nexus approach, the burden of persuasion is allocated so that there must be proof that parental sexuality will have an adverse impact on the child.(16) Nonetheless, some courts presume adverse impact, demanding that the sexual minority parent prove an absence of harm to the children.(17) In all of these approaches, except for the irrelevance approach, the courts construe the sexual minority parent as a potential cause of harm to the child.(18) In fact, much greater harm is caused by judicial decisions that deprive a child of the care and companionship of his or her parent. …


The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of working capital use in terms of cash turnover ratios and receivable turnover ratios and to determine the efficiency of working capital use in the LPD Dalung Village. The analysis technique used in this study is quantitative and qualitative analysis. Based on the results of the analysis conducted shows the effectiveness of working capital use when viewed from the ratio of cash turnover, which in 2015 was considered less effective, in 2016 was considered quite effective, in 2017 was considered very effective, and in 2018-2019 it was considered quite effective. Meanwhile, if seen from the receivable turnover ratio, where in 2015 was considered very effective, in 2016, 2017, 2018 was considered quite effective, and in 2019 it was considered less effective. The efficiency of using working capital from 2015-2019 when viewed from the working capital turnover ratio, where in 2015 was considered very efficient, in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 it was considered quite efficient. Whereas if seen from the profit ratio, which in 2015 was considered very efficient, in 2016, 2017 and 2018 it was considered quite efficient, and in 2019 it was considered less efficient.


Benjamin Simkin's article on Mozart and Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in this issue provides at least circumstantial evidence that Mozart may have had the hyperactivity, tics, sudden impulses and odd motor behaviours, echolalia, palilalia, love of nonsense words, and driven inner rhythms that so often accompany Tourette's syndrome (p 1563).' Further evidence has been provided by Gunne.2 The case for Mozart's having Tourette's syndrome does not strike me as entirely convincing. But the case for Samuel Johnson having the syndrome, though also circumstantial, is extremely strong and, to my mind, entirely convincing. Johnson was observed to have innumerable strange rituals and compulsions, tics, gesticulations, and a great range of involuntary ejaculations and mimicries. One cannot avoid thinking that his enormous spontaneity, antics, and lightning quick wit had an organic connection with his accelerated motor impulsive state.3 If this was just a question of pathologising it would be of limited interest. The real question is whether Mozart and Johnson were singular characters, and creators, despite having Tourette's syndrome, or whether their Tourette's played a significant part in, lent a particular flavour to, their character and creativity. And what, in general, is the relation of Tourette's to personality and creativity? The matter is complicated because there are different forms of the syndrome. At one extreme is the stereotypic form with its simple motor tics, iterations, perseverations, and brief, explosive vocalisations. At the other extreme is an elaborate, innovatory, phantasmagoric form which is especially remarkable for its mimicry, antics, playfulness, extravagance, impudence, audacity, inventions, dramatisations, unexpected and sometimes surreal associations, intense and uninhibited affects, speed, "go," vivid imagery and memory, hunger for stimuli and incontinent reactivity, and constant reaching into inner and outer worlds for new material to Tourettise, to permute and transform. Stereotypic Tourette's syndrome is usually regarded as a distress, perhaps a disability, an irrelevance, and annoyance, or, in the words of one patient, "completely useless." If one is creative one may be so despite such Tourette's, as with a Tourettic surgeon I have recently described.4 (I now know eight surgeons with Tourette's, as well as an internist, two neurologists, an obstetrician, and a psychiatrist.) But phantasmagoric Tourette's syndrome is another matter entirely, and while it can also cause much distress and disability it can hardly fail to touch, to interact with, a person's character and creativity and even to lend that person some of its own striking "character." This was clear with my patient "Witty Ticcy Ray," who believed that there was a close analogy between his wit and his tics and spoke of his "ticcy witticisms" and his "witty ticcicisms," feeling both as expressions ofthe sudden, unexpected swerves and twists, the irruptions and interruptions, in his mental and motor stream.5 Similarly, when playing ping pong he would make "sudden, nervous, frivolous shots"-shots which, without being illegal, were so fast, so unpredictable, as to be unanswerable. (Similar, stunning "motor genius" may be seen in some patients after encephalitis.6) And with music, too: he was a weekend drummer of real virtuosity, well known for his sudden and wild improvisations. These too, while arising from a tic or a compulsive hitting of a drum, would be elaborated into entire Tourettic performances.5 In a recent autobiographical sketch by another jazz musician, David Aldridge writes of this inseparability of Tourette's and creativity: "Rhythm and Tourette Syndrome have been intertwined from the first day I found that drumming on a table could mask my jerky hand, leg and neck movements . . . could harness my unbounding [Tourettic] energy, directing it into an orderly flow."7 Aldridge goes on to describe how, with jazz, the "rollercoaster ride" of Tourette's syndrome could be transformed because he was riding it, commanding it, not it him. A similar conjunction of the syndrome and creativity is responsible for the "tic dancing" so popular at the Tourette Syndrome Association's socials. Artists and writers may use their Tourette's. For one gifted Tourettic artist of my acquaintance the half convulsive excitement of Tourette's continually stimulates his perceptions and imagination, producing a ceaseless stream of extraordinary images. Some of these are trivial, some absurd, but many have a deep creative force and lend his art a range, intensity, exuberance, and surreal or dreamlike quality which one feels, he feels, it might not otherwise have. And I know of one Tourettic writer with two strikingly different modes of writing. In one he is at pains to resist his Tourette's and writes short, sober, rather formal essays and reviews; in the other he lets himself go and, at great speed, writes huge, meandering, fantastical (and often coprolalic) novels, in which he gives his Tourettic fancies full rein. Pavlov speaks of "the blind force of the subcortex": Tourette's syndrome is such a force-blind, impersonal-but one that erupts within the particularity of the individual. Luria, similarly, when speaking of the effects of a physio-


A radiocarbon date of 19 100 ±100 yr BP (SUA 2856) dates the maximum extent ofglacier ice at Lake Beatrice in the upper Dante IJ ,,,,,,I,,>r 1'1 •• ... nrlrrh", Late Wisconsin in western Tasmania. Study ofthe Dante Glacier outwash fan deposits shows that rna'l:'Or'\'vlT(~'r"hr',e'; a lDalaec~soJ and an older outwash formation, and are interstratified with fluvial silts detritus deposited of the River. Examination ofavailable radiocarbon dates obtained from the palaeosol and interstratified silts shows that the paJaeosoJ, Dante outwash and fluvial silt sequence was formed during a short period and around the of the Late Wisconsin stade (18-20 BP). The data suggest that the Dante Glacier extended to its end moraine limits for a short time. Words: ice, outwash, Dante Formation, Tasmania.


The national mathematics curriculum revised in 2007 emphasized students' mathematical communication and the curriculum is currently applied to all grades. In order to promote students' mathematical communication, the teacher needs to understand full implications and apply them to instruction. This study examined how teachers employed mathematical communication in their instruction and how they perceived it. The results showed that teachers had lack of understanding of student-centered instruction and mathematical communication. They also did not use various representation activities and discussion-based activities as expected. The number of students per classroom was reported by teachers as a main barrier to promote mathematical communication, but it did not make substantial differences in practice. Building on the results, this paper included implications for improving teachers' conception of mathematical communication.


Assistive wearable exoskeleton can help to restore respective muscle functions of people with disabilities and provide support to workers within strenuous activities. The design of a practical exoskeleton should be user-friendly, compact, lightweight without any obtrusive effect on the user, which justifies the execution of optimisation steps for the design of the links and configuration of the system. Most exoskeletons struggle to accommodate a slight variation in functionality from their original design. This work addresses the design and development of a light-weight semi-active elbow exoskeleton. The main objectives consist of the development of a semi-active actuation mechanism with an adaptive exoskeleton frame and harness to accommodate varying user anthropometrics. The effectiveness of the proposed exoskeleton design has been evaluated through simulation. Furthermore, the system has been implemented in order to determine the physical feasibility and practicality through rapid fabrication prototyping. The outcomes of the study show that the exoskeleton can adjust to varying anthropometrics and assist elbow flexion, reducing stress and fatigue on the human elbow joint and muscles induced by gravity during flexion.


Intangible capital can be used to create new goods and services (product intangibles) or to improve the efficiency of the firm (process intangibles). We report and study a new empirical fact: Executive and skilled labor pay is increasing in firm process intensity (the fraction of intangibles corresponding to process intangibles). We rationalize this fact in a dynamic principal-agent model, with the optimal contract uncovering process intensity's direct and indirect effect on compensation. The direct effect is a level effect: Higher process intensity increases the returns to shirking. The indirect effect is a slope effect: Higher complementarity between process intangibles and physical capital investment increases the agent's hold-up power over the firm for any level of process intensity. We verify these effects in the data. Importantly, we show that these effects are present in executive compensation and in the wages of highly skilled innovative employees, which we can measure using proprietary granular vacancy posting data from a labor-market data firm. In our baseline specification, a one standard deviation increase in process intensity is associated with an 8% increase in executive pay and a 3% increase in skilled labor wages relative to industry peers.


The unsteady flow fields behind two different automobile outside side rear view mirrors were examined experimentally in order to obtain a comprehensive data base for the validation of the ongoing computational investigation effort to predict the aero-acoustic noise due to the outside rear view mirrors. This study is part of a larger scheme to predict the aero-acoustic noise due to various external components in vehicles. To aid with the characterization of this complex flow field, mean and unsteady surface pressure measurements were undertaken in the wake of two mirror models. Velocity measurements with particle image velocimetry were also conducted to develop the mean velocity field of the wake. Two fullscale mirror models with distinctive geometrical features were investigated. Key-Words: PIV measurements, Automobile mirror aerodyanamics, Unsteady flow over outside mirror


Web Service Data Forwarding (WSDF) is a framework for centralized web service workflow, in which the intermediate result from a previous service is treated as a resource of the composite service and can be directly used by its subsequent service, without sending back to the centralized control centre. We carried out a test of the WSDF framework within a web service workflow, in which the service providers are located in the {Science Cloud}, provided by the Nimbus cloud infrastructure. The experiment shows that, in the cloud environment, the WSDF framework has significant performance advantage over normal web service framework for workflows with large data transfer.


Co-ordination enhances other management variables to be effective in the availability of information sources in libraries. This is done through rules/procedures and direct supervision in the library. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of co-ordination on the availability of information sources in university libraries. This study adopted ex-post-facto design and was carried out in 4 Federal University libraries in the South-South Nigeria. Forty-six (46) practicing librarians were selected through purposive sampling. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were analyzed using simple percentages. The hypothesis was tested using Chisquare while contingency correlation co-efficient was used to test the strength of the influence. All the respondents 46(100.00%) attested to the statement that adequate co-ordination of the staff enhances availability of information sources. The calculated value of 9.49 at 0.05 level of significance indicated that coordination has significant influence on the availability of information sources in the university libraries. The study recommends that members of staff in the library should be co-ordinated to do shelving and continuous shelf-reading to ensure proper placement of information resources on the library shelves. Copyright © www.acascipub.com, all rights reserved.


Purpose of review Abnormal appendiceal disease is commonly encountered following an appendectomy when performed in patients with endometriosis. Appendiceal endometriosis is the most notable finding and can affect up to 39% of patients with endometriosis. Despite this knowledge, guidelines for performing an appendectomy have not been formally established. In this article, we review the surgical indications for an appendectomy at the time of endometriosis surgery and discuss the management of other diseases that may be encountered following the histopathologic evaluation of an excised appendix. Recent findings Removal of the appendix in patients with endometriosis contributes to optimal surgical management. Relying on abnormal appendiceal appearance for removal may leave endometriosis-affected appendices. For this reason, utilizing risk factors to guide surgical management is essential. Common appendiceal diseases are sufficiently managed with appendectomy. Uncommon diseases may require further surveillance. Summary Emerging data in our field support the performance of an appendectomy at the time of endometriosis surgery. Guidelines for performing a concurrent appendectomy should be formalized to encourage preoperative counselling and management for patients with risk factors for appendiceal endometriosis. Abnormal diseases is frequently encountered after appendectomy in the setting of endometriosis surgery and further management is based on the histopathology of the specimen.


he object you hold in your hands has three centuries of tradition behind it as a medium of communication in the sciences. Journals and magazines have been the favored place for reporting scientific results ever since the Journal des Savants first appeared in 1665. But printed pe riodicals will not remain the scientist's medium of choice for another three centuries, or even anoth er three decades. Their future beyond the next three years is somewhat cloudy. Already, much of the day-to-day discourse of science flows over computer networks, and dozens of electronically distributed journals have sprung up. Sooner or later, ink on paper will be superfluous. The new schemes of electronic publication have an irresistible appeal. Information is deliv ered in minutes instead of days or weeks. It comes right to your desk, day or night, whether the library is open or not. Computer-based meth ods of searching and indexing make it easier to find what you want. Perhaps most important, electronic documents can include more than just text and static images; they can be enriched with large data sets, sounds, video clips, animations or simulations. In the right computing environment they could become active documents, which in vite the reader to participate as well as to peruse; for example, a reader might select an equation and immediately see it solved or graphed. Electronic publications also have some notable d/sadvantages. People who do their reading in bed or at the beach find it awkward to drag a net work connection along with them. Computer dis plays cannot yet match the resolution of highquality printing, so that typographical niceties are lost. There are subtler losses, too, including even olfactory and tactile aspects of the experience of reading. Furthermore, the promise of active doc uments has so far been forestalled by incompati bilities among computer systems, with the result that many electronic publications stick to the low est common denominator of plain text. My guess is that most of the impediments will soon be overcome by the advance of technology. Computers will be standardized, portable, lighter


Normal forms for propositional modal logics are used to establish the Kripke completeness, the finite model property, and the decidability for modal logics KB and KTB.