At the beginning of the 21st century, a new form of denial of service (DoS) attack emerged which is the Distributed DoS (DDoS). This new form of attack was launched on huge number of prominent websites such as yahoo, e-bay, Amazon, and buy.com, resulting in tremendous financial lose s. DDoS attack has continued to increase over the y ears due to the rapid increase in internet users. Moreover, even more ala rming is the fact that developers of DDoS tools hav e assumed unprecedented sophistication in their design method s, thus making their attacks highly destructive and undetectable. As a result of these reason and many others, researchers have f ocused their attention on the study of this new met hod of attack, they are particularly interested in studying its evolution, and with this knowledge they are being able to desi gn anti-DDoS tools in order to prevent networks from falling into the clutches of DDoS attack. In this research work, a DDoS attac k is simulated using MATLAB's SimEvents , with the aim of finding the quantitative measure of its effect on the victim, experiments conducted in this study show that the server is scarcely utilize d in its normal working condi-tions thus having hig h availability and low average utilization since it accepts requests only from legitimate clients. However, as the attacker l aunches an attack on the server, its utilization increases sharply and thus resulting in decrease in availability, this is beca use the server is flooded with illegal requests from the attacker as well as zombi es from within the network domain. Additional study reveals that when a warm-up phase is added to the simulation of the ser ver failure, the utilization suddenly increases due to the fact that the attacker seizes the opportunity of the slow recover y of the server to further overwhelm it and eventua lly push it into saturation. Index Terms —Modelling, simulation, DDoS, DoS, SimEvents, MATLAB


This paper analyzed the excess mortality change in nine districts of Nanjing city, based on mortality data and meteorological data from 2004 to 2010. Taken a typical heat waves process in summer of 2006 as an example, it was discussed of the effect of the heat process on different gender, different age groups , and various disease death toll and excess mortality changes. The excess mortality was associated with the average maximum temperature and average minimum temperature during the heat waves. Excess mortality occurred in the middle of June heat wave when excess mortality was much higher than in other time periods. In late June, early July to early August, the excess mortality is relatively small. The average daily deaths are increasing with increasing age for male and female, and every age death numbers is higher than that with no heat waves during the heat wave period. In addition to the respiratory system diseases, diseases of the genitourinary system, other diseases, residual disease in the heat waves has increased, and diseases of the nervous system and the endocrine system diseases of excess mortality rate reached a staggering 342.93% and 119.63%, accounting for almost half of the total heat excess mortality. The heat waves effect is very obvious. The conclusion is of great significance for prevention of high temperature heat harm.


To evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound (US) estimated fetal weight (EFW) measurement compared with neonatal birth weight when performed by residents versus certified sonographers. The hypothesis tested was that residents and certified sonographers would not differ significantly in EFW or in EFW compared with neonatal birth weight.


This paper draws on the results of a case study within the SoCo project and aims to assess the benefits and constraints in the application of conservation agriculture (CA) methods in Midi‐Pyrénées, France, along with an evaluation of the coherence of the policy framework designed to improve the protection of soil resources.


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The adaptability education is very important to the new college students,because it is the critical period for the new college students from the middle school to college.During this period,we should not only lead them to evaluate themselves correctly,rebuild their self-confidence and establish their new goals,but also guide them to grasp the way to adapt to their studies and life at college,plan their learning time,develop their creative consciousness,build up good personal relations and raise their self-control ability,so that they can successfully spend their good years in the college.


Nineteen patients underwent laparoscopic placement of a peritoneal dialysis catheter with suture fixation into the pelvis. Operating time ranged from 20 to 60 min (median, 33), and the median postoperative stay for patients admitted solely for catheter placement was 1 day. No significant morbidity was associated with this procedure, and all but one catheter functioned well over the long term. Suture fixation of laparoscopically placed peritoneal dialysis catheters is straightforward, and may achieve better catheter function.


formulated his political program in a document entitled "Hrvatska Misao" ("Croatian Thought"). The complexities of Dalmatia, numbering at the time some 400,000 inhabitants, stemmed from the past. Originally the cradle of the Croatian medieval state, it was ruled and contested by Venice, Hungary, Austria, the kings of Bosnia, and the Turks. After the expulsion of the Turks, the downfall of Venice (which ruled it for centuries), a short French interlude, and several peace treaties, the Austrian province in 1878 received its final borders, which also included the former Republic of Dubrovnik and the Bay of Kotor. In spite of denationalization, the rural population remained predominantly Croatian. There were very few Italians and a considerable number of pro-Italian elements (native Croatians and Serbs). After 1867 when Dalmatia remained under the rule of Austria (while Croatia proper enjoyed autonomy under Hungary) the "autonomaSi" kept rejecting any union with Croatia, the political goal of the National Party ("Narodnjaci") led by Pavlinovic, Klaid, Nodilo, Vojnovid, and others. By the end of the 1860s the "Narodnjaci" were victorious. It was a political and cultural victory of the Croatian language and ideas over the Italian. As an elected deputy from Vrgorac in the Dalmatian Diet, a member of the Sabor (Diet) in Zagreb, and even a member of the Reichsrat in Vienna (1873-1880 and 1885-1887), Pavlinovic consistently demanded a reunion of his land with Croatia. But Dalmatia remained an Austrian province until 1918. In 1887 Pavlinovic died of tuberculosis in Podgora. Unlike some authors from the Serbian republic who in recent years have denounced Pavlinovic as a "clerical chauvinist," Stan&c gives him the due credit for his role. But this task perhaps called for a book less extensive and less detailed. The number of footnotes is almost overwhelming, possibly because some of their text properly belongs in the main narrative. There is no end of annotations and comments in small print. The excellent introductory essay on sources and literature should be at the end of the book. Very helpful is the first lengthy chapter on the historical development of Dalmatia. On the whole the treatment of the subject is balanced, objective (including a discussion of the role of the Franciscans), and extremely well documented. Yet StanCic covers Pavlinovic's life only up to 1869. Is he going to discuss the rest of it in another book?


Less than half of human zygotes survive to live birth, primarily due to aneuploidies of meiotic or mitotic origin. Mitotic errors lead to chromosomal mosaicism, defined by multiple cell lineages with distinct chromosome complements. The incidence and fitness consequences of chromosomal mosaicism in human embryos remain controversial, with most previous studies based on bulk DNA assays or comparisons of multiple biopsies of a few embryonic cells. Single-cell genomic data provide an opportunity to quantify mosaicism on an embryo-wide scale. To this end, we extended an approach to infer aneuploidies based on chromosome dosage-associated changes in gene expression by integrating signatures of allelic imbalance. We applied this method to published single-cell RNA sequencing data from 74 disaggregated human embryos, spanning the morula to blastocyst stages. Our analysis revealed widespread mosaic aneuploidies across preimplantation development, with 59 of 74 (80%) embryos harboring at least one aneuploid cell (1% FDR). By clustering copy number calls, we reconstructed histories of chromosome mis-segregation, distinguishing meiotic and early mitotic errors from those occurring after lineage differentiation. We observed no significant enrichment of aneuploid cells in the trophectoderm compared to the inner cell mass, though we do detect such an enrichment in published data from later post-implantation stages. Finally, we observed that aneuploid cells exhibit upregulation of immune response genes, as well as downregulation of genes involved in proliferation, metabolism, and protein processing, consistent with stress responses previously documented in other stages and systems. Together, our work provides a high-resolution view of aneuploidy in preimplantation embryos and supports the conclusion that low-level mosaicism is a common feature of early human development.


Excerpt Pain has been recognized as the cardinal manifestation of acute myocardial infarction ever since Herrick's original description of the clinical syndrome in 1912,1and the belief is generally...


From the perspective of civil responsibility of copyright pirate, the writer of this paper reflects upon the legislation of copyright in China and reconstructs the components of civil responsibilities, aiming to be beneficial to the establishment of copyright legislation.


The family-centric priorities of family firms often disadvantage nonfamily employees and make retaining them problematic. Our study posits organizational identification, or internalizing the firm's identity as one's own, as a key factor in overcoming this challenge. We adopt a social network perspective to examine the differential impact of friendships with family and nonfamily members on nonfamily employees' organizational identification and turnover. Results from a study of the nonfamily employees of a family-owned service company show that centrality in both family and nonfamily friendship networks reduces turnover, but that friendships with family members have a stronger effect. Results also show that various forms of centrality in social networks have indirect effects on turnover through organizational identification, highlighting identification's importance for retaining nonfamily employees.


Arranging month median values of observed data at every site by UTC,the correlation coefficients between ionosphere parameters and the sun activity index F12 are regressed.Then according to the predicted F12,the ionosphere parameters at the observation stations can be predicted.Afterwards,using the Kriging geographical interpolation method,the ionosphere parameters at any place can be predicted in this area near China.Then the complete ionosphere parameters long-term prediction method is formed by all the above steps.


The aim of this study was to conduct an analysis of the performance of stock mutual funds in Indonesia as well as to assess whether there is influence between the performance of mutual funds with AUM change and IU  of mutual funds. Analysis of the performance of mutual funds is done by using Sharpe's Ratio. The performance is then compared to its benchmark which JCI and EFI  . Furthermore, the authors use regression analysis to derive the relationship between the independent and dependent variables as well as the use of risk as a moderator variable.The results showed only 3 stock mutual fund products that is able to beat the performance of JCI and 9 stock mutual fund products are capable of beating EFI as a benchmark. Meanwhile there are significant between the performance (Sharpe 's Ratio), Risk, AUM 1) and IU but not so significant. This shows there are other contributing variables outside the model study that affect the relationship. Assets Under Management; Investment Units;  Composite Stock Price Index;  Equity Index Fund


Alagille syndrome (AGS) (OMIM #118450) is an inherited multiorgan disorder. Renal mesangiolipidosis was first described in this syndrome in 1982 and is characterized by enlarged glomeruli, secondary to an increase in the mesangial matrix and the presence of cells containing lipid droplets on sections stained with Sudan black [1]. The precise mechanism by which lipids are deposited in the kidneys of AGS patients is unclear. We present a case of mesangiolipidosis associated with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) abnormalities in a child with a known diagnosis of AGS, leading us to consider the role of this lipoprotein in the pathogenesis of mesangial lipid deposition.


The invention provides a construction method of an edge top arch and a bottom arch of a concrete pouring tunnel and relates to a construction method of the concrete pouring tunnel. The construction method is invented for mainly solving the problems of the existing concrete pouring tunnel that the construction cost is high and the like. With regard to the tunnel needing to be constructed, the bottom arch is firstly constructed and the pouring of the edge top arch is secondly constructed. The bottom arch is plastered by overturning a die; and the edge top arch adopts an integrally movable type steel pipe scaffold to be configured with a steel template to carry out a process of construction. A construction method of pouring the bottom arch of the tunnel comprises the following steps of: cleaning a rock surface and checking a foundation; measuring and setting out; mounting a steel bar; mounting the template; pre-burying a slurry filling pipe and mounting water-sealing and grounding flat irons; mounting a drain plug template; cleaning a cabin and checking; pouring concrete; and overturning the die and plastering; and maintaining. A construction method of pouring the edge top arch of the tunnel comprises the following steps of: cleaning the foundation, processing a construction seam and flushing; erecting an integrally movable bearing frame, measuring, setting out and mounting a steel arch frame; splicing the template; mounting the steel bar and a pre-buried piece; cleaning the cabin and checking; pouring the concrete; removing the template, the arch frame and the like; and maintaining. The construction method has the advantage of low construction cost.


Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of cerebral glucose metabolism between narcoleptic patients and normal controls. Methods: We enrolled 24 patients with narcolepsy who underwent night polysomnography and multiple sleep latency tests to confirm the narcolepsy. -fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography scan was performed in all narcoleptic patients and 24 normal age-sex matched controls. To compare the cerebral glucose metabolism between the two groups, statistical parametric mapping (SPM99) was used. Results: Patients with narcolepsy showed significant decreases of cerebral glucose metabolism in the bilateral rectal and subcallosal gyri, right superior frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, right inferior parietal lobule, and left supramarginal gyrus of the parietal lobe at the uncorrected P


On June 21, 2021, the Hungarian Ministry of Justice (Deputy State Secretariat for EU Relations) and the Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law (MFI) organised a high-profile international conference entitled 'Dialogue on the Future of Europe: Building a Digital European Union' as part of a series in which two previous conferences were held on June 25 and September 21, 2020. By organising these events, Hungary is among the first Member States to launch a dialogue as part of a series of discussions on the future of Europe. As a proactive actor, Hungary has contributed to the ongoing exchange of views offering a comprehensive assessment of and approach to the digital developments and perspectives of the European Union. The June 21, 2021 conference – composed of three thematic panel discussions – focused on the future of digitalisation and competitiveness in the European Union. Highly accomplished national speakers such as Hungarian Minister of Justice Judit Varga and Hungarian Member of Parliament and President of the Economic Committee Erik Bánki and international speakers such as Commissioner Mariya Gabriel and State Secretary Ana Paula Zacarias gave presentations outlining their visions. This article summarizes those presentations. In addition to public officials and economic actors, academic experts and researchers on digital transition also gave presentations at the conference. The conclusions drawn from their exchanges of views seek to contribute to the creation of sensible decisions leading towards a digital future, while also raising public awareness regarding digitalisation, a realm of growing influence on policymaking.


Pedagogical conditions of effective management of students' individual work during study research tested in the educational process of the course "Computational methods" at physics and mathematics faculty of Kharkiv H. S. Skovoroda National Pedagogical University are determined. Laboratory workshop of the course is structured as a series of study researches performed on the basis of computer modeling in MathCAD subject-oriented environment. Approaches to realization of variable students' individual work management depending on the result of current pedagogical diagnostics are proposed.


Sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs), GM2 activator protein (GM2AP) and saposins (Saps) A–D are small, enzymatically inactive glycoproteins of the lysosome. Despite of their sequence homology, these lipid‐binding and ‐transfer proteins show different specificities and varying modes of action. Water‐soluble SAPs facilitate the degradation of membrane‐bound glycosphingolipids with short oligosaccharide chains by exohydrolases at the membrane–water interface. There is strong evidence that degradation of endocytosed components of the cell membrane takes place at intraendosomal and intralysosomal membranes. The inner membranes of the lysosome differ from the limiting membrane of the organelle in some typical ways: the inner vesicular membranes lack a protecting glycocalix, and they are almost free of cholesterol, but rich in bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP), the anionic marker lipid of lysosomes. In this study, we prepared glycosylated Sap‐B free of other Saps by taking advantage of the Pichia pastoris expression system. We used immobilized liposomes as a model for intralysosomal vesicular membranes to probe their interaction with recombinantly expressed Sap‐B. We monitored this interaction using SPR spectroscopy and an independent method based on the release of radioactively labelled lipids from liposomal membranes. We show that, after initial binding, Sap‐B disturbs the membrane structure and mobilizes the lipids from it. Lipid mobilization is dependent on an acidic pH and the presence of anionic lipids, whereas cholesterol is able to stabilize the liposomes. We also show for the first time that glycosylation of Sap‐B is essential to achieve its full lipid‐extraction activity. Removal of the carbohydrate moiety of Sap‐B reduces its membrane‐destabilizing quality. An unglycosylated Sap‐B variant, Asn215His, which causes a fatal sphingolipid storage disease, lost the ability to extract membrane lipids at acidic pH in the presence of BMP.


The article constructs the indicator system of IUR cooperative technological innovation performance from the angle of input-output. Then it carries on the scientific evaluation to IUR cooperative technological innovation performance of the provinces and municipalities by using the method of DEA, and obtains the ranking of these provinces and cities. At last we carry on the detailed analysis to the appraisal result and get some revelation of the development of IUR cooperative technological innovation.


The flammability and ignition properties of JP-5 from alternate sources were studied. The samples which were investigated included one derived from tar sands, one from shale oil, and five from coal. The tar-sand, shale-oil, and one of the coal samples had flash points which were below that of the 140 F specification requirement. The remaining fuels from coal had flash points which were higher than specification requirements, and also higher than those of the usual run petroleum JP-5. Flammability indices and flammability index-temperature relationships of the alternate fuels were found to differ somewhat from that of the petroleum fuels. Autoignition temperatures of the alternate fuels were similar to that of petroleum-derived fuels. In general, the flammabability properties of the JP-5 from alternate sources were not significantly different from that of JP-5 from petroleum. (Author) (GRA)


The irony of social inventions is that one-time innovations turn to habit. There is perhaps no better illustration of how insight turns to reflex than what has happened to the practice of educational testing in American schools. Currently, American educators, the most determined designers, advocates, and consumers of standardized testing, are confronting the limits of the testing technologies they perfected between 1900 and 1950— at least in instances like the College Board examinations—as a way of providing more equal access to higher education. In the face of demands to teach thinking to all students and to open the curriculum to more than recall and simple rules, the shortcomings of multiple-choice formats as a model or as a singular probe for thought have become stunningly clear. There is growing, if far from universal, impatience with student assessment that addresses chiefly facts and basic skills, leaving thoughtfulness, imagination, and pursuit untapped. There is equal impatience with testing treated as a matter of pure measurement rather than an evolving discussion of what versions of excellence will be encouraged. Researchers and educators, families and students want assessment that offers rigorous and wise diagnostic information rather than the rankings of normal curves. In this climate, the possibilities of performance assessments borrowed from fields as disparate as business and the arts have become increasingly, perhaps even romantically, attractive. This discussion of how we will measure educational progress cannot afford to be sheerly contemplative. In the spring of 1990, the president


Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large datasets. With the exponential growth of available information, new machine learning, statistics and other analytics techniques have to be developed to solve the processing needs required to do such analysis fast enough to be used successfully. In this study, techniques like cluster analysis are used over generated data in order to do customer segmentation, and the system performance is evaluated by measuring the processing time. The data used in the current paper is generated using the Star Schema Benchmark (SSB). Our main goal is to find a scalable solution to run data mining over a decision support benchmark. Four different systems will be tested: single node MySQL, MySQL cluster, Apache Mahout and R. By running MySQL cluster and Mahout, each system distributed by four nodes, the paper compares the performance of k-means run in parallel. MySQL and R will allow for comparison of this kind of execution against methods running on a single machine, both on relational and non-relational systems.


The Derrybrien Bog Slide of October 2003 occurred during construction of a 71-turbine wind farm. As well as examining some wider issues, this report examines key areas of the project, the bog slide event and issues arising from it, including: the nature of the area within the windfarm site; the likely environmental impact; the planning process; events leading up to, and possibly causing, the slide; an assessment of the
geotechnical reports and some future scenarios.


Reviews of research evidence suggest that specific types of therapy are likely to be useful in treating particular types of disorder. Thus, the present commitment to evidence-based practice may mean that clients are automatically allocated to the treatment of choice according to formal research evaluation, purely on the basis of their presenting problems. This case study of two female clients referred for psychological therapy for trichotillomania illustrates the need to consider clients' general functioning and wider social context when decisions are made regarding the most appropriate mode of intervention. Contrary to expectations in accordance with research evidence, the client who participated in psychodynamic therapy had a successful outcome in terms of dramatic symptom reduction and improvement in general functioning. This client's outcome was, however, consistent with predictions made in the light of information from her repertory grid and her scores on measures of personal style. The client who pa...


In this paper, we have obtained exact analytical solutions of the time-independent Dirac-Weyl equation for the charge carriers with q-deformed pseudoscalar magnetic barrier (PMB) in graphene by using the ansatz method. We have also found a solution that describes the left propagating wave function to calculation of the reflection and transmission coefficients using the Riemann's equation. This allows us to conclude about the Dirac-Weyl equation with PMB and to understand quantum behavior of the Dirac fermions. Finally, some of the numerical results are shown, too.


Earth ionosphere acts as a sensitive detector of X-rays emitted by Sun during solar flares. This radiation significantly increases the reflectivity of the ionosphere for very long radio waves. Solar activity can be tracked by means of reception distant VLF transmitters with very simple device. In this paper we would like to introduce project aimed to monitor this transmission, in which high schools can be engaged.


Stress granules are highly dynamic nonmembranous cytoplasmic RNA‐protein assemblies that form via interactions between mRNAs stalled in translation initiation and RNA‐binding proteins. Many of the RNA‐binding proteins in stress granules contain prion‐like domains (PrLDs). PrLDs are intrinsically disordered protein domains that compositionally resemble yeast prion domains; some PrLDs have been identified as playing a key role in stress granule formation. PrLDs are thought to be recruited to stress granules in part by liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS). Mutations in various RNA binding proteins containing PrLDs are associated with degenerative diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. These mutations are associated with the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions that share common components with stress granules, suggesting that the mutations perturb stress granule dynamics. However, the sequence features that drive recruitment of PrLDs into stress granules have yet to be completely defined. We recently demonstrated that many PrLDs are sufficient for stress granule recruitment in yeast, and that this recruitment is driven largely by amino acid composition. Here, we utilize synthetic prion‐like domains to rigorously examine the compositional features driving stress granule recruitment. We show that based solely on amino acid composition, we can rationally design synthetic PrLDs that are recruited to stress‐induced assemblies. Surprisingly, although aromatic amino acids are widely believed to play a key role in recruitment of PrLDs to stress granules, we find that aliphatic amino acids can functionally replace aromatic amino acids in supporting recruitment.


The Arabian Sea is a unique basin where a number of atmospheric and oceanographic processes occur due to the contrasting climatic conditions, which it experiences. The drastic monsoonal variability occurring in the boundary layer adversely affects the quality of remote sensing data and derived products. Comparisons of satellite‐based estimate of Latent Heat Flux (LHF) with in situ values demonstrate the nature and extent of such variabilities. Mean satellite fluxes underestimate in situ values during summer (July to September) and overestimate them during fall (October to November). The underestimation peaked for high LHF values and disappeared for low LHF during summer. During fall, maximum over‐estimation occurred when the LHF values were relatively low and it disappeared for higher LHF. These observations closely followed the behavior of satellite biases of sea surface temperature (SST) and wind speed (WS) during the two contrasting periods. Biases of SST and WS indicated opposite trends on either side of a threshold of 28.5°C and 5 m/s, respectively.


The structure of methyl (4R)-2/?-bromo-3-oxo19-nor16e-()-kauran-17-oate, C20H29OaBr, was determined by application of Patterson and Fourier techniques. The material crystallizes in space group P21212t with cell dimensions a=7.71(1), b= 31.77(1) and c=7.72(1) ,& with Z=4. The crystals decompose rapidly upon exposure to X-rays and slowly upon exposure to the atmosphere. Counter techniques were used to collect 1112 intensities of which 570 were greater than 3a(1). The structure was refined by least-squares techniques to a final R of 0.083. The molecule exhibits the kaurane skeleton with transfused A and B rings and cis-fused B and C rings. The six-membered rings are in the chair conformation with distortion increasing from the A to the C ring due to bridging across the C ring.


Introduction: Dysmenorrhea (period pain) is common and affects around three quarters of all young women under the age of 25. The majority of young women, for a variety of reasons, think of period pain as 'normal' and something to be managed or endured. This normalisation of pain often is reinforced by family and friends and results in young women using self-care strategies to manage their pain rather than seeking medical advice. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined observational studies reporting on the prevalence of different types of self-care, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, self-rated effectiveness of self-care and the sources of information on menstruation in young women under 25 Methods: A search of Medline, PsychINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL in English was carried out from 1980 to December 2018. Studies that reported on menstrual self-care strategies in young women were included. Results: Nine hundred and forty-seven articles were screened. Twenty-four studies including 12,526 young women were eligible and included in the meta-analysis. Fifteen studies were from low, lower-middle or upper-middle-income countries (LMIC) and nine studies were from high income countries (HIC). Self-care was used by over half of all young women (55%, 95%CI 34.1–74.3) with both pharmaceutical (48%, 95%CI 40.0–57.0) and non-pharmaceutical (51.8%, 95%CI 31.3–71.7) options used. Paracetamol was the most common analgesic used (28.7%, 95%CI 19.6–39.9) but did not always provide sufficient pain relief in almost half of those using it. Contraceptive use was significantly higher (P<0.001) in HIC (22%) compared to LMIC (1%). Only 11% (95%CI 8.4–15.2) of young women reported seeing a medical doctor for their period pain. Conclusions: Self-care usage, both pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical, was common, but young women were not necessarily choosing the most effective options for pain management. High-quality information on self-care for period pain is urgently needed.


We report on the recent results of the hypercentral Constituent Quark Model (hCQM). The model contains a spin independent three-quark interaction which is inspired by Lattice QCD calculations and reproduces the average energy values of the SU (6) multiplets. The splittings are obtained with a SU (6)-breaking interaction , which can include also an isospin dependent term. The model has been used for predictions concerning the electromagnetic transition form factors giving a good description of the medium Q 2-behaviour. In particular the calculated he-licity amplitude A 1 2 for the S11(1535) resonance agrees very well with the recent CLAS data. Furthermore, we have shown for the first time that the decreasing of the ratio of the elastic form factors of the proton is due to relativistic effects. Finally, the elastic nucleon form factors have been calculated using a relativistic version of the hCQM and a relativistic quark current.


For the new developed districts during urbanization process, the paper developed a model based on the idea of Lowery Model, aiming to achieve the employee's quality of life(QOL) and service facilities efficiency optimal, to optimize the land use pattern in new district. Firstly, we analyze the demands on living infrastructure from the employees in the district, and study the impacts of the direct and indirect factors(such as commuting time, housing price, living facilities, and nearby facilities, accessibility to CBD) on their housing location. Secondly, we analyze the behaviors of the employees to locate their housing and build a housing location model based on quality of life index(QOL). Thirdly, we establish a land use model with the objective to maximize the QOL and the being served people by the living facilities in the new district, which can control the personal trip distance(especially the total vehicle travel distance for the commuting) through arrange the land use pattern. At last, we do a calculation with Dalian new airport district as an example. The results provide a rational scheme to control the traffic demand being induced by new airport development.


Lancashire redefined popular politics and national identity in its own image. The perceived threat of invasion by Napoleon, together with the Irish Rebellion, sustained the evolution in extra-parliamentary politics that had begun in reaction to the American and French revolutions. The meanings and principles of 'radicalism,' 'loyalism' and 'Britain' continued to be debated and contested in 1798-1812. Elite loyalism became even more exclusive, developing into the Orange movement. Radicals remained silent until the Napoleonic invasion scares had faded and opportunities arose for renewed vocal criticisms of government foreign and economic policy from 1806. Conflicts re- emerged between radicals and loyalists in the middle classes and gentry which provided the training for a new generation of postwar radical leaders and the popularity of the free trade campaign. Inhabitants of Lancashire felt British in reaction to the French and Irish, but it was a Lancashire Britishness. Political identities and actions followed national patterns of events but were always marked with a regional stamp. This was in part because most political movements were held together by a shared 'sense of place' rather than vague notions of class-consciousness or shared class identity. A sense of place manifested itself in the regional organisation of strikes, petitions and the Orange institution. Furthermore, it could also entail a common bitter or defiant provincialism against the government or monarchy. In an atmosphere of anti-corruption and a growing desire for peace, this provincial frustration ironically brought professed loyalists closer to radicalism in campaigns against the Orders in Council and other government policies. Provincialism and other elements of regional identity ensured that any ideas of Britishness were tempered through local concerns and allegiances, but an identity with the nation that was not an acquiescent acceptance of national tropes and stereotypes. Lancashire Britishness was commercial, manufacturing, and above all, independent from homogenisation and the impositions of government.


Objective:To observe the best dosage of misoprostol on labor induction and the side reaction to pregnant women and newborn baby.Methods:From Aug.1997 to Aug.2000,one tablet(200ug) of misaprostol wase taken once an hour (at most three tables)by each of 60 cases 40-44 week pregnant women who had not shown any evidence of giving labor.Results:Uterus contraction was observed in thirty minuters after the administration of misoprostol,58 cases gave normal delivery,four to fifteen hours from the beginning to the end (average 8.1 hour)after administration,two cases showed uterus contraction inability when cerrix opening had pregressed to 4cm and pitoedin was given by indrip to complete the labor.The rate of uterus contraction resulted from the misoprostal was 100 per,and the successful rate of the labor induction was 99.6 per.Conclusion:The successful rate labor inducted by misoprostol is high,the complication is few,one tablet once an hour.The dosage is proper,the methed is simple,it is safe and effective and no side reaction.


A three-dimensional printing method, comprising: acquiring printing path data of a three-dimensional printing model; and printing, according to the printing path data, the three-dimensional printing model, wherein adjacent printing paths are partially overlapped at adjacent positions. Also provided are a three-dimensional printing apparatus and a printer. By partially overlapping printing materials of adjacent printing paths, the probability of a clearance between the adjacent printing paths is reduced, a printing model can be better filled with the printing material, the compactness of the printing model is increased, and the quality of the printing model is improved.


Abstract Challenging children to think about the rules that should govern the social life of the classroom is a basic way to stimulate their construction of moral knowledge. (DeVries & Kohlberg, 1987, p. 158)


Dressing requires finding clothes that fit our bodies and the way we look, as well as the society and occasions we are part of [1]. The fit of a garment contributes to the confidence and comfort of the wearer [2,3], while it is a complex interplay between physical and psychological structures, which is critical, in order for one to appear well dressed. The attributes that make a garment personal are precisely those that cannot be designed ahead of time, especially in mass production. Manufacturers' trymany provide customization services, while others allow special orders and specifications or provide a flexible product that, once purchased, can be tuned and tailored by the people who use it. However, garments do not become personal because we have selected some alternatives from a catalogue of choices.


Nanchang Joint Programme, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, 4 Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom, Division of Cancer Epidemiology


Distributed data placement over N-site multicomputer system is examined under a versatile decision model incorporating three metrics of performance and cost: response time, communication cost, and storage cost. Data is assumed to be segmented into partitions subdivided into fragmental units exhibiting uniform characteristics with respect to the decision metrics. The analytic approach allows fractional allocation of data partition. We present an efficient closed-form procedure which optimally allocates unreplicated partition in O(N) time complexity.


In his paper [8], N. Itô gives an elegant proof that the Sylow p-group of a finite solvable linear group of degree n over the field of complex numbers is necessarily normal if p > n+1. Moreover he shows that this bound on p is the best possible when p is a Fermat prime (i.e. a prime of the form 2sk + 1) but that the bound may be improved to p > n when p is not a Fermat prime.


In the minimal supersymmetric standard model, the scalar neutrino ν˜ L has odd R parity, yet it has long been eliminated as a dark-matter candidate because it scatters elastically off nuclei through the Z boson, yielding a cross section many orders of magnitude above the experimental limit. We show how it can be reinstated as a dark-matter candidate by splitting the masses of its real and imaginary parts in an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with scalar triplets. As a result, radiative neutrino masses are generated. This severely constrains the U(1) and SU(2) gaugino masses as a function of the ν˜ L mass, which is bounded by the 2011 XENON100 data to be above 125 GeV. Whereas a ν˜-ν˜ * asymmetry is created from the decay of a heavy scalar triplet together with a lepton asymmetry, it gets washed out by ν˜-ν˜ * oscillations after the electroweak phase transition. However, ν˜ 2 then decays into ν˜ 1 νν fast enough so that only ν˜ 1 survives as dark matter today.


This theoretical essay aimed to understand the dynamics of corporate governance mechanisms for nonprofit universities. The study was conducted through a theoretical essay, reflective and interpretative in nature, seeking to deepen the theme based on theoretical articulations. It was possible to verify the existence of agency conflicts, however the corporate governance theme for non-profit universities is incipient and there is a lack of studies that develop the theme in the higher education segment, especially for non-profit universities, which have experienced significant changes in their work. management model in the face of increasing competitiveness in the sector, the intense process of regulation by educational policies and changes in the relationship with knowledge. The results demonstrate that the adoption of corporate governance mechanisms by nonprofit universities can help mitigate agency conflicts, although agency theory develops the relationship (conflicts) in publicly-traded, profit-making organizations in the context of non-profit universities. For profit purposes, in addition to the conflict between principal and agent, the agency conflict between managers and stakeholders is contacted.


The successful and highly authoritative Jesuit opinion-journal La Civiltà Cattolica was founded in 1850 to assert Catholic values in the face of 'the Revolution', an allegedly nefarious process that had begun with the Revolution of 1789 and was seen by the Jesuit writers as continuing with the 1848 revolution in Italy and the ongoing Risorgimento movement; this called the temporal power of the papacy into question and also entailed wider issues of secularization. For these writers, the periodical press was a dangerous new force and the only way to combat it effectively was on its own ground. The serial novels which ran in the fortnightly journal from 1850 until 1927 were evidendy written in the belief that the devil should not be left with all the most gripping yarns. The dangers to morality posed by romantic novels were constantly emphasized in the journal's own fiction. The dominant tone of this fiction was polemical. The villains represented the forces of Jacobinism, the secret societies of the early Risorgimento, and Freemasonry. Conspiracy was a constant theme. Indeed, the leitmotifs of anti-Jesuit polemic depicting the Society of Jesus as an occult conspiratorial organization were in turn deployed by the Jesuit writers against Freemasonry. In the present study, however, the emphasis will be primarily on what the works of Antonio Bresciani (1798–1862), the pioneer Jesuit novelist between 1850 and 1861, had to say about Christian life and values. This, in fact, has most relevance to the genre of the romantic novel.


Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) require less formalized project management methods than large corporations. However, project management can play a significant role in implementing innovations. Even though lean-agile project management offices (LAPMO) are becoming increasingly important for SMEs, each company's performance varies significantly due to varying innovative capabilities and the dynamism of internal and external contexts. Based on a literature study, innovative capabilities, and LAPMO, we have developed a theoretical model with 11 assumption models. As a follow-up, we conducted empirical research, including critical variable metrics, data collection and analyses, validity tests, reliability tests, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. The model developed in this study considers the many roles that innovation capacity and project agility play in enhancing corporate performance. LAPMO mediates the relationship between innovation and performance in small and medium-sized businesses. Organizational innovation, open innovation, and innovation capabilities affect companies' performance. In small and medium businesses, they also affect LAPMO. For small and medium-sized businesses, LAPMO mediates the relationship between organizational innovation, open innovation, and innovation capabilities.


Dr Harrington made an enormous contribution to psychiatric training and research and to clinical practice in psychotherapy in Birmingham and the West Midlands, and he was the first Director of Postgraduate Psychiatric Education in the West Midlands Region. Generations of trainees are grateful to him


This article seeks to study at the recent changes in regulation, both of a legislative and self-regulatory nature, in the field of corporate governance as it pertains to executive remuneration. The main point of departure of the article will be recent societal unrest in light of the growing income gap and the advent of the recent global economic recession. Firstly, a theoretical underpinning for the remuneration of directors is provided, addressing philosophical and economic reasons in this regard. Secondly, different methods of executive remuneration are briefly set out and evaluated. Finally, a comparative analysis of the changes over recent years in several countries, namely the United States of America (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Australia and South Africa (RSA), are undertaken, in order to see how the approach has shifted with regard to evaluating executive remuneratiom. All of the countries mentioned have adapted their regulatory practices, some to a relatively negligible extent, whereas others (such as the US, whose structure could be seen to have been lacking initially) have been completely overhauled. In concluding, the article highlights and comments on the most current debates related to the regulation of executive remuneration.


Tangent distance method approximates nonlinear manifolds by their tangent hyperplanes and has been widely used in image recognition. However tangent distance directly deals with original images while high-order statistic information may be neglected. And the information of image transformation should be known a priori. We propose a new image distance metric-Gabor feature-based approximated manifold distance (GFMD) to address these disadvantages. Firstly Gabor wavelet transform are applied to calculate high-order statistical information of images. The intrinsic variables of feature manifold are revealed by MVU. The feature manifold can be approximated by curve surfaces based on second-order Taylor expansion. GFMD is defined as the minimum distance between the approximated curved surfaces and can be directly combined with distance-based classifiers for image recognition. The experimental results of face recognition demonstrate that GFMD not only has higher invariance of transformation but also has more stability of classification than several state-of-the-art distance metrics.


The prototype and narrative of the ancient myth can be seen everywhere in daily news;daily news can be seen as a myth.It,as the myth,can transmit information,create social identity,maintain,consolidate and strengthen the existing social mainstream ideology and social order,concern with public life,constantly shape the era and society of which it is located.


Block and graft copolymers with polyacrylate and linear polyethylene segments were synthesized through a combination of degenerative transfer (DT) ethylene polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). DT coordination polymerization was mediated by a bis(imino)pyridineiron/diethylzinc binary catalyst system activated by MAO and was studied at various temperatures. The catalyst system achieved a well-controlled DT coordination polymerization of ethylene, resulting in low-polydispersity polyethylene with high chain end functionality. The Zn-terminated polyethylene prepared by DT coordination polymerization was oxidized using dry air, followed by hydrolysis to provide a monohydroxy-terminated polyethylene (PE-OH). The degree of ethylene polymerization (DP ∼ 20) and the chain end functionality (∼80%) of PE-OH were determined by 1H NMR. The PE-OH was converted into a polyethylene α-bromoisobutyrate macroinitiator (PE-MI), and ATRP of n-butyl acrylate and tert-butyl acrylate was successfully c...


Kevin lynch holds in his work "Good City Form" that cities are material bases of religious beliefs for people to free their spirit, which after being carefully planned and designed by urban planners will be awesome and provide a background for religious rites. This thesis combs the development of Buddhism in Wuhan, studies the space form of main Buddhism architectures and analyzes religious doctrine, national policy, social culture and other factors' influence on Buddhism architecture, provides the scientific basis for the future protection and planning of Buddhism architecture in Wuhan.


The invention discloses a trigger method for aperiodic channel status information reports and a base station. The method comprises the following steps of: sending a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) with aperiodic CSI report trigger command to the user equipment by the base station; when the trigger command triggers the aperiodic CSI report, indicating the aperiodic CSI report about the component carrier back-fed and designated by the user equipment through the PDCCH. The invention enhances the flexibility of the aperiodic channel status information CSI reports, reduces the trigger delay of the aperiodic channel status information CSI reports, and saves the trigger signaling cost and the transmission cost.


Feeding habits of Carassius carassius (Linnaeus, 1758) were analyzed from 334 specimens collected from Beni Haroun Dam (north-east of Algeria) between January 2015 to December 2015. Of the total number of the guts examined, 78 were empty corresponding to a total vacuity index (VI = 23, 35%). Feeding intensity was strongly seasonal, being higher during summer and lower during winter. The difference in feeding intensity between size classes was statistically significant (p < 0.05), decreased with size classes. 10558 prey items were identified to the possible taxonomic groups, exhibiting a diversified food spectrum of this species. Numeric indexes (numerical, weight percentage of abundance, and frequency of occurrence) and a composite index (IRI index of relative importance) were applied to establish the feeding strategy of the species. The diet of C. carassius consisted mainly of phytoplankton (algae), followed by zooplankton (cladocerans, copepods, rotifers), then by insects (Dipterans). Other groups: nematodes, bivalves and fish were a minority. The percentage of IRI varies significantly according to season and size classes (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Analysis of the occurrences data was performed by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method with Statistica 8 software, showed that algae was the food mainly consumed during winter and spring, the contributions of animal origin food categories (zooplankton and insects) were important in the diet in summer and autumn. The contributions of algae and rotifers (Brachionus sp., Keratella sp.), were important in the diet of small fish whereas zooplankton: cladocerans (Daphnia sp. and Bosmina sp.), dipterans (Chironomus sp.), copepods (Cyclops sp) and fish were important in the diet of adults. The Amundsen diagram shows that the C. carassius have a generalist feeding strategy, the diet breadth index Shannon Wiener shows a moderately wide spectrum of diet (H = 2.39).


Two approaches, one based on the likelihood-ratio statistic and the other based on unconditioning Fisher's exact test, are examined for obtaining a p-value in the comparison of the combination of arthropod species present on a mystery carcass to the observed frequency distribution of species combinations on carcasses exposed to the elements for a


By qualitatively content analyzing the news coverage of SARS in Beijing Review, Time, and Newsweek, this study examined the Chinese government's interventions in crisis management during the 2003 SARS epidemic. Empirical findings show that the interaction of increasing external pressure and internal self- awareness forced the Chinese government to change its crisis management strategies. Different administrative levels (local, regional, national, and international) were cooperatively involved in taking actions and controlling the crisis. Implications for future research were also discussed. (China Media Research. 2008; 4(1): 19-28)


In the discussion of the concept of development in Chapter 1, we emphasised that development is not limited to the economic sphere. It also involves a broad range of social changes. An important dimension of development is cultural change. We cannot study economic developments in isolation, but also have to take into account cultural aspects such as attitudes, religious precepts, lifestyles, identities and values. Culture as a dimension of development is extremely important. It is also a somewhat slippery concept, as almost anything can be classified under the heading of culture: culture as art, identity, religion, language, nationalism, attitudes, institutions, material artefacts, and so forth. A full treatment of cultural change is not possible in the context of a single chapter. This chapter will have an exploratory and open character, focusing primarily on the interrelationships and interconnections between culture and economic development. It will be more reflective and open-ended than other chapters. Its aim is not to summarise the literature or to develop general hypotheses or firm conclusions about the role of culture, but rather to make the reader aware of and sensitive to the possible importance of cultural elements in the broader process of development. The chapter addresses the following issues: the role of religion in economic development; the notion of efficient institutions; traditional versus modern culture; cultural obstacles to development; cultural consequences of and reactions to Western penetration in the non-Western world; the pros and cons of cultural mapping for development projects and policies.


With high efficiency and low power dissipation,Class-D amplifier has found wide applications in portable devices.However,the conventional Class-D amplifier had problems of non-linearity and low PSRR,due to its open loop system.Σ-Δ modulation was employed to solve these problems.Conventional and novel amplifiers were compared and analyzed.A novel 2nd-order Σ-Δ modulation technique was introduced,based on 1st-order Σ-Δ modulation.A detailed scheme for system design was presented,and simulation based on Charter 0.35 μm CMOS process validated the design.


Generalization of road network is one of the focuses in map generalization.Road network generalization can be considered as the combination of two processes.One is selective omission,and the other is the simplification of selected roads.Selective omission is the key process,in which it is hard to maintain the overall and key local structures of original networks.Many solutions have been proposed for road selective omission.But previous solutions cannot maintain these structures in the process of selective omission.It will solve the problem if we can build the hierarchical structure of road networks and make selection based on the structure.This paper presents a novel method for selective omission.The method first builds the hierarchical structure of road networks.It is based on Hierarchical Random Graph(HRG) which transforms a graph into a dendrogram,which is widely used in complex networks.HRG goes beyond simple clustering and provides clustering information at all levels of granularity for visualization.But HRG is over detailed for multi-scale representation as its dendrogram usually contains tens or even more layers.So,after building HRG of road networks,we propose a measure named Accumulated Probability Number(APN) to simply HRG hierarchy.APN reflects the importance of each road in the whole network.It should be noted that we use road 'strokes' as vertices and the connections between them as edges when transforming a road network into a graph.The proposed approach is validated with case studies of road network generalization.Different patterns of road networks are considered including grid,ring-star-hybrid,grid-star-hybrid,irregular patterns.The corresponding Google Map is used as the reference for evaluation of road selection.The results of APN-based selection match well with the reference.


An NAD-specific glutamate dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 was purified 350-fold by a several-step procedure involving Blue-Sepharose chromatography. The native protein had a molecular mass of approximately 289 kDa, and consisted of six subunits with a molecular mass of 48 kDa each. The optimum pH for the deaminating reaction was 8.0. The optimum temperature was around 85–90°C. NAD-glutamate dehydrogenase showed a high coenzyme specificity, catalysed preferentially glutamate catabolism and presented Km values for NAD and l-glutamate of 0.27±0.03 mM and 49±10 mM, respectively. No activity was detected with NADH or NADPH, 2-oxoglutarate and ammonia. Enzyme activity was found to be very stable at 72°C. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed a tm of 95°C for denaturation.


The purpose of this paper is to identify and characterize the structure of the historical genre and discursive mechanisms utilized by Chilean 8th graders as evidenced in a written task. This task consists of students responding to a historical question using on historical evidence. Our analytical framework and methodological design are based on the notion of historical genre and Appraisal Framework used in Systemic Functional Linguistics (Coffin 2006; Martin & Rose, 2008; Martin, 2009). Considering the characterization of historical genres developed by Coffin (2006) and Martin and Rose (2008), the concept of 'historical account' genre is reformulated and defined as a 'historical account writing task.' Our analysis helped identify and characterize four stages to develop the historical account: a) Start, b) Contextualization, c) Reformulation and c) Closing. We unpack each stage into smaller phases. The results show that there exists a set of criteria afforded by the proximity of the response to the historical evidence, which are expressed in the stages and phases characterized in this study. This set of criteria shapes the quality of the response as evidence of students' historical understanding.


Streptozotocin, the glucose derivative of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, is, in addition to being carcinogenic, a powerful diabetogen. When administered to mice, it rapidly lowers the amount of islet-cell NAD and causes considerable 8-cell toxicity (Schein ef a/., 1973 ; Gunnarsson et al., 1974). Administration of nicotinamide before streptozotocin, or up to 2h afterwards, completely inhibits the fall in NAD and prevents the diabetes. The diabetogenic action of streptozotocin is thus thought to be through the lowering of the amount of 8-cell NAD. In experimental systems, streptozotocin is a potent anti-cancer agent (Bhuyan, 1970), but it has found limited clinical use. Simultaneous administration of nicotinamide potentiates the survival of tumour-bearing animals, acting probably through a modulating effect on streptozotocin toxicity (Schein et al., 1967). However, nicotinamide can potentiate the carcinogenic action of the drug (Rakieten et al., 1971). There is a large literature associating changes in NAD concentrations with changes in the growth state of cells. An increasing amount of evidence associates such changes with the chromosomal enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which degrades NAD. 5-Methylnicotinamide, which inhibits NAD degradation, but is not a precursor for its synthesis, will block the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin in mouse islets (Hinz et al., 1973). Whish et al. (1975) showed that administration of streptozotocin to Physarum polycephalum causes a marked decrease in NAD, which correlates with a twofold


We detail a model of compositional data for reallocating voteshares under counterfactual scenarios. This builds on a system of models Aitchison (1986), Katz and King (1999) and Honaker, Katz and King (2001), that are used when the inference can be seen as a missing data problem with auxiliary information about bounds. By investigating a series of undervoting problems in 2006 with electronic voting, where unexpectedly large numbers of voters did not vote because of ballot technology problems, we are able to test this model in a series of similar races. Because we also have collected individual level "ballot image" data, this gives us a number of reasonably comparable applied settings to judge the average performance of these compositional models and measure the information loss from using aggregated voting returns.


The presence of autonomous systems is becoming more and more common in today's society.The contexts in which these kind of systems appear are numerous and the variations arelarge, from large and co ...


In this paper optical positions relative to UCAC1 for 22 counterparts of extragalactic radio sources in the southern hemisphere are presented. The internal accuracy of the positions is of the order of 0.″060. With the help of astrometric calibration regions, choices of the centering method and the width of the subraster used for object centering are given based on the detailed analysis of the results of centers of stellar images in the CCD on the 1 m telescope at Yunnan Astronomical Observatory, and the choice of the suitable model for the reduction of CCD is also recommended. A comparison of our results with those of other authors is made.


This paper presents the simulation of a five-leg voltage source inverter for driving independently two single-phase induction motors with different speeds. Carrier-based space vector pulse width modulation is used for the five-leg VSI. V/f scalar control is employed for those motors. The simulation results show that the speed for each motor can be independently control. Besides that, the advantages of the five-leg inverter are shared capacitor and dc bus together, reduced cost due to a decrease in power switch count and driver circuits and also switching losses.


The female-dominated New Age (with its positive focus on self) and the male-dominated realm of conspiracy theory (with its negative focus on global politics) may seem antithetical. There is a synthesis of the two, however, that we call 'conspirituality'. We define, describe, and analyse this hybrid system of belief; it has been noticed before without receiving much scholarly attention. Conspirituality is a rapidly growing web movement expressing an ideology fuelled by political disillusionment and the popularity of alternative worldviews. It has international celebrities, bestsellers, radio and TV stations. It offers a broad politico-spiritual philosophy based on two core convictions, the first traditional to conspiracy theory, the second rooted in the New Age: 1) a secret group covertly controls, or is trying to control, the political and social order, and 2) humanity is undergoing a 'paradigm shift' in consciousness. Proponents believe that the best strategy for dealing with the threat of a totalitarian 'new world order' is to act in accordance with an awakened 'new paradigm' worldview.


To study the effect of phosphorus and sulphur levels on growth, protein content, yield and economic profitability of black gram production in, a field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2018-19 at the Research Farm, School of Agriculture, ITM University, Gwalior, (M.P.). The experiment was conducted in factorial in randomized block design with four phosphorus levels (0 kg/ha (P0), 20 kg/ha (P1), 40 kg/ha (P2) and 60 kg/ha (P3)) along with three Sulphur levels (10 kg/ha (S1), 20 kg/ha (S2) and 30 kg/ha (S3)) which were replicated thrice. The black gram variety "Awasthi" was uniformly fertilized by 20 kg N/ha and 20 kg K2O / ha using Urea and muriate of potash. However, phosphorus and Sulphur were applied using Single Super Phosphate and Cossavet as per the requirement of the treatments. The results revealed that the application of phosphorus @ 60 kg/ha recorded significantly highest plant height (37.12 cm) at 60 DAS, the maximum number of branches per plant (6.33), the maximum number of leaves per plant (10.62) at 60 DAS, seed yield (14.12 q/ha), Stover yield (35.42 q/ha). While among the sulphur levels, application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ha recorded significantly highest plant height (36.19 cm), the maximum number of branches per plant (6.06), the maximum number of leaves per plant (10.01) at 60 DAS, higher seed yield (12.55 q/ha) and Stover yield (31.85 q/ha). Among the economics, the combined application of phosphorus @ 60 kg with the application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ ha produced significantly the highest net returns and Benefit Cost. Thus, the application of phosphorus @ 60 kg along with the application of Sulphur @ 30 kg/ ha was found to be the most promising treatment in enhancing the growth and yield in black gram.


Logistics is a process point to service,which provides whole direction service to consumer.This paper disscussed about the advance of logistics in Kunming's economy and the possibility and methods of developing logistics in Kunming.


The moving dynamics of nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N) in soil of maize field on meadow soil of Daling river basin in Liaoning and its rational fertilization controlling were disused in this study by the designing of different kinds of N application methods.The results showed that the content of NO3-N in soil was increased with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increasing;under the same amount of nitrogen application conditions,the content of NO3-N in soil showed a trend of chemical fertilizer treatmentstraw returning treatmentslow controlled release fertilizer treatment.Based on the requirement of roots in different growth stage to nutrition,the migration directions of NO3-N could be regulated by each layer of soil.In the early growth stage,the NO3-N would move upward,while it moved downward in the late growth stage.Straw returning treatment could improve the keeping ability of soil to NO3-N and avoid the downward migration of NO3-N,as well as reduce the damage of groundwater pollution.The use of slow controlled release fertilizer had achieved the continuing releasing of nutrition.Moreover,the peak of nutrition releasing had delayed for 30 d,which had met the requirement of nutrient supply in maturing stage.The yield of slow controlled release fertilizer treatment was the highest with the least accumulation of NO3-N and less negative influence on environment.The yield of straw returning treatment and chemical fertilizer treatment was closed to each other.


Neuro-Ophthalmic Literature Review Carmen Chan, John Chen, Rauan Kaiyrzhanov, Peter MacIntosh, Axel Petzold, John Pula, Matthieu Robert, Michael Vaphiades, and An-Guor Wang OCT for the temporal arteries Mollan SP, Keane PA, Denniston AK. The use of transdermal optical coherence tomography to image the superficial temporal arteries. Eye (Lond) 2017;31:157–160. The gold standard for diagnosing giant cell arteritis (GCA) is temporal artery biopsy, but it is an invasive procedure. Can transdermal optical coherence tomography (OCT) be a non-invasive alternative? In this proof-of-concept case series, the authors used a commercially available dermatological OCT device (InVivoSight) to image the superficial temporal artery (STA) of eight patients: five with a clinical diagnosis of GCA (treated) and three healthy controls. The authors were able to identify the STA in all eight patients; however, the whole circumference of the artery was only demonstrated in two patients. There were OCT features that helped to distinguish artery from vein, but the authors did not comment on any differences between the OCT appearance of patients with GCA and those without. Further studies are required to see if this technique may aide GCA diagnosis in the future. Carmen Chan Optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve and macula: Pitfalls and how to avoid them Chen JJ, Kardon RH. Avoiding clinical misinterpretation and artifacts of optical coherence tomography analysis of the optic nerve, retinal nerve fiber layer, and ganglion cell layer. J Neuroophthalmol 2016;36:417–438. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an indispensable tool for neuro-ophthalmologists in recent years. However, technical problems with scan acquisition or segmentation software can lead to misinterpretations of the scan results. This is a comprehensive review of the most common artifacts associated with OCT examination of the optic nerve head and macular ganglion cell analysis, including practical advice on how to avoid them. The sources of error include patient's age, signal strength, media opacity, high refractive error, disc size, disc swelling, peripapillary atrophy, and macular pathology. There are many useful illustrations with examinations performed with spectraldomain OCT.


Excess molar enthalpies ( ), measured at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K in a Calvet low-temperature microcalorimeter, are reported for the ternary mixture of p-cymene (1) + α-pinene (2) + β-pinene (3) at atmospheric pressure. The results serve to show that all the experimental values are positive and that they increase with an increase in temperature. In all cases, maximum values were observed in the vicinity of x1 ≈ 0.5. Furthermore, at constant x1, the measured values increase as the ratio of x2/x3 increases.


THE Colorado River is one of the large and important rivers of this country, but has a very fluctuating discharge, due to changing seasons and changing years. If completely regulated its magnitude is sufficient to furnish an ample domestic supply of water to all the inhabitants of the United States, and a considerable margin over. The low water flow of the river during the latter part of summer and autumn, is all utilized in irrigation, and the development has proceeded to


Business Process Management Systems (BPMS) were created, in order to respond to a growing concern in organizational management. The concern aroused from the need of being able to have business processes and total control, for the obvious advantages, like gathering indicators related with the execution of the activities that form them and, therefore reducing the risk associated with that execution. This was also due to the growing need to correspond with certain standards or quality certificates, like ISO, CMM, TQM or Six Sigma, in order to put out an image of quality and credibility. The main target of BPMS is to achieve an easy organizational management, not only in an operational level, formed by numerous processes and activities, but also in a broader spectrum, seeing organization as a whole. After a time where it was thought that Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) could solve all the problems, BPMS appeared, complementing them, driving organizational management in an upper layer and level. As so, it was integrated in Microsoft Navision (ERP focused in small and medium size organizations), a system capable of managing those processes, presenting as its mains characteristics, a great flexibility in process modeling, as the building of the interface responsible for the execution of its activities, but also the control and tracking needed to an efficient managing.


The authors investigate the neutronic characteristics of the operating mode of a hybrid nuclear-thermonuclear reactor. The facility under study consists of a modified core of a high-temperature gas-cooled thorium reactor and an extended plasma neutron source penetrating the near-axial region of the core. The proposed facility has a generated power that is convenient for the regional level (60–100 MW), acceptable geometric dimensions and a low level of radioactive waste. The paper demonstrates optimization neutronic studies, the purpose of which is to level the resulting offsets of the radial energy release field, which are formed within the fuel part of the blanket during long-term operation and due to the pulsed operation of the plasma D-T neutron source. The calculations were performed using both previously developed models and the SERPENT 2.1.31 precision program code based on the Monte Carlo method. In the simulation, we used pointwise evaluated nuclear data converted from the ENDF-B/VII.1 library, as well as additional data for neutron scattering in graphite from ENDF-B/VII.0, based on the S(α, β) formalism.


The atom economical borrowing hydrogen methodology enables the use of alcohols as alkylating agents for selective C-C bond formation. A bifunctional 2-(2-pyridyl-2-ol)-1,10-phenanthroline (phenpy-OH) based Ru(ii) complex (2) was found to be a highly efficient catalyst for the one-pot β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols and double alkylation of cyclopentanol with different primary alcohols. Exploiting the metal-ligand cooperativity in complex 2, several aromatic, aliphatic and heteroatom substituted alcohols were selectively cross-coupled in high yields using significantly low catalyst loading (0.1 mol%). An outer-sphere mechanism is proposed for this system as exogenous PPh3 has no significant effect on the rate of the reaction. Notably, this is a rare one-pot strategy for β-alkylation of secondary alcohols using a bifunctional Ru(ii)-complex. Moreover, this atom-economical methodology displayed the highest cumulative turn over frequency (TOF) among all the reported transition metal complexes in cross coupling of alcohols.


In this study, we propose a rehabilitation protocol involving Korean medicine for patients after high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and report its effectiveness. Three patients underwent HTO using the rehabilitation protocol involving Korean medicine. We estimated the outcome evaluating physical examinatio...


Advances in longevity and falling birth rates have a profound impact on our societies, in both the industrialized and developing worlds. Demographic ageing is causing considerable concern, if not alarm, in many circles. Yet the public debate about the future of social security is often lacking in accurate and objective information. It is easier to focus on the 'burden' of ageing on society than attempt to better understand the complex, interrelated nature of the issues involved, especially the rising numbers of persons of working age who are inactive and contributing neither taxes nor social security contributions. Whether the mode of pension financing is public or private, retirement income of the non-active older population must be paid out of the economic gains of the younger working population. Social security policy is all about making plans now for future generations. This means more carefully defining the terms of the public debate, articulating more clearly the desired objectives and policies.


This paper is the result of a qualitative state-of-the-art research, which aimed to understand the concepts of curricular integration in theses and dissertations, focusing on integrated high school (IHS) of the Federal Institutes (FIs). A search at the Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (DLTD) was conducted, which resulted in thirteen analyzed studies. In parallel, we elaborated the profile of these researchers, through a consultation on the Lattes platform. The research has shown that studies on curricular integration within the scope of the HIS of the FIs show the distancing of what is wanted for the IHS from what is done. It is possible to realize the concern with the theme, however the investigations do not point out practical suggestions for the materialization of the integrated curriculum.


The present invention relates to a light effect system for forming a beam. The light effect system comprises at least a portion of said first optical beam forming means adapted to form, wherein at least the first actuator is adapted to surround the first point of rotation substantially parallel to and surrounding the central axis of the light beam a first rotational axis of the first light forming means. At least a second actuator adapted to move in relation to the light beam of the first light forming means, such that the first point of rotation in the range of the beam in relation to the outside and radially moving the central axis of the light beam .


Lesions involving the eyes or their external musculature are common in acquired and in congenital syphilis. They may present themselves as local lesions in the eyeball or orbit or may be local manifestations of intracranial infection. Syphilitic involvements of the eye and adnexa most frequently seen 1 are: Primary chancre of the lid and conjunctiva; interstitial keratitis, congenital and acquired; iritis, in acquired and in congenital infection; choroiditis, focal and disseminated; retinitis; changes in the optic disk, without intracranial involvement; atrophy of the optic nerve; paralysis of the ocular nerves by a gummatous process in the orbit, basal syphilitic meningitis, cerebral gumma or syphilitic neuritis of the nerve trunks, and nuclear degeneration from disease of the supplying vessels. Gumma of the orbit is a rare condition. 2 It occurs in two forms: It may be a condition of the periosteum, especially in the upper and outer and the inner and lower quadrants of the orbit. Early it causes thickening of the structure and later necrosis, with possible breaking through the skin and formation of a sinus.


often is ,t,he dullest thing irnag;mible, 'but it can also be made as entrancing as a novel if only the teacher's aim is high. Emerson must have .rneant something liks tobis when he said: "Hitch your wagon to a star." The man who does 'this may' not reach the star but 'he will certainly as, cend to a greater 'height .rhan .if, he hitches his wagon ,to .a fence post.. Browning expresses the same thought when he says;', "A man's reach should exceed his, grasp, else, what's a heaven for?" The children~ 'never rise 'hig.her than' the goals toward which the teacher directs them unless they' do, so in spite 'of the teacher. . Hence, it is all important t!hat,at, the assignment of every lesson, at every recitaeion. 93


Several financial and distributional implications of municipal electric profits are examined for cities in North Carolina. Profits are found to reduce own-revenue collections. After controlling for per capita income and population, per capita own-revenues in cities with public electric companies are observed to be 25% to 45% lower than in other cities. Substantial exporting to nonresidents is also indicated; the median rate of exporting is estimated to be approximately 10%. Finally, the impact on general revenue sharing entitlements for all types of local governments is analyzed when profits are included in tax effort.


Recently there has been a surge of interest in the relative value of breast-feeding versus artificial feeding, i.e., bottle-feeding. Obviously, this subject is of concern to parents and health workers, but because of the possible implications for family planning, the employment of women, the use of foreign currency for imported formulas, and the development of dairy or infant-food industries, it is also of great concern to planners.


Striking perfusion deficits were noted on the lung scans of 5 children who, despite aspiration of radiolucent foreign bodies, had normal physical findings and usually minimal x-ray abnormalities. Seven dogs, studied after endobronchial placement of partially occluding foreign bodies, likewise displayed positive perfusion lung scans. Scans reverted to normal following foreign-body removal. Plain films, angiograms, and blood gas studies were unremarkable. The findings suggest that the perfusion disturbance related to partially occluding foreign bodies occurs at the capillary level. Perfusion lung scanning is useful in the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration and may be negative for as long as 24 hours after aspiration.


Understanding the present‐day fast seismic velocity anomalies in the mantle requires an accurate kinematic reconstruction of past convergent tectonics. Using the paleomagnetism‐based absolute reconstruction method from Wu and Kravchinsky (2014), we present here the restoration of the closing of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean (MOO) that existed between Siberia and North China‐Amuria (NCA) during the Mesozoic. Three stages, i.e., 250–200 Ma, 200–150 Ma, and 150–120 Ma, are identified from the time‐varying convergence rates of Siberia and NCA. The spherical distance between the suture margins was reduced by approximately 66.7% at an average convergence rate of 8.8 ± 0.6 cm/yr during the first stage at 250–200 Ma, when approximately 62.5–76.1% of the slabs associated with the MOO lithosphere were formed primarily through intraoceanic convergence. In the second stage at 200–150 Ma, the spherical distance was reduced by another 21.1% with a convergence rate of 3.6 ± 0.3 cm/yr. During this stage, approximately 14.2–30.9% of the MOO slabs were formed and continental‐oceanic convergence outpaced intraoceanic subduction. In the last stage at 150–120 Ma, the convergence rate dropped to approximately 0.4–0.6 cm/yr with the formation of approximately 4.6–9.8% slabs associated with the MOO lithosphere. The final closure of the remnant MOO basin could have been accomplished by 130–120 Ma, which explains the origin of the fast‐velocity anomalies inside the restored continents at 120 Ma near the suture margins.


The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of different malt flour concentrations added to extruded pea‐rice formulae on their food and energy intake by preschool children. The study was performed in 152 children from 3 to 4 years old. Three formulae of extruded pea‐rice blends with energy densities of: 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 kcal/g and similar consistencies (9000 cp) were assayed. These characteristics were obtained modifying the solid concentration of the formulae and adding different amounts of malt flour. Results demonstrated that by increasing the energy densities of the formulae, the children were able to consume higher amounts of foods. Formulae treated with malt flour have increased energy densities without increasing consistencies. Furthermore, this treatment made possible an increase in the consumption of the formulae with higher energy densities.


The structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters (1 and 2, Figure 1)[1] define the key structural motifs of a growing family of natural products, some members of which exhibit striking antibiotic activities. Among them are diversonol (3, Figure 1),[2] the first member of the monomeric series within the class, and the rugulotrosins,[3] secalonic acids[4] and hirtusneanoside,[5] all of which are dimeric in nature.

Figure 1

Structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters (1, 2, 4 and 5) and diversonol (3).

In a program directed towards the total synthesis of these molecules, we focused initially on the development of new synthetic technologies for the synthesis of the basic molecular framework of the class, and, therefore, turned our attention to α- and β-diversonolic esters (1 and 2) and diversonol (3), the simplest members of the family. In this communication we report the development of an expedient synthetic strategy for the construction of the diversonolic architecture, its application to concise total syntheses of all three structures 1–3, and the revision of the originally proposed structures for α- and β-diversonolic esters 1 and 2, to 4 and 5, respectively, through total synthesis.

Scheme 1 summarizes the devised synthesis of the originally assigned structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters 1 and 2. Thus, reaction of racemic enone 6 with Et2AlCN followed by trapping with TMSCl in the presence of pyridine furnished the corresponding nitrile TMS enol ether, which was transformed without isolation to nitrile enone 7 through the action of IBX•MPO,[6] in 62 % overall yield. Conversion of the latter to its ester enone counterpart (8) required DIBAL-H reduction (hydroxy aldehyde), DMP oxidation (ketoaldehyde, 83 % yield, two steps), Pinnick oxidation, and treatment with TMSCHN2 (90 % yield, two steps). Ester enone 8 was then converted to bromo hydroxy ester 9 (ca. 1.3:1 dr) through sequential reaction with bromine and Et3N (bromo enone, 94 % yield), followed by reduction with NaBH4-CeCl3 (91 % yield). Deprotonation of bromo hydroxy ester 9 with MeLi (1.1 equiv) followed by sequential treatment with tBuLi and acyl cyanide 10 afforded the expected alcohol (ca. 1.3:1 dr), which was oxidized with IBX to give diketone 11 in 41 % overall yield. Finally, desilylation of 11 (HF•py), followed by deallylation (nBu3SnH, Pd(PPh3)4 cat.), furnished structures 1 and 2 (1:2 ca. 2:1, chromatographically separated), presumably through the intermediacy of 12. The spectroscopic data (1H and 13C NMR) of these compounds, however, did not match those reported[1] for the natural products α- and β-diversonolic esters. The skeletal connectivity of compounds 1 and 2 was established by HMBC studies and their relative stereochemistry was assigned by comparison of NMR data with similar compounds.[7] The structure of 2 (m.p. 183–184 °C, EtOAc:hexanes 1:1) was verified by X-ray crystallographic analysis (see ORTEP drawing, Figure 2).[8]

Figure 2

ORTEP drawings of compound 2, 3, 18 and 22 derived from X-ray crystallographic analysis (non-hydrogen atoms are shown as 30 % ellipsoids).

Scheme 1

Synthesis of the proposed structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters (1 and 2). Reagents and conditions: a) Et2AlCN (1.0 M in toluene, 1.2 equiv), toluene, 23 °C, 30 min; then pyridine (3.0 equiv), TMSCl (1.8 equiv), 0→23 ...

At this stage, and not yet knowing the true structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters, we turned our attention to the synthesis of diversonol (3) through application of the developed synthetic strategy. Thus, substituting the nitrile with a methyl group in the starting enone (now 13, Scheme 2) and following a similar route as before, but proceeding through intermediates 14–19 (17:18 ca. 2:1), we arrived at diversonol (3) in eight steps as summarized in Scheme 2. The spectral data (1H and 13C NMR) of synthetic diversonol matched those reported for the natural substance[2] and those of synthetic diversonol kindly provided by Professor S. Brase, whose group was the first to synthesize this natural product.[9] The structures of synthetic compounds 18 (m.p. 154–155 °C, EtOAc:hexanes 1:1) and 3 were also confirmed by crystallographic analysis (ORTEP drawing, Figure 2).[8]

Scheme 2

Total synthesis of diversonol (3). Reagents and conditions: a) Br2 (1.05 equiv), CH2Cl2, 0 °C, 5 min; then Et3N (1.5 equiv), 0 °C, 5 min, 90 %; b) DIBAL-H (1.0 M in hexanes, 1.5 equiv), THF, −78→ −40 °C, ...

In what turned out to be a fortunate twist of fate, and aimin improving and streamlining our synthesis of diversonol (3), we decided to employ MOM protecting groups on the aromatic segment of the molecule (aldehyde 20, Scheme 3). We, therefore, proceeded to prepare, by the same route, intermediate 21 (Scheme 3), whose global deprotection under acidic conditions was expected to give compound 17 (Scheme 2) in one step, rather than two, and avoiding the organometallic reagent and catalyst employed in the first route. Upon exposure of 21 to aqueous HClO4, however, we did not observe any of the expected products (i.e. 17 and 18, Scheme 2), but instead obtained two new compounds (ca. 2:1 ratio) isomeric in nature to the previously obtained products (17 and 18) and to each other. Fortunately, one of these compounds (major, less polar, silica gel, hexanes: EtOAc 1:1) crystallized from hexanes: EtOAc (1:1) in beautiful colorless needles (m.p. 175–176 °C, EtOAc:hexanes 1:1). One of these crystals was subjected to X-ray crystallographic analysis (see ORTEP drawing, Figure 2),[8] which revealed its structure as 22, and hence, that of the other isomer as 23 (Scheme 3).

Scheme 3

Construction of compounds 22 and 23. Reagents and conditions: a) MeLi (1.6 M in ether, 1.1 equiv), ether, −78 °C, 15 min; then tBuLi (1.7 M in pentane, 2.2 equiv), −78 °C, 15 min; then 20 (1.5 equiv), −78→ ...

The proposed mechanism for the formation of compounds 22 and 23 from 21 through postulated intermediates 24–26 (Scheme 4) served as the basis for the total synthesis and structural revision of α- and β-diversonolic esters. Apparently, the initially formed structures undergo skeletal rearrangements to structures such as 22 and 23 under the acidic conditions employed for the deprotection. The similarity of the NMR data of 22 and 23 to those of the natural diversonolic esters led us to propose structures 4 and 5 as the revised structures of 1 and 2, respectively. Scheme 5 summarizes our syntheses of 4 and 5 starting with hydroxy bromo ester 9 and bis-MOM protected acyl cyanide 27 and proceeding through intermediate 28 (4:5 ca. 1:3 dr). The spectral properties of synthetic diversonolic esters 4 and 5 were consistent with their structures and matched those reported[1] for the naturally occurring substances. The structural connectivity of 4 and 5 was established by HMBC studies and their relative stereochemistry was assigned by nOe studies. The revised structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters (4 and 5) also explain the ambiguities in the spectral and chemical properties of these compounds described in the original isolation report.[1]

Scheme 4

Postulated mechanism of the formation of 22 and 23.

Scheme 5

Total synthesis of the revised structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters (4 and 5). Reagents and conditions: a) MeLi (1.6 M in ether, 1.1 equiv), ether, −78 °C, 15 min; then tBuLi (1.7 M in pentane, 2.2 equiv), −78 ...

In a final twist, a naturally occurring compound named blennolide C, bearing the structure of 2, was reported[10] while this manuscript was in preparation. Although a natural product with the structure 1 has not yet been reported, it can be predicted to exist, especially as it is present as a monomeric unit in some dimeric natural products such as the rugulotrosins.[3]

Besides uncovering the true structures of α- and β-diversonolic esters and rendering them and diversonol as well as blennolide C readily available, the described chemistry opens an expedient entry into these and the more complex members of this class of natural products, including their enatiomerically pure forms and their analogs. Since both enantiomers of starting materials (6[11] and 13[12]) are known, the as yet undetermined absolute stereochemistry of all three natural products (3–5) should be easily discernable. Finally, biological investigations with the synthesized compounds may reveal interesting properties.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to frame empirical literature on talent management (TM), and to provide a clear and comprehensive picture of the topics under investigation, the conceptualization of TM, and under-explored areas. Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopted a systematic review that covers empirical research on TM which has been published between 2006 and 2014 in academic peer-reviewed journals. A total of 96 articles were included in the review. A bibliometric as well as a content analysis has been carried out. Findings – The results reveal that the Anglo-Saxon context (in particular EU) has a great impact on empirical TM research. Also research foundations and designs are not very rigorous. A slight awareness of context and culture was found. Empirical TM research is predominantly built on an exclusive approach to TM. Yet, how TM works in practice and how well (from the perspective of multiple actors) as well as the role and perceptions of line managers are under-explored areas...


This book is a compilation of articles by faculty involved in developing and instituting programs to teach sustainable development (SD) to students in a manner that builds on the service-learning model being used by other programs. In most cases the universities are in Massachusetts, either at University of Massachusetts Lowell or a consortium of universities in the Holyoke, Massachusetts, area. The authors describe their efforts and, more importantly, the successes and the difficulties of putting into place and maintaining the SD programs. Reading this book would enable other faculty groups to begin putting together their own local effort in SD. The manner of coordinating with government, non-government organizations, and companies are described, not step-by-step, but in an anecdotal style with sufficient detail that others could put together their own plans. However, the overall picture drawn in the book is both encouraging and discouraging, so individuals will have many issues to consider before moving forward. The chance of sustaining an SD program is not guaranteed, but this book would give others a better opportunity of success. The number of ideas on how to develop an SD program is large and the personal observations of the participants are insightful. As an administrator, I find this book valuable in providing me with the appropriate fiscal and organizational questions to be asked during the development of an SD or equivalent program within my college. Most heartening is (1) the ability of faculty to form broad multidisciplinary groups that include faculty from the humanities , economics, environmental science, and engineering, and (2) the great level of community and corporate support. Most discouraging is the observation that support from university administrations was difficult to obtain. Perhaps this is because administrators were thinking about long-term funding and, indeed, when external funding ceased in some described programs, continuation became even more difficult. The chapter I find most compelling is ''The role of the humanities and social sciences in education and sustainable development'' because it raises issues that I, with a disciplinary background in environmental microbiology, have not really considered. For example, problems arose because the meaning of SD was not self-evident to everyone and because the interpretation of the term differed depending on academic discipline. The authors in this chapter discuss their own disciplinary perspectives and how they affect their interactions with their students in history, sociology, political science, and philosophy. Gray (the political scientist) was concerned that …


This paper is based on the Moran's I coefficient and Geary's c coefficient, and with the support of SAS statistical analysis software, using the spatial analysis of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei's per capita GDP and Geographical coordinates together. The research results show that the Moran's I coefficient is 0.098, Geary's c coefficient is 0.868, which is showing that there is a positive correlation between Beijing-Tianjin- Hebei region's city economy. But the degree of correlation is low, which is showing that Beijing-Tianj-Hebei collaborative development is still in the initial stage, and regional economic integration has not fully realized.


Such books have received a dual response among some clergymen, and an ambivalent one among others. Some clergymen have "streamlined" their own preaching ministry to imitate this pattern of reaching people "where they are." Many large cities now have certain pastors who make the "counseling sermon" a sort of "long suit," at best; a "hobby," at a less competent level; and a "song-and-dance" sort of repetitiousness, at worst. On the other hand, other ministers show a marked hostility toward the "superficiality" of such approaches, criticize covertly in their sermons, and reject the "lack of theological depth" which they sense here. For instance, James Pike, in a book of published sermons entitled Beyond Anxiety, speaks of "hidden secularist packages wrapped up in the same package with psychological truth." Further, he says that "preachers and counselors often hold forth God as a means to an end ... God becomes a tool for man's advantage. Religion becomes a 'resource' for personal fulfillment ... a way to sleep better ... This, of course, is to make man God, and is ultimately irreligious." It should be obvious that the counselor himself is frequently being "used" to sustain rather than to remove the need of the neurotic individual for a permanent leaning post. Some theologians take a similarly veiled approach to Peale's emphasis. For example, Albert Outler, in his recent book, Psychotherapy and the Christian Message, says:


In the era of precision farming, the wise administration of water as well as the correct management of mineral nutrition is of outmost importance to reduce the agricultural inputs [...]