This paper aims to study the electroosmotic nanofluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in a microchannel with porous walls by paying due attention to the interaction of the injected fluid velocity and the net charge density in the base fluid on the development of zeta potential and
 electroosmotic slip velocity. The novelty of this study is to obtain the integral expression for electroosmotic slip velocity which is found to converge to Smoluchowski velocity when the injected fluid velocity is low and porous permeability of channel wall becomes negligible. Under a weak
 electric field condition, the enhancement of pressure gradient is found to increase the normalized temperature and decrease the normalized nanoparticle concentration. The bulk nanofluid temperature is found to follow an almost quadratic relationship with applied pressure gradient. Additionally,
 in the absence of injection velocity, we observed a new expression for Soret number as a ratio of the cross sectional nanoparticle concentration to Joule heating parameter. Finally, a comparative study on the total entropy generation is carried out to minimize the loss of thermal energy due
 to irreversible physical mechanisms such as heat transfer, viscous dissipation and Joule heating effects that take place during the fluid flow process in a microchannel. It is thereby observed that the total entropy generation follows a quadratic relation with the Joule heating parameter in
 the absence of both injection and viscous dissipation. The increment in diffusive Reynolds number reduces EDL thickness near the upper channel bed. With an increment in the applied pressure gradient, the normalized temperature increases whereas the normalized nanoparticle concentration reduces.


Background  Inhibitors of mutant BRAF are emerging as standard of care in patients with metastatic melanoma carrying relevant oncogenic mutations. Cutaneous reactions are frequent and significant. We conducted a systematic prospective dermatological review of all patients enrolled at a single institution in the phase I/II clinical trial of the mutant BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib (GSK2118436).


The completion of sapienization about 35000 years ago is signified by the ability to devise and maintain cultural systems for dealing with the environment and with other humans which were significantly more effective and elaborate than those of earlier hominids. Upper Paleolithic societies achieved unprecedented levels of demographic and territorial expansion. Their average rate of population growth was double pre-sapien levels and they managed the increasingly difficult environments. The Far North the tropics Australia the Pacific islands and the New World were all colonized during this Upper Paleolithic time. These demographic and territorial successes did come with a high price such as global warming deforestation species extinction severe air and water pollution endemic poverty and growing population numbers. The conclusions that can be drawn are that societies that chose short and moderate time scales in which to make decisions may not maximize their efficiency or the sustainable use of the environment but rather their total power output in whatever way is permitted by the available environment. The only way to relate sustainability to success is to operate in a closed system or take a long term view; however it is not within the realm of everyday human experience to make decisions in this way.


This study looks into the effectiveness of AI-powered adaptive learning systems in mathematics education, with the goal of discovering how they affect student engagement and learning results. The study assessed engagement metrics and pre- and post-assessment scores among students in both experimental and control groups using a quantitative research technique. The results showed that the experimental group, which used the AI-powered platform, had greater engagement metrics, such as interaction frequency and length, than the control group. Furthermore, the experimental group's post-assessment scores increased significantly, showing better mathematical competency. These findings are consistent with previous studies, emphasizing the individualized learning routes enabled by AI technologies. This study highlights the potential of AI-powered adaptive learning systems to modify existing educational paradigms by comparing and contrasting with earlier studies. The ramifications of these findings for educators, politicians, and researchers are examined, highlighting the importance of intelligent technological integration in education while also addressing ethical concerns. While this study provides useful insights, it also admits limits and offers future research directions. These findings provide useful information for utilizing AI's potential to enhance mathematics education and pave the path for a more effective and inclusive learning environment in the age of technology-driven education.


Governor Jodi Rell put the kibosh on the proposed new "University hospital", on fiscal austerity grounds, before the public debate had barely started. Nonetheless, the joint proposal by the UConn Health Center and Hartford Hospital raised some hard questions that elected officials will have to grapple with in coming years. Apparently, we do need to do something about the Health Center's John Dempsey hospital. But should that "something" entail building a new hospital? And should we "do something" in Farmington rather than in Hartford? Definitive answers ought to turn on the relative costs and benefits of different strategies.


Abstract The odonate larval communities in three small rivers in Penang Island were studied. More species of dragonflies were found in the Botanical Garden and Titi Teras rivers (13 and 11 respectively) of relatively similar environmental parameters. Fewer (nine) dragonfly species were collected from the Youth Park River which has a lower dissolved oxygen (DO) and a higher biological oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity and turbidity. A mixture of sand, gravel and pebble substrate of Botanical Garden River with dense growth of submerged Hydrilla, grasses and Cladias (Araceae) provided suitable habitats for the dragonflies. The sandy substrate and relatively fast flowing water of Titi Teras River was highly preferred by gomphids. In the Youth Park River, the small community of dragonfly larvae was dominated by tolerant Pseudagrion rubriceps, P. microcephalum, Orthetrum chrysis and Crocothemis servilia. Based on the larval instar distribution of Ictinogomphus decoratus and O. chrysis, very asynchronous populations of these dragonflies occurred in each river. Young larvae were continuously introduced into the populations resulting in undulating growth rate curves. The growth rates of these two species were higher in the Titi Teras River when compared to those in other rivers. Density-dependent mortality, asynchronous cannibalism and fish predation could play important roles in regulating the larval dragonfly population in these rivers.


The present status of the city's competitive power in Shanxi is characterized by the following:the prefecture-level cities are of weak competitive power while the cities rich in coal resources are of strong power,and so are the cities with the obviously advantageous location.To promote the city's competitive power in Shanxi,the first step is to promote the provincial capital——Taiyuan's competitive power,give full scope to its unique radiation,and at the same time to take full advantage of the resources,adhere to the sustainable developing course.Furthermore,every prefecture should give full scope to its own advantage,develop its unique industry.


Data about species structure and quantity of amphibians and reptiles in 6 reserves and 3 preserves, situated on the territory of the mid-Volga, are given. Information about rare and vanishing species of amphibians and reptiles, registered in the regional Red data books, is considered. Necessary measures, aimed at the preservation of fauna of lower terrestrial vertebrates in the mid-Volga, are presented.


: In this letter, aperture ef fi ciency of re fl ectarrays is enhanced using an ef fi cient full-wave method. The full-wave method deals with the effect of real mutual coupling between all re fl ectarray elements exactly during its design process. Resultant long CPU time is greatly reduced by developing an ef fi cient algorithm which is optimized for the vector supercomputer. Numerical simulation shows that the aperture ef fi ciency of the re fl ectarrays can be enhanced using the proposed method. The proposed method is computationally ef fi cient and applicable for various design targets.


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of profitability, capital intensity, leverage, company size, audit quality, company age, and sales growth on tax avoidance proxied by Current Effective Tax Rate (CETR). The population of this study amounted to 182 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2021. The method for data collection uses purposive sampling. The research sample amounted to 80 companies consisting of 240 data. Statistical testing in this study used multiple regression analysis methods. This study proves that profitability, leverage, company size, and audit quality affect tax avoidance. Meanwhile, capital intensity, company age, and sales growth do not affect tax avoidance. High profitability will affect the tax burden, and the company will practice tax avoidance. The company has high leverage, so the interest rates on intensive tax are getting smaller, and the company will not practice tax avoidance. The company has a large company size, so it will make good plans to practice tax avoidance. KAP audited the company The Big Four will be more thorough and detailed about the company's financial statements.


Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) represents half of the cases of liver cirrhosis, making it the dominant cause of advanced liver disease globally. Moreover, ALD is one of the main indications for liver transplantation (LT) in both Europe and the United States. To date, the most effective therapeutic approach in patients with ALD has been prolonged alcohol abstinence. Few reports have investigated the efficacy of targeted therapies in patients with ALD. Most ongoing clinical trials are focused on alcoholic hepatitis, which is characterized not only by fibrosis, but also by profound liver failure and cholestasis. In this severe condition, prednisolone improves only 1-month survival, whereas the long-term survival is heavily influenced by alcohol relapse. In patients with compensated ALD, few attempts have been made to attenuate disease progression. Most approaches have focused on antioxidant and antifibrogenic drugs (i.e., angiotensin blockers), but the results have mostly been negative. Establishing total abstinence from alcohol consumption leads to better clinical outcomes for all forms of ALD and is the most important factor determining long-term survival in patients with more severe forms such as alcoholic hepatitis and/ or alcohol-related cirrhosis. Few studies have assessed the efficacy of motivational and/or pharmacological interventions to promote abstinence in patients with ALD. In addition to counseling, anticraving drugs such as baclofen (a gamma-aminobutyric acid B


The invention discloses a method for measuring the trace moisture content in borate compound. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: injecting the borate compound into a sealed bottle with a drying agent, mixing for 5 to 60 minutes, standing, and extracting liquid; (2) injecting an organic solvent, washing, standing, extracting liquid, and repeating the steps for 3 to 5 times; (3) heating by a portable butane cooker, introducing a drying carrier gas to carry moisture volatizing from the drying agent to a Kari Fishcher moisture meter, and measuring the weight of the volatizing moisture; (4) weighting the drying agents in the same batch and with the same weight for repeating the steps (2) and (3) to carry out blank tests to obtain a blank moisture weight; and (5) and calculating the trace moisture content in the borate compound by dividing the difference between the volatizing moisture weight and the blank moisture weight by the sampling weight of the borate compound. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of being simple in operation, and high in practicability, the repeatability of the measured result is good, and the quantification limit can reach 50mug/g at least.


The purpose of this paper is to outline the political and space economy
of fire hazard in the chaparral-covered hillsides of California.
The tragic Oakland fire briefly focused national attention on the recurrent
natural hazard of brushfire on the montane fringes of California
urban areas and the Los Angeles fires of Fall, 1993, have set off another
brief flurry of reportage. Unlike coverage of the Midwest flooding of
1993, however, media analysis never addressed the
larger social and environmental context of such brushfires in California.
As many geographers have noted, such events are not disasters or natural
hazards as things-in-themselves.
The first section of this paper reviews relevant background concepts
in prior hazards work in geography and related disciplines, while the
second presents the hypotheses guiding this study. The third section
sketches the ecological functions of fire in chaparral and the mechanisms
by which chaparral ensures its occurrence. The fourth section addresses
cultural and economic factors in Southern California that create the chaparral
fire hazard. The last section distinguishes risk and vulnerability
and examines processes allocating each across space and social strata.


Several studies have shown that both terminal oxygen atoms of biliverdin are derived from molecular oxygen. Since the conversion of verdohemochrome to biliverdin has been assumed to be hydrolytic, these findings seemed to exclude verdohemochrome as an intermediate in the degradation of heme to biliverdin. Coupled oxidation of myoglobin and ascorbate yielded a pure preparation of verdohemochrome IXa. The structure and ferrous state of this product were determined from its eomposi-tion, ligand reactions, 1H NMR spectrum, and conversion to biliverdin Ia dimethyl ester. Reaction with ascorbate and 1802 converted this compound to biliverdin that contained an atom of 180. Successive treatment of verdohemochrome, first oxidation with H202 and then reduction with phenylhydrazine, yielded the iron complex of biliverdin. These results showed that hydrolysis is not an obligatory step in the conversion of verdohemochrome to biliverdin and, moreover, indicated how heme can be converted, with verdohemochrome as an intermediate, into biliverdin in which the two terminal oxygen atoms are derived from different 02 molecules. hemiketal. Im, proximal imidazole in the heme crevice of myoglobin; py, pyridine; pi, 2-picoline; 2H, ascorbate in reaction 1 and ascorbate or phenylhydrazine in reactions 6 and 8.


General relativity makes clear predictions about the spacetime geometry around black holes. In the near future, new facilities will have the capability to explore the metric around SgrA*, the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of our Galaxy, and to open a new window to test the Kerr black hole hypothesis. In this paper, we compute light curves and images associated with compact emission regions (hot spots) orbiting around Kerr and non-Kerr black holes. We study how the analysis of the properties of the radiation emitted by a hot spot can be used to test the Kerr nature of SgrA*. We find that the sole observation of the hot spot light curve can at most constrain a combination of the black hole spin and of possible deviations from the Kerr solution. This happens because the same orbital frequency around a Kerr black hole can be found for a non-Kerr object with a different spin parameter. Second order corrections in the light curve due to the background geometry are typically too small to be identified. While the observation of the hot spot centroid track can potentially bound possible deviations from the Kerr solution, that is out of reach for the near future for the Very Large Telescope Interferometer instrument GRAVITY. The Kerr black hole hypothesis could really be tested in the case of the discovery of a radio pulsar in a compact orbit around SgrA*. Radio observations of such a pulsar would provide precise estimates of the mass and the spin of SgrA*, and the combination of these measurements (probing the weak field) with the hot spot light curve information (probing the strong field) may constrain/find possible deviations from the Kerr solution with quite good precision.


Since the beginning of Humanity history, women are one of
the main focuses of attention. They have a lot of duties; have to
adopt specific behaviors and to be good mothers and good wives..


. Two models of anomalous diffusion of cosmic ray in the leaky-box approximation [1] are compared: one of them is based on the decoupled time-space L´evy flights and the other on fractional walks with a finite free motion velocity. Distributions of first passage time and paths are computed and evolution of diffusion packets to equilibrium state is shown. Calculations demonstrate essential difference between the two models: the coupled scheme gives more realistic results.


The composite salt layer of the Kuqa piedmont zone in the Tarim Basin is characterized by deep burial, complex tectonic stress, and interbedding between salt rocks and mudstone. Drilling such salt layers is associated with frequent salt rock creep and inter-salt rock lost circulation, which results in high challenges for safe drilling. Especially, the drilling and completion processes of the salt-gypsum layers of one typical group are found with frequent downhole accidents and complex issues, such as hole shrinkage, sticking, well kick, and lost circulation, which leads to high difficulties in delivering desirable cementing quality and severely hinders the subsequent safe rapid drilling. Reaming while drilling can effectively enlarge the wellbore diameter, provide extra tolerance for creep shrinkage of salt layers, and ultimately help to shorten drilling time, reduce accidents and complex issues, and improve the lifecycle of wells. In this research, a numerical simulation method was developed to invert the creep laws of composite salt layers, based on reaming while drilling. It is generally believed that the dislocation creep mechanism is dominant in coarse-grained salt rocks, while the pressure solution creep mechanism is dominant in fine-grained salt rocks. Here a well in the Dabei area was taken as an example and the numerical simulation of hole shrinkage at the wellbore scale was performed, based on the actual data before and after reaming and also the theoretical analysis of the two salt rock creep mechanisms and corresponding laws. Furthermore, the inversion results were validated using field data. This research discussed the selection of creep parameters and their variation, in cases of the dominance of the dislocation creep and pressure solution creep mechanisms. This presented method can accurately predict the creep behavior of salt layers and can be used as an effective supplement tool for other test methods like laboratory experiments.


We present a case of celiac sprue in which the diagnosis was first suggested by the demonstration of intussusception on abdominal CT


Background: Conventional and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) have been used to identify Mycobacterium ulcerans in separate studies and different specimens. However, the sensitivities of these three techniques have not been compared in a single study. Objective: This study compared the performance of two variant PCR techniques and LAMP assays to detect M. Ulcerans in same clinical specimens. Methods: Samples were collected from patients suspected of Buruli ulcer disease (BUD) in Southern Ghana. Ulcerative and non-ulcerative forms of the disease were swabbed and aspirated respectively. Insertion sequence 2404 (IS2404) M. ulcerans targets were detected in each sample using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Results: In all, 141 suspected BUD patients were sampled (Amasaman, n = 52; Obom, n = 17; Paakro, n = 31; Nkawie, n = 21 and Tepa, n = 20). The reference technique, nested PCR, detected M. ulcerans in 122 (86.5%) whereas conventional PCR and BU-LAMP detected M. ulcerans in 104 (73.7%) and 119 (84.4%) samples respectively. Compared to nested PCR, conventional PCR performed poorly (x2 = 19.7, p < 0.01; κ = 0.58; % agreement = 86.62) while BU-LAMP was as good as nested PCR (x2 = 0.457, p = 0.459; κ = 0.88; % agreement = 97.16). Sensitivity of conventional PCR and BU-LAMP were 84.6% (95% CI: 76.9-90.4) and 97.5% (95% CI: 92.9-99.5) respectively. BU-LAMP and nested PCR detected M. ulcerans in ulcerative forms of the disease and category II lesions better while the three techniques did not differ in sensitivities in other clinical forms and lesion categories. Conclusion: BU-LAMP assay is very comparable to nested PCR in detecting M. ulcerans from clinical specimens. More importantly, LAMP assay is user-friendly, fast, requires less instrumentation and easy to use in resource-limited laboratory with minimal user training.


Two challenges need to be addressed in designing active network management (ANM) for distribution networks that use non-firm connection agreements for quicker and cheaper connections of distributed energy resource (DER). First is the replacement of scripted actions based on priority lists by real-time selection of actions offered as ancillary services and judged on efficacy and cost. Second is the need to decentralize or distribute ANM decision making to avoid unrealistic communication and computation burdens as the number of controllable devices increases. This paper proposes a distributed form of ANM for radial networks, based on local estimation of the voltage sensitivities to offered adjustments of real or reactive power and then uses message passing between local controllers to arrive at near-optimum choices of actions. To manage a voltage constraint, the minimum volume (or cost) of ancillary services is found by selecting services from DERs with highest voltage sensitivity to the service offered. A method of sensitivity estimation for individual nodes is extended to all terms of the inverted Jacobian matrix. The accuracy of this approximation is discussed and explored in a case-study network. The format of message passing from one local controller to another is described. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed distributed ANM closely approaches the solution found by a centralized optimal power flow. It is confirmed that the use of locally estimated voltage sensitivity to identify the most effective DER can minimize the volume of power flow adjustment service that the ANM needs to manage voltage and thermal constraints.


A difficulty has risen in estimation of non-point source load of large-or medium-scale watershed in China owing to shortage of observation data.Aiming at this issue,this paper presents a new method based on the in-situ data available from hydrological stations and a calculation model.This model considers various factors of land use and hydrological geographical conditions,etc.and adopts hydrograph division and mathematical optimization methods for model calibration.It was applied to the Tieling reach of Liao river and achieved an accuracy of 15% in comparison with the pollution data surveyed in 2009.As a method based on abundant hydrological data,it is easy to implement on computer for a quick calculation and analysis of non-point pollution.


An insertion-type stack package is provided to solve a problem caused by thermal stress accompanied by a solder junction process in a conventional unit package stacking process by inserting unit packages into a cabinet substrate having slots so that an electrical connection is embodied by a mechanical contact. A plurality of connection pads are formed at the edge of both sides of one surface of a unit package(120). Slots(143) into which both edges of the unit package including the connection pad are inserted in a horizontal direction are vertically formed at regular intervals in a cabinet substrate(140). A substrate pad(152) is electrically connected to the inner surface of the slots confronting the connection pad by a mechanical contact with the connection pad. An interval between the vertically adjacent slots is greater than the thickness of at least the unit package.


This article examines gender and age differences in Dalit attitudes towards caste inequality, using interviews and ethnographic fieldwork conducted among Madigas in Andhra Pradesh (AP). Madigas express a range of views about their position in society. Some oppose ideas of untouchability and espouse ideologies of equality. They deny the existence of caste and have no respect for what they see as the dying remnants of the old order. Others (especially elderly women) accept patronage and subordination in return for cash and security and exploit the old forms of subservience and deference. The paper argues that Madigas reject 'caste–as–hierarchy' and make use of 'caste–as–identity' and attempt to use their caste status as a resource which can be invoked when it is beneficial, and downplayed when it is not.


A technical challenge in robotic soft material cutting is to avoid large local deformations that result in inaccuracies or failure of the task. Additionally, reducing procedure time and human errors that occur due to fatigue and monotony are two of the most anticipated advantages of using robots in execution of repetitive subtasks for minimally invasive surgery. In our paper, we evaluate pattern cutting tasks of 2D elastic materials with shared control using the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK). For this purpose, we developed a shared autonomy motion generator framework for pattern cutting. The framework registers user-defined Cartesian positions, creates smooth splines, interpolates the Cartesian positions, and generates a trajectory with Cartesian and joint constraints. While a pre-planned trajectory is being executed, the user may provide Cartesian offsets to modify the trajectory. We repeatedly cut shapes on 3 materials with different elasticity. Our shared control method achieved 100% success rate while performing a circular cutting task in a sheet of gauze. The user input compensated for deformations due to tearing. Task completion time of those experiments was 86 seconds (median) / 88 seconds (mean). Median and mean errors were 3.1 mm and 3 mm, respectively. Our work improves the success rate and time of completion of published pattern cutting tasks.


At the International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Vienna in 2005 a decision to 'conserve' the name Acacia for the Australian species outraged many of us. The challenge being mounted against the hijacking of the name is based not only on misrepresentation, and a sleight of hand voting mechanism engineered in Vienna by the chairman of the nomenclatural committee, but on legal and moral grounds as a case of stealing African Intellectual Property Rights. This proposed name change goes well beyond the botanical taxonomic community because it has global significance, not least of all for the African tourism industry.


VirtualizationincloudcomputinghasbeenusedincombinationwithenvironmentsPlatformas a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in order to provide performance, isolation, and scalability. However, containers and virtual machines (VMs) are susceptible to the vulnerabilities present in the core of operating system as well as container solutions, which are a risk for information and service operation of all entities sharing a same host. The safety recommendation guides aims to mitigate the security in this scenario, but the selection of containerization solutions taking into account security requirements is a complex task. Thus, we propose a security taxonomy focused on containers to cloud computing in order to assist the classification and evaluation containers security mechanisms and solutions.


This case study examines 12 interviews structured according to Peplau's model of interpersonal relationships with a 17-year-old adolescent diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome. He said he had problems with socialisation, and talks were held with his mother and clinical assistant doctor after the researcher's consultation. During the analysis phase, "deterioration in social interaction" and "fear of self-harm" attempts for nursing diagnoses were planned and implemented with the cooperation of researchers and adolescents. The adolescent stated that family support motivated him to develop his social skills, while the family expressed that the skills gained were permanent. As a result of an application based on the nursing model, the adolescent achieved therapeutic benefit after intervention. Status study designs are believed to be studies that reveal the impact of concepts on an individual's life and require application for the nurse who takes the individual to the center.


The present invention provides a solar cell device structures and manufacturing methods. The device has a cover element, which element comprises a surface region and a back region. The apparatus further includes a plurality of photovoltaic regions disposed in a surface region of the rear cover element. In a preferred embodiment, the plurality of photoelectric regions occupy the entire area of the photo space. The device has a cover member covering a portion of the sealing material and the sealing member coupled to said front cover member. The cover member and at least along a peripheral region of the cover member before providing the interface region. Sealing region is formed on at least the interface region from the front to the rear cover member and the solar cell element formed separately. In a preferred embodiment, the individual solar cells, photoelectric than the entire spatial region / surface area of the back cover is about 0.80 and less.


The adsorption of ammonia on unsupported and alumina supported copper, nickel and cobalt catalysts was studied employing temperature programmed desorption. No ammonia desorption was observed in the experiments carried out with the unsupported metal powders. Nickel and cobalt showed desorption of nitrogen and hydrogen, whereas with copper only nitrogen desorption was observed. On the alumina supported metal catalysts the desorbing gases were ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen with ammonia as major desorbing species. The investigations indicate that the adsorption of ammonia at 570 K leads to nitride formation on the metal surfaces. The amount of metal nitride formed increases in the sequence: copper, nickel, cobalt. Hydrogen suppresses the nitride formation. This is shown by comparative desorption experiments on catalyst samples which were exposed to hydrogen after exposure to ammonia. The rate of the metal nitride reduction is larger on nickel and cobalt than on copper. This is ascribed to the lower activity of the copper for hydrogen dissociation.


The English language is an international language used to enhance communication in all parts of the world. Countries that do not use English as their first language experience challenges while on international forums as their ability to communicate is curtailed. Females, especially those with visual impairment problems, are mostly affected. This study aimed to investigate the challenges faced by visually impaired female students when studying English at Taif University. The study adopted a narrative inquiry approach. The researcher randomly selected the study participants from visually impaired female students who had an average understanding of English. Data were collected by administering structured interviews. Online questionnaires were used to collect data from foreign language instructors. The study finding indicated that learners found learning English easy, though faced with challenges in the classroom, curriculum design that is not wholly inclusive of the visually impaired, and lack of learning materials such as PDFs, audios, and visuals. Simultaneously, foreign language instructors had not attended any course to teach English to the visually impaired. Based on the study findings, teachers and students required training to understand and handle the VI (visually impaired) students with more attention since there is no direct provision in the department.


RTeJournal - Fachforum fur Rapid Technologie, Vol. 2017, Iss. 1 - Guidelines concerning safety in additive manufacturing are not available yet (VDI [2], ISO [3], ASTM [4]) and the topic is not completely evaluated. Dust measurements for Laser beam melting of metals are performed with an aerosol spectrometer, filter-based air samplers and a condensation particle counter determining the occupational exposure along an exemplary process chain.


This report describes the case of a 45-year-old Korean female who had suffered from Behçet's syndrome for two years with a huge, unruptured aneurysm originating from the left coronary sinus. The aneurysm had caused myocardial and aortic insufficiency by compressing the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery. The orifice of the aneurysm was at the left coronary sinus, about 5mm from the left main coronary ostium, and it was filled with organized thrombi. Surgical repair was performed by closing the entrance of the aneurysm with a Dacron patch and by implementing aortic valve repair and coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient's coronary flow was restored postoperatively, and all anginal symptoms disappeared.


The globalization of pipes and smoking in the early modern world is often thought of as a linear movement from the Americas to Africa and Eurasia. While this is true of tobacco smoking, other early modern cultures of smoking (such as the use of cannabis pipes) diffused from sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, not from the Americas. This article traces the technological, linguistic, and cultural translations of smoking in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, with a focus on the Atlantic world. These movements provoked significant new questions. Early modern smokers (and their critics) grappled with the question of how pipes and other "pyric technologies" of elemental transformation interacted with the body and mind—and with debates about racialized theories of health, long-distance travel, the African slave trade, and the translatability of knowledge and habits.


large number of smaller sacs, one mass, attached in the pelvis by a single pedicle about an inch thick. This was divided, and secuired by a clamp with a ligature beneath it; and the sides of the wound were brought together with sutures. The intestines were scarcely seen, and little or no fluid escaped into the peritoneuri. The contents of the cysts varied from a straw-coloured, thin, but viscid, fluid, to one of a brown colour and gluey consistence; and some of the fluid sparkled with scales of cholesterine, which exhibited very perfect plates under the microscope. The whole mass, tumour and fluid, weighed two stone. After the operation, she suffered great pain; but was much relieved by a drachm of tincture of opium; in the evening, fifteen-minim doses were repeated every four hours. Barley-water and tea were also taken, though several times rejected by vomiting; for which soda-water was given. April 22nd. The patient passed a quiet night. Pulse 93; tongue moist. She had no further sickness; but a rather frequent cough, and an anxious expression. The catheter was passed night and morning. The opiates were continued. At 4 P.M., she was perspiring freely. April 23rd. She vomited several times in the night; pulse 120; free perspiration; abdomen painful. 6 P.m. She was in great pain; the pulse was failing; the extremities were rather cold; the abdomen was very tympanitic. An assafoetida enema was given; and six ounces of brandy were ordered. Slhe died at 11 P.M. SECTIO CADAVERIS. The stomach and intestines were much distended with flatus; and there was about a quart of bloody serum in the peritoneal cavity. The small intestines were deeply injected; and their folds were agglutinated by recent lymph. The pedicle was quite free from any signs of inflammation. The uterus and left ovary were healthy. There was no other disease. CASE ii. Elizabeth Cherry, aged 39, was admitted into the Infirmary three months ago, for swelling of the legs, when two tumours were found in the abdomen, one on each side, firm, but distinctly elastic, of which she herself was before unconscious. Her health, at that time, was not much affected, though she suffered from occasional pains in the abdomen; and, being unwilling to undergo any operation, she was discharged. After leaving, she became rapidly worse, the abdomen also increasing in size; and three weeks before her last admission, she was tapped on the left side, when three pints of brownish viscid fluid were evacuated. She was unmarried; menstruation ceased six months ago, having been imperfect for a year previously. June 7th. She was re-admitted, in a very low andl emaciated state. PuLlse 104, feeble; tongue dry and irritable. The abdomen was much swollen and tense and its superficial veins were enlarged. It was dull on percussion, except at the upper part; and on the left side, a firm, but distinctly fluctuating tumour, could be felt on pressure. Both legs were slightly cedematous. She was ordered to have fifteen minims of tincture of opium, with the same quantity of chloric ether, every four hours; and to have milk-diet and ten ounces of brandy. June 9th. She was frequently sick, and much weaker; she could not lie down in the bed. Sodawater was ordered. June 11th. She was wasting rapidly; took little nourishment, and was almost constantly sick. Ten ains of bicarbonate of potash were added to the daught. The sickness afterwards abated; but she sank and died on the 16th. SECTIO CADAVERIS. The lungs and heart were healthy. The omentum and intestines were greatly thickened all over by a white cancerous deposit. On the left side of the pelvis, there was slight local peritonitis over a tumour of about the size of a cocoanut; and, on separating the adhesions, the mark of former tapping was visible. The tumour was so adherent, that it was impossible to remove it entire; and, it being torn, a viscid, reddish fluid escaped. The tumour consisted of a sac containing fluid, with a solid mass of cancer at the lower part, adherent everywhere in the pelvis, and growing freely and sprouting out, as it were, into the interior of the sac. The solid portion had in parts the appearance of soft canicer; and, in others, contbained abundance of cheesy, yellow, semifluid substance, of a coilcid character. The right ovary presented similar disease, but less advanced; consisting of a sac of fluid, in;to the lower part of which sprouted a cancerous mass, which was adherent in the pelvis, and had more of the medullary character than the other ovary. OBSERVATIONS. The case of Elizabeth Harris appeared not an unfavourable one for operation, although she was advanced in age, and had been subjected to previous tappings; for her general health was good at the time, and the disease quite free from any suspicion of malignancy. The size and number of the cysts made them rather formidable during the operation; but fortunately they were all attached by a single pedicle. She progressed favourably at first; but peritonitis set in, and quickly terminated the case. The last case was %omewhat suspicious from the beginning, on account of the oedema of the lowuer extremities, though not sufficiently so to forbid operative measures ; but, on re-admission, her health was too seriouLsly affected, and there was every probability of the disease being of a malignant character; so that, though she had requested to be operated on, and had come in for that purpose, it was conside-ed inadvisable to accede to her wishes. After death, the tumours were found to be so extensively adherent, that, if any operation had been becrun, it could not have been completed.


We analyzed the appearance of two supersubstorms observed during storm on September 07, 2017. Supersubstorms (SSS) are called substorms with SML index < - 2500 nT. The storm on September 07, 2017 is famous event which was studied already in many papers. There were two several geomagnetic storms on 7 and 8 September 2017, which associated with two consecutive solar wind structures: SHEATH with EJECTA and SHEATH with magnetic cloud (MC). Because the first SHEATH have a positive IMF Bz on their front edge the substorm activity absent in this time. The main phase of the first magnetic storm began with arriving the second SHEATH with the strong negative IMF Bz. During this period the first night-side supersubstorm (up to ~ 3500 nT) developed. The second magnetic storm was caused by MC with the negative IMF Bz and the severe night-side supersubstorm (up to ~ 3500 nT) were registered in this time. Thus, during the 7-8 September 2017 storms, two supersubstorms were generated, these supersubstorms caused by the SHEATH and MC impact have demonstrated the global scale distribution.


In recent years,all of the latest large caliber howitzers in service or in development were equipped with advanced ammunition autoloader.By means of analyzing the ammunition autoloaders of six countries,including the United States,Germany,Sweden and so on,the information of them in aspects of structure,ammunition warehouse layout,work flow and firing rate were introduced.The main cha-racteristic of the autoloader in research and development is that the autoloader design was associated with the overall design of howitzer,multi-subjects fusion,emphasis on the creative design of mechanism and firing rate.The autoloader becomes much more complex along with the improved degree of automation of ammunition loading.The problem confronted with autoloader study is low reliability,non-automation of propellant loading and improvement of loading speed. The autoloader has become an important part of large caliber howitzer.Trend of autoloader of large caliber howitzer in research and development is informatization,modularization,improvement of the loading speed and reliability and so on.


We present a compact, portable and low cost generic interrogation strain sensor system using a fibre Bragg grating configured in transmission mode with a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) light source and a GaAs photodetector embedded in a polymer skin. The photocurrent value is read and stored by a microcontroller. In addition, the photocurrent data is sent via Bluetooth to a computer or tablet device that can present the live data in a real time graph. With a matched grating and VCSEL, the system is able to automatically scan and lock the VCSEL to the most sensitive edge of the grating. Commercially available VCSEL and photodetector chips are thinned down to 20 μm and integrated in an ultra-thin flexible optical foil using several thin film deposition steps. A dedicated micro mirror plug is fabricated to couple the driving optoelectronics to the fibre sensors. The resulting optoelectronic package can be embedded in a thin, planar sensing sheet and the host material for this sheet is a flexible and stretchable polymer. The result is a fully embedded fibre sensing system - a photonic skin. Further investigations are currently being carried out to determine the stability and robustness of the embedded optoelectronic components.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is received by the detector (20, 320), to a method and apparatus for analyzing two measured signals modeled to include a primary portion and a secondary portion. According to the model defined by the present invention, coefficients associated with the two measurement signals. In one embodiment, the present invention involves finding the appropriate coefficients using the transformation. In another embodiment, the present invention uses statistical functions or Fourier transform and window techniques to determine the coefficients associated with the two measurement signals. Use of the present invention are set forth in particular detail with respect to blood oximetry.


Abstract: This introduction argues that there is a need to engage in a fresh re-reading of Kawabata Yasunari. It proposes several possible approaches, including using Kawabata as a model for understanding processes of literary canonization, a rethinking of his reception around the globe during the Cold War period, and a historicization of his work in relation to the various censorship regimes that existed in twentieth-century Japan. It also provides brief summaries of the articles contained in this special issue.


U-Channel Bridge is effective bridge type, because its edge beam performs role of barrier and enables to reduce additional dead loads. Although it is effective to reduce additional dead loads, there is possibility of bridge collapse under impact load due to car crash. Also, edge beam must have ability to induce safe driving and prevent falling accidents. Therefore, it requires behavior analysis and property investigation through the vehicle impact crashing edge beam. This study presents method of structural analysis of U-channel bridge and investigates design specifications for the effect of the edge beam under the vehicle impact. Also, it carries out stability investigation of behavior of edge beam and slab, based on Korean Highway Bridge Design Specifications and AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification.


ABSTRACT: The present paper aims at analyzing the (re)actions of both teachers and assistants in Preschool Education when faced with babies' cries in interactions held at a Municipal School of Early Childhood Education (EMEI) in Belo Horizonte city in the state of Minas Gerais, relying on the literature and the reference documents for Preschool Education in both national and local levels. This is a Master's study of qualitative nature that had to participate observation as its main method in a group comprised of 12 babies, 4 teachers, and 1 assistant. The observations, carried out over the second half of 2017, were recorded in a field diary as well as through video recordings. Based on the analyses conducted, the (re)actions of both the teachers and the assistant were grouped into two categories: moments of improved connection with the principles and goals of EI, and moments of tension and contradiction with such principles and aims. Given the complexity of care and education work in daycare, we recommend either conducting further research on babies' expressions and the attitudes of teachers and assistants and reaffirming the importance of such professionals having systematic moments for reflection upon their teaching practice.


Vol. 12, No. 10, 2022, Pg. Abstract 31 August 1957, is a sacred date for Malaysia. Indeed, it is born from the struggles of its earlier generations. This paper seeks to reveal the roles, contributions and sacrifices that have been made by those labeled radicals in seeking independence. This study was completed by referring to historical documents such as British files and reports as well as personal records of those involved to confirm their involvement in the struggle for independence. The findings showed that the role of two great figures from Pahang, namely Ibrahim Haji Yaakub and Ishak haji Muhammad, was significant in the struggle for Malaysian independence. These forerunners of the struggle for independence have given a huge impact and meaning to Malaysia. Their deeds, contributions and sacrifices must be recognized by the nation.


Abstract In separation control with air-jet vortex generators in supersonic flow, the spacing of the jets in a row array has a crucial effect on the control effectiveness. Previous experimental studies have revealed the overall influence of jet spacing on air-jet vortex generator controlled shock-induced separation zones, focusing mostly on the separation regions. There is, however, a gap in knowledge regarding the mechanisms leading to these changes in control effectiveness, particularly on the interaction between multiple jets and the details of downstream flow evolution. Therefore, the objective of the current study is to provide detailed information on the underlying flow dynamics associated with the injection of a row of spanwise-inclined jets into a supersonic turbulent boundary layer – and in particular the effects of different jet spacings. Four different spacings were studied with large-eddy simulations. In addition, we performed oil-flow and schlieren visualizations of separation control in a 24$^\circ$ compression–ramp interaction with different jet-spacing configurations to validate and discuss our conclusions regarding the effects of jet/jet interactions on the separation-control effectiveness. We analyse the influence of jet spacing on the flow topology, induced vortical structures, and boundary-layer statistics. The jet-induced major vortex pair is the dominant flow structure energizing the near-wall boundary layer. The paper details how interactions amongst adjacent vortex pairs differ for varying jet spacings, thus influencing the momentum transfer and eventually the control efficiency. The dynamic behaviour of the flow was analysed using a three-dimensional dynamic mode decomposition. The resulting insights are key to the development of efficient control set-ups.


TRAS is the primary drug for breast tumors that overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) but tumors develop resistance within 1 year of treatment. Our objective is to determine whether combining dietary ALA‐rich FO with TRAS treatment will enhance TRAS effectiveness. HER2 overexpressing breast tumor cells (BT‐474) were tested for proliferation and HER2 level in vitro after treatment with ALA (50µM), TRAS (10µg/ml) or their combination. Compared with untreated control, ALA, TRAS and combination caused a 35%, 54% and 61% reduction in proliferation and a 23% increase and 19% and 88% reduction in HER 2 expression (p<0.05), respectively. Ovariectomized mice with BT‐474 tumors were fed the basal diet (BD) (control) or treated with TRAS (2.5 or 5mg/kg) and fed either the BD or BD supplemented with 8% FO for 4 weeks. Compared to control, both TRAS and FO+TRAS treatments caused significant reductions in tumor growth over time (P<0.05). Control tumors increased in size by 63% while tumor size with FO+TRAS2.5 was reduced by 85% which is greater than that with TRAS2.5 (16%) (p<0.05) and not significantly different from that with TRAS5, alone or with FO. FO+TRAS2.5 caused greater reduction ( 85%) in cell proliferation (Ki67 labeling index) than with TRAS2.5 alone (59%; p<0.05). In conclusion, ALA and ALA‐rich FO enhanced TRAS effects and combined FO and low dose TRAS was just as effective as high dose TRAS.


Abstract This article analyzes the submission of health pol-icy bills by the Legislative and Executive Branches in the Brazilian National Congress, since 1990. The study analyzes the health legislation passed by the National Congress from 1990 to 2006. The bills were analyzed by type, authorship, review time, and thematic content, considering the po-litical and institutional context. The Executive Branch passed 89.8% of its health bills, submitted budget issues and modified the approved budget, and ensured review and passage of its own bills six times faster than bills submitted by the Leg-islative itself. In conclusion, the policy process is imbalanced, with power concentrated in the Ex-ecutive, with the latter assuming the main role of filtering health policy demands, thus reflecting a persistently immature approach for institutions in the democratic process.Legislative Power; Executive Power; Health Policy; Health Legislation Introducao Os estudos sobre o Poder Legislativo no que con-cerne o contexto de consolidacao e exercicio do regime democratico no Brasil tomaram vulto na decada de 90 e intensificaram-se, principal-mente, a partir de 2000. Diferentes aspectos re-lacionados ao nosso sistema politico passaram a ocupar as agendas de pesquisa dos cientistas politicos, possibilitando o questionamento das regras estabelecidas na


The research object of this study is the provisions of the Provisional Constitutions of 1918, 1919 and 1920 concerning the establishment of the Lithuanian legal system. The aim of the study was to determine what was the basis for the reception of foreign law and the particularism of the law, what law was recepted and what was the relationship between it and the newly created national law. The main methods used are systematic, teleological, historical, linguistic, and comparative. This article presents an original vision of recepted law and a critical assessment of the interwar Lithuanian governmental decision to completely eliminate recepted law. In the authors' opinion, law reception and particularism enshrined in the Provisional Constitutions met the expectations of the citizens, and the government's ambition to completely eliminate recepted law in all areas of people's activities in the intensive development of the national law was in line with the strategic interests of the state and society. Particularism was a natural expression of pluralism inherent in the Western legal tradition and had a great potential for the development of Lithuanian law, which was not exploited due to the negative appreciation of particularism and the attempt to eliminate it completely.
Acts issued by the Russian authorities in 1914-1915 and by the German authorities in 1915-1918 restricted the rights of Lithuanian residents, severely restricted monetary and property relations, made it difficult to rebuild the country's economy, providing for repressive or restrictive measures against the citizens of hostile states. The restored state of Lithuania endeavoured to establish peaceful relations with all states, including those with whom Russia and Germany were at war. Cancelling the law imposed by the Russian and German authorities during the war was a reasonable and useful decision of the Lithuanian State authorities.
The interpretation of the constitutional provision «[laws] which existed before the war» as «which existed before August 1, 1914», common in the historical legal literature of Lithuania, is incorrect. The question what laws were recepted has to be addressed not by the date of the adoption o a certain act, but by its content – insofar it is linked or unrelated to the First World War. All acts by which the Russian Empire intervened or were preparing to intervene in this war shall be considered to be excluded from the legal system of the restored State of Lithuania in the sense of the constitutional norm «[laws] which existed before the war» and the general spirit of this Constitution.
The system of constitutional control entrenched in the Provisional Constitutions, where a court or an executive authority verified the compliance of a recepted law with the Constitution before applying it is subject to criticism from the standpoint of contemporary legal science, but under the conditions of Lithuania of 1918-1920, it was flexible, fast, allowing citizens to raise the issue of the constitutionality of the law and present their arguments.


Background— We hypothesized that the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) produces endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Methods and Results— In m Leprdb control mice, sodium nitroprusside and acetylcholine induced dose-dependent vasodilation, and dilation to acetylcholine was blocked by the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine. In type 2 diabetic (Leprdb) mice, acetylcholine- or flow-induced dilation was blunted compared with m Leprdb, but sodium nitroprusside produced comparable dilation. In Leprdb mice null for TNF (dbTNF−/dbTNF−), dilation to acetylcholine or flow was greater than in diabetic Leprdb mice and comparable to that in controls. Plasma concentration of TNF was significantly increased in Leprdb versus m Leprdb mice. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting showed that mRNA and protein expression of TNF and nuclear factor-&kgr;B were higher in Leprdb mice than in controls. Administration of anti-TNF or soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products attenuated nuclear factor-&kgr;B and TNF expression in the Leprdb mice. Immunostaining results show that TNF in mouse heart is localized predominantly in vascular smooth muscle cells rather than in endothelial cells and macrophages. Superoxide generation was elevated in vessels from Leprdb mice versus controls. Administration of the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), or anti-TNF restored endothelium-dependent dilation in Leprdb mice. NAD(P)H oxidase activity, protein expression of nitrotyrosine, and hydrogen peroxide production were increased in Leprdb mice (compared with controls), but these variables were restored to control levels by anti-TNF. Conclusion— Advanced glycation end products/receptor of advanced glycation end products and nuclear factor-&kgr;B signaling play pivotal roles in TNF expression through an increase in circulating and/or local vascular TNF production in the Leprdb mouse with type 2 diabetes. Increases in TNF expression induce activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and production of reactive oxidative species, leading to endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.


Objective To research on the value of markers on renal tubular injury in pediatric disease,and compare the value and specificity of the joint application on these markers in different diseases.Methods To use Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and colorimetry,from February 2007 to October 2007,the level of β2-MG,RBP,NAG,IgG,m-ALB in the urine of patients with renal injury by variety of causes can be detected,and compared with the group of 41 healthy control children group,applying SPSS13.0 statistical analysis software to analyze.Results The level of markers in urine of the nephrotic group were significantly higher than the normal control group P0.05,the joint application results are 100% positive.The measured levels of markers were significantly increased significantly(P0.05) than the other groups;in the diabetic group(Ⅰ,Ⅱ type),the determination of β2-MG,RBP,NAG in urine showed a higher level increased,there were significantly different between other groups(P0.05);there were higher determination level of urinary IgG,m-ALB in anaphylactoid purpura group,the level of IgG in group of anaphylactoid purpura and diabetes both increased and had no significant difference(P 0.05),and the level of m-ALB was significant difference between other groups(P0.05).Conclusion When kidney were injured by multiple causes,according to the different degree of causes,symptoms and signs of kidney damage,and so on,many changes on markers of renal injury can be measured,it can be assisted on detecting the site and degree of early clinical renal injury,it can guide clinicians to choose the correct treatment programs,use drug reasonably,judge and prognosis accurately.


The stress-strain relationship of linear visco-elastic materials is characterized by a complex-valued, frequency dependent elastic modulus (Young ' s modulus). Using system identification techniques it is shown in this paper how can be measured accurately in a broad frequency band from forced flexural (transverse) and longitudinal vibration experiments on a beam under free-free boundary conditions. The advantages of the proposed method are (i) it takes into account the disturbing noise and the nonlinear distortions, (ii) is delivered with an uncertainty bound, (iii) the low sensitivity to non-idealities of the experimental set up, and (iv) the ability to measure lowly damped materials. The approach is illustrated on plexiglass and copper.


On the basis of practical requirement of vehicle management informatization,the frame of vehicle management information system based on B/S is brought forward,and its operation information is investigated and researched,its function,characteristic and the key technology are analyzed with the current of technology of IT. And a vehicle management information system based on B/S struc-ture is developed by using dynamic web page techniques JSP,building ER model of relation data,controlling security of the system,JBOSS acted as application server and Microsoft SQL server 2000 as the database system.


We show how a quantum state in a microwave cavity mode can be transferred to and stored in a phononic mode via an intermediate magnon mode in a magnomechanical system. For this we consider a ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere inserted in a microwave cavity, where the microwave and magnon modes are coupled via a magnetic-dipole interaction and the magnon and phonon modes in the YIG sphere are coupled via magnetostrictive forces. By modulating the cavity and magnon detunings and the driving of the magnon mode in time, a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage-like coherent transfer becomes possible between the cavity mode and the phonon mode. The phononic mode can be used to store the photonic quantum state for long periods as it possesses lower damping than the photonic and magnon modes. Thus our proposed scheme offers a possibility of using magnomechanical systems as quantum memory for photonic quantum information.


We have performed a geometry optimization of a polydiacetylene (PDA) crystal called TCDU or poly(5,7-dodecadiyne-1,12-diyl-bis-phenylurethane) with a first-principles electronic-structure calculation method. We have obtained an enyne-type (i.e., acetylene-type) structure of the main chain. Furthermore, we have investigated effects of a conformational change of a sidegroup on the total energy and bandgap with a simple model.


_ This study was designed to assess and analyze parent, student, and teacher evaluation of specific aspects of the curriculum and science teaching in the Trinidad and Tobago elementary school system. The effect of teacher involvement in curriculum development on student interest, curriculum effectiveness, and student, parent, and teacher attitude to the curriculum was also examined; Three questionnaires were used that dealt with perceptions of parents, students, and teachers of the science curriculum. Analysis of the questionnaires indicated that most parents, students, and teachers found the curriculum to be exciting, effective, and interesting. Concerns about science and how to teach science were greatest among teachers with a weak science background. Tables of questionnaire results are included as well as a bibliography. (MO


The "stolen generation" in Australia are the many children of Aboriginal descent who were forcibly removed from the homes of their birth parents and placed in the homes of white families. This caused unspeakable trauma for the children and families and continues to affect many aboriginal peoples today. Samia (Helen) Goudie is using anthropology in combination with other fields to facilitate recovery from intergenerational trauma through cultural research, narrative, media arts, and other creative models. Goudie, from the east coast of Australia, is a member of the Bundjalung and Mununjali Nation from New South Wales. She is involved in a comparative research project with indigenous groups from Australia and the United States, believing that their traumatic experiences and stories have important common elements. Through shared experiences the project contributes to knowledge and promotes mutual understanding; the data and experience gained may be used in programs designed to help people recover from intergenerational trauma. Goudie holds a master's degree in social ecology, a diploma in sexual health counseling, and a PhD in indigenous trauma and grief from the Ginibi Indigenous Peoples College at Southern Cross University, where she is a Fulbright scholar and lecturer in Indigenous Health. She has studied natural medicine and healing, is a surf coach and lifesaver, and has a black belt in aikido. She has worked extensively with indigenous health and youth programs, and the wide range of her experience adds considerable depth in her approach to healing. Goudie is an award-winning independent filmmaker and has completed three television documentaries and a film, Us Deadly Mob. She now intends to make a documentary film for practitioners as part of a mediabased approach to promoting cultural, community, and individual wellness in exploring the recovery from intergenerational trauma. Goudie's research models creative applications to building social, spiritual, and community capacities for wellness in First Nation and indigenous communities. Using media and storytelling as an intervention process, she helps create first-person stories of "wellness." The goal is to shift from stories of trauma and fragility to stories of hope and resilience. By providing survivors of intergenerational trauma a space for their voices to be heard, Goudie works to foster emotional and spiritual healing for marginalized individuals and communities.


We present self-consistent general relativistic simulations of stellar core collapse, bounce, and postbounce evolution for 13, 15, and 20 solar mass progenitors in spherical symmetry. Our simulations implement three-flavor Boltzmann neutrino transport and standard nuclear physics. The results are compared to our corresponding simulations with Newtonian hydrodynamics and O(v/c) Boltzmann transport.


The judicial bodies of the World Trade Organization (WTO) operate virtually free from direct government influence. Yet they are also politically savvy and at times conform their rulings to the preferences of member states. This article employs original measures of judgment outcomes and aggregate levels of government support for the WTO's dispute settlement bodies to identify the conditions under which they do so. It finds that dispute panels tend to signal less deference to governments' regulatory choices—asserting international authority over a vast range of policy areas—only when they enjoy relatively greater support among the membership as a whole. Yet panels are not purely political actors, as they are accountable to a higher judicial authority. This article finds further that the legal constraints imposed by precedent moderate the influence of political pressures on panel validation of trade measures. In this way, panels simultaneously seek to maximize their support among their legal and their political audiences, thereby balancing greater legalism and predictability within the trade regime against continued flexibility for governments. ∗Visiting Assistant Professor, Boston University School of Law; Ph.D. candidate, Department of Government, Harvard University; J.D., Harvard Law School. Email: email@example.com. For helpful comments and useful discussions, I would like to thank Beth Simmons, Dustin Tingley, Mark Wu, Gerald Neuman, Rachel Brewster, Sara B. Mitchell, Karen Alter, Mikael Rask Madsen, Anton Strezhnev, Joan Cho, Emily Clough, George Yin, Zuzanna Godzimirska, Todd Tucker, and participants in the University of Copenhagen's iCourts Centre research workshop and the American Society of International Law's Mid-Year Meeting Research Forum. Elise Barankouski provided invaluable research assistance.


On January 29, 1992, the Bush Administration unveiled its fiscal year 1993 budget. An examination of the budget reveals a substantial gap between the administration's rhetoric concerning the budget and what the budget actually contains. An analysis reveals a budget that continues to give priority to defense over domestic spending, one that favors the very wealthy, one that has a lack of benefits to low-income families, and one that contains little to boost the economy in the short tcrm. The budget also risks retarding long-term growth rather than enhancing it and proposes that legislation be enacted placing a ceiling on total entitlement program costs each year. The budget weakens the finances of state and local governments. These issues, along with the Administration's proposal to merge 24 disparate programs into a mega-block grant to states, are discussed in the chapters of this document. Appended are tables that indicate the budget proposal's impact on the states, proposed changes in low-income funding (FY 1992-FY 1993), and a "New York Times" editorial. (RR) *********************************************************************** Reproductions ,,upplied by FORS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** THE FISCAL YEAR 1993 BUSH BUDGET Still Not Tackling the Nation's Problems


Objective
To investigate the incidence of post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing and its risk factors in children.

Methods
This study was conducted on patients with bronchiolitis admitted to the Department of Respiratory Disease, Children′s Hospital of Soochow University between November 2016 and March 2017.Nasopharyngeal secretions were taken from all patients and assessed for respiratory pathogens.After discharge, the patients were followed up every 3 months by outpatient visit or telephone call for 1 year.

Results
Eighty-nine patients with bronchiolitis were enrolled in this study.Among those 89 patients, respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) infection accounted for 46.1%(41/89 cases), Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) for 5.6%(5/89 cases), rhinovirus(RV) for 4.5%(4/89 cases), and human bocavirus(hBoV) for 2.2%(2/89 cases). Eighty-three patients were successfully followed up.At the 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of follow-up, the occurrence of wheezing episodes for only once happened in 20 cases(24.1%), 27 cases(32.5%), 35 cases (42.2%), and 38 cases(45.8%), respectively.At 12 months after initial bronchiolitis, the occurrence of wheezing episodes for only once happened in 21 cases(25.3%), 2 episodes of wheezing in 10 cases(12.0%), and 7 cases (8.4%) had more than 3 episodes of wheezing, and 6 cases lost follow-up.The proportion of eczema and milk-protein allergy in post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing group was significantly higher than that of the group with not post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing patients (χ2=6.219, 4.855, all P 0.05).

Conclusions
The incidence of recurrent wheezing among post-bronchiolitis patients is higher during one-year follow-up period.Eczema is the independent risk factor for post-bronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.The specific pathogens and severity of disease have no correlation with post-bronchiolitis wheezing.

Key words:
Bronchiolitis; Child; Recurrent wheezing; Respiratory syncytial virus; Eczema


To increase the embryonic and postembryonic viability of poultry, along with selection work, optimization of the microclimate parameters of poultry houses and rations, it is also advisable to develop resource-saving and environmentally friendly methods of using biologically active substances. It was shown that the treatment of eggs with a composition of solutions of natural metabolites (colamine, succinic acid and Ribav) in optimal concentrations stopped and prevented the negative effects of stress. Positive biochemical and morphological changes were observed in the development of chick embryos. An increase in chick withdrawal, a decrease in all incubation waste, an increase in the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes, and a decrease in the content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum of chickens were found.


Mango (Mangifera indica. L) is characterized by a high level of genetic variation in seedling population. Estimation of genetic advance is required for the expected genotypic progress of a particular character. Keeping this in view, genetic advances of year-round flowering mango (Mangifera indica. L) genotypes was carried out during 2019-2021 in farmer's field at Annur, Coimbatore. High Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) was found in fruit yield per tree was 30.63 per cent. The low GCV values were found for the traits viz., panicle length (6.61 %), days taken for flowering to fruit set (1.75%), days taken for flowering to fruit maturation (1.76 %), percentage of hermaphrodite flowers (5.38 %), sex ratio (5.18%). Whereas high values of heritability estimates were obtained for the traits viz., fruit yield per tree (99.43 %), number of panicles/tree (98.91 %), number of fruits per tree (97.74 %), panicle per sq.m of canopy (97.40 %). The high heritability along with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for fruit yield per tree (99.43, 62.91), number of panicles/tree (98.91, 46.84), number of fruits per tree (97.74, 43.03), panicle per sq.m of canopy (97.40, 28.64) indicates the possibility of improving these traits by selection since there is a wide range of variation and additive gene action exists for these traits. The traits viz., panicle per sq.m of canopy, panicle length, number of panicles/tree, sex ratio, number of fruits per tree were positively correlated with fruit yield per tree. Hence, the selection for these characters would improve fruit yield in mango.


Even though sensorial characteristics still play a considerable role, consumers value the presence of information for in-store baked bread. This information permits the consumers to compare between different alternatives that can lead to healthier purchases.


Patchouli oil is categorized in essential oil with it's main component Patchouli Alcohol, patchouli's leaves and stem contained this oil. Patchouli oil widely used in perfumes and cosmetic industries. Yield and quality of patchouli oil needs to be improved by using distillation method. Vacuum distillation also called low pressure distillation. To prevent the decomposition of organic coumpounds it is recommended to do distillation with this method. This distillation is mainly used for samples with boiling points above 150 0C. The principle of heating by using microwave is based on a direct collision with polar material or solvent and is regulated by two phenomenons which were ionic conduction and dipole rotation. In most cases, these two phenomenon walks simultaneously. Microwave vacuum distillation is a separation of a mixture based on the boiling point's differences by using a micro wave heatingwhich was more efisient than usual heating. This practicum is a patchouli oil refining which aims to increase patchouli alcohol's concentration by using micro wave vaccum distillation. While the analysis that conducted are : density analysis, viscosity analysis, acid number analysis, and Patchouli Alcohol's concentration analysis by using Gas Chromathography. From 6 times practicum with different length refining time obtained Patchouli Alcohol's concentration average 26,6% and a linear regression y= -0.0645x2 + 2.2626x +14.811 and R2 = 0.9468.


The oligotrophy of the southern Adriatic Sea is characterized by seasonal stratification which enables nutrient supply to the euphotic layer. A set of interdisciplinary methods was used to elucidate the diversity and co-dependency of bacterio- and phytoplankton of the water column during the stratification period of July 2021. A total of 95 taxa were determined by microscopy: 58 diatoms, 27 dinoflagellates, 6 coccolithophores, and 4 other autotrophs, which included Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, and Cryptophytes. Nanophytoplankton abundances were higher in comparison to microphytoplankton. The prokaryotic plankton community as revealed by HTS was dominated by Proteobacteria (41–73%), Bacteroidota (9.5–27%), and cyanobacteria (1–10%), while the eukaryotic plankton community was composed of parasitic Syndiniales (45–80%), Ochrophyta (2–18%), Ciliophora (2–21%), Chlorophytes (2–4%), Haptophytes (1–4%), Bacillariophyta (1–13%), Pelagophyta (0.5–12%) and Chrysophyta (0.5–3%). Flow cytometry analysis has recorded Prochlorococcus and photosynthetic picoeukaryotes as more abundant in deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM), and Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria as most abundant in surface and thermocline layers. Surface, thermocline, and DCM layers were distinct considering community diversity, temperature, and nutrient correlations, while extreme nutrient values at the beginning of the investigating period indicated a possible nutrient flux. Nutrient and temperature were recognized as the main environmental drivers of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton community abundance.


Nanosecond stimulated Raman and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy have been used to determine molecular vibrational frequency shifts and changes of phase in shock-compressed organic liquids. Results of dynamic experiments are compared to static Raman scattering measurements of samples, compressed and heated in a diamond-anvil cell. Objectives of the experiments are to determine the molecular structure and ultimately the energy transfer mechanisms in shock-compressed condensed phase materials.


The purposes of this study were to analyze the farmer education programs in Korea and to develop the strategies for improving its effectiveness. Questionnaires were used to collect data from institutes of farmer education. The framework of analysis was developed with four survey areas and 328 programs were analyzed based on it. The results show that the major learning domains of farmer education were concentrated on production skills and were overlapped with other training institutes. There was no systemic structure in whole programs for farmers. Evaluations for learning achievement were not fully implemented. It was recommended that there should be a system for improving quality of farmer education.


Objective Knee osteoarthritis is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting balance. It is also a risk factor for falling in older people. People with a history of falling, whether being injured or not, acquire a fear of potential falling, so they limit their functional activities, leading to decreased mobility, muscle weakness, and increased risk of falling in the future. Evaluating the relationship between balance and fear of falling in these patients can detect the disability mechanisms and falling and also help find more effective therapeutic methods for these patients. Some previous studies evaluated the stability of patients by clinical methods in static situations and related it to fear of falling. However, the walking stability of patients was not assessed by laboratory-based systems in previous studies. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate dynamic (during walking and based on the center of mass sways) and static stability (based on the center of pressure sways) and their relationship with falling risk in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A group of 15 subjects with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis with a Mean±SD age of 50±3.22 years and 15 normal subjects with comparable age, height, and weight participated in this study. The subjects' standing stability was evaluated using a Kistler force plate based on mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) displacements of the center of pressure. Also, the dynamic stability of the subjects was evaluated during walking and based on the center of mass-base of support relationship in AP and ML directions. Kinematic data were collected using a motion analysis system with 7 high-speed cameras and a Kistler force plate. To model the body segments, the output of Qualisys track manager software was exported to Visual 3D software. Fear of falling was assessed by the native version of the fall efficacy scale (FES-I). The normal distribution of data was checked by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The independent samples t-test was used to compare the stability of patients and normal subjects. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationships between static and dynamic stability parameters and fear of falling in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Results Patients with knee osteoarthritis had less stability during standing and walking than healthy subjects (P<0.05). Moreover, based on the results of this study, there was a linear relationship between the center of body pressure (COP) excursions in the AP direction and the fear of falling scale. Still, it was not significant (r=0.416, P=0.123), and there was no correlation between the other COP parameters with FES (r=0, P>0.05). The correlations between mean center of mass (COM) excursion in AP and ML directions and FES were 0.309 and -0.123, respectively; however, these correlations were also not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, there is no significant relationship between static and dynamic stability of the patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (based on COP-COM variables) and the fall efficiency scale. So, it seems that to improve these patients' functional abilities, and the therapists must focus on the other parameters that affect the falling, such as reducing pain, improving proprioception, and enhancing muscle strength. It is suggested that future studies include a more varied age range of elderly people and evaluate all contributing factors in falling of patients with knee osteoarthritis (such as pain, proprioception, vision, and muscle strength) and also evaluate the stability of patients with both laboratory-based and clinical tests.


In the analysis of the process of electric excitation of excitable tissues, the consideration of the three factors is, as stated in the introduction of the previous paper (Suzuki (1)), essential, namely the intensity-factor, the time-factor and the slope-factor. For a long time we have studied in this institute the relationship among these factors and also other problems of the physiology of stimulation (Suzuki (2)). During the course of many investigations in this field, it has become evident that there exists an interesting relation between the changes in the factors and other excitation attitudes of excitable tissues on one side, and those in environmental conditions of the tissue on the other side, which surround them and influence their excitability. Namely, of the many excitation attitudes of the tissues, certain attitudes always accompany certain others under certain environmental conditions, while attitudes other than the former ones accompany still different attitudes under different conditions. So as a result the excitation attitudes can be classified into two groups mutually confronting each other, the attitudes in each group being accompanied by another in the same group. The environmental conditions can also be classified into two counter acting groups: under one group the coditions will always bring about one group of the excitation attitudes and under the other group the conditions will bring about the other group of the attitudes. The classification of the excitation attitudes mentioned above is as follows: increase in the slope-factor (i.e. decrease in Hill's constant A, Fabre's "constante lineaire"(c.1.) or Schriever's "Einschleichzeit," or increase in Lucas' minimal gradient (cf. Suzuki (1)), decrease in the time-factor (the chronaxie or Hill's constant k), increase in the intensity-factor as the rheobase and the threshold of break excitation and tendency to single response accompany one each other, and on the other side changes in the opposite direction in every factor and tendency to multiple responses appear in company. These two groups of excitation atti-


We aim to establish a method of finite element approximations by which we can determine the modulus of quadrilaterals on Riemann surfaces. Our method matches the abstract definition of Riemann surfaces, and also will offer a new technique of high practical use in numerical calculation not only for the case of Riemann surfaces but also for the case of plane domains


If the curriculum is to serve as a dynamic tool for creating high qual ity student learning opportunities, it will require a dynamic, real-time process for learning about its implementation. Shifting the focus to curriculum implementation monitoring will help districts and schools achieve that goal and give a special focus to the principal's instruc tional leadership responsibilities.


The US Intelligence Community (IC) has a key responsibility to provide accurate, timely, and relevant insights and advice to US policy makers and leaders of the Department of Defense (DoD), the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and other federal, state, and local entities. In an effort to improve the quality of its finished intelligence documents, the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) has developed a set of XML standards and tools to help achieve greater levels of quality, consistency, interoperability, discoverability, and accessibility. The presentation by Doug Whall, a contractor from Alanthus Associates supporting the DNI's efforts, will describe the lessons learned and the improvements in quality through the introduction and use of metadata and XML standards to ingest millions of documents, support the discovery and access control of those documents, and how they have improved intelligence analysis, data integration and management.


We organized this workshop as an open discussion around the theme of developmental organization and evolution of the vertebrate head. To sharpen the focus of the debate initially, we, the convenors, proposed a hypothetical 'two-step' model of head development. The first step would be conceptually analogous to insect development, in the sense that early in embryonic development, i.e. during, or shortly after, gastrulation, a segmental pattern is specified in the neuroectoderm and/or head mesoderm. By segmentation we mean the subdivision of an embryonic field into sharply defined populations of cells linearly arranged along the anterior-posterior axis. Each population of cells would correspond to a 'segment' and each segment would be characterized by divergent developmental fate and potency. This initial process of regionalization by segmentation would be followed by a series of morphogenetic events, involving deformation of epithelial sheets, cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal inductive interactions. The initial process of axial specification by segmentation would account for the existence of invariance in the basic organization of the vertebrate head. Evolutionary diversification within such a conserved body plan would be achieved by heterochronic variation in the timing and rates of subsequent morphogenetic and inductive events. What follows is an edited report of the discussions that took place. No questions were answered but, we hope to convey what were considered to be the areas of current interest and controversy. We would like to thank the following people, who were the most active participants in the discussion, for sharing their opinions with us (we apologize for any omissions): C. Gans, E. Gilland, M. Ferguson, B. Hall, B. Hogan, N. Holder, P. Holland, D. Noden, K. Silk, P. Thorogood, H. Van der Loos and L. Wolpert. Since most of these people have not seen this final report, we have usually refrained from assigning specific opinions to particular individuals and we remain solely responsible for the opinions expressed in this report.


PURPOSE: To industrially advantageously obtain the subject compound used as a raw material, etc., for optically active amino acids by making a microorganism having racemic activity or its treated product act on an optically active 2-aminonitrile to convert the compound into a racemic compound and then collecting the product. CONSTITUTION: A microorganism belonging to the genes Actinomadura, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Candida or Yarrowia and having racemization activity [e.g. Actinomadura madurae (ATCC 15904)] or its treated material is added to an optically active 2-aminonitrile (e.g. 2-aminopropanenitrile) and the microorganism is subjected to shake culture at 30°C for 3hr while shaking to convert the 2-aminonitrile into a racemic 2-aminonitrile and extracting the reaction liquid with toluene and distilling the solvent from the resultant toluene phase and purifying the product by recrystallization, etc. Thereby, formation of reaction by-products is suppressed to provide the objective racemic 2-aminonitrile. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


It has been shown that the characteristic feature of the steric effect on the conjugation band in the case of the phenyl-carbonyl and vinyl-carbonyl systems, i. e., the relatively small hypsochromic shift and the relatively large decrease in the intensity of the band, as compared with that in the case of the conjugated hydrocarbon systems, can be adequately interpreted using the simple MO approach. From theoretical considerations it has especially been concluded that the proportionality of the intensity of the band to the cosine-square of the angle of twist of the formally single bond in these systems, formerly assumed by Braude, may be admitted as a rough approximation in spite of the invalidity of its original reasoning.


The embeddedness of communities of practice (CoPs)—self-organized groups of practitioners, who engage in the same practices, learn from each other, and innovate together—in contexts of formal hierarchical systems, is characterized through tension. CoPs drive learning and change, while formal systems are focused on stable execution and control, suppressing informality and self-organization. How leadership navigates this tension and shapes embeddedness is of interest to scholars and practitioners alike. In this article, we employ an interpretative research approach to explore how a CoP emerges and interacts with the formal hierarchy of the German Armed Forces. The findings of this study indicate that the embeddedness of a CoP within the formal organizational context molds through the dynamic interplay between administrative leaders and community members. In drawing from complexity leadership theory our grounded, cross-level, process model uncovers how a CoP evolves as individuals experience adaptive pressures in their practices stemming from environmental changes and start to generate new resources in response. Furthermore, it reveals how organizational leaders alternate between administrative leadership and enabling leadership techniques, allowing for both self-organized activities and also the integration of the emergent outcomes. Therefore, the model contributes to our understanding of the processes that unfold at the interface between a CoP and formal hierarchical system.


A search for the 126a hydrogen recombination line, with a rest frequency of 3248.713 MHz, has been made in the 19 sources listed in Table I using the Parkes telescope. The beamwidth was 6′ are and the frequency resolution 37 kHz. In the Table RCW refers to the Rodgers, Campbell and Whiteoak Atlas, W to the Westerhout catalogue, and the co-ordinate numbers to the Parkes Catalogue of Sources. In each case the ratio of the peak of the line to the continuum TL/TC , the half-intensity width Δv and the mean radial velocity to the local standard of rest, were determined. The related velocities observed in OH emission and absorption are also shown.


The three-parameter generalised gamma distribution is a versatile fading model that generalises or accurately approximates many of the commonly used distributions for multipath, shadow, and composite fading. It is difficult to evaluate the performance(s) of closely spaced dual-diversity receivers operating in such a channel because an analytical expression is not yet available for the bivariate correlated generalised gamma distribution. This report studies the bivariate generalised gamma distribution with arbitrary parameters. Expressions for the joint distribution and joint central moments are derived, and are used to obtain the outage probability for a dual-branch selection combining receiver over a correlated generalised gamma fading channel.


In this study, general Sibjeondaebohwan (G-SDH) and high-temperature aged Sibjeondaebohwan (HTA-SDH) samples were prepared using ten herbal medicinal plants including balloon flower. The nutritional components (five nutrients, fatty acids, and free amino acids), phytochemicals (phenolic acids and flavonols), radical scavenging activities (DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl), digestive enzyme inhibitory activities (α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase), and immune system activation of G-SDH and HTA-SDH were analyzed and compared. The contents of crude ash, fat, and protein, carbohydrate, total fatty acid, and total free amino acid of G-SDH were significantly higher than those of HTA-SDH. The major free amino acids and fatty acids in G-SDH were aspartic acid and oleic acid and those in HTA-SDH were glutamic acid and oleic acid. Compared to G-SDH, higher concentrations of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, Mailliard reaction products, total phenolic acids and total flavonols of HTA-SDH were estimated. After high-temperature aging, the total phenolic and flavonol contents increased from 272.03 to 303.31 μg/g and 310.71 to 372.58 μg/g, respectively. The DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities and the α -glucosidase, α-amylase, and pancreatic lipase inhibition activities in HTA-SDH were 85.65%, 89.93%, and 63.69%, and 61.06%, 34.21%, and 64.89%, respectively, which were considerably higher than those in the G-SDH. In addition, HTA-SDH showed the effect of controlling immune function.


The invention discloses an input method character selection frame display system and method. The system and the method are applied in an electronic device. The method comprises following steps of sensing and obtaining a specific operation of a user, executed on the electronic device; searching from a memory according to the specific operation so as to judge whether the specific operation is in conformity to a preset operation; if the specific operation is in conformity to the preset operation, obtaining the setting information associated with the preset operation from the memory; and adjusting the display position of aninput method character selection frame according to the setting information so as to generate a display interface and display on a display screen. According to the input method character selection frame display system and method disclosed bythe invention, the input method character selection frame is set as being movable; a user can set the position of the character selection frame according to own preference or demand; the user can select a character conveniently and rapidly; and the user experience is enhanced.


A medication administration error is defined as 'any difference between what the patient received or was supposed to receive and what the prescriber intended in the original order'. Medication administration errors are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. They occur frequently in the mental health setting and pose a serious risk of patient harm. The factors leading to medication administration errors in the mental health care setting is under researched and the potential for mental health services to prevent harm from medication administration error is unknown. The aim of this study was to understand factors that influence medication administration errors, and the reporting of these, among mental health nurses in the mental health hospital setting. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (2015) checklist. A total of 3625 studies were identified, nine of which were included for final review. The CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Medline, Medline Ovid, Psych Info and PubMed databases were searched, as well as grey literature. Medication administration errors and their reporting are complex, multifaceted and show organisational and individual overlap. Heavy workload, staffing shortages, differing levels of experience, ward dynamics, lack of knowledge, interruptions, communication and patient interaction contributed to the occurrence of medication administration errors. Key factors included rationale on why not to report an error, lack of knowledge regarding how to report, what to report, as well as fear and stigma. Many factors lead to the occurrence of a medication administration error or why they are not reported. More education is needed to help reduce medication administration errors. Further research may understand the behavioural patterns of mental health nurses and at-risk behaviour. This may help identify adequate interventions to reduce the risk of medication administration errors in this setting.


iv INTRQDUCTIt~N 1 JIL-1 protein kinase background 1 JIL -1 ' s interacting partners 1 Lamin background 2 Lamin in Drosophila and Humans 3 P element vector microinjection S 1~2A'.i'ERIAL S AND I~ZETHCJD S 7 Drosophila stacks 7 Construction of pUAST CFP JIL-1 CTD vector 7 Construction of pUAST GFP JIL-1 dC'1'I.3 vector 8 Micrainj ectian 8 Co-immunaprecipitatian assays ~ GST pull dawn. assays 10 Lamin tail fusion protein construction and production 1 ~ RES~TLTS 12 Vectors containing JIL-1 fluorescent fusion protein sequence completed 12 CFP JI.L-1 CTD is visualized in different tissue types 1 ~ JIL-1 ca-immunaprecipitates with lamin 15 GST Pull dawn implicates JIL-1 CTD with lamin interaction 1$ Vector containing lamin tail fused to biotin tag sequence completed 18 Lamin tail fusion protein production 21 DI S CLTS S I OrN 2~ REFERENCES 2b ACKNGV'VLEDGEl~~IENTS 30


Aquatic Conserv: Mar Freshw Ecosyst. 2019;29(S2):1 Abstract 1. Ancient Hawaiians developed sophisticated natural resource management systems that included various forms of spatial management. 2. The state of Hawaiʻi established its first legislated marine protected area (MPA) in 1953, and today there exists a patchwork of spatial marine management strategies along a range of sizes, with varying levels of governance, enforcement, and effectiveness.