Some type of immunosuppressive regimen for the host is required for prolonged survival of renal allografts in man. The proportion of transplants functioning may be a rough indicator of the efficacy of the various mutually exclusive regimens. In this study, data on 16 immunosuppressive regimens from 372 kidney transplants performed during the 3-year period prior to 16 March 1965 were analyzed. The proportion of transplants functioning at various post-transplant intervals in each regimen group was estimated using conventional life table methods. A comparison of 8 regimens, each used on 2 groups of recipients, 1 group receiving related and the other unrelated transplants, showed an effect of donor-recipient genetic relationship regardless of the immunosuppressive regimen used. In all cases transplants from unrelated donors tended to have the shorter duration of function. The greatest difference (P < 0.05) was noted with regimen 2 (pre- and post-operative azathioprine plus post-operative steroids). No obvious differences other than genetic relationship were noted between the groups to which this effect could be attributed. The mean ischemic periods in cases with functioning and nonfunctioning transplants from related or unrelated donors were compared within 2 regimen groups. Differences were significant between the related and unrelated functioning groups (P < 0.01) only, which may indicate that ischemic period is not a critical variable in transplant function. Local irradiation tended to show a beneficial effect on transplant function in 5 of 7 regimens paired with respect to its presence or absence. Regimen 8X (post-operative azathioprine, post-operative steroids, Actino-mycin, post-operative local irradiation) seemed to give the highest proportion of functioning transplants with cither related or unrelated donor-recipient combinations. Delayed onset of transplant function was discussed. The highest incidence occurred in unrelated transplants treated with regimens 6X, 7, 7X, and 8X. Duration of transplant function did not appear to be closely related to the period of delay before initial function began. No relationship could be estab.


Dependences of standard deviations of mapping property on the distance between wells are given. The maps of absolute values of structural surface errors and relative errors of thicknesses are constructed. The importance of construction of maps of structural surfaces and pay thicknesses geometrization errors is noted.


Active addressing is focused on TFTs and MIMs as pixel-switches. The manufacture of a-Si-TFTs tends to settle down at a three-mask process as long as risky steps can be avoided. Fabrication throughput is being enhanced by increasing the deposition rate for a-Si- and poly-Si-layers processed by PECV.D. For wider process windows and for building row drivers with a-Si-TFTs effective mobility will have to be increased beyond 1 cm 2 /Vs especially by new TFT-electrodes, a protective sandwich around the a-Si-layer and modified process techniques. Poly-Si-TFTs should be fabricated at temperatures below 450 °C and preferably without laser annealing before they become an economic solution. MIMs still require more materials research to find a dielectric with a larger trap density enhancing speed of operation, lower addressing voltages and electrodes for improved long-term stability. Low-temperature processes are required for LCDs with plastic substrates.


PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Let us know how access to this document benefits you. Abstract The study of metaphor has moved from abstraction and poetics into the realms of cognitive science and cultural studies. Rather than being seen as purely figurative and secondary to literal meaning, investigation of metaphors reveals a close relationship to our processes of reasoning, a capacity to both reveal and cover, and a plasticity that forms within surrounding cultural values. I reviewed current metaphor theory, including its concerns and justifications, and designed a simple survey experiment through the Qualtrix webpage. The survey was distributed via the Amazon Mechanical TURK system. The experiment, in two different versions, briefly described obesity and then asked participants to describe their attitudes toward, and preferred solutions for, this emerging public health issue. The paragraphs differed only in the metaphor used to describe obesity. Based upon a metaphorical framing hypothesis, it was predicted that obesity as an " infectious epidemic " would bias readers towards societal causes and a preference for public policy changes, while obesity as " simple calorie math " would bias readers towards individualized causes, and less support for public policy changes. The hypotheses of the study were not supported; there was no significant difference in participant responses between frame conditions. Possible reasons for non-significant results include the survey format, unique aspects of obesity as a public health problem, and participants' level of media exposure to obesity. However, this study could be easily altered into various iterations to confirm or deny many aspects of brief metaphorical framing. ii Acknowledgements This project was a long journey. Great thanks to my parents, as well as David Ritchie and my thesis committee.


point linearly circle tapering the maximum distance the and a transplant proximity point ranging to linearly and tapering to the maximum distance the a


The present work focused on the design of drug delivery system (DDS) based on a pH-sensitive hydrogel. The hydrogels were prepared via graft copolymerization of 2acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer onto collagen backbones by a free radical polymerization technique. Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) was added to function as a foaming agent under acidic conditions, rendering the hydrogels to be porous. Porous structure of hydrogel was essential in this system to yield a large surface area so that Acetaminophen release could be facilitated. The hydrogel thus prepared possessed a porous structure as determined by scanning electron microscopy. Due to the reversible swelling behavior of the hydrogels, the synthesized networks can sense the environmental pH change and achieve an oscillatory release pattern. The concentration of released Acetaminophen loaded was monitored at 266 nm on the UV spectrophotometer. Water absorption of the hydrogel could be switched on and off swiftly by control of pH of the surrounding environment. Therefore, the synthesized hydrogels in this work can be used as a drug delivery system, and that the drug release can be controlled by the pH of solution.


Introduction This meta-analysis aimed to compare the analgesic e ffi cacy of intraperitoneal ropivacaine versus bupivacaine for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods We searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science, EBSCO


In a high-frequency power electronic converter with wide-bandgap device, electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter is an essential module for mitigating the conducted EMI issues. However, traditional discrete EMI filter will significantly increase total size and weight of the system. In this article, an UU-core based fully integrated symmetrical EMI filter is proposed using flexible multilayer foil technique, all the common-mode (CM) and differential-mode (DM) filtering components are integrated in the same unit for a more compact design. Moreover, a function-decoupling state is realized between the CM and DM elements, which contributes to predigesting the lumped equivalent CM and DM circuits. Then the parameter design procedure can be simplified. Prototypes of the proposed and other typical types of EMI filters are built for a 100 kHz SiC-mosfet voltage source inverter, contrastive experiments have verified the feasibility and validity of the full electromagnetic integration approach.


In the world we live in it has become indispensable that all citizens be able to coexist with increasingly dematerialized practices. This study investigates the sociocultural factors that influence the learning of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and identifies the impacts of this learning on Welfare (mental and social). The research involved 374 citizens (50+ years) and the results indicate that throughout the aging process the need for communication and maintaining intellectual activity are preponderant factors in the acquisition of digital skills, with the inclusion and education of key elements in lifelong learning. Keywords:


This paper addresses the management of patients transportation requests within a hospital, a very challenging problem where waiting requests must be scheduled among the available porters in such a way that patients arrive at their destination timely and the resources invested in patient transport are kept as low as possible. Moreover, since transportation requests arrive unpredictably, the problem must be solved in real-time. To deal with such a dynamic context, all pending requests are rescheduled periodically. We propose several strategies to trigger the rescheduling of waiting requests and three approaches (a mathematical formulation, a constructive heuristic, and a local search heuristic) to solve each rescheduling problem. A simulation tool is proposed to evaluate the potential of the rescheduling strategies and the proposed scheduling methods to tackle instances inspired by a real mid-size hospital. The local search heuristic, which produces the best results, is fast enough to be used in a real context and achieves significant reductions in the response time, total distance walked by porters, and percentage of late requests compared to the results produced by a constructive heuristic which mimics the manner in which our partner hospital presently manages requests.


Conventional seismic exploration,mostly based on reflection theory,hardly has accurate imaging results for disaster geologic bodies which have small scale,steep dip,or complex structure.In this paper,we design two typical geologic models for analyzing the characteristics of scattered waves in mines for forward modeling by finite difference and apply the equivalent offset migration(EOM)and EOM-based interference stack migration methods to mine prospecting.We focus on the analysis of scatted imaging's technological superiority to reflection imaging.Research shows:1)scattered imaging can improve fold and make the best of weak scattered information,so it shows better results than post-stack migration imaging and 2)it can utilize the diffraction stack migration method-based ray path theory for mine seismic advanced prediction,so it provides an new efficient imaging method for improving resolution of mine seismic exploration.


A closed-tube bioassay with Poria placenta was used to measure residual fungistatic vapors in wood fumigated with methylisothiocyanate (MIT). This bioassay showed an inverse linear relationship between fungal growth and the amount of MIT in the wood samples. For fumigated increment-core sections of unseasoned Douglas-fir heartwood (4.8 mm in diameter by 25 mm long), the sensitivity of the bioassay ranged from 2 to 10 μml MIT per section. Closed-tube-bioassay response was also determined for small slivers of seasoned ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir, and was influenced by the size of the samples.


This article discusses the educational ideology,the specialty theory system,and the curriculum design of Applied Chemistry. It brings forward new plan of training specialized personnel,reforms specialty theory system and conforms specialty curriculum in order to provide important references for expediting the specialty construction of Applied Chemistry and improving the rate of employment of graduates.


Infant monitoring devices for other people who need the children, the handicapped, or caring in order to care for people and / or take care of that person and analyze the environmental conditions, use the input of the Com ryuteo video and listening, and other types . These conditions are classified as normal or alarm condition occurs the alarm signal information, which may include a recording of the video audio and other inputs. The system also has a function of requesting a response from the resident in order to stimulate the type classifiable also in order to reduce the obscuring in the state signal.


We experienced a resected case of solitary schwannoma of the greater omentum. A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of sudden abdominal pain on September 19, 1996. Abdominal tumor having multiple cystic lesions and enhancing solid lesions. Abdominal angiography showed a moderately hypervascular tumor with tumor vessels supplied by the dilated right gastroepiploic vessels. We diagnosed the tumor to be originated from the greater omentum. extirpation of the tumor was performed on October 11, 1996. The tumor, measuring 24×22×9cm in diameter and weighing 3.6kg, was originated from the greater omentum. Histological examination proved that the tumor was benign schwannoma. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital 2weeks after the surgery. Schwannoma of the greater omentum is extremely rare. There have been reported only 8cases including our case in both the Japanese and English literature.


The thermoplastic elastomer from SBS/LDPE blend having excellent mechanical properties,such as high mechanical strength and elongation at break and repeatable processability,was prepared by partial dynamic vulcanization.The influences of types of polyolefin,the rubber to plastics ratio,and types of the vulcanized system on the mechanical properties of SBS/LDPE blending thermoplastic elastomer were studied.


European Institutions took on the task of harmonizing the national laws to achieve a minimum level of European Private Law construction, to be functional to the internal market implementation. This study aims to go into the simultaneous presence -- so far -- of two instruments for Contractual Law harmonization (mainly referred to consumption contracts) and evaluate any impact on national systems and the effectiveness from the results point of view. The first instrument is Directive 2011/83UE on Consumer Rights, to be transposed in the national law systems soon. The second one is the Proposal for Regulation of a Common European Sales Law COM(2011) 635 def. Considering the different legal effectiveness of the two instruments, the paper means to examine the following: a) The legal basis of intervention through the Regulation; in relation to what indicated by TFEU art. 114 and art. 352; b) The combined methods of action of the two instruments, one (law deriving from the Directive) being a transposition law of each member country, the other one (the Regulation) as a uniform instrument, but optional. c) The combined methods of action of the two instruments in relation to the Vienna Convention on Sales of Goods (GISG 1980). For the purpose of this analysis, the recent improvement on Consumers protection level, towards which the latest EU interventions seem to orientate, and the attention paid at the same time to the small and medium enterprise will be taken into account.


In most of highly secured industries employees are provided with radio frequency identity. As finger print systems are also available. But there are many tricks to hack the finger print and use then to access the entry. Here we are implementing the RFID based employee authentication system with image recognition(face detection). The employees are made to pass through the Authentication Systems at the main entry. The authenticity of employee is being checked by means of RFID credentials being carried by the employee in their RFID based Identity Card. When card will be detected at that time image of the employee will be captured and will be send to personal computer to verify it with the original database of the detected RFID card. Once system detects the RFID credentials then it will automatically display all the information about the employee and image recognition is done then security at the entry gate can identify whether the employee is authorized or not. If it is unauthorized then proper action will be taken such as sounding the buzzer.


According to the collapse principle of quantum state when being measured, we present a method of directly writing out transformation matrix by looking at the figure of a network-controlled quantum channel. We find the rule of constructing transformation matrix in network-controlled teleportation. Based on this method, we gain transformation matrix of two-qubit state teleportation in which two GHZ state act as controlled quantum channels. We further proposed a scheme of one-qubit teleportation by a series-controlled quantum channel and teleportation of three-qubit via a typical network controlled quantum channel, in which two-qubit state instead of GHZ state act as quantum channel. So, Hadamard operation is not necessary in our scheme.


Nowadays, the electric mobility (EM) is one of the most attractive domains. It involves various society's actors such as politicians, environmental analysts, energy providers, customers, business partners, etc. Offering analytical tools to analyze the EM activities represents a crucial issue for the involved actors. In this paper, we address this issue in the context of the usage of electrical vehicles. We focus on two main actors of EM: the French energy provider EDF and the users of electrical vehicles. EDF is in charge of providing energy power for electrical vehicles equipped with sensors. To understand the behavior of end users, our first contribution is the proposition of a data warehouse solution to store the large amount of data generated by sensors. Due to the heterogeneity of sensors sources, this data warehouse is based on a domain ontology developed in a modular way. An important aspect for EDF is the exploitation of the data warehouse by the means of business processes to obtain indicators, generate invoices, etc. Usually, these processes are defined outside the data warehouse and developed by software engineers. This solution is insufficient in our context, as EDF engineers are regularly designing, modifying and refining indicators. Our second contribution consists in connecting business processes to the domain ontology and then storing them within the data warehouse to avoid costly solutions such as outsourcing or training EDF engineers. Our proposal is implemented in a real scenario developed by EDF.


We performeda testof a SCG1-Cscintillator glass (OharaOpticalGlassManufactoring Co.,Ltd)at the CERNSC withelectronsat enertiesfrom100 to 300 Mev. The blocksurfacewas 15x15cm andits length was 43.5 cm. corresponding to 10 radiationlengths. The energyresolutionof the SCG1-Cblockwas measured at fivemomentumvaluesand the resultscan be fittedby the followingform:


A method of ice detection is discussed which utilizes a combination of impedance, thermal conductivity and temperature measurements to detect the presence of glaze ice and to determine its thickness. Two supplemental means are described by which in-flight impedance data may be checked to assure that it is free of significant error. I Introduction To be alerted in real time that ice is forming on an aircraft or UAV and to be provided with the ice thickness variation with time remains a problem of interest, Ref. 1 and Ref. 2. Ice principally deposits from supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere that freeze on the vehicle at atmospheric/aircraft surface temperatures in the range from 0C to -25C and at altitudes between sea level and 22,000 ft, Ref. 3 and Ref. 4, though on occasion ice occurs outside these ranges. Two forms of ice may be encountered: glaze or rime, Ref. 3. Glaze ice is clear in appearance and weighs 0.98-0.99 g/cubic cm, while rime is white and opaque in appearance and weighs between 0.35-0.55 g/cubic cm depending on aircraft Mach number. Prior methods proposed for ice detection have included, but have not been limited to, visual identification, ice effects on vibrating structures, light reflection using fiber optics, Ref. 5, capacitive measurements, Ref. 6, and time domain reflectometry, Ref. 7. This paper discusses a method of ice detection which utilizes a combination of impedance, thermal conductivity and temperature measurements to detect the presence of ice and to provide its thickness. The method also includes supplementary ways for confirming the type of ice that is collecting and the fact that a correct measurement is being made. There are a number of general considerations that confront any aircraft ice detection approach. Not only must it operate properly during icing conditions, but it must demonstrate certain measurement values and characteristics that are unique to icing and not replicated when flying in fog or rain to avoid confusion. In addition, its use should not interfere significantly with airflow or add significant drag. Any electrical method, of which the impedance measurement approach discussed here is one, may be challenged by the dramatic variation with temperature of the electrical properties of pure glaze ice as well as rime ice in the temperature range of interest (taken here to be 0C to -40C), Ref. 8. Electrical measurements may be affected by cracks, flaws and/or voids in the ice formed over the sensor being used to make the measurement, Ref. 9 ; a situation associated more with rime ice though it may also occur with glaze ice. Acid rain present in the atmosphere and other contaminents may also have some effect on ice electrical properties of the ice that is formed. Finally, it is important


Colleges and universities undertake the mission of talent training, and are the main position for cultivating higher talents with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor. As a "space" for students to grow and become successful, campus culture plays an important function of cultivating talents. This paper tries to discuss the connotation of campus culture, analyze the problems of campus culture construction in local colleges and universities and think about countermeasures, hoping to make some suggestions for strengthening campus culture construction in local colleges and universities and improving the grade and nurturing function of campus culture.


ABSTRACT A novel quantitative PCR (QPCR) approach, which combines competitive PCR with constant-denaturant capillary electrophoresis (CDCE), was adapted for enumerating microbial cells in environmental samples using the marine nanoflagellate Cafeteria roenbergensis as a model organism. Competitive PCR has been used successfully for quantification of DNA in environmental samples. However, this technique is labor intensive, and its accuracy is dependent on an internal competitor, which must possess the same amplification efficiency as the target yet can be easily discriminated from the target DNA. The use of CDCE circumvented these problems, as its high resolution permitted the use of an internal competitor which differed from the target DNA fragment by a single base and thus ensured that both sequences could be amplified with equal efficiency. The sensitivity of CDCE also enabled specific and precise detection of sequences over a broad range of concentrations. The combined competitive QPCR and CDCE approach accurately enumerated C. roenbergensis cells in eutrophic, coastal seawater at abundances ranging from approximately 10 to 104 cells ml−1. The QPCR cell estimates were confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization counts, but estimates of samples with <50 cells ml−1 by QPCR were less variable. This novel approach extends the usefulness of competitive QPCR by demonstrating its ability to reliably enumerate microorganisms at a range of environmentally relevant cell concentrations in complex aquatic samples.


Creating social value through philanthropy continues to be the most favorable goal of the corporate social performance of leading Russian companies due to the implicit social contract that was created in the mid of 1990s. Nevertheless, since the mid 2010's some companies have started to reorient their philanthropic support into the innovative creation of "true" shared value. The above mentioned social contract is not violating but rather developing towards more rational business choices. From the prospective of well known Carroll's pyramid of CSR it is suggested that the relative priority of philanthropy is likely to be changing.


The invention relates to an ink tank for jet printing encre.Ce reservoir (10) comprises a solid electrolyte pellet (14) of the O2 ion conductor, inserted in the wall of reservoir.Application the control of the atmosphere inside the tank above the free surface of the ink it contains.


It is clear that almost all kinds of buildings require protection against noise and undesirable sounds, however, there are some countries where this is not yet regulated, such is the case of Mexico. Mexico City, the biggest city in the world could also be the noisiest. This is a problem which is today being debated; in fact there is no doubt that this has an important influence on the acoustic comfort conditions of dwellings, besides the habits and culture of the inhabitants, which are very different from those in the Anglo‐Saxon countries. These are all details that must be taken into account in the design of an acoustic comfort standard for buildings in cities like Mexico. In this paper we deal with this problem and it suggests some recommendations to consider in a proposed acoustic comfort standard or code to be applied in the design of multifamily housing buildings in Mexico City.


Qilinguan reservoir is located at complex karst region.It's a crux problem that whether karst leakage is existed.Based on the analysis of rock physicochemical composition and karst structure, karst passage and the distribution of water-resisting layer, karst regularity and the water conservation relation between karst system and the whole reservoir can be obtained;then,through rock permeable rate and groundwater level,evaluation and analysis of karst leakage is obtained,the feasibility of reservoir conditions is expounded in detail,which provides a typical example for the relating engineering.


Germinating nasturtium polen (Tropaeolum majus) is shown to excrete an enzyme(s) which hydrolyzes all types of monomers from biosyntheticafly labeled cutin andp-nitrophenyl esters, which are model substrates for fungal cutases. The poUen cutinase showed an optimum pH near 6.5 and was inhibited by thiol-directed reagents such as phydroxymercurnbenzoate and N-ethyl maleimide but not by diisopropylfluoropbosphate, an "active serine"-directed reagent indicating that the polen enzyme is an "-SH cutinase" unlike the fungal enzyme which is a serine cutinase. Excretion of the pollen cutinse into the extracelular fluid was complete within 4 to 6 bourn at 30 C. Since actinomycin D and cyclohexinide showed little effect on the level of cutinase excreted, it appears that cutinase is an enzyme synthesized prior to germination. Release of cutinase into the medium did not require germination. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of a continuous cutin layer on mature stigma with extensive folds, which are proposed to play a role similar to that played by the celular papifine found in the stigma of other plants. Chemical analysis of stigma cutin by depolymerization and combined gas-liquid chromatogrphy and mass spectrometry showed that this cutin consists of mainly the C,6 family of acids. The major (70%) components were dihydroxy C,6 acids which consisted of 10,16(64%), 9,16(16%), 8,16(12%), and 7,16(8%) dihydroxy palmitic acid. Deuterium-labeling studies sbowed the presence of 16-oxo-9hydroxy C,6 acid and 16-oxo-10-hydroxy C,6 add in this cutin. The biochemical and ultratctrl studies indicate that the poUen tube may gain entry into stigma using cutinase excreted by the pollen. tal evidence for the presence of cutinase in germinating pollen consisted of the demonstration that addition of cutin preparation to germinating pollen caused a slight increase in titratable acidity (7, 18). With this increase as a measure of cutinase, it was found that the presence of cutinase in germinating pollen was a characteristic of plants which have ' cutinized" stigma. Since fungal extracts also catalyzed release of titratable acids in the presence of cutin, including a cutin preparation from stigma surface, it was suggested that cutinase of germinating pollen was "identical with" cutinase detected in molds (7). Cutinase from neither molds nor pollen had been isolated or characterized and, therefore, it was not possible to compare the enzymes from the two sources. Recently, fungal cutinases, isolated in homogeneous form, have been characterized (22, 23. 25). The products released from cutin by the germinating pollen were also not characterized and therefore it was difficult to determine whether the pollen enzyme released all types of monomers of cutin or only the peripheral fatty acids. In this paper we demonstrate, with the use of radioactive cutin, that germinating pollen from nasturtium excrete an enzyme(s) which releases all types of monomers from apple cutin. Results which suggest that the appearance of this cutinase activity in the medium does not require protein synthesis are also presented. Preliminary characterization of the pollen cutinase strongly suggests that the pollen enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of cutin by a mechanism quite different from that involved in cutin hydrolysis by purified cutinases previously isolated from fungi. Electron microscopic examination of the ultrastructure of the continuous cuticular layer on the stigma and the first chemical characterization of stigmatic cutin are also reported. The surface of at least the so-called dry stigmas is covered by a cuticle (3, 6, 8-11, 16-18). Since pollen tube must penetrate this barrier in order to gain entry into the stigma on its way to the ovary, it was suspected that the germinating pollen might use an enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of cutin, the structural component of the cuticle. Since the incompatibility reaction in some plants appeared to involve the lack of penetration of pollen tube through the cuticle of stigma, cutinase was suggested to be involved in incompatibility (3). The experimen'Scientific Paper No. 4870, Project 2001, College of Agriculture Research Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164. This work was supported in part by Grant PCM 74-09351 A03 from the National Science Foundation and a grant from the Washington Tree Fruit Commission. 2 Author to whom inquiries should be made MATERIALS AND METHODS Plants. Nasturium plants (Tropaeolum majus) were grown from seeds (Chas. H. Lilly Co.) in a sand-perlite-mica peat (1:1:1) mixture under Gro-lux lights (1,200 ft-c) supplemented with incandescent lights with 16-hr days. These plants produced flowers within 2 months of germination. Pollen were collected routinely with an aspirator and kept frozen until used. Reagents. The following reagents were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company: p-nitrophenyl palmitate (PNP), p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNB), iodoacetamide, N-ethyl maleimide, phydroxymercuribenzoate, actinomycin-D, cycloheximide, dithioerythritol, diisopropylfluorophosphate (DipF). Aspergillus niger cellulase, and fungal pectinase. Omnifluor and Aquasol were from New England Nuclear Corp. Enzyme Preparation. Nasturtium pollen were suspended and 907 www.plantphysiol.org on April 30, 2019 Published by Downloaded from Copyright © 1977 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved. SHAYK, KOLATTUKUDY, AND DAVIS germinated in a previously described (2) nutrient medium containing 0.5 mm dithioerythritol for 6 hr at 30 C in a gyratory shaker water bath. After this period pollen were removed by centrifugation at 12,000g for 10 min, the supernatant was filtered through glass wool, and the extracellular fluid was used as the enzyme source. A pentaerythritol-containing medium (5), which did not allow germination of the pollen, was used for comparison. Preparation of Substrates. For measuring cutin hydrolysis, apple fruit cutin. biosynthetically labeled by incorporation of [1-'4C]acetate, was prepared as described before (21). The purification of the labeled cutin was monitored by hydrogenolysis (LiAlH4) of samples followed by analysis of the lipid products for radioactivity as described elsewhere (15). If significant amounts (more than a few per cent) of 14C were present in the water-soluble products, the samples were retreated extensively with cellulase and pectinase. The label in the final cutin preparations. which were used for cutinase assays, was present almost entirely in the hydroxy fatty acids of the polymer. Labeled discs of apple cutin thus obtained were homogenized in distilled H20 using a TenBroeck glass homogenizer. centrifuged, and the pellet was resuspended in distilled H2O. This procedure was repeated twice with water, three times with acetone, and three times with 0.1 M Na-phosphate (pH 6.5). The washed pellet was finally suspended in fresh phosphate buffer just before use in the assays. To 50 ml of water 24 mg of p-nitrophenyl palmitate (or 19.6 mg of p-nitrophenyl butyrate) and 160 mg of Triton X-100 were added and the mixture was heated until the ester became liquid. The mixtures were then sonicated with the large probe of a Biosonic III for 1 min at 30% of the maximum power. This procedure gave a clear dispersion of the p-nitrophenyl esters. Enzyme Assays. Appropriate aliquots of the enzyme were usually incubated in a total volume of 1 ml of 0.1 M Naphosphate buffer (pH 6.5) with 1.75 mg of labeled (70,000 cpm) cutin in a gyratory shaker water bath at 30 C for various periods of time. At the end of the incubation, the reaction mixture was centrifuged at 12,000g for 10 min and the supernatant was filtered through a glass wool plug placed in a Pasteur pipette. An aliquot of the filtrate was assayed for radioactivity in either Aquasol or Omnifluor. Values obtained with identical reaction mixtures containing either no enzyme or boiled enzyme were subtracted from the experimental values to give the rate of enzymic hydrolysis. p-Nitrophenyl esterase assays were done spectrophotometrically as described before (21). The hydrolysis was followed by measuring the A at 405 nm with a Gilford spectrophotometer and linear rates were observed for at least 10 to 15 min. Determination of Radioactivity. Radioactivity in liquid samples and in thin layer chromatographic fractions was determined with a Packard 3003 liquid scintillation spectrometer. Aliquots of soluble products or silica gel from thin layer chromatograms were assayed for radioactivity in 15 ml of either Aquasol or Omnifluor. A 0.4% (w/v) solution of Omnifluor in toluene containing 30% ethanol gave a counting efficiency of 12% for 3H and 76% for "C. All counting was done with a standard deviation of less than 3%. Protein Determination. Protein concentrations were estimated by the method of Lowry et al. (19) after precipitation with 10% trichloroacetic acid. The precipitate was washed with 1 % trichloroacetic acid and dissolved in 0.1 N NaOH before assaying for protein. Isolation of Products of Enzymic Hydrolysis of Labeled Cutin. The mixture of enzyme and labeled cutin in a total volume of 3 ml was incubated for 6 hr at 30 C in a gyratory shaker. The reaction was stopped by the addition of 0.2 ml of 6 N HCl and the labeled cutin was removed by centrifugation for 10 min at 0000g. The supernatant was filtered through glass wool, and an aliquot was assayed for radioactivity. The remaining supernatant was extracted three times with chloroform using a separatory funnel. The combined extract was evaporated to dryness and the residue was refluxed overnight with LiAlH4 in 30 ml of tetrahydrofuran. The excess LiAlH4 was decomposed by slow addition of the reaction mixture into water, and after acidification with HCl, the reduced products were extracted with chloroform (3 x 100 ml). After the chloroform was evaporated off under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in 0.1 ml of a 2:1 mixture of chloroform and me


ANYONE who views the current world situation is bound to be impressed with the urgent need for development of educational programs to cope with the situations created by current world conditions. Satisfying this need by means of education demands research which will add to present knowledge, understanding, and technique. The Institute has undertaken such research within the problem areas of education and world affairs listed below.


Segmenting Everyday Actions: an Object Bias? Rebecca E. Dowell (firstname.lastname@example.com) Bridgette A. Martin (firstname.lastname@example.com) Barbara Tversky (email@example.com) Department of Psychology, Bldg. 420 Jordan Hall Stanford, CA 94305 USA Introduction Recognizing and understanding observed actions is critical to effective social interaction. To do this, observers must segment complex and continuous human behavior into discrete events. Newtson (1973) developed a paradigm for measuring behavior segmentation, in which participants observed films of everyday behavior and used a key to mark off separate events. Zacks, Tversky and Iyer (2001) showed that people segment observed action according to a hierarchical structure: larger (coarse) action units were defined by changes in the object being manipulated, whereas smaller (fine) units were defined by changes in actions performed upon the same object. Zacks et al. suggested that this organization reflected a cognitive bias to relate objects to goals and actions to subgoals. Because Zacks et al.'s findings could be due to the organization inherent in their stimuli, the present study examines the possibility of an object bias by asking observers to segment differently organized tasks. boundaries, F(1,560) = 96.2, p < 0.001. For action films, this pattern reversed: changes in actions predicted coarse segmentation, F(1,552) = 125.8, p < 0.001, and changes in objects predicted fine segmentation, F(1,552) = 27.5, p < 0.001. Although segmentation followed event organization by action or object, there was greater agreement on segment boundaries and greater hierarchical alignment for events organized by objects than events organized by actions (Fig 1). To further test whether objects bias segmentation, participants in Experiment 2 segmented the films into natural units. Object changes were the best predictor of event boundaries for both object, (F(1,560) =51.068, p < 0.001) and action conditions (F(1,552) = 72.244, p < 0.001). Furthermore, participants in the object condition produced segmentation patterns suggesting that they monitored both coarse and fine levels of action. Participants in the action condition did not show this pattern, suggesting poorer identification of hierarchical structure. Taken together, these data suggest that while observers are adept at uncovering the structure in different task organizations, there is a bias towards object-based segmentation Methods We filmed two familiar activities: packing a suitcase and washing dishes, according to two different organizations. One version organized larger goals by object changes and subgoals by action changes (object films), and the other organized larger goals by action changes and subgoals by object changes (action films). Participants viewed both object films or both action films and segmented them according to the Newtson paradigm. In Experiment 1, thirty-two participants viewed the films twice, marking off coarse units on one viewing and fine units on the other. In Experiment 2, sixteen participants segmented the same films into whatever events felt natural. Results and Discussion For Experiment 1, linear regression analyses revealed that observers changed their segmentation criteria based on the organization of the films they observed. For object films, changes in objects were the best predictor of coarse event boundaries, F(1,560) = 76.2, p < 0.001, and changes in actions on the same object were the best predictor for fine Action Object Figure 1: Hierarchical Alignment for action and object films. References Newtson, D. (1973). Attribution and the unit of perception of ongoing behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 28, 28-38. Zacks, J.M., Tversky, B., & Iyer, G. (2001). Perceiving, remembering, and communicating structure in events. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 130, 29-58.


Little is known about the habitat range and seasonal distribution of reef mantas in Raja Ampat, West Papua. The
objectives of this study were to investigate the habitat range and to examine spatial and temporal movements of
reef mantas for underpinning conservation efforts and management actions in Raja Ampat region. The mantas were
tagged with Vemco V16 acoustic transmitters. In November 2013, Vemco VR2 acoustic receivers were deployed in
eight listening stations throughout northern Raja Ampat waters, including Wayag Lagoon, Uranie, Eagle Rock,
Yefnabi Kecil, Seprang, Dayan, Manta Ridge, and Wai. In total, 38 reef mantas were tagged in six locations. Tagging
periods varied between 0 to 682 days (237±27 days). Meanwhile the days of visit ranged from 1 to 188 days (42±7 days).
Moreover, Manta Ridge was the most popular site with 565 days of manta visits. It was followed by Yefnabi (434
days), Eagle Rock (287 days), and Wai (202 days). In addition, several mantas were detected in five different listening
stations and most of them travelled to at least one listening station. Interestingly, results indicate that manta
seasonal movements, based on the frequency of day visits, occurred within four main listening stations (Manta
Ridge, Wai, Yefnabi Kecil, and Eagle Rock). Apart from this, nearly 90% of hourly visit frequency occurred during the
day between 6 am to 6 pm. Overall, those results can be used to assist in the designation of manta conservation both
spatially and temporally to ensure manta populations and manta tourism sustainability in Raja Ampat.


This chapter discusses the representation of the palace as a tool for calibrating political change within the Frankish world, by comparing the ninth century with the tenth. The decades after the death of the last legitimate Carolingian emperor Charles III "the Fat" in 888 represented a moment of dramatic structural change in the Frankish world as the imperial landscape of the ninth century disintegrated and re-formed into the post-Carolingian world of the tenth; a shift from a large hegemonic empire ruled by members of a single dynasty to a jigsaw of smaller kingdoms controlled by new, unrelated and mutually antagonistic royal families. Yet the transition from Carolingian to post-Carolingian remains underanalysed, and tends to be absorbed into grander models of historical development, in particular those associated with debates concerning medieval Staatlichkeit ("state-ness") and the "feudal revolution" of the year 1000. Keywords: antagonistic royal families; Carolingian emperor Charles III; feudal revolution; Frankish world; hegemonic empire; post-Carolingian world


Let $k$ be a positive integer and $G=(V,E)$ be a graph of minimum degree at least $k-1$. A function $f:V\rightarrow \{-1,1\}$ is called a \emph{signed $k$-dominating function} of $G$ if $\sum_{u\in N_G[v]}f(u)\geq k$ for all $v\in V$. The \emph{signed $k$-domination number} of $G$ is the minimum value of $\sum_{v\in V}f(v)$ taken over all signed $k$-dominating functions of $G$. The \emph{signed total $k$-dominating function} and \emph{signed total $k$-domination number} of $G$ can be similarly defined by changing the closed neighborhood $N_G[v]$ to the open neighborhood $N_G(v)$ in the definition. The \emph{upper signed $k$-domination number} is the maximum value of $\sum_{v\in V}f(v)$ taken over all \emph{minimal} signed $k$-dominating functions of $G$. In this paper, we study these graph parameters from both algorithmic complexity and graph-theoretic perspectives. We prove that for every fixed $k\geq 1$, the problems of computing these three parameters are all \NP-hard. We also present sharp lower bounds on the signed $k$-domination number and signed total $k$-domination number for general graphs in terms of their minimum and maximum degrees, generalizing several known results about signed domination.


[Objective] The aim was to explore integrated control technology of disease pest and weed for wheat during whole growth period in Sanyuan.[Method] Integrated control experiment and demonstration of disease pest and weed for wheat during whole growth period were carried out in Sanyuan County.[Result] Using combined agents to treat seed was helpful for the growth of seedlings,and agronomic traits of treatment was better than control.The integrated control experiment field got significant controlling effects against disease and pest and yield-increasing rate,that was seeds were treated by combined agents; herbicide was sprayed in spring; "one-spraying and three-controlling"technology of disease and pests were carried out from heading to filling stage.The"one-spraying and three-controlling"technology was carried out firstly when the heading rate reached 60%-70%,and applied secondly in seven days,good disease and pests controlling effect and yield-increasing effect were got.[Conclusion] The results provide reference for the production of wheat in Sanyuan County.


Based on analyzing the problems of evaluating administrative staff's comprehensive ability in colleges and universities of China,the index system of evaluating administrative staff's comprehensive ability in colleges and universities was established,which was scientific and accorded with the traits of administrative staff in colleges and universities,the method of analytic hierarchy process to fix on the weighs of each index was used,and the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate the administrative staff's comprehensive ability in colleges and universities was used.The example showed that,the index system and weighs was scientific,and the evaluation result was accorded with the administrative staff's fact,that was said the evaluation method was feasible and objective,at the same time,it was the effective mean in evaluating the administrative staff's comprehensive ability in colleges and universities.


Trace fossils are reported from the Middle Permian Chihsia Formation at 177 Highland and Baimushan in Chaohu,Anhui Province.These trace fossils occur,in the bituminous limestone and the upper limestone members of the Chihsia Formation.They are identified as Zoophycos cf.caudagalli Vanuxem,1842.Zoophycos,is a fodinichnion and typically occurs in deeper-water dysoxic sedimentary environment.In the Chihsia Formation,some Zoophycos fossils are found in the matrix of conglomerates,suggesting that the gravels represent debris flows and they are allochthonous.On the basis of integrated analysis of stratigraphic,geochemical,paleoenvironmental,and paleoichnological datas,the bituminous limestone and upper limestone members of the Chihsia Formation in Chaohu were interpreted to have been deposited in dysoxic slope settings on the margin of a carbonate platform.


A complete catalogue is provided for the type specimens of teiid and microteiid lizards in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum, Berlin, as of September 1993. The collection contains a total of 85 type specimens, representing 37 taxa in the families Teiidae and Gymnophthalmidae. Twenty-six of these are currently regarded as valid at the specific or subspecific level.


The association of cytokine genotypes with gastric carcinoma (GC) may be influenced by environmental factors and varies among different populations. Few studies have addressed the impact of different cytokine genotypes on the development and progression of GC. We analyzed 11 functional polymorphisms in tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1, IL‐4 and IL‐10 genes in 220 Taiwanese Chinese with GC and in 230 healthy controls. The risk of genotypes was adjusted with confounding environmental risks. Our results revealed that the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection [odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–2.56], cigarette smoking (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.38–2.95) and high IL‐10 producer genotype (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.29–5.50) was significantly increased in the entire GC patients. Among different subtypes of GC, a higher risk of developing diffuse type (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.01–2.67) or cardia cancer (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.13–2.67) was observed for the CT/CC genotype of IL‐4 at the position −590, whereas the high IL‐10 producer genotype was significantly linked with the risk of cardia cancer (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.06–9.73) or advanced stage (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.12–4.64). No association was noted between GC and controls in the distribution of IL‐1 and TNF‐α genotypes. Logistic regression analyses revealed that H. pylori infection (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.14–2.52), cigarette smoking (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.27–‐2.96) and IL‐10 genotype (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.24–5.61) are independent risks for GC. Independent effects of IL‐10 genotype, H. pylori infection and cigarette smoking indicate that carcinogenesis of GC is influenced by a variety of host and environmental factors. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The invention discloses a processing technology for a whole plant black tartary buckwheat tea. The process comprises: harvesting whole plant seedlings of black tartary buckwheat, carrying out enzyme deactivation on the whole plant seedlings of the black tartary buckwheat, drying the whole plant seedlings of the black tartary buckwheat, and carrying out fine processing of the whole plant black tartary buckwheat tea. The processing technology of the present invention has the following advantages that economic benefits can be increased, for example, benefits are brought about for mountain farmers, wherein selling income of the whole plant seedling is higher than selling income of the tartary buckwheat, an output value per mu of the tartary buckwheat is only about 500 yuan while an output value per mu of the whole plant seedling can be about 800 yuan; the whole plant black tartary buckwheat tea finished product produced by the processing technology of the present invention has beneficial components, wherein flavone content in the tea of the present invention is 1.4 times more than flavone content in the common tartary buckwheat tea; and the tea produced by the processing technology of the present invention has more excellent aroma and taste compared with the common tartary buckwheat tea.


In this study, we developed future scenarios to examine the influence of technologies on travel and interviewed experts about the key policy implications. From these, we developed a strategic roadmap to inform future UK policies and investments.


In this work, we investigate a unique effective framework for projected design inspections in industrial manufacturing combining machine learning methodologies and edges cloud computing technologies. We recommend a thorough approach that involves targeted data gathering and broadcast, forecasting and supplying appropriate, as well as innovation with the current IT plant infrastructure, in contrary to state-of-the-art contributions. To highlight the steps and advantages of the suggested solution, a genuine business use case in the manufacture of SMT is described. The outcomes demonstrate that the proposed strategy can dramatically reduce inspection volumes, leading to economic gains. A key achievement basis for the drawn-out presentation of assembling ventures is the creation of imperfection-free, top-notch items. Indeed, even with the intricacy and assortment of items and the requirement for savvy production, an exhaustive and dependable quality investigation is habitually required. Along these lines, high examination volumes cause producing bottlenecks in the review processes. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop a predictive design for quality assessment regarding employing cloud computing and machine learning. Concerning this particular research, a descriptive research design has been used by depending on secondary data due to its reliability and validity. Moreover, it has been found that both cloud computing and machine learning contribute effectively for employing quality assessment because of their innovative features and infrastructure.


Based on a novel approach to measuring the cost of trade in services for Modes 1 (cross-border supply), 2 (consumption abroad), and 4 (temporary movement of service suppliers), developed by the World Trade Organization Secretariat, this pper reviews available evidence on factors affecting trade costs for services supplied via a commercial presence in a host country market, so-called Mode 3 trade. It does so with a view to answering the question of whether the current "facilitation" agendas on services and investment proceeding at the World Trade Organization focus on the most important factors affecting Mode 3–related trade costs, by far the most important of all modes of supplying services internationally. The paper explores the policy opportunity costs arising from the decision to focus the investment facilitation agenda on matters of regulatory transparency and the streamlining of administrative procedures. It recalls how reducing regulatory heterogeneity, tackling discriminatory impediments to cross-border investment, and developing investor-state conflict management mechanisms to retain and expand investment and prevent dispute escalation -- all issues left unaddressed by ongoing negotiations -- hold important potential for reducing Mode 3 trade costs and facilitating expanded investment.


Previous experiments performed on tissues chiefly of mesenchymous origin-such as teeth, bone, tendon, and muscle, showed definite histological and cytological changes, so this experiment was started to see whether the blood, likewise mesodermal in origin, would undergo any similar variation. Harman and Traulsen (1943) studied the effect of Vitamin C-deficiency upon skeletal muscle. At the same time, Ascham and Geddes( unpublished) studied the ascorbic acid content in the blood stream of these animals at the various stages of scurvy. Blood samples were taken on approximately every seventh day and the amount of ascorbic acid present was calculated. This experiment revealed little difference between the Vitamin C content in the blood stream of normal animals and that of experimental animals. In this experiment, as in preceding ones, the experimental guinea pigs in comparison to normals have very little blood during the later stages of scurvy. Considerable work had been done previously concerning the effect of Vitamin C-deficiency on blood with respect to erythrocyte and leucocyte counts, and hemoglobin content; but little work had been done regarding any histological or cytological changes. This problem was to include red and white corpuscle counts and hemoglobin index. According to Sigal (1939) there is a general agreement that Vitamin C-deficiency causes a decrease in the erythrocyte counts. Some of these who found decreases were Wales [quoted by Jackson and Harley (1900)], Findlay (1921), Gasperi (1926), Meyers and McCormick (1928), and Mether, Minot, and Townsend (1930). Sigal (1939) states that during the first ten days of deletion, there occurred only a slight decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin, but during the deletion period from ten to twenty days; anemia had become severe and was accompanied by a decrease in leucocytes and hemoglobin.


Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a significant challenge for adult physicians. However, there is a misconception that COPD is a disease of only adult smokers. There is a growing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that chronic respiratory diseases such as COPD have their origins in early life. In particular, adverse maternal factors will interact with the environment in a susceptible host promoting altered lung growth and development antenatally and in early childhood. Subsequent lung injury and further geneenvironment interactions may result in permanent lung injury manifest by airway obstruction predisposing to COPD. Title: Thorax in focus: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Citation: Thorax, February 2012, vol./is. 67/2(164-169) Author(s): Hodgson D.B., Saini G., Bolton C.E. Abstract: Keeping up to date with scientific Keeping up to date with scientific developments in any field of medicine is challenging, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is no exception. Thorax has played an important part in the communication of key developments to its readership. In this article we review original research published in the journal over the last 2-3 years. We consider scientific and clinical developments in the epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment of COPD, placing these articles in the context of other relevant literature in COPD. Title: Tiotropium: What came after the UPLIFT study Citation: Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, March 2012, vol./is. 13/4(613-618) Author(s): Santus P., Di Marco F., Radovanovic D. Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by a progressive bronchial obstruction, and bronchodilators represent the maintenance therapeutic choice. Tiotropium is an anticholinergic drug that is proved to be safe, efficient and simple to handle; Respimat technology was recently introduced as a new device for tiotropium administration. Data published after the UPLIFT study confirms the efficacy of tiotropium as maintenance COPD therapy and its capacity to reduce airflow obstruction, as well as lung hyperinflation. Nevertheless, there is a certain inhomogeneity in the definition and evaluation of COPD exacerbations, in lung functional parameters and quality-of-life assessment, and there has not always been a proper comparison between tiotropium and other long-acting bronchodilators. Respimat is comparable in efficacy to the HandiHaler, using bioequivalent doses of tiotropium. Title: Issues in pulmonary function testing for the screening and diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Citation: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, March 2012, vol./is. 18/2(104-111) Author(s): Lam D.C.L., Hui C.K.M., Ip M.S.M. Abstract: COPD is characterized by chronic respiratory COPD is characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation with only partial reversibility on lung function testing. However, screening on a population basis or of an enriched 'atrisk' subset like chronic smokers is not supported by findings from previous epidemiological studies, screening trials or in currently published clinical management guidelines by professional societies and review bodies. The definition of airflow obstruction and the classification of disease severity of COPD also differ slightly between guidelines and statements from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Selected Articles of Interest 2011 2012


Teacher preparation programs have continued to see the ever-increasing control of teacher candidates by policymakers. To control means to regulate. The problem is that there are currently at least three regulating measurement and assessment obstacles faced by teacher candidates in teacher preparation programs. The first obstacle is being admitted into a teacher preparation program. High school grades, standardized test data, letters of recommendation, and other information are used to regulate this process. The second obstacle is navigating a complex regulated curriculum that is intended to help insure that entering students will be successful classroom teachers. Universities establish general education curriculum content, specialized professional associations require specific curriculum content, state departments of education require specific curriculum content, and education departments require specific curriculum content that are used to regulate the teacher preparation process. However, despite how effective a teacher preparation program may be in selecting potential teacher candidates and programmatically guiding their teacher candidates, the teacher candidates are still faced with a third regulatory measurement and assessment obstacle. The third regulatory obstacle for teacher candidates is passing a legislatively mandated norm-referenced examination (i.e., PRAXIS II) before they are certified as teachers. Therefore, the research question in this study was: Are measured test scores that teacher candidates demonstrate prior to and during their teacher preparation programs predictors of the legislatively mandated PRAXIS II test scores? To answer this question, forward regression analysis was used to estimate the fitted value of PRAXIS II (response variable) as a function of several predictor variables (previously earned test scores). The research hypothesis was that forward regression analysis would estimate the fitted value of PRAXIS II (response variable) as a function of several predictor variables. High teacher quality is recommended to be at the core of educational reform (Brownell, Ross, Sindelar, & Vandiver, 1999; Bullough, Burbank, Gess-Newsome, Kauchak, & Kennedy, 1998; Darling-Hammond, 1997; Kent, 2005; Laine & Otto, 2000). According to Kent, teacher education programs are too frequently graduating candidates that fall into a category of failing teachers or teachers that leave the profession just as their careers are beginning. Because many programs currently admit students into teacher education programs with minimal qualifications, Kent recommended changing admission standards in order to help insure that high quality students are admitted to teacher education programs. Some suggestions for changes in admission criteria have included increasing field experience requirements, insuring that teacher candidates have the dispositions as well as the academic standards to become high quality teachers, and requiring the completion of a successful group interview (Farnsworth, Benson, Peterson, Shaha, & Hudson, 2003; Kent, 2005). Some regulation of teacher preparation programs is warranted. However, how much regulation is too much regulation? For example, policymakers have begun to address the concern that some teachers are not successful by mandating that teacher candidates have legislated entry benchmark scores on PRAXIS I, minimum quality point averages for teacher candidates graduating from teacher preparation programs, and legislated minimum benchmark scores on high-stakes norm-referenced exit examinations like the PRAXIS II Series. Additionally, many states have adopted the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE, 2000) as an external teacher program oversight reporting agency of university teacher education programs. In the eyes of an increasing number of policymakers, an unfavorable report by NCATE may spell the death-bell for a college/university teacher preparation program. …


Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process in the manufacturing of a composite cylinder is investigated. Resin flow in the woven fiber mat is modeled as flow through porous media to determine resin velocity and pressure distribution along the part. Five-harness carbon and eight-harness fiberglass mats with epoxy resin composites are investigated. Fiber mat permeability for the two fiber types are determined experimentally. These values are then employed in numerical models to simulate the injection cycle of the RTM process. ANSYS finite element software is used to perform the analysis. The results indicate that resin velocity in fiberglass mats is almost six times the velocity in carbon fiber mats. This is due to the higher permeability of fiberglass mats. The sharp drop in the resin velocity into carbon fibers indicates that flow problems will exist in the manufacturing of large carbon/epoxy parts with RTM processes.© 2005 ASME


Early evidence from China suggested that blood groups may be involved in susceptibility to COVID‐19. Several subsequent studies reported controversial results. We conducted a retrospective matched case‐control study that aims to investigate the association between blood groups and the risk and/or severity of COVID‐19. We compared the blood groups distribution of 474 patients admitted to the hospital for COVID‐19 between March 2020 and March 2021, to that of a positive control group of outpatients infected with COVID‐19 and matched them for sex and age, as well as to the distribution in the general population. Three hundred and eighteen HC+ pairs with available blood group information were matched. The proportion of group A Rh+ in hospitalized patients (HC+) was 39.9% (CI 35.2%–44.7%), compared to 44.8% (CI 39.8%–49.9%) and 32.3% in the positive outpatient controls (C+) and the general population (C−), respectively. Both COVID‐19‐positive groups (HC+ and C+) had significantly higher proportions of group A Rh+ compared to the general population (p = 0.0019 and p < 0.001, respectively), indicating that group A Rh+ increases susceptibility to COVID‐19. Although blood group A Rh+ was more frequent in the outpatients C+ compared to the hospitalized group HC+, the association did not reach statistical significance, indicating that blood group A Rh+ is not associated with severity. There was no significant relationship between COVID‐19 and other blood groups. Our findings indicate that blood group A Rh+ increases the susceptibility for COVID‐19 but is not associated with higher disease severity.


Mechanoluminescent (ML) materials have important applications in the field of mechanical detection. To accelerate the application of ML materials, the expansion of ML materials is essential. Herein, a green ML phosphor KZn(PO3)3:Tb3+ was prepared via a high temperature solid state reaction method. Tb3+ ions occupy the Zn2+ sites, and the defects are generated due to charge compensation, which can serve as the trap center for capturing carriers and are verified by thermoluminescence (TL). The flexible structure framework of KZn(PO3)3 not only provides enough space for defects in the lattice, but also generates great strain energy when applied with forces. KZn(PO3)3:Tb3+ shows a sensitive reaction to different mechanical forces, which indicates it a potential ML material for use in intelligent sensors.


The present paper reports a case of Hodgkin's disease of the submandibular lymph nodes. The patient was a 71-year-old male who presented with submandibular lymph node swelling (6×4cm) associated with a slight increase in the ratio of monocytes (9%) and slightly low serum protein (6.1g/dl). Ultrasound imaging of the lymph node revealed a relatively homogenous internal hypoechoic density with a bottom echo and acoustic enhancement. Pathological examination revealed many eosinophilic Hodgkin's cells and Reed-Sternberg cells which reacted with LN-2 antibody.The patient was determined to be in Clinical Stage IA. He was treated by radiation (total dose 30Gy) and MOPP (2 cycles), inducing a CR state.


Purpose. The article aims to define the philosophical narratives about the "beautiful human" of Greek antiquity in the coordinates of the triad of "natural", "social" and "cultural" body. Theoretical basis. When achieving this purpose, the author based on the conceptual provisions of the philosophical anthropology of Н. Plessner, in particular, concerning the attitude of a limited body to its limit as an empirical comprehension of a human him/herself and the world. Developing the position of the body as a socio-cultural phenomenon and proceeding from the definition of corporeality as a "transformed human body under the influence of social and cultural factors, which has socio-cultural meanings and performs certain socio-cultural functions" (I. Bykhovskaya) (transl. by O. G.), the triad of "natural", "social" and "cultural" body was used as a methodological basis to analyse the research object. Originality lies in the explication of the peculiarities of aesthetic and anthropological discourse in Ancient Greek philosophy, not only through the prism of the dichotomy of "soul" and "body", but also through the prism of the triad "natural", "social" and "cultural" body, allowing rethinking of the narratives concerning the "beautiful human" of the formation period of the European anthropological aesthetics in Antiquity. Conclusions. The anthropological aesthetics of Greek Antiquity is masculine aesthetics, the aesthetics of the male "cultural body". If a man is an epistemological subject, he is able, despite the ugliness and abomination of his natural body, to reach the level of the cultural body, the level of "personal existence of corporeality". As for the female corporeality, since the Ancient Greek philosophy does not provide the status of an epistemological subject for a woman, she remains at the level of "social body".


Aim . We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of conservative treatment for pronational contracture of the forearm, depending on the contracture severity. Materials and methods . This study was based on the results of the examination and treatment of children experiencing cerebral palsy with upper limb involvement. The main criterion for patient selection was the presence of pronational contracture of the forearm, both isolated and in combination with other contractures in the upper limb joints. Three patient groups were formed based on the pronounced pronation contracture of the forearm. Results and conclusions . Previous research has established that with the increase in the degree of severity of pronation contracture, the effectiveness of conservative treatment decreases in general. Conservative treatment of patients with a deficiency of active supination of the forearm of > 90° is ineffective. The use of botulinum toxins type A and RFD in groups II and III is ineffective. Conservative treatment with botulinum toxins type A achieved good results only in patients of group I. The RFD method had a longer lasting; however, there were significantly more complications. The use of botulinum toxins type A (m. pronator teres) among patients with pronational contracture of the forearm with the possibility of active supination of the forearm > 90° significantly improved the result of basic conservative treatment.


The strategies adopted by Steps Outreach Service to help the homeless young people of Melbourne are highlighted. The service consists of a small team of workers and volunteers who engage with young homeless people. The Step worker takes on the role of a significant adult in the young person's life that they can trust and rely on.


Virus diseases affecting spring melon production in the Yuma area include zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), watermelon mosaic virus II (WMV2), watermelon mosaic virus I (WMV1) which is also known as papaya ring spot, and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). These viruses are primarily transmitted by aphids, although mechanical transmission is possible. During the spring of 1991 aphid populations in the Yuma area were unusually high and remained so through most of the season due to mild temperatures. In addition to aphids as vectoring agents, a source of inoculum is required for virus transmission. The watermelon mosaic viruses and CMV have a wide host range among local weeds, while ZYMV is believed to be largely dependent on other members of the cucurbit family. Both vector and source of inoculum were present in adequate numbers to cause widespread infection in cantaloupe fields. It is difficult to distinguish the virus by leaf symptoms which include green and yellow mosaic, raised blisters, distorted growth and flower abortion. A qualified diagnostic laboratory using the ELISA procedure is required to make a positive identification.


On the basis of the issues occurring in practical production, an experimental study on the influence of cooling media flow upon the surface temperatures of LP turbine blades is carried out on a turbine. The experiment results show that, when the tolerance range of the cooling media flow is narrowed, the surface temperature difference of the blades in blade row is also narrowed evidently, while it has no obvious relation to the "corresponding probability" between the cooling media flow and the blade surface temperature. A few blades even show a "full non-corresponding" relationship. The reason of this phenomenon is that the vortex-matrix type inner cooling structure of blades makes the casting process more complex. The experiment results are helpful to the confirmation of the water flow tolerance in reason and the perfection of the process detail.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


Abstract This paper describes the results of an experiment involving credible interval temperature forecasts. A credible interval is an interval of values of the variable of concern, in this case maximum or minimum temperature, accompanied by a probability which expresses a forecaster's "degree of belief" that the temperature will fall in the given interval. The experiment was designed to investigate the ability of fore-casters to express the uncertainty inherent in their temperature forecasts in probabilistic terms and to compare two approaches (variable-width and flied-width intervals) to credible interval temperature forecasting. Four experienced weather forecasters participated in the experiment, which was conducted at the National Weather Service Forecast Office in Denver, Colorado. Two forecasters made variable-width, fixed-probability forecasts using 50% and 75% intervals, while the other two forecasters made fixed-width, variable-probability forecasts using 5°F and 9°F intervals. On each occasion ...


I N conformity with one of the characteristics of our time, present-day international relations are complex. To the economic, political, and other familiar factors in the dealings of nations, many newer interrelated elements have been added, and modern statecraft is concerned with such varied problems as those arising from the reciprocal implications of commerce and domestic measures designed to prevent the introduction of animal and plant diseases, and the tendency of radio communication and aerial transportation to obliterate frontiers. Moreover, this is indeed the New World. Two republics have been created and three states have been added to our own Union within the present century, while areas measurable only by hundreds of thousands of square miles remain virtually unexplored. The accident of geographical isolation and the imposed self-reliance in the early days of colonization and the later wars of independence have profoundly influenced the social and political theories of the American nations; in conse-


In Reply. —We thank Dr Vandenbroucke for pointing out the interesting passage from the book by Woods and Russell. We do not know why Bayes' ideas have become lost in the teaching of medical statistics. Perhaps the recent proliferation of the statistical jungle has made it more difficult for physicians to see the forest for theP's.


In this paper, a decoding technique for the concatenated codes based on the Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem code (BCH) and the low density parity check (LDPC) is proposed. It is based on the berlekamp-massey and sum-product algorithms. The output values delivered by the sum-product algorithm, after a fixed number of iterations, are used as input values to perform Berlekamp-massey decoding. The proposed approach present high performance and reduce the Bit Error Rate (BER). Several examples of simulation are tested by the widely used Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) model and Binary Phase shift Keying (BPSK) modulation. Finally, this solution is validated by the 64x64 grayscale Lena image. The obtained results provide significantly improved system performances in term of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).


Many observers, both ancient and modern, have noted the beneficial effects of exile. One can argue that if exile is "the making of the historian", it would appear that a person could not be one without it in the ancient Greek world, at least one worth talking about. Exile must have profoundly affected the lives and output of the historians who experienced it. This chapter shows that we must be on guard not to be careless in our use of the word 'exile', a term that can cover a variety of experiences, some of which would not have shaped the historian's views in quite the way Ronald Syme, for one, seems to imagine. It generates at least some cause for doubt regarding some of the pieces of testimony used by ancients and moderns to claim that particular Greek historians were exiled. Keywords: exile; Greek historians; Ronald Syme


This paper is concerned with the robust estimation of signal auto regressive and moving average (ARMA) model parameters in noise. The original noisy measurement with high sampling rate is prefiltered by using a moving average process. The fast modes of signal are obtained by using the leading section of the data and the closely spaced slow modes are calculated from the decimated trailing section of the data. The MA coefficients are extracted from the estimated AR coefficients by solving a normal equation with singular value decomposition (SVD) and spectral factorization in frequency domain.


The 13th International Meeting on Human Genome Variation and Complex Genome Analysis (HGV2012: Shanghai, China, 6th–8th September 2012) was a stimulating workshop where researchers from academia and industry explored the latest progress, challenges, and opportunities in genome variation research. Key themes included advancements in next‐generation sequencing (NGS) technology, investigation of common and rare diseases, employing NGS in the clinic, utilizing large datasets that leverage biobanks and population‐specific cohorts, and exploration of genomic features.


March 21-22 will see the Adelaide Hilton host the fifth Paydirt Uranium Conference. After a lacklustre performance over the previous two years, the second half of 2010 saw a recovery in both uranium prices and stocks. Ahead of the conference Paydirt takes a look at the issues and stories driving the industry.


Polyolefin film products are in a state of continuous improvement in regard to their physical properties, aesthetic features, durability during processing, weatherability, and various types of special effects. Accordingly, the polymer producers of these film grade products, as well as the manufacturers of the downstream films are always interested in new developments in additive technology these type of properties. This presentation will begin by providing an overview of stabilization fundamentals, and recent advances along those lines. It will end with new directions that are being taken, above and beyond stabilization, into new additive technologies that provide innovative effects to the plastic articles in specific end use applications.


Corrosion fatigue tests were carried out in synthetic seawater in order to clarify the temperature effect on the corrosion fatigue strength of coated steel and the effectiveness of coating films of welded joints for the corrosion fatigue strength, which ship classification societies' rules stipulate. Specimens, made of NK class KA32 TMCP steel plate in 10mm thickness had the notches of stress concentration factor 2.0 at both sides to simulate the stress concentration due to welding at the welded joints. They were exposed to air for 20 days, sprinkled water twice a day to simulate the shipbuilding practice, made surface preparation and finally coated with tar epoxy resin paint. As the results of the tests, the fatigue strengths of the coated specimens in seawater were almost equivalent to those of non-coated ones in lower cycle region, while they were improved in higher cycle region. However, the fatigue strengths of coated specimens of 300 μm in film thickness were still inferior to those of non-coated specimens in air. The temperature effects were explained in terms of corrosion factor K c , i.e., reduction ratio of corrosion fatigue strength against the one at 25 °C. K c indicates 1.03 ∼ 1.17 at 40 ∼ 60 °C. Cracks started from small pits of 30 - 40 μm in depth under coating films, which had initiated during water sprinkling, and the films were fractured later. Specimen with film thickness of 200 μm and over could maintain the same level of fatigue strength as the one of exposed specimens tested in air.


A summary of Milton Friedman's life and academic achievements. What we can and should learn from him - and why we should not merely adopt his policy recommendations but continue to adapt his principles and modify his agenda.


of An Econometric Rationing Model for the Labour Market. September 1982 H. Meersman J. Plasmans In section 1 of this paper Walrasian and effective demands and supplies are derived, based on a Johansen-type utility function and a competitive short run C.E.S.-production technology in two labour inputs: the number of employed people and the number of (average) working hours per employed person. Since we have 3 markets, 8 quantity rationing regimes occur. The resulting spill-over effects of these quantity rationing regimes are evaluated. In the second section, an econometric estimation procedure for a quantity rationing model with 3 markets is derived, based on the 2-market estimation method of Gourieroux-Laffont-Mnnfnrt i~oQn ~ `~.,~v a~ . it is proved that, in general, the model is not always statistically identified. This problem is solved by taking one of the dependent variables as exogenously determined (in our case: the labour force participation or the supply of workers). In the last section, it is assumed that the agents know in theory the constraints perceived on the other markets, as was the case with the derivation of the effective demands and supplies in section 1. Then, the joint likelihood function of the 3-market quantity rationing model, derived in section 2, is evaluated by means of the spill-over effects, derived in.section 1. The result is a complete and statistically identified quantity-ratïoning model for 3 markets.


The present invention provides a superior TRPM8 activation processing plant extract, manufacturing method, and use of the cool feeling agent and the activator TRPM8 the plant material processed. The manufacturing method is a method for producing nutmeg processed material, characterized in that includes simultaneous (v / v) aqueous alcohol solution or more selected from H and a protonic acid type cation exchange resin is one kind of the above with alcohol or 25% nutmeg extract or a step process.


Geothermal areas are unique. Therefore, it can be developed to become a geotourism destination. Limboto Lake plain has geothermal potential which is indicated by the appearance of several points of manifestation. This study aims to assess the value of science, education, tourism and the risk of degradation in the geothermal area of the Limboto Lake plain unit. The method used is the assessment of the value of science, education, tourism and the risk degradation issued by the Geological Agency. The assessment was carried out in two geothermal areas located on the plain of Lake Limboto, namely Geothermal Pentadio. The research results showed that the weighting of the criteria for the values of science, education, tourism and the risk degradation in the Pentadio geothermal area were 73.75%, 73.75%, 75%, 65%, respectively.


OBJECTIVE
To construct the recombinant plasmid of RCAS1, to express and purify its fusion protein GST-RCAS1, and to investigate its biological function.

METHODS
RCAS1 encoding gene was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA extract of MCF-7 cells and was ligated with expression plasmid vector pGEX-2T by T4 DNA ligase after digested by the restricted endonucleases BamH I and EcoR I. Then the ligated products were inserted into competence JM109 E. Coli and the positive recombinants were identified by restriction endonuclease digestion assay and DNA sequencing. The GST-RCAS1 fusion protein expression was induced by IPTG in BL21 E. Coli and was purified with GST column and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting with anti-GST monoclonal antibody, anti-RCAS1 (N-18) and anti-RCAS1 (C-20) polyclonal antibody. The apoptosis of activated T cells induced by GST-RCAS1 fusion protein was detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining.

RESULT
A 642 bp product was cloned by RT-PCR and the recombinant plasmid was constructed successfully. The GST-RCAS1 fusion protein was recognized by GST monoclonal antibody and RCAS1(N-18 and C-20) polyclonal antibody. FACS analysis showed that GST-RCAS1 fusion protein induced apoptosis in activated T cells.

CONCLUSION
The recombinant plasmid of RCAS1 has been successfully constructed and the GST-RCAS1 fusion protein expressed and purified. The apoptosis inducing effect of GST-RCAS1 fusion protein on activated T cells is demonstrated.


In 2011, by 1.3 mm wavelength VLBI radio wave observations of the SgrA*, Fish, V. L. et al showed that the emissions tightly related to the formation of a black hole shadow have a remarkably large time-varying feature within a region of less than 50 μas. The present paper suggests that the origin of the time variation in the observed emission is due to effects of the orbital motion of the existing super-massive black hole binary orbiting at SgrA* with a period of 2150±2.5 s. This suggestion is based on observations of decameter radio wave pulses from SgrA*. We show a good correlation between the time variation in the coherent flux density of the VLBI results and the time variation model of estimated emission intensities based on the periodic motion of the super-massive black hole binary by applying parameters deduced from the decameter radio wave pulse observation model (DRWP-Model). With further confirmation by Fourier analyses of the potential periodicity of the VLBI data that show the same periods of DRWP Model, we conclude that the time variation detected by the 1.3 mm wavelength radio wave VLBI is evidence of an existing super-massive black hole at Sgr A*.


New approach to optimization of reflective LCD, based on "Polarization Transformation Efficiency" (PTE) conception, is presented. This approach is used for optimization of one-polarizer RLCD in RTN mode. We have found the conditions, which enable to realize perfect dark and bright states in RTN-LCDs with a phase compensator between the polarizer and LC cell. We believe that the proposed new method of LCD optimization can be successfully applied for the definition of the new advanced LCD configurations with a high brightness, contrast and duty ratio.


Abstract An attempt is made to see recent developments in knowledge representation, clustered around Minsky 's theory of frames, and the more classical modeling of natural processes, originating in Newton's mechanics, in a unified perspective. Defining knowledge as homomorphic representation, we view classical models as capable of providing behavioral knowledge but lacking in capability to represent important structural knowledge and meta-knowledge. He discuss a framework, inspired by system theoretic concepts, for combining structural and behavioral representation in a form suitable for goal-directed model construction. We conclude by drawing several implications of this approach for system design, artificial intelligence, modeling, and simulation.


After entering the internet era,blog has been popularized quickly.Its traits of liberty,equality,and openness meet the needs of students,so the college students group becomes one of the most active communities which are using blog.This paper analyses the characteristics of the blog and students,especially the positive and negative impact of the blog on students.


................................................................................................................. ....ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................... ...iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................... ....v VITA .............................................................................................................................. ..vii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................... ..xii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... .xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. .....1 1.1 Problem Statement ............................................................................................... 1 1.2 Research Significance .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objectives and Scope ........................................................................................... 3 1.4 Organization ......................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ....................................................... .....5 2.1 Previous Research on Codes and Standards ......................................................... 5 2.2 Experimental Research and Analysis Procedures ................................................ 6 2.2.1 Experimental Testing Studies ........................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Purely Analytical Studies ................................................................................. 9 2.3 Previous Research on Simplified Progressive Collapse Modeling .................... 10 CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENTAL TESTING AND BUILDING DESCRIPTION ....... ...13 3.


Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical performance and the effect on dose distribution and deliverability of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans for prostate cancer created with the commercial knowledge-based planning (KBP) system (RapidPlan™). Materials and Methods: Three institutions, A, B, and C were enrolled in this study. Each institution established and trained a KBP model with their own cases. CT data and structures for 45 patients at institution B were utilized to validate the dose-volume parameters (D2(%), D95(%), and D98(%) for target, and V50(%), V75(%), and V90(%) for rectum and bladder), and the following mechanical performance parameters and gamma passing rates of each KBP model: leaf sequence variability (LSV), aperture area variability (AAV), total monitor unit (MU), modulation complexity score for VMAT (MCSv), MU/control point (CP), aperture area (AA)/CP, and MU×AA/CP. Results: Significant differences (p<0.01) in dosimetric parameters such as D2 and D98 for target and V50, V75, and V90 for bladder were observed among the three institutions. The means and standard deviations of MCSv were 0.31±0.03, 0.29±0.02, and 0.32±0.03, and the angles of maximum and minimum MU×AA/CP were 269° and 13°, 269° and 13°, and 273° and 153° at institutions A, B, and C, respectively. The mean gamma passing rate (1%/1 mm.) was >95% for all cases in each institution. Dose distribution and mechanical performance significantly differed between the three models. Conclusion: Each KBP model had different dose distributions and mechanical performance but could create an acceptable plan for deliverability regardless of mechanical performance.


Particulate matter (PM) of 10‐μm‐sized fine dust in the air penetrates the respiratory tract and contributes to the increasing incidence of various lung diseases, but its definite mechanism is not known. Recently, polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) has been shown to have anti‐inflammatory and regenerative effects in various tissues. However, the bronchial‐related mechanism is not well‐understood. Hence, this experiment is intended to demonstrate the beneficial effect of PDRN administration on PM10‐induced injury in human bronchial‐derived NCI‐H358 cells. To confirm the protective effect of PDRN, PM10 was applied after PDRN pretreatment to confirm changes in NCI‐H358 cells. Experiments were conducted to measure cell survival, cytotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptotic factor changes. WST‐8 assay was used to confirm cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase assay was used to obtain cytotoxicity. In addition, changes in inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic factors were confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot. Decreased cell viability and increased cytotoxicity, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic factors were observed after exposure to PM10. However, pretreatment with PDRN enhanced cell viability and reduced cytotoxicity. In addition, the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and IL‐1β, and cell death factors such as Apaf‐1, cyt c, caspase‐3, caspase‐9, Bid, and Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio were decreased by PDRN administration in PM10‐exposed NCI‐H358 cells. PDRN, an A2AR agonist, affects cAMP activation and regulation of phosphorylation of PKA and CREB. In addition, treatment with A2AR antagonist 3,7‐dimethyl‐1‐propargylxanthine significantly blocked PDRN's effect. These anti‐cytotoxicity, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐apoptosis effects of PDRN can be attributed to the adenosine A2AR enhancing effect on PM10‐exposed bronchial cells.


China's new round of power system reform has further released market vitality, making the power market more open and diversified. Meanwhile, China's power market faces various risks and challenges incurred by this new reform, which further highlights the importance of the compliance management. However, the study on effective compliance management of China's power market is missing, and the way to achieving effective compliance management is still unanswered. This paper tries to fill the research gap using the evolutionary game theory. We constructed a tripartite game model to analyze the strategic choices and influencing factors of power generators, compliance departments of the trading centre, and government regulatory agencies. Furthermore, simulation analysis was conducted based on evolutionary stable strategies. The results show that effective compliance management can be achieved without government supervision if the market mechanism is properly designed. In addition, the costs and profits of market participants and regulators are important factors influencing the effectiveness of compliance management. Our findings may arouse inspiration for the policy makers to construct an effective compliance management system.


In the assessment process of weapons systems, scientifically selecting indicators for assessing the system is critical. Principal Component Analysis is a convenient, effective mathematic method for resolving multivariate and high-dimension problems in multivariant statistics. The principal component analysis method is used to determine the weight of the indicators according to the correlation of the indicators in fighting efficiency assessment, or the variational degree of each item for avoiding the deviation caused by human factors. The experiment proved that the principal component analysis method is of important practical significance.


This study aims to the effect of product utilitarian on switching of premium to pertalite products in Bengkalis. The independent variable is productutilitarian and the dependent variable is switching. The type of research used is associative research with a quantitative approach by collecting primary data through a survey method by distributing questionnaires to 100 consumers who have used pertalitein Bengkalis. Data processing uses the SPSS 23 application. The data analysis used is descriptive analysis, classical assumption, simple linier regression, and t-test. Based on the tests carried out, the results of this study indicate that the product utilitarian has a positive and significant effect on the switching of premium to pertalite products. The quality T value product utilitarian 11.805 which shows that utilitarian affect switching then can be seen with the analysis R square 0.587, which means that 58.7% variables of ProductUtilitariancan affect the variable of s Switching, and 41.3% Other variable that affect products switchingoutside of this study. Respondentsprefer to switch premium products to Pertalite because the quality of Pertalite is good for vehicles, it is more economical and the materials used are more environmentally friendly.


Persistent bacteremia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a growing clinical problem. To date, no treatment strategy has been established for such infections. Some clinicians continue vancomycin and add either an aminoglycoside or a rifamycin; others switch to linezolid — an oxazolidinone — with or without …


Objective: To compare the efficacy difference in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation( LDH) between the blood- pricking treatment with remaining syringes needle at Weizhong( BL40) and being cupped after the blood- pricking at the same point at once,and to explore the analgesic mechanism. Methods: The sixty cases were randomized into the therapy group( 30 cases) and the control group( 30 cases). The two groups were given the conventional acupuncture therapy. In addition,in the therapy group,the syringe needle remained for several minutes after the blood- pricking at Weizhong( BL40) until the blood stopped pumping frome the veins. Additionally,in the control group,the cupping therapy was used after the blood- pricking at Weizhong( BL40) for 5- 10 mintutes. Before and after treatment,the three measures including visal analogue scal( VAS),angle of stright leg raising( ASLR),walking time were adopted to determine analgesic effect and clinical efficacy. Results: In the therapy group,the curative and effective rate was 70. 3%( 22 /30),which was apparently superior to 56. 7%( 17 /30) in the control group( P 0. 01). Compared the treament before and after treatment,the VAS was blower than before( P 0. 01),ASLR was higher( P 0. 01),walking time was longer( P 0. 01) in the two groups. The three measures in the therapy group were apparently superior to the control group( P 0. 05). Conclusion: The blood- letting therapy with keeping syringes needle has a better therapeutic effect on lumbar disc herniation,which is superior to the traditional blood- letting cupping medication at Weizhong( BL40) point.