Objective To explore clinical value of the hypercator through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in management of the central tracheobronchial stenosis resulted by tumors.Methods Thirty-eight tumor(malignant and benign) cases with the central tracheobronchial stenosis were treated with the hypercator through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope.Improvement of clinical features,atelectasis,airway diameters and pulmonary function were evaluated after treatment.Results Through treatment,the clinical symptoms such as frequent expectoration,fever and dyspnea were released completely,and irritable cough(94.4%),hemoptysis(87.5%) were greatly improved.The recovery rate of atelectasis was 92%.The unobstructed,central airway was observed either malignant or benign tumors were 100% at the end of treatment,and still 94.7% 3 monthes later.There were significant differences in the dyspnea index and pulmonary function between before and after treatment(P0.001).Seldom complications and low relapse rate were found in these patients.Conclusion The hypercator through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope was a simple,effective and safe method to treat the central tracheobronchial stenosis induced by tumors,and widely utilized in our country.


ABSTRACT This article is based on several years of research done by the two authors, one of whom is Deaf and the other hearing. The paper discusses research done within the Deaf community using sign language. This is an estimated 50,000 people–the same number as those whose first language is Welsh. The Deaf community sees itself as a linguistic and cultural minority and as such is quite distinct from people with an acquired hearing loss, or those who are hard of hearing and who usually rely on written and spoken English through lipreading or writing things down. The paper sets this research in the context of cross-cultural research and looks at its connections with emancipatory research. The central discussion is in the form of a dialogue between the Deaf and hearing researchers and their personal responses to cultural differences. In the past Deaf people have been denied the opportunity of making their opinions known because research has used written or spoken language. Our research, using videocameras t...


This study purports to examine the various factors influencing mayoral leadership in Korean local politics. To do so, special attention has been paid to the comparison of the relative importance of mayors' individual traits and structural factors such as the characteristics of local political elites and local socioeconomic conditions. While other studies on mayoral leadership have focused on the personal characteristics of mayors, this study has paid more balanced attention to the variety of factors influencing mayoral leadership in Korea. The empirical analysis to test the relationship between these factors and mayoral leadership is based on a survey distributed to all local mayors, council members, and high-rank bureaucrats. The results of the analyses show that mayoral leadership is significantly related with local socioeconomic conditions and characteristics of local political elites rather than individual characteristics of mayors.


With infertility on the rise, affecting one in six people, I lawyers are advising more couples and doctors about the legal ramifications of new reproductive technologies. 2 Although adoption is a more traditional means of providing children to infertile couples, adopting a child can take four to seven years3 due to the reduced supply of available infants. In recent years couples have been looking for alternatives to adoption resulting in an increased use of artificial inseminationS and surrogate mothers. In a surrogate motherhood arrangement a woman produces a child for a couple or single person by becoming impregnated through artificial insemination with the husband's sperm. 6 The woman carries the fetus to term, and surrenders the child for adoption to the couple. 7 Surrogate birth has the advantage of providing the couple with the biological child of the husband. A similar technique becoming available is in vitro fertilization (IVF), commonly known as the "test tube baby" technique. 9 IVF is a procedure by which an egg surgically is removed from the ovary and placed in a shallow dish with a special medium and


Background : Burning mouth syndrome is currently defined as a type of chronic orofacial pain of unknown etiology; however, several publications describe this syndrome as a neurological disorder with multifactorial pathogenesis in which psychogenic, endocrine, and neuropathic factors are involved. The objective of this article is to propose an etiopathogenic model of BMS based on clinical and preclinical evidence published to date. Methods : Through a systematic bibliographic search in 4 scientific databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Embase and the Cochrane library, of articles published in English in the last 20 years. Results : We dare to propose BMS as a trigeminal small-fiber sensory neuropathy influenced by low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, in a scenario of intestinal dysbiosis or psychiatric disorders and exacerbated in peri or postmenopausal women, due to neuroprotective steroid deficiency and greater propensity to psychological disturbances. Conclusion : It is necessary to develop lines of research linked to the taxonomic and functional characterization of the intestinal microbiome in patients with BMS and to compare it with that obtained in mentally ill patients without BMS against a control group, in order, to elucidate its pathogenesis and find new therapeutic targets that allow us to better manage the syndrome, with stable responses over time.


This study tried to make a comparative study between two daily English newspapers of Los Angeles Times and Tehran Times in terms of representing negotiations of nuclear program of Iran. To this end, 8 reports in relation to the negotiations of nuclear program of Iran were gathered from the websites of two newspapers which were grouped and analyzed in terms of the utilized discursive strategies resorting to the discursive micro and macro-strategies suggested by Van Dijk (2000). In order to have more dependable results, the gathered data was numerated and tabulated. The results of the study showed that the Los Angeles Times tended to utilize the Authoritative, Explanation, Evidentiality and Counterfactual discursive strategies; whereas, the Tehran Times utilized the Actor Description, Hyperbole, Lexicalization, Repetition and Situation Description discursive strategies.


In order to reduce the eyelash influencing on iris recognition rate, an eyelashes detection algorithm is proposed based on adaptive threshold. Based on the iris localization, gray morphological operation is used to accurately localize eyelids. According to the gray distribution of the parabolic pixel point after the upper eyelid parabolic moving down, the adaptive threshold is used to segment the eyelashes. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional eyelash detection algorithm, it is not necessary for the algorithm to set up more parameters, which embodies the simplicity to maximize the results of eyelash segmentation.


The purposeof the proposed research is to create a metaphysical portrait sketch of Melitopol in the symbolic circle "honey -milk -water" in the context of attracting symbolic resources problem in tourism.In an intensive way, and following thestrengtheningof homo viator phenomenon in the global world, research in the touristic field and philosophy of tourism are increasingly turning their attention to the "internal resource", including in this concept, in addition to natural and cultural-historical, also symbolic resource. The work uses such methods as dialectical and metaphysical, the principle of comprehensiveness of research, the general logical method, and other methods of scientific research. Tourist legend as an applied direction can become an effective marketing mechanism, as a result of which it is possible, using a symbolic resources variety and tools, to create humanitarian and social development perspectives, agreed and identified through analysis of mythological structures and conceptual shells for harmonious and effective development of these territories. In this aspect, tourism as oneof the mass culture branches will produce tourist flows directed to previously elaboratedterritorial brands.


There is a growing interest, within contemporary ethical and political philosophy, in the theories of the classical American pragmatists. One of the reasons for this interest is the pragmatist's tendency to ground normative notions such as "right", "good" and "truth" within human practices, without thereby reducing such notions to those human practices. This thesis addresses a gap in this literature by articulating and defending an account of pragmatist ethics based in the work William James.

James is often overlooked in contemporary scholarship precisely because he appears to offer an account in which our normative notions are reducible to what individuals and communities happen to believe. Contrary to the majority of both contemporary and historical interpretations of James, this thesis argues that James is in fact interested in presenting a form of ethical realism. By drawing extensively from his work on ethics and other areas, especially the metaphysics which occupied his later life, this thesis argues that James can be seen as providing an objectivist and realist account of ethics, whilst at the same time maintaining a commitment to the role that individuals play within inquiry, and to pluralism about value. As such, the Jamesian approach provides an interesting alternative and addition to other contemporary approaches to pragmatist ethics.


Anxiety disorders commonly co-occur in children and adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Recently, treatment of anxiety using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been modified and studied in youth with ASD, with results consistently demonstrating positive treatment outcomes. In typically developing populations, CBT gains are well maintained as long as 14-years posttreatment; however, maintenance of CBT has not yet been studied in anxious youth with ASD. Using a sample of 32 youth who previously completed one of three CBT for anxiety in ASD treatment studies, the present study re-assessed parent report of anxiety symptoms in youth, 12-26 months (M = 17.16 Months; SD = 4.32) following treatment completion. Retrospective data from the original studies' screening/baseline and post-treatment time points were used in combination with newly obtained followup data to determine treatment maintenance. Compared to baseline, follow-up scores on all measures of anxiety were associated with large effects for treatment. Compared to post-treatment, no significant differences in scores were observed; however, scores on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale suggested a small effect for return in symptoms. While the percentage of individuals with remission of their primary anxiety diagnosis was identical at post-treatment and follow-up, significantly fewer individuals were rated as responders at follow-up as compared to post-treatment. Similar to CBT for anxiety in neurotypical youth, CBT for anxiety in youth with ASD appears to be relatively durable over a one to two year interval. Despite this, a significant portion of participants demonstrate some level of symptom regression. Future study should investigate factors associated with poor treatment maintenance, as well as modifications or additions to treatment protocols (e.g., booster sessions) that may help maintain treatment gains.


The main goals of this research are: 1. To ide nt fy the presence of the six dimensions and indica tors of media competence in the assessment criteria of each academic subject of the second cycle of Primary Education (Decree 26/2007, May 4, by which the Primary Education Curriculum in the autonomous región of La Rioja (C.A.R.) was established). 2. To point out t he correspondence between the dimensions and indicators of media competence and t he assessment criteria in each academic subject. A descriptive and evaluationoriented research methodology has been employed. In particular, the research technique known as conten t analysis has been used to describe the contents of legal documents in a syste matic and objective way. Media education or audiovisual communication educat ion should have been introduced in the schools of L a Rioja in accordance with the European Parliament's recommendation of De cember 2008. Hence media education should be part o f the curricula of all levels of education. In this sense, the necessity of perio dic assessment of the level of audiovisual competen c degree can be argued, in the same way as other evaluations -PISA or local onesare performed in order to promote media educa tion in compulsory education.


The invention relates to a method for detecting potential target regions of a remote sensing image on the basis of a monitoring method. The method can be applied to detection and positioning of various interested target regions of the remote sensing image under a complex background. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps: when detecting the various potential regions of the remote sensing image, extracting the corresponding saliency characteristic component; training by utilizing the saliency characteristic in a training sample to acquire parameters of an SVM (support vector machine) classifier; applying the classifier which is trained well to a test image to acquire a saliency map of the test image; and segmenting the saliency map by an adaptive threshold segmentation method to acquire a binary image of the target potential regions. The method is high in detection precision and low in false alarm rate and has obvious advantages in comparison with the conventional method.


In view of the future demand for data to service a diverse array of military tasks,the article based on the fully research of military data isomerism,distributed storage,service mode variety of status,analyzes the capability of the data applications demand,puts forward the information integration oriented military data center architecture and component technology,expounds the features of architecture and key technology,commendably solves the problems of the current data service,and lays the foundation for the intending military data engineering construction.


The paper has analyzed the theory of accident-causing,shown characteristic of inherent safety in coal mine based on controlling the factors of causing accident,proposed the structural model of inherent safety in coal mine and the system of support and guarantee to promote realization of inherent safety in coal mine.Enlarging the fund for supporting safety,perfecting safety administration regulations,setting up rational safe administration organization,internal supervising and standardizing are thoroughly discussed.It is concluded that the good systems of support and guarantee can effectively promote realization of inherent safety in coal mine.


The short-term effects of varying the quantities of herbage allocated (15, 25, 35, 55 kg DM cow-1, day-1) to lactating Jersey cows strip grazing 3-week regrowths of nitrogen-fertilized Panicum maximum cv. Gatton panic pastures, upon the diet selected, milk production, milk and milk fat composition and grazing time, were measured. Sixteen cows were used in a latin-square design with experimental periods of 1 4 days. With increasing herbage allowance milk yields rose, averaging 8.9, 9.9, 10.4 and 10.6 kg milk cow-1, day-1 respectively. A lower solids-not-fat percentage in milk from cows receiving 15 kg DM cow-1, day-1 and a lower percentage protein from cows receiving 15 and 25 kg DM cow-1 day-1 indicated a lower intake of digestible energy by cows at these lower herbage allowances. Molar percentages of short-chain fatty acids in milkfat (C6, C8, C10, C14) increased linearly and oleic acid (C18:1) decreased linearly as herbage allowance increased, showing that a higher proportion of the milk fat was coming from energy in the feed and a smaller proportion from body reserves. Cows selectively grazed leaf from the uppermost layers of the swards. As herbage allowance was restricted, a higher proportion of pasture was eaten and this came mainly from pasture growing 10 cm or more above ground level. Total time spent grazing was similar for all herbage allowances but the proportion of night grazing was consistently lower at the higher intensities of grazing.


is the q-Pochhammer symbol. Here a1, . . . , ar, b1, . . . , bs and q are complex parameters. In this paper we always assume (1) aiq n 6= 1 and bjq 6= 1 (i = 1, . . . , r, j = 1, . . . , s, n = 0, 1, 2, . . .) so that the factors (ai; q)n and (bj; q)n in the terms of the series are never zero. Let vn be the terms of the series rφs which contain z . Then we have vn+1 vn = (1− a1q)(1− a2q) · · · (1 − arq) (1 − qn+1)(1 − b1q) · · · (1− bsq) (−q)z


Leveraging Pranalytica's fundamental research into high power and high wallplug efficiency QCL devices and high performance/reliability QCL packaging technologies, we developed several models of turn-key QCL systems for security-related applications. Our tabletop high power system produces, at room temperature, more than 2W of nominally collimated continuous wave radiation at 4.6 μm. Our flashlight-size portable illuminator at 4.6 μm produces over 100 mW average power portable illuminator at 9.6 μm produces more than 20 mW, both with runtime of ~10 hrs. These systems are opening the window of QCL acceptance into real-world security and defense applications. At chip level, we have demonstrated 3W of CW power at room temperature from a single, high reflectivity coated chip.


doi: 10.5694/mja15.00718 The Todd River, Alice Springs. Photo taken in March 2015. When I first looked at a map of Alice Springs, the ephemeral Todd River was marked as a deceptive blue snake, winding its way through the centre of town. For the local Arrernte people, the river is known as Lhere Mparntwe. In my head, I pictured a desert oasis, brown-skinned children gleaming with sun and water, screaming with glee as they plunged from rope swings into the cool river water. During my first week in Alice, somebody told me that it's only after you have seen the river flow three times that you can be considered a local. The rest of the time it is just a dusty creek bed, filled with the soft rusty sand that has now found its way into almost every item that I own.


Providing a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell having high durability. Membrane - electrode - to provide a frame assembly, a pair of separators, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell formed by stacking unit cells module configured with a. Membrane - electrode - frame assembly includes a frame having an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer containing a polymer electrolyte membrane and the anode and cathode catalysts, disposed on the periphery of the catalyst layer with the electrolyte membrane, the inner periphery of the rectangular It has a body, and a pair of gas diffusion layers disposed on both surfaces of the catalyst layer with the electrolyte membrane. Each pair of gas diffusion layers are disposed so as to cover the inner peripheral portion of the frame. At least a portion of the thickness of the corner portions of the inner peripheral portion of the frame is smaller than the thickness of the linear edge portion of the inner peripheral portion of the frame. .FIELD 6


Net Trust is a fraud-detection application that enhances security while protecting privacy. Net Trust identifies fraudulent Web sites by aggregating individual opinions, user-selected browsing histories, and third-party information. In this paper, we examine the security properties intrinsic to the implementation of the Net Trust ratings system. The ratings system protects against attacks by limiting diffusion of information to those with whom there is an off-line trust relationship. We also propose a richclient/ thin-server implementation architecture and examine the privacy properties of this architecture. The privacy properties function not only to prevent the compromising of user confidentiality, but also to make the ratings system more robust. By utilizing trusted off-line social networks, Net Trust enhances the security and privacy of the ratings data. The implementation architecture maintains high data availability while empowering browser-history owners with final control over data access. The Net Trust analysis we present illustrates the mutual reinforcement of individual privacy (defined as user control over personal information) and security (defined as the resiliency of data confidentiality and the efficacy of the rating system).


When people speak about psychological confrontation they refer to the way humans respond to external or internal circumstances. Depending on how they are evaluated by themselves, it can be said that when a person is facing a surplus situation scope, in this case chronic illness, all the skills and abilities of the individual are highlighted to cope. The adaptation to this new condition of life for both patients and their families involves a psychological effort to accept the diagnosis, the procedures for clinical care, being subjected to tests or medical examinations, specialist consultations and treatment with all the side effects which are almost always unwanted. It is during this process when patients evidence their psychological confrontation strategies that each one of the uses to deal with the disease in order to achieve balance or to reduce the anxiety caused by the stressful event. In order to understand this process more deeply, a mixed research was undertaken to characterize the facing strategies most used by a group of women in the region, and from the findings it was possible to construct a psychological intervention proposal aimed at strengthening these strategies that favor the recovery process of patients.


Hsa‐miR‐599 was identified as a tumor suppressor against cancer. This study aimed to explore possible mechanisms of antitumor effect of hsa‐miR‐599 against breast cancer. Tissue specimens were collected from 106 breast cancer cases, and breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 was cultured for in vitro experiments. The expression pattern of hsa‐miR‐599 was measured via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Lipofectamine® 2000 reagent was used for cell transfection. Cell viability, motility and apoptosis were detected using MTT assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometer, respectively. Protein analysis was performed via western blot. Hsa‐miR‐599 expression was decreased in breast cancer tissues and cells. Moreover, its expression was negatively correlated with TNM stage (p = 0.004) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.001). Enhanced hsa‐miR‐599 expression in breast cancer cells could induce the inhibition against cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and strengthen cell apoptosis. BRD4 might be a target of hsa‐miR‐599. Hsa‐miR‐599 combined with BRD4 inhibited breast cancer progression through targeting Jagged1/Notch1 pathway. Hsa‐miR‐599 expression is downregulated in breast cancer. Hsa‐miR‐599 may inactivate BRD4/Jagged1/Notch1 axis, thus suppressing malignant progression of breast cancer.


The seismic performance of terminal building 2 in Pudong international airport subjected to various earthquake inputs was investigated. A 1:35 scaled model structure was built and tested in the shaking table using a series of horizontal and vertical motions with gradually increasing amplitude. In addition, a 3D finite element analysis was carried out to gain a better understanding of the structural behavior. The model responses and numerical analysis showed that the building can sustain relatively high dynamic excitations without severe damage.


Rats receiving daily intraperitoneal administration of O2 and running on a treadmill covered an average distance of 482.8 ± 21.8 m/week as calculated during 5-week observation. This distance was increased in rats receiving daily intraperitoneal administration of an oxygen/O3 mixture at a dose of 100; 150; and 300 μg/kg with the maximum increase being +34.5% at 300 μg/kg and still present after stopping the administration of oxygen/O3. Oxygen/O3 decreased the mean arterial blood pressure (−13%), the heart rate (−6%), the gastrocnemius and cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis and reduced by 49% the left ventricular mass and relative wall thickness measurements. Systolic and diastolic functions were improved in exercised oxygen/O3 rats compared to O2 rats. Oxygen/O3 treatment led to higher MPI index starting from the dose of 150 μg/kg (p < 0.05) and more effective (+14%) at a dose of 300 μg/kg oxygen/O3. Oxygen/O3 dose-dependently increased the expression of the antioxidant enzymes Mn-SOD and GPx1 and of eNOS compared to the exercised O2 rats. The same doses resulted in decrease of LDH levels, CPK, TnI, and nitrotyrosine concentration in the heart and gastrocnemius tissues, arguing a beneficial effect of the ozone molecule against the fatigue induced by a prolonged high intensity exercise.


During the construction of transmission line engineering in the mountain areas,the transport of engineering materials and construction tools is a difficult point as well as a key factor of the engineering progress and cost.In these areas fit for the application of aerial ropeway,such a technology can effectively reduce the cost and control the duration.


The remaining the shape of the cheese to the retort sterilization, the trolley cheese if Atatamere during eating, and stringing a good cheese, using the physical properties of the cheese under acidic conditions the taste of stable and source good retort pasta sauce has been disclosed. Cheese according to the invention is made with 0.5 to 5.0 wt% of trisodium citrate, and 0.5 to 10% by weight of trehalose, and mozzarella cheese, and a cheese non mozzarella, the mozzarella mass mixing ratio of the cheese and the cheese than the mozzarella cheese is 10: 90 to 100: 0 is a process cheese. .BACKGROUND


Many refractory oxide ceramics in fibrous form are efficient converters of the heat of combustion into radiant energy. Rare earth oxide ceramics, which are refractory and stable in flames, exhibit selective emission in the near IR where semiconductor photoconverters are efficient in converting radiant energy directly into electrical power. Ytterbia emitters and silicon photoconverters, in particular, constitute the basis for a high performance thermophotovoltaic energy conversion system. Ceramic fiber fabrication techniques are described that yield mechanically durable emitters in classical mantle geometries and in a novel planar form. This work has been supported by the Basic Research Group of the Gas Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois.


Spheres of carbon for which 2a/λ, the ratio between the diameter of the particle and the incident wave-length, is less than about scatter the light uniformly in all directions. The intensity of the scattered radiation for any angle is proportional to the square of the volume of the particle and inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wave-length. As the ratio 2a/λ increases from to and greater values, the diffused light collects more and more into a main beam that appears as a continuation of the incident ray and that decreases in width as 2a/λ increases. Blue light prevails in the scattered radiation. When the size of the particles is unknown, the intensity, distribution, and polarization of the scattered light give an at least approximate value for the radius.


If there is a bible that informs and guides American political thought, it is The Federalist. These essays, written to "sell" the proposed Constitution to delegates to the New York state constitutional convention, speak both to the moment and to all time, making them as this article suggests at once an inspiring and a puzzling work-one that has been variously analyzed and explained. The author here explores Thomas Hobbes's influence on the American Founders, arguing that they shared his view of the problem of politics and ultimately accepted his solution, albeit in modified form.


ABSTRACT As the baby boomers are aging, there is a growing population of seniors. This global phenomenon renders increasingly complicated new business issues and opportunities. In this paper, we analyze the demand in senior care management using the customer service life cycle approach. We then analyze the supply in senior care management based on the daily necessities seniors need, including health, money, eating, travelling, entertaining, living, clothing, and education. Based on the demand and supply classifications, we propose supply chain models of senior care management in three markets: frequent travel seniors, less healthy seniors, and elder seniors who need assisted living. The supply chain strategy for each model is analyzed.


The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the use of computer modeling and simulation as an effective analytical tool which can be integrated with representative data from user duty cycles to validate test data recorded from a vehicle. Computer modeling is an increasingly important design tool, but the necessity of real-world test data is often overlooked. This paper will present an example of the Logistics Vehicle System Replacment (LVSR), using real-world proving ground data as inputs to the vehicle model, as well as instrumented vehicle test data to validate outputs of the vehicle model.


Encouraging agricultural and forestry carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation is a necessary tool to meet U.S. emissions targets at minimum cost, but implementation challenges have relegated the agriculture and forestry sector to a marginal role in national and international cap-and-trade and energy policies, including those currently being discussed by U.S. legislators. However, there are policy solutions for the widely understood challenges for agriculture and forestry carbon offsets that would allow inclusion of this important sector into the U.S. carbon economy and ultimately reduce the overall cost of meeting greenhouse gas (GHG) emission targets for the nation. The agriculture and forestry sector of the U.S. economy are unique because land managers can do more than simply reduce their own emissions of such key greenhouse gases as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane. By adopting crop, soil, and livestock best management practices (BMPs), the sector can sequester additional carbon and/or replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, thus becoming part of the solution and providing carbon offsets for regulated sectors. The EPA estimates the mitigation potential of U.S. agriculture and forestry to be 10-25 percent of total annual U.S. GHG emissions. This potential is substantial, especially relative to emissions from the sector, estimated at about 8 percent of U.S. GHG emissions. Making the agriculture and forestry sector eligible for a compliance market is particularly attractive because many abatement options are cost-neutral or net-profit-positive, require low capital investment, and rely on existing technologies. Many BMPs for mitigation include additional environmental, food safety, and sustainability co-benefits, such as improving soil health by increasing soil organic matter, and protecting soil and water resources. With such significant potential, why has the agriculture and forestry sector remained relatively marginal in both international and national climate change and energy policies to date? The main reason is the challenges and uncertainties involved in implementation. Perhaps most daunting are concerns about high transaction costs for determination of carbon stock baselines, monitoring, and verification, especially for highly-variable soils, in a diverse sector with many individual enterprises. This sector also faces a unique set of challenges with issues of permanence, leakage, and additionality. Equity in distribution of carbon offset revenues is another factor, with small


Should governments accept the principle of devoting a proportion of their resources to funding basic research? From the standpoint of economics, science should be considered as a public good and for that reason it should be protected from market forces. This article tries to show that this result can only be maintained at the price of abandoning arguments traditionally deployed by economists themselves. It entails a complete reversal of our habitual ways of thinking about public goods. In order to bring this reversal about, this article draws on the central results obtained by the anthropology and sociology of science and technology over the past several years. Science is a public good, not because of its intrinsic properties but because it is a source of diversity and flexibility.


Calmodulin gene (CaM) - a calcium sensor was cloned by the technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from cereals and millets using single set of primer designed from Eleusine coracana ESTs available in dbEST database. The PCR amplicons of 613bp were consistently observed in all cereals and millets except Setaria italica. The amplicons from these cereals were further gel eluted, cloned, sequenced and subjected to homology search, multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic tree construction and motif analysis. The homology search con fi rmed their identity to CaM genes except for Triticum aestivum. Multiple sequence alignment of the translated CaM amino acid sequences con fi rmed the presence of conserved consensus sequences of 110 amino acids, which was uniformly observed across different cereals and millets except Sorghum bicolor. Phylogenetic tree constructed based on protein sequences of cloned CaM genes revealed closed evolutionary relationship between three varieties of Eleusine coracana (PRM-1, PRM-701 and PRM-801) and Hordeum vulgare as compared to other cereals and millets which also possess higher concentration of calcium in seeds. Thus indicates that structural variation in CaM has some role in the differential accumulation of calcium. Three EF-hands associated with a CaM gene were present consistently except Sorghum bicolor, having only two EF-hands. The in silico 3D-structural analysis of cloned sequences showed similar pattern and reveals high degree of conservation in CaM in terms of structure and interaction with calcium ions, thus re fl ecting to further investigate the role of CaM isoforms, their expression patterns and downstream interaction with transport machinery involved in calcium accumulation.


The effect of three different light qualities on growth, photosynthesis, quality and safe parameters of hydroponic cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were investigated indoor. Three different light qualities were created of red (660 nm), blue (450 nm) and green (550 nm) LEDs corresponding at ratio R660/B450 = 4/1 (RBL); R660/B450/G550= 5/2/3 (WWL); R660/B450/G550 = 1/1/1 (WL), which were tested at the same intensity (PPFD =190 μmol m-2 s-1). The results showed that the plant height and leaf number were the lowest in WL treatment. The SPAD, Net photosynthesis rate Pn, Fv/Fm, Leaf area index LAI values and all parameters of root characteristics were the highest in RBL treatment and were significantly different from two others. Fresh weight of stem, leaf and root, dry weight of root in the three light qualities were significantly different. In contrast, the highest K+ content in WL was different from WWL and RBL treatments, while Ca2+ and Fe2+ content were the highest in the RBL treatment. Vitamin C content was significantly different between the three treatments. nitrate and oxalic acid contents were the highest in WL treatment, whereas soluble–solids contents and vitamin C contents were the highest in RBL treatment. Oxalic acid, nitrate contents were observed tending reduced under WWL although oxalic acid content in RBL treatment was not different from WL and WWL treatments. In all three different light treatments were not detected Salmonella, E.coli. Our results suggest that RBL may be appropriate light for growth of spinach, but supplementary green light to a combination of red and blue LEDs at the reasonable rate can change the quality of spinach in a positive direction. Hydroponic cultivated spinach was safe for users.


The reform of talent cultivation mode is the hot issue of teaching reforms in colleges and universities as well as the key to deepen teaching reforms. Talent cultivation mode is an organic system that consists of such factors as education thoughts and concepts,cultivation objectives,cultivation standards,course systems,cultivation process,etc.To set up the cultivation mode of undergraduate business talents,based on adapting to social economic development,we should learn foreign advanced experience,show our own characteristics,make clear the basic requests for undergraduate courses,and handle the relation between basic mode and diversification.


Ex situ conservation of rare plant species requires an understanding of germination requirements. We report the first successful germination trials for Maguire primrose (Primula cusickiana var. maguirei[L.O. Williams] N.H. Holmgren & S. Kelso), a threatened perennial herb narrowly restricted to a 20-km canyon in northern Utah, USA. Seeds collected from different sites (upper or lower canyon populations) and flower morphs (pin or thrum) that had been stored for either 1 or 2 years were cold, moist stratified in darkness at 1–2°C for 270 days. Independent of treatment, time to first germination was approximately 75 days, time to 50% germination (T50) was approximately 165 days, and total germination was 55.8%. Higher mean germination was observed in seeds stored for 2 years compared with seeds stored for 1 year, as well as in seeds from pin flowers compared with thrum flowers. There was not a significant effect of site on mean germination, but there was a significant storage time × site interaction. Seeds stored for 2 years also had a lower mean T50 versus seeds stored for 1 year. In addition, seeds from upper canyon populations had a higher mean T50 than those from lower canyon populations. Our results suggest that short-term storage should not significantly decrease seed viability, and that both flower morph and canyon location may influence germination. Evidence suggests that germination patterns are adaptive. Our results contribute to our understanding of the germination biology of P. cusickiana var. maguirei and inform future conservation efforts for this threatened species.


The purpose of this research is how the influence of sales promotion and quality of service to purchase decisions in Krema Koffie.The type of this research is quantitative explanative, with a sample of 96 respondents. The samples of this research using accidental sampling method. This research was conducted by using multiple linear regression test, Hypothesis Testing, Determination Test, Validity, Reliability and Classic Assumption Test. The results showed that sales promotion partially has a value of sales promotion significance of 0,000 <0.05 (significant level of significance), and t arithmetic of 3.365. The quality of service partially has a significant value of 0.000 with t arithmeti 7.075. Simultaneously the significance value of the regression model is 0,000 with the value of f arithmetic of 52,699.The results showed that sales promotion and service quality have a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions at Krema Koffie, even partially or simultaneously.


This document describes a distance measurement system for underwater applications with computer vision and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The developed system is installed in the observation class remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Visor3, to be used in experimental testing. An integrated camera with two laser pointers are used to obtain input data to a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) ANN, trained with a resilient backpropagation algorithm (RPROP). The solution described in this paper is an alternative to other methods found in the literature. Experimental results are presented.


Introduction Onchocerciasis is targeted for elimination mainly with annual community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI). High infection levels have been reported in South-West Cameroon, despite ≥15 years of CDTI. The aim of this study was to assess factors associated with continued onchocerciasis transmission and skin disease. Methods A large-scale cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 in 20 communities in a loiasis-risk area in South-West Cameroon. A mixed-methods approach was used. Associations between infection levels, skin disease and adherence to CDTI were assessed using mixed regression modelling. Different community members' perception and acceptability of the CDTI strategy was explored using semi-structured interviews. Results Onchocerciasis prevalence was 44.4% among 9456 participants. 17.5% of adults were systematic non-adherers and 5.9% participated in ≥75% of CDTI rounds. Skin disease affected 1/10 participants, including children. Increasing self-reported adherence to CDTI was associated with lower infection levels in participants aged ≥15 years but not in children. Adherence to CDTI was positively influenced by perceived health benefits, and negatively influenced by fear of adverse events linked with economic loss. Concern of lethal adverse events was a common reason for systematic non-adherence. Conclusion CDTI alone is unlikely to achieve elimination in those high transmission areas where low participation is commonly associated with the fear of adverse events, despite the current quasi absence of high-risk levels of loiasis. Such persisting historical memories and fear of ivermectin might impact adherence to CDTI also in areas with historical presence but current absence of loiasis. Because such issues are unlikely to be tackled by CDTI adaptive measures, alternative strategies are needed for onchocerciasis elimination where negative perception of ivermectin is an entrenched barrier to community participation in programmes.


Simultaneous pumping of the 2.3µm Yb:Tm:YLF laser at 685 nm and 960 nm is demonstrated, showing higher slope efficiency than 960 nm alone. The output power of 620 mW is the highest reported so far.


15050 Background: I + C is a standard second line regimen for pts treated with 5-flurouracil, oxaliplatin and bevacizumab in the US. Second line therapy with I + C results in a response rate (RR) of 16%, progression free survival (PFS) of 3.9 months, and overall survival 10.7 months (Sobrero AF et al, AACR 2007). C is administered on a weekly schedule (dose 250 mg/m2). C has a long terminal half-life (mean 112 hrs) and demonstrates near linear pharmacokinetics. Therefore doubling the standard dose of cetuximab to 500 mg/m2 over 2 weeks should result in a similar AUC to that of the weekly dose. Methods: Trial is designed to evaluate the I + C regimen in US patients with CRC as second line therapy. The primary endpoint is RR, requiring 31 pts to achieve a 25% RR with 80% power: Eligibility requirements include: Progression after a first-line oxaliplatin/fluoropyrimidine regimen, no prior I or C exposure and acceptable organ function. I given at a dose of 150 or 180 mg/m2 IV over 60 min and C at a dose of 50...


An investigation was made of broadband emission from Xe pumped by a high-current proton beam. A kinetic model of the Xe medium was created on the basis of a proposal, previously put forward by the present authors, concerning the nature of the broadband continua of the emission from rare gases. Theoretical and experimental investigations were made of the relative behavior of the broadband and dimer emission from Xe as functions of time, the proton beam current density, and the pressure. Particular features of similar broadband emission from other rare gases are discussed.


Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B(Novozym 435), was employed as catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl lactate using lactic acid and ethanol as substrates in tert-butyl alcohol.Based on single factor experiment, effects of reaction conditions on the yield of ethyl lactate were discussed, including temperature, shaking speed, the molar ratio of lactic acid to alcohol and dosages of enzyme and lactic acid.Furthermore, the concentration of lactic acid, the concentration of lipase and the molar ratio of acid to alcohol were optimized by response surface methodology(RSM).The highest yield of ethyl lactate(70.21%±0.2%) was obtained under the following conditions:concentration of lactic acid being 0.42 mol/L, the molar ratio of acid to alcohol being 1:6, the dosage of lipase being 42 g/mol, the temperature being 50 ℃, and the shaking speed being 200 r/min..


Risk is a concept that has recently filtered through into International Relations (IR). However, the literature on risk, risk management and IR is still comparatively small and there is still significant scope for the theorisation of these concepts in an IR context. Thus far, the literature on risk and IR has been largely characterised by the debate between critical realist, constructivist and post-structuralist approaches to risk. At the core of these debates is the ontological question of whether risks are 'real' or not. However, this article will suggest that these ontological debates have grown stale and are unhelpful to furthering the research agenda on risk and IR. As this article will demonstrate, we need to systematically develop ways for both explaining risk identification, assessment and management –what might be termed 'riskisation' – and why particular forms of risk management emerge in particular situations and not others.


The invention discloses an anti-erosion linkage protective valve, which comprises an inlet valve core and an outlet valve core. The inlet valve core and the outlet valve core achieve switch linkage and achieve time delay control by a linkage mechanism. The inlet valve core is used for resisting erosion corrosion of high-temperature and high-pressure medium, and the outlet valve core is used for thoroughly shutting off and sealing the medium. Proper material can be selected according to different functions of the valve cores so as to ensure both the durability and sealing property, so the practicability of the valve is greatly increased and the service life is prolonged. The anti-erosion linkage protective valve disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, simple in manufacture and very convenient for use and maintenance.


The collection of patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) within the national PROMs programme for elective procedures is now established mandatory practice in the NHS with high response rates and completion.


Sexual abuse of children by family members varies in its incidence depending on the reports used but its presentation among the adult population has largely been under-reported and unrecognised by mental health workers. Since 1984 we have become increasingly aware of survivors of childhood sexual abuse within our own district service presenting initially as psychiatric cases and more recently seek ing help directly for the distress which their child hood experiences have caused them. Gradually we have come to recognise the persistent negative effects of this trauma and have attempted to evolve a model for therapy which deals with this and is suitable for use within a district psychiatric service. The pattern of therapy follows the usual psychotherapeutic rules in that it is on a one-to-one basis at the same time and same place each week. It differs, however, in that the therapist is active and when necessary, directive. Our experience has taught us that each patient will present with certain common basic issues that need to be worked through. We have recognised that to do this work sensitively and efficiently it is important that all the relevant questions are asked and feelings explored. We have evolved a list of themes which we expect each therapist to cover during the contracted sessions. We believe that this ensures work is carried through to resolution. If any of the points on the list are omitted then a patient's ability to be free from the


We offer a new view on the two envelope problem (also called the exchange paradox). We describe it as a zero-sum game of two players, having only partial information. We first explain a standard situation and show that the mean gain—when defined—is really zero. However, there are even more paradoxical situations in which the information obtained by the players supports the exchange of envelopes. We explain that this does not lead to a contradiction and we demonstrate it also by computer simulation. The reason for this paradox is that the mean gain does not exist and that the players have different information, supporting their contradictory decisions. 1 Formulation of the Problem The two envelope problem (also called the exchange paradox) is a famous logical puzzle demonstrating a paradox in logic and probability. We adopt its formulation from [14], expressed here as a game of two players: There are two indistinguishable envelopes, each containing money, one contains twice as much as the other. Player A picks one envelope of his choice; player B receives the second envelope. They can keep the money contained in their envelopes or switch the envelopes (if both agree on it). Should they switch? There is an easy answer: Argument 1. The situation is symmetric. Thus there is no reason for (or against) switching. However, there are other interpretations suggesting something else: Argument 2. The situation is symmetric. Thus the probability of having the envelope with the higher or lower amount is 1/2. If the envelope of player A contains the amount a, then the other envelope contains 2a (and the exchange results in a gain of a) or a/2 (and the exchange results in a loss of a/2). In average, the mean gain is 1 2 a− 1 2 a 2 = a 4 , thus switching is always recommended. Another point of view is the following: Argument 3. The smaller amount is x, the bigger is 2x. They are assigned randomly (with probabilities 1/2) to players A and B. The mean values for both players are 1 2 x− 1 2 2x = 3 2 x and there is no reason for (or against) switching. We presented several arguments; each of them seems correct, but their conclusions are contradictory. Surprisingly, the debate about this paradox is still not finished (cf. [3]). "Currently, there is no consensus on a demonstration, since most people generally reject each other's demonstrations." [5] One reason is that many authors merely defended their solution (mostly correct), cf. [6, 13]. However, to resolve the paradox, it is necessary to explain the errors in the contradicting arguments.1 The topic was studied not only by mathematicians and logicians but also by philosophers (e.g., [4, 11]). For some of them, a sufficient explanation is that a in Argument 2 denotes different amounts; the smaller one in the first case and the bigger one in the second case [4, 13]. However, this is not forbidden, this is just what a random variable means. Thus a more advanced analysis is needed. The paradox has more variants (cf. [11]). The method of choice of the amounts was not specified. (This is usual in such puzzles. They rarely start with a precise definition of a random experiment generating the data. Instead of that, it was said that two amounts are given, one of them twice greater than the other.) Here we assume that they were drawn as realizations of some random variable with a given distribution (known or unknown to players). Nevertheless, the formulation of the problem does not specify this at all, and some authors (e.g. [9]) consider this amount as given (without any randomness); such formulation excludes a probabilistic analysis. Thus we do not consider it here. Besides, it is not specified whether we first draw the (realization of) random variable X (the smaller amount) or the contents of the envelope given to player A, described 1We experienced this misunderstanding also during the reviewing process of this paper: "Argument 3 is correct, so there is no paradox." However, what is wrong on Argument 2? J. Hlaváčová (Ed.): ITAT 2017 Proceedings, pp. 112–119 CEUR Workshop Proceedings Vol. 1885, ISSN 1613-0073, c © 2017 M. Navara, J. Šindelář


The design method,implementation and testing results of a digital vector modulator are described in this paper.The proposed digital vector modulator is combined the digital technology and analog technology,implemented by the microwave hybrid integrated technology,and has the features of easy-to-adjust,good linearity with the control voltage and voltage transmission coefficient.The phase error change is less than±1.5°and I/Q orthogonality is less than±2°when the attenuation decrement change is 30dB in VHF frequency range.


Purpose: to analyze the relationship between White's classification and the histopathological, changes occurring in the placentas of diabetic pregnant women, performing a qualitative comparison of histopathological changes in the placentas of nondiabetic pregnant women with those in diabetic ones (classes A and A/B), clinical, short duration (classes B and C), and clinical with vasculopathy (classes D to FRH), studying the influence of the quality of glycemic control and of gestational age on placental changes in the three groups of diabetic pregnant women. Patients and methods: specimens of placentas were collected from all diabetic pregnant women seen between 1991 and 1996 in the Maternity Section of the Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, stained using the hematoxylin-eosin technique, and submitted to a histopathological examination. The quality of glycemic control was analyzed by the glycemia average of gestation and classified as adequate or inadequate, with a limit of 120 mg/dl. Gestational age was individualized as term and preterm. Results: forty-two newborns (43.3%) were born at term and the remaining were preterm (56.7%). The prematurity rate was higher for women with clinical diabetes (classes B and C; D to FRH). Some histopathological alterations were observed only in placentas from diabetic pregnant women: cystoid degeneration, chorial edema, intima edema, dysmaturity, Hofbauer cell hyperplasia, villitis, ghost cells, two vessels in the umbilical cord, and endarteritis. Conclusions: histopathological changes in the placentas of pregnant women with gestational diabetes (classes A and A/B), clinical, short duration (classes B and C), and clinical with vasculopathy (classes D to FRH) were similar to those in the nondiabetic ones, and, therefore, were independent of White's clinical classification. The histopathological changes in the placentas of pregnant women with gestational diabetes (classes A and A and B), clinical, short duration (classes B and C), and clinical with vasculopathy (classes D to FRH) were not related to gestational age at birth and to the quality of glycemic control of the mother. The comparison between histopathological changes and the increased number of preterm newborns in clinical diabetes, class D to FRH, suggest early placental ageing in clinical diabetes patients.


Tables of stability coefficients are presented for determining approximately the factor of safety of sidehill benches as well as embankments on a horizontal ground surface. The soil in the bench or embankment may have a cohesion and an angle of internal friction quite different from those in the natural ground. The procedure is based on the normal method for effective stress analysis and is unique in that a large number of factors are considered but only a limited number of tables is needed. Examples are given to illustrate the application of these tables for the stability analysis of sidehill benches. The factors of safety determined from the stability coefficients are compared with those from the ICES-LEASE computer program, based on both the simplified Bishop and the normal methods, and found to be in good agreement. /Author/


Distributed generation (DG) is an interesting alternative in the search for reduction of supply costs, but in addition to the classic care related to interconnection, equipment and the approval of the distributor's own access project, electric power quality should be highlighted, the power factor, harmonics, and harmonic resonance. The analyze study shows the consequences of PF with the insertion of DG-PV, from simulations in DIgSilent in three possible scenarios: Grid and DG, Grid and DG with capacitors, Grid and DG with antiresonance filter, as expected the THDv has an increase considered in scenario 2 compared to scenario 1, proving the need for the antiresonance filter, with the implementation of the filter the system will operate with THDv of 4.3%.


We studied the effect of tumor size on monoclonal antibody (mAb) in a murine hepatic model. Intrasplenic injection of HT‐29 LMM metastatic human colon cancer cell line reproducibly results in hepatic metastases formation in congenitally athymic mice. HT‐29‐15, a murine mAb of the IgGI class reactive with the HT‐29 LMM cell line, and BL‐3, an isotype‐matched control mAb, were labeled with iodine 125. Labeled mAbs were injected intravenously into mice with hepatic metastases. Animals were sacrificed on day 5, and tumor and normal tissue weighed and counted. Specific mAb uptake (percent injected dose per gram, %ID/g) by hepatic metastases (5.16 ± 3.96) was significantly greater than nonspecific uptake (1.41 ± 0.42) (P < 0.001). %ID/g of tumor was dependent upon the mAb used, and was independent of tumor weight; consequently, a linear correlation between tumor weight and total uptake (%ID) for specific mAb (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001) and nonspecific mAb (r = 0.99, P < 0.0001) administration was demonstrated. We have shown both specific and nonspecific mAb uptake per gram of tumor to be a constant for the given mAb/tumor system and with uptake of mAb to be linearly related to tumor weight. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Based on experiments and numerical analysis techniques, this paper aims to investigate the influence of the four different coating damage profiles on the performance of coated 33 kV porcelain insulator strings under polluted and clean surface conditions. The performance of the insulators coated with room temperature vulcanizing (RTV) under partial coating damage and undamaged coating was evaluated. The influence of humidity on pollution flashover was taken into consideration. The ring-shaped, fan-shaped, and random-shaped coating was applied following coating damage. The results showed that the flashover characteristic of the RTV-coated insulators had a significant difference as compared to the normal insulators. Electrical characteristics such as the flashover voltage, critical current, and surface resistance were significantly affected by coating damage distribution and humidity level on the insulators' surface. The electric field and potential difference were analyzed as well using the finite element method (FEM). The initiation of the arc was observed to appear at the area of insulators where the electric field was the highest. It was also observed that different coating distributions of pollution and humidity levels resulted in a change in the surface pollution layer resistance and an uneven distribution of the electric field. This indicates that the coated insulators' parameters are directly related to the coating damage distribution on the insulator surface, particularly in the presence of humidity.


We prove a stability estimate for the inverse problem of cracks under essentially minimal regularity assumptions on the crack and on the background conductivity.


The Pig Veterinary Society is concerned by reports from Denmark and France of a new unexplained syndrome of diarrhoea in young piglets, presented at the first European Symposium on Porcine Health Management held in Copenhagen in August. Mortality rates of up to 40 per cent in suckling piglets will


In this research proposes FLC and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based on Dyanamic Voltage Controller (DVR) along with d q o transformation for power qulity improvement in a distribution system. Design a 9levels CHMLI based on Custom Power device with SVPWM techniques. Distribution needs to protect against the harmonics such as sag, swell and flickers are affect on standard pure power supply at the end of the load. These power quality issues are minimised with voltage injection using DVR.The designed inveter to reduced the voltage switching losses and stresses of semiconductor devices. Here used single DC voltage source with a series connection of 4 capacitors for self balancing purpose, 3 diodes,output voltage levels and Cascaded H-bridge cell. the proposed 9 level CHMLI inverter citcuit to helps reducing the number of independent voltage dc sources and IGBTS. The harmonics are less in the output voltage proposed work (new topologies)compared to conventional topology. A comparision of FLC and ANN with THD and Power Factor results and study. It has been carried out to analyse through MATLAB / SIMULINK Software.


To estimate the corrosion protective effect of zinc spray coatings, produced by means of modern technologies in comparison with hot-dip galvanised coatings, tests were conducted under a variety of test conditions. ZnAl 15 spray coatings were also examined to obtain a direct comparison with frequently observed improved corrosion resistance of hot-dipped aluminium containing zinc coatings. The investigations show, that using modern spraying techniques an improved corrosion resistance of zinc-sprayed coatings is possible to achieve. In a lot of media it can be selected equally between zinc sprayed and hot-dip galvanized coatings. Furthermore, it was also revealed that, in many situations, ZnAl 15 spray coatings produce a considerably improved corrosion resistance than zinc coatings.


The European Union countries are realizing economic integration transformations. Period of these reforms is coinciding in time with the global economic downturn. To overcome crisis the competitive growth in the integrated economies should begin. For description the factors of this growth probabilistic model based on cognitive science and context analysis of reforms' goals is presented. The model gives the possibility to apply stochastic methods as for the management of integration transformations, so for scheduling the creation of the competitive innovative knowledge economies in post industrial societies. Reforms' results are defined by the magnitudes of terminal probabilities that allow grouping the economies in four clusters. In future, new multi criteria approaches should be used at all levels of management hierarchy for planning the integration scenarios.


Introduction: The ligation of the common bile duct in rats is a reliable experimental model of the cirrhosis associated with portal hypertension. This condition induces a splanchnic inflammation, in which mast cells might be involved. Methods: In order to verify this hypothesis, were measured the density of connective tissue mast cells (RMCP-I) (RMCP: rat mast cell protease) and mucosal mast cells (RMCP-II) in the splanchnic organs of pseudo-operated rats and in rats with microsurgical extrahepatic cholestasis. Results: A statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in the density of both types cells in the liver and ileum of cholestatic rats with reference to the pseudo-operated rats was observed. Conclusions: These results suggest the possible key role that mast cells could play in the visceral organs. Being splanchnic modulators of the inflammatory response, angiogenesis and fibrotic remodelling, which occur in cirrhosis.


Recently, several strategies have been studied to recover faulty processing elements on mesh arrays. S.Y. Kung et al. (1989) proposed a 1 1/2 track model for reconfiguration of mesh arrays and the reconfiguration algorithm based on graph theory by finding compensation paths. However, compensation path scheme does not perform reconfiguration efficiently since the strategy only focuses on faulty processing elements and requires global information. In this paper, we propose a new reconfiguration strategy named recursive shift to recover faulty processing elements on mesh arrays. It is confirmed that our strategy obtains much higher array yield than previous schemes without global information on identical redundant processing elements.


Overall attendance at DinoFun World is characterized in figure 2. The number of moves park-goers make is charted for each minute of the day along a horizontal time axis. We can learn a couple of things from this plot: (1) the Scott Jones show was held from 10 to 11 during all mornings and from 3 to 4 in the afternoons of Friday and Saturday. We can see this from the dip in movements (orange lines are average number of moves during one hour) during this time, and the spikes immediately at the end of the show (when a lot of people move out of the area). The second show on Sunday was cancelled: the dip in movements is missing on Sunday afternoon. This is also visible in figure 2, showing check-ins by area: people check into the Grinosaurus Stage, where the Scott Jones show is hosted, before 10 am for all days but before 3 pm only on Friday and Saturday. (2) there is a spike in movements on Sunday at around 2:30 pm - judging from the movement pattern these are people on their way to the Scott Jones show who get turned away (because there are no check-ins to the Grinosaurus Stage), see also figure 3.


Can classical systems grasp quantum dynamics executed in an untrusted quantum device? Metger and Vidick answered this question affirmatively by proposing a computational self-testing protocol for Bell states that certifies generation of Bell states and measurements on them. Since their protocol relies on the fact that the target states are stabilizer states, it is highly non-trivial to reveal whether the other class of quantum states, non-stabilizer states , can be self-tested. Among non-stabilizer states, magic states are indispensable resources for universal quantum computation. Here, we show that a magic state for the CCZ gate can be self-tested while that for the T gate cannot. Our result is applicable to a proof of quantumness, where we can classically verify whether a quantum device generates a quantum state having non-zero magic.


The organic molecules represent a promising research field because they show special properties which are determined by the conjugated system of π electrons and the groups substituted to the aromatic nucleus offering perspectives for a large area of applications, including the non-linear optics. We have investigated two types of molecular crystalline material prepared from aromatic derivatives, meta-dinitrobenzene (m-DNB) and benzil (Bz), and three types of organic thin films prepared from arylenevinylene (triphenylamine, carbazole) compounds, maleimidic derivatives and anilinic derivatives functionalised copoly‐ mers using different methods (matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation, vacuum evaporation, spin coating). The effect of the experimental conditions on the morpho‐ logical and structural particularities of the films has been emphasised. New results are bought about the systems formed from an aromatic derivative (m-DNB and benzil) crystal and inorganic (organic) dopant studied from the point of view of the dopant incorporation considering the stability of the growth interface and its effect on the optical band gap and optical non-linear (ONL) properties of the m-DNB and Bz crystals. The relationship between the morphology and structural order of the maleimidic derivatives monomers in polycarbonate matrix composite layer and the ONL properties is discussed. We analysed the correlation between the molecular structure of organic compound, particularities of the macroscopic order (influenced by the crystal growth and thin-film deposition methods) and optical non-linear (second harmonic generation, two-photon fluorescence) properties. of obtained for the Ǻ The lattice parameters evaluated for m-DNB a Ǻ, b 14.029 Ǻ Ǻ, a Ǻ, Ǻ Ǻ Ǻ and I 2 in m-DNB matrix, the lattice parameters of pure m-DNB increasing by doping with I 2 a = Ǻ to a = Ǻ, from b 14.029 Ǻ to b = Ǻ and c Ǻ c Ǻ in the crystal of m-DNB affecting the optical properties including the ONL properties. New results have been bought about the systems aromatic derivative crystal/dopant studied from the point of view of the inorganic/organic dopant incorporation and its effect on the optical band gap and ONL properties of the m-DNB and Bz crystals. derivative functionalised copolymers (maleic anhydride-vinyl benzyl chloride and maleic anhydride-methylmethacrilate supports functionalised with 2, 4-dinitroaniline). We have analysed the correlation molecular structure-preparation conditions of the organic films determining their morphology and structure-optical non-linear (SHG and TPF) proper‐ ties. Important results have been bought in the field of maleic anhydride-based copolymers functionalised with polar chromophoric groups bearing anilinic moieties. Despite the potential fragmentation of the polymeric chain during the deposition process, the ONL properties are preserved because the potential resulting entities maintain intact the functional groups implied in the generation of these phenomena. Further research will focus on the improvement of the organic material quality by a more rigorous control of the deposition conditions with the purpose to increase the efficiency of the ONL phenomena.


Reaction of a CH 3 CN solution of (NEt 4 ] 2 °WSe 4 ] with 1 equiv of lithium (2-thienyl)cyanocuprate, Li[(CN)Cu-(C 4 H 3 S)], affords [NEt 4 ] 2 °μ-WSe 4 ][(SC 4 H 3 )SeCu] 2 (1), in which a Se atom from the decomposition of the WSe 4 2- anion formally has been inserted into the 2-thienyl-copper bond of Cu(C 4 H 3 S) to form the 2-selenothiophene ligand. [NEt 4 ] 2 °μ-WSe 4 ][(SC 4 H 3 )SeCu] 2 crystallizes with four formula units in the tetragonal space group D 7 2d -P4b2 in a cell of dimensions a=15.732(2) A and c=14.992(3) A (T=113 K)


The principal aim of this paper is to determine the reasonable design parameters of high-speed railway vibration attenuation. The orthogonal test method is used to design the test of ground vibration induced by high-speed train. Four main factors that impact the maximum ground vertical vibration level are selected, and different values are given to each factor, so 8 groups of combinations can be obtained by using orthogonal test technique. Each group test data of the maximum ground vertical vibration level can be obtained by conducting vehicle testing on-track. In this paper, the primary and secondary factors that impact the maximum ground vertical vibration level are determined by range analysis. Moreover, the neural network theory is used to establish a model of the ground vertical vibration level, and this model can be trained and verified by the test data. The impact factors can be predicted by the method of combining orthogonal test and neural network concerning the specified vibration limit, and the value of maximum ground vertical vibration level with the predicted factors meets the requirement of accuracy. The conclusions provide a valuable reference to the vibration attenuation design of the high-speed railway.


The aim of this study was to report of gastric ulcer syndrome associated with erosive stress in Venezuela in a Tapir (Tapirus terrestris) Sex male, 6 years old with a history of anorexia, depression, collapse, shock and death. It is practical histology (necropsy and histopathology). Under conditions of captivity at the Zoo "El Pinar" in Caracas, Venezuela. Sections of gastric mucosa were taken in all regions (cardiac, fundic and pyloric), being set at 10 % formalin, processed by conventional methods of histological processing. The results were macroscopic gaseous gastric dilation, chronic erosive, gastritis and ulcer focal line type of the cardiac region and of the bottom of the stomach, focal parakeratotic hyperkeratosis in the cardiac region. The histology of gastric mucosa showed erosive gastritis and chronic with ulcer characterized by lymphocytic infiltration in the (lamina propria), with varying degree of exposure of the submucosa. The morphometric study revealed gastric mucosal epithelial loss gastric fundic region. The average damage was 220.21 ± 30.28 mm. In conclusion a case was reported chronic erosive gastritis in a tapir associated with stress.


We report large-core POF based P2MP in-home networks employing bus and tree topologies distributing 480Mb/s UWB signals to 3 (bus) and 4 (tree) terminals. Up to 55m transmission distance in both configurations is successfully achieved.


[Introduction] Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies. More than half of the patients are diagnosed in advanced stages of disease where the prognosis is poor due to the inevitable acquired resistance to platinum agents. Although maintenance therapy with PARP inhibitors or bevacizumab has been proven to improve patient survival, platinum sensitivity is still the most important prognostic factor. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies effective for platinum-resistant cases or to overcome platinum-resistance are required. Zinc Finger Homeobox 4 (ZFHX4) has been known as one of the major transcription regulators in nerve and muscle differentiation. Although not fully elucidated, recent researches including our genome-wide exploration indicate ZFHX4 is also involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of ZFHX4 as a novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer by analyzing clinical database and cell model experiments. [Methods] Correlations between ZFHX4 mRNA expression and overall survival in 61 ovarian cancer cases treated at our institute and in the cases registered in TCGA database respectively were assessed by log-lank test. RNAi knockdown was introduced to several ovarian cancer cells to investigate the influence of ZFHX4 on cancer cell proliferation. Scratch assay was performed to assess the effect of RNAi knockdown on cell migration ability. Cells were also treated with cisplatin after 72 hours of siRNA transfection to assess the influence of ZHFX4 on platinum sensitivity. [Results] Both in our clinical dataset and TCGA data, the overall survival was significantly poor in the group in which ZFHX4 is highly expressed. In cell model assay, ZFHX4 knockdown significantly suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Decreased motility was observed in the cells treated with siRNA targeting ZFHX4 by scratch assay. Furthermore, ZFHX4 knockdown increased cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. [Conclusions] Altogether, our results suggest ZFHX4 functions to promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and platinum-resistance. Interruption of ZFHX4 function independently or in combination with platinum agents has a potential to bring benefit for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Yoshiko Oyama, Shogo Shigeta, Keita Tsuji, Hideki Tokunaga, Muneaki Shimada, Nobuo Yaegashi. Functional analysis of ZFHX4 as a novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1285.


LED has promised to replace conventional light sources with impressive economic and environmental saving because of the realization of high efficiency and long life time light sources. Reliability issue is a key factor affecting the lighting quality and life time of LED lighting system. Each LED system includes two major aspects; optical and electrical driver. The LED driver is one of the weakest components in the LED luminaries and they tend to degrade rapidly with increasing temperature. The effect of temperature on performance and reliability of LED driver is analyzed in this paper. A thermal simulation model based on a tapped-inductor quasi-resonant Buck LED driver was set up. The thermal field and thermal stress analysis of the driver was done by using the software EFD Pro 8.2. The losses from various components of the driver were calculated in detail. The histogram of losses in various components in the driver was given. Computer simulation and a prototype rated at 5W, with an input ac voltage of 176-265Vrms and an output current of 700mA has been implemented to verify the prediction.


A recent British national intelligence-based Assessment (2002) illustrates how one government agency communicated science to serve its policy goals. This article analyzes some of the values that drive science, public policy, and national intelligence, and traces how those values affected the Assessment writers' goals and communication strategies. Through close reading of the Assessment's foreword and first section, this study shows how the writers shaped scientific and technical information to satisfy their disciplines' values and to naturalize their "proper perspective" on the policy case. Further analysis of similar documents will extend current research on scientific rhetoric, multidisciplinary collaborative writing, and public communication.


Objective: To analyze the pattern of cognitive impairment in amnestic EOAD. Background: Approximately 5% of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients develop symptoms before the age of 65 (EO). EOAD can profoundly affect non-memory domains early on and often time in isolation. Here we analyzed the pattern of cognitive impairment in amnestic EOAD subjects from the ADNI study. Design/Methods: The cognitive data of 146 non-familial EOAD subjects meeting criteria for mild cognitive impairment or dementia was Z-normalized using the mean and standard deviation of the cognitive performance of 395 cognitively normal individuals. Neuropsychological tests from the ADNI battery were grouped in four domains – memory, language, visuospatial and executive. Domain averaged Z-scores were produced and residuals corrected for age, gender and education were computed. Cluster analysis using the Wald method on the residuals for the 4 cognitive domains was performed. Scree plot using the pseudo T-squared suggested a 4-cluster solution. Results: The EOAD sample had mean age of 64.2±5.4 years, education of 16.1±2.8 and MMSE 25.6±2.9. There were 49% male and 67% APOE4 carriers. Cluster 1 consisted of 51 MCI and 13 demented subjects with isolated mild memory deficit only (Z=−1.8±0.95, all other domains Z Conclusions: We identified several cognitive patterns in amnestic EOAD ADNI subjects. In addition to the pure amnestic and globally impaired variants we also found a visuospatial and language/executive amnestic variants suggesting phenotypic heterogeneity in this rare form of AD. Study Supported by: NIA R01 AG040770, NIA K02 AG048240, NIA P30 AG010133 and the Easton Consortium for Alzheimer Drug Discovery and Biomarker Development. Disclosure: Dr. Apostolova received personal compensation for activities with Eli Lilly and Piramal as a speaker and/or advisor. Dr. Apostolova has received research support from General Electric Healthcare. Dr. Lane has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rabinovici has received personal compensation for activities with Eisai, Roche, Lundbeck, and Putnam as a speaker or consultant. Dr. Rabinovici has received research support from NIH, Alzheimer9s Association, Tau Consortium, American College of Radiology, Michael J Fox Foundation, Association for Frontotemporal Degneration, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals/Eli Lilly, GE Healthcare, and Piramal Imaging. Dr. Dickerson has received personal compensation for activities with Merck as a consultant. Dr. Dickerson has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neuroimage: clinical. Dr. Carrillo has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Santi has received personal compensation for activities with Piramal Pharma as an employee. Dr. Gao has nothing to disclose.


A New Group of Compounds Derived from Nereistoxin - Synthesis of Bis-dimethylamino-tris-disulfanes

The reaction of organo-thiosulfates, BUNTE-salts, with mercaptans is a convenient synthesis of disulfanes. Similarly bis-BUNTE-salt 7 and tert. butyl mercaptan give bis-disulfane 5c [9]. By treating 7 with several aliphatic mercaptans we found the formation of the tris-disulfanes 8a–d in preparative amounts in addition to the bis-disulfanes 5a–d expected. This reaction was investigated. The preparation of the compounds 8 is described and a proposal is given for a mechanism of the formation of 8 as a thiol-disulfide-interchange.


Lithium ion battery has been widely used for cellular phones, notebook personal computers and camcoders. Reseasch and development of this new battery system were started at 1981 and the origin of the research on secondary battery using an electronic conductive polymer, poly acetylene, as the negative electrode. Then the focus was shifted from polyacetylene to carbonaceous material, which have the same pi electrons. Lithium ion battery was born by combining with a lithium ion containing metal oxide, LiCoO 2 as the positive electrode. After commercialization of lithium ion battery, various improvement technologies have been developed. These new techologies will improve the performance of lithium ion battery in future.


In a study conducted in the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan during 2005-07 a complete diallel cross comprising five cotton cultivars (MNH-147, LRS-5166, S-12, FH-682 and DPL-2775) was made to investigate the inheritance mode of various quantitative traits. The results revealed varietal differences (P < 0.01) for all parameters. Adequacy tests showed that data for boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage, fibre fineness and fibre strength were fit for additive dominance model while those of monopodia per plant, sympodia per plant, number of bolls and staple length were unfit for further analysis. Additive component of variation (D) was significant (P < 0.01) and prominent over H 1 and H 2 components for boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage and fibre fineness, while dominant genes (H 1 and H 2) were main controlling factors for fibre strength and it was confidently sustained by the value of H 1/D 0.5 . Values of h 2 and H 2/4H 1 demonstrated asymmetrical and unequal distribution fo dominant genes in parents for all characters. Boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage and fibre fineness exhibited high narrow sense heritability (h 2 n.s) due to the existence of additive gene action. However, fibre strength acquired low heritability due to dominance effects. The genetic analysis recommended that boll weight, seed cotton yield, lint percentage and fibre fineness could be upgraded through any selection procedure, while exploitation of heterosis breeding would be progressive for fibre strength.


With the development of deep learning, the benchmark of hyperspectral imagery classification is constantly improving, but there are still significant challenges for hyperspectral imagery classification of few-shot scenes. This letter proposes an active-learning-based prototypical network (ALPN), which uses the prototypical network to extract representative features from a few samples. Moreover, it combines semisupervised clustering and active learning methods to select and request labels from valuable examples actively. In this way, the feature extraction ability of the network is gradually optimized. The experimental results validated that the classification accuracy and robustness of ALPN significant exceeded the comparison baselines. Furthermore, because it can be regarded as a sample selection method, ALPN can be easily combined with other models to obtain better classification results.


&NA; We previously showed that thyrotropin (TSH)/insulinlike growth factor (IGF)‐1 receptor cross‐talk appears to be involved in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) pathogenesis and upregulation of thyroid‐specific genes in human thyrocytes. In orbital fibroblasts from GO patients, coadministration of TSH and IGF‐1 induces synergistic increases in hyaluronan secretion. In human thyrocytes, TSH plus IGF‐1 synergistically increased expression of the sodium‐iodide symporter that appeared to involve ERK1/2 activation. However, the details of ERK1/2 activation were not known, nor was whether ERK1/2 was involved in this synergism in other cell types. Using primary cultures of GO fibroblasts (GOFs) and human thyrocytes, as well as human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells overexpressing TSH receptors (HEK‐TSHRs), we show that simultaneous activation of TSHRs and IGF‐1 receptors (IGF‐1Rs) causes rapid, synergistic phosphorylation/activation of ERK1 and ERK2 in all three cell types. This effect is partially inhibited by pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of TSHR coupling to Gi/Go proteins. In support of a role for Gi/Go proteins in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, we found that knockdown of Gi(1‐3) and Go in HEK‐TSHRs inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation stimulated by TSH and TSH plus IGF‐1. These data demonstrate that the synergistic effects of TSH plus IGF‐1 occur early in the TSHR signaling cascade and further support the idea that TSHR/IGF‐1R cross‐talk is an important mechanism for regulation of human GOFs and thyrocytes.


Abstract 513 Background: The phosphatase and tensin homolog ( PTEN ) tumor suppressor is a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling and frequently deleted in solid tumors and in T cell lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Recent work by our group demonstrated that Pten-deletion cooperates with WNT/β-catenin signaling in self-renewal signaling of leukemia stem cells in T cell lineage ALL (Guo et al., Nature 2008). Although PTEN deletions are uncommon in B cell lineage ALL and chronic myeloid leukemia, recent work identified Pten as a tumor suppressor in B cell lineage ALL and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; Peng et al., Blood 2010). This study showed that Pten -deletion accelerated leukemia in B cell lineage ALL and CML and increased self-renewal capacity of leukemia stem cells. Approach: To investigate the mechanism of Pten-mediated negative regulation of leukemia proliferation and stem cell self-renewal in B cell lineage ALL and CML, we established a conditional mouse model for inducible ablation of Pten in BCR-ABL1-driven B cell lineage ALL and CML. To this end, B cell precursors or Lin − Sca-1 + c-Kit + (LSK) cells from the bone marrow of Pten-fl/fl mice were transduced with retroviral BCR-ABL1 under B lymphoid or myeloid conditions. When growth-factor-independent B cell lineage or CML-like leukemia formed, Pten-fl/fl leukemia cells were transduced with tamoxifen (4-OHT)-inducible Cre-ERT2 or an ERT2 empty vector control. Results: Deletion of Pten was induced by 4-OHT treatment and near-complete deletion of Pten was observed on day 2 after Cre-ERT2 induction as determined by genomic PCR and Western blot. As expected, deletion of Pten resulted in a strong increase of phospho-AKT, as determined by Western blot. Surprisingly, deletion of Pten in B cell lineage leukemia and CML-like disease did not accelerate leukemia cell growth and had the opposite effect. After three days of Cre-induction, the vast majority of both B cell lineage and CML-like leukemia cells underwent cellular senescence, as measured by staining for senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (>100-fold increase; p=0.0008). In addition, Pten-deletion induced cell cycle arrest in both G0/G1 and G2/M phase of the cell cycle, which is consistent with cellular senescence. While growth kinetics and viability of Pten-fl/fl leukemia cells carrying the ERT2 empty vector control remained unchanged, Pten-deletion caused a reduction of viability by 80% within 6 days. Compared to B cell lineage leukemia and CML-like leukemia, Pten protein levels were very low in normal B cell precursors and myeloid progenitor cells and the consequences of Pten-deletion were less drastic in normal as compared to leukemia cells. Consistent with cellular senescence, deletion of Pten resulted in dramatic upregulation of p53 and p21 but not p27 cell cycle inhibitors. We recently identified BCL6 as a FoxO-dependent suppressor of p53 in BCR-ABL1-driven leukemias (Duy et al., J Exp Med 2010). Since Pten functions as a positive regulator of FoxO1, FoxO3A and FoxO4, we tested whether excessive upregulation of p53 and cellular senescence were a consequence of loss of BCL6/FoxO function downstream of Pten-deletion. Treatment of BCR-ABL1 B cell lineage and CML-like leukemia cells with Imatinib results in strong upregulation of BCL6 expression downstream of FoxO factors. Upon deletion of Pten, however, Imatinib-treatment failed to upregulate BCL6. In the absence of Pten, BCL6 protein expression was undetectable and p53 protein levels were excessively increased. Conclusion: Pten has been extensively studied as a tumor suppressor in a broad range of malignancies. It is frequently deleted in solid tumors and also in T cell lineage ALL, where Pten-deletion accelerates leukemia cell growth by increased PI3K/AKT survival signaling. In B cell lineage and CML-like leukemia, Pten deletion also increases PI3K/AKT signaling. Unlike T-ALL, however, B cell lineage leukemia and CML cells undergo cellular senescence and cell cycle arrest. In B cell lineage ALL and CML, the BCL6 transcriptional repressor is required to overcome p53-dependent senescence. Here we unexpectedly identify the PTEN phosphatase as a central requirement for FoxO-dependent upregulation of BCL6. Hence, PTEN signaling via FoxO/BCL6 is required for the ability of the BCR-ABL1 ALL and CML cells to evade p53-mediated cellular senescence. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Seven South American species of the psocid genus Lachesilla are here described and illustrated: L. brasiliensis n.sp. and L. carioca n.sp. (from Brazil, pedicularia group), are c10sely related, differing in the pattern of pigmentation of the ninth sternum, shape of the subgenital plate, and fore wing venation: shape of pterostigma and areola postica, and Rs-M connected by a crossvein in the former, and fused for a length in the latter; L. guayaquilensis n.sp. (from Ecuador, riegeli group) is c10se to L. castroi Thornton & Woo, from which it differs in genital details of both sexes; L. mattogrossensis n.sp. (from Brazil, is tentatively placed in the riegeli group, differing from aH other described species in the group by the subgenital plate, the large gonapophyses and the anterior projections of the ninth sternum; L. picticepsoides n.sp. (from Ecuador, corona group) is close to the Mexican L. picticeps Mockford, from which it differs in the distal apophyses of the claspers, the mesal projections of the epiproct (absent in L. picticeps ), the anterior margin of the ninth sternum, and in the shape of the flap of the subgenital plate (triangular in L. picticepsoides and rectangular in L. picticeps ); L. teresiana n.sp. (from Brazil, pedicularia group) is close to L. nuptialis Badonnel & Garcia Aldrete, from which it differs in the shape of the subgenital plate and gonapophyses; L. veneper n.sp. (from Venezuela and Peru, pedicularia group), is close to the Venezuelan L. trujillense Garcia Aldrete, from which it differs in fore wing venation and pigmentation, and in the length of the epiproct extensions, stouter, shorter and without distal teeth in L. veneper . The types are deposited in the American Museum of Natural History, New York City


ABSTRACT Recent technological improvements have expanded the sharing economy (e.g. Airbnb, Lyft, and Uber), coinciding with a growing need for evacuation resources. To understand factors that influence sharing willingness in evacuations, we employed a multi-modeling approach using three model types: (1) four binary logit models that capture sharing scenario separately; (2) a portfolio choice model (PCM) that estimates dimensional dependency, and (3) a multi-choice latent class choice model (LCCM) that jointly estimates multiple scenarios via latent classes. We tested our approach by employing online survey data from Hurricane Irma (2017) evacuees (n=368). The multi-model approach uncovered behavioral nuances undetectable with one model. For example, the multi-choice LCCM and PCM models uncovered scenario correlation and the multi-choice LCCM found three classes – transportation sharers, adverse sharers, and interested sharers – with different memberships. We suggest that local agencies consider broader sharing mechanisms across resource types and time (i.e. before, during, and after evacuations).


In this paper we propose a hybrid approach minimizing the active torque produced by muscles groups at the joint level. The proposed approach is hybrid in the sense that it combines the local knowledge of the external torque induced by external forces such as gravity and exerted force, and the full knowledge of the passive-resistive torque characteristics due to ligaments and connective tissues. The algorithm is exploited within a context of posture adjustment when a muscle group reaches a critical fatigue level. It proposes a target joint state that can be characterized as active or passive. The active solution, if it exists, can be further characterized by a desired degree of active torque amplitude reduction (between 0 and 100%). In any cases at least one passive solution exists; it relies on the passive/resistive torque appearing in the neighbourhood of the joint limits.


The title of this research is The 'Undagi' lexicon in the manufacture of residential houses based on asta kosala kosali concept in Denpasar. The aims of this research is to inventory the diversity of vocabulary of undagi's lexicon in making a house based on asta kosala kosali concept with ecological dimension so that the young generation can know and preserve it well. The theory applied for this research is ecolinguistic theory proposed by Bang and Door (1993). This theory are combines biological dimension, ideological and sociological dimension in the languages. This research is descriptive qualitative. Technique of data collecting is done by applying listening method and speaking method. The listening method is done by using interview technique and the speaking method by using face to face method. The result of the research shows that the diversity of vocabulary of undagis's lexicon in making a house based on asta kosala kosali concept are found sixty seven lexicons categorized as nouns and thirteen lexicons categorized as verb. In addition to word class categorization, in this study also obtained the word forms of each lexicon in the form of a single form of the word base and derivative form of the form of compound words. Each lexicon also has a semantic meaning and shows the social praxis dimension of ideological, sociological and biological dimensions.
Key words: Undagi, asta kosala kosali, the social praxis dimension


verifying the quotations from the original sources so far as possible. " In spite of the prejudice which an introduction like this inevitably arouses the reader will find the book useful. It is a thesaurus of quotations from dictionaries, commentaries, histories, cyclopedias, fathers, liturgies, etc., of all the various Christian denominations as to the act of baptism in the primitive church and its history in succeeding centuries. The array of scholarship as presented is unanimous in favor of immersion as the act or "mode" of baptism. Of course many men of some pretensions to scholarship could be quoted on the other side of the question; and yet as shown here and as every man acquainted with the literature knows, the overwhelming weight of scholarship, ancient and modern, is with the view that immersion was the exclusive practice of the primitive church. The author could have made his work more useful by arranging his quotations according to some order and giving more extended notes of explanation on the place and significance of the writers whom he quotes. Notwithstanding this defect everyone who is seeking quotations on the subject or the act of baptism will find this work of great help to him. W. J. McGLOTHLIN.


Psoriasis is a chronic, non-contagious skin condition characterized by inflamed and scaly lesions of skin. Whilst the pathogenesis of psoriasis is not known, psychological stress has been implicated as a potential trigger in the onset and exacerbation of the condition. Psychiatric and psychological factors play an important role in at least 30% of dermatologic disorder and pathophysiologic link between psychological stress (PS) and disease expression remains unclear. Recent studies demonstrated PS-induced alterations in permeability barrier homeostasis, mediated by increased endogenous glucocorticoids. As activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) is critical to a successful stress response, we investigated this in patients with psoriasis. This study was performed on 55 patients (40 females and 15 males) visited our clinic for treatment of psoriasis in pharmacology department. We measured the rate of activation of HPA by hormonal changes. These patients displayed higher fasting blood sugar (FBS), epinephrine (Ep), adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), aldosterone, prolactin, growth hormone and estradiol hormones value but diminished cortisol and corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). These results show that HPA and psychoneuroendocrine hormones have a significant role in psoriasis.


Al2O3 gel films were prepared on poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates from Al(O–sec-C4H9)3 chemically modified with ethyl acetoacetate. A small roughness of about 20–50 nm was found to form on the Al2O3 gel films dried at room temperature and then immersed in hot water at 60 °C. When hydrolyzed fluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane was coated on the Al2O3 films, transparent thin films with contact angle for water to be more than 150° were obtained.