Congress and the executive branch, realizing there are actually two deficits--a fiscal deficit and a performance deficit--have apparently reached the same conclusion. They recognize that eliminating the performance deficit will require some form of performance measurement. Each has introduced various programs that entail performance measurement to one degree or another. Examples of the Congressional initiatives are the Chief Financial Officers (CFO) Act and the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA). Examples of the executive branch initiatives are Reinventing Government-Phase II, implementation of GPRA, customer service standards, and a new twist to the annual budget process. Government workers are wondering whether and how these many performance measurement programs relate to each other, and in fact, whether they perhaps conflid. In reality, they do not conflict. There is a unified theme to the federal government's performance measurement initiatives, which some call the "unified field theory." The Legislative Initiatives The first recognition of the role of performance measurement in legislation was the CFO Act of 1990. The primary purpose of the Act was to "bring more effective general and financial management to the federal government." It did so by (1) focusing the responsibility and authority for financial management in CFO positions in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and in each department and major agency, (2) providing for the improvement of agency accounting and financial management systems, and (3) establishing a requirement for audited financial statements. In several places the Act addressed performance measurement. Paragraph 902(a)(3))(iv) requires the agency systems to provide for "the systematic measurement of performance." Paragraph 902(a)(7) requires the agency CFOs to "prepare and submit...timely performance reports." Paragraph 3515 (b)(2) requires each agency to prepare a financial statement that reflects the "results of operations." These provisions have been viewed as an appreciation for the role financial reporting should play in performance measurement--and vice versa. Specifically, it is widely recognized that the objective of a business enterprise is to generate earnings and a return on investment; its financial statements are used to report the achievement of that objective. The objective of a governmental entity, however, is not to generate earnings or a return--it is to provide services. If a governmental entity's financial statements are to be complete and relevant, they must report the performance of those services. Moreover, including measures of program performance in the annual financial statements helps assure the continuation of the performance measurement process. History shows that people generally do not like being held accountable, and governmental organizations report performance measures only as long as a proponent of the process leads the organization or is a member of its legislative body. Making program performance measures an integral part of the routine annual financial reporting will help to assure the continuation of program measures reporting regardless of any leadership or personnel changes. Finally, it is widely accepted that program managers should take a greater interest in financial management. The likelihood that program managers will look at and use the financial statements can be increased by including information about what they care about the most--namely, measures of program accomplishment. To implement this legislative intent, OMB provided agencies with guidance for selecting measures for inclusion in the annual financial statements, and reacted to measures suggested by the agencies. It also includes comments on the measures and the reported performance in its evaluation of each year's financial statements. As a result, the agency's financial statements have been a source of considerable performance measurement information. …


1. OVERVIEW. Matapuna, from a Māori word meaning 'source', is an open-source Dictionary Writing System (DWS) developed by Dave Moskovitz of Thinktank Consulting Limited in collaboration with the Māori Language Commission of New Zealand. It is a DWS much like Toolbox, iLex, or TshwaneLex, but unlike the others, it is entirely webbased. This means that its interface can be opened with any usual browser, which is a huge advantage if we consider that most users are now familiar with the Internet. Furthermore, its network feature makes it well-suited for collaborative dictionary projects, either in a Local Area Network or on the Internet. In the latter case, you and your team can access the project and do the work from any part of the world. Above all, Matapuna is a multiuser DWS, meaning that different users can log in simultaneously and work on the same project. Thanks to the self-archiving function of the system, all changes to the entries are recorded with the username of each author and the date of change. Because the system is highly flexible, changes in the data structure that are made in a later stage of a project will apply to the whole database. This is not true of some dictionary software. For example, in Toolbox, changes in the template apply only to subsequent entries, not the preceding ones. Matapuna has few technical requirements. If you run your project locally on your computer, you will need to install a Linux server as your operating system and at least 500 MB to 1 GB of RAM memory (today even most cheap computers have at least 1 GB RAM). Please note that typically you can download Linux-based server software free of charge. 1 If your project is hosted on another machine, you need nothing but a web browser. In such a case, the current operating system on your computer should be irrelevant. Matapuna can be used to compile bilingual as well as monolingual dictionaries. My own project is a monolingual dictionary of Fula (also called Fulfulde in the literature), a West African language. At present, there are only two interface languages—Māori and English. However, the system can easily be translated into any other language (Dave Moskovitz, pers. comm.). 2. DOWNLOAD AND INSTALLATION. Matapuna can be downloaded from a repository such as the one linked by the SourceForge URL in the summary. For more details, please go to the homepage as also indicated below in the summary. The program can be installed easily by executing the downloaded file. If, for any reason, you cannot run Matapuna on your own computer, you can get in touch with Dave Moskovitz and check if it is possible for him to host your project. Details are provided on the Matapuna website.


This paper investigates how large shocks on the Egyptian labor market following the 2011 uprising impacted youths' time allocation. We estimate the effects of reported changes in the father's working conditions on youths' work participation and school enrollment in bivariate probit models, using the 2012 round of the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey. Our contribution lies in exploring the association between mother's empowerment and shock transmission. We find that reported positive changes reduce daughters' participation in intensive domestic work but only when the mother has a high level of bargaining power. This suggests that a woman's say in household decisions can affect the reallocation of resources following a change in the family income.


If I allow myself to take your attention for a few minutes today, then only in order to be able to present to you a woman with an absolute contraction of the pelvis, a phenomenon, as you know, is quite rare in our country.


Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Vigna aconitifolia (HEVA) in Wistar albino rat.
Methods: In rats, catalepsy was induced using haloperidol (4 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment groups received bromocriptine (4 mg/kg) and HEVA at the dose of (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) orally. Bar test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer were carried out to assess behavioral changes. Assay of dopamine and catalase was also carried out to assess biochemical parameters.
Results: Bromocriptine and HEVA-treated groups showed a significant difference in behavioral and biochemical parameters as compared to haloperidol control group in the experimental models.
Conclusion: Vigna aconitifolia seeds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity in haloperidol mouse model.


Onion (allium cepa) extract has been used in textile and leather industry as a colorant. Natural colors have attracted the attention of the entire world because of their non-hazardous nature. In the present study, nylon fabric was dyed with onion (allium cepa) natural dye using various mordants such as alum, copper sulphate and potassium dichromate by HTHP dyeing methods. The dyeing behavior of dyes was assessed by colorimetric evaluations of fabrics were carried out by spectrophotometer. Good wash-fastness, rubbing-fastness, light-fastness, water-fastness and perspiration-fastnesswere obtained.


Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-parent:"";
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:10.0pt;
 font-family:"Times New Roman";}
 This article argues that teachers as professionals should be aware of the importance of professional development since professional development is a key tool that keeps teachers abreast of current issues in education, helps them implement innovation, and refines their practice. Reflective practice, one of which is compiling teaching portfolio, could be the basis for professional development. By assembling the teaching portfolio teachers can reflect on their past and plan for their future action. Teaching portfolio could be assembled for the purpose of promotion or self assessment.


The drag force exerted on a moving dislocation by a field of mobile solutes is studied in the steady state. The drag force is numerically calculated as a function of the dislocation velocity for both perfect and extended dislocations. The sensitivity of the non-dimensionalized force–velocity curve to the various controlling parameters is assessed, and an approximate analytical force–velocity expression is given. A non-dimensional parameter S characterizing the strength of the solute-dislocation interaction, the background solute fraction , and the dislocation character angle , are found to have the strongest influence on the force–velocity curve. Within the model considered here, a perfect screw dislocation experiences no solute drag, but an extended screw dislocation experiences a non-zero drag force that is about 10 to 30% of the drag on an extended edge dislocation. The solutes can change the spacing between the Shockley partials in both stationary and moving extended dislocations, even when the stacking fault energy remains unaltered. Under certain conditions, the solutes destabilize an extended dislocation by either collapsing it into a perfect dislocation or causing the partials to separate unboundedly. It is proposed that the latter instability may lead to the formation of large faulted areas and deformation twins in low stacking fault energy materials containing solutes, consistent with experimental observations of copper and stainless steel containing hydrogen.


The use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for electrical interconnections is hinder by the possibility of growing CNT directly onto metallization. The introduction of barrier layer between catalyst and metallization is thus essential to permit the direct growth of vertically aligned CNT bundles using CVD approaches. As a result, the resultant CNT bundle resistivity is not only a function of the densities and quality of CNT growth, but is also affected by the thickness and resistivity of the barrier layer. CNT is growth on different thickness of TiN with 2 different underlying layers (Au and SiO2). It was observed that the length of CNT grown on Au is independent of TiN thickness, whereas the height decreases for Au underlayers case. In both scenarios, both have well aligned CNTs growth when the thickness of TiN is <; 90nm.


The Fair Housing Act (FHA) is a powerful tool in the civil rights arsenal and has achieved a great deal, but its promise to address structural inequities that have undergirded the U.S. housing system has yet to be realized. HUD's Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing (AFFH) rule is an important effort to do that, reflecting new learning and a refined approach to the core challenge of remedying ongoing barriers to fair housing that perpetuate disparities. This article aims to provide details on how and why that rule was created, building on the experiences of two Obama-administration appointees involved in the rule's creation. After providing a brief background on the AFFH mandate of the FHA, this article explains the origins and theory behind the new rule and summarizes details of the rule and key initial critiques and experiences. It ends with some thoughts on how the approach embodied in HUD's rule could assist in ushering in a new era of equity planning. Background: The Fair Housing Act's Power and Promise The FHA is a robust and wide-ranging piece of civil rights legislation. As the courts have recognized, the act is designed and has been given broad application to fully achieve "the policy of the United States to provide, within constitutional limitation, for fair housing throughout the United States."1 Although the act did not define "fair housing," it applies to any entity whose actions 1 Fair Housing Act, 42 U.S.C. § 3601.


Summary The small causewayed enclosure on Offham Hill, East Sussex, being one of the only five surviving Neolithic enclosures in Sussex, was excavated in 1976 prior to its final destruction by ploughing. The enclosure consisted of two incomplete circles of discontinuous banks and ditches. Molluscan analysis indicated that the structure was built in a woodland clearing and that the ditches were not contemporary. A few pot sherds and flint tools were found in the shallow ditches, together with a crouched burial and disarticulated human bones. No conclusively Neolithic features were found in the interior. The possibility that this enclosure, together with others of similar type, may have been areas defined for exposure burial is discussed.


• Analysis of data from 40 countries in Latin America from December 2002 to September 2012 shows a correlation between competition in a given market and its mobile penetration. Twenty-seven markets showed a strong negative correlation between the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) - a measure of the concentration of a market, which varies inversely with its level of competition - and penetration. • Among the 40 countries analyzed, Brazil had the most competitive market as of September and one of the highest penetrations, of 132%. The correlation between the two figures over the 10-year period was -0.78. • Mexico, the second-biggest market in Latin America, displayed a strong negative correlation, -0.9. It has consistently been one of the most concentrated markets over the past 10 years and was one of the few with penetration below 100% as of September. • Argentina and Chile have consistently been ranked among the most competitive markets, a fact that is reflected in their penetration rates: 141% and 147%, respectively, which fall in the top eight. And competition in Chile is expected to rise, with four new entrants having launched in 2012. • Colombia is an exception to the pattern, with a correlation near zero. It has seen a drop in HHI over the past 10 years, but it is still the 18th least competitive country in Latin America. Its change in HHI has not been linear, with ups and downs over the years. Even though its penetration is below the region's average, at 100%, it has risen significantly from 2002, when it was only 11%, well below the region's overall 19%.


Zoltan Kodaly's first published work, the chorus Este (Evening), was written in 1904, the year in which the composer graduated from Hans Koessler's class at the Budapest Academy of Music.' It was written in a highly personal idiom that already contained many of the stylistic features characteristic of the mature Kodaly; in it the twenty-two-year-old composer had definitely moved far beyond the student stage. It is wellknown that Este was preceded by other compositions; however, our knowledge of Kodaily's earlier music is extremely scarce. We know that an overture was performed by the orchestra of Kodaly's high school in the North Hungarian town of Nagyszombat (now Trnava, Czechoslovakia) in 1898.2 The next year, Kodaily and two colleagues played his string trio in a school concert. In addition to these early compositions, the various Kodaly work lists3 contain several titles dating from the years before 1904, but very few of these works have been treated in the literature;4 many are apparently lost, and only a few have been published to date.5 In his conversations with Lutz Besch in 1964, Kodaly commented on the two pieces performed in Nagyszombat, describing their style as hav-


Automakers are increasingly providing connectivity enhancements for vehicles to download navigational data, as well as to upload sensor information to the cloud. Generally, while more data may be better, for the driver on-the-go, information needs to be displayed in a manner that can be comprehended rather quickly. One of the major problems with visualizing route maps is that the amount of information visualized is always the same regardless of the fact that an individual may be more familiar with the region or whether an individual is driving at varying speeds. Research has shown that complex visualizations with visual clutter can cause cognitive overload that adversely affects the performance of a user. Additionally, the attention and interaction abilities of a driver are significantly compromised in a vehicular environment. We propose DriveSense, a context-sensitive visualization system that automatically varies the GPS updates and the corresponding visualization being displayed to the user based on the speed of the vehicle as well as the familiarity of the region that the user is driving in. Based on a user evaluation, we found that subjects preferred using the automatic visualizations of route maps generated by DriveSense than the visual representations shown by a standard GPS. We also computed visual clutter for our visualizations at varying speeds and found that the clutter was significantly less for the routes displayed by DriveSense for faster speeds as compared to slower speeds.


Patients with liver diseases have a higher risk of hemostatic disorders. Meanwhile, despite a well-established opinion on a low risk of thromboses in cirrhosis, thromboembolic events cannot be totally ruled out in these patients. Increased risks of thrombotic events and venous thromboembolism in cirrhosis are accounted for by external (immobilization, surgeries, infections, comorbidities) and internal factors (reduced synthesis of anticoagulants, increased levels of estrogens). Practically, the selection of anticoagulant therapy in cirrhosis is difficult because of divergent hemostatic disorders and requires continuous and careful monitoring of hemostasis. In 2019, the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA) released guidelines on anticoagulant therapy in patients with cirrhosis and pulmonary embolism. We describe a patient with cirrhosis and pulmonary embolism. A management strategy was tailored to the AGA guidelines, the Russian Society on Liver Research guidelines, and the Russian Gastroenterological Association on Fibrosis and Cirrhosis and Complication Diagnosis and Treatment guidelines. This example of successful selection of anticoagulant therapy, multidisciplinary approach, and dynamic evaluation of all available methods of hemostasis control will be useful for practitioners. KEYWORDS: cirrhosis, hemostasis, thrombosis, hemorrhage, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, thromboelastometry, anticoagulant, low-molecular-weight heparin. FOR CITATION: Arykan N.G., Shestopalov A.E., Khvorostinina E.E. et al. Selecting anticoagulant therapy in patients with cirrhosis. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2022;6(5):286–292 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2022-6-5-286-292.


Abstract This paper demonstrates that US–Scandinavian intelligence relations in general, and Signals Intelligence (Sigint) relations in particular, during the period 1945 through 1960 were more extensive and complicated than had previously been believed. Bilateral US intelligence liaison relations with nominally neutral Sweden were of particular importance in the early years of the Cold War given its geographic location adjacent to the northwestern portion of the USSR. Moreover, the importance of Sigint received from the three principal Scandinavian countries covered by this paper (Norway, Denmark, and Sweden) proved to be quite important to the US intelligence community during the early years of the Cold War, when the US Sigint infrastructure was relatively weak and stretched thin by commitments in Asia and elsewhere. This paper covers the quantity, quality, and types of intelligence information provided to the US by each of the Scandinavian nations, demonstrating that the nature of US intelligence relations with these countries changed substantially as time went by.


The attitude matrix minimizing Wahba's loss function is computed directly by a method that is competitive with the fastest known algorithm for finding this optimal estimate. The method also provides an estimate of the attitude error covariance matrix. Analysis of the special case of two vector observations identifies those cases for which the TRIAD or algebraic method minimizes Wahba's loss function.


We attempt to identify a phenomenologically viable solution to the strong CP problem in which the axion is composed entirely out of Standard Model fermion species. The axion consists predominantly of the η′ meson with a minuscule admixture of a pseudoscalar bilinear composite of neutrinos, ην . The Peccei-Quinn symmetry is an axial symmetry that acts on the up quark and the neutrino species and is spontaneously broken by the QCD condensate of quarks as well as the condensate of neutrinos triggered by chiral gravitational anomaly. The up-quark mass is spontaneously generated by the neutrino condensate which plays the role of an additional composite Higgs doublet with the compositeness scale of the order of the neutrino masses. Such a scenario is highly economical: it solves the strong CP problem, generates the up-quark and neutrino masses from fermion condensates and simultaneously protects the axion shift symmetry against gravitational anomaly. The phenomenology is different from the standard hidden axion case. One of the experimental signatures is the existence of a gravity-competing isotope-dependent attractive force among nucleons at (sub)micron distances.


Objective\ To study the regulation of esteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression by glucocorticoid in osteoblasts and elucidate the mechanism of glucocorticoid\|induced bone resorption. Methods\ Primary osteoblastic cells from calvaria of newborn SD rats were cultured, and treated with dexamethasone according to the protocol. Total cellular ribonucleic acid was isolated by the TRIzol method. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to screen the level of OPG mRNA. Results\ Dexamethasome down\|regulated the mRNA levels of OPG dose\|and time\|dependently. After 6 hours of stimulation with 50 ng/ml dexamethasone, OPG mRNA levels significantly decreased. The inhibitory effect was seen at and above 10 ng/ml of dexamethasone. Conclusion The inhibition of OPG expression in osteoblasts may be involved in such a mechanism of glucocorticoid\|induced bone resorption and may also play a part in glucocorticoid\|induced osteoporosis.\;


In the present work we consider Einstein–Maxwell equations in (n+1)-dimensional spacetimes and show that there are Majumdar–Papapetrou type solutions for all n≥3. In the case of charged perfect fluids, the solutions with nonzero pressure are singular. It is verified that, for zero pressure, the equilibrium is independent of the shape of the distribution of the charged matter.


We report on swarms of repeating long‐period (LP) events with remarkably periodic occurrence at Deception Island volcano, Antarctica. The LP events show dominant frequencies near 2 Hz and characteristic inter‐event times that range from ∼10 s to ∼20 s for individual swarms. We observe that LP inter‐event times are approximate integer multiples of the dominant periods of the oceanic microseism, indicating a synchronization of LP activity with the phase of ocean noise. We attribute LP periodicity to the coincidence of sustained LP activity in an unstable hydrothermal system and external forcing by ocean noise that introduces periodic pressure variations in volcano fluids. We estimate the volumetric strain change generated by the oceanic microseism at the source location and conclude that strain of order 10−7 is sufficient to introduce clear periodicity in the LP sequences, and that periodicity increases with increasing strain.


This paper is one of three which describe a digital carrier-concentrator system with elastic traffic capacity. It deals with the traffic engineering considerations from a systems application viewpoint. One companion paper [1] describes the system organization, the switching function, supervision and control, and the reframing procedure. The other [2] describes the line equipment, delta codecs, line signaling functions, and an in-service line test facility. The system is unique in that the concentration switching function is nonblocking, but message channel quality varies with instantaneous traffic load. Realistic traffic limits are determined from consideration of message channel transmission degradations which may occur for small fractions of the busy hour. A suitable criterion is proposed, and the traffic capacity is calculated therefrom. The system provides telephone service to 256 subscriber lines over a single T1 digital line.


THE cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes characteristically associated with bacterial meningitis include an increase in protein and a decrease in glucose content. The former change is usually attributed to inflammatory changes in the meninges in association with a generalized increase in the permeability of the membranes which comprise the "blood-CSF barrier." 1 This permeability change presumably results in the greater diffusion of plasma proteins into CSF. The decrease in glucose content has been attributed to glycolysis by phagocyting polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of bacteria, 2 as evidenced by increased concentrations of lactic acid in purulent fluids. 3 Another factor has been suggested, namely, that a variety of meningeal disorders may be associated with an alteration in the transfer of glucose between blood and CSF. 4-6 Glucose transfer has been shown to be dependent upon a membrane carrier system, which has the characteristics of facilitated diffusion. 7 These studies were


The boiler furnace internal explosion-proof design pressure selection has a certain relation with induced fan pressure head.At present both international and domestic standards have some conflictions about it.With total resistance increase of flue gas system in recent years the boiler furnace internal explosion-proof design pressure selection for different thermal power projects is not unified and there is a tendency to increase the pressure continuously.The paper studies on selection of boiler furnace capability to bearing pressure,especially induced fan with higher pressure head,and puts forward selection principles and corresponding measures.


In order to accelerate the fermentation of pineapple residue,various cellulose degrading-bacteria were isolated from naturally fermented pineapple residue by using manifold selective media,and obtained a pineapple residue cellulose degrading strain c3b1-3 through preliminary and repeated screenings with optimal medium of protein cellulose medium(PCS).It was identified as Chryseobacterium sp.according to its morphology,physiology,bio-chemical and molecular characteristics.


Achieving high-precision light manipulation is crucial for delivering information through complex media with high fidelity. However, existing spatial light modulation devices face a fundamental tradeoff between speed and accuracy. Digital micromirror devices (DMDs) have emerged as a promising candidate as accessible high-speed wavefront shaping devices but at the cost of compromised fidelity, largely due to the physically limited degrees of freedom and the challenge of numerically optimizing a binary amplitude mask. Here we introduce a physics-based sparsity-constrained optimization framework that takes into account the constraints on wavefront shaping and the sparse-to-dense transformation via complex media to enhance projection fidelity through complex media. Our method achieves unprecedented high-fidelity light manipulation at the full speed of DMDs (22 kHz) owing to the pursuit of more feasible, optimal, and numerically stable inverse solutions. In addition, our method is system-agnostic and generalizable, demonstrating consistent superior performance across different types of complex media with up to an 89% increase in projection accuracy and a 126% improvement in speckle suppression. The proposed optimization framework has the potential to enhance existing holographic setups without any change to the hardware, enable high-fidelity and high-speed wave-front shaping through different scattering media and platforms, and directly facilitate a wide range of physics and real-world applications.


Poster shows German soldier pointing at viewer. Text: You, too, should join the Reichswehr. Therefore, sign up at the next enlistment post, Reichswehr-Gruppen-Kommando no. 4 (Bavarian), Mohl, Major General.
Forms part of: Rehse-Archiv fur Zeitgeschichte und Publizistik.
Title from item.


In this paper, the solutions of three dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations are obtained by using sin (k\(\mathrm{\xi}\))- cos (k\(\mathrm{\xi}\))(\(\mathrm{\xi}\)=\(\mathrm{\xi}\)(x,y,z,t),k\(\geq\)0) method and Riccati auxiliary equation. This paper obtains the soliton solutions by the aid of software Mathematica. These stabilized soliton solutions are focused at incompressible fluids and the main technological applications in mind are those related with material processing techniques.


The mangrove ecosystem in Jor Bay described as a social-ecological system (SES) that has a multi-purpose function and related to ecosystem services. The mangrove ecosystems have social and ecological dimensions that couldn't be separated. Management based on this approach is social ecology-based management, which is basically the integration between understanding ecology and social values. Therefore, the investigation of the linkage of the mangrove social-ecological system needs to be done in an effort to map the balance of mangrove ecosystem services in Jor Bay. The study was conducted in April-May 2018 in Jor Bay, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. The approaches that used in this research are Burkhard Model. The results obtained are ecosystem services that are most widely used in Jor Bay is provisioning services, especially in non direct extraction use. For example taking some biota that live in mangrove ecosystem. The general condition of ecosystem services in Jor Bay is still in a surplus condition (using a capacity matrix, demand matric and supply matrix).


Transparent conductive oxides are commonplace in many PV technologies but have not been applied to III - V multijunction solar cells so far. In this paper, we analyze the current performance of the latest generation of these materials and study the potential advantages of their use in III- V multijunction solar cells via simulations and experiments. Calculations show that a number of conductive oxides have potential for improving the performance of these devices by boosting the lateral conductance of the emitter without significant optical losses. Initial experimental results reveal that there exist a number of practical challenges to be overcome to reach the improvements predicted by theory.


The performance (βN ≈ 3, q95 ≈ 4.4, fBS ≈ 0.5, H89 > 2) of hybrid scenario plasmas in DIII-D (Luxon 2002 Nucl. Fusion 42 614) is limited by m/n = 2/1 tearing modes. Unlike conventional plasmas (Hender et al 2004 Nucl. Fusion 44 798), the linear dependence scaling of the global beta for onset of the instability with normalized local ion gyroradius is modified as the n = 1 ideal kink beta limit is approached, suggesting that small island neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) threshold physics does not impose the dominant criterion for NTM stability. The hybrid scenario tends to go unstable just at or below the no wall n = 1 ideal kink beta limit of about 4ℓi. Experimentally 4ℓi decreases with beta as . Thus the 'ceiling' in beta due to coupling of tearing to the ideal kink comes down as beta is increased. Scaling of the tearing unstable beta that combines both NTM threshold physics and a pole in Δ′r due to coupling to the ideal kink is presented.


This study of 591 Mexican Americans evaluated various strategies for recruiting prospective Mexican American adoptive parents. Approximately one-third of the sample reported an interest in adoption but many perceived both structural and cultural obstacles to adoption. Multivariate analyses of the predictors of future adoption using various hypothetical recruiting strategies indicated that the perception of structural obstacles to adoption, not initial interest in adoption, was the strongest predictor of future likelihood to adopt. Suggestions are presented to increase the recruitment of Mexican American prospective adoptive parents. Increased attention is being given to identifying and recruiting minority prospective adoptive parents, particularly in light of the ongoing debate over the role of race and ethnicity in adoptive placements. Although there is generally no shortage of prospective Caucasian adoptive parents for Caucasian infants, minority children and children with special needs are less fortunate, at least in part because the recruitment of adoptive parents is not consistent across racial/ethnic groups [Simon & Altstein 1992]. Two issues have been associated with the more limited recruitment of families from minority communities: (1) potential minority adoptive parents may not be reached by current recruitment efforts to the same extent as their nonminority peers, and (2) eligibility requirements of many adoption agencies may eliminate (or have done so in the past) a sizable pool of potential minority adoptive parents. Further complicating this issue is the debate over the appropriateness of interracial/ethnic adoption, which, in this article, refers to adoptions in which the adoptive parents and children are racially and/or ethnically incongruent. Because the practice of interracial/ethnic adoption has implications for minority children in terms of loss of cultural heritage, identity conflicts, and difficulties dealing with racism [Andujo 1988; McRoy et al. 1982], it is the authors' position that racially/ethnically congruent adoptive placements are preferred, all else being equal, and that greater efforts must be made to identify and recruit families from minority communities. This article focuses on the recruitment of Mexican American prospective adoptive parents and their interest in adopting Mexican American children. It examines the likelihood of adoption among Mexican Americans, their perceptions of the efficacy of certain recruiting techniques to increase Mexican American adoptions, their beliefs about the importance of structural and cultural obstacles to adoption, and their interest in adoption if particular recruitment strategies are implemented. It also considers the impact of the Multi-Ethnic Placement Act of 1994 (P.L. 103382) and the Interethnic Placement Amendments of 1996 (P.L. 104188) on the identification and recruitment of prospective adoptive parents from minority communities. Lastly, it assesses certain strategies for recruiting Mexican American families that agencies have used with some success. Literature Review Background and Trends Most instances of interracial/ethnic adoption involve Caucasian families adopting children of other races/ethnicities [Bachrach et al. 1990]. Simon and Altstein [1992] assert that interracial/ethnic adoptions have increased over recent years, not so much by design but more as an "accommodation to reality." With the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade legalizing abortion, the increased availability of contraceptive methods, and the growing trend for single mothers to parent their children, the availability of Caucasian infants for adoption has decreased over the past 25 years [Bachrach et al. 1992]. As a result, many Caucasian prospective adoptive parents have turned to more readily available infants of color. Interracial/ethnic adoption, however, has not been uniformly accepted. Opposition to interracial/ethnic adoption, specifically of African American children by Caucasian parents, gained momentum in the early 1970s when the National Association of Black Social Workers spoke out against the practice. …


The karyotype analysis of an endangered freshwater fish, Microphysogobio koreensis, was performed to obtain basic data for phylogenetic information. To carry out our study, 4 specimens were collected in Seomjingang River and Nakdongang River and its kidney was treated by flamedrying method. The chromosome number of this species demonstrated 50 diploid chromosomes, with two populations of M. koreensis not significantly different. The karyotype revealed 2n =26m +24sm, consisting of 26 metacentric (m) and 24 submetacentric (sm) chromosomes with the total fundamental arm number determined as FN=100. Total arm length and arm ratio of the chromosomes were 1.44~2.68 μm and 1.27~2.27, respectively. The karyotype of M. koreensis was first reported in this study.


The continued growth of economies has led to an increased demand for reliable electrical power [1]. Dwindling resources near load centres increases the need to access remote resources and transmit electrical power over longer distances. This has led to the use of high voltage direct current (HVDC) for bulk power transmission [2]. There are currently two operational HVDC schemes in Af r ica, namely the Cahora Bassa scheme between Mozambique and South Africa, and the Inga-Shaba scheme in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) [3]. The reliability of an HVDC scheme will be reduced if there are factors that increase the number of DC line insulator flashovers. One such factor is where the voltage along the line is increased by the presence of standing waves, and this paper describes a simulation study to investigate this possible problem.


Abstract : Presenting paired associates in the same serial order on all pairing and test trials facilitated performance during training but not learning of the pairs. (Author)


We consider a dioecious population having numbers of males and females that vary over time in cycles of length k. It is shown that if k is small in comparison with the numbers of males and females in any generation of the cycle, the e€ective population number (or size), Ne, is approximately equal to the harmonic mean of the e€ective population sizes during any given cycle. This result holds whether the locus under consideration is autosomal or sex-linked and whether inbreeding e€ective population numbers or variance e€ective population numbers are involved in the calculation of Ne. If, however, only two successive generations in the cycle are considered and the population changes in size between these generations, the inbreeding e€ective population number, NeI, di€ers from the variance e€ective population number, NeV. The mutation e€ective population number turns out to be the same as the number derived using calculations involving probabilities of identity by descent. It is also shown that, at least in one special case, the eigenvalue e€ective population number is the same as NeV. Ó 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.


The potential release of macro and micro minerals from six tropical green forages were determined by in sacco rumen degradability method. The release of minerals in the rumen were estimated in green forages (maize fodder, hybrid napier, doob grass, para grass, berseem and sunhemp) by incubating the forage samples for different periods, i.e. 10h, 24h, 48h and 72h in three adult cattle fitted with rumen cannula by in sacco nylon bag technique. The release of macro and micro minerals from experimental green forages were significantly (P<0.001) different and highest release was observed in potassium (K) and lowest in calcium (Ca) from different classes of forages. The pattern of macro minerals release from different categories of green forages was as follows: K > Mg > P > Ca. Among the green forages, berseem and sunhemp showed highest release of various minerals in the rumen at different periods of incubation. Manganese (Mn) release was lowest among the micro minerals from experimental green forages in the rumen. The pattern of micro minerals release from green forages was as follows: Cu > Zn > Mn. Results obtained from the study concluded that the potential availability of various minerals in the rumen from different classes of green forages was different and this information may be useful in strategic supplementation of minerals to animals through green forages.


Objective: To determine the prevalence of work related neck pain in computer operators.
Methodology: There were 309 computer operators taken for this research. The prevalence of neck pain was assessed with the help of a questionnaire. The results were analyzed through SPSS-20 software.
Results: Neck pain was more common in female computer operators. It was more common in middle class computer operators as compared to others. 67.3% of computers operators complained of localized neck and 32.7% complained of radiating neck pain. Neck pain occurred in computer operators due to wrong posture. It reduced the performance of computer operators. Neck pain was more common in those computer operators that used computer randomly 1-3 hours.
Conclusion: Female computer operators were more victims of neck pain as compared to male computer operators.
Key Words: Neck pain, computer operators, ergonomics.


Purpose – To present numerical techniques and results of finite element based optimisation of material forming process for production of shaped food and beverage cans.Design/methodology/approach – The objectives were achieved by combining finite element system ELFEN with optimisation shell INVERSE. These computer systems were applied to optimisation of preform design, optimisation of tribological conditions between can body and individual segments of the tooling system as well as to optimisation of kinematics of the tooling segments.Findings – Numerical analyses show that preform design offers the highest optimisation potential. For preform shape optimisation a very efficient algorithm has been developed which enables effective minimisation of the objective function.Originality/value – The paper identifies three main technological possibilities to optimise production process for shaped cans and quantifies the effects of each option. It also identifies the most efficient optimisation techniques to improve ...


Double phase microaggregation is used for protecting biomedical data.It provide the privacy for patient without fully trusted party. Microaggregation perform using V-MDAV algorithm over patient data's then send the patient data to third party.so no one can reveal the patient data's. Distributed architecture that allows the private gathering, storage, and sharing of biomedical data. Before microaggregation perform encryption and decryption operation using elliptic curve cryptography. Double phase microaggregation reduce the information loss, disclosure risk and preserve the correlation using correlation analysis.


Test efficiency of packaged electronics strongly depends on test time and test cost because test time increase causes the increase of test cost. In this paper, with RF WLP devices fabricated by wafer level package processes, we have demonstrated RF multi-DUT testing technology with superior measurement stability and enhanced package yield in RF wafer level test. We could know that RF multi-DUT testing technology for RF WLP devices in wafer level testing has test time reduction of 61.9% compared to test time of RF single-DUT testing through analyzing test time. This technology can offer a number of significant advantages such as productivity improvement and superior capabilities for high performance RF wafer level testing. RF multi-DUT testing technology is essential in addressing future needs for testing RF WLP devices on the wafer.


Abstract Fuente Mudarra is on a gentle slope on the left bank of the Pico River, near Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain. A 12−m2 test pit was dug at this large open-air site between 2012 and 2017. Several upper Pleistocene archaeological levels were documented. Results from Fuente Mudarra confirm that Neanderthal groups, little represented at cave sites, occupied Sierra de Atapuerca from the end of the middle Pleistocene and during the upper Pleistocene. The site also provides insight into Neanderthal spatial organization in the Atapuerca area and whether they used the caves in an occasional, non-habitual way like the open-air sites.


An efficient, travelling-wave based multipath-simulation technique is presented, suitable for the estimation of Power-Line Communication channels' response in terms of both transfer function and power delay profile. The cable transmission parameters are thereupon requisite, as well as the vicinal network topology. The algorithm applies directly to narrowband single-phase HF signalling over cabling compliant with the two-conductor transmission-line model. Experimental verification throughout the 1.6–30 MHz band on the basis of the quantitative path-incorporation criterion proposed, reveals resultant amplitude-response accuracy of no less than 5 dB. Dependency of the RMS delay spread on the multitude of network's impedance-mismatch points, the overall network length, as well as the carrier frequency, is in addition investigated. Quite clear functional interrelations ensue thereupon, whereat proper analytical descriptions are proposed. Applicability of the multipath approach introduced is indicated for narrowband and wideband channel capacity estimations, and relevant hints towards the treatment of multiconductor line structures are suggested. Copyright © 2006 AEIT


Andalusia, became one of the prominent regions of the recitation field, especially in the fifth and sixth centuries of the Hegira, due to the turmoil in the Eastern Islamic geography. The works of Andalusian qiraat scholars who lived in these centuries, especially on the differences in qiraat, received great praise in many parts of the Islamic world. At the same time, these works were accepted among the basic works of qiraat education and were counted as reference works of this field.
In the beginning of these books, with the work of Abû 'Amr ed-Dânî (d. 444/1053) named et-Teysîr fi'l-ḳırâ'ati's-sebʻ, Kâsım b. Fîrruh al-Shatibî (d. 590/1194), Dânî's poem called Ḥirzü'l-emânî and vechü't-tehânî, which he originally named et-Teysîr, gained fame with the name "esh-Şâṭibiyya". On the other hand, these studies are inspired by Ibn Mujâhid's "Kitabu's-seb'a" and therefore have been criticised by some scholars mostly because they contain 7 qiraat and only 14 narratives and remain limited in terms of tariq. Perhaps the harshest of the above-mentioned criticisms belongs to Ebû Hayyân al-Andalusî (d. 745/1344), who is also an Andalusian qiraat scholar. This article deals with the analysis of the determinations and critical approaches to Andalusian qiraat culture in İbn al-Jazarî's book Müncidü'l-muḳriîn ve mürşidü'ṭ-ṭâlibîn (quoted from Abu Hayyân) from various perspectives. This transmission, which is as long as it can get, consists essentially of his answer to questions posed to Abu Hayyân.
This transmission, which is as long as it can get, essentially consists of the answer to the questions posed to Abu Hayyân; whether et-Teysîr and Ḥirzü'l-emani contain references to all or only some of the seven letters pointed out by Prophet Muhammad, whether the ten qiraat were taught in history, the method of this qiraat and whether this method was accepted or not.
Although the mentioned statements of Abu Hayyân were expressed on a specific question, they contain a lot of information about the historical course of the science of qiraat in Andalusia and the basic features of the qiraat culture in this region. However, it is understood that some of this information needs to be reconsidered with a broader perspective, some of it various additions and some of it various corrections. On the other hand, it is observed that the information in this part of the work is not conveyed under different titles, but scattered in different parts of the text. In this context, first of all, the narrations extracted from the text in question were divided into certain topics; afterwards, an effort has been made to evaluate the aforementioned information in the axis of these headings.
In this research, first of all, a brief introduction about Ibn al-Jazarî's "Müncid" is given within the framework of the mentioned issues. Then, the reasons for the author's relevance to the qiraat activities in Andalusia were examined. Then, the following five titles were discussed; "The introduction of the seven qiraats methods to Andalusia", "The main sources of Andalusian qiraat culture", "Acceptance of some Andalusian scholars as the sole authority", "The common qiraat classification in Andalusia", "The claim that the qiraat works in Andalusia are limited". After that the source value of Müncid was tried to be revealed at these points.
As a result of these investigations, in parallel with the effect of the rıhles made from Andalusia to the East from the early periods; It has been understood that Andalusia's acquaintance with the seven qiraats began before the date given by Abu Hayyân. Likewise, Hijaz had a great influence on the recitation preferred in Andalusia, and Baghdad had a great influence on the content of the works of Andalusian qiraat scholars. For this reason, it has been determined that these two regions played a role as much as Egypt in the formation of the Andalusian school of qiraat. It has been seen that some Andalusian qurras are considered the sole authority in the field of qiraat, and that the qiraat activities in this region are shaped around the names mentioned, and it has been dedected that Abu Hayyân is right on this point. Studies dealing with the differences in qiraat in Andalusia do not include only seven qiraats; many examples have been encountered in this region showing that eight and ten qiraats are also known. In addition, in some of the works copyrighted by Andalusians, a wide accumulation of narration and tariq was found.


This article explores the reasons Latin American lawyers decide to pursue graduate studies in the United States (US).Correspondingly, this article also researches the reasons US law schools offer post-graduate programs for the benefit of foreign students.


The present article corresponds to the second part of the study: "Notes about the historical trajectory of the tobacco plantation in the Palmares country". Different from the first article, this one has as a main objective to reconstruct the tobacco history by means of the discourse in this alajuelense county, for that reason , it considers testimonies of people who in one way or the other were related with the cultivation, processing, and commercialization of this product. Also, a series of day-to-day elements related to the "handling" of a tabacal (pick up leaves, drying and empabilado), as well as the elaboration of the pure, "cuecha" and cigarettes, among others, were incorporated.


BACKGROUND: The modern model of healthcare requires a paradigm shift in the thinking of healthcare managers, doctors, and patients. A personalized approach, identification of possible causes of diseases, and prevention of pathologies are the components of successful and quality healthcare delivery in our country. Dentistry is a field in which preventive, prophylactic, and personalized medicine is an integral part of patient care. One of the important tasks of modern digital dentistry is to find indicators that allow for predicting dental implant complications. The solution to this problem could be the creation of a medical decision support system that allows predicting outcomes before implant surgery.
AIMS: To reliably identify predictors of early (up to 6 months) risk of dental implant rejection by applying hierarchical Bayesian survival analysis models.
METHODS: Data collected retrospectively for patients who underwent dental implant placement between 2013 and 2022 were considered information bases. Data were generated from multicenter surveys conducted in dental implant centers in Stavropol, Moscow, and Penza. The total number of observed cases was 1472. A group of defined factors was considered candidate risk predictors, and the Bayesian hierarchical Cox model (Gsslasso Cox) was used to identify risk predictors.
RESULTS: After retrospective analysis of the collected data and screening out incomplete and poor-quality information, the database included a total of 39 variables (factors) for 1472 observations (implants). The multivariate analysis yielded the following predictors of risk of early dental implant rejection: male sex (hazard ratio [HR] 2.388, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.345; 4.240, p=0.003), age at implantation (years; HR1.034, 95% CI 1.0081.041, p=0.011), oral hygiene (SilnesLow index; HR 2.439, 95% CI 1.2054.701, p=0.051), osteoporosis (HR 5.512, 95% CI 3.6848.248, p 0.001), bone width (mm; HR 0.823, 95% CI 0.7160.944, p=0.006), anesthetic type (local; HR 0.469, 95% CI 0.2340.944, p=0.034), localized periodontitis (HR 2.024, 95% CI 1.4522.821, p=0.039), and low-festooned, thick gingiva (HR=0.485; 95% CI: 0.358-0.658; p=0.0104).
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that predictors of risk of dental implant rejection can be identified separately in the early postoperative period (up to 6 months) by using hierarchical Bayesian survival analysis models, and risk predictors different from those in the longer term are identified in this period.


Flavonoids,a kind of natural antioxidants,have become popular for their wide application.The mechanism of scavenging free radicals and the structure-activity relationship were discussed.The medical effects and the application as pharmaceuticals,food addictives and cosmetics were summarized.


Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Camera UV images are presented for HM Sge showing a bipolar optical nebula similar to that in R Aquarii and RX Puppis. The nebula extends to a distance of 0.174" with a P.A. of 135 degrees inside a faint halo extending to a radius of 0.28". A kinematic distance to HM Sge based on positions of features in the nebula is found to be 1.77 ± 0.1 kpc. Comparisons between our UV images, radio maps taken in 1982 and IUE spectra all demonstrate that this system is still undergoing dramatic changes.


Interconnect structure and the use of the device, circuit structure and method of the structure. The present invention discloses an interconnection (Interconnection,) structure. The interconnect structure is disposed between a practically parallel first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, wherein the conductive layer comprises a signal line. The interconnect structure comprising a conductive pillar and a shielding wall studs. The conductive pillars traveling between the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, and conductive pillars connecting the signal lines of the first conductive layer. Shielding wall studs disposed between the first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, the shielding wall studs local region around the periphery of conductive pillars, and electrically coupled to the conductive pillars. The conductive pillar and a shielding wall studs in pairs or groups of architecture. This is different from the shape of the conductive pillar shielding wall studs, the special shape according to their design will be such that the conductive pillar and the wiring design includes the ability to control impedance.


This paper is devoted to fuzzy controllers, which generate control actions on the basis of fuzzy logic. This paper has sought to demonstrate that qualitative information can be formalised using fuzzy set theory and that this approach is applicable to a range of practical problems. The problems of optimization for their basic parameters are explained because of there importance in the design of fuzzy controllers.


The power handling in the divertor is one of the most crucial issues for a fusion reactor design. In the previous study of development of the power handling scenario for a compact DEMO reactor, SlimCS, further reduction of the target heat load was required even in the case where more than 90 % of the exhausted power from the core plasma was radiated by the argon impurity gas seeding. In this paper, the impact of the fusion power and the impurity seeding on the power handling in the fusion reactor divertor has been investigated by using an integrated divertor code SONIC. With decreasing the fusion power, the divertor plasma detachment is extended and the target heat load decreases. The SONIC simulation showed the operational regime, i.e., the target heat load less than 6 MW/m for a tungsten mono-block divertor with a ferritic steel water-cooling pipe, at the fusion power less than 2 GW. It is also shown that the impurity radiation fraction on the exhausted power can be reduced to 80 % at the fusion power of 2 GW in the case of a copper-alloy water-cooling tube.


This paper describes how, while an important concern in much of Europe, social exclusion is only now emerging as a significant academic and policy issue in North American cities. This paper examines the nature of social exclusion in two parts of a neighborhood in Hamilton. The northern part is characterized by lower social status (as measured by employment, education and house ownership) than the southern part. Through a survey and in-depth interviews, individuals in the two sub-neighborhoods were asked about social interactions, sense of belonging and lifestyle characteristics. Social exclusion was more prevalent in the north and had a negative impact on health.


1. Bovine chromaffin cells were inflated by pressure applied through a pipette or swollen during intracellular perfusion with hypertonic solutions. Effects of such procedures on electrical properties of the membrane were studied by a combination of the tight‐seal whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique and Fura‐2 fluorescence measurements of free intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). 2. Application of air pressure (about +5 cmH2O or 490 Pa) through the patch pipette caused an increase in the cell volume and concomitant development of an inwardly directed transient current at the holding potential of ‐60 mV. The current gradually increased to a peak value and subsequently decayed almost to its initial level within 5‐10 min. A short pulse of pressure (5‐10 s) was sufficient to elicit the whole sequence of events. 3. Intracellular free Ca2+ ion concentration, [Ca2+]i, steeply increased at the beginning of the pressure pulse to about 0.2 microM and either stayed at this level or decayed back to the more usual value of approximately 0.1 microM. 4. Similar changes in the transmembrane current and [Ca2+]i were observed during intracellular perfusion of cells with hypertonic solutions (30‐50 mosM difference relative to the bath solution) or during extracellular application of hypotonic solution. 5. Swelling of non‐perfused cells by extracellular application of hyposmotic solution caused the appearance of inward currents in cell‐attached membrane patches held at a fixed potential ‐30 mV relative to the cell's resting potential. The kinetics of the current resembled those of the whole‐cell current. 6. Intracellular introduction of guanosine triphosphate (GTP, 300 microM) significantly prolonged the duration (from 62 +/‐ 10 s, n = 5, to 98 +/‐ 8 s, n = 4, when measured at the level of half‐amplitude), while introduction of the non‐hydrolysable analogue of guanosine diphosphate (GDP), guanosine 5'‐O‐(2‐thiodiphosphate) (GDP beta S, 300 microM), decreased the maximal rate of increase (from 11.4 +/‐ 2.6 pA/s, n = 6, to 3.2 +/‐ 2.1 pA/s, n = 10) of the current activated by pressure. 7. Lowering of the intracellular free Ca2+ ion concentration by introduction of 10 mM‐EGTA did not significantly affect the current amplitude or time course. However, a rapid increase in the [Ca2+]i to micromolar levels (by activation of the voltage‐operated calcium channels during membrane depolarization) could terminate development of the current activated by pressure and cause its fast decay to zero‐current level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)


Autophagic degradation is a cell-autonomous mechanism for direct elimination of intracellular microbes, but also plays a broader role in innate and adaptive immunity and in general cytoplasmic homeostasis. The process of autophagy plays many functions, including feeding the cells under starvation conditions or upon withdrawal of growth factors. Autophagy plays both housekeeping and immune functions in macrophages and dendritic cells. The phagophore is enlarged by the addition of a new membrane that is of undefined origin but is suspected to come from the endoplasmic reticulum or a combination of sources including Golgi and endosomes. Most cells undergo baseline autophagy, removing protein aggregates and spuriously damaged mitochondria or other organelles, or adjusting the cellular biomass. The classical physiological inducers of autophagy are amino acid starvation or absence of growth factors. Recent studies examining effects on the redistribution of a sole integral membrane Atg protein, Atg9, have implicated ULK1 as the putative mammalian Atg1 ortholog. A classical physiological inducer of autophagy is amino acid starvation, in particular, withdrawal of leucine. In mammalian cells, the role of autophagy has been linked to immunological signals. In mice and humans it is under the control of cytokines and agonists regulating innate and adaptive immunity, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 13 (IL-13), and CD40L-CD40.


Heavy-duty vehicles OEMs have an increasing interest in alternative power train solutions. To gain benefits of hybrid power train, proper power bus control must be implemented. Control strategy refers to means necessary to meet duty cycle power demands while maintaining vehicle performance. Cascading controlling strategy division is proposed. Control method layering proposition is presented and control methods are divided into two categories, reactive and predictive methods. Finally these methods are implemented in series hybrid energy system model. Implemented reactive methods are load-based control, voltage-based control, voltage/load hybrid control and peak shaving control. Load data is measured data from electrical power train straddle carrier. One vehicle state predictive control method is implemented. Results are evaluated and discussed.


Traditional pico projector with RGB LEDs uses color multiplexers with dichroic filters and collimating lenses for combining the colored lights, is complex and costly. This paper describes a new LED recycling collar using Dual Parabolic Reflector (DPR) developed to increase the brightness of multicolored LED package with RGBW LEDs with output from each LED recycles back into itself on the same location, thus increases the brightness of each LED independently. In addition, the unique possibility of using the white LED in the multiplexed output provides another dimension in the color scheme, increasing the output brightness. The smaller component count lowers the cost of the system. A DLP projector using this DPR recycling collar will be described.


The study built a classification model of euphemisms system axis of which is a communicative act, prescribing each type of euphemisms in place strategies and tactics of communication participants seeking to escape the legal and ethical risks in public communication. The principle of functional classification is that euphemisms are divided into groups corresponding to different communicative settings and communicative reactions of the speaker and hearer. Accordingly in the classification we select the zone of the speaker and hearer's zone. The study was conducted in a comparative perspective: as the material chosen stylistically different newspapers "Moskovsky Komsomolets in the Kuzbass," and "Izvestiya." Uneven distribution of frequency of use of different types of euphemisms is registered. This allows us to conclude not only form of speech, communicative intentions, competence of the speaker and the listener implement to speech tactics of speaker and hearer in the aspect of using euphemisms, but also the status of publication, readership. The study was supported by RHSF (project № 11-34-00324a2).


Technological developments have stimulated rapid change and growth in North America's petroleum industry. This growth has placed significant demand on local and regional transportation infrastructure. This paper develops and applies an integrated framework for characterizing petroleum-related truck traffic to support the engineering and planning efforts needed to accommodate the growth. The framework draws from standard methodologies used for monitoring truck traffic and modeling freight transport demand and illustrates how these methodologies interrelate through their reliance on common data sources and their mutual goal of characterizing current and future truck traffic. Specific data sources relevant to the petroleum industry are identified within the context of the framework, although the framework is generic and transferable to other jurisdictions and industries with unique truck travel demands. An illustrative application of the framework for the petroleum industry reveals new insights about the industry that enable a better engineering and planning response to its transportation needs. The application examples also demonstrate how data describing exogenous industry factors, activity system variables, and transportation supply variables integrate with data collected by truck traffic monitoring programs to (a) clarify the interpretation of traditional truck traffic monitoring data, (b) provide direction in the design of a monitoring program, and (c) justify adjustments to standard monitoring procedures. However, successful data integration is limited by the difficulty in appropriately fusing quantitative and qualitative data sources, the increased reliance on industry intelligence, and the challenge of representatively observing a dynamic industry.


We prove that there are infinitely many integers n such that the total number of prime factors of (n+h1)…(n+hκ) is exactly (1 + o(1))κ Log k. Our result even ensures us that these prime factors are fairly evenly distributed among and factor n+hi.


This paper presents the design of a discrete time front-end electronics for CMOS radiation sensors with a power consumption of 11 nW/pixel. The architecture is inspired by the DRAM sensing techniques and it is suitable for small pixel readout. The design is implemented in a 110 nm CMOS technology and consists of a discrete time binary front-end composed by a source follower input stage, an inverting discriminator with offset compensation and a digital buffer. The work is carried out in the framework of the ARCADIA collaboration, which aims to develop fully-depleted monolithic CMOS sensor with low noise, fast charge collection and low power readout, compatible with standard fabrication processes. The first prototype of the discrete-time front-end is implemented in a 2x2 mm2 matrix composed by 4 sectors of 6 columns of 24 50 μm pitch pixels.Simulations show a power density below 1 mW/cm2 for a frame rate of 10 KHz. The circuit performance have been simulated with systematic and random process variation Monte Carlo simulations.


Abstract Digital twins have gained a lot of attention in modern day industry, but practical challenges arise from the requirement of continuous and real-time data integration. The actual physical systems are also exposed to disturbances unknown to the real-time simulation. Therefore, adaptation is required to ensure reliable performance and to improve the usability of digital twins in monitoring and diagnostics. This study proposes a general approach to the real-time adaptation of digital twins based on a mechanism guided by evolutionary optimization. The mechanism evaluates the deviation between the measured state of the real system and the estimated state provided by the model under adaptation. The deviation is minimized by adapting the model input based on the differential evolution algorithm. To test the mechanism, the measured data were generated via simulations based on a physical model of the real system. The estimated data were generated by a surrogate model, namely a simplified version of the physical model. A case study is presented where the adaptation mechanism is applied on the digital twin of a marine thruster. Satisfactory accuracy was achieved in the optimization during continuous adaptation. However, further research is required on the algorithms and hardware to reach the real-time computation requirement.


Investigation on large industry scale angular contact ball bearing (ACBB) found that not only skidding behavior but also over-skidding behavior can occur on bearing rolling elements. Over-skidding is a new kinematic feature of bearing components which indicates that the cage/rotor speed ratio exceeds the pure kinematically determined value, which is hardly discussed before. For the purpose of analyse the new kinematics feature. A comprehensive model called kinematic-Hertzian-thermo-hydro-dynamic (KH-THD) model that considered the bearing components kinematics, the bearing components Hertzian, the oil film hydro-dynamic lubrication, and the oil film thermal effects is introduced in this paper to simulate the over-skidding and skidding behaviors. The results of several numerical simulations will be shown in the paper to highlight the effect of the load. Due to skidding or over-skidding, the friction between rolling elements and raceways leads to a considerable temperature gradient within the bearing components.


Natural rubber, NR, is bio-based material that is generally used for foam preparation as it results in good softness and high resilience. Among many applications, NR foam/sponge is often used for shoe sole either insole or outsole. Likewise, rubber sponge is very important for healing Plantar Fasciitis as rubber sponge is soft, elastic and capable in impact absorption. NR is in fact non-biodegradable resulting in increasing of waste which is a hot issue at present. Huge interest has paid attention in using biodegradable polymer in various products and applications. Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate, PBAT, is one of many bioplastics that possesses biodegradability characteristic. It also shows excellent flexibility similar to elastomer. Many attempts have been focus on blending this polymer to improve toughness in brittle plastic. Our research is aimed to incorporate PBAT into NR and producing thermoplastic vulcanizate. NR/PBAT TPV foam is then produced using 4,4-'Oxybis-benzenesulfonyl hydrazide (OBSH) as a blowing agent. The ratios of NR/PBAT are varied as follow: 70/30 65/35 60/40 55/45 50/50 45/55. The polymer blends were mixed on a two-roll mill with the formulation of ZnO 3 phr, luperox 101 1 phr and OBSH 10 phr. Compression molding was used in order to prepare rubber sponge at 160 °C, 1500 psi. Cell size, cell size distribution, density and compression set of NR/PBAT foam were investigated.


Abstract Using a Berty-type CSTR reactor, Ji (2007. Kinetics and mechanism of oxygen delignification, Ph.D. thesis. The University of Maine) obtained oxygen delignification kinetics first order in lignin when neglecting the higher initial delignification phase. In the present study the same Berty/CSTR reactor with an improved temperature control was used to determine the oxygen delignification kinetics of Southern Pine kraft pulp, with the kinetics now corrected for lignin removed by oxygen-free alkaline leaching. This removes the initial high delignification rate peak so that the kinetics over the entire lignin range can be modelled as first order in "reactive" lignin, which is lignin corrected for a small amount of unreactive lignin. It suggests that softwood pulp oxygen delignification consists of two contributions; phenolic delignification and alkaline leaching. The initial alkaline leaching phase is mathematically described by semi-infinite alkaline diffusion of dissolved lignin trapped in the cell wall after pulp washing. For phenolic delignification, the reaction orders in alkali concentration and oxygen of the power law delignification equation are 0.3 and 0.44 respectively, while the activation energy is 63 kJ/mol. Taking into account the unreactive HexA, the small amount of unreactive lignin, and the lignin removed by alkaline leaching, the kappa number is well predicted by the new delignification kinetics.


With the increasing market share of retailer brands, many authors have paid considerable attention to retailer brands. Before market liberalisation in...


OBJECTIVE
To explore the clinical characteristics of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) and provide potential clues to the early diagnosis and treatment selection of MPLC patients.

METHODS
The clinical data of 21 patients with MPLC confirmed by postoperative histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS
All the 21 patients received surgery (pulmonary lobectomy or pulmonary wedge resection), and 49 intrapulmonary tumors were resected. The histopathological examination demonstrated that all the 21 cases were MPLC. Among the 21 patients, 10 had bilateral lesions in lung and 11 had unilateral lesions; 17 suffered synchronous and 4 suffered metachronous tumors; 14 had double two primary tumors, 6 had three primary tumors and 1 had four primary tumors. In these patients, 2 had various histological subtypes among their multiple lesions and 19 had same histological subtypes among their multiple tumors; 14 cases with stage I disease, stage II 2 cases, stage III 5 cases.

CONCLUSIONS
For the patients who were detected as MPLC by diagnostic imaging examination, more positive therapeutic decision, such as surgery, could be suggested. The molecular markers should be developed for assisting diagnosis of MPLC.


Objective To research the effect and mechanism of Refined Dahuang Zhechong Pill [Refined Rhubarb(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) and Ground Beetle(Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga) Pill,RDZP] on arterial thrombosis and observe the influence of titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound porous material on drug action.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomized into the normal group,model group,DZP group,RDZP group and porous material group,with 10 in each.The arterial thrombosis models were induced by ferric chloride in all groups except normal group.DZP,RDZP and RDZP processed by titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound porous material were given to the DZP group,RDZP group and porous material group respectively.Each administration group was given 1ml/100g of corresponding drug solution intragastrically based on body weight twice daily for one week.The normal group and model group were given the same volume of saline intragastrically.The pathological situation of carotid artery in rats was observed by microscope.The dry weight of thrombosis,platelet count,hemorheology,activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT) blood coagulation and the content of thromboxane B2(TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α) were recorded.Results The thrombosis could be seen in all modeling groups and the dry weight of thrombosis in the model group was the heaviest.Comparing with the model group,the dry weights of thrombosis were significantly reduced in the DZP group,RDZP group and porous material group(P0.05),especially in the porous material group(P0.05 or P0.01).Comparing with the normal group,the platelet count and TXB2 content were significantly increased and 6-keto-PGF1α content were significantly decreased in the model group(P0.05).Comparing with the model group,the platelet count and TXB2 content were significantly decreased and 6-keto-PGF1α content were significantly increased in the DZP group,RDZP group and porous material group(P0.05).Comparing with the DZP group and RDZP group,the platelet count and TXB2 content were significantly decreased in the porous material group(P0.05 or P0.01).Comparing with the normal group,the blood viscosity was significantly increased but APTTand PT were significantly shortened in the model group(P0.05).Comparing with the model group,the blood viscosity was significantly decreased but APTTand PT were significantly prolonged in the DZP group,RDZP group and porous material group(P0.05).Conclusion RDZP can obviously inhibit arterial thrombosis,improve blood rheology and prolong APTTand PT that may be relevant to increasing 6-keto-PGF1α content and decreasing TXB2 content.Titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound porous material can be applied in the separation and filtering of Chinese medicinal to improve efficacy.


In this paper we study the convergence of a multigrid method for the solution of a linear second‐order elliptic equation, discretized by discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods, and we give a detailed analysis of the convergence for different block‐relaxation strategies. To complement an earlier paper where higher‐order methods were studied, here we restrict ourselves to methods using piecewise linear approximations. It is well known that these methods are unstable if no additional interior penalty is applied.


BACKGROUND
Carbohydrate metabolism disturbances have long been considered the cause of civilisation diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, or cardiovascular diseases. Currently an increasing number of theses also link impaired glucose and/or insulin metabolism to neurodegenerative diseases, calling them neurometabolic diseases.

AIM OF THE STUDY
Aim of the study was to assess the cytotoxic influence of multicompound biological material (blood serum) from people with different carbohydrate metabolism disturbances to the viability of PC12 cell line.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Undifferentiated PC12 cell line were incubated for 48 hours in standard conditions with the addition of human serum from individuals with diffrent (low and high) levels of hyperglycaemia (LGL and HGL) and hyperinsulinaemia (LIL and HIL). The cytotoxicity was estimated by the MTT test, and the viability percentage (SP%) was calculated in relation to control samples (cells incubated only with RPMI).

RESULTS
The obtained results indicate cytotoxic activity and decreased viability of the PC12 cells after 48 hours of incubation with human serum with different degrees of hyperglycaemia and insulinaemia. Cell viability increased slightly with the increase in glucose level but decreased with the increase in insulin concentration in individual groups, but without statistical significance.

CONCLUSIONS
Blood serum, as multicompound biological material, influences negatively PC12 cell line but in a variety of ways. Increasing hyperinsulinaemia has a higher cytotoxic effect on the cells than hyperglycaemia, which probably results from the fact that it is compensated by other components of biological material; however, further studies are necessary to obtain more detailed characteristics of these processes.


ABSTRACT The main tailings impoundment at the Macraes mine was active for 23 years until it was decommissioned in 2013. Water compositions in the tailings complex were closely monitored for 20 years, providing a time series of compositional changes during the interaction between mine waters, sulphidic ore (pyrite and arsenopyrite) and greenschist facies schist host rocks. Most waters had circumneutral pH because of abundant (2–10%) calcite in host rocks. Relict Fe2+ caused a temporary pH decrease before re-neutralisation. Chlorite, albite and muscovite partially altered to kaolinite, smectites and illite. Dissolved sulphate reached as high as 8000 mg/L, but this was partially attenuated by the precipitation of gypsum in the tailings complex, while the alkalinity (as dissolved ) rose by three orders of magnitude in parallel with the increase in pH. Dissolved As decreased by six orders of magnitude, to < 0.01 mg/L, between the processing plant and the groundwater system below the tailings complex. Dissolved sulphate plumes emanate from tailings and waste rock piles, but are diluted downstream.


This article analyses critically one of the most influential views in pedagogical researches nowadays. This view has repercussion on a wide variety of pedagogical views (mainly, regarding the definition of a new model of teacher). The author focuses on delimitation and criticism of the epistemology in this kind of research. The idea is developed along these three steps: firstly, he points out the basic keystones in the inquiri-in-action; secondly, he analyses critically the epistemologycal aspects involved; and, finally, he draws the consequences regarding the problem of the education.


An epileptogenic cortical focus was induced by the topical application of cobalt powder to the sensori-motor cortex, then guanidino compounds in the cobalt focus were analysed by HPLC. An extraordinally high peak was observed in the epileptogenic focus 24 hours after the cobalt application. α-Guanidinoglutaric acid (GGA), which is synthesized from glutamic acid and S-methylisothiourea sulfate, was confirmed by GC/MS as a dimethylpyrimidyl derivative of GGA. An unknown substance was isolated from the cobalt focus and identified as GGA by the same GC/MS technique as in the case of an authentic sample. GGA was present in the normal cat cortex in amounts of 1n mol/g. GGA increased after cobalt application, and reached a maximum after 24 hours. The abnormal GGA recovered to the normal level about 40days after the application by which time the cobalt focus had disappeared. Other guanidino compounds, that is taurocyamine, guanidinosuccinic acid, guanidinoacetic acid, β-guanidinopropionic acid, creatinine, γ-guanidinobutyric acid, arginine, and methylguanidine, except for guanidine tended to decrease in the cobalt focus. Taurocyamine and α-guanidinobutyric acid were still decreased 40 days after the cobalt application. Spike and wave complex was induced after topical application of 0.2M GGA to the sensori-motor cortex, and a burst continued for one hour.


Understanding the atomic bonding properties at the interface between thin films is crucial to a number of key modern technical devices, including semiconductor integrated circuits, magnetic recording media, batteries, and even solar cells. Semiconducting materials such as titanium nitride (TiNx) are widely used in the manufacturing of modern electronic devices, requiring a wealth of information about its electronic structure. We present data from soft x-ray emission, soft x-ray absorption, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy experiments involving a sample consisting of a 40 nm TiN layer on top of an aluminum film 600 nm thick. Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy are tools that provide a nondestructive, atomic site-specific probe of the interface, where the electronic structure of the material can be mapped out element by element. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) measurements supply data on the elemental composition and depth profiling of the sample. From these measurements, we show that the Ti and the N diffuse into the Al film to form an equivalent material depth of about 4.5 nm, and the NEXAF structure reveals that the nitrogen has probably formed AlN, and the Ti has also diffused to form a titanium–aluminum compound.Understanding the atomic bonding properties at the interface between thin films is crucial to a number of key modern technical devices, including semiconductor integrated circuits, magnetic recording media, batteries, and even solar cells. Semiconducting materials such as titanium nitride (TiNx) are widely used in the manufacturing of modern electronic devices, requiring a wealth of information about its electronic structure. We present data from soft x-ray emission, soft x-ray absorption, and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy experiments involving a sample consisting of a 40 nm TiN layer on top of an aluminum film 600 nm thick. Soft x-ray emission spectroscopy and near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy are tools that provide a nondestructive, atomic site-specific probe of the interface, where the electronic structure of the material can be mapped out element by element. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) measurements supply data on the elemental composition and dep...


We have investigated the dielectric characteristics at microwave frequencies of perovskites with the formula (A1/21+·A1/23+)TiO3, (where A1+ represents an alkali metal from the lithium to potassium series and A3+ represents a member of the lanthanide series from lanthanum to lutetium). It was found for the first time that in the case of Li1+ substitution at the A1+ site, the larger the ionic radius of the element which substituted at the A3+ site, the higher the dielectric constant was and the greater the negative shift of the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency was. For the (1-x)(Li1/21+·Sm1/23+)TiO3-x(Na1/21+·Sm1/23+)TiO3 system at 3 GHz, high dielectric properties of εr=81, Q=2050 and τf=+17ppm/ °C were obtained when x=0.4.


Environmental law has only recently been thought of as a body of recognizable precepts. Upon further reflection it is apparent, however, that much of environmental law indeed a great majority of itis merely adaptation of time honored common law and statutory concepts by new, vigorous and testy plaintiffs concerned with the degradation of the American environment. Most disturbing, however, it is the considered observation of many conservation and environmental lawyers that the need for and sudden growth of environmental litigation reflects on the inaction, and worse the misapplication, of the law by government at all levels. It is our contention that if government agencies charged with administering existing law did their job, and if the attorneys general of the states and the United States rigorously enforced the plain letter of the law, environmental litigation would seldom involve, as it so often does now, the Sierra Club, the Environmental Defense Fund, the Wilderness Society, the Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference and like volunteer groups. These volunteer groups are poorly financed, but are nevertheless among the most litigous in the United States. Sierra Club is a typical example. Although initially a California organization it now has 100,000 members nationwide and is a major plaintiff or moving party in over thirty environmental suits and major agency actions across the United States. It has over 150 volunteer attorneys from its membership who are willing and anxious to participate in environmental litigation. It has sued, in 1969 and 1970, the United States Departments of Interior, Agriculture, Transportation and Defense. It has named as defendants numerous federal, state and local officials and has obtained injunctions against violations of the law and been granted mandamus to enforce the law.


The present invention is a new LED mounting structure for LED modules in lighting apparatus. Plural LED elements are attached to LED holders made of heat-conductive material at predetermined angles in LED modules such as for garden lights, indoor lights, or street lights. The LED elements are installed at predetermined locations on a PCB in the LED module, and heat generated from the LED elements is promptly vented through formed apertures. Thus, the structure easily secures light angle where-ever the apparatus is installed and improves heat-venting. The invention comprises the PCB, plural LED elements, heat-venting rings and LED holders. A circuit having predetermined patterns is formed on the surface of the PCB and the heat-venting holes of predetermined size are formed at every location where an LED element is placed. The LED elements are installed at predetermined locations on the PCB circuit and electrically connected in situ . The heat-venting rings are made of highly heat-conductive material, inserted into an inner plane of each heat-venting hole formed on the PCB, and emit heat generated from the LED elements to the exterior. Each LED holder is made of heat-conductive material and has an LED mounting unit on the upper plane thereof, wherein the LED mounting unit is inclined at a predetermined angle. In addition, the LED holder includes a coupling boss protruding from the center of the lower plane in the downside direction, wherein the coupling boss has a screw unit on the outer plane and allows insertion through a center unit of the heat-venting ring. Further, the LED holder is mounted to the upper plane of the heat-venting ring to transfer the heat generated from the LED elements to the heat-venting ring.


General Application Pattern analysis is appropriate to problems in several scientific fields, where the purposes are to classify objects into types and to differentiate two or more categories of objects in terms of types. The types are derived from patterns of responses. A pattern of responses is the responses given by a subject, any subject, to a group of situations, any situations, such as the items of a test. The pattern has scientific significance if it can be shown to be either reliable. or valid, or both.


Recently, the problem of quantum position-verification has been extensively analyzed in the formal notion but all existing ceremonial single-round position-verification schemes are insecure. We propose here a different notion for position-verification where distant verifiers determine the actions of the prover through quantum non-local correlations generated by local measurements at the provers' site: instead of sending challenge encoded over flying qubits, one of the verifiers teleports the challenge to the prover while prover is required to perform single qubit measurements as well as Bell state measurements and return the outcomes. It allows controlling the prover's actions and bound him/her to receive challenge from one of the verifiers, measure in known basis, teleport to another verifier, and return the measurement outcomes to all verifiers simultaneously. Here, no-signaling principle assures that any group of dishonest provers, not at the position to be verified, cannot simulate their actions with the prover who is supposed to be at the specified position. The scheme enables verifiers to trace the origin of


Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a remarkably adaptable organism which is able to survive and persist under a broad range of environmental conditions. The traditional views of bacterial growth phases usually come from standard laboratory cultures which can be different from natural conditions. In many natural environments, bacteria could maintain a long-term surviving status. To understand bacterial long-term survival, a luxCDABE-based random promoter library of P. aeruginosa was used to screen genes persistently expressed in the long-term culture of which 45 of such genes were identified. Among them, 13 genes encode different enzymes and are involved in different metabolic processes. Eight genes encode transcriptional regulators or two-component systems. In addition, a large portion of the identified genes encode hypothetical proteins with unknown function. Six of these unknown genes (PA1216, PA2827, PA0550, PA0256, PA0057 and PA4578) were selected and gene knockout mutants were constructed. All of these mutants exhibited reduced competitiveness than the wild-type PAO1 in the long-term competition assay, suggesting that these genes may play important roles for the long-term survival in P. aeruginosa.


Background: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) significantly improves hemodynamics and survival in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). However, there is...


Bioenergy crop plants that function as solar energy collectors and thermo-chemical energy storage systems are the basis for biological systems that are expected to contribute to renewable energy production, help stabilize the rising levels of green house gases (GHG), and mitigate the risk of global climate change (GCC). Wide genetic resource bases, especially of wild and semidomesticated perennial grasses and woody species of starch-, oil, and lingocellulose-producing plants, are available to select, breed, genetically-modify, and develop environmentally-friendly bioenergy crops. Plant species, with fast growth, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and low requirements for biological, chemical or physical pretreatments, are being evaluated as potential bioenergy crops. Currently, bioenergy systems based on traditional sources and first generation bioenergy crops, are not sustainable and their exploitation may contribute to environmental degradation. New genetic resources and technological breakthroughs are being employed to develop dedicated bioenergy crops (DECs) with better GHG profiles and with a suite of eco-physiological traits to maximize radiation interception, water- (WUE) and nutrient-use efficiencies (NUE), improved lingocellulosic accessibility to enzymatic degradation, and to confer environmental sustainability. Large-scale bioenergy crop plantations pose both opportunities and challenges, and will inevitably compete with food crops for land, water, nutrient resources and other inputs; whereas, biodiversity consequences of increased biofuel production will most likely result in habitat loss, increased and enhanced dispersion of invasive species, and pollution. Recent genetic modifications and breeding efforts of bioenergy crops aim at improving biomass yield, quality, and conversion efficiency. Improvements in composition and structure of bio-chemicals in bioenergy crops will enable the production of more energy per ton of biomass and will improve its caloric value, GHG profile, and GCC mitigation potential.


Objectives: The objective of the present study was to review the blood components acquisition patterns and practices of transfusion in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: An observational cross sectional retrospective study was conducted in the blood bank of Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Peshawar, for a period of six months. The requisition forms for blood components and details of patients acquiring blood products for transfusion recorded in HMC blood bank Blood components issue register were the sources of data. The data was analyzed using software SPSS version 20. Results: In the study period of six months a total 16025 blood components were transfused with an average of 2670 units per month. whole blood was the maximum blood product transfused and followed by RCC, platelets and FFPs are least utilized blood products. Among total patients 50 % were males while 50% were females. Pediatric units utilized maximum (21.2%) units followed by Gynae/Obs. (19.1%), Medical units demanded 16.7% , Accident and Emergency (A&E) unit  14.1%, surgical units  8.8% , intensive care unit (ICU) 6.8%, Orthopedic units consumed 3.3% , cardiology 3.1%, gastroenterology 2.6 %, oncology 2.4% and endocrinology consumed 1.5 %.


For C-and X-band applications, a direct conversion receiver has many advantages over other types of receivers. This receiver is flexible, highly integrated, cost-effective, and free of image signals. The core component of a direct conversion receiver is an IQ demodulator that can directly convert a RF signal to DC-centered complex baseband. This application report discusses when to choose a direct conversion type and why, what to consider when choosing an IQ demodulator, the performance of LMX8410L


The present invention is a technique related to a new animal feed additive that can provide organic acid salts of natural mineral extraction mineral ion effect in the body, absorption and utilization is excellent amino acid form and lactic acid bacteria at the same time. Feed additives provided herein is iron ore, light ylmethoxy, elvan, a natural mineral is selected from sericite 100 to 300 mesh (mesh) ground to a fine powder in the range, 15 to 30% by weight of inorganic powders in the 1-15% by weight and the remaining amount is then achieved a 100% by weight of water, stirred at 50-80 ℃ range 24-72 hours range, and filtered to obtain a water-soluble complex ions of mineral ml of the filtrate, the fermentation in the water-soluble complex ions of mineral 100 parts by weight in the amino acid solution is 1-15 parts by weight ratio and the temperature to 40-60 ℃ range from 0.5 to organic acid in the complex ion derived minerals and amino acid fermentation of a metal chelating reaction solution was reacted for 2 hours the range 1-15 wt. Obtained the input section ratio and dissolved therein 0.1 to 3 the nano-dispersion of sulfur powder and then stabilized by adding in to the parts by weight ratio of the nano-dispersion of sulfur in the sol solution, 100 parts by weight of feed material is selected from rice bran and wheat bran To a powder (powder) by crushing the can was dried in a dispersed nano-sulfur sol solution 5 to 30 parts by weight ratio and mixed with the mixture of the water content of 10 ± 3% of range and dried at 80-100 ℃ range solid obtained after drying a feed additive which provides the processing.