Background: Infertility, which is an inability to conceive after a prolonged time period, is a neglected domain of reproductive health. Infertility affects couples physically and psychologically and leads to discrimination and stigma in society, especially to women. Various sociodemographic, physiological, and environmental attributes and access to health care may interplay with the quality of life (QoL) of the women afflicted with infertility. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the QoL and its predictors among women diagnosed with infertility. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 247 women diagnosed with infertility and receiving treatment for at least 6 months at a gynecology outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata. Results: The mean (±standard deviation) score of total ferti-QoL was 65.76 (±11.15). Differential mean scores were observed in domains of ferti-QoL such as emotional (58.49 ± 12.75), body/mind (47.67 ± 16.14), relational (78.36 ± 15.51), social (60.71 ± 12.43), core (61.31 ± 12.71), environment (80.09 ± 10.77), tolerability (70.95 ± 11.97), and treatment (76.44 ± 10.36). Nearly half of them also reported abuse in terms of verbal (50.6%) and physical (6.9%). On multivariable analysis, unsatisfactory QoL was significantly associated with age above 32 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.76, confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–7.12), increasing duration of infertility (AOR = 1.46, CI = 1.17–1.82), and presence of chronic diseases (AOR = 2.21, CI = 1.01–4.83). Conclusion: There is, till date, no provision of management for women suffering from infertility in the Reproductive and Child Health Programme. The problem of infertility must be considered as a public health problem, and all policymakers, health administrators, and other stakeholders should come forward with exemplary guidelines specially targeted for providing relief to these affected women in every stratum of the health-care system.


Colonization of the oral mucosa by gram-negative organisms and/or fungi is theorized to be an etiologic factor in severe mucosal reactions in patients receiving radiation to treat head and neck cancers. Patients treated with altered fractionation schedules have high rates of confluent mucositis, which can be slow to heal and can on occasion disrupt the continuity of the radiation course, with possible detrimental effects on outcome. It has been proposed that antimicrobial agents directed at these organisms can alleviate the severity of the mucosal reactions. We studied the use of a suspension of polymyxin B and tobramycin in conjunction with a clotrimazole troche in patients receiving radiotherapy with altered fractionation schedules to the oropharynx or oral cavity. Thirty-seven patients were enrolled in the trial. Radiation doses ranged from 63 to 77 Gy over 5–7 weeks. The rate of confluent mucositis in the entire group was 84%. This was not significantly different (P > 0.1) from a rate of 85% seen in an historical control group of 79 patients treated with our concomitant boost regimen. Possible reasons for the apparent ineffectiveness of this antibacterial-antifungal regimen are discussed. Radiat Oncol Invest 1996;4:23–26. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Background Roadside surveys of the occurrence of alcohol among normal drivers have been performed both in Norway and in other countries. The Norwegian study i in 1982 included about 72,000 drivers and showed that about 0.2 % of the overall driving population was driving with a blood alcohol concentration above 0.5 g/kg. The occurrence of medicinal and illegal drugs among ordinary drivers have only been studied in a limited number of studies ii,iii,iv . Many of these studies had only a limited number of participating drivers and also the analytical programme was limited. Good survey data are needed for many reasons. They give a good indication of how frequent a combination of drug use and driving is in general among the driving population. Such data is mandatory for good planning of traffic safety programs. On world basis traffic accidents are one of the major causes to accidents in general and fatal accidents in special. Therefore, The World Health Organization (WHO) v has put prevention of traffic accidents as one of its main goals. Knowledge about drug use among both ordinary drivers and drivers involved in traffic accidents is needed to calculate the relative risk for cause of an accident. In recent years high quality methods to analyse drugs in saliva have been published. Saliva samples give a non-invasive access to biological samples with the possibility to analyse a high number of compounds in a small sample volume. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of alcohol, illegal drugs and psychoactive medicines among ordinary drivers. Methods About 10,000 randomly selected drivers were included during a 12-month period in the SouthEast part of Norway. The drivers were informed before they gave an informed consent to participate anonymously in the study. The saliva samples were analysed by LC/MS/MS vi for the use of morphine, heroin, codeine, methadone, buprenorphine, amphetamine, metamphetamine, MDMA, MDA, MDEA, cocaine, THC, LSD, diazepam, flunitrazepam, clonazepam, nitrazepam, oxazepam, alprazolam, lorazepam, bromazepam, phenazepam, zopiclone, zolpidem, carisoprodol, meprobamate and some metabolites. Alcohol was determined spectrophotometrically by using alcohol dehydrogenase vii . The data collection areas were selected by the Norwegian Institute of Transport Economics. At each data collection point the vehicles to be included in the project was randomly pulled up by the Central Mobile Police Force. After the police control was finished, the drivers were asked to participate in an anonymous volunteer road-side survey carried out by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.


Analyzes the operation control issues of flameproof hydraulic hoist.It points out that closed-loop computer control is the key to realize the automation of flameproof hydraulic hoist.Based on the technology of frequency-controlled hydraulic drive,presents a closed-loop feedback control system to solve these problems.It is a new method of the control of flameproof hydraulic hoist.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to separate drying strains into elastic, viscoelastic, and viscous strains using free shrinkage and recovery from the deformation of slices at stress relief. The apparent shrinkage deformation was obtained by measuring the change in width of drying specimens during drying. Using the slice method, elastic and viscoelastic deformation were defined as the instantaneous change in width of a slice right after cutting and the change in the width of a slice with constant moisture content during 48 h, respectively. Viscous deformation, permanent and nonrecoverable deformation of wood, was defined as the difference in deformation between free shrinkage and the sum of the apparent, elastic, and viscoelastic deformations. These elastic, viscoelastic, and viscous strains were applied to a viscoelastic model, and coefficients of viscoelasticity and viscosity were derived. The drying stress and deformation of red pine wood at specific times during the drying process can be predicted using each coefficients and modulus of elasticity obtained by experiment.


Oscillator-based Ising machines (OIMs) recently grow in interest. These OIMs can solve combinatorial optimization problems formulated as an Ising model. The computation principle is based on the interaction of configurable coupled oscillators, which represent discrete states of the optimization variables by their phase. In contrast to competing implementations like quantum computers or coherent Ising machines, OIMs are based on mature, well-established and therefore highly optimized silicon technologies. This silicon based approach allows close interaction with established electronics, avoiding sophisticated measurement electronics and delicate physical structures. Obtaining a good solution, especially for large problems, is one of the major challenges for the current integrated OIMs. The here proposed system serves as a versatile experimental platform to evaluate how the OIM computation is influenced and how it can be improved. Furthermore, the platform offers new OIM capabilities with up to 6-bit weighted optimization problems, 2 to 4 discrete states partially enabling the Potts model and fast phase readout.


In this paper, part of the Mt. Kenya forest with mixed vegetation biophysical characteristics was selected for grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) optimization and comparison based on semivariogram modeling from high spatial resolution QuickBird imagery. The results were applied to demonstrate the role of GLCM-textures in the estimation of Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) for: the dominant afromontane (camphor) trees, tea, young and old planted pine trees from QuickBird imagery. The texture optimization results were compared and combined with spectral (near-infrared) information for AGB estimation. To quantify the significance of GLCM-textures in AGB estimation, regressions between the field-AGB estimates and estimates from the NIR band and the tested GLCM-textures as independent variables, and their integration as dependent variables were compared. As independent variables, NIR and variance-texture bands gave the best results for the dominant camphor trees, with accuracies of 72% and 67.34% respectively. Variance and mean textures gave the best results upon combination with NIR, showing an improvement of 4.33% and 4.82% respectively over the NIR estimates. For tea, the combination of NIR with homogeneity, entropy and second moment textures gave the best and equal results (R2 = 0.684). For the young pine trees, correlation texture gave the overall best results (R2 = 0.741), and for the older pine trees, contrast texture gave the best results (R2 = 0.753) as independent variables. We conclude that the role of texture type and optimal window in AGB estimation depends on the: size (height), age, species, inherent spatial structure (natural or planted) and crown size of the vegetation species.


Although radiation therapy (RT) can be very beneficial in a number of cutaneous malignancies, it tends to be a relatively underutilized therapy for a number of reasons. The hesitancy on the part of dermatologists to recommend RT is driven by a number of issues. First and foremost is perception inherent in dermatology training programs. All dermatologists in training encounter patients harmed by the historic overutilization of RT in the past, both by dermatologists themselves and radiation oncologists for non-malignant inflammatory diseases such as eczema, acne, and even fungal infections. Many patients treated in their youth with Grenz rays by dermatologists have gone on to develop multiple cutaneous malignancies later in life. As the role of ultraviolet light in carcinogenesis has come into focus, it can be intellectually awkward for dermatologists to discourage patients from excessive exposure to ultraviolet light and then recommend radiation therapy, especially in the younger population due to perceptions of the consequential increased risk for the latent development of further skin cancers. Dermatologists may focus too much on the carcinogenic consequences of RT (which are statistically quite modest) at the expense of the therapeutic benefits of RT. Another perceptual issue is radiated sites can be characterized by atrophy and telangiectasia which are cosmetically undesirable. Finally, familiarity with standard treatments within the bailiwick of dermatology training (excisional and Mohs micrographic surgery, laser surgery, cryosurgery, curettage and electrodessication, and medical therapies such as topical 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod cream to name a few), are naturally going to be considered first by a dermatologist who is well-versed in these therapies but is relatively unfamiliar with state of the art approaches currently utilized by radiation oncologists.


Translation lexicons are vital in machine translati on and cross-language information retrieval. The hi gh cost of lexicon development and maintenance is a major entry barrier for adding new languages pairs. The integration of automatic bu lding of bilingual lexicons has the potential to improve not only cost-efficien y but also accuracy. Word alignment techniques are gen rally used to build bilingual lexicons. We present in this paper a hybrid approac h to align simple and complex words (compound words and idiomatic expressions) from a parallel corpus. This approach combines ling uistic and statistical methods in order to improve word alignment results. The linguistic improvements taken into account refer to the use of an existing bilingual lexicon, named en titi s detection and the use of grammatical tags and syntactic dependency relations between words. The word aligner has been evaluated on the MD corpus of the ARCADE II project which is composed of the same subs et of sentences in Arabic and French. Arabic senten ces are aligned to their French counterparts. Experimental results show that this approach achieves a significant improvement o f the bilingual lexicon with simple and complex words.


Abstract Although two languages in contact may contain similar structures, superficial structural similarities may abscond important differences. The comparative method critically determines whether the languages differ in relative rates of variant use, the significance of independent variables, constraint rankings, and ordering within factor groups (Poplack & Tagliamonte 2001). The study explored intensifier (i.e., degree modifier) variation between Spanish muy and bien and Catalan molt and ben "very", as based on 84 sets of responses from bilinguals on a 24-item contextualized preference task (40 in Catalan, 44 in Spanish). Results indicated significantly higher selection of muy in Spanish than molt in Catalan. Moreover, independent variables played a greater role in Spanish, with adjective quality, animacy, and verb type all predicting intensifier selection, whereas in Catalan only adjective quality was predictive. The study provided the first variationist analysis of Catalan intensification, while also revealing key systemic differences between the two languages despite surface similarities.


To characterize the temporal evolution of ultrashort X-ray pulses emitted by laser plasmas using a pump-probe method, a magnetic bottle time-of-flight electron spectrometer is constructed. The design is determined by numerical calculations of a mirror magnetic field and of the electron trajectory in a flight tube. The performance of the spectrometer is characterized by measuring the electron spectra of xenon atoms irradiated with a laser-driven plasma X-ray pulse. In addition, two-color above-threshold ionization (ATI) experiment is conducted for measurement of the X-ray laser pulse duration, in which xenon atoms are simultaneously irradiated with an X-ray laser pump and an IR laser probe. The correlation in the intensity of the sideband spectra of the 4d inner-shell photoelectrons and in the time delay of the two laser pulses yields an X-ray pulse width of 5.7 ps, in good agreement with the value obtained using an X-ray streak camera.


This article provides an overview of a unique way to respond to the complex oral health needs of people with a mental illness. People with a psychiatric disability, especially those of low income and insecure housing, are at high risk of developing oral disease, due to issues associated with mental illness, poverty and the side-effects of psychotropic medication. The 'Dental as Anything' program is a collaborative partnership between the mental health, dental and administration teams of the Inner South Community Health Service (ISCHS) in Melbourne. It provides a flexible program incorporating engagement, clinical care, education and support in response to client needs. Utilising a health promotion framework and an assertive outreach model, it accesses people who traditionally do not approach mainstream services. The program manages to "reach the unreachable".


Background:  1p36 deletion syndrome is one of the most common subtelomeric deletion syndromes, characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation, characteristic facial appearance, hypotonia, obesity, and seizures. The clinical features often overlap with those of Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). To elucidate the phenotype–genotype correlation in 1p36 deletion syndrome, two cases involving a PWS‐like phenotype were analyzed on molecular cytogenetics.


— Microwave dielectric ceramic materials of (Mg 1- x Ni x ) 2 (Ti 0.95 Sn 0.05 )O 4 for x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09 were prepared and sintered at 1250–1400 ºC. The microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of the ceramic materials were examined and measured. The observations shows that the content of Ni 2+ ions has little effect on the crystal structure, dielectric constant, temperature coefficient of resonant frequency ( τ f ) and sintering temperatures of the ceramics. However, the quality values ( Q × f ) are greatly improved due to the addition of Ni 2+ ions. The present study showed that the ceramic material prepared for x = 0.05 and sintered at 1325ºC had the best Q × f value of 392,000 GHz, about 23% improvement compared with that of Mg 2 (Ti 0.95 Sn 0.05 )O 4 .


Aims:  Virgibacillus sp. SK37 isolated from Thai fish sauce produced numerous NaCl‐activated subtilisin‐like proteinases. Our objectives were to purify, characterize and identify these extracellular proteinases.


On the base of Tambov State University named after G.R. Derzhavin since 2003 we investigate the methodics of preparation of specialists of adaptive physical culture to holding the swimming studies with deaf children. As you study the practical experience of teaching the discipline "Swimming" in our region and the whole of Russia, as well as literature review we determined that the method of training in adaptive physical education to conduct swimming lessons with deaf children needs to be further developed and improved since the methodology questions of training in adaptive physical education are poorly investigated and dealt with in scientific and methodological literature. The approaches to study the organization of classes, the use of methods and instructional techniques for teaching deaf children to swim are not fully developed. The content of production, teaching and learning practices require completion. Methodical features of elementary swimming education of 6-7 years old deaf children and test items to assess the level of swimming skills of deaf children at initial learning to swim are insufficiently studied. Evaluation criteria of knowledge and skills of professional training in adaptive physical education to conduct swimming lessons with deaf children are scarcely explored.


Summary

In a comparative histopathological investigation, Poyo and Gros Michel cul-tivars of Musa acuminata (AAA triploid) were inoculated with Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus multicinctus or Hoplolaimus pararobustus and were grown in a greenhouse under tropical conditions. R. similis infected all the cortical parenchyma layers of the roots, reaching the vascular cylinder, but it stayed more superficial in Gros Michel roots. Red-brown cytoplasmic globules appeared in the cortical parenchyma cells of Gros Michel only. H. multicinctus infected much of the outer cortical parenchyma in roots of both cultivars with a few phenolic cells occurring around the superficial lesions. H. pararobustus penetrated only the immediate sub-epidermal tissues in both cultivars. The differences observed between nematodes and cultivars reflect specific host-nematode interactions on bananas.


Whether higher production of glucocorticoids (GCs) within the physiological range may already be affecting bone status in healthy children is unknown. Because dietary protein intake affects both bone and GCs, we examined the association of urinary measures of glucocorticoid status and cortical bone in healthy non‐obese children, after particularly controlling for protein intake. Proximal forearm bone parameters were measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Subjects studied (n = 175, 87 males, aged 6 to 18 years) had two 24‐hour urine samples collected: the first sample at 1 year before bone measurement, and the second sample at the time of bone measurement. Major urinary GC metabolites were measured by mass spectrometry and summed to assess daily adrenal GC secretion (∑C21). Urinary free cortisol (UFF) and cortisone (UFE) were summed to assess potentially bioactive free GCs (UFF + UFE). After controlling for several covariates and especially urinary nitrogen (the biomarker of protein intake) cortisol secretion ∑C21 was inversely associated with all analyzed pQCT measures of bone quality. ∑C21 also predicted a higher endosteal and lower periosteal circumference, explaining both a smaller cortical area and (together with lower BMD) a lower strength‐strain‐index (SSI). UFF + UFE, UFE itself, and a urinary metabolite‐estimate of 11beta‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type1 (11beta‐HSD1) activity showed corresponding reciprocal associations (p < 0.05) with BMD and bone mineral content, but not with SSI and bone geometry variables. In conclusion, higher GC levels, even within the physiological range, appear to exert negative influences on bone modeling and remodeling already during growth. Our physiological data also suggest a relevant role of cortisone as the direct source for intracrine‐generated cortisol by bone cell 11beta‐HSD1. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


This research aimed to assess the impact of five major indicators of institutional and governance quality on economic performance in 12 African and Asian countries . These indicators include rule of law, political stability, government effectiveness, government regulatory quality, and corruption control indicator, all taken from the World Bank database on Worldwide Governance Indicators. The study employs annual panel data cross-section analysis using a structural equation model, for the sample period 2012 - 2017. The share of the agriculture sector as a ratio of GDP for each country used as a dependent variable, and the five institutional and governance quality indicators as explanatory variables. Our finding shows the rule of law indicator has a significant impact on the other four indicators. That is to say, improvement in the rule of law induces less corruption, improvement in government effectiveness, improvement in regulatory quality, and improvement in political stability. Also, our finding indicates a one-unit decrease in corruption, increase economic growth by 0.17 units, and one-unit improvement in government effectiveness enhance economic growth by 0.15 units. The findings of the paper also indicate if the group of the countries in the sample, able to improve their institutional and governance quality to a non-negative zero scores level, they can sustain an economic growth rate of 8% on average per year.


ABSTRACT This article utilizes data from a clinical sample of 512 youth to examine whether various problematic Internet experiences are distinctly different from or extensions of the conventional adolescent mental and behavioral health problems seen by clinicians. A Two-step Cluster Analysis identified four mutually exclusive groups of youth, those with: (a) online victimization; (b) inappropriate sexual behavior online; (c) online isolation; and (d) online and offline problems. Results suggest support for the idea that problematic Internet experiences are often extensions of experiences and behaviors that clinicians were working with prior to the advent of the Internet. However, the Internet may be introducing something qualitatively or quantitatively new, such as an increased severity, an increased frequency, or some unique dynamic that requires new responses or interventions.


Immune recognition of endothelial cells (ECs) has been implicated in a number of vascular diseases. Although ECs have been shown to stimulate T lymphocytes in vitro, these conditions were not physiological, and it remained unclear what occurred in vivo. Antigen presentation by ECs in vivo was tested using transgenic mice that express a protein antigen (ß-galactosidase, ß-gal) exclusively in their ECs. This transgenic approach avoided potentially inflammatory manipulations. Transgenic mice responded to immunization with the antigen (protein or DNA) with strong B and T cell-mediated immunity. No effects of the immune response on the vessels in vivo could be detected, and ECs continued to express ß-gal. Skin grafts from transgenic mice onto nontransgenic mice suffered a type of vascular rejection, strongly suggesting that specific lymphocytes in hosts recognize and respond against ß-gal+ ECs in the skin grafts. However, heart transplants containing ß-gal+ ECs were accepted indefinitely by nontransgenic hosts. Moreover, skin grafts with ß-gal+ ECs were accepted onto hosts with hearts containing ß-gal+ ECs, suggesting that the immune system had recognized and learned to tolerate the heart ECs. The implications for transplantation and persistent infection are discussed.


The property right is one of the basic human rights that citizens are expected to have. The constitutional protection of civil property rights is the fundamental requirement of a modern country under the rule of law. Within the whole world,the constitutional protection of civil property rights has undergone a change from a comparative stage to an absolute one.In our country, we followed the road with difficulty.However,the system of property rights in the constitution will develop and come to a new stage after the objectives of building a well\|off society in an all\|round way are set.


A panel data set for six Central and Eastern European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) is used to estimate the monetary exchange rate model with panel cointegration methods, including the Pooled Mean Group estimator, the Fully Modified Least Square estimator and the Dynamic Least Square estimator. The monetary model is able to convincingly explain the long-run dynamics of exchange rates in CEECs, particularly when this is supplemented by a Balassa-Samuelson effect. We then use our long-run monetary estimates to compute equilibrium exchange rates. Finally, we discuss the implications for the accession of selected countries to the European Economic and Monetary Union. Sutela. We acknowledge statistical support by Liisa Sipola, Andreas Nader, and Maria Dienst. We acknowledge language advice by Irene Mühldorf. The views expressed in this contribution are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the position of the Oesterreichische Nationalbank.


Objective To observe the effects of GABA on proliferation, cell cycle and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. Methods The effects of different concentration of GABA (0 - 320 μmol/L) on proliferation and cell cycle of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results GABA could promote the proliferation of SW1990 cells and influence the distribution of cell cycle, which made less cells of G0/Gl phase and more cells of S and G2/M phase. The value of A570 after GABA pretreatment at a dose of 320 p, mol/L was 1.11 ± 0.03, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.56 ± 0.01, P 〈 0.01 ), the cells of Go/Gl phase was (46.18 ± 1.12 ) %, which was significantly lower than (87.29 ± 1.34) % in the control group (P 〈 0.01 ) ;the expressions of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and their proteins were 8.6, 6.8, 10.5, 8.4, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the groups of the doses of 0 - 40 μmol/L ( P 〈 0. 05 ). Conclusions GABA could influence the proliferation and expression of MMP of SW1990 cells.

Key words:
Pancreatic neoplasms ;  Gamma-aminobutyric acid ;  Cell proliferation ;  Apoptosis ; Matrix metalloproteinases


The crisis has impacted on the economic, social and environmental dimensions of urban life, with significant implications for the present and future quality of life in Europe's cities. Cities are seen as 'productive engines' of economic growth and so, the impact of the crisis and cities' response to it have important consequences at the European, national, as well as local policy level. This briefing considers how the crisis has impacted on different European cities; how well-placed different cities were to cope and their different responses to the crisis.


In addition to improving glycaemic control, insulin can aggravate neuropathic pain in diabetic patients post-treatment initiation. This pain is generally difficult to suppress by analgesics and responds only to removal of insulin treatment. The condition initially termed 'insulin neuritis' is now referred to as 'treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy' (TIDN) (Hwang & Davies, 2016). TIDN is largely believed to be due to neuronal damage in diabetic conditions, but several clinical reports collectively indicate that the pathophysiology could be the result of sensitization of neuronal nociceptors by insulin. The identity of the nociceptors involved has remained elusive, and direct experimental evidence for insulin-mediated functional activation/sensitization of these nociceptors has been lacking. In a recent issue of The Journal of Physiology, Hotta et al. (2019) provide experimental evidence that insulin potentiates mechanical stimuli-induced currents in sensory neurons to lower activation thresholds. Whole-cell patch clamp recording of isolated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons revealed that brief treatment with 500 mU/mL of insulin for 5 min induced much larger inwards


We have computed a three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation of the merger between a massive ($0.4\,M_\odot$) helium white dwarf (He WD) and a low-mass ($0.6\,M_\odot$) carbon-oxygen white dwarf (CO WD). Despite the low mass of the primary, the merger triggers a thermonuclear explosion as a result of a double detonation, producing a faint transient and leaving no remnant behind. This type of event could also take place during common-envelope mergers whenever the companion is a CO WD and the core of the giant star has a sufficiently large He mass. The spectra show strong Ca lines throughout the first few weeks after the explosion. The explosion only yields $<0.01\,M_\odot$ of $^{56}$Ni, resulting in a low-luminosity SN Ia-like lightcurve that resembles the Ca-rich transients within this broad class of objects, with a peak magnitude of $M_\mathrm{bol} \approx -15.7\,$mag and a rather slow decline rate of $\Delta m_{15}^\mathrm{bol}\approx 1.5\,$mag. Both, its lightcurve-shape and spectral appearance, resemble the appearance of Ca-rich transients, suggesting such mergers as a possible progenitor scenario for this class of events.


The importance of condition surveys of geological collections is widely ac knowledged. At the National Museum of Wales a condition survey form has been devised to facilitate this task. The form lists ten parameters that are scored from a master scoring guide. The results, in a format easily entered into a database, show the current state of the collections and provide a baseline against which future deterioration will be measured. A major, museum-wide, multidisciplinary conservation project was initiated at the National Museum of Wales in October 1989. This was in response to general staff concern that in the past insufficient resources had been allocated the routine care of some of the museum's collections and that as a consequence a backlog of work had developed potentially placing in jeopardy the survival of certain parts of the collections. As part of this project a dedicated geological conservator was appointed on an initial two year contract, the first such appointment at a national museum in Britain outside the Natural History Museum, London. The first major task the conservator undertook was a condition survey of the collections assessing their present conservation state and future needs. The importance of such a condition survey of geological collections has been stressed recently (Knell and Taylor, 1989). The geological collections at the National Museum of Wales are divided into three major categories: palaeontological, mineralogical and petrological. The last group was not included in the initial survey because the collection was undergoing reorganization and the conservator and curatorial staff felt that a survey need not be carried out until this process was complete. Due to its scientific importance the entire type and figured fossil collection, of approximately 2,500 specimens, was surveyed. The condition survey had to be comprehensive and conducted within the time limit of the conservator's contract. Given the size of the collections at the National Museum of Wales (approximately 500,000 palaeontological and 30,000 mineral ogical specimens) only a representative sample could be surveyed in this period. The palaeontological collection is arranged in stratigraphic al order and then sub divided taxonomically. The mineralogical collection is ordered by the chemical system of Hey (1975). All registered specimens in the National Museum of Wales palaeontological and mineralogical collections have documentation. The sampling method used was to examine one specimen in the front left corner of each drawer of the surveyed collections. This way most groups were sampled and large groups containing many specimens spread over more than one drawer were sampled several times. The conservation aspects of the palaeontological and mineralogical stores were


The continuous growth of the vehicles number, together with associated problems encountered in transportation systems have driven significant developments in the framework of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). Recently, an advanced solution Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is proposed, seen as a part of Future Internet and specifically of Internet of Things (IoT), aiming to offer novel advanced commercial and technical capabilities. IoV will integrate the previous Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) and also functionalities already developed in ITS. However, the architectural aspects of the IoV are still open research issues. This paper attempts a comparative critical study of several functional architectures proposed for IoV, including recent ones based on Cloud/Fog computing and Software defined networking (SDN) control.


Integrated Crop Management is a major technology component and an adaptive option that can be adapted to local agroecological conditions. This study aims to determine the level of application of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) technology and the obstacles faced by farmers in the application of ICM technology. This research was conducted in August - September 2020, which was located in Oepuah Utara Village, Biboki Moenleu District, North Central Timor Regency, while the method used to see the success rate of ICM technology application was using scoring. The results of the research on the level of application of ICM technology are; low with a percentage of 55%. There are still obstacles to be faced (a) The technical application of the jajar legowo plant system with the jajar legowo 2:1 and 4:1 technique has not been able to be implemented by farmers because many use the jajar legowo 8:1 and 10:1 technique. (b) planting seeds 1 to 3 per clump cannot be carried out optimally because there are still attacks by the golden snail, so farmers are still doing a lot of planting. (c) fertilizing should be 3 times per planting season, farmers cannot do it because they do not use basic fertilizers. (d). pest control using chemical drugs because farmers do not observe pests and clean by hand.


DENG Xiao ping's theory embodies six respects: a nation of democracy, law as authority, ideas of ruling by law, principles of ruling by law, fair judicature and restraint of power.


Edible vegetable oils are an important part of the human diet. Products with different levels of processing are marketed for this purpose. Key-products are virgin oils, refined oils, and partly or fully hydrogenated oils. In this study we explored whether compounds derived from trans-phytol, i.e. the natural constituent of chlorophyll, could serve as marker compounds for identifying the processing type of oils, spreads and margarines. The evaluation was based on the contribution of the native trans-phytol along with its transformation products cis- and iso-phytol as well as dihydrophytol. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry operated in the selected ion monitoring mode enabled the detection of these compounds at >0.01 mg/100 g oil or fat. In virgin vegetable oils trans-phytol was the principle phytol related compound while cis-phytol was generally <0.05% and iso-phytol and dihydrophytol were not detected at all. Refined vegetable oils contained trans-, cis-, and iso-phytol but no dihydrophytol. Partly and totally hydrogenated vegetable oils contained dihydrophytol if at least 5% hydrogenated fat were present in the oil. The occurrence of cis- and iso-phytol in vegetable oils can be used as indicators for refined oils while the presence of dihydrophytol in vegetable oils is an indication for hydrogenation.

Practical applications: The analysis of trans-phytol, cis-phytol, iso-phytol, and dihydrophytol can be used in food control for oil authentication. In this context iso-phytol can serve as an additional marker for refined vegetable oils and dihydrophytol as a marker for hydrogenated vegetable oils.

Native vegetable oils are containing trans-phytol in the unsaponifiable matter. During the refining of vegetable oils measurable amounts of cis-phytol and iso-phytol are formed from trans-phytol. In addition, hydrogenation of oils leads to formation of dihydrophytol from trans-phytol and cis-phytol, and these four compounds can be used to authenticate different qualities of vegetable oils.


Now it is very important to study natural and economic indicators which define the compliance of land use to the planned placement which isn't leading to exhaustion of landscapes. As a result of such researches land resources by efficiency of their use and, as a result, zoning of the territory that will lead to a sustainable development of agricultural production of the territory and establishment of land use, effective and safe for environment, will be systematized.


The present work addresses the powder bed binder jet 3D printing as an additive manufacturing process for cement-based materials in the constructions industry. Features are created through the interaction among the droplets of the liquid binding agent and the layered powder bed. The printhead movement over the powder bed at a given feed rate forms voxels and single-lines from the coalesce of successive droplets and adjacent lines are consolidated to create the designed cross-section. Here, statistical models have been developed to study the effect of printing parameters (aggregate particle size, feed rate, velocity of powder spread, pressure of the fluid and nozzle diameter) on the resultant dimension of a single printed line, using a factorial design of experiment. The hardware of the 3D printer, the physical properties of the powder blend and binder are initial constraints for designing voxels. Linear regression models of significant parameters are presented. Pressure is one of the most significant factors, it has a profound effect on the granule formation mechanism. Cubic samples printed with higher pressure level are characterized by higher residual porosities from crater channels during the printing process. The results demonstrate a fundamental understanding of the binder–powder interaction for cementitious materials which can be leveraged to determine the minimum printable feature with required dimensional accuracy, based on the chosen process parameters.


This study coupled the ensemble learning method with residual error (RE) correction to propose a more accurate hydrologic model for the time-series prediction of the reservoir inflow. To enhance the prediction capability of the model in mountain catchment, three deep learning (DL) models, namely the encoder–decoder gated recurrent units (ED-GRU), encoder–decoder long short-term memory network (ED-LSTM), and combined convolutional neural network with LSTM (CNN-LSTM), were deployed to train reservoir inflow prediction model for the lead times of 1–24 h. The prediction outputs from three DL models were then incorporated into the categorical gradient boosting regression (CGBR) model to resolve the highly non-linear relationship between model inputs and outputs. In the final procedure, the RE correction method was implemented by using the outcomes of the CGBR model to construct the proposed hybrid model. The proposed model was applied to simulate the hourly inflow in the Shihmen and Feitsui Reservoirs. The proposed model achieved improved performance by an average proportion of 66.2% compared to the three DL models. It is demonstrated that the proposed model is accurate in predicting the reservoir peak and total inflows and also performs well for storm events with multi-peak hydrographs.


Nowadays, the production model of many enterprises is multi-variety customized production, and the makespan and total tardiness are the main metrics for enterprises to make production plans. This requires us to develop a more effective production plan promptly with limited resources. Previous research focuses on dispatching rules and algorithms, but the application of the knowledge mining method for multi-variety products is limited. In this paper, a hybrid machine learning and population knowledge mining method to minimize makespan and total tardiness for multi-variety products is proposed. First, through offline machine learning and data mining, attributes of operations are selected to mine the initial population knowledge. Second, an addition–deletion sorting method (ADSM) is proposed to reprioritize operations and then form the rule-based initial population. Finally, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) hybrid with simulated annealing is used to obtain the Pareto solutions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, three other types of initial populations were considered under different iterations and population sizes. The experimental results demonstrate that the new approach has a good performance in solving the multi-variety production planning problems, whether it is the function value or the performance metric of the acquired Pareto solutions.


Bali, as one of the world's tourism destination, located separately from other islands in Indonesia. Many tourists travel to Bali by airplane, and I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport is the only international airport that serves as the main gate to Bali. There are situations in which the airport's runway often has to deal with an extensive queue for both landing and departure, which results in flight delays. Flight delays have caused some problems such as ruin airlines reputation and decline demand by passangers. The aim of the research is to analyze the efficiency of I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport's runway so the airport service can be optimized using queueing theory. In this research, there were four categories used: the high season in July 2018, the special event Annual Meeting International Monetary Fund-World Bank in October 2018, the low season in February 2019, and the overall data. In this research, it was found that the model used in this airport's runway is (M/G/I):(FIFO/?/?). This model is not in a steady-state condition, with the level of bustle approximately around 177% until 191%. Therefore, an additional runway is recommended and also the runway service needs to be accelerated for optimal condition.


Among the phytonematodes Pratylenchus brachyurus , is becoming a major concern for producers due to reduction in soybean yield. Thus, there was the effect of biological nematicide and fungicide; applied to seeds (individually or associated), performance of soybean in commercial area infested with P. brachyurous . The treatments were: T1- No control; T2- Grafinat Plus ( Paecilomyces sp. + Arthrobotrys sp. + Trichoderma sp.), Biological nematicide; T3- Cropstar FS; T4- Avicta Complete; T5- Standak® Top; T6- Plus Grafinat + Cropstar FC; T7- Grafinat-Plus + Avicta Complete and T8- Grafinat Plus + Top Standak®. The results obtained showed that there was no statistical difference between treatments in plant stand, height (cm) of plants at 20, 40 and 60 days after emergence, the stem diameter (mm), the number of pods and seeds per plant, the weight of 1000 grains (g) and density. However, the application of Standak Top® (individually) and Complete Avicta in association with Grafinat Plus increased height (cm) of first pod in the plant, facilitating at harvest by reducing the grain loss. But, the greatest productivity gains (bags ha - ¹) were obtained by applying Standak ® Top and Full Avicta (applied individually).


This paper introduces the design and analyses of a new planar parallel microstrip quarter-circled multi-resonator (PQMR) for the chipless radio frequency identification (CRFID) that works in ultra-wide band (UWB) frequency region. The proposed PQMR has identifying (IDing) and potential sensing capabilities to work as a tag-sensor. The PQMR works within 3.30 GHz – 6.53 GHz with a high -10dB quality-factor (Q10dB) of 692, a good spatial density of as low as 7.05 mm2/bit, very good spectral density of 7.33 bits/GHz and a coding capacity of 17 bit with one-bit sensing ability. Different combinations of coding bit streams are also extracted to show the identification ability of the proposed design. This will motivate the CRFID designers to design small and high-capacity tag- sensors for UWB applications.


Introduction: Pre-eclampsia (PE) represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in mother, fetus and infant in many parts of the world. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of behavioral, sociodemographic and clinical conditions as risk factors of PE among pregnant mothers and to define the impact of PE on health of the fetuses and neonates. Subjects and methods: A case-control, hospital based study design was used. All cases and controls were interviewed and examined; clinically and laboratory. Results: Multiple gestations, rural residence, mothers married more than once, inter pregnancies' interval <3 years, primi-gravida, low social level and maternal age group 26-30 years were significant socio-demographic and personal risk factors (OR=9.79, 4.16, 4.0, 2.73, 2.16, 2.16 and 1.98, respectively). Further, much salty diet intake, no adequate fresh fruits/vegetables and much fat were significant dietary risk factors (OR=1.99, 1.85 and 1.83, respectively). Also; urinary tract infection, vaginal infection/vaginosis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, polyhydraminos, diabetes and stress were significant medical and obstetric/gynecologic risk factors (OR=5.59, 4.41, 3.62, 3.59, 3.35 and 2.98, respectively). Fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, neonate birth weight <2.5 kg and neonate intensive care admission were more common in pre-eclamptic mothers compared to controls with statistically significant differences (P=0.00, 0.04, 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). The mean of 1and 5-minutes Apgar scores were significantly lower in newborns of pre-eclamptic mothers compared to controls (P=0.00 for each of them). Also, the mean Hb level was significantly lower in newborns of PE cases compared to controls (P=0.00). Recommendations: Improving ante-natal care for pregnant mothers in Egypt. Population based studies are needed in different areas in Egypt and on large numbers of mothers to understand the full epidemiology of pre-eclampsia. [Essam A. El-Moselhy; Hamed O. Khalifa; Soliman M. Amer; Khadra I. Mohammad and Hani M. Abd El-Aal, Risk Factors and Impacts of Pre-Eclampsia: An Epidemiological Study among Pregnant Mothers in Cairo, Egypt. Journal of American Science 2011;7 (5):311-323]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.


Emission intensity of the main pollutants could indicate the relationship between economic development and environmental load in certain regions. We collected emission data of 6 main pollutants for different provinces in 2012, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, industrial dust and industrial solid waste. And by employing analytic hierarchy weighting method, we evaluated the contamination effect for the provinces, which shows significant regional difference among provinces. Specifically, developed areas such as provinces in the eastern China have lower emission intensity while the western provinces have relatively higher emission intensity. Through a comparison to the case study in 2005 and 2012, the achievements and existing problems of pollutants emission control were clearly stated. Based on the analysis, we suggest that varies practical pollution control strategies should be adopted in different provinces, according to their pollution characteristic differences in aspects such as geography, industry, economy and so on.


This article presents the results of improving the land ameliorative condition of lands as a result of growing phytoameliorating plants as a secondary crop in conditions of water shortage. There is a scientific research aimed at saving water resources used for salt washing. White sorghum (Sorghum Vulganell pers) and mung bean (Phaselus aureus Piper) were planted as phytoameliorating crops and compared with uncultivated fields. During the experiments, when the effect of phytoameliorating crops on the number of chlorine ions contained in the soil was studied, initially, at the beginning of the vegetation period, the number of chlorine ions in the soil tillage layer (0–30 cm) increased by 0.015%. At the end of the experiments, the number of chlorine ions in the tillage layer (0–100 cm) was 0.012%. Chlorine ion content in the sorghum (Sorghum Vulganell pers) was 0.033% in the driving layer (0–30 cm) and 0.029% in the 0–100 cm layer, while chlorine ion content in the soil was 0.036 and 0.032% in the moss (Phaselus aureus Piper). In addition, the highest saline leaching rate in the experimental field was 5383 cbm/ha in the plowed field. And the seasonal salinity leaching rate was 2380 cbm/ha when sowing white corn (Sorghum Vulganell pers) as a phytoameliorant, and when sowing moss (Phaselus aureus Piper), 3403 cbm/ha. This is 37–56% less than the control or 1980–3003 cbm/ha.


The optical properties of catalyst-free GaAs nanowires (NWs) grown on a (111)Si substrate were investigated by low-temperature photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL) techniques. Although the bandgap energy (Eg) of non-doped NWs agreed well with that of liquid-encapsulated Czochralski-grown semi-insulating bulk, a distinctive PL peak caused by a carbon acceptor to an unspecified donor recombination was observed. Because this recombination was also observed in the Si-doped NW sample, we concluded that a new type of donor was introduced during the NW growth processes. Owing to Si doping, the arsenic vacancy-Si acceptor complex was introduced in the NWs, which showed a broad but large PL band of approximately 1.4 eV. Another important finding was that Eg of the Si-doped NW sample was estimated to be 20 meV lower than that of the non-doped NW sample. This implies that the Si-related donor impurity band in NWs was caused by Si doping.


Objectives: The present study is to investigate the relation between serum potassium levels and the severity of coronary artery lesions in coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We selected 799 patients who underwent coronary angiography. Serum potassium levels were measured, and Gensini scores were calculated to evaluate the severity of coronary artery lesions in CAD. The correlation between serum potassium level and Gensini scores was examined by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Serum potassium levels were significantly increased in patients with lower (≤ 39 points; 3.90 ± 0.02 mmol/L, n = 453) and higher (> 39 points; 3.97 ± 0.02, n = 194) Gensini scores compared with normal controls (3.82 ± 0.03 mmol/L; P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum potassium level of the highscore group was also significantly higher than that of the low-score group (P < 0.05). Positive correlation between serum potassium level and Gensini scores in patients with CAD was observed (r = 0.093, P < 0.05). In addition, the levels of serum potassium in the single-vessel (3.95 ± 0.03 mmol/L, n = 214), dual-vessel (3.95 ± 0.03 mmol/L, n = 202), and multiple-vessel (3.94 ± 0.03 mmol/L, n = 231) groups were significantly higher than that in the normal control group (3.82 ± 0.03 mmol/L, n = 152; P < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that elevated levels of serum potassium are closely associated with the severity of coronary artery lesions and the number of disease vessels in CAD patients.


The present invention relates to a device for manufacturing cosmetic puffs, the device comprising: an automatic transfer unit (10); a puff supply unit (20); a solid powder forming unit (30); a puff cap supply unit (40); a joining unit (50); and a transfer unit (60). The automatic transfer unit has mounting cups (11) connected to the upper part thereof at regular intervals and move around a track having a constant distance in one direction. The puff supply unit (20) sequentially mounts puff bodies (71) into the mounting cups (11) from one side of the automatic transfer unit (10) so that the inside of the puff bodies (71) can face upward. The solid powder forming unit (30) sequentially supplies a predetermined amount of powder (P) together with a porous mesh (M) to a guide pipe (310) of an index table (31) that rotates, by driving a motor, by a predetermined angle at each predetermined time; mixes the supplied powder (P) and inserts the powder into the porous mesh (M) by a suction force having a uniform pressure, and compresses, with a uniform pressure, the porous mesh (M), into which the powder (P) is inserted, to form the solid powder (72), and then puts the solid powder (72) on the puff bodies (71) mounted in the mounting cups (11) of the automatic transfer unit (10) that are sequentially transferred from the bottom thereof. The puff cap supply unit (40) supplies puff caps (73) to be mounted on the upper part of the puff bodies (71) having the solid powder (72) put thereon at a position after the automatic transfer unit (10) moves a predetermined distance from the solid powder forming unit (30). The joining unit (50) performs ultrasonic welding along an outer periphery formed between the puff bodies (71) having the solid powder (72) put thereon and the puff caps (73) mounted on the upper part thereof at a position after the automatic transfer unit (10) moves a predetermined distance from the puff cap supply unit (40). The transfer unit (60) separates manufactured puffs (70) mounted in the mounting cups (11) from the mounting cups (11) and transfers the manufactured puffs (70) to a packaging line (80) at a position after the automatic transfer unit (10) moves a predetermined distance from the joining unit (50).


This work presents results of the characterization of dust collected in ASDEX Upgrade, with special emphasis on the size, morphology, structure and composition of the dust particles. The dust particles were collected after the 2009 campaign using the filtered vacuum technique. The structure and composition of the particles were examined by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, focused ion beam and scanning transmission electron microscopy with special interest in the tungsten particles.


trategic communication is an expression of the state soft power, which expresses its strategic commitments, supports the state influence on the international scene and enables a more favourable status in providing national interests. It is the subject of strategic studies of all developed countries that strive to achieve their interests in international relations. It also represents a systemic approach to crisis response, as well as support to managing crisis and conflicts. A synergistic approach to the accomplishment of national interests and support in crisis management and post-conflict relations is the basis of the idea of this paper. Its general framework is based on the analysis of the genesis of the Kosovo-Metohija conflict from the general historical, sociological and cultural basis of the relations between Serbs and Albanians in the territory of the southern Serbian province. Furthermore, the paper deals with the aspect of strategic communications within the Kosovo-Metohija security issue. The chronological overview shows the development of the conflict in the territory of Kosovo and Metohija, as well as the key activities of strategic communication caused by those events. communication represents the basis of support for solving the Kosovo-Metohija security issue in accordance with the objective goals and national interests of the Republic of Serbia. The characteristics of the conflict in KiM, from the aspect of striving to find its sustainable solution, point to the need for it to be based on mutual respect of interests and a sincere commitment to future peaceful coexistence. There is a need to establish direct interethnic communication at the micro-macro level of communities. It is necessary that the communication which would lead to the resolution of the conflict has the following preconditions: development of relations with the parties that are observers of the process, as well as time and resource potential. The proposed framework of strategic communication supports the resolution of the Kosovo-Metohija security issue in accordance with the objective goals and national interests of the Republic of Serbia. The long duration and "freezing" of the conflict are not in favour of the Serbian interests, so it can be said that the development of strategic communication in support of solving the security problem in Kosovo is a task that must not be delayed.


This research was focused in student's attitudes to statistic in university level. Is important describe deeply what happen in this level (Aslemand, 2018).
Students of two Bachelor's Degree in Mathematics was included in this study. The first program is of Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi and second is of Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas. The instrument was a Lickert scale test to identify attitudes to statistics. The test is validated in Auzmendi (1992).
The sample was n=73. The findings are the indentification of three attitudes to statistics in this sample. A neutral attitude predominates in students, associating it with the utility factor, they consider that a knowledge in Statistics could increase their possibilities for obtain a future work.
In addition, extra data collected in test was analized. Through an analysis of correspondence apply to aggregate variables, was concluded that the terminal is strongly related to attitude identified.


The present invention relates to a superconducting magnetic fluid vessel propulsion device. MHD channel [2] The superconducting solenoid magnet temperature through holes, arranged coaxially rotatable about an axis. MHD channel [2] in its axial configuration by a number of different functional segments, a cylindrical metal electrodes, the metal outer cylinder circular duct as the other electrode in the central circular duct magnetic fluid working section, in the outer circular duct spiral-shaped strakes [9] between the central cylinder electrode and the cylindrical electrode, a spiral guide plate [9] is uniform along the length of the conductive strips and a plurality of radial metal current control means [14], the current control both ends of the member [14] by conductive strips are connected to the two electrodes, current flows through the conductive metal strip by the current control means [14] regulation conductive metal strip and the current control means [14] with a non-conductive, and partially on three working full-on state. The present invention can be run on inland marine and freshwater, it can reduce friction loss of flowing water prior MHD ship propulsion.


Computers are no longer the esoteric playthings of mathematicians and engineers; they have become the day-in-day-out workhorses of data analysis. As they get wider application, there is increasing demand for the production of programs for the solution of new problems. But the number of programmers who are able to prepare all these new programs is limited. This problem is compounded by the fact that efficient machine use requires that the program writer be thoroughly familiar both with programming procedures and with the details of the problem at hand. Since most programmers are trained in mathematics or engineering, this condition raises no special problems for the mathematical or engineering use of the computer. For the behavioral scientist, however, it often creates some additional difficulties. Very few individuals are trained both in computer programming and in a behavioral science discipline. So behavioral scientists often have trouble in communicating the details of their data processing problems to programmers, and programmers are unable to find behavioral scientists who are willng and able to learn the intricacies of programming. What is needed are individuals trained in both areas; in a behavioral science and in computer programming. In the long run, the best policy might be to encourage—even require—behavioral science graduate students to develop at least the most basic skills in programming. It is fairly clear that such skills will be important to future generations of behavioral scientists. But in the meantime, some quicker means of meeting our immediate needs must be found. For the most part, people who are actually conducting research in the various behavioral sciences have neither the time nor the background to become specialists in program-


Associate Professor of Political Communication, Mariken A.C.G. van der Velden, explores the complexities of political compromise, including its impact on political representation and citizen support. Political compromise plays a crucial role in representative democracies, especially in multiparty consensus democracies. In such systems, nearly all political decision-making is subject to compromise among political parties. Political theorists have long emphasised the significance of compromise for liberal democracy. They argue that compromise is essential because it reflects a pluralistic view on partisanship and acknowledges the legitimacy of competing political claims for the common good.


"Breakpoint continuingly" is a common application of HTTP protocol in desktop PC system,because the Wince system only support the display of UNICODE character,and most of the application function of the PC system can't be used in Wince environment,so it's limited to develop the function of "breakpoint continuingly" in Wince environment.This article realize the "breakpoint continuingly" function of Wince system by building Socket communication way after the analysis of the HTTP protocol communications basic process and basic principle agreement.


Various electron emission properties of accelerator photocathodes were studied using short pulse lasers. The quantum efficiencies (QEs) of copper and magnesium were compared before and after above-damage threshold laser cleaning. Changes in the emission properties of copper photocathodes used in the UCLA RF photoinjector gun were observed by mapping the QEs of the cathode surfaces. The electron yield of thin copper films resulting from back-side illumination was measured. Multiphoton (nonlinear) emission was studied as a means of creating ultrashort electron bunches, and an RF gun Parmela simulation investigated the broadening of such pulses as they propagate down the beam line.


This research has focused on several unwanted effects of environmental pollution on the riverbank residents of Barishal city corporation. Precisely, this survey-based study has focused on the effects of air, water, soil, and noise pollution on human life of riverbank inhabitants. Sixty-three respondents were chosen from nine wards of the riverbank areas for interview using a purposive sampling method. The analyzed data indicated that environmental pollution has severe effects on human life. The result shows these pollutions intensify several diseases such as physical and mental disorders, eye inflammation, noses, and throat irritation, soreness of the respiratory tract, asthma, cancer and chronic pulmonary diseases in this area. Besides, the waste and pollutants in this riverbank area causing fatal ecological destruction, migration of people, change of landscape, and such pollution also creating a threat to global warming and ozone layer depletion. The haphazard


A bi-objective programming model (BP) with spatial equity constraints is proposed to site park-and-ride (P&R) facilities in traffic networks. Both the number and locations of P&R facilities are determined. The maximal coverage and minimal resource utilization criteria, which are generally conflicting, are simultaneously considered to reveal the trade-off between the quality and cost of coverage. Furthermore, the concept of passenger flow volume per cost is defined and several properties of the model solutions are analyzed. Finally, this model is applied to site P&R facilities in Anaheim, California. Application results show the trade-offs associated with passenger flow volume, cost and passenger flow volume per cost, and the effects of spatial equity constraints on the spatial deployment of P&R facilities.


Objective: Implementation of multilayer neural network (MLNN) with sigmoid activation function for the diagnosis of hepatitis disease. Methods: Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are efficient tools currently in common use for medical diagnosis. In hardware based architectures activation functions play an important role in ANN behavior. Sigmoid function is the most frequently used activation function because of its smooth response. Thus, sigmoid function and its close approximations were implemented as activation function. The dataset is taken from the UCI machine learning database. Results: For the diagnosis of hepatitis disease, MLNN structure was implemented and Levenberg Morquardt (LM) algorithm was used for learning. Our method of classifying hepatitis disease produced an accuracy of 91.9% to 93.8% via 10 fold cross validation. Conclusion: When compared to previous work that diagnosed hepatitis disease using artificial neural networks and the identical data set, our results are promising in order to reduce the size and cost of neural network based hardware. Thus, hardware based diagnosis systems can be developed effectively by using approximations of sigmoid function.


The enthalpies of mixing of liquid alloys of the ternary Cu–Sb–Ce system were studied by high-temperature calorimetry along the cross-section = 0.2/0.8. The composition dependence of these values were modelled using four "geometric" models and also the analytical method of Redlich–Kister–Muggianu. A comparison of the experimental data for the cross section  = 0.2/0.8 and simulated values of the enthalpies of mixing showed that the most suitable for describing the properties of liquid alloys of ternary Cu–Sb–Ce system is the Toop model.


_________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: The propert ies of a metal or an a lloy restrict its scope of application. These propert ies can be varied within l imits by several methods, heat treatment being one of them. In the present work we have discussed the three principal heat treatment processes: austenitis ing, quenching and tempering of a bearing steel. The factors affect ing a heat t reatment cycle for SAE 52100, a bearing steel, are discussed in this paper. This grade of steel can atta in a high hardness as well as excellent w ear resistance. The resulting duplex structure obtained from heat t reating this steel is the opt imum for bearing appl icat ions as the hard carbide part ic les can bear the load and the soft matrix renders a tough core. Homogeneous, s ing le phase tempered martens ite can lead to improved strength and ducti l ity of bearings. This paper discusses the effects of heat t reatment process parameters on the heat treatment cycle of a bearing steel.


A series of novel uranyl borates, K4Sr4[(UO2)13(B2O5)2(BO3)2O12], A6[(UO2)12(BO3)8O3](H2O)6 (A = Rb and Cs), and Rb3[(UO2)3(BO3)2O(OH)](H2O), were synthesized using conventional conditions. Among them, K4Sr4[(UO2)13(B2O5)2(BO3)2O12] and A6[(UO2)12(BO3)8O3](H2O)6 were obtained through a high-temperature solid-state reaction method, whereas Rb3[(UO2)3(BO3)2O(OH)](H2O) was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction. All compounds adopt novel two-dimensional (2D) layered structures in which basic building units (BBUs) consist of corner- or edge-sharing UOx (x = 6, 7 and 8) polyhedra linked with planar BO3 triangles or B2O5 dimers. K4Sr4[(UO2)13(B2O5)2(BO3)2O12] is the first mixed alkali–alkaline earth metal uranyl borate. This compound has the most complex 2D anion topology observed thus far in 2D uranyl borates. The fundamental building block (FBB) in this structure, [(UO2)13(B2O5)2(BO3)2O12]12–, consists of 3 UO8 hexagonal bipyramids and 10 UO7 pentagonal bipyramids connected with 2 BO3 triangles and 2 B2O5 di...


A generic map from a finite graph to the 2-space is called identifiable if any two embeddings of the graph into the 3-space obtained by lifting the map with respect to the natural projection from the 3-space to the 2-space are ambient isotopic in the 3-space. We show that only planar graphs have identifiable maps. We characterize the identifiable maps for some planar graphs.


This paper presents a new approximate adder architecture which when implemented on an FPGA consumes fewer logic resources compared to accurate adders of similar size and can achieve higher or comparable operating frequencies. For 32-bit addition, our approximate adder achieves a 25% reduction in the number of LUTs utilized compared to the accurate adder with no compromise on the speed performance. For 64-bit addition, our approximate adder achieves a 24% improvement in the maximum operating frequency, and a 25% reduction in the number of LUTs utilized compared to the accurate adder (post place and route on a Virtex-7 FPGA device). We also make comparisons with the FPGA-based implementations of some well-known gate-level approximate adders, and further provide insights into the error characteristics showing that the proposed approximate adder has a reduced error range.


Increasing demand for policy impact assessment regarding social, economic and environmental aspects asks for combined application of different models and tools. CAPRI, itself containing model linkages, has in turn also been repeatedly linked in various manners to more aggregate CGE models (e.g. Jansson et al. 2009, Nowicki et al. 2009) and macro-econometric models (Jansson et al. 2008).

The first part of the paper briefly introduces the concept of sequential calibration as integrated in CAPRI since 1999 to link the supply and demand module, and in the CAPRI-GTAP link discussed in the main part of the paper. It is based on iteratively updating parameters of behavioural and production function parameters in one model based on the results of second one, while feeding an average of past iterations of endogenous variables such as prices from the updated model back to the second model. The process is repeated until relative differences between iterations fall below a pre-defined threshold. Given a convex and continuously differentiable response of the second model to the endogenous variables fed back, analysis and experience suggest that the process is indeed converging to a fix point.

The second part of this paper describes how sequential recalibration was used to link CAPRI with GTAP in an application that analysed the impacts of a non-agricultural market access (NAMA) trade agreement. NAMA implies changes in non-agricultural commodities that impact indirectly on agriculture via primary and intermediate factor prices and consumer expenditure. Via the link, the partial model CAPRI computes regionalized impacts on agricultural production, agricultural incomes and derived environmental indicators. The application illustrates how sequential recalibration can be implemented in the context of PE-GE models.


The influence of pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily on the bioavailability of a single dose of mycophenolate mofetil 1000 mg or enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium is investigated in healthy volunteers. The plasma concentrations of mycophenolic acid and of the inactive metabolite mycophenolic acid glucuronide are measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters following sole administration are similar for mycophenolate mofetil and enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium except for the time to peak concentration, which is longer in the enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium group. Concomitant treatment with pantoprazole significantly (P < .001) lowers the mycophenolic acid exposure following administration of mycophenolate mofetil. The peak concentrations drop by 57%, and area under the curve decreases from 0 to 12 hours by 27%. In contrast, pantoprazole does not change the pharmacokinetics of enteric‐coated mycophenolate sodium. Given that mycophenolic acid exposure correlates with the incidence of biopsy‐proven acute rejections in renal transplant recipients, these findings may have clinical implications. Administration of pantoprazole in combination with mycophenolate mofetil could possibly result in an insufficient mycophenolic acid exposure, increasing the risk of treatment failure.


Persistent hyperglycemia resulting from diabetes mellitus causes microvascular lesions and long-term diabetic complications, such as nephropathy.The aim of the study was to analyze the levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), their carrier proteins (IGFBP), and markers of kidney tissue damage (IL-18, L-FABP, cystatin C, NGAL, and KIM-1) in male rats with diabetes mellitus, tumor growth, and their combination.Materials and methods. The study included white outbred male rats (n = 32) weighing 180–220 g. The animals were divided into four groups (n = 8 each): group 1 – intact animals; controls (2) – animals with diabetes mellitus; controls (3) – animals with Guerin carcinoma; experimental group (4) – animals with Guerin carcinoma against the background of diabetes mellitus. Levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2 and markers of acute kidney injury (IL-18, L-FABP, cystatin С, NGAL, and KIM-1) were determined in the kidney homogenates using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results. Increased levels of acute kidney injury markers were found in the kidneys of male rats with diabetes mellitus alone and in combination with Guerin carcinoma. In the animals with diabetes mellitus, the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 were decreased on average by 1.3 times, and the level of IGF-2 was increased by 2.1 times compared with the values in the intact male rats. The elevation of IGF-2 / IGF-1 on average by 2.8 times indicated increasing hypoglycemia in the kidney tissue of the animals with diabetes mellitus and in the experimental group with diabetes mellitus and Guerin carcinoma. In the kidney tissues of the rats with Guerin carcinoma, IGF-1 and IGF-2 were elevated on average by 1.5 times, and IGFBP-2 was decreased by 1.7 times. In the animals with malignant tumors growing against the background of diabetes mellitus, IGF-2 and IGFBP-1 were increased by 2.3 and 1.7 times, respectively, and the levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 were similar to those in the intact animals.Conclusion. The study demonstrated abnormalities in the metabolic profile of the kidneys in male rats with experimental diabetes mellitus, Guerin carcinoma, and their combination.


Soil salinity is a major constraint to crop production in many areas of the world. To investigate the effects of salinity stress on seed yield and shoot ions at vegetative and reproductive stages, a factorial experiment was applied for evaluating the seven rapeseed genotypes under four salinity levels including 0, 4, 8 and 12 dsm -1 . The salt solution was prepared by taking NaCl:CaCl2 in the ratio of 1:1. Significant mean square of salinity levels were exhibited for seed yield and all shoot ions at two growth stages except Ca at reproductive stage. Due to increasing salinity levels Ca at vegetative stage was increased in L14 and Zarfam but in other genotypes it was not affected by increasing salinity levels. Significant negative correlation of K with Na and Cl indicating the ameliorating effect of K on toxic effects of Na and Cl. Due to adverse effect of Cl on seed yield, the correlation of this ion with seed yield was significant and negative at vegetative and reproductive stages. Significant positive correlation of K content at vegetative stage with seed yield implied that K at this stage can be used as selection criterion for detecting high seed yield genotypes in saline environment.


The National Green Tribunal, established in 2010, has in the short term since its establishment strongly influenced environmental litigation in India. Unlike its predecessor the National Environment Appellate Authority, its five benches have wide ranging powers to adjudicate upon any dispute that involves questions of importance to the environment. This power coupled with technical expertise has exponentially strengthened the environmental protection regime in the country. In a number of decisions, the Tribunal has proved its efficiency in resolving environmental disputes. In this article, the authors survey some of the landmark decisions given by the various National Green Tribunal benches in an effort to discern the trends in environmental jurisprudence in India.


Usually gastrointestinal discomfort is a very common complaint and most of the time it's easy to manage in daily pharmaceutical practice. But some conditions can lead to further complications or become worse over time, so it's really important that patients can access advice and support when they need it. Pharmacists are in the position to guide the selection of the best treatment by confirming the diagnosis, sending patients with alarm symptoms to physicians and educating patients on the proper use of their OTC medication. Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and nausea/vomiting are often recognized among the patients with COVID-19. The impact of pharmacist intervention is needed in order to ensure reliable information for preventing, detecting, treating and managing coronavirus infection.


The discussion in this study is about how the Agenda Setting policy for general English courses in the transition period from the Covid 19 Pandemic to the Covid 19 Endemic At the Merdeka Learning Program - Merdeka Campus at the University of Tangerang Raya where English is an international language source which incidentally is related to a lot of information related to insight, science through written, print, electronic media as a source of information in communicating universally.The purpose of this research is how the Agenda Setting of the Independent Learning Policy - Merdeka Campus in the general English course lectures at the University of Tangerang Raya with a critical review of the Agenda Setting Deddi Fasmadhy.In addition, analyzing policies related to various obstacles encountered during lectures in the Merdeka Learning program – Merdeka campus.The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach.The results obtained from this research are that the distance learning method policy (PJJ) can produce good output. Students can take part in lectures properly supported and well prepared by the University of Tangerang Raya. For this research, we provide recommendations for problems that arise during lectures, so that the output of distance learning policies through online zoom or Google meet is the quality of learning is maintained, the quality is even increased in quality for all human resources involved in this online distance learning. . The weakness of students' comprehension is due to the limitations of online Zoom media, students are given individual assignments. It is hoped that the managerial lectures can improve the quality of superior English lectures,


In this paper, we present some existence results of mild solutions and study the topological structure of solution sets for the following first-order impulsive stochastic semilinear differential inclusions driven by Poisson jumps with periodic boundary conditions.We consider the cases in which the right hand side can be either convex . The results are obtained by using fixed point theorems for multivalued mappings, more precisely, the technique is based on fixed point theorem a nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder's fixed point theorem in generalised metric and Banach spaces.


Editor's Introduction
In this fifteenth piece to the Ubiquity symposium discussing What is computation? Peter A. Freeman considers the theoretical and practical aspects of the question.

Peter J. Denning
Editor


One of the most striking features of the vertebrates is that their retinal structures are remarkably similar, as recognized by Ramon y Cajal over 100 years ago.1 All vertebrates have two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones, with a ubiquitous molecular cascade underlying phototransduction in the outer segments of both cell types.2,3 Five major types of second-/third-order retinal neurons are found in all vertebrate species: bipolar cells (BCs, including the hyperpolarizing and depolarizing BCs, HBCs, and DBCs), horizontal cells (HCs), amacrine cells (ACs), interplexiform cells (IPCs), and ganglion cells (GCs).4 The neuronal somas are located in three nuclear layers, and their axonal and dendritic processes form complex and orderly networks of chemical and electrical synapses in two (outer and inner) plexiform layers (OPL and IPL).1 During the past few decades, detailed studies on synaptic connectivity and functional pathways in the retina have been performed in many species, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and humans. Results from these studies indicate that retinal synapses are organized in an intricate and orderly fashion, to efficiently process visual signals,4,5 and that synaptic pathways in the retina are arranged according to several general, cross-species principles.6,7 These principles dictate how retinal neurons are connected, synapses are formed, and various synaptic pathways are used to process different attributes of visual stimuli. Since not every type of retinal cell in every vertebrate is equally accessible for experimentation, identifying cross-species, general synaptic principles is important, not only to unravel how the first stages of the visual system operate, but also to facilitate our understanding of retinal function and dysfunction in less accessible animals, especially in humans.

In this article, I shall discuss several general principles of synaptic organization in the vertebrate retina and their roles in visual information processing. Moreover, I will briefly mention several species-specific variations in retinal synaptic organization, but because of the space limitation, I will focus on the mammalian-specific AII amacrine cell (AIIAC) pathway.


The emission of erbium ions in silicon at 1550nm is enhanced by the presence of the two-dimensional (2D) plasmonic crystal. The nonradiative surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are generated through the relaxation of the excited erbium ions. The SPPs can be highly confined at the edge of the band of the 2D plasmonic crystal. By adding or reducing a multiple of external wave vector, the large amount of SPPs will be coupled out. The emission efficiency of erbium ions with help of reradiated SPPs can increase nearly 40 times comparing to that of one-dimensional (1D) metal grating. The emission angles of enhanced spectrum are discussed.


The results of a finite-element parametric study, performed to investigate the nature of soil arching in the geosynthetic-reinforced fill above a void, are presented. The fill response to the formation of a void is compared with the arching theories of Terzaghi and Hewlett and Randolph. It was found that Terzaghi's approach is capable of describing all aspects of behaviour observed in numerical analyses, whereas Hewlett and Randolph's formulation may only be applied to a limited number of cases. It was also found that the accuracy with which Terzaghi's approach predicts the vertical stress at the base of the fill layer depends mostly on the value of the stress ratio K in the shear zone propagating from the edges of the void. The values suggested in the literature are shown to be too low, resulting in a highly overestimated vertical stress at the base of the fill. A suitable value of K is suggested from the numerical results, which is independent of the shape and size of the void, and of the fill and geosy...


2‐Cyano‐N‐(4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)acetamide (2) was utilized as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new coumarin 3, pyridine 4, pyrrole 5, thiazole 8, pyrido[2′,3′:3,4]‐pyrazolo‐[5,1‐c]triazine 7, and aminopyrazolo 10 compounds. 2‐Cyano‐N‐(4,6‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐3‐yl)‐3‐(dimethylamino)acrylamide (11) was synthesized and allowed to react with hydroxylamine, hydrazine, and guanidine to afford regioselectively the isoxazole 13, pyrazole 15, and pyrimidine 17 derivatives, respectively. The reaction of 11 with thiourea and/or with ethyl glycinate in basic medium afforded the regioisomeric pyrimidinethione 18 and 3,5‐dioxo‐1,4‐diazepine‐6‐carbonitrile 23. All the synthesized products were tested and evaluated as antimicrobial agents.


The 2022–2023 winter period is alleged to be one of the toughest since World War II with respect to energy, especially electricity, natural gas and oil. The paper investigates the public discussions on Twitter in five widely spoken European languages and English. Networks of users are formed in order to locate possible important nodes that control the distribution of information. The networks are rather sparse and do not belong to the general class of 'small worlds'. The communities of users seem to gather around one user; however, users also interact with others within the groups. Regarding the users' sentiments, the negatives are definitely higher than the positive ones. Sentiments appear to be stable in their scores during the examined period and for each language; fear and sadness are dominant among them. Energy prices are frequently discussed in all languages, along with major political events. Findings may help governments to better understand public views and develop an effective strategy to communicate with and protect EU citizens.


A Petri‐net‐based simulation model of a wireless mobile ad hoc network is developed and studied. The model covers all the fundamental aspects of behaviour of such a network and uses a novel scheme of orientation‐dependent (or sector‐dependent) internode communication, with random states of links. The proposed scheme enables representation of reliability aspects of wireless communication, such as fading effects, interferences, presence of obstacles and weather conditions in a general and rather easy way. The simulation model was implemented in terms of a class of extended Petri nets to explicitly represent parallelism of events and processes in the WLAN as a distributed system. In the simulation, the behaviour of four fundamental performance metrics — packet delivery ratio, average number of hops, relative network traffic and end‐to‐end delay — were investigated with varying distance of transmission and different combinations of model parameters. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An operator equation is obtained, the solution of which is an intrinsic (residual) stress tensor reducing the stress level to zero in a predetermined region of a rigidly loaded elastic body. It is shown that the operator of this equation is a contraction operator and, therefore, this equation can be solved by the method of successive approximations. An example is given.


The National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden published the national guidelines for Parkinson's Disease 2016. The aim of this study was to summarize this evidence review and development of the guidelines, focusing on the economic evaluation of device‐aided therapies (deep brain stimulation, pump‐based infusion of levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel or apomorphine) for Parkinson's disease, and the rate of implementation after 3 years in Sweden.


This thesis is intended to provide an understanding of the factors that affect staffing in the Secretariat long Kubu Raya District , covering education , job knowledge , job skills and work experience . Problems in staffing in Kubu Raya District Secretariat is long in-service staffing is still not based on competence . Besides staffing system is not oriented to the Merit System , such as the classification of positions , job descriptions , competency standards and objective appraisal is still not available . As a result, the placement can not be based on a rational plan needs . From the findings of the research that the factors that influence the placement of employees in this case education , knowledge , skills and work experience has not shown adequate results . So that employees are placed in Kubu Raya District Secretariat work optimally . Keywords : civil servants Placement, Work Experience, Education and Traning of civil servants.


Sexual educators have emphasized the need to separate drug use and sexual behavior, believing that the use of drugs leads to riskier behavior. However, for some of those practicing risky sex, drug or alcohol use is required to reduce inhibitions and make such sexual relationships possible. In assessing the risks, the type and amount of drug use, attitudes, expectations, and the environment in which the use occurs are important. The ultimate goal is harm reduction, and partners should negotiate sexual practices that are both pleasurable and safe.


The Conducted Emissions (CE) measurement is mandatory for a product to enter mass production. This paper presents PSpice and MATLAB tools application for EMC Simulation, namely of CE – CP (Current probe) method described in CISPR 25 Standard. Also, comparisons are made with real-life laboratory measurements of the mentioned testing method. The main contribution of this paper is to provide a simulation tool that can be used for design and verification of Automotive products. Based on analog simulation (without any layout information or mechanical models) optimizations are made for a module used for NOx reduction, to reduce its levels of CE.


Sensing technologies based smart learning system significantly affects the learning and teaching process. Sensing technologies increased the interaction between learners and teachers comparing to conventional learning system. The smart learning system provides an appropriate information to individual students in the right way. The proposed smart learning system will also facilitates deaf, blind and aged learners which will definitely reduce the extra expenditures for constructing separates schools and colleges. Ultimately learners' ratio will be increased if smart learning strategy is deployed for learning process. Furthermore the proposed system can be easily deployed in learning environment.


Using the bond-fluctuation-model and vacancy-diffusion-algorithm,the microphase structure, segment profile and structure factor of molten symmetrical AB diblock copolymer confined between two impermeable plate surfaces are simulated by Monte Carlo method based on simple cubic lattice.It is shown that microphase is lamellar and lamellar orientation is determined by the characteristics of plates.The lamella between two neutral plates is perpendicular to plates.That between two symmetrical preferential plates or asymmetrical preferential plates is parallel to plates.If one of plates is attractive and the other is neutral, the microdomain is perpendicular lamellar structure near neutral plate and parallel lamellar structure near attractive plate.The structure factor shows that microphase structure of symmetrical system is mainly decided by the symmetry of external field.


Water stored behind the dam, because of its hydraulic load, is always looking for a way to penetrate the walls of the structure. This hydraulic feature has caused the water, as an active flow, to penetrate the foundation porous mass and earth dams' body and to leak into the downstream. Therefore, due to this phenomenon, experts and researchers consider the process of the estimation of exact amount of this penetration as one of the main priorities in studying and Implementation of water/earth projects in order to preserve these structures and to guarantee the optimal utilization of water resources in these structures. The purpose of this study is a numerical simulation of leakage phenomenon in a two-dimensional way in the range of the body and foundation by using the seep/w software in Meydanak dam which was carried out in accordance to different conditions and a half-saturated soil modeling. In order to validate the results of the numerical model, a comparison with the data from experimental models has been made and the results of the modeling indicate accordance between the modeling results and the results of dam instrumentation with a variation about 3.9% which is reasonable and acceptable.


Judicial reform of the people's court is an important part of the construction of socialist state rule of law. At the time of commemorate 30 years of reform and opening-up,it is necessary to retrospect the 30 years development of judicial reform of the people's court,review its thoughts,theories and practical process,analyze its fundamental achievements,experiences and lessons,and prospect the future trend of judicial reform of the people's court,so as to promote scientific development of socialist judicial system with characteristics of China.


PURPOSE: To remove a foreign material on a dicing chuck table by moving a foreign material removing member in such a manner as to slide on the surface of the dicing chuck table and to rub off the foreign material adhering to the surface of the table. CONSTITUTION: This is constituted by providing a bar-like foreign material removing member 8a formed with a hard material to be slidable on the surface of a dicing chuck table for fixing a wafer through a dicing talk and a moving mechanism 8b for moving the foreign material removing member 8a in parallel with the surface of a dicing chuck table 2. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Objective:To observe the effects of alprostadil in the treatment of acute cholangitis of severe type(ACST) in the elderly. Methods:96 patients with ACST in the elderly were randomly divided into two groups treated with alprostadil and total parenteral nutrition(TPN). Patients in the treatment group (50 cases) were given each a daily dose of 10 μg of alprostadil which was added to 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride by intravenous for a week. TPN was used for patients of the control group 46 cases. All patients were given the treatment of anti-shock, antibiotic and operation. Albumen in the blood was determined, the incidence of severe complication and mortality were recorded before and after the treatment. Results:The effects of the treatment group are superior to those of the control group. Patients with alprostadil and TPN had significant lower morbidity rate and lower risk of the severe complication than those with only TPN. The difference was statistically significant( P 0.05). Conclusion:Alprostadil combined with TPN is an effective treatment for ACST in the elderly.


We derive refined rigorous error estimates for approximate solutions of
Sturm-Liouville and Riccati equations with real or complex potentials. The approxi-
mate solutions include WKB approximations, Airy and parabolic cylinder functions,
and certain Bessel functions. Our estimates are applied to solutions of the angular
Teukolsky equation with a complex aspherical parameter in a rotating black hole
Kerr geometry.


http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5549/2149 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5549/2149/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material found at: can be related to this article A list of selected additional articles on the Science Web sites http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5549/2149#related-content http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5549/2149#otherarticles , 7 of which can be accessed for free: cites 25 articles This article 171 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/294/5549/2149#otherarticles 15 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/collection/geochem_phys Geochemistry, Geophysics : subject collections This article appears in the following


We develop a new version of the well-known filtration method in modal logic, allowing us to construct large countermodels and to solve some open problems on the finite model property for products of modal logics. This filtration is based on the bisimilarity relation between parts of the original model; it generalizes earlier versions of the filtration method introduced by E. Lemmon, K. Segerberg, D. Gabbay, and the author.