Preliminary evidence exists that ultra-early angiographic vasospasm (UEAV) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and poor functional outcome. Typically, detection of UEAV has been based on admission radiological imaging.

 To elucidate the occurrence of the phenomenon of UEAV during treatment in SAH patients.

 A total of 206 consecutive patients underwent either endovascular or microsurgical treatment in a hybrid operating room within 48 h after SAH. Time to DCVS and DCI, and poor functional outcome (both binary) were analyzed using Cox proportional-hazards and logistic regression models. We examined both univariable models (admission and periinterventional UEAV) and multivariable models (backward variable selection, including further known and suspected risk factors).

 For UEAV detected in 33 patients (16%), 10 were admission and periinterventional and 23 periinterventional only. Both admission and periinterventional UEAV significantly increased the risk of DCVS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.3, P = .001), DCI (odds ratio [OR] 5.9, CI 1.7-25.1, P = .001), and poor functional outcome (OR 4.7, CI 1.7-13.4, P = .004). Clipping, female sex, and higher Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) scale increased the hazard for DCVS and the probability for DCI, whereas increasing patient age, poor initial World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage increased the probability for poor functional outcome.

 Detection of admission or periinterventional UEAV poses high risk of DCVS, DCI, and poor outcome after SAH. Therefore, periinterventional UEAV should be considered an important warning sign that warrants both early monitoring and aggressive therapy.


Guidelines of treatment of hypercholesterolemia in patients at very high cardiovascular (CV) risk have progressively lowered the target LDL–cholesterol (LDL–C). In real life LDL–C targets are difficult to reach. Aim of this study was to evaluate the achievement of LDL–C targets and the prescription of lipid–lowering therapy (LLT) in a large cohort of outpatients at very high CV risk.

 we considered 11350 patients at very high CV risk, mean age 70 years evaluated in Our Center from 2017 to 2020. The study population was divided in 3 groups according to the presence of one or more very high risk CV score components. For each group lipid–lowering therapy, LDL–C goal and prognosis were assessed.

 The very high CV risk population was composed maily by patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We found an increse of LLT after the index cardiologic visit (from 50,5 to 75,8%) and high–efficacy (HE) LLT from 22% to 27,9%. Consequently we found an increase in the achievement of LDL–C target <55 mg/dl (1.4 mmol/l): from 3,2% to 8,3% 6 months after the visit. In the group with more CV risk components the LLT and HE LLT were more prescribed, the LDL–C target was more reached and the mortality rate were higher (22,3% vs 8,4% in patients with only one CV risk component).

 in the very high CV risk population the target of LDL–C is rarely reached. We identificated patients with more CV risk components with worse prognosis and need of HE LLT.


Abstract : Ambient temperature molten salts, specifically the N-n-butylpyridinium chloride-aluminum chloride system, have been shown to be useful solvents for studying polymer films on solid electrodes. The electrochemical behavior of (Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2 (4-vinylpyridine)2)2+, polyvinylferrocene and thionine polymers have been investigated in basic, neutral and acidic melts. Behavior is similar to that reported for these polymer films in other non-aqueous solvents, such as acetonitrile, or water, and may be somewhat enhanced.


A major reassessment of C. L. R. James's 1963 classic, Beyond a Boundary. This essay offers a way of reading the text in the 21st century, demonstrating its ongoing relevance and its importance within the current global political climate.


The use of analysis techniques for industrial controller's analysis, such as Simulation and Formal Verification, is sometimes complex on industrial context. This complexity is due to the fact that such techniques require sometimes big investment in highly qualified human resources that have sufficient theoretical knowledge in those domains. This paper aims, mainly, to show that it is possible to improve the implementation and industrial using of such techniques, by facilitating their application. As any mechatronic system needs to be modeled by using CAD models, these models could be used, in a systematic way, by these companies in order to increase the use of such techniques for the analysis of industrial controllers. For this purpose, it is discussed, in the paper, the best way to systematize these procedures, and this paper describes, only, the first step of a complex process and promotes a discussion of the main difficulties that can be found and a possibility for handle those difficulties is presented. A case study is presented in order to illustrate how to obtain a plant model for formal verification purposes from an original 3D CAD model.


Today, we know relatively well about what should be taught in the entrepreneurship program for non-business majors. However, our understanding of how should the non-business students be taught is still limited. To address this issue, we study the entrepreneurship curriculum developed for students in the Nontraditional Doctor of Pharmacy (NTPD) program at the University of Maryland Baltimore. In principle, the core of this entrepreneurship curriculum resembles a typical business school entrepreneurship course with an emphasis on developing a business or a project plan at the end of a two-semester, six-credit course sequence. This entrepreneurship curriculum for PharmD has a successful track record. From 1995 to 2003; 35% to 40% of the business plans developed by the NTPD students have been successfully funded. Although the program is structured in a similar manner as many other short-term entrepreneurship curricula in non-business programs, its implementation and dialectic approach create a dynamic learning environment that has effectively assisted non-business major graduate students to engage in business venturing activities. The infusion of dialectical inquiry at the NTPD program enables clinical pharmacy students to exploit their professional expertise while developing competence in business planning. Students are expected to plan for the implementation of some new aspect of clinical pharmacy into a new or existing practice. In this research, we reported the design of NTPD entrepreneurship curriculum and the training of business planning. Given the lack of foundation business knowledge and course time limitation in NTPD (and other hybrid programs), we posit that the effective implementation of dialectical inquiry will help students improve the quality of new venture planning.


The main features of continental rift are mantle upwelling, extension, thinning, faulting and subsidence of lithosphere. The extensional environment is necessary and key to form a continental rift. It has been considered by the Chinese geologists in the past that the Panxi (Panzhihua-Xichang) rift is marked mainly by layer complexes, Emeishan basalts,ring alkalic complexes and sedimentation of the rift basins in the late Triassic. Recently, a series of studies have shown that this huge magmatic event from the Variscan to the Indosinian is a product of mantle plume-lithosphere interaction. Analysis of sedimentation and structures on the western margin of the upper Yangtze block demonstrates that the Panxi area is an old land and was eroded from late Permian to middle Triassic. The late Triassic molasses formation in faulted basins is caused by foreland loading and strike-slip exerted by the Tethys closure, and no narrow rift basin existed. This paper presents questions about the existence of the Panxi rift based on magmatic activities, sedimentary processes, structural features and geophysical data, and proposes a geological evolution history of the Panxi area from Paleozoic to Mesozoic.


The annihilating-ideal graph of a commutative ring R is denoted by AG(R), whose vertices are all nonzero ideals of R with nonzero annihilators and two distinct vertices I and J are adjacent if and only if IJ = 0. In this article, we completely characterize rings R when gr(AG(R)) = 3. c ⃝ 2015 IAUCTB. All rights reserved.


Due to their high efficiency and high energy resolution, applications of CdZnTe (CZT) detectors have spread into many areas such as room temperature detectors. To improve the performance and decrease the effects of hole trapping and crystal non-uniformity, special contact geometries are applied to the detectors, such as Coplanar, 3D pixel, Frisch grid, Capture and so on. In this paper, we introduce a new line electrode geometry to greatly improve CZT detector performance. A line anode collects electrons, while a planar cathode collects holes. Due to the low electric field close to the cathode and the low hole μτ value, this geometry is also a single charge sensitive structure. The calculated energy resolution of a 20 mm x 20 mm x 15 mm detector could be improved up to 1.51% for 662 keV gamma rays. Both simulations and experimental results are presented here.


Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with reduced ventilatory muscle strength and consequent worsening of functional capacity. In this scenario, Inspiratory Muscular Training (IMT) gains space, but there is still a lack of knowledge if the anaerobic threshold can be used as a basis for prescription. Objective: To test the hypothesis that the IMT based on the anaerobic threshold (AT) modifies the functional capacity of patients submitted to CABG. Methods: This is a clinical trial. Patients were divided into two groups: the conventional group (IMT-C), which performed inspiratory muscle training based on 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP); group (IMT-AT), in which patients performed IMT based in AT. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative assessment of MIP and performed a six-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: 42 patients were evaluated, 21 of them for each group. The mean age of participants was 61.4±10 years and 27(64%) were male. There was a reduction of inspiratory muscle strength with a delta of 23±13cmH2O in IMT-C vs. 11±10 cmH2O in the IMT-AT (p Conclusion: IMT based on the anaerobic threshold minimized the loss of functional capacity of patients submitted to CABG.


Isomytiloxanthin, a pigment from the edible mussel Mytilus edulis, gave a monoacetate on acetylation, and a tetrahydro derivative on reduction with sodium borohydride. Spectroscopic studies on isomytiloxanthin and its derivatives showed that the natural pigment has the acetylenic structure 6,3′-dihydroxy-7′,8′-didehydro-5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro β,β-carotene-3,8-dione (1).Reaction of but-1-yne with the ketone (10) gave the acetylenic alcohol (12) which, on hydroboration, yielded the ketone (14). Removal of the protecting group furnished (16), a model for the novel β-hydroxy ketone end group in Isomytiloxanthin. Comparison of the n.m.r. bands of (16), and those of isomytiloxanthin, indicated that the latter has the relative configuration at 5,6 shown in (1).


A model of a surface magnetic loop induction scheme over a two layer earth with fixed parameters, is developed. Using this model, formulas and curves are presented which determine the number of measurements N required to achieve a knowledge of the depth of burial D of a basement layer to within a specified tolerance ¿D. It is shown that the condition N >> D/(¿¿s) where ¿s is the quasi-static skin depth of the upper layer is necessary for the tolerance ¿D to be small. The tolerance is dependent on the mathematical model so that the popular method of using Sommerfield integrals has the consequence that horizontal resolution is much poorer than vertical. The assumptions of large signal-to-noise ratio and highly accurate measurement are necessary for formulas to be valid.


Purpose: The purpose of this therapy is to influence your lower jaw to.This study compared occlusal splints fabricated in centric relation. Repositioning during therapy, as demonstrated by the change in occlusal contacts on the.with an occlusal splint had a very significant effect in relieving the pain and. Were evaluated for possible myofunctional therapy aiming at elimination of.therapy and silicone occlusal splint therapy on electromyographic activity in the.


Knowledge collaborations are fundamental for developing effective pathways toward more just and sustainable futures in mountains. Strengthening the resilience and wellbeing of mountain peoples and regions requires that Indigenous and academic ways of knowing contribute meaningfully to informed decisions and interventions at multiple levels. Mountain systems are experiencing increasing threats to their sustainability, including climate change impacts, biodiversity loss, habitat destruction, anthropogenic pressures, and increased vulnerability of local livelihoods. Rapid and disruptive changes to mountain systems also foreshadow impacts on the broader landscape. Indigenous Peoples' understanding of relationality positions communities and livelihoods as integral parts of mountain systems and emphasizes interconnectedness of all the elements of these systems. However, historically, Indigenous knowledge and methodologies have been devalued and constrained in an institutional and peer-review context defined by academic traditions. Academic disciplines have developed related concepts and approaches intended to investigate and communicate system interconnectivity, including nature's contribution to people, socioecological systems, and biocultural diversity. Importantly, all of these ways of knowing and doing recognize that people are a key element of mountain systems and that human decisions and actions have unique impacts within them. Innovative models of collaborative knowledge inquiry can enhance our ability to understand and address the impacts of rapid environmental, economic, and social change on the resilience of mountain systems, while empowering, respecting, and, where useful, bringing together Indigenous and academic knowledges and research approaches . This focus issue of MRD was born from a fruitful partnership with the Canadian Mountain Network (CMN). It focuses on knowledge collaborations by mountain researchers and Indigenous Peoples in support of the wellbeing of mountain people and regions. Articles published in this issue provide examples of knowledge coproduction and application in diverse mountain contexts across the globe. Beyond contributing to the recognition of multiple forms of scientific knowledge inquiry, we hope that this issue will inspire more ethical and meaningful cooperation between academics and Indigenous and local mountain communities, with a view to achieving more sustainable futures and redressing historical injustices . Indigenous and local knowledge from the Andes and the Himalayas is presented in the MountainViews section. As a result of an innovative peer-review process that acknowledges place-based forms of knowledge production, the 2 articles published in


THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HYBRID TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM (HTCS) IS DESCRIBED AND DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF ITS MAJOR ELEMENTS AND CONTROL TECHNIQUES. A METHODOLOGY IS FORMULATED FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS IN DOLLAR TERMS OF A LARGE SCALE TRAFFIC SIGNAL SYSTEM. THE DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES UTILIZED FOR THE STUDY ARE RECOMMENDED FOR OTHER STUDIES. A USERS' BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS PRESENTED. THE INFORMATION DEVELOPED IN THIS STUDY CAN BE UTILIZED TO CALCULATE ONLY A PARTIAL BENEFIT-COST RATIO.


A new cutting process, a hybrid system, uses induction heating to heat the metal ahead of the plasma cutting torch. The process has demonstrated the ability to plasma cut steel parts at speeds of up to 4X the speed of the plasma torch without the induction heating. Although the total heat input per unit time is greater, because of the increase in speed, the heat which is conducted into the cut pieces is less. This causes less potential metallurgical damage, less potential distortion, and reduced coating damage and reduced emissions during cutting, in comparison to the plasma cutting process without the induction heating. The initial development was primarily for use in cutting nuclear submarine and aircraft carrier hulls, for scrapping after decommissioning. The process has been demonstrated cutting steel plates and can be used in ship production as well. The primary motivation of the SBIR project was to reduce the heating of the cut pieces, in order to reduce the particulate matter (PM) emissions which occur when coated ship hull material is cut. An induction coil is positioned in front of the plasma cutting torch, to bring the material to an elevated temperature of at least 1600° F, before the plasma is applied to the metal surface. Induction heating testing has shown that the 35 kW induction system can maintain the 1600° F surface temperature at travel speeds of above 220 inches per minute on steel as thick as 3 inches. Once the steel is at that temperature an air plasma torch can cut the metal much faster than cutting cold steel.


The formation of dog clubs and official studbook registries did not occur in America until the late 1800s. All-breed clubs were developed to organize conformation shows or field trials. Single-breed clubs were formed to develop a breed and to establish an American breed standard. The establishment and publication of pedigree studbooks provided legitimacy to breeding records and separated mixed-breed from purebred stock. Many breeds were imported from Europe and other areas of the world. American breed standards initially mirrored those of the originating country. However, based on the function of the breed and American preferences, many breed standards changed from those of their country of origin. Some American breeds were developed on the basis of a working phenotype that brought together founders from unrelated breeds. Other breeds were developed by inbreeding on a limited number of related founder dogs, and then expanding the population. There are also breeds or varieties that developed as offshoots of other pure breeds. ESTABLISHMENT OF AMERICAN DOG CLUBS AND STUDBOOKS In the U.S., dogs were bred as working dogs, for sport, or for companionship. The first American studbook of pedigrees, which included 327 sporting dogs, was published in 1876 in The American Kennel & Sporting Field. The Field Dog Stud Book continues to be published for field trail and hunting dogs. On January 26, 1876, the National American Kennel Club (NAKC) was formed in St. Louis, Missouri, with the purpose of running field trials and bench (conformation) shows. Their first studbook of 1,416 dogs was...


The world is characterised bya mosaic of borders. They demarcate differences in space and enable governments to make sense of that space and organise human behaviour and movement (Popescu 2013). Yet, they also create political, economic, social and cultural divisions. It is critical to overcome these divisions to deal with some of the major challenges, such as climate change, we are faced with this centurary. There is growing recognition of the need for collaboration and co-operation across borders to overcome the divisions they create.


Deinstitutionalization and privatization are framing and shaping long-term care (LTC) in Western societies. Most countries in the world are facing the challenge of aging societies while at the same time financial resources are becoming scarcer. As a result, there is an urgent need to evaluate how LTC for older people is being developed and organized in different countries. How are deinstitutionalization processes in European countries being implemented? Furthermore, what have been the consequences of the 2008 economic and financial crisis on LTC policies and its effects at the local and household levels? In this special issue, incorporating eight articles, the authors evaluate recent changes and developments in LTC for older people in European countries, most particularly from the perspective of restructuring taking place in the LTC for older people. The economic and state financial crises are the most important drivers behind widespread overall restructuring processes. The tsunami of the 2008 economic crisis hit particularly hard most of the southern European countries, which at a certain point had been making efforts to catch up by providing more services and resources addressed to old age welfare, looking toward the more successful northern and central European welfare states as reference points in their own LTC policies. The processes of deinstitutionalization and privatization, often accompanied by marketization trends, have been strongly present in northern and central European countries and have been introduced in the eastern and southern European countries as well, with their diverse models of welfare states (Anttonen & Meagher, 2013; Bode, Gardin, & Nyssens, 2011; B€onker, Hill, & Marzanati, 2010; Brennan, Cass, Himmelweit, & Szebehely, 2012; Karsio & Anttonen, 2013; Ranci & Pavolini, 2013; Salamon, 1993; Yeandle, Kr€oger, & Cass, 2012). Marketization refers to different, and often parallel, processes such as outsourcing, use of vouchers, or also competitive tendering. There are similarities when evaluating the processes of marketization, as well as disparities in the ways services are provided and how restructuring and retrenchments take place (Kr€oger, 2001; Lehmann & Havl ıkov a, 2015; Rostgaard, Timonen, & Glendinning, 2012). All these processes will be addressed in this special issue. The earlier common trend toward a fuller universalism of LTC in Europe, beginning in the 1990s, is clearly shifting toward increasing differentiation due to the growth and importance of the market-oriented sector since the 2008 economic crisis (Le on, 2014; Le on, Pavolini, & Rostgaard, 2014); this being also reflected in the set of articles included in this special issue. The importance of taking into account social and cultural systems, welfare production diversity, and the variety of care regimes in the provision and implementation of LTC (Anttonen & Sipil€a, 1996; PfauEffinger, 2005) can also be evident in household or individual strategies responding to individual needs; for example, in a context of socioeconomic crisis. Its manifestations range from a macro level of policy analysis and structure to a micro level of household or family strategies and their capacity of agency. There is a reluctance for different generations to live under the same roof and yet, at the same time, a preference for care, not only due to traditional values but also because family care is considered to be of better quality (Da Roit, Le Bihan, & € Osterle, 2007; Eichler & Pfau-Effinger, 2009; Jensen & Møberg, 2011; Pfau-Effinger, 2005).


In this paper, the authors investigate the Hyers - Ulam - Rassias stability and J. M. Rassias mixed type product- sum of powers of norms stability of a orthogonally generalized quadratic functional equation of the form$$f(n x+y)+f(n x-y)=n[f(x+y)+f(x-y)]+2 n(n-1) f(x)-2(n-1) f(y) .$$Where $f: A \rightarrow B$ be a mapping from a orthogonality normed space $A$ into a Banach Space $B, \perp$ is orthogonality in the sense of Ratz with $x \perp y$ for all $x, y \in A$.


Citrus canker is a quarantine disease which may cause huge damage to citrus production. Effective and fast disease detection methods must be undertaken to minimize the losses of citrus canker infection. In this paper, a new approach is presented to detect citrus canker from leaf images collected in field. Firstly, a global canker lesion descriptor is used to detect citrus diseased-lesion from leaf-background. Then a zone-based combined local descriptor is proposed to identify citrus canker disease from other similar diseased-lesions. Thirdly, a two-level hierarchical detection structure is developed to identify the canker lesion and AdaBoost is adopted in feature selection and classifier learning. Finally, evaluation of the proposed method and its comparison with other approaches are discussed, and the experimental results shows that the proposed approach achieves similar classification accuracy of human experts.


Using the quadratic rotatory regression combination design of four factors and five levels, the effects of planting (density) and amount of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorous fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on yield and economic benefit of (wheat) (variety) R88 were studied. The results showed that: in particular ecological areas of northwest Guizhou, if R88 yielded beyond 5000 kg/ha, the cultivation measures of planting density 292.6×10~4 ~ 302.4×10~4 plants/ha, N 210.3~230.0 kg/ha, P_(2)O_(5) 64.4~(82.5 kg/ha) and K_(2)O 81.1~104.0 kg/ha should be taken and if its economic benefit beyond 2500 yuan/ha, the appropriate measures should be of planting density 271.6 ×10~4~ 290.6×10~4 plants/ha, N 181.1~199.9 kg/ha, P_(2)O_(5) 44.5~66.5 kg/ha and K_(2)O (32.4~)51.5 (kg/ha). Analysis showed that the order of contributive rate of each factor was NK_(2)OP_(2)O_(5)density on yield and (economic) effect. The key technique was the applying amount of N for higher yield and economic benefit of wheat variety R88.


Constitutions and other legal frameworks are expected to ensure the protection of the fundamental and collective rights of citizens. In this respect, the regulation of political parties is a global phenomenon, which symbolises multi-party democracy, the rule of law and good governance. This article examines the phenomenon of the constitutional and legal regulation of political parties in the Central African Republic (hereafter CAR) and Senegal, two francophone countries with different trajectories and experiences of multi-party democracy. It identifies possible challenges and shortcomings of the regulation of political parties in the two countries, especially in relation to the actual implementation of the existing national frameworks. The article attempts to suggest possible frameworks for an effective implementation of the constitutional and legal rights of political parties, including the constitutionalisation of the enforcement mechanisms, which would undeniably protect the position of political parties in constitutional democracies. In conclusion, the article highlights the role of an independent judiciary in the promotion and protection of the constitutional and legal status of all political parties in the CAR and Senegal.


Individuals XmR control charts based on the normality assumption and a moving range estimate for a σ typically are used if data occur infrequently or rational subgroups are not obvious. Although often are advised as a simple robust omnibus chart for any (non-normal) data, this practice is not always advisable, especially for common single parameter distributions for which exact and equally simple methods exist or for "phase 1" start-up data of unknown stability. We investigate performance consequences when these charts are applied erroneously to binomial, Poisson, geometric, or exponential processes, using either 3-sigma or probability limits, often resulting in significantly compromised average run lengths due to over-fitting of both natural and unnatural variation via an in-fact non-existent second parameter (σ).


African popular theatre has emerged as an alternative strategy through which the oppressed can discard the culture of silence and assert their desire for peace, justice and freedom. Taking cognisance of the belief that violence only begets violence, such theatre employs meta-communicative devices, like play, as non-violent means of protest against forces that have militated against the people's welfare. This article uses the case study of a popular theatre performance carried out in Zimbabwe to explore how the culture of violence has become a cyclical phenomenon that began with colonialism and extended through the time of the liberation struggle to the post-colonial period. The article focuses on how the cycle of violence can be understood in order to chart the way forward for peacebuilding and development in Africa.


sobering to remember that many of the officials who might administer industrial policy are holdovers from the Soviet government, which tried unsuccessfully to improve upon the market's allocation of capital resources. Of $200 billion in worldwide foreign direct investment in 1994, only about $1 billion went to Russia. On the surface, Russia's small share is surprising. The country is richly endowed with natural resources and, more importantly, with talented human resources. Since it is desperately in need of capital, the returns on investments should be lucrative. Yet, Russian Economics Minister Evgenii Iasin recently remarked that Russia is now among the least attractive countries in the world for foreign investment. Clearly, the first priority for Russian policymakers must be to attract foreign investment to Russia, not to channel foreign investment into preferred industries. One way to encourage foreign investors is to avoid politicizing private investment decisions. There are legitimate grounds for the Russian government to regulate foreign investment: it must protect the environment, enforce labor standards and safeguard national defense. The standard for government regulation, however, should be national improvement. The Russian economy will reap maximum benefits if private investors, whether foreign or domestic, make decisions about how and where to invest their capital. There are, as Kuznetsov observes, other prerequisites for attracting foreign investment. He points out, for example, that political stability is a critical element. Foreign investors will be reluctant to risk their capital in a country ruled by weak leaders and unstable political institutions. Kuznetsov's analysis of a second critical element, macroeconomic stability, misses the mark. He criticizes the Russian government's "one-sided" pressure to instill monetary discipline. In fact, the government has not vigorously pursued responsible fiscal and monetary policies. A more steadfast policy would contribute to low inflation and a stable currency—important ingredients of an attractive environment for foreign investment.


SUMMARY A new model for representing sentence-length distributions is suggested in equation (8) which is a special case of equation (2), with parameter y = -2 known a priori. Eight known sentence-length frequency counts taken from English, Greek and Latin prose were all satisfactorily described by distribution (8). For these eight fits, the average probability P(X2) was 0 50. A ninth observed distribution, taken from a Latin text of unknown authorship failed the x2 test applied to the fit of the data to the model in equation (8). This corroborates Yule's (1939) conclusion that it is highly unlikely that de Gerson could have written De Imitatione Christi. It is further conjectured that the last-mentioned observed frequency distribution could be well represented by the more general model in equation (2), with a parameter y much smaller than -2 THE first substantial investigation on sentence-length as a statistical tool to be used in deciding disputed authorship was published by Yule in 1939. Simple statistical indices such as the average number of words per sentence and the standard deviation of sentence-lengths were employed. Yule did not suggest a particular mathematical distribution model. Later (Yule, 1944) he explored word-frequency of an author in addition to sentence-length. Although Yule mentions in that book the negative binomial, he discards this distribution model as totally inadequate for representation of word frequencies and sentence-lengths. Williams (1940, 1970) suggests and uses the lognormal distribution as a model for sentence-length. To verify lognormality, Williams plots the observed cumulative percentage frequencies of sentence-lengths on log-probability paper in the hope that these plots will approach a straight line. No x2 tests are given for any of Williams's examples. Wake (1957), who discusses sentence-lengths in works of Greek authors, also makes use of the lognormal distribution by superimposing the observed histograms of the logarithms of sentence-lengths over the "expected" normal distributions. No x2 tests are given. The authorship of Greek prose is again investigated by Morton (1965) who works with distribution-free statistics such as the mean, the median, the quartiles and the deciles. Mosteller and Wallace (1963), in their study of the authorship of the Federalist papers, came to the conclusion that the mean and standard deviation of sentence- length was of no help in solving disputed authorship. In their particular research Mosteller and Wallace found the mean and standard deviations of sentence-length to be virtually identical for Madison and Hamilton. It can be shown, however, that two


This article introduces the theories and methods in measuring AEPSS(Aircraft Electrical Power Supply System),using the DAQ-2010 Data Acquisitions Card and the technology of Virtual Instrument,designs the AEPSS parameter test system,developing the software of the system for measuring AEPSS by means of software engineering.


Microscopic compositional distributions are important in determining the bulk properties of materials.1 In one application dealing with anticorrosive primers for metals, the distributions of corrosion inhibitor and filler particles in a polymer matrix are major factors governing the degree of protection under corrosive conditions.2 In another application in the field of geosciences, knowledge of the microscopic distributions of mineral phases in various rock formations is critical in the oil and gas industry.3, 4 While the value of this structural information is self-evident, the experimental techniques available for obtaining it are generally costly and destructive to the sample. X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been used as a nondestructive method to probe the internal structures of materials. However, x-ray CT only gives a microscopic map of the radiation's amplitude attenuation and phase shift and is usually inadequate to determine compositional distributions within heterogeneous materials by the usual image-rendering process.5 Data-constrained modeling (DCM) has extended the reach of x-ray CT techniques to more directly determine a sample's material composition. By combining a generic model with sample-specific CT data taken under multiple x-ray beam conditions, we have shown that DCM can provide microscopic details of compositional distributions in a wide range of samples.6–9 DCM for predictive modeling of microscopic compositions is based on a number of assumptions. The total volume of a voxel (3D pixel) is the sum of the partial volumes of its constituent material compositions (including void). A voxel's total x-ray interaction (including amplitude attenuation and phase shift) is the sum of the interactions of its constituent compositions. Its composition is also determined statistically by that of its Figure 1. DCM-software user interface with predicted compositional microstructure for a rock sample composed of quartz (blue) and calcite (red). The display corresponds to a sample size of 1.5 1 0.36mm3.


The spectrum of Br IV has been completely revised and extended on the basis of new data in the region 2420 A – 310 A. Out of 136 lines classified, 104 are new lines. The new value of the ionization potential of Br IV has been found to be 363 395 cm−1.


We present new results obtained with our model based on the track structure and chromatin geometry that predicts the DSB spatial and genomic distributions in a cell nucleus with the full genome represented. The model generates stochastic patterns of DSBs in the physical space of the nucleus filled with the realistic configuration of human chromosomes. The model was re-used to find the distribution of DSBs in a physical volume corresponding to a visible phosphorylation focus believed to be associated with a DSB. The data shows whether there must more than one DSB per foci due to finite size of the visible focus, even if a single DSB is radiochemically responsible for the phosphorylation of DNA in its vicinity. The same model can predict patterns of closely located DSBs in a given gene, or in a DNA loop, one of the large-scale chromatin structures. We demonstrated for the example of the HPRT gene, how different sorts of radiation lead to proximity effect in DSB locations, which is important for modeling gene deletions. The spectrum of intron deletions and total gene deletions was simulated for the HPRT gene. The same proximity effect of DSBs in a loop can hinder DSB restitutions, as parts of the loop between DSBs is deleted with a higher likelihood. The distributions of DSBs and deletions of DNA in a loop are presented.


Todays commercial processors provide various hardware capabilities for monitoring and protecting systems from cyber intrusions. One technique suggested in the literature is to utilize hardware assisted virtualization (HAV) capabilities of modern processors and a hypervisor to provide security protections for a virtualized operating system (OS) and applications. Under this design, however, the security of the hypervisor is critically important. We use a formally verified microkernel (the security embedded L4, or seL4, microkernel) as a security hypervisor in order to provide a strong foundation for building security protections. We report on a series of experiments that measure the overheads associated with adding security protections into a system via our security hypervisor. Our security hypervisor uses common capabilities found in HAV extensions of modern processors to regain execution control every time the guest OS performs a context switch. This enables the hypervisor to perform additional security checks before running applications, including code verification and data integrity checks. Utilizing HAV in this manner adds significant overhead to guest OS context switches, an average of 6X in our experiments. To understand how this overhead affects system performance, we conducted experiments to measure the performance of a webserver under heavy traffic load. The system performance overhead with the context switch hooks in place was negligible. Therefore, utilizing HAV with a formally verified microkernel hypervisor is a viable and resource-effective method for enabling security protections.


To the Editor: Accuracy of blood pressure (BP) measurements has significant implications for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) released a draft recommendation statement advocating the use of ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) to confirm hypertension, partly given concern for limited reliability of office BP measurements. While automated methods of determining BP are common in the outpatient setting, data on the effect of repeating BP and heart rate (HR) measurements with this technique are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the utility of obtaining a second set of automated BP and HR readings during an office appointment. We retrospectively studied 73 primary care clinic patients with a diagnosis of hypertension. These patients had received care plans as part of a quality improvement effort to provide education about managing high BP. Patients with regularly scheduled appointments received automated BP and HR measurements, performed by clinic nurses with Dinamap XL 9300 monitors (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) using standard techniques. As part of care plan delivery, measurements were repeated using the same methods during the same appointment. The primary endpoint was change in BP between the two measurements. The secondary endpoint was change in HR. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to address the correlation between the initial and repeat measurements. Univariate analyses were performed to determine the difference between measurements taken at the two time points, and backward model selection was applied to select models for multivariate analyses, which assessed potential predictors for the change. Our sample presented with an average age of 63 16 years and consisted of 45 (62%) women and 65 (89%) African Americans. There were 48 (66%) obese individuals and 36 (49%) with diabetes mellitus. The total number of patients taking three or more antihypertensive medications was 33 (45%). The average initial systolic BP was 143 14 mm Hg, while the average initial diastolic BP was 77 12 mm Hg. Average initial HR was 79 14 beats per minute (bpm). The time between repeat measurements was a median of 16 minutes (mean 18 7). Univariate analyses showed significant decreases in BP and HR with repeat assessment (Figure). Systolic BP decreased by a mean of 11 mm Hg (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4–13.7, P<.01) with 63 (86%) patients experiencing a lower systolic reading. Similarly, diastolic BP decreased by a mean of 5.2 mm Hg (95% CI, 3.3–7.1, P<.01) as 54 (74%) patients developed a lower diastolic reading. Reduction in both systolic and diastolic BPs was observed among 48 (66%) patients. In addition, there were 36 (49%) patients whose initial reading of systolic BP >140 mm Hg or diastolic BP >90 mm Hg was reclassified to systolic BP <140 mm Hg or diastolic BP <90 mm Hg upon repeat measurement. Obtaining a second HR measurement similarly showed a reduction in the pulse reading by a mean of 6.2 bpm (95% CI, 4.7–7.8, P<.01), with 61 (84%) patients experiencing lower HR. Our multivariate analyses showed that age and body mass index were associated with BP changes. Patients older than 60 years, relative to younger patients, showed greater reduction in systolic BP (P=.014). In relation to patients with healthy weight, obese patients showed greater reduction in systolic (P=.03) as well as diastolic (P=.02) BP.


With international trade now being more accessible and communication easier, international marketing strategies are increasingly important as managers deal in the global marketplace where the ability to survive depends on effective competition. Resting on a one-person decision, together with limited resources, means that international involvement for most small companies is riskier than for larger companies (Beaver and Prince, 2004; Goodman, 1999; Lloyd-Reason and Mughan, 2002). This paper investigates small-sized companies and clusters them into clearly defined groups, with the forms of uncertainty they face during international involvement being used to differentiate between them. The Viable System Model (Beer, 1979; 1981; 1985; Yolles, 2004) is then used as a diagnostic tool to provide a picture of the possible international markets that such companies might enter. Finally, an example of the Viable System Model for one type of small-sized company is outlined with a view to generalising evaluation procedures.


Nanocrystalline, single bcc solid solutions of W-Mo alloys have been successfully prepared by D. C. magnetron sputtering in a wide composition. The corrosion behavior of the sputter-deposited W-Mo alloys was studied. The W-Mo alloys showed significantly high corrosion resistance in 12 M HCl at 30 o C. Their corrosion rates are about one and half orders of magnitude lower than that of sputter-deposited tungsten and lower than that of the sputter-deposited molybdenum even after prolonged immersion. DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v21i0.217 Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol.21 2006 pp.19-25


In this paper, we propose a new approach for ranking all fuzzynumbers based on revising the ranking method proposed by Ezzati et al. cite{Ezzati}.To this end, we present and investigate some properties of the proposed approach indetails. Finally, to illustrate the advantage of the proposed method, it is applied to several groups of fuzzy numbers and the results are compared with other related and familiar ones.


Theory and research on the relation of lateral dominance to the causation of reading disability is reviewed. Direct measures of cerebral hemisphere functioning indicate that the left hemisphere is dominant for speech, sequential processing, and logical thinking in nearly all right-handers and the majority of left-handers, while the right hemisphere is dominant for holistic or Gestalt perception, nonverbal reasoning, and music. However, the electroencephalograph, which is the only direct indicator of cerebral dominance that does not require surgery, does not differentiate well between disabled and normal readers. Indirect measures include measures of handedness, directionality, dichotic listening, and tachisto-scopic presentation of visual stimuli to visual half-fields. Research on the relation of such measures to reading disability is reviewed.


Testing of one dimensional unilateral iterative logic arrays (ILAs) of combinational cells under multiple faults is discussed. It has been shown that it is possible to generate a test set for ILAs with primary outputs under multiple faults. Some ILAs have a constant number of test vectors independent of the size of the array. These types of arrays are called C-testable arrays. Present work proves that all useful one dimensional unilateral ILAs with only boundary outputs are not C-testable under multiple faults.<<ETX>>


Permercuration of the benzoic acids XC6H4CO2H (X = o-Me, F, Cl, or Br; m- Me, F, Cl, Br, CF3, NO2 or OMe; or p-Me, F, Cl, Br, CF3 or NO2) and 2,6- X2C6H3CO2H (X = Me, Cl, or Br) with molten mercuric trifluoroacetate at c. 180-245° followed by bromodemercuration gave the corresponding perbromobenzoic acids XC6Br4CO2H or 2,6-X2C6Br3CO2H, together with the corresponding perbromobenzenes C6Br5X or m-X2C6Br4 which were formed owing to decarboxylation under permercuration conditions. Similar treatment of the acids XC6H4CO2H (X = o-NO2, CF3, or OMe; or p-OMe) and 2,6-F2C6H3CO2H gave only the appropriate perbromobenzenes. Possible mechanisms for permercuration induced decarboxylation are proposed on the basis of the effect of substituents on yields of perbromobenzoic acids and perbromobenzenes. Decarboxylation occurs more widely under permercuration conditions than on pyrolysis of mercuric carboxylates. Regiospecific mercuration meta to the carboxyl group and not decarboxylation occurred on thermal decomposition of mercuric p-methoxybenzoate.


Experiments on two-dimensional model propellants using cylindrical oxidizer (ammonium perchlorate) pellets in a fuel matrix (CTPB) are described. Measurements show that burning rate of AP in the fuel environment is lower than of pure AP. The oxidizer-to-fuel ratio seems to be fuel-rich when the oxidizer particles are imbedded in contact with the fuel and it becomes oxidizer-rich for a non-zero separation between oxidizer particle and the fuel.


Introduction: Executive dysfunctions are common neuropsychological symptoms in patients after a stroke. These disorders may present with impairment of cognitive flexibility, ability to plan behavior and decision-making skills. From the perspective of clinical practice, early detection of these disorders is essential. The aim of the study was to compare the level of executive functions in patients after stroke, depending on the location of the damage. The Trail Making Test (TMT) was used for this purpose. Material and methods: The study included 43 patients with diagnosed ischemic cerebral stroke. Patients were divided into three groups: a) damage of frontal cerebral lobes, b) damage of the cortex of the posterior parts of the cerebral hemispheres, c) damage of subcortical structures of the brain. The analysis takes into account the results of Part A and B of the test and the ratio B/A. Results: The results showed that the patients with damage to the frontal lobes have a lower level of cognitive flexibility than patients with damage to subcortical structures (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Patients with damage of the frontal cerebral lobes demonstrated a significantly lower level of executive dysfunctions. However, only taking into account the ratio B/A, TMT enables one to more precisely assess the efficiency of executive functions and eliminate the psychomotor component. The presence of executive dysfunction hampers the functioning of the patient and, consequently, leads to a reduction of independence. Therefore, it is important to take into account the appropriate procedure in the neuropsychological diagnosis of patients after stroke.


When we build and maintain safety-, mission-, or security-critical systems, we are usually constrained by regulations and acquisition guidelines that requires us to provide a documented body of evidence that the system satisfies specified critical properties. In other words, we must construct an "assurance case" to convince the purchaser or user of the system's suitability or quality. However, in building such high-quality software and balancing many objectives, it has become painfully clear that the resulting software is brittle: small changes in the software itself; the hardware and software environment; or in its operational use, can have unexpected and significant (unwanted) effects. Unfortunately, assurance cases for software are often even more brittle than the software itself. This presentation will address the challenges we confront in preserving the quality of the assurance cases as we maintain the quality of the associated software. It is critical that we make progress in addressing these challenges as software continues to become a fundamental enabling technology for 21st-century society.


Backgound: One important component that determines the success of research in neuropathic pain in experimental animals is the method to induce the pain. The method commonly used is Partial Sciatic Transaction (PST), because of its pure neuropathic pain response. Crush injury (CI) is a fairly simple method and is more easily applied with minimal bias factor and as effective in causing neuropathic pain. Objective: To compare the effectivity between CI and PST in inducing neuropathic pain in experimental animals Rattus norvegicus. Methods: This was an experimental study using a post-test design method only. Fourteen 3month old male rats of 200-300g, devided into two goups; CI and PST groups.Neuropathic pain test was performed using Von Frey filament tools. Test was positive if ≥7 foot withdrawal to the cut off point of 100g. The test performed at 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Frequency of positive pain behavior was analyzed using Mann-Whitney statistical test. Results: There was no significant difference in the onset of neuropathic pain. In the PST method, neuropathic pain appeared earlier (at week 2) and lasted up to 6 weeks in 42.9% experimental animals, meanwhile only 14.3% observed at week 8. Crush injury group showed neuropathic pain in week 3 and lasted up to 8 weeks (42.9%). Conclusion: This study showed that both CI and PST were equally effective in causing neuropathic pain. Crush injury method caused neuropathic pain that lasted longer (up to 8 weeks) compared to PST method.


Finally, one wishes that the author had had time to engage with Michel Despland's thesis that Kant's philosophy of religion must be interpreted in the light of his philosophy of history. Dr Reardon grants that the question of hope in Kant's philosophy has especial significance for religion — but then more discussion of this (with reference to the Appendix to Critique of Judgment, for example) would have been in order. Despland may have overplayed his hand and emerges with some quite startling conclusions but it is an argument worth noting. It may be helpful to read Reardon's work alongside Despland's (KantonHistoryandReligion), though of course this is just a selection of two from several other relevant treatments. Still, even an extended treatmentofKant's philosophical theology would always require even further extension. As it is, this unostentatious but nicely-honed piece of scholarship is indeed welcome.


The Y-STR DNA analysis system constructed on the basis of Y chromosome genetic regularity as well as the "Scoping"theory,takes the surname and family of residential as its basic structure,regards Y-STR biodata as its groundwork.This intelligent data system integrating input and searching,includes Y-STR data,family tree and household registration of partial family members,and is an effective tool of criminal detection.The exact scoping of case is the preliminary premise of Y-STR DNA family troubleshooting,and related theories of "scoping"guarantees the scoping of cases.In the determined scope,intersecting and crashing all information,searching the suspicious group and searching persons via DNA is the core idea of this strategy.


As youth development programs established in the United States expand globally, researchers must evaluate their impacts in diverse contexts. The work described in this article established a baseline for assessing the impact of a 4-S youth program at professional technical high schools in Costa Rica. The 4-S program is equivalent to 4-H in English-speaking countries. Results indicate that members of the 4-S program exhibited significantly higher levels of positive youth development than youths in the comparison group (p < .001). We consider how these findings speak to the importance of promoting programs such as 4-S, and we conclude by discussing the implications of this work for practitioners.


Objective To study the effects of several protease on viscosity of Oviduetus Ranae.Methods The effects of several protease including alkaline protease,papain,trypsin and pepsin on the viscosity of Oviduetus Ranae were studied.Results Alkaline protease had the greatest impact on the viscosity,whith could make the viscosity drop from 374.92cP to 8.40cP within 30min;while papain and trypsin had less impact on the viscosity,needing longer hydrolysis time,which could make the viscosity drop from 374.92cP to 219.55cP and 33.49cP within 120min,respectively;pepsin almost did not work.Conclusion The viscosity of Oviduetus Ranae can be reduced by hydrolyzing it with alkaline protease.The method is rapid and effective.


The montane grasslands of eastern and southern Brazil occur mostly at elevations above 900 m and are regionally distinguished as campos rupestres and campos de altitude, with the former having a more interior and seasonal climate and the latter a more coastal and humid climate. The floristic relationships between 13 sites of montane grasslands, distributed from north-east to south Brazil (roughly 13–28 °S), were analyzed on the basis of grass species composition. After a compilation of the published literature, the floristic lists were updated according to current taxonomic circumscriptions. The final list had 311 species within 72 genera. The genus Paspalum had the highest number of species (49), whereas 25 genera contained only a single species. Relatively many species (∼50%) were restricted to single study sites, and very few species were widespread. Multivariate analysis supported four groups (bootstrap values >70), primarily distinguishing between seasonal tropical versus humid temperate climates and secondarily between surrounding biomes (caatinga versus cerrado) in the northern tropical sites and geological substrates (granitic versus basaltic) in the southern temperate sites. Our study documents the effects of large-scale climatic and geological factors on the floristic differentiation of montane grasslands and contributes to knowledge of the major vegetation types occurring within Brazilian mountain systems.


This article discusses the need to develop systematic surveys of the scientific output of emergent themes, based on a state-of-the-art research that focuses on establishing the ecosystem of online education by means of: (a) the mapping of theses / dissertations on Distance Learning (DL) in Brazil and registered at CAPES database since 1987; (b) the survey and bibliometric analysis of the writings on Online Education. The corpus of analysis on DL, with 4035 records, was constructed from keywords extracted from Moore, Kearsley and Levy's DL conceptions and it was observed the growth of writings on the theme by the program's type and level. Regarding the 247 Online Education surveys, data on its geographical origin, institutional affiliation, funding, source, area of knowledge and topics covered have generated new questions for research on public and institutional policies that use DL.


A false cleavers population that survived treatment with triasulfuron/bromoxynil in 1996 was identified in central Alberta, Canada, in a field that had been treated with acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors in 3 of the previous 6 yr. In greenhouse studies, this biotype was highly resistant to the ALS inhibitors triasulfuron, thifensulfuron/tribenuron, and sulfometuron and moderately resistant to imazethapyr; GR50, values were > 16, > 5, > 1.0, and 9.9, respectively. In addition, cross-resistance was identified to the auxin-type herbicide quinclorac (GR50 value > 6.7) but not to fluroxypyr (GR50 value 1) or MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba. Quinclorac had not been used previously in this field. Analysis of ALS extracted from the resistant biotype and a susceptible biotype from a nearby location indicated that resistance to ALS inhibitors was due to an altered target site with reduced sensitivity to a broad range of ALS inhibitors. The ALS I50 values for triasulfuron, metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron, and imazethapyr were 36, 34, 92, 96, and 14 times higher, respectively, for the resistant compared to the susceptible biotype. The mechanism of resistance to quinclorac is unknown. This is the first report of high-level herbicide resistance in this weed species.


The fire ant Solenopsis invicta exists in two alternate social forms: monogyne nests contain a single reproductive queen and polygyne nests contain multiple reproductive queens. This colony‐level social polymorphism corresponds with individual differences in queen physiology, queen dispersal patterns and worker discrimination behaviours, all evidently regulated by an inversion‐based supergene that spans more than 13 Mb of a "social chromosome," contains over 400 protein‐coding genes and rarely undergoes recombination. The specific mechanisms by which this supergene influences expression of the many distinctive features that characterize the alternate forms remain almost wholly unknown. To advance our understanding of these mechanisms, we explore the effects of social chromosome genotype and natal colony social form on gene expression in queens sampled as they embarked on nuptial flights, using RNA‐sequencing of brains and ovaries. We observe a large effect of natal social form, that is, of the social/developmental environment, on gene expression profiles, with similarly substantial effects of genotype, including: (a) supergene‐associated gene upregulation, (b) allele‐specific expression and (c) pronounced extra‐supergene trans‐regulatory effects. These findings, along with observed spatial variation in differential and allele‐specific expression within the supergene region, highlight the complex gene regulatory landscape that emerged following divergence of the inversion‐mediated Sb haplotype from its homologue, which presumably largely retained the ancestral gene order. The distinctive supergene‐associated gene expression trajectories we document at the onset of a queen's reproductive life expand the known record of relevant molecular correlates of a complex social polymorphism and point to putative genetic factors underpinning the alternate social syndromes.


This paper aims to study a potential interrelationship between board characteristics, firm characteristics, technological innovation, and firm performance in the manufacturing sector. The paper is a conceptual paper. It offers a brief review of the literature regarding on these four variables. This study intends to employ a quantitative research approach in determining the determinants of firm performance. Several methods including online and offline material from article journals, books and industrial reports are used to collect and analyzed the literature. This study is grounded on RBV theory. The theoretical argument and literature findings indicate that viewing the firm performance from the perspective of internal sources by incorporating the three determinants, which include board characteristics, firm characteristics, and technological innovation, has the potential to improve manufacturing firm performance. This study reveals that there have been very limited studies have combined the three internal determinants of firm performance such as board characteristics, firm characteristics, and technological innovation on firm performance. As a result of focusing on internal firm resources, the framework will provide a greater emphasis on strategic sources that the firm owns and can fully utilize in order to improve the Malaysian manufacturing firm performance. Therefore, this warrants more investigation, and future studies are needed to further analyze the proposed framework.


A ship shore connector comprises a large-diameter flange disk and a small-diameter disk and is characterized in that a taper tube is arranged between the large-diameter flange disk and the small-diameter disk. According to the ship shore connector, due to the fact that the taper tube is arranged between the large-diameter flange disk and the small-diameter disk, the ship shore connector can achieve transfer of different facilities with different bores and has the advantages of being simple in structure.


Work Culture, Employee Commitment and Performance Officer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of work culture and employee commitment to employee performance. The population is all employees working in agencies Executing Agency for Food Security and Agricultural Extension Pekanbaru many as 72 people. Collecting data using questionnaires. Data analysis methods used include test research instruments, test classic assumptions and hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed in the F test (simultaneous) that the work culture, and employee commitment to significantly affect the performance of employees with F sig value 0,000 0.05 and values t -1.781.


Experiments were conducted on a peat soil in the greenhouse to determine the effects of Mo and lime on the leaf tissue Mo concentration and yield of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), onions (Allium cepa L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. capitata L.), and carrots (Daucus carota L.). Molybdenum treatments were: no added Mo, seed treated with Mo, and 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36.0, 72.0, and 144 ppm Mo added to the soil. Increases in soil pH from 4.3 up to 6.9 resulted in yield increases of all crops except lettuce. Seed treatment with Mo or small quantities of Mo added to the soil were necessary for optimum yield of all crops. For onions, cauliflower, and lettuce, the Mo seed treatment alone was sufficient. No visual abnormal leaf symptoms were observed with actual leaf tissue Mo concentrations of 192, 640 and 1,018 ppm in red clover, cauliflower, and onions, respectively. Liming generally increased the Mo concentration of crops, but the increase in concentration to...


Abstract : Twenty two papers on fundamentals of high-speed deflagrations and detonations written by international experts are assembled in this volume. The papers have been presented at the International Colloquium on Control of Detonation Processes held in Moscow, Russia on July 4-7, 2000. Various aspects of deflagration to detonation transition as well as direct detonation initiation in gaseous and heterogeneous media are discussed with the emphasis on control of the predetonation distance and parameters of transient high-speed combustion regimes. Applications of various explosion control techniques to pulsed detonation engines (PDE) are described.


is manufacturing method of an arrangement for cooling of an electrical component (1), the heat-conducting manner to a cooling body (6) in which a heat conductive material is interposed between the to be cooled electrical component (1) and the cooling body (6) and in is pressed, the electrical component (1) to the cooling body (6), wherein the heat conductive material is applied as a pasty or liquid material between the component (1) and the cooling body (6), wherein a second contact force on the component (1) is exerted in a first pressing step, a first pressing force and in a second pressing step, wherein the value of said second pressing force is smaller than the value of the first pressing force, wherein in addition a mechanical alternating field to the applied heat is applied during pressing step of the first conductive material, to reduce in the region between the component (1) and the cooling body (6), air inclusions or micro fill spaces, wherein the ...


Today's commercial workflow systems, although useful, do not scale well, have limited fault tolerance, and don't interoperate well with other workflow systems. The authors discuss current research directions and potential future extensions that might enable workflow services to meet the needs of mission-critical applications.


The attacks on computer networks are not a new deal. In general except for financial institutions and military or intelligence organizations nobody bothers about it. But in recent times it is being observing that it effects much more than the said calculations. Assuming that somebody (attacker) blocked the access of particular seller's website at peak times then it results that his customer would like to choose another seller's website whose outcome may result to tremendous loss of permanent seller. Likewise, there are many instances where the impact on network attacks has been observed from top notch to common people. Snort has emerged as a powerful solution to those organizations that could not spent much on purchasing licensed intrusion detection and prevention system as snort is free ware. This paper is aiding to popularize the techniques that can help everybody to identify and prevent from these attacks. The discussed medium in this paper is SNORT, an open source and powerful network intrusion detection and prevention tool.


Fish need water. We hominids have understood this basic fact since our very first interactions with Pisces. After all, of what use are fins and gills without water? Many of our fellow human beings find it incomprehensible that a river would be allowed to dry up from overuse or that a government would need to explicitly allocate water to a river. It is as though drying a river violates some universal law, or at least the laws of nature. How can a river be a river without water? Perhaps, the fact that we have assumed the existence of some universal protection for rivers explains why it has taken so long for governments to provide legal requirements for water to be left in rivers. Or maybe we just could not imagine that we could use so much water that we could cause even once-great rivers like the Colorado, the Rio Grande, the Indus, or the Yellow to go dry. Concerns for the health of rivers and fisheries in the United States (U.S.) date back to at least the 1600s, when hundreds of small mill dams were constructed in northeastern U.S. states, blocking the migrations of Atlantic salmon and other species. But concerns over the ecological impacts of water withdrawals did not begin to surface until the middle of the 20th Century, when the construction of large dams made it possible to divert large quantities of water or to rearrange natural patterns of river flow by storing and controlling water flows for hydropower generation and other purposes. In the 1950s, Donald Tennant, a fisheries biologist working for the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service had grown concerned about what was happening to the rivers and streams he was studying. At the time, the U.S. was on a dam-building binge, constructing nearly 200 dams each year. Donald Tennant knew that these dams and the growing diversion of water from rivers and streams posed a grave threat to aquatic life. In the journal Fisheries, he wrote Philosophically, it is a crime against nature to rob a stream of that last portion of water so vital to the life forms of the aquatic environment that developed there over eons of time. (Tennant, 1976) In river basins around the world, human demands for water continue to grow, and those demands are bumping up against the limits of supply. The U.S. General Accounting Office is projecting that as many as 36 states could face water shortages by the year 2013 (GAO, 2008). The International Panel on Climate Change, a United Nations network of scientists, estimates that by 2050 up to two billion people worldwide could be facing major water shortages (Bates et al., 2008). As the world's rivers have been increasingly tapped for water and harnessed for energy, we have come to realize that the ramifications of depleted rivers extend far beyond fish and other aquatic biota – there are


The phenanthridine core exhibits antitubercular activity, according to reports from the literature. Several 1,2,3-triazole-based heterocyclic compounds are well-known antitubercular agents. A series of twenty-five phenanthridine amide and 1,2,3-triazole derivatives are...


Immature hippocampal synapses express presynaptic kainate receptors (KARs), which tonically inhibit glutamate release. Presynaptic maturation involves activity-dependent downregulation of the tonic KAR activity and consequent increase in release probability; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this developmental process are unknown. Here, we have investigated whether brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a secreted protein implicated in developmental plasticity in several areas of the brain, controls presynaptic maturation by regulating KARs. Application of BDNF in neonate hippocampal slices resulted in increase in synaptic transmission that fully occluded the immature-type KAR activity in area CA1. Conversely, genetic ablation of BDNF was associated with delayed synaptic maturation and persistent presynaptic KAR activity, suggesting a role for endogenous BDNF in the developmental regulation of KAR function. In addition, our data suggests a critical role for BDNF TrkB signaling in fast activity-dependent regulation of KARs. Selective acute inhibition of TrkB receptors using a chemical–genetic approach prevented rapid change in synapse dynamics and loss of tonic KAR activity that is typically seen in response to induction of LTP at immature synapses. Together, these data show that BDNF–TrkB-dependent maturation of glutamatergic synapses is tightly associated with a loss of endogenous KAR activity. The coordinated action of these two receptor mechanisms has immediate physiological relevance in controlling presynaptic efficacy and transmission dynamics at CA3–CA1 synapses at a stage of development when functional contact already exists but transmission is weak.


The content of the thesis is to address issues of motivation and employee engagement. The work is focused on the strategy of increasing employee motivation, level of involvement of employees and the creation of motivational profile of a selected group of employees. When processing threads are collected and analyzed data using the selected method. The obtained information is used to confirm or refute hypotheses. In conclusion, the proposals and recommendations on the implementation of the selected problems.


INTRODUCTION The Notification Collage (NC) is a groupware system designed to support casual interaction between both colocated and distributed members of a small group [1]. The NC uses the metaphor of a public bulletin board, where instances of the board appear on individuals' wo rkstations and on a large rear-projected display located in the group's public space. People post items to the NC (annotated in Figure 1) which displays them as a collage. Posted items are dynamic multi-media elements including: periodically updated video captured by cameras located on the public display and on individual computers; sticky notes showing characters as they are typed; thumbnails displaying web pages a person has visited; slide shows that cycle through a collection of images; desktop snapshots that present an image of an individual's screen contents; activity indicators graphing a person's presence over time.


Transmissive membrane diffractive optic can be used in space optical telescope or long-distance sensing to reduce the size and mass of imaging system. However, images of membrane diffractive imaging system are inevitably affected by diffraction efficiency and atmospheric propagation, which leads to low utilization ratio of light energy and image blur. Clarity of this degraded data is a challenging task. In this paper, an effective post-processing method based on total-scale Retinex (TSR) is proposed to address this problem. First, we design a self-adaptive scale surround function model that is guided by the optical transmission rate to estimate illumination component. Then, we embed the estimated-illumination into Retinex model for directly estimating the final clarity component. Moreover, the proposed method is capable of quasi real-time processing video using temporal coherence. Our method extends the multi-scale Retinex model while it avoids color artifacts in transmission model that can appear due to incorrect depth estimation. The experimental results show that our approach obtains better performance than the other state-of-art methods with respect to contrast enhancement and color-cast correction.


Non-uniform torsion of an elastic torsion bar leads invariably to nonlinear normal stresses in addition to those obtained without consideration of changes of geometry due to deformation. The nonlinearity of the resultant stress system has an effect upon the location of the twist centre and thus on the applicability of Maxwell's reciprocity theorem. Because of several pronounced characteristics, a STEM tube cantilever subjected to a pure torque at the free end has been chosen for the discussion. It is found that Maxwell's reciprocity theorem becomes less valid, the longer the torsion bar and the larger the applied torque.


Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PETs),as a member of Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, were fairly rare neoplasms which origin was considered to be the neuroendocrine cells secreting multiple hormones and amines substance. According to the symptoms related to the secreting hormones, the PETs were divided into two subgroups: functional PETs which could be diagnosed easily according to their distinct clinical manifestation related to the secreting hormones ,and nonfunctional PETs which were often misdiagnosed with pancreatic cancer and other malignant tumors. The surgical resection of PETs could supply long time survival for patients that encouraged aggressive surgical procedure for treatment of PETs, and even for the malignant PETs and metastatic PETs. With much more accumulation of clinical practices and knowledge of entity of PETs, there was great improvement in the diagnosis, management, therapeutic approaches and prognosis for PETs.


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The COVID-19 outbreak has had a severe impact on nearly all industries, including Islamic banking, which plays a significant role but is exposed to higher risk. This study aims to evaluate the credit risk that Islamic banks in Indonesia have been exposed to related to home financing before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. Panel data are employed covering the period January 2016 to September 2020 on a monthly basis. The data were analyzed using a dynamic panel approach to present a distinct picture of Sharia-compliant property financing before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. In general, the findings show that the macroeconomic variable reflected by regional inflation has had a different influence in the two periods, with Islamic banks having had much more exposure to macroeconomic risk, specifically in home financing, during the epidemic. In addition, the different influences are also shown by the study results, which show that provinces on Java Island face less risk exposure than those outside Java. In terms of impulse response factors and variance decompositions' result, before the outbreak, the response of home financing risk to inflation tended to be more stable. However, during the outbreak, the movement has tended to fluctuate more, especially outside Java Island. The same result for variance decompositions shows a similar trend, with inflation tending to have a larger impact during the outbreak. © Faaza Fakhrunnas, Yunice Karina Tumewang, M. B. Hendrie Anto, 2021


For solving the problem of that the parameters and structure of a neural network is difficult to determine, the paper presents an algorithm, which combines the Taguchi method in engineering and genetic algorithm in AI .Then tuning the parameters and structures for neural networks used the new algorithm simultaneity, and the programming of it has been given. Finally, a function predicting the future has been presented to demonstrate the application about the algorithm.


The architectural design studio could be considered with no doubt as the principal pillar of the architectural education process, and it plays one of the most important roles in developing this process. Regardless of the rise of the use of computing in architecture profession, the main focus -at least in developing countries- is on presentations as compared to other realms of the practice. The current research presents an experimental model to use one of the computer applications as a designing tool in different architectural design stages, starting with creating and developing a concept to final stages of project design, including project environmental studies. The research methodology can be summarized in the theoretical preface that explains stages of the architectural design process and with reference to computer applications in each design process stage, and then it'll consent with the experimental model, definition of the used software and applied mechanisms with the display of application model output which can be analyzed and evaluated.


A plasma display according to the invention the module, is formed on the back surface of the transparent substrate and the substrate and partition discharge cells, the front arranged to surround the discharge cells in the partition wall are passage parts communicating between the discharge cells formed with the partition wall discharge electrodes and, respectively spaced apart from the front discharge electrodes in the barrier ribs and having a phosphor layer disposed in the rear of the discharge electrodes, and discharge cells arranged so as to surround the discharge cells in the plasma display panel; In the rear of the plasma display panel is coupled is disposed to face the substrate and the chassis base; And a chassis provided with a circuit unit arranged on the rear of the base.


Channel characterization is essential when planning wireless communication deployments. We consider the wireless channel characterization in a modern subway station and its corresponding entrance tunnel, a topic greatly overlooked in the literature. We setup a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Evolved NodeB (eNodeB) transmitter in the middle of the platform of a modern station in the Madrid Metro, Spain, to cyclically transmit frequency-division duplex (FDD) LTE signals at a carrier frequency of 2.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 10 MHz. Two receivers were used to investigate both the eNodeB-train and the eNodeB-mobile links. The train was moving at a constant speed of 18 km/h from the entrance tunnel until it is completely stopped at the end of the station. Using the multipath components extracted with the space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm, we characterized the wireless channel response for both links based on the following parameters: power delay profile, root mean square delay spread, Doppler power spectral density, small-scale fading distribution, and K-factor.


Recently pattern recognition in stock trading is more and more important as studies showed that stock patterns could implicate useful information for stock price trading. Correct patterns recognition would help traders detect trading time. This study took machine learning methods to recognize different stock price patterns automatically. Stock price data was extracted into three categories and recognized by stock price pattern recognition approaches based upon the artificial neural network and support vector machine. With these methods, the recognition results depend on the traders opinion instead of normalized restriction for stock patterns. The experiment results showed that both of them could effectively learn the characteristics of the patterns and accurately recognize the patterns.


With the increasing contradiction between the supply and demand of land resources, more attention is focused on the optimal adjustment of land use structure that is a key factor for reasonable land control. However, few scholars have studied the path and extent of land use structure. The development of the Internet and e-commerce have also had a substantial positive impact on traditional industries and land size. Therefore, we use Shanghai as an example to study the influence of Internet development on the optimisation of land use structure. This paper describes the conceptual framework by analysing the process of influence and uses empirical grey correlation analysis to study the development of the Internet by major commercial land, industrial land and warehouse space associated with their impact. We conclude that the development of the Internet in Shanghai is conducive to conserving land use and influences the amount and structure of land, depending on whether it is improving or e-commerce penetration is rapidly developing. The comparison shows that the degree of e-commerce-related land use structure is stronger and that commercial real estate has a relatively higher degree of relevance. Moreover, according to the path analysis, it may also have some impact on financial, educational, and official factors in the future. Thus, Shanghai's future land use planning can reduce the land scale of these localities. Industrial structures can be forced to upgrade to optimise the land use structure and thus reduce the impact of Shanghai's extreme shortage of land.


Three cases of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis are presented. All patients presented without positive chest x-ray, fluctuant mass and discharging pus because these cases were all primary and early stage. The diagnoses were very difficult, and histopathological examination was most reliable and only one method.


Satellite remote sensing image is often covered with thin cloud. In this paper, support vector value filter is used to decompose thin cloud-contaminated remote sensing image into multi-resolution subband coefficients. Through suppressing the low frequency coefficients, thin cloud is removed effectively and ground object information is preserved sufficiently. Comparing with other thin cloud removal methods, support vector value filter has advantages of good generalization and strongly catching singularity ability. Experiments show that the proposed method can effectively recover the ground object information of remote sensing image covered with thin cloud and obtain ideal cloud-free image.


Metal cation-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are a unique class of materials that have shown potential to be highly stable AEMs with competitive conductivities. Here, we expand upon previous work to report the synthesis of crosslinked nickel cation-based AEMs formed using the thiol–ene reaction. These thiol–ene-based samples were first characterized for their morphology, both with and without nickel cations, where the nickel-containing membranes demonstrated a disordered scattering peak characteristic of ionic clusters. The samples were then characterized for their water uptake, chemical and mechanical stability, and conductivity. They showed a combination of high water content and extreme brittleness, which also resulted in fairly low conductivity. The brittleness resulted from large water swelling as well as the need for each nickel cation to act as a crosslinker, necessary with the current nickel-coordination chemistry. Therefore, increasing the ion exchange capacity (IEC) for these types of AEMs, important for enhancing conductivity, also increased the crosslink density. The low conductivity and brittleness seen in this work demonstrated the need to develop non-crosslinking metal-complexes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017.


1. Class analysis Part I. The Class Structure of Capitalism and its Transformations: 2. Class structure in comparative perspective 3. The transformation of the American class structure, 1960-90 4. The fall and rise of the petty bourgeoisie Part II. The Permeability of Class Boundaries: 5. Class-boundaries permeability: conceptual and methodological issues 6. Permeability of class boundaries to intergenerational mobility 7. Cross-class friendships 8. Cross-class families Part III. Class and Gender: 9. Conceptualizing the interaction of class and gender 10. Individuals, families and class analysis 11. The non-effects of class on the gendered division of labor in the home 12. The gender gap in workplace authority Part IV. Class Structure and Class Consciousness 13. A general framework for studying class consciousness and class formation 14. Class consciousness and class formation in Sweden, the United States and Japan 15. Class, state employment and consciousness 16. Temporality, class structure and class consciousness Part V. Conclusion 17. Confirmations, surprises and theoretical reconstructions Index.


Collagen(Col)and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)were blended to study the rheological behavior,showing that the viscosity declined with the increase of shear rate and temperature separately.Besides,the non-Newtonian indexes were calculated to analyze the blending by means of fitting the Ostwald de Wale model,which indicated that the non-Newtonian indexes augmented,approaching to 1,with the increase of temperature.Afterwards,the blends with the mixing ratio of collagen to PVA of 1∶1,1∶2and 2∶1were applied to electrospinning,and the gained fibers of ratio 1∶1showed the widest range of diameter distribution,while those of ratios 1∶2and 2∶1were relatively narrow.All of the fibers can be observed arranging in a crisscross pattern to form more stable fiber networks.Finally,the ratio of collagen-PVA 2∶1was the optimum group.The micro-nano fibers of collagen-PVA can well exhibit their merits,suggesting the potential application in intravascular stent,wound dressing,hemostatic fibers and so on.


We study spectral algorithms for the high-dimensional Nearest Neighbor Search problem (NNS). In particular, we consider a semi-random setting where a dataset is chosen arbitrarily from an unknown subspace of low dimension, and then perturbed by full-dimensional Gaussian noise. We design spectral NNS algorithms whose query time depends polynomially on the dimension and logarithmically on the size of the point set. These spectral algorithms use a repeated computation of the top PCA vector/subspace, and are effective even when the random-noise magnitude is much larger than the interpoint distances. Our motivation is that in practice, a number of spectral NNS algorithms outperform the random-projection methods that seem otherwise theoretically optimal on worst-case datasets. In this paper we aim to provide theoretical justification for this disparity. The full version of this extended abstract is available on arXiv.


The term "dialogue" refers to people conversing or talking with one another. Researchers and practitioners in the education field who hold a sociocultural perspective on intellectual development believe that "talking" plays a significant role in learning. This perspective is grounded in the work of Lev Vygotsky, who proposed that human development occurs on two levels, first socially (intermental) and then psychologically (intramental). "Central to Vygotsky's theory is the idea that children's participation in cultural activities with the guidance of others allows children to 'internalize' their community's tools for thinking" (note 7, page 682 quotes in original). Thus, education is a "coconstruction of knowledge" whereby more knowledgeable participants (experts, teachers, facilitators) help those less knowledgeable (novices, students, learners) to understand the activity and the constituent actions and artifacts by involving them as fully as possible while providing help and guidance with those parts that the learners cannot yet manage on their own. Furthermore, those more expert work within the learner's zone of proximal development: "an essential feature of learning is that it creates the zone of proximal development; that is, learning awakens a variety of internal developmental processes that are able to operate only when the child is interacting with people in his environment and in cooperation with his peers" (note 1, page 90). This process of co-construction is discursive, with language serving as a negotiating medium that connects humans with the world of objects and other people. In science education, classroom researchers proposed that students should become "fluent speakers of science"; that science teachers should help students make sense of the talk which surrounds them, and relate it to their existing ideas and ways of thinking; and that students' reasoning abilities and scientific understanding can be advanced through improvement in their use of language. Comparatively, research on learning science outside of schools, such as in museums, is not as extensive. Nonetheless, educational and psychological researchers recognize the social nature of such learning environments; for instance, family visits on holiday or adult peers on a social outing. These investigations reveal the learning that possibly take place in museums by examining the conversations in which people engage (see, for example, notes 8 and 9). They are premised on the idea that "language is how experience becomes knowledge" (note 8, page 139). Experiences in museums are multivariate; that is, —"for each museum experience there are multiple influences and multiple outcomes" (note 10, page 4). Museums are places where socio-historical, scientific, and artistic knowledge and objects are preserved, studied, displayed, and communicated. They are, as well, social places where people gather to experience, explore, and extend their understanding and appreciation of this knowledge. Thus, conversations are a naturally occurring process that researchers and educators use as indicators of the meaning, and hence the learning, that people may gain from their visits to museums. "Meaning emerges in the interplay between individuals acting in social contexts and the mediators – tools, talk, signs, and symbols systems – that are employed in those contexts" (note 11, page 4). Put differently, human thinking is shaped by the social activities, using the tools—especially the language—invented by its culture, which are temporally and geographically influenced.


New data on the early and especially the later stages of predatory dinosaur development have recently become available. These data make it quite conceivable that the evolution of this group will draw increased attention. The development of the most ancient saurischians are among the most complex and fundamental questions. The discovery of previously unknown theropods in Mongolia have greatly expanded notions of predatory dinosaur evolution. Most saurischian classifications are based on the notion of three evolutionary lineages—coelurosaurs, carnosaurs (in the broad sense) and prosauropods-sauropods—that appeared in the Triassic and continued into the Mesozoic. The coelurosaur and carnosaur lineages and the "basal" part of the third lineage, prosauropods, are commonly thought to be kindred, and consequently grouped in the suborder Theropoda. Sauropods are separated into an independent suborder (Romer, 1956). This scheme is partly "vertical" and partly "horizontal" because it combines three lineages of Triassic dinosaurs and two post-Triassic dinosaurs within the suborder Theropoda. If we consider prosauropodssauropods to be a single lineage, this scheme virtually disrupts the lineage. A classification that unites carnosaurs (in the broad sense) and coelurosaurs as theropods (Marsh, 1881) is more logical. Prosauropods, which occupy an intermediate position between theropods and sauropods, are separated into the rank of an independent suborder (Rozhdestvenskiy, 1964). In this scheme, Triassic and Late Mesozoic carnosaurs are considered to be a single lineage. The connection between Triassic "carnosaurs" and prosauropods is obviously acknowledged, but the vague term "intermediate position" merely emphasizes its uncertainty. Huene (1914, 1920, 1932, 1956) proposed another scheme for classifying saurischians. His scheme combined carnosaurs with prosauropods and sauropods in the suborder Pachypodosauria. He also put coelurosaurs, which form a fairly isolated line in the Triassic, into an independent suborder. The probable heterogeneity of carnosaurs, whose Triassic representatives are now prone to be combined with the prosauropods, are widely discussed in modem literature on saurischian evolution. Charig, Attridge and Crompton (1964) suggested a broad polyphyly of saurischians that originated, in their opinion, from quadrupedal thecodonts which formed several independent trunks. They admitted only coelurosaurs and post-Triassic carnosaurs into theropods; they put Triassic "carnosaurs" with prosauropods. Colbert (1964, 1970) made a more useful classification, wherein he combined Triassic "carnosaurs" with prosauropods in the suborder Palaeopoda on the basis of their brachyiliac pelvic girdle. He put post-Triassic "true" carnosaurs (Megalosauridae, Tyrannosauridae) and coelurosaurs, which have a dolichoiliac pelvis, into the suborder of true theropods (Theropoda). Colbert emphasized that the brachyiliac pelvis was probably inimical to the bipedal saurischian ancestors which were part of the thecodonts. At the base of the trunk of theropods (and post-


Objectives: Platelet contributed tissue damage and inflammations have been of increased interest. It was pre viously suggested that platelets have an important role in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to assess the mean platelet volume (MPV) which is described as an indicator of platelet activation and platelet count in patients with AP. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 30 patients with AP and 30 control subjects who were matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI). MPV values and platelet counts were measured on admission. Results: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher among patients with AP when compared with control group (8.82±1.33 vs. 7.94±0.54 fL respectively; p < 0.01). Platelet count was significantly lower among AP patients when compared with control group (223.0±46.2 vs. 295.3±58.9 ×109/L respectively; p < 0.001). The level of CRP was significantly higher in patients with AP compared with con trol group. Platelet and MPV were correlated with serum CRP levels in correlation analysis (p<0.01; r = -0.364, r = 0.406 respectively). We have shown increased MPV, an indicator of platelet activation, in patients with AP. The platelet count was found to be decreased in patients with AP. MPV values and platelet counts were correlated with serum C-reactive protein level that is known as an inflam mation marker. Conclusion: In conclusion, increased MPV level in AP may be a marker for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. J Clin Exp Invest 2011; 2 (4): 362-365


The present invention, without increasing the film thickness, and aims to suppress a decrease in capacitance. In a semiconductor device having a capacitor, the capacitor has an upper electrode with the lower electrode, and an insulating film sandwiched between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. The surface of the insulating layer side of the lower electrode is nitrided. If the lower electrode of polysilicon, by the surface is nitrided, oxidation resistance during heat treatment in a later step can be improved. Particularly, in DRAM, the capacitance of the capacitor is increased, a large effect. Also reduced leakage current of the internal capacitor.


Semi-field and field experiments were carried out to evaluate the biological control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) against grubs in hazelnut, chestnut and cherry orchards. Mortality of hazelnut weevils in interred containers treated with 2.2x106 infective juveniles (IJ) m-2 of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was 75.4%. H. indica caused 65.2% and S. feltiae 43.3% pest mortality, but numbers were not significantly different from the untreated control (33.4%). Mortality of the chestnut weevil was slightly increased in S. carpocapsae (2x106 IJ m-2) treated containers (44.6%) compared to untreated control containers (39.2%), but differences were either not significant. Soil applications against the European cherry fruit fly did not lead to any pest control effect and we suggest that there is little potential for EPNs to control this key insect pest of sweet cherries.


We present a microwave field tomography method based on nanoelectromechanical structures using the interaction between a microwave field and a nanometer size tip. The modelling of the interaction between the microwave field and the nanometer tip uses phase-space signal processing techniques and a 3D field simulator. The technological implementation of the microwave field tomography sensor is also presented.